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TRADING AND AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIES AT FAIR VALUE
 6 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Debt Securities, Trading, and Equity Securities, FV-NI [Abstract]  
TRADING AND AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIES AT FAIR VALUE TRADING AND AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIES AT FAIR VALUE
As of September 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, trading and available-for-sale securities consisted of the following:
 September 30, 2024March 31, 2024
 
Non-U.S. sovereign debt$2,353,084 $2,409,126 
Corporate debt1,071,502 1,108,870 
Corporate equity128,434 126,103 
U.S. sovereign debt41,442 43,173 
Exchange traded notes6,656 1,348 
Total trading securities$3,601,118 $3,688,620 
September 30, 2024March 31, 2024
Corporate debt$184,556 $173,568 
Non-U.S. sovereign debt78,446 27,016 
U.S. sovereign debt21,578 16,037 
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value$284,580 $216,621 

The following tables present maturity analysis for available-for-sale securities as of September 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024:
September 30, 2024
Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
Up to 1 year1-5 years5-10 yearsMore than 10 yearsTotal
Corporate debt29,395 98,466 52,424 4,271 184,556 
Non-US sovereign debt17,764 17,675 36,100 6,907 78,446 
US sovereign debt— 11,946 8,357 1,275 21,578 
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value$47,159 $128,087 $96,881 $12,453 $284,580 

March 31, 2024
Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
Up to 1 year1-5 years5-10 yearsMore than 10 yearsTotal
Corporate debt65,415 44,374 59,553 4,226 173,568 
Non-US sovereign debt7,839 7,310 5,797 6,070 27,016 
US sovereign debt— 5,059 9,753 1,225 16,037 
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value$73,254 $56,743 $75,103 $11,521 $216,621 

