485APOS 1 jastructuredcredit485a.htm 485APOS

AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON APRIL 17, 2018

 

Securities Act File No. 033-79708

Investment Company Act File No. 811-08542

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM N-1A

|X| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

[   ] Pre-Effective Amendment No.__    
       
[X] Post-Effective Amendment No. 112      
           

 

and/or

|X| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940

 

|X| Amendment No. 114    

____________________________________________________________________________________

THE SARATOGA ADVANTAGE TRUST

(a Delaware business trust)

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

1616 N. LITCHFIELD ROAD, SUITE 165

GOODYEAR, ARIZONA 85395

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)

 

(623) 266-4567

(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

 

STUART M. STRAUSS, ESQ.

DECHERT LLP
1095 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS
NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10036-6797

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

Approximated date of proposed public offering: As soon as possible after the effective date of the Registration Statement

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)

 

  immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
  on [date] pursuant to paragraph (b)
  60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)
  on [date] pursuant to paragraph (a)
X 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
  on [date] pursuant to paragraph (a) (2) of rule 485.

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

   This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

 

 

 
 

Subject to Completion April 17, 2018

The information in this Prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PROSPECTUS DATED [ ], 2018

THE SARATOGA ADVANTAGE TRUST

JAMES ALPHA STRUCTURED CREDIT VALUE PORTFOLIO

CLASS I SHARES (Ticker: [ ])
CLASS A SHARES (Ticker: [ ])
CLASS C SHARES (Ticker: [ ])

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The SARATOGA ADVANTAGE TRUST (the “Trust”) is a mutual fund company. The James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio (the “Portfolio”) is managed by James Alpha Advisors, LLC (“James Alpha” or the “Manager”) and sub-advised by Orange Investment Advisors, LLC (the “Sub-Adviser”). Shares of the Portfolio are available to investors and advisory services.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 
 

Table of Contents

PORTFOLIO SUMMARY 1
Investment Objectives 1
Fees and Expenses of the Portfolio 1
Portfolio Turnover 2
Principal Investment Strategies 3
Principal Investment Risks 4
Performance 11
Manager and Sub-Adviser 11
Portfolio Managers 11
Purchase and Sale of Portfolio Shares 12
Tax Information 12
Financial Intermediary Compensation 12
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND PRINCIPAL RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE PORTFOLIO 13
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS 23
MANAGEMENT OF THE PORTFOLIO 23
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION 28
Pricing of Portfolio Shares 28
Purchase of Shares 29
Class C Shares Contingent Deferred Sales Charge 33
Class A Shares Reduced Sales Charge Information 35
Class A Reduced Sales Charge For U.S. Residents 36
Right of Accumulation 36
Letter of Intent 37
Class A Shares Sales Charge Waivers 37
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Plan of Distribution 38
Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Trust Shares 39
REDEMPTION OF SHARES 40
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS 45
TAX CONSEQUENCES 46
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 48
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 48
Privacy Policy Notice for The Saratoga Advantage Trust 52

 

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PORTFOLIO SUMMARY

Investment Objectives. The Portfolio seeks to provide a high level of risk-adjusted current income and capital appreciation. Capital preservation is a secondary objective.

Fees and Expenses of the Portfolio. This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio.

You may qualify for sales charge discounts on purchases of Class A shares if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in The Saratoga Advantage Trust Portfolios. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and under “Shareholder Information – Class A Shares Reduced Sales Charge Information” on page [ ] of the Portfolio’s Prospectus.

 

SHAREHOLDER FEES

(fees paid directly from your investment)

Class A Class I Class C

Maximum Sales Charge on Purchases of Shares

(as a % of offering price)

5.75%

 

 

NONE

 

 

NONE

 

 

Sales Charge on Reinvested Dividends

(as a % of offering price)

NONE

 

 

NONE

 

 

NONE

 

 

Maximum Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

(as a % of offering price)

NONE

 

 

NONE

 

 

1.00%

 

 

Redemption Fee on Shares Held 30 days or Less

(as a % of amount redeemed)

2.00%

 

 

2.00%

 

 

2.00%

 

 

ANNUAL PORTFOLIO OPERATING EXPENSES

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage

of the value of your investment)

     
Management Fees 1.20% 1.20% 1.20%
Distribution and/or Service Rule 12b-1 Fees 0.25% NONE 1.00%
Other Expenses(1) [  ]% [  ]% [  ]%
Interest Expense [  ]% [  ]% [  ]%
Dividend Expenses on Short Sales [  ]% [  ]% [  ]%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(2) [  ]% [  ]% [  ]%

Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses

(before Expense Waiver/Reimbursement)

[  ]% [  ]% [  ]%
Expense Waiver/Reimbursement [  ]% [  ]% [  ]%

Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses

(After Expense Waiver/Reimbursement)(3)

[  ]% [  ]% [  ]%

 

(1)Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
(2)Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies. These Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are not considered in the calculation of the expense cap (defined below). The Operating Expenses in the above fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Portfolio’s financial statements because the financial statements will include only the direct operating
 
 

expenses incurred by the Portfolio, not the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies (“Acquired Funds”).

(3)Pursuant to an operating expense limitation agreement between the Manager and the Portfolio, the Manager has agreed to waive its fees and/or absorb expenses of the Portfolio to ensure that Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses (excluding front end and contingent deferred sales loads, leverage, interest and tax expenses, dividends and interest on short positions, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger, reorganization or liquidation, extraordinary or non-routine expenses and Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses) for the Portfolio do not exceed 1.74%, 1.49% and 2.49% of the Portfolio’s average net assets for Class A, Class I and Class C shares, respectively, through March 31, 2020 (each an “Expense Cap”). This operating expense limitation agreement can be terminated during its term only by, or with the consent of, the Trust’s Board of Trustees. The Manager is permitted to seek reimbursement from the Portfolio, subject to limitations, for management fees waived and Portfolio expenses it paid within three (3) years of the end of the fiscal year in which such management fees were waived or expenses paid, as long as the reimbursement does not cause the Portfolio's operating expenses to exceed (i) the expense cap in place at the time the fees were waived or the expenses were incurred; or (ii) the current Expense Cap, whichever is less.

Example. This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Portfolio for the time periods indicated. This example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, and the Portfolio’s operating expenses remain the same and reflect the contractual expense waiver in place for the first year. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs, if you held or sold your shares, at the end of each period would be:

IF YOU SOLD YOUR SHARES

  One Year Three Years
Class A $[  ] $[  ]
Class I $[  ] $[  ]
Class C $[  ] $[  ]

IF YOU HELD YOUR SHARES

  One Year Three Years
Class A $[  ] $[  ]
Class I $[  ] $[  ]
Class C $[  ] $[  ]

 

The above Example reflects applicable contractual fee waiver/expense reimbursement arrangements for the duration of the arrangements only.

Portfolio Turnover. The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs, which must be borne by the Portfolio and its shareholders and may result in higher taxes when Portfolio shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses or in the example, affect the Portfolio’s performance. No portfolio turnover is shown as the Portfolio had not commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus.

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Principal Investment Strategies. The Portfolio seeks to achieve its investment objectives, under normal conditions, by investing at least 80% of the Portfolio’s net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes in structured credit securities, and in other investments that have economic characteristics similar to such securities. Structured credit securities include, but are not limited to, mortgage backed-securities (“MBS”), including residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”); asset-backed securities (“ABS”); collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”); collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”); collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”); collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”); mortgage derivatives such as stripped RMBS and inverse floaters; and other securitized assets. A stripped RMBS is created when a traditional RMBS is split into an interest-only and a principal-only strip. A stripped RMBS gives its holder the right to interest payments or principal payments, but not both. An inverse floater is a type of derivative instrument with a floating or variable interest rate that moves in the opposite direct of the interest rate on another security, usually a floating rate note. The use of inverse floaters by the Portfolio creates effective leverage.

The Portfolio’s investments in RMBS may include agency and nonagency RMBS, including to-be-announced MBS (“TBA”) and non-U.S. dollar denominated RMBS. The Portfolio’s investments in CMOs may include whole loan CMOs backed by prime, Alt-A, and subprime collateral. The Sub-Adviser considers prime loans to represent borrowers with good to excellent credit; the Sub-Adviser considers subprime loans to represent borrowers with a higher risk of default than loans to prime borrowers and therefore carry higher interest rates; and the Sub-Adviser considers Alt-A loans to represent borrowers with a credit risk profile between that of prime and subprime loans. The Portfolio’s investments in ABS include ABS backed by student loans, auto loans, or nontraditional collateral such as single family rentals and aircraft leases.

The Portfolio concentrates its investments (i.e., invests more than 25% of its net assets) in RMBS, CMBS, and other mortgage-related securities (such as CMOs), and treats such investments as investments in a group of industries. The Portfolio may also invest in corporate bonds and other fixed income securities. The Portfolio seeks to outperform the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index with lower volatility than that index.

The Portfolio seeks to minimize interest rate risk by maintaining a short to intermediate average portfolio duration (i.e., within a zero to three (0 to 3) year range), as calculated by the Sub-Adviser, although the Portfolio’s average duration may be shorter or longer at any time or from time to time depending on market conditions and other factors. While the Portfolio seeks to maintain a short to intermediate average portfolio duration, there is no limit on the maturity or duration of any individual security in which the Portfolio may invest. In addition, the Sub-Adviser manages the liquidity of the Portfolio’s holdings at both the individual security level and the portfolio level, using a proprietary technique that attempts to optimize the tradeoff between the yield and liquidity of the portfolio.

In pursuing its objective, the Portfolio may sell securities short from time to time, generally in conjunction with long positions with similar characteristics for the purposes of managing interest rate or credit spread risk or for exploiting relative value differences between two securities, not for predicting the overall direction of the market. The Portfolio may also employ TBA for these short selling activities. TBA sales are forward-settling sales of agency MBS where the underlying pools of mortgage loans are not known at the time of the original transaction, but are announced just before settlement based on a “cheapest-to-deliver” algorithm.

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The Portfolio may invest in options, futures and swaps (including interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, total return swaps and swaptions). The Portfolio may invest in such instruments, without limitation, for hedging purposes designed to manage interest rate, credit spread and other risks.

The Portfolio may invest without limit in debt securities that are rated below investment grade (also known as “junk bonds”). The Sub-Adviser defines investment grade securities as those that are rated BBB or higher by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”) or Baa or higher by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), for example, or are rated investment grade by any other Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (“NRSRO”), or if unrated, determined by the Sub-Adviser to be of comparable quality.

The Portfolio may invest a significant portion of its assets in Rule 144A securities, as a significant portion of current issuance in the ABS and MBS markets are Rule 144A securities.

The Portfolio employs a value style investing approach that seeks to invest in securities providing undervalued cash flows within markets the Sub-Adviser deems inefficient. When investing Portfolio assets in all types of securities, the Sub-Adviser analyzes their expected future cash flows based on collateral composition and expected performance, deal structure including credit enhancement, state variables such as interest shortfalls and servicer advances and other factors in order to project expected return parameters such as yield and average life.

The Sub-Adviser, using a quantitative analysis model, projects security cash flows and values such cash flows at what it deems to be the appropriate discount rate based on price discovery resulting from relatively active trading and publicly available pricing information. The Sub-Adviser’s proprietary quantitative model to evaluate RMBS securities considers borrower and servicer behavior in projecting, at the loan-level, prepayment and default probability, default severity, and other factors affecting the cash flows of the security, which are then analyzed not only to identify undervalued securities, but also to stress test the credit risk of those securities.

The Sub-Adviser considers selling securities when such securities have reached their price/valuation targets. The Sub-Adviser may also consider selling securities when the Sub-Adviser believes securities have become overvalued, and replacing them with securities the Sub-Adviser believes to be undervalued to seek to offer the Portfolio better relative value and performance expectations. The Sub-Adviser may also sell and replace securities as necessary to rebalance and align the portfolio with its overall risk parameter targets.

Principal Investment Risks. There is no assurance that the Portfolio will achieve its investment objectives. The Portfolio share price will fluctuate with changes in the market value of its portfolio investments. When you sell your Portfolio shares, they may be worth less than what you paid for them and, accordingly, you can lose money investing in this Portfolio.

Active Trading Risk. The Portfolio may engage in frequent trading of portfolio securities resulting in higher transaction costs, a lower return and increased tax liability.

Basis Risk. Basis risk refers to, among other things, the lack of the desired or expected correlation between a hedging instrument or strategy and the underlying assets being hedged.

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This results in reduced effectiveness of the hedging instrument or strategy, which adversely effects the Portfolio in terms of increased hedging costs or reduced risk mitigation.

CLO, CBO, and CDO Risk. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans. A CBO is a trust which is often backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed income securities. A CDO is a trust backed by other types of assets representing obligations of various parties. For CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield, including the “equity” tranche which is the first loss piece, serving to protect the other more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, more senior tranches of CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs are still exposed to substantial credit risk. CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs are generally unregistered private placements governed by Rule 144A, and thus, have additional liquidity risk. CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) risks related to CLO, CBO or other CDO managers; (iv) the risk associated with the Portfolio investing in CLOs, CBOs or other CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; and (v) the complexity of the structure of the security may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.

Counterparty Risk.  Certain derivative and “over-the-counter” (“OTC”) instruments in which the Portfolio may invest, such as OTC swaps and options, are subject to the risk that the other party to a contract will not fulfill its contractual obligations. The Sub-Adviser attempts to mitigate this risk by not entering into transactions with any counterparty that the Sub-Adviser believes does not have the financial resources to honor its obligations under the transaction and by monitoring the financial stability of counterparties.

Credit Risk.  The issuers of fixed income instruments in which the Portfolio invests may experience financial difficulty and may be unable to meet interest and/or principal payments, thereby causing its instruments to decrease in value and lowering the issuer’s credit rating.

Credit Spread Risk. Credit spread risk is the risk that credit spreads (i.e., the difference in yield between securities that is due to differences in their credit quality) may increase when the market believes that bonds generally have a greater risk of default. Increasing credit spreads may reduce the market values of the Portfolio’s debt securities. Credit spreads often increase more for lower rated and unrated securities than for investment grade securities. In addition, when credit spreads increase, reductions in market value will generally be greater for longer-maturity securities.

Currency/Exchange Rate Risk. The dollar value of the Portfolio's foreign investments will be affected by changes in the exchange rates between the dollar and the currencies in which those investments are traded.

Derivatives Risk.  A derivative is an investment whose value depends on (or is derived from) the value of an underlying asset (including an underlying security), reference rate or index. The derivatives that the Portfolio primarily expects to use include options, futures and swaps. Derivatives may be volatile and some derivatives have the potential for loss that is greater than the Portfolio’s initial investment. OTC derivatives, which are those not cleared and settled

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through a central exchange, may be more difficult to purchase, sell or value than more traditional investments, such as stocks or bonds, because there may be fewer purchasers or sellers of the derivative instrument or the derivative instrument may require participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. The Portfolio may also lose money on a derivative if the counterparty (issuer) fails to pay the amount due. If a counterparty were to default on its obligations, the Portfolio’s contractual remedies against such counterparty may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws, which could affect the Portfolio’s rights as a creditor (e.g., the Portfolio may not receive the amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive). The Portfolio may also lose money on a derivative if the underlying asset on which the derivative is based, or the derivative itself, does not perform as the Manager or Sub-Adviser anticipated. Shareholders of the Portfolio may incur higher taxes as a result of its investing in derivatives.

 

Special Risks of Futures. The liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent that participants decide to make or take delivery of the underlying investments, liquidity in this market could be reduced. Futures contracts can be purchased with relatively small amounts of initial margin compared to the cash value of the contracts. This economic leverage can increase the volatility of the Portfolio. Even a well-conceived futures transaction may be unsuccessful due to market events.

 

Special Risks of Inverse Floaters. Inverse variable or floating rate obligations, sometimes referred to as inverse floaters, are a type of over-the-counter derivative debt instrument with a variable or floating coupon rate that moves in the opposite direction of an underlying reference, typically short-term interest rates. While inverse floaters tend to provide more income than similar term and credit quality fixed-rate bonds, they also exhibit greater volatility in price movement, which could result in significant losses for the Portfolio. An inverse floater may have the effect of investment leverage to the extent that its coupon rate varies by a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude of the change in the index or reference rate of interest, which could result in increased losses for the Portfolio. Inverse floaters can increase the Portfolio’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, currency/exchange rate risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Portfolio to counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.

 

Special Risks of Swaps. OTC swap transactions are two-party transactions and are therefore often less liquid than other types of investments, and the Portfolio may be unable to sell or terminate its swap positions at a desired time or price. Certain swaps, such as total return swaps where two parties agree to “swap” payments on defined underlying assets or interest rates, can have the potential for unlimited losses. OTC swaps are also subject to the risk that the swap counterparty will not fulfill its contractual obligations. The swaps market is subject to extensive regulation under the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank”) and certain SEC and CFTC rules promulgated thereunder. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including new and additional government regulation, could result in higher Portfolio costs and expenses and could adversely affect the Portfolio’s ability, among other things, to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.

 

Credit default swaps (“CDS”) are typically two-party financial contracts that transfer credit exposure between the two parties. Under a typical CDS, one party (the “seller” or “seller of protection”) receives pre-determined periodic payments from the other party (the “buyer” or “buyer of protection”). The seller agrees to make compensating specific payments to the buyer if a negative credit event occurs, such as the bankruptcy or default by the issuer of the underlying debt instrument. The use of CDS involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions, such as potentially heightened credit and counterparty risks. The Portfolio will not act as a seller of protection.

 

A swaption is an options contract on a swap agreement. These transactions give a party the right (but not the obligation) to enter into new swap agreements or to shorten, extend, cancel or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement at some designated future time on specified terms, in return for payment of the purchase price (the “premium”) of the option. The Portfolio

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may write (sell) and purchase put and call swaptions to the same extent it may make use of standard options on securities or other instruments. The writer of the contract receives the premium and bears the risk of unfavorable changes in the market value on the underlying swap agreement. Swaptions can be bundled and sold as a package. These are commonly called interest rate caps, floors and collars.

 

Special Risks of Options. If the Portfolio sells a put option, there is risk that the Portfolio may be required to buy the underlying investment at a disadvantageous price. If the Portfolio sells a call option, there is risk that the Portfolio may be required to sell the underlying investment at a disadvantageous price. If the Portfolio purchases a put option or call option, there is risk that the price of the underlying investment will move in a direction that causes the option to expire worthless.

 

Government Securities Risk. The Portfolio may invest in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies and instrumentalities (such as securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”)). U.S. government securities are subject to investment and market risk, interest rate risk and credit risk. Securities, such as those issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae or the U.S. Treasury, that are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity and the market prices for such securities will fluctuate. Notwithstanding that these securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, circumstances could arise that would prevent the payment of interest or principal. This would result in losses to the Portfolio. Securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-related organizations, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will provide financial support. Therefore, U.S. government-related organizations may not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future.

Hedging Strategy Risk.  The hedging strategy employed by the Sub-Adviser is designed to reduce, but not eliminate, losses resulting from volatility and market declines. Even where the hedging strategy is used successfully, the Portfolio is likely to experience loss in value during periods of volatility and/or market declines. It is important to know that the hedging strategy is not intended to hedge all risk in the Portfolio and may not be successful in reducing volatility or offsetting market declines. Also, the hedging strategy may prevent the Portfolio from achieving higher investment returns than may be available by investing in an unhedged portfolio or a comparable mutual fund without a similar hedging strategy and the Portfolio’s use of derivatives will increase the Portfolio’s expenses. If markets move in a manner that the Sub-Adviser did not anticipate, it is possible that the hedging strategy could result in losses and/or expenses that are greater than if the Portfolio did not include the hedging strategy.

High Yield Bond (Junk Bond) Risk. High yield, below investment grade and unrated high risk debt securities (which also may be known as “junk bonds”) may present additional risks because these securities may be less liquid, and therefore more difficult to value accurately and sell at an advantageous price or time, present more credit risk than investment grade bonds and may be subject to greater risk of default. The values of junk bonds fluctuate more than those of high-quality bonds in response to company, political, regulatory or economic developments.

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Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk refers to the risk that bond prices generally fall as interest rates rise; conversely, bond prices generally rise as interest rates fall. Specific bonds differ in their sensitivity to changes in interest rates depending on their individual characteristics, including duration. Given that the Federal Reserve has been raising interest rates, the Portfolio may face a heightened level of interest rate risk.

 

Investment and Market Risk. An investment in the Portfolio’s common shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount invested. An investment in the Portfolio’s common shares represents an indirect investment in the securities owned by the Portfolio, which are generally traded on a securities exchange or in the OTC markets. The value of these securities, like other market investments, may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The Portfolio’s common shares at any point in time may be worth less than the original investment, even after taking into account any reinvestment of dividends and distributions.

 

Investment Focus Risk. The Portfolio concentrates its investments in mortgage- and real estate-related securities, as described in the principal investment strategies section of this prospectus, and, as a result, the Portfolio’s performance will depend on the overall condition of that group of industries and the specific underlying securities to a much greater extent than a less concentrated fund. There is increased risk to the Portfolio if conditions adversely affect that group of industries.

 

Liquidity Risk.  The Portfolio may hold illiquid securities that it is unable to sell at the preferred time or price and could lose its entire investment in such securities. Investments with an active trading market or that the Sub-Adviser otherwise deems liquid could become illiquid before the Portfolio can exit its positions. Because Rule 144A securities are subject to certain restrictions on secondary market trading, they may be less liquid than registered, publicly traded securities. Therefore, Rule 144A securities carry the risk that the liquidity of these securities may become impaired, making it more difficult for the Portfolio to sell these securities.

 

Management Risk. There is no guarantee that the investment techniques and risk analysis used by the portfolio managers will produce the desired results. The Portfolio’s successful pursuit of its investment objectives depends upon the Sub-Adviser’s proprietary quantitative analysis model and the Sub-Adviser’s ability to manage the Portfolio in accordance with such model. The Sub-Adviser's assessment of the relative value of securities, their attractiveness and potential appreciation of particular investments in which the Portfolio invests may prove to be incorrect.

 

MBS and ABS Risk.  MBS and ABS have different risk characteristics than traditional debt securities. For example, principal is paid back over the life of the security rather than at maturity. Although the value of fixed-income securities generally increases during periods of falling

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interest rates and decreases during periods of rising interest rates, this is not always the case with MBS and ABS. This is due to the fact that the borrower’s payments may be prepaid at any time as well as other factors. Generally, prepayments will increase during a period of falling interest rates and decrease during a period of rising interest rates. The rate of prepayments also may be influenced by economic and other factors. Prepayment risk includes the possibility that securities with stated interest rates may have the principal prepaid earlier than expected, which may occur when interest rates decline. Prepayment may expose the Portfolio to a lower rate of return upon reinvestment of principal. Investments in MBS and ABS are made based upon, among other things, expectations regarding the rate of prepayments on the underlying loans. Rates of prepayment faster or slower than expected by the Manager could reduce the Portfolio’s yield, increase the volatility of the Portfolio and/or cause a decline in NAV.

MBS and ABS are also subject to extension risk, which is the risk that the issuer of such a security pays back the principal of an obligation later than expected, which may occur when interest rates rise. This may have an adverse effect on returns, as the value of the security decreases when principal payments are made later than expected. In addition, the Portfolio may be prevented from investing proceeds it would otherwise have received at a given time at the higher prevailing interest rates. Certain MBS and ABS may be more volatile and less liquid than other traditional types of debt securities. Certain ABS do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the related collateral as do MBS. Additionally, the value of ABS are subject to risks associated with the servicers’ performance. Privately issued mortgage-related securities are not subject to the same underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those mortgage-related securities that have government or government-sponsored entity guarantee. As a result, the mortgage loans underlying privately issued mortgage-related securities may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics than government or government-sponsored mortgage-related securities and have wider variances in a number of terms including interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics. Small balance CMBS may have fewer financial resources and less available public information than other types of MBS. In addition, an unexpectedly high rate of defaults on the mortgages held by a mortgage pool may adversely affect the value of an MBS and could result in losses to the Portfolio. The risk of such defaults is generally higher in the case of mortgage pools that include subprime mortgages.

 

New Adviser Risk. Although certain principals of the Sub-Adviser have managed U.S. registered mutual funds, the Sub-Adviser has not previously managed a U.S. registered mutual fund and has only recently registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. As a result, there is no long-term track record against which an investor may judge the Sub-Adviser and it is possible that the Sub-Adviser may not achieve the Portfolio’s intended investment objectives.

 

Quantitative Strategy Risk. The Portfolio may use quantitative mathematical models that rely on patterns inferred from historical prices and other financial data in evaluating prospective investments. However, most quantitative models cannot fully match the complexity of the financial markets and therefore sudden unanticipated changes in underlying market conditions can significantly impact the performance of the Portfolio. Further, as market dynamics shift over time, a previously highly successful model may become outdated – perhaps without the Sub-Adviser recognizing that fact before substantial losses are incurred. Moreover, there are an increasing number of market participants who rely on quantitative mathematical models. These

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models may be similar to those used by the Portfolio, which may result in a substantial number of market participants taking the same action with respect to an investment and some of these market participants may be substantially larger than the Portfolio.

 

Real Estate Risk. MBS investments are subject to real estate risk, as the underlying loans securitizing the MBS are themselves collateralized by residential or commercial real estate. In the event real estate prices fall, the credit risk of MBS increases in at least two ways. First, a homeowner or landlord may be more likely to default on a mortgage if the real estate being financed is worth less that the loan balance (i.e., a negative equity position). Second, in the event of a default for whatever reason, the value of the real estate securing the loan would be lower, potentially resulting in a lower recovery.

 

Regulatory Risk. Regulatory authorities in the United States or other countries may restrict the ability of the Portfolio to fully implement its strategy, either generally, or with respect to certain securities, industries, or countries. In addition, possible legislation in the area of residential mortgages, credit cards and other consumer loans that may collateralize the securities in which the Portfolio may invest could negatively impact the value of the Portfolio’s investments.

 

Short Sales Risk. Short sales may cause the Portfolio to repurchase a security at a higher price, thereby causing the Portfolio to incur a loss. A short position in a security poses more risk than holding the same security long. As there is no limit on how much the price of the security can increase, the Portfolio’s exposure is unlimited. In order to establish a short position in a security, the Portfolio must borrow the security from a broker. The Portfolio may not always be able to borrow a security the Portfolio seeks to sell short at a particular time or at an acceptable price. The Portfolio also may not always be able to close out the short position by replacing the borrowed securities at a particular time or at an acceptable price. The Portfolio will incur increased transaction costs associated with selling securities short. In addition, taking short positions in securities results in a form of leverage which may cause the Portfolio to be volatile.

 

Until the Portfolio replaces a security borrowed in connection with a short sale, it may be required to segregate cash or liquid assets to cover the Portfolio’s short position. Generally, securities held in a segregated account cannot be sold unless they are replaced with other liquid assets. The Portfolio’s ability to access the segregated collateral may also be impaired in the event the broker becomes bankrupt, insolvent or otherwise fails to comply with its obligations. The Portfolio may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in these circumstances.

 

Stripped MBS Risk. Stripped mortgage-backed securities are a type of mortgage-backed security that receive differing proportions of the interest and principal payments from the underlying assets. Generally, there are two classes of stripped mortgage-backed securities: Interest Only (“IO”) and Principal Only (“PO”).  The cash flows and yields on IOs and POs are extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying mortgage loans or mortgage-backed securities. A rapid rate of principal payments may adversely affect the yield to maturity of IOs. A slow rate of principal payments may adversely affect the yield to maturity of POs. If prepayments of principal are greater than anticipated, an investor in IOs may incur substantial losses. If prepayments of principal are slower than anticipated, the yield on a PO will be affected more severely than would be the case with a traditional mortgage-backed security.

 

Sub-Prime and Alt-A Mortgage Risk. Subprime loans refer to loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments on their loans. Alt-A loans refer to loans extended to borrowers who have incomplete documentation of income, assets, or other variables that are important to the credit underwriting process. The loan collateral backing some MBS may be considered "subprime" or “Alt-A” at the time of loan origination based on the lower credit quality or other risk factors of the borrower, making it more likely to default than loans considered "prime." The overall credit risk of MBS is a function of a number of factors, primarily the seniority of the bond in the capital structure, the amount and type of credit enhancement, and the type and performance of the loan collateral. Therefore, all else equal

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with respect to seniority and credit enhancement, MBS backed by subprime or Alt-A collateral pose more credit risk to the Portfolio than those backed by prime loan collateral. In addition, the Portfolio may experience difficulty in the management and reinvestment of its investments subprime or Alt-A mortgage loans due to fluctuating interest rates and market volatility and the Portfolio may incur losses on such investments.

TBA Securities Risk. The Portfolio may buy or sell TBA securities, particularly in the case of agency MBS, for which there is an extremely active, liquid market. TBA are forward-settling trades where the underlying pools of mortgage loans are not known at the time of the original transaction but that meet specified terms and are announced just before settlement based on a “cheapest-to-deliver” algorithm. These transactions are essentially futures transactions, involve when-issued securities, and can be short sales. Therefore, they involve all the risks associated with those instruments and transactions, described herein.

Value Style Investing Risk. Value investing strategies involve obtaining exposure to individual investments or market sectors that are out of favor and/or undervalued in comparison to their peers or their prospects for growth. Because different types of investments go out of favor with investors depending on market and economic conditions, the Portfolio’s return may be adversely affected during market downturns and when value investment strategies are out of favor.

 

When-Issued Securities Risk. The price or yield obtained in a when-issued transaction may be less favorable than the price or yield available in the market when the securities delivery takes place. Also, a when-issued security transaction has potentially more counterparty risk than a regularly settling trade because of the potentially extended settlement period, which increases the risk that the other party to the when-issued transaction fails to consummate the trade, resulting in a loss to the Portfolio or missed opportunity to profit from the trade.

 

Shares of the Portfolio are not bank deposits and are not guaranteed or insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Performance. Because the Portfolio does not yet have a full calendar year of operations, it does not disclose any performance information in this Prospectus. Once available, you may obtain the Portfolio’s updated performance information by calling toll free 1-800-807-FUND or by visiting www.saratogacap.com.

Manager and Sub-Adviser. James Alpha Advisors, LLC is the Portfolio’s manager (the “Manager”). Orange Investment Advisors, LLC serves as the Portfolio’s sub-adviser (the “Sub-Adviser”). The Manager monitors the performance of the Sub-Adviser.

Portfolio Managers. The following individuals serve as the Portfolio’s day-to-day portfolio managers:

Portfolio Manager Primary Title
Jay Menozzi Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Adviser, and has managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2018.
Boris Peresechensky Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Adviser, and has managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2018.
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The following individuals oversee the Portfolio’s day-to-day portfolio managers:

Portfolio Manager Primary Title
Akos Beleznay Chief Investment Officer of the Manager, and has managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2018.
Kevin R. Greene Managing Partner of the Manager, and has managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2018.
Michael J. Montague Chief Operating Officer of the Manager, and has managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2018.
James S. Vitalie Chief Executive Officer of the Manager, and has managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2018.

Purchase and Sale of Portfolio Shares. Generally, the minimum initial investment in the Portfolio is $2,500 for Class A and Class C shares. The investment minimum for Class I shares of the Portfolio is $1 million, subject to certain exceptions. The minimum subsequent investment in the Trust is $100, except for employee benefit plans, mutual fund platform programs, supermarket programs, associations and individual retirement accounts, which have no minimum subsequent investment requirements. There is no minimum subsequent investment for the Portfolio. You may purchase and redeem shares of the Portfolio on any day that the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open. Redemption requests may be made in writing, by telephone, or through a financial intermediary and will be paid by check or wire transfer.

Tax Information. Distributions you receive from the Portfolio, whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Portfolio shares or receive them in cash, are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-free plan, in which case your distributions generally will be taxed when withdrawn from the tax-deferred account. The Portfolio’s investment techniques may cause more of the Portfolio’s income dividends and capital gains distributions to be taxable at ordinary income tax rates than it would if it did not engage in such techniques.

Financial Intermediary Compensation. If you purchase the Portfolio through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Manager and/or the Portfolio’s distributor may pay the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

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PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND PRINCIPAL RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE PORTFOLIO

Investment Objectives

The investment objective of the Portfolio is to seek to provide a high level of risk-adjusted current income and capital appreciation. Capital preservation is a secondary objective.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio seeks to achieve its investment objectives, under normal conditions, by investing at least 80% of the Portfolio’s net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes in structured credit securities, and in other investments that have economic characteristics similar to such securities. Structured credit securities include, but are not limited to, MBS, including RMBS, CMBS; ABS; CMOs; CLOs; CBOs; CDOs; mortgage derivatives such as stripped RMBS and inverse floaters; and other securitized assets. A stripped RMBS is created when a traditional RMBS is split into an interest-only and a principal-only strip. A stripped RMBS gives its holder the right to interest payments or principal payments, but not both. An inverse floater is a type of derivative instrument with a floating or variable interest rate that moves in the opposite direct of the interest rate on another security, usually a floating rate note. The use of inverse floaters by the Portfolio creates effective leverage.

The Portfolio’s investments in RMBS may include agency and nonagency RMBS, including TBA and non-U.S. dollar denominated RMBS. The Portfolio’s investments in CMOs may include whole loan CMOs backed by prime, Alt-A and subprime collateral. The Sub-Adviser considers prime loans to represent borrowers with good to excellent credit; the Sub-Adviser considers subprime loans to represent borrowers with a higher risk of default than loans to prime borrowers and therefore carry higher interest rates; and the Sub-Adviser considers Alt-A loans to represent borrowers with a credit risk profile between that of prime and subprime loans. The Portfolio’s investments in ABS include ABS backed by student loans, auto loans, or nontraditional collateral such as single family rentals and aircraft leases.

The Portfolio concentrates its investments (i.e., invests more than 25% of its net assets) in RMBS, CMBS, and other mortgage-related securities (such as CMOs), and treats such investments as investments in a group of industries. The Portfolio may also invest in corporate bonds and other fixed income securities. The Portfolio seeks to outperform the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index with lower volatility than that index.

The Portfolio seeks to minimize interest rate risk by maintaining a short to intermediate average portfolio duration (i.e., within a zero to three (0 to 3) year range, as calculated by the Sub-Adviser, although the Portfolio’s duration may be shorter or longer at any time or from time to time depending on market conditions and other factors). While the Portfolio seeks to maintain a short to intermediate average portfolio duration, there is no limit on the maturity or duration of any individual security in which the Portfolio may invest. In addition, the Sub-Adviser manages the liquidity of the Portfolio’s holdings at both the individual security level and the portfolio level, using a proprietary technique that attempts to optimize the tradeoff between the yield and liquidity of the portfolio.

 

The Portfolio may sell securities short from time to time, generally in conjunction with long positions with similar characteristics for the purposes of managing interest rate or credit spread risk or for exploiting relative value differences between two securities, not for predicting the overall direction of the market. The Portfolio may also employ TBA for these short selling activities. TBA sales are forward-settling sales of agency MBS where the underlying pools of mortgage loans are not known at the time of the original transaction, but are announced just before settlement based on a “cheapest-to-deliver” algorithm.

 

The Portfolio may invest in options, futures and swaps (including interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, total return swaps and swaptions). The Portfolio may invest in such instruments, without limitation, for hedging purposes designed to manage interest rate, credit spread and other risks. The Portfolio may in the future deploy credit derivatives such as long/short CMBX Indices (“CMBX”) and ABX Indices (“ABX”) positions to express relative value views within CMBS and ABS markets and to hedge credit spread risk at the overall portfolio level. CMBX

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and ABX are indices measuring the performance of certain tranches of CMBS and ABS, respectively. The Portfolio may also utilize leverage through reverse repurchase agreements or borrowing against a line of credit, subject to the limits of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

 

The Portfolio may invest without limit in debt securities that are rated below investment grade (also known as “junk bonds”). The Sub-Adviser defines investment grade securities as those that are rated BBB or higher by S&P or Baa or higher by Moody’s, for example, or are rated investment grade by any other NRSRO, or if unrated, determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality.

 

To manage risk, the Sub-Adviser relies primarily on its own analysis of the credit quality and other risks associated with individual fixed-income securities considered for the Portfolio, rather than relying exclusively on rating agencies or third-party research. The Sub-Adviser utilizes the results of this analysis, supplemented with third party research in an attempt to minimize credit risk and to identify securities, issuers, industries or sectors that it believes are undervalued thus offering potentially attractive returns or yields relative to the Sub-Adviser’s assessment of their overall risk characteristics.

 

The Portfolio may invest a significant portion of its assets in Rule 144A securities, as a significant portion of current issuance in the ABS and MBS markets are Rule 144A securities.

 

The Portfolio employs a value style investing approach that seeks to invest in securities providing undervalued cash flows within markets the Sub-Adviser deems inefficient. When investing Portfolio assets in all types of securities, the Sub-Adviser analyzes their expected future cash flows based on collateral composition and expected performance, deal structure including credit enhancement, state variables such as interest shortfalls and servicer advances and other factors in order to project expected return parameters such as yield and average life.

The Sub-Adviser, using a quantitative analysis model, projects security cash flows and values such cash flows at what it deems to be the appropriate discount rate based on price discovery resulting from relatively active trading and publicly available pricing information. The Sub-Adviser’s proprietary quantitative model to evaluate RMBS securities considers borrower and servicer behavior in projecting, at the loan-level, prepayment and default probability, default severity, and other factors affecting the cash flows of the security, which are then analyzed not only to identify undervalued securities, but also to stress test the credit risk of those securities.

The Sub-Adviser considers selling securities when such securities have reached their price/valuation targets. The Sub-Adviser may also consider selling securities when the Sub-Adviser believes securities have become overvalued, and replacing them with securities the Sub-Adviser believes to be undervalued to seek to offer the Portfolio better relative value and performance expectations. The Sub-Adviser may also sell and replace securities.

 

The Portfolio’s investments in the types of securities described in this Prospectus vary from time to time and, at any time, the Portfolio may not be invested in all types of securities described in this Prospectus. The Portfolio may also invest in securities and other investments not described

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in this Prospectus, but which are described in the Statement of Additional Information. Any percentage limitations with respect to assets of the Portfolio are applied at the time of purchase.

 

General Investment Policies of the Portfolio

Temporary or Cash Investments. Under normal market conditions, the Portfolio will seek to stay fully invested according to its principal investment strategies as noted above. The Portfolio, however, may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies by making short-term investments in cash, cash equivalents, and high-quality, short-term debt securities and money market instruments, including affiliated and unaffiliated instruments, for temporary defensive purposes in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions. This may result in the Portfolio not achieving its investment objectives during that period. To the extent that the Portfolio uses a money market fund for its cash position, there will be some duplication of expenses because the Portfolio would bear its pro rata portion of such money market fund’s advisory fees and operational expenses.

Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) Exclusion. The Manager, with respect to the Portfolio, has filed with the National Futures Association, a notice claiming an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the CEA, as amended, and the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) promulgated thereunder, and therefore is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator. In addition, with respect to the Portfolio, the Manager is relying upon a related exclusion from the definition of a “commodity trading advisor” under the CEA and the rules of the CFTC.

Change in Investment Objectives and Strategies. The Portfolio’s investment objectives and strategies are non-fundamental (unless otherwise indicated) and may be changed by the Board without the approval of the Portfolio’s shareholders.

Principal Risks of Investing in the Portfolio

This section provides additional information relating to the Portfolio’s investment objectives, strategies and risks. As with any mutual fund, it is possible to lose money by investing in the Portfolio. There is no assurance that the Portfolio will achieve its investment objectives. When you sell your Portfolio shares, they may be worth less than what you paid for them and, accordingly, you can lose money investing in the Portfolio.

Active Trading Risk. The Portfolio may engage in frequent trading of portfolio securities that may result in increased transaction costs, thereby lowering its actual return. Frequent trading also may increase short term gains and losses, which may affect tax liability.

Basis Risk. Basis risk refers to, among other things, the lack of the desired or expected correlation between a hedging instrument or strategy and the underlying assets being hedged. This results in reduced effectiveness of the hedging instrument or strategy, which adversely effects the Portfolio in terms of increased hedging costs or reduced risk mitigation.

CLO, CBO and CDO Risk. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or

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equivalent unrated loans. A CBO is a trust which is often backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed income securities. The collateral can be from many different types of fixed income securities such as high-yield debt, residential privately issued mortgage-related securities, commercial privately-issued mortgage related securities, trust preferred securities and emerging market debt. CDOs are trusts backed by other types of assets representing obligations of various parties. CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses. For CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which is the first loss piece, serving to protect the other more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Because of this credit enhancement, senior tranches of CLOs, CBOs, and other CDOs typically have higher ratings and lower yields than their underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite credit enhancement, CLOs, CBOs or other CDOs tranches can experience substantial losses due to higher than expected defaults, decrease in tranche market value due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CLOs, CBOs or other CDOs securities as a class. The risks of an investment in a CLO, CBO or other CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral and the class of the instrument in which the Portfolio invests. Normally, CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs may be characterized by the Portfolio as illiquid securities, however an active dealer market may exist for CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs allowing them to qualify for Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed-income instruments discussed elsewhere in this prospectus (e.g., prepayment risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, interest rate risk and default risk), CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) risks related to CLO, CBO or other CDO managers; (iv) the risk associated with the Portfolio investing in CLOs, CBOs or other CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; and (v) the complexity of the structure of the security may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.

Counterparty Risk.  Certain OTC derivative instruments, such as OTC swaps and options, are subject to the risk that the other party to a contract will not fulfill its contractual obligations. The Sub-Adviser attempts to mitigate this risk by not entering into transactions with any counterparty that the Sub-Adviser believes does not have the financial resources to honor its obligations under the transaction and by monitoring the financial stability of counterparties.

Credit Risk.  The issuers of fixed income instruments in which the Portfolio invests may experience financial difficulty and may be unable to meet interest and/or principal payments, thereby causing its instruments to decrease in value and lowering the issuer’s credit rating.

Credit Spread Risk. Credit spread risk is the risk that credit spreads (i.e., the difference in yield between securities that is due to differences in their credit quality) may increase when the market believes that bonds generally have a greater risk of default. Increasing credit spreads may reduce the market values of the Portfolio’s debt securities. Credit spreads often increase more for lower rated and unrated securities than for investment grade securities. In addition, when credit spreads increase, reductions in market value will generally be greater for longer-maturity securities.

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Currency/Exchange Rate Risk. The dollar value of the Portfolio's foreign investments will be affected by changes in the exchange rates between the dollar and the currencies in which those investments are traded. The Portfolio may buy or sell currencies other than the U.S. dollar in order to capitalize on anticipated changes in exchange rates. There is no guarantee that these investments will be successful.

Derivatives Risk.  A derivative is an investment whose value depends on (or is derived from) the value of an underlying asset (including an underlying security), reference rate or index. The derivatives that the Portfolio primarily expects to use include options, futures and swaps. Derivatives may be volatile and some derivatives have the potential for loss that is greater than the Portfolio’s initial investment. OTC derivatives, which are those not cleared and settled through a central exchange, may be more difficult to purchase, sell or value than more traditional investments, such as stocks or bonds, because there may be fewer purchasers or sellers of the derivative instrument or the derivative instrument may require participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. The Portfolio may also lose money on a derivative if the counterparty (issuer) fails to pay the amount due. If a counterparty were to default on its obligations, the Portfolio’s contractual remedies against such counterparty may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws, which could affect the Portfolio’s rights as a creditor (e.g., the Portfolio may not receive the amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive). The Portfolio may also lose money on a derivative if the underlying asset on which the derivative is based, or the derivative itself, does not perform as the Manager or Sub-Adviser anticipated. Shareholders of the Portfolio may incur higher taxes as a result of its investing in derivatives.

 

Special Risks of Futures. The liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent that participants decide to make or take delivery of the underlying investments, liquidity in this market could be reduced. Futures contracts can be purchased with relatively small amounts of initial margin compared to the cash value of the contracts. This economic leverage can increase the volatility of the Portfolio. Even a well-conceived futures transaction may be unsuccessful due to market events.

 

Special Risks of Inverse Floaters. Inverse variable or floating rate obligations, sometimes referred to as inverse floaters, are a type of over-the-counter derivative debt instrument with a variable or floating coupon rate that moves in the opposite direction of an underlying reference, typically short-term interest rates. While inverse floaters tend to provide more income than similar term and credit quality fixed-rate bonds, they also exhibit greater volatility in price movement, which could result in significant losses for the Portfolio. An inverse floater may have the effect of investment leverage to the extent that its coupon rate varies by a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude of the change in the index or reference rate of interest, which could result in increased losses for the Portfolio. Inverse floaters can increase the Portfolio’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, currency/exchange rate risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Portfolio to counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.

 

Special Risks of Swaps. OTC swap transactions are two-party transactions and are therefore often less liquid than other types of investments, and the Portfolio may be unable to sell or terminate its swap positions at a desired time or price. Certain swaps, such as total return swaps where two parties agree to “swap” payments on defined underlying assets or interest rates, can have the potential for unlimited losses. OTC swaps are also subject to the risk that the swap counterparty will not fulfill its contractual obligations. The swaps market is subject to extensive regulation under Dodd–Frank and certain SEC and CFTC rules promulgated thereunder. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including new and additional government regulation, could result in higher Portfolio costs and expenses and could adversely affect the Portfolio’s ability, among other things, to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.

 

CDS are typically two-party financial contracts that transfer credit exposure between the two parties. Under a typical CDS, one party (the “seller” or “seller of protection”) receives pre-determined periodic payments from the other party (the “buyer” or “buyer of protection”). The

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seller agrees to make compensating specific payments to the buyer if a negative credit event occurs, such as the bankruptcy or default by the issuer of the underlying debt instrument. The use of CDS involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions, such as potentially heightened credit and counterparty risks. The Portfolio will not act as a seller of protection.

 

A swaption is an options contract on a swap agreement. These transactions give a party the right (but not the obligation) to enter into new swap agreements or to shorten, extend, cancel or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement at some designated future time on specified terms, in return for payment of the purchase price (the “premium”) of the option. The Portfolio may write (sell) and purchase put and call swaptions to the same extent it may make use of standard options on securities or other instruments. The writer of the contract receives the premium and bears the risk of unfavorable changes in the market value on the underlying swap agreement. Swaptions can be bundled and sold as a package. These are commonly called interest rate caps, floors and collars.

 

Special Risks of Options. If the Portfolio sells (writes) a put option, there is risk that the Portfolio may be required to buy the underlying investment at a disadvantageous price. If the Portfolio sells a call option, there is risk that the Portfolio may be required to sell the underlying investment at a disadvantageous price. If the Portfolio purchases a put option or call option, there is risk that the price of the underlying investment will move in a direction that causes the option to expire worthless.

 

Government Securities Risk. The Portfolio may invest in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies and instrumentalities (such as securities issued by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, or Freddie Mac). U.S. government securities are subject to investment and market risk, interest rate risk and credit risk. Securities, such as those issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae or the U.S. Treasury, that are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity and the market prices for such securities will fluctuate. Notwithstanding that these securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, circumstances could arise that would prevent the payment of interest or principal. This would result in losses to the Portfolio. Securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-related organizations, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will provide financial support. Therefore, U.S. government-related organizations may not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future.

Hedging Strategy Risk.  The hedging strategy employed by the Sub-Adviser is designed to reduce, but not necessarily eliminate, losses resulting from volatility and market declines. Even where the hedging strategy is used successfully, the Portfolio is likely to experience loss in value during periods of volatility and/or market declines. It is important to know that the hedging strategy is not intended to hedge all risk in the Portfolio and may not be successful in reducing volatility or offsetting market declines. Also, the hedging strategy may prevent the Portfolio from achieving higher investment returns than may be available by investing in an unhedged portfolio or a comparable mutual fund without a similar hedging strategy and the Portfolio’s use of derivatives will increase the Portfolio’s expenses. If markets move in a manner that the Sub-

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Adviser did not anticipate, it is possible that the hedging strategy could result in losses and/or expenses that are greater than if the Portfolio did not include the hedging strategy.

High Yield Bond (Junk Bond) Risk. High yield, below investment grade and unrated high risk debt securities (which also may be known as “junk bonds”) may present additional risks because these securities may be less liquid, and therefore more difficult to value accurately and sell at an advantageous price or time, present more credit risk than investment grade bonds and may be subject to greater risk of default. The values of junk bonds fluctuate more than those of high-quality bonds in response to company, political, regulatory or economic developments.

Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk refers to the risk that bond prices generally fall as interest rates rise; conversely, bond prices generally rise as interest rates fall. Specific bonds differ in their sensitivity to changes in interest rates depending on their individual characteristics. One measure of this sensitivity is called duration. The longer the duration of a particular bond, the greater is its price sensitivity to interest rates. Similarly, a longer duration portfolio of securities has greater price sensitivity. Falling interest rates may also prompt some issuers to refinance existing debt, which could affect the Portfolio’s performance. Given that the Federal Reserve has been raising interest rates, the Portfolio may face a heightened level of interest rate risk.

 

Investment and Market Risk. An investment in the Portfolio’s common shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount invested. An investment in the Portfolio’s common shares represents an indirect investment in the securities owned by the Portfolio, which are generally traded on a securities exchange or in the OTC markets. The value of these securities, like other market investments, may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The Portfolio’s common shares at any point in time may be worth less than the original investment, even after taking into account any reinvestment of dividends and distributions. Securities in the Portfolio’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in general financial markets, a particular financial market or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, natural disasters or events, terrorism, regulatory events and government controls.

 

Investment Focus Risk. The Portfolio concentrates its investments in mortgage- and real estate-related securities, as described in the principal investment strategies section of this prospectus, and, as a result, the Portfolio’s performance will depend on the overall condition of that group of industries and the specific underlying securities to a much greater extent than a less concentrated fund. There is increased risk to the Portfolio if conditions adversely affect that group of industries.

 

Leverage Risk. Leverage created from borrowing money or certain types of transactions or instruments, including derivatives, may impair the Portfolio's liquidity, cause it to liquidate

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positions at an unfavorable time, increase volatility or otherwise not achieve its intended objective. These investments may be more volatile than investments in unlevered securities, which may increase the volatility of the Portfolio.

 

Liquidity Risk.  The Portfolio may hold illiquid securities that it is unable to sell at the preferred time or price and could lose its entire investment in such securities. Investments with an active trading market or that the Sub-Adviser otherwise deems liquid could become illiquid before the Portfolio can exit its positions. Because Rule 144A securities are subject to certain restrictions on secondary market trading, they may be less liquid than registered, publicly traded securities. Therefore, Rule 144A securities carry the risk that the liquidity of these securities may become impaired, making it more difficult for the Portfolio to sell these securities.

 

Management Risk. There is no guarantee that the investment techniques and risk analysis used by the portfolio managers will produce the desired results. The Portfolio’s successful pursuit of its investment objectives depends upon the Sub-Adviser’s proprietary quantitative analysis model and the Sub-Adviser’s ability to manage the Portfolio in accordance with such model. The Sub-Adviser's assessment of the relative value of securities, their attractiveness and potential appreciation of particular investments in which the Portfolio invests may prove to be incorrect.

 

MBS and ABS Risk.  MBS and ABS have different risk characteristics than traditional debt securities. For example, principal is paid back over the life of the security rather than at maturity. Although the value of fixed-income securities generally increases during periods of falling interest rates and decreases during periods of rising interest rates, this is not always the case with MBS and ABS. This is due to the fact that the borrower’s payments may be prepaid at any time as well as other factors. Generally, prepayments will increase during a period of falling interest rates and decrease during a period of rising interest rates. The rate of prepayments also may be influenced by economic and other factors. Prepayment risk includes the possibility that securities with stated interest rates may have the principal prepaid earlier than expected, which may occur when interest rates decline. Prepayment may expose the Portfolio to a lower rate of return upon reinvestment of principal. Investments in MBS and ABS are made based upon, among other things, expectations regarding the rate of prepayments on the underlying loans. Rates of prepayment faster or slower than expected by the Manager could reduce the Portfolio’s yield, increase the volatility of the Portfolio and/or cause a decline in NAV.

MBS and ABS are also subject to extension risk, which is the risk that the issuer of such a security pays back the principal of an obligation later than expected, which may occur when interest rates rise. This may have an adverse effect on returns, as the value of the security decreases when principal payments are made later than expected. In addition, the Portfolio may be prevented from investing proceeds it would otherwise have received at a given time at the higher prevailing interest rates. Certain MBS and ABS may be more volatile and less liquid than other traditional types of debt securities. Certain MBS and ABS may be more volatile and less liquid than other traditional types of debt securities. Certain ABS do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the related collateral as do MBS. Additionally, the value of ABS are subject to risks associated with the servicers’ performance. Privately issued mortgage-related securities are not subject to the same underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those mortgage-related securities that have government or government-sponsored entity guarantee. As a result, the mortgage loans underlying privately issued

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mortgage-related securities may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics than government or government-sponsored mortgage-related securities and have wider variances in a number of terms including interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics. Small balance CMBS may have fewer financial resources and less available public information than other types of MBS. In addition, an unexpectedly high rate of defaults on the mortgages held by a mortgage pool may adversely affect the value of an MBS and could result in losses to the Portfolio. The risk of such defaults is generally higher in the case of mortgage pools that include subprime mortgages.

 

New Adviser Risk. Although certain principals of the Sub-Adviser have managed U.S. registered mutual funds, the Sub-Adviser has not previously managed a U.S. registered mutual fund and has only recently registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. As a result, there is no long-term track record against which an investor may judge the Sub-Adviser and it is possible that the Sub-Adviser may not achieve the Portfolio’s intended investment objectives.

 

Quantitative Strategy Risk. The Portfolio may use quantitative mathematical models that rely on patterns inferred from historical prices and other financial data in evaluating prospective investments. However, most quantitative models cannot fully match the complexity of the financial markets and therefore sudden unanticipated changes in underlying market conditions can significantly impact the performance of the Portfolio. Further, as market dynamics shift over time, a previously highly successful model may become outdated – perhaps without the Sub-Adviser recognizing that fact before substantial losses are incurred. Moreover, there are an increasing number of market participants who rely on quantitative mathematical models. These models may be similar to those used by the Portfolio, which may result in a substantial number of market participants taking the same action with respect to an investment and some of these market participants may be substantially larger than the Portfolio.

 

Real Estate Risk. MBS investments are subject to real estate risk, as the underlying loans securitizing the MBS are themselves collateralized by residential or commercial real estate. In the event real estate prices fall, the credit risk of MBS increases in at least two ways. First, a homeowner or landlord may be more likely to default on a mortgage if the real estate being financed is worth less that the loan balance (i.e., a negative equity position). Second, in the event of a default for whatever reason, the value of the real estate securing the loan would be lower, potentially resulting in a lower recovery.

 

Regulatory Risk. Regulatory authorities in the United States or other countries may restrict the ability of the Portfolio to fully implement its strategy, either generally, or with respect to certain securities, industries, or countries. In addition, possible legislation in the area of residential mortgages, credit cards and other consumer loans that may collateralize the securities in which the Portfolio may invest could negatively impact the value of the Portfolio’s investments.

 

Repurchase Agreements Risk. Risks associated with repurchase agreements are primarily counterparty risk resulting from the other party failing to repurchase the securities in a timely manner, or at all, in the event of a bankruptcy or other default by the seller, causing the Portfolio to experience delays in liquidating the underlying security and losses in the case of a decline in

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the value of the underlying security while the Portfolio is seeking to enforce its rights under the repurchase agreement.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements Risk. Risks associated with repurchase agreements are primarily counterparty risk resulting from the other party failing to sell back the securities in a timely manner, or at all, in the event of a bankruptcy or other default by the seller. Since reverse repurchase agreements are generally overcollateralized by the Portfolio, failure of the counterparty to allow the Portfolio to repurchase the security could result in the loss of the excess collateral (“haircut”) posted by the Portfolio. Second, in the case of an increase in the value of the underlying security, the Portfolio would lose that additional value if the counterparty defaults on the second leg of the trade. Third, even if the counterparty eventually sells the collateral back to the Portfolio at the agreed upon price, the Portfolio would lose investment discretion over the security while the Portfolio is seeking to enforce its rights under the repurchase agreement, possibly resulting in a missed opportunity for the Portfolio to sell the security at an advantageous price.

Short Sales Risk. Short sales may cause the Portfolio to repurchase a security at a higher price, thereby causing the Portfolio to incur a loss. A short position in a security poses more risk than holding the same security long. As there is no limit on how much the price of the security can increase, the Portfolio’s exposure is unlimited. In order to establish a short position in a security, the Portfolio must borrow the security from a broker. The Portfolio may not always be able to borrow a security the Portfolio seeks to sell short at a particular time or at an acceptable price. The Portfolio also may not always be able to close out the short position by replacing the borrowed securities at a particular time or at an acceptable price. The Portfolio will incur increased transaction costs associated with selling securities short. In addition, taking short positions in securities results in a form of leverage which may cause the Portfolio to be volatile.

 

Until the Portfolio replaces a security borrowed in connection with a short sale, it may be required to segregate cash or liquid assets to cover the Portfolio’s short position. Generally, securities held in a segregated account cannot be sold unless they are replaced with other liquid assets. The Portfolio’s ability to access the segregated collateral may also be impaired in the event the broker becomes bankrupt, insolvent or otherwise fails to comply with its obligations. The Portfolio may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in these circumstances.

 

Stripped MBS Risk. Stripped mortgage-backed securities are a type of mortgage-backed security that receive differing proportions of the interest and principal payments from the underlying assets. Generally, there are two classes of stripped mortgage-backed securities: IO and PO.  The cash flows and yields on IOs and POs are extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying mortgage loans or mortgage-backed securities. A rapid rate of principal payments may adversely affect the yield to maturity of IOs. A slow rate of principal payments may adversely affect the yield to maturity of POs. If prepayments of principal are greater than anticipated, an investor in IOs may incur substantial losses. If prepayments of principal are slower than anticipated, the yield on a PO will be affected more severely than would be the case with a traditional mortgage-backed security.

 

Sub-Prime and Alt-A Mortgage Risk. Subprime loans refer to loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments on their loans. Alt-A loans refer to loans extended to borrowers who have incomplete documentation of income, assets, or other variables that are important to the credit underwriting process. The loan collateral backing some MBS may be considered "subprime" or “Alt-A” at the time of loan origination based on the lower credit quality or other risk factors of the borrower, making it more likely to default than loans considered "prime." The overall credit risk of MBS is a function of a number of factors, primarily the seniority of the bond in the capital structure, the amount and type of credit enhancement, and the type and performance of the loan collateral. Therefore, all else equal with respect to seniority and credit enhancement, MBS backed by subprime or Alt-A collateral pose more credit risk to the Portfolio than those backed by prime loan collateral. In addition, the Portfolio may experience difficulty in the management and reinvestment of its investments

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subprime or Alt-A mortgage loans due to fluctuating interest rates and market volatility and the Portfolio may incur losses on such investments.

 

TBA Securities Risk. The Portfolio may buy or sell TBA securities, particularly in the case of agency MBS, for which there is an extremely active, liquid market. TBA are forward-settling trades where the underlying pools of mortgage loans are not known at the time of the original transaction but that meet specified terms and are announced just before settlement based on a “cheapest-to-deliver” algorithm. These transactions are essentially futures transactions, involve when-issued securities, and can be short sales. Therefore, they involve all the risks associated with those instruments and transactions, described herein.

Value Style Investing Risk. Value investing strategies involve obtaining exposure to individual investments or market sectors that are out of favor and/or undervalued in comparison to their peers or their prospects for growth. Because different types of investments go out of favor with investors depending on market and economic conditions, the Portfolio’s return may be adversely affected during market downturns and when value investment strategies are out of favor.

When-Issued Securities Risk. The price or yield obtained in a when-issued transaction may be less favorable than the price or yield available in the market when the securities delivery takes place. Also, a when-issued security transaction has potentially more counterparty risk than a regularly settling trade because of the potentially extended settlement period, which increases the risk that the other party to the when-issued transaction fails to consummate the trade, resulting in a loss to the Portfolio or missed opportunity to profit from the trade.

 

Shares of the Portfolio are not bank deposits and are not guaranteed or insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

A description of the Portfolio’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Portfolio’s securities is available in the Trust’s Statement of Additional Information.

The Trust discloses the Portfolio’s top holdings on a calendar quarter basis with a one to three-week lag on its public website until they are included in the Trust’s next shareholder report or quarterly report. The Portfolio will make available complete month-end portfolio holdings information with a 30-day lag. Such information can be obtained by calling 1-800-807-FUND.

In addition, you may obtain complete Portfolio holdings information or other disclosure of holdings as required by applicable legal or regulatory requirements on a fiscal quarterly basis within two months after the end of the fiscal period by calling 1-800-807-FUND.

MANAGEMENT OF THE PORTFOLIO

The Manager

The Portfolio has entered into an Investment Management Agreement (“Management Agreement”) with James Alpha Advisors, LLC, located at 515 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022, under which the Manager manages the Portfolio’s investments subject to the

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supervision of the Board of Trustees. The Manager specializes in identifying, seeding, and growing alternative investments for institutional and individual investors, and is a registered investment adviser. As of [ ], 2018, the Manager managed approximately $[ ] million in assets. Under the Management Agreement, the Portfolio compensates the Manager for its management services at the annual rate of 1.20% of the Portfolio’s average daily net assets, payable on a monthly basis.

 

Subject to the general supervision of the Board of Trustees, the Manager is responsible for managing the Portfolio in accordance with its investment objectives and policies, and making recommendations with respect to the hiring, termination or replacement of sub-advisers. The Manager also maintains related records for the Portfolio.

 

The SEC has granted exemptive relief (the “Order”) to permit the Manager, subject to certain conditions, to enter into and materially amend investment sub-advisory agreements with certain affiliated and unaffiliated sub-advisers on behalf of the Portfolio without shareholder approval. This means that the Manager could reduce a sub-advisory fee and retain a larger percentage of the management fee or increase the sub-advisory fee and retain a smaller percentage of the management fee. Pursuant to the Order, the Manager is not required to disclose its contractual fee arrangements with any sub-adviser. Under a manager of managers structure, the Manager would have ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight of the Board of Trustees, for overseeing the Portfolio’s sub-advisers and recommending to the Board of Trustees their hiring, termination, or replacement. Within 90 days of retaining a sub-adviser, shareholders of the Portfolio will receive notification of the change. A manager of managers structure enables the Portfolio to operate with greater efficiency and without incurring the expense and delays associated with obtaining shareholder approval of sub-advisory agreements. The structure does not permit investment advisory fees paid by the Portfolio to be increased or change the Manager’s obligations under the investment advisory agreement, including the Manager’s responsibility to monitor and oversee sub-advisory services furnished to the Portfolio, without shareholder approval. The structure does not permit investment advisory fees paid by the Portfolio to be increased or change the Manager’s obligations under the investment advisory agreement, including the Manager’s responsibility to monitor and oversee sub-advisory services furnished to the Portfolio, without shareholder approval.

 

Portfolio Expenses. The Portfolio is responsible for its own operating expenses. Pursuant the Operating Expense Limitation Agreement, the Manager has agreed to reduce its management fees and/or pay expenses of the Portfolio to ensure that the total annual Portfolio operating expenses (excluding front end and contingent deferred sales loads, leverage, interest and tax expenses, dividends and interest on short positions, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger, reorganization or liquidation, extraordinary or non-routine expenses for the Portfolio and Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses) do not exceed 1.74%, 1.49% and 2.49% of the Portfolio’s average net assets, for Class A, Class I and Class C shares respectively, through March 31, 2020, subject thereafter to annual re-approval of the agreement by the Board of Trustees. Any reduction in advisory fees or payment of expenses made by the Manager may be reimbursed by the Portfolio in subsequent fiscal years if the Manager so requests. This reimbursement may be requested if the aggregate amount actually paid by the Manager toward operating expenses for such fiscal year (taking into account the reimbursement) does not exceed

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the applicable limitation on Portfolio expenses. The Manager is permitted to be reimbursed by the Portfolio for management fees waived and/or expense payments made by the Manager within three (3) years of the end of the fiscal year in which such fees were waived or expenses paid, as long as the reimbursement does not cause the Portfolio’s operating expenses to exceed (i) the expense cap in place at the time the management fees were waived or the expenses were incurred; or (ii) the current Expense Cap, whichever is less. Any such reimbursement will be reviewed and approved by the Board of Trustees. The Portfolio must pay its current ordinary operating expenses before the Manager is entitled to any reimbursement of management fees and/or expenses. This Operating Expense Limitation Agreement can be terminated during its term only by, or with the consent of, the Board of Trustees.

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the Management Agreement and the Sub-Advisory Agreement will be included in the Portfolio’s first report to shareholders issued after the commencement of the Portfolio’s operations.

The Sub-Adviser

The Manager, on behalf of the Portfolio, has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with Orange Investment Advisers, LLC and the Manager compensates the Sub-Adviser out of the investment advisory fees it receives from the Portfolio. The Sub-Adviser makes investment decisions for the assets it has been allocated to manage, subject to the overall supervision of the Manager. The Manager oversees the Sub-Adviser for compliance with the Portfolio’s investment objectives, policies, strategies and restrictions, and monitors the Sub-Adviser’s adherence to its investment style. The Board of Trustees supervises the Manager and the Sub-Adviser, establishes policies that they must follow in their management activities, and oversees the hiring and termination of sub-advisers recommended by the Manager.

The Sub-Adviser is a registered investment adviser located at 243 W. Park Avenue, Suite 201, Winter Park, FL 32789. The Sub-Adviser is a Delaware limited liability company that was formed in 2017. Its only client is the Portfolio. As of [ ], the Sub-Adviser had regulatory assets under management totaling approximately $[ ].

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

Jay Menozzi and Boris Peresechensky are responsible for the day-to-day management of the Portfolio. Akos Beleznay, Kevin R. Greene, Michael J. Montague, and James S. Vitalie are responsible for the oversight of the Portfolio’s day-to-day portfolio managers.

Jay Menozzi, a Chartered Financial Analyst, has been the Chief Investment Officer and a Portfolio Manager with the Sub-Adviser since October 2017. Prior to joining the Sub-Adviser, Mr. Menozzi held several positions over 17 years at Semper Capital LP. He joined Semper in 1999 as the Head of Mortgages, and most recently served as the firm’s Chief Investment Officer from 2010 until his departure in 2016, as well as Lead Portfolio Manager of the Semper MBS Total Return Fund from its inception through 2015. Prior to Semper, Mr. Menozzi spent 12 years at Atlantic Portfolio Analytics and Management. His experience included managing mortgage pass-throughs and mortgage derivatives, in long only and leveraged portfolios. Prior to managing portfolios, he spent four years developing analytical and operational systems, including one of

25 
 

the early CMO cash flow models. He began his career as an electrical engineer at Harris Corp. Mr. Menozzi holds a BS in Electrical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a MBA from the Florida Institute of Technology.

Boris Peresechensky, a Chartered Financial Analyst, has been a Portfolio Manager and Senior Trader with the Sub-Adviser since October 2017. Prior to joining the Sub-Adviser, Mr. Peresechensky held several positions at Semper Capital LP, working in research and development, structured credit trading, and most recently as a Senior Portfolio Manager/Trader of structured products. He also worked as a Risk Manager at Bayview Financial Trading Group and a Risk Analyst/Junior Portfolio Manager at HSBC Securities and at Lazard Asset Management. Mr. Peresechensky holds a BA from Columbia University.

Akos Beleznay serves as Chief Investment Officer of the Manager and is responsible for managing research and asset allocation for the Manager. Prior to joining the Manager, Mr. Beleznay was the Chief Investment Officer at Riverside, the asset management arm of HFR (Hedge Fund Research, Inc.) managing over one billion dollars of fund of hedge fund products. Before Riverside, Mr. Beleznay served as the Chief Investment Officer at Commerce Asset Management and CSG Asset Management with responsibility for managing funds of hedge funds and a hedge fund index replication product. Mr. Beleznay also served as the Director of Consulting Research for Equitas Capital Advisors, LLC from 2002 to 2010 and the Chief Investment Officer of Equitas Evergreen Fund LP, a fund of hedge funds with $300 million in assets, from 2003 to 2010. Mr. Beleznay has a PhD degree in Physics from Eotvos Lorand University, Hungary and an MBA from Tulane University.

Kevin R. Greene serves as a Managing Partner of the Manager, and is responsible for overseeing the day to day management of the firm. Mr. Greene is the former Chairman & CEO of Capital Resource Holdings, LLC the holding company parent of CRA RogersCasey, one of the leading pension consulting firms in the United States. Prior to CRA RogersCasey, he founded Bryant Park Capital, a privately held investment bank specializing in private equity financing and mergers and acquisitions for both private and public companies in the U.S. and Europe. Since 1991, Mr. Greene has served as the Chairman and CEO of KR Group, an international consulting and investment banking firm which he founded.

Michael J. Montague serves as Chief Operating Officer of the Manager and is responsible for daily operations of the Manager as well as independent risk monitoring for the Manager’s funds. Most recently Mr. Montague worked as a Portfolio Manager for a global macro fund primarily responsible for commodity research and trading. Mr. Montague previously served as a Portfolio Manager for Chapin Hill Advisors, Inc., overseeing asset allocation, trading, and investment activity. Prior to Chapin Hill Advisors, Mr. Montague served as a Portfolio Manager for the Cayuga MBA Fund LLC, a long/short equity hedge fund. He began his career with Schlumberger where he spent six years working as a Senior Geophysicist in Schlumberger’s Oilfield Services division.

James S. Vitalie serves as Chief Executive Officer of the Manager and has over 20 years of experience successfully building financial services firms. Formerly the Institutional Group Head of Old Mutual Capital serving on the Executive and Product Development Committees, Mr. Vitalie was responsible for distribution and marketing of mutual funds, separate accounts and registered hedge fund of fund products. Prior to Old Mutual, Mr. Vitalie was the President of Curian Capital, an industry leading managed account platform. At Curian, Mr. Vitalie created the

26 
 

infrastructure of the asset management firm, developed and executed its strategic plan, and served as the Chairman of the Investment Policy Committee. Additionally, Mr. Vitalie was President of Foliofn Institutional, a financial services and technology company. As President of Century Business Services (CBZ) Retirement and Wealth Management Services division Mr. Vitalie created the strategic direction of the company, led the acquisition and integration efforts for the division and established their broker dealer and registered investment advisor. While at CBZ Mr. Vitalie was also responsible for securing the financing and launching of Allbridge Solutions as well as serving as its President and COO. Prior to CBZ, Mr. Vitalie was a partner at The Benefits Group, where he was responsible for the pension and investment services group. Lastly, Mr. Vitalie practiced corporate transactional law at Eckert, Seamans, Cherin & Mellott. Mr. Vitalie is also an officer of the Trust.

The SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by the Portfolio Managers and the Portfolio Managers’ ownership of securities in the Portfolio.

Supervision

Saratoga Capital Management, LLC (“SCM”), 1616 N. Litchfield Rd., Suite 165, Goodyear, Arizona 85395, serves the Portfolio in a supervision capacity with responsibility to monitor the performance of the Portfolio’s outside service providers (other than sub-advisers, if any, which are monitored by the Manager), assist in the review of financial statements and other regulatory filings and board meeting materials related to the Portfolio. As of [ ], 2018, SCM had approximately $[ ] million in assets under management. Pursuant to the supervision agreement with the Portfolio, the Portfolio pays SCM an annual supervision fee of the greater of $15,000 or 0.10% of the Portfolio’s average daily net assets, payable on a monthly basis, which fee decreases at various asset levels. SCM, a Delaware limited liability company, also acts as investment manager to certain other portfolios of the Saratoga Advantage Trust (the “Saratoga Funds”).

 

The Trust is designed to help investors to implement an asset allocation strategy to meet their individual needs as well as select individual investments within each asset category among the myriad of choices available. The Trust makes available assistance to help certain investors identify their risk tolerance and investment objectives through use of an investor questionnaire, and to select an appropriate model allocation of assets among the portfolios of the Trust. As further assistance, the Trust makes available to certain investors the option of automatic reallocation or rebalancing of their selected model. The Trust also provides, on a periodic basis, a report to the investor containing an analysis and evaluation of the investor’s account. Shares of the Portfolio and the Saratoga Funds are offered to participants in investment advisory programs that provide asset allocation recommendations to investors based on an evaluation of each investor’s objectives and risk tolerance. An asset allocation methodology developed by SCM, the Saratoga Strategic Horizon Asset Reallocation Program® (the “SaratogaSHARP® Program”), may be utilized in this regard by investment advisers that have entered into agreements with SCM. SCM receives a fee from the investment advisers with whom it has entered into such agreements. Shares of the Portfolio and the Saratoga Funds are also available to other investors and advisory services.

 

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Pursuant to the SaratogaSHARP® Program, SCM may suggest to the investment advisers that SCM has entered into agreements with in connection with the SaratogaSHARP® Program the allocation to the Portfolio of the assets of one or more Saratoga Funds (each, a “sleeve”). Any such allocation would increase the Portfolio’s assets and, therefore, the management fees of the Portfolio payable to the Manager. Conversely, such allocation would decrease the management fees of the Saratoga Funds payable to SCM, which acts as supervisor but not investment adviser to the Portfolio. The Manager has agreed to reimburse SCM an amount equivalent to any reduction in management fees that SCM experiences as a result of the allocation of one or more sleeves of the Saratoga Funds to the Portfolio, less any supervision fees that SCM receives from the sleeve that is allocated to the Portfolio. Any such reimbursement will be paid by the Manager and not out of the assets of the Portfolio.

Administration

The Bank of New York Mellon, located at 225 Liberty Street, New York, New York 10286, is the custodian of the assets of the Trust.

Gemini Fund Services, LLC, located at 17605 Wright Street, Suite 2, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, serves as the Trust’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”).

Gemini Fund Services, LLC, located at 80 Arkay Drive, Suite 110, Hauppauge, New York 11788, provides administrative (including custody administration) and fund accounting services to the Trust. As such, they manage the administrative affairs of the Trust, calculate the NAV of the shares of the Portfolio, and create and maintain the Trust’s required financial records.

SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

Pricing Of Portfolio Shares

The price of shares of the Portfolio, called “net asset value” or “NAV,” is based on the value of the Portfolio’s investments.

 

The NAV per share of the Portfolio is determined once daily at the close of trading on the NYSE (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day that the NYSE is open. Shares will not be priced on days that the NYSE is closed.

 

Generally, the Portfolio’s securities are valued each day at the last quoted sales price on each security’s primary securities exchange. Securities traded or dealt in upon one or more securities exchanges (whether domestic or foreign, and including the National Association of Securities Dealers’ Automated Quotation System (“NASDAQ”)) for which market quotations are readily available and not subject to restrictions against resale shall be valued at the last quoted sales price on the primary securities exchange (or in the case of NASDAQ securities, at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price) or, in the absence of a sale on the primary exchange, at the mean between the current bid and ask prices on the primary exchange. When a market price is not readily available, including circumstances under which the Manager determines that a security’s market price is not accurate, a portfolio security is valued by a pricing committee at its fair value, as

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determined under procedures established by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. In these cases, the Portfolio’s NAV will reflect certain portfolio securities’ fair value rather than their market price.

 

Debt securities with remaining maturities of sixty days or less at the time of purchase may be valued at amortized cost. The amortized cost valuation method involves valuing a debt obligation in reference to its cost rather than market forces.

 

In addition, with respect to securities that primarily are listed on a foreign exchange, when an event occurs after the close of a foreign exchange that is likely to have changed the value of the foreign securities (for example, a percentage change in value of one or more U.S. securities indices in excess of specified thresholds), such securities will be valued at their fair value, as determined under procedures established by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. Securities also may be fair valued in the event of a development effecting a country or region or an issuer-specific development, which is likely to have changed the value of the security. To the extent that the Portfolio invests in ETFs, the Portfolio’s NAV is calculated, in relevant part, based upon the NAVs of such ETFs (which are registered open-end management investment companies). The prospectuses for these ETFs explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.

 

Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security.

 

The Portfolio’s current NAV per share is made available on the Portfolio’s website at www.saratogacap.com.

 

Purchase Of Shares

Purchase of shares of the Portfolio must be made through a Financial Intermediary having a sales agreement with Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, the Portfolio’s distributor (the “Distributor”), or through a broker or intermediary designated by that Financial Intermediary, or directly through the Transfer Agent. Shares of the Portfolio are available to participants in consulting programs and to other investors and to investment advisory services. Purchase requests received by the Portfolio in proper form prior to the close of regular trading on the NYSE will be effected at the NAV per share determined on that day. Requests received after the close of regular trading will receive the NAV per share determined on the following business day. A purchase order is deemed to be received by the Portfolio when it is received in good order by the Transfer Agent or by a Financial Intermediary, or a broker or intermediary designated by a Financial Intermediary, authorized to accept purchase orders on behalf of the Trust. The Portfolio, however, reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject any application to purchase shares. Applications will not be accepted unless they are accompanied by a check drawn on a U.S. bank, thrift institution, or credit union in U.S. funds for the full amount of the shares to be purchased. After you open your account, you may purchase additional shares by sending a check together with written instructions stating the name(s) on the account and the account number, to the appropriate address noted below. Make all checks payable to the Portfolio. The Portfolio will not accept payment in cash, including cashier’s checks or money orders. Also, to prevent check fraud, the Portfolio will not accept third party checks, U.S. Treasury checks, credit card checks, or starter checks for the purchase of shares. Not all share

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classes may be available in all states.

 

Note: Gemini Fund Services, LLC, the Portfolio’s Transfer Agent, will charge a $25 fee against a shareholder’s account, in addition to any loss sustained by the Portfolio, for any check returned to the transfer agent for insufficient funds.

 

For more information regarding the purchase of shares, contact the Trust at 1-800-807-FUND.

Information regarding transaction processing and the establishment of new accounts should be sent to:

via Regular Mail via Overnight Mail

The Saratoga Advantage Trust

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

P.O. Box 541150

Omaha, NE 68154

The Saratoga Advantage Trust

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

17605 Wright Street, Suite 2

Omaha, NE 68130

 

If you wish to wire money to make a subsequent investment in the Portfolio, please call 1-800-807-FUND to receive wiring instructions and to notify the Portfolio that a wire transfer is coming. Any commercial bank can transfer same-day funds by wire. The Portfolio will normally accept wired funds for investment on the day of receipt provided that such funds are received by the Portfolio’s designated bank before the close of regular trading on the NYSE. Your bank may charge you a fee for wiring same-day funds.

PURCHASE OF SHARES IN GOOD ORDER. All purchase requests directly through the Transfer Agent must be received by the transfer agent in “good order.” This means that your request must include:

·The Portfolio and account number.
·The amount of the transaction (in dollars or shares).
·Accurately completed orders.
·Any supporting legal documentation that may be required.

 

If you are purchasing shares through a Financial Intermediary, please consult your intermediary for purchase instructions. Orders to purchase shares through a Financial Intermediary will be effected at the NAV per share next determined after the purchase order has been received in good order by the Financial Intermediary. The Trust makes available assistance to help certain investors identify their risk tolerance and investment objectives through use of an investor questionnaire, and to select an appropriate model allocation of assets among the Portfolio and the Saratoga Funds. As further assistance, the Trust makes available to certain investors the option of automatic reallocation or rebalancing of their selected model. The Trust also provides, on a periodic basis, a report to the investor containing an analysis and evaluation of the investor’s account.

 

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Financial Intermediaries may charge a processing or service fee in connection with the purchase or redemption of Portfolio shares, or other fees. The amount and applicability of such a fee is determined and disclosed to its customers by each individual Financial Intermediary. Processing or service fees typically are fixed, nominal dollar amounts and are in addition to the sales and other charges described in this Prospectus. Your Financial Intermediary will provide you with specific information about any processing or service fees you will be charged.

 

To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. What this means to you: when you open an account we will ask your name, address, date of birth, and other information that will allow us to identify you. If you are unable to verify your identity, we reserve the right to restrict additional transactions and/or liquidate your account at the next calculated NAV after your account is closed (less any applicable sales/account charges and /or tax penalties) or take any other action required by law.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISORY PROGRAMS. The Trust is designed to allow Consulting Programs and other investment advisory programs to relieve investors of the burden of devising an asset allocation strategy to meet their individual needs as well as selecting individual investments within each asset category among the myriad of available choices. Generally, the Consulting Programs provide advisory services in connection with investments among the Trust’s portfolios by identifying the investor’s risk tolerance and investment objectives through evaluation of an investor questionnaire; identifying and recommending an appropriate allocation of assets among the Trust’s portfolios that is intended to conform to such risk tolerance and objectives in a recommendation; and providing, on a periodic basis, an analysis and evaluation of the investor’s account and recommending any appropriate changes in the allocation of assets among the Trust’s portfolios. The investment advisers for the Consulting Programs are also responsible for reviewing the asset allocation recommendations and performance reports with the investor, providing any interpretations, monitoring identified changes in the investor’s financial characteristics and the implementation of investment decisions.

 

The investment advisers in the Consulting Programs may use SCM’s SaratogaSHARPÒ Program in assisting their clients in translating investor needs, preferences and attitudes into suggested portfolio allocations. In addition, SCM may provide some or all of the administrative services to the investment advisers for the Consulting Programs such as the preparation, printing and processing of investment questionnaires and investment literature and other client communications. SCM receives a fee from the investment adviser for these services.

 

The additional fee payable by the client for the Consulting Programs is subject to negotiation between the client and his or her investment advisor and is paid directly by each advisory client to his or her investment advisor either by redemption of Trust portfolio shares or by separate payment.

 

OTHER ADVISORY PROGRAMS. Shares of the Trust’s portfolio are also available for purchase by certain registered investment advisers (other than the investment advisers for the Consulting Programs) as a means of implementing asset allocation recommendations based on an investor’s investment objectives and risk tolerance. In order to qualify to purchase shares on behalf of its clients, the investment adviser must be approved by SCM. Investors purchasing

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shares through these investment advisory programs will bear different fees for different levels of services as agreed upon with the investment advisers offering the programs. Registered investment advisers interested in utilizing the Trust’s portfolios for the purposes described above should call 1-800-807-FUND (1-800-807-3863).

CONTINUOUS OFFERING. For Class A and Class C shares of the Portfolio, the minimum initial investment in the Portfolio is $2,500. For Class I shares of the Portfolio, the minimum initial investment in the Portfolio is $1 million, which minimum would be waived for an investment adviser/broker making an allocation to the Portfolio’s Class I shares aggregating $1 million or more within 90 days. If the adviser/broker does not purchase $1 million or more in the aggregate within 90 days, then the adviser/broker’s next purchase would have to be for a minimum of the difference between $1 million and the aggregate total invested during the 90 days until aggregate purchases total $1 million or more (e.g., if the adviser/broker’s aggregate purchases within 90 days total $500,000 then the adviser/broker would have to make a single aggregate purchase of at least $500,000 to make future purchases of less than $1 million). In addition, the minimum initial investment for Class I shares of the Portfolio may be waived for certain investments, including sales through banks, broker-dealers and other financial institutions in: (i) discretionary and non-discretionary sponsored advisory programs; (ii) fund supermarkets; (iii) asset allocation programs; (iv) certain retirement plans investing directly with the Portfolio; (v) retirement plans investing through certain retirement plan platforms; and (vi) certain endowments, foundations and other not-for-profit entities investing directly with the Portfolio. With respect to each share class, investments made in response to the SaratogaSHARP® asset allocation program’s allocations and reallocations will not be subject to a minimum initial investment. For employees and relatives of the Manager, the Sub-Adviser, SCM, firms distributing shares of the Trust, and the Trust service providers and their affiliates, the minimum initial investment in the Trust is $1,000 with no minimum for any individual Saratoga Fund and the Portfolio. With respect to Class A shares and Class C shares, there is no minimum initial investment for employee benefit plans, mutual fund platform programs, supermarket programs, associations, and individual retirement accounts. The minimum subsequent investment in the Trust is $100, except for employee benefit plans, mutual fund platform programs, supermarket programs, associations and individual retirement accounts, which have no minimum subsequent investment requirements. There is no minimum subsequent investment for the Portfolio or for a Saratoga Fund. The Trust reserves the right at any time to vary the initial and subsequent investment minimums.

 

The Trust offers an Automatic Investment Plan under which purchase orders of $100 or more for Class A shares may be placed periodically in the Trust. The purchase price is paid automatically from cash held in the shareholder’s designated account. For further information regarding the Automatic Investment Plan, shareholders should contact their representative or the Trust at 1-800-807-FUND (1-800-807-3863).

 

The sale of shares will be suspended during any period when the determination of NAV is suspended and may be suspended by the Board of Trustees whenever the Board judges it to be in the best interest of the Trust to do so. The Distributor in its sole discretion, may accept or reject any purchase order.

 

The Manager and/or Distributor may from time to time provide compensation to dealers in connection with sales of shares of the Trust, including financial assistance to dealers in

32 
 

connection with conferences, sales or training programs for their employees, seminars for the public and advertising campaigns.

 

Generally, the Portfolio reserves the right to reject any purchase requests, including exchanges from the other Saratoga Funds that it regards as disruptive to efficient portfolio management. A purchase request could be rejected because of, amongst other things, the timing or amount of the investment or because of a history of excessive trading by the investor.

Class C Shares Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

Class C shares are sold at NAV next determined without an initial sales charge so that the full amount of an investor’s purchase payment may be invested in the Trust. A CDSC of 1%, however, will be imposed on most Class C shares redeemed within one year after purchase. The CDSC will be imposed on any redemption of Class C shares if after such redemption the aggregate current value of an account with the Trust falls below the aggregate amount of the investor’s purchase payments for Class C shares made during the one year preceding the redemption. In addition, Class C shares are subject to an annual 12b-1 fee of 1.00% of the average daily net assets. Class C shares of the Trust which are held for one year or more after purchase will not be subject to any CDSC upon redemption. The CDSC is based upon the investors original purchase price. Any CDSC paid on the redemptions of Class C shares expressed as a percentage of the applicable redemption amount may be higher or lower than the charge described due to rounding.

 

Brokers that have entered into selling agreements with the Portfolio’s distributor may receive a commission of up to 1.00% of the purchase price of Class C shares at the time of purchase. Brokers may also receive distribution and/or shareholder service fees for Class C shares held for over a year.

 

Certain shareholders may be eligible for CDSC waivers. Please see the information set forth below for specific eligibility requirements. You must notify your authorized Financial Intermediary or the Transfer Agent at the time a purchase order is placed that the purchase (or redemption) qualifies for a CDSC waiver. Similar notification must be made in writing when an order is placed by mail. The CDSC waiver will not be granted if: (i) notification is not furnished at the time of order; or (ii) a review of the records of the authorized dealer of the Portfolio’s shares or the Trust’s Transfer Agent does not confirm your represented holdings. In order to verify your eligibility, you may