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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
For the three months ended April 30, 2018 the provision for income taxes was approximately $437,000 on a pre-tax net loss of $5.5 million, or an effective tax rate of -8.0%. For the three months ended April 30, 2017 the provision for income taxes was approximately $229,000 on a pre-tax net loss of $2.4 million, or an effective tax rate of -9.4%. The variance between our effective rate and the U.S. statutory rate is due to the mix of pre-tax profit between the U.S. and international taxing jurisdictions with varying statutory rates, the impact of permanent differences, state income and foreign withholding taxes, other tax adjustments, such as valuation allowances against deferred tax assets, and discrete items.
Non-current prepaid income taxes of approximately $1.6 million at April 30, 2018 and January 31, 2018, consist primarily of foreign taxes.
The Company files U.S. federal and state income tax returns as well as separate returns for its foreign subsidiaries within their local jurisdictions. The Company's U.S. federal and state income tax returns are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and state tax authorities for fiscal years ended January 31, 2013 through 2018. In addition, the Company's tax returns filed in foreign jurisdictions are generally subject to examination for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2013 through 2018.
The Company has determined that the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries are not deemed to be indefinitely reinvested outside of the United States as of April 30, 2018. Furthermore, the Company has concluded that any deferred taxes with respect to the undistributed foreign earnings would be immaterial, particularly in light of the one-time repatriation of foreign earnings imposed by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act legislation enacted in December 2017. Therefore, the Company has not recorded a deferred tax liability associated with the undistributed foreign earnings as of April 30, 2018.
For the three months ended April 30, 2018 and April 30, 2017, the Company did not recognize any tax expense or benefit related to uncertain tax positions.
The Company prospectively adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-09 beginning February 1, 2017. Accordingly, all excess tax benefits or deficiencies related to employee share-based payments are recognized as income tax benefits or expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations and as operating activities in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.