As of September 30, 2024, the Group held debt securities of two issuers each of which individually exceeded 10% of the Group’s total trading and available-for-sale securities – the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Fitch: BBB credit rating) in the amount of $2,416,606 and the Kazakhstan Sustainability Fund JSC (Fitch: BBB credit rating) in the amount of $714,467. As of March 31, 2024, the Group held debt securities of two issuers each of which individually exceeded 10% of the Group’s total trading securities and available-for-sale securities - the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Fitch: BBB credit rating) in the amount of $2,420,855 and the Kazakhstan Sustainability Fund JSC (Fitch: BBB credit rating) in the amount of $727,440. The debt securities issued by the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kazakhstan Sustainability Fund JSC are categorized as non-US sovereign debt and corporate debt, respectively.
As of the September 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, the Group had $361 and $413 that was recognized as other-than-temporary impairment in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
The fair value of securities is determined using observable market data based on recent trading activity. Where observable market data is unavailable due to a lack of trading activity, the Group utilizes internally developed models to estimate fair value and independent third parties to validate assumptions, when appropriate. Estimating fair value requires significant management judgment, including benchmarking to similar instruments with observable market data and applying appropriate discounts that reflect differences between the securities that the Group is valuing and the selected benchmark. Depending on the type of securities owned by the Group, other valuation methodologies may be required.
Measurement of fair value is classified within a hierarchy based upon the transparency of inputs used in the valuation of an asset or liability. Classification within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The valuation hierarchy contains three levels:
•Level 1 - Valuation inputs are unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•Level 2 - Valuation inputs are quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and other observable inputs directly or indirectly related to the asset or liability being measured.
•Level 3 - Valuation inputs are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
The following tables present securities assets in the Сondensed Сonsolidated Balance Sheets or disclosed in the Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024:
Weighted Average
Interest Rate		Total
Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2024 using
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets		Significant
Other Observable
Inputs		Significant Unobservable
Units
(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)
Non-U.S. sovereign debt12.05 %$2,353,084 $2,090,214 $262,870 $— 
Corporate debt13.96 %1,071,502 336,376 734,754 372 
Corporate equity128,434 106,526 3,513 18,395 
U.S. sovereign debt3.62 %41,442 41,442 — — 
Exchange traded notes6,656 6,132 524 — 
Total trading securities$3,601,118 $2,580,690 $1,001,661 $18,767 
Corporate debt14.23 %$184,556 $56,457 $128,099 $— 
Non-US sovereign debt11.31 %78,446 56,694 21,752 — 
US sovereign debt2.68 %21,578 21,578 — — 
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value$284,580 $134,729 $149,851 $— 
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
Total
Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2024 using
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant Other Observable InputsSignificant Unobservable Units
(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)
Non-U.S. sovereign debt11.61 %$2,409,126 $1,592,380 $816,746 $— 
Corporate debt14.83 %1,108,870 171,218 937,360 292 
Corporate equity126,103 102,134 3,819 20,150 
U.S. sovereign debt4.98 %43,173 43,173 — — 
Exchange traded notes1,348 1,045 303 — 
Total trading securities$3,688,620 $1,909,950 $1,758,228 $20,442 
Corporate debt15.53 %$173,568 $47,135 $126,433 $— 
Non-U.S. sovereign debt10.48 %27,016 12,378 14,638 — 
U.S. sovereign debt3.54 %16,037 16,037 — — 
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value$216,621 $75,550 $141,071 $— 
The tables below present the valuation techniques and significant Level 3 inputs used in the valuation as of September 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024. The tables are not intended to be all inclusive, but instead capture the significant unobservable inputs relevant to determination of fair value.
TypeValuation TechniqueFV as of September 30, 2024Significant Unobservable Inputs%
Corporate debtDCF372 Discount rate74.0%
Estimated number of years3 months
Corporate equityDCF18,262 Discount rate13.0%
Estimated number of years4 years, 3 months
Termination multiplier
26.8x
Corporate equityDCF133 Discount rate58.8%
Estimated number of years9 years
Total$18,767 
TypeValuation TechniqueFV as of March 31, 2024Significant Unobservable Inputs%
Corporate debtDCF$292 Discount rate74.0%
Estimated number of years3 months
Corporate equityDCF20,007 Discount rate13.0%
Estimated number of years4 years, 6 months
Termination multiplier
27x
Corporate equityDCF143 Discount rate58.8%
Estimated number of years9 years
Total$20,442 
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for investments that use Level 3 inputs for the six months ended September 30, 2024, and the year ended March 31, 2024:
Trading securities
Balance as of March 31, 2023$5,138 
Reclassification to Level 2$(32)
Deconsolidation of Freedom UA securities(3,927)
Sale of investments that use Level 3 inputs(15,856)
Purchase of investments that use Level 3 inputs35,807 
Revaluation of investments that use Level 3 inputs(132)
Reclassification to investment in associate(556)
Balance as of March 31, 2024$20,442 
Reclassification to Level 3
— 
Sale of investments that use Level 3 inputs — 
Purchase of investments that use Level 3 inputs— 
Revaluation of investments that use Level 3 inputs(1,675)
Balance as of September 30, 2024
$18,767 
The table below presents the amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses accumulated in other comprehensive income, and fair value of available-for-sale securities as of September 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024:
September 30, 2024
Assets measured at amortized cost
Accumulated impairment loss
Unrealized loss accumulated in other comprehensive
income/(loss)		Assets
measured at
fair value		Maturity Date
Corporate debt$182,778 $(47)$1,825 $184,556 2024-2039
Non-US sovereign debt78,083 (314)677 78,446 2025-indefinite
U.S. sovereign debt21,813 — (235)21,578 2027-2044
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value$282,674 $(361)2,267 $284,580 
March 31, 2024
Assets measured at amortized cost
Accumulated impairment loss
Unrealized loss accumulated in other comprehensive
income/(loss)		Assets
measured at
fair value		Maturity Date
Corporate debt$172,689 $(61)$940 $173,568 2024-2039
Non-U.S. sovereign debt29,121 (352)(1,753)27,016 2024-indefinite
U.S. sovereign debt16,767 — (730)16,037 2027-2044
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value$218,577 $(413)$(1,543)$216,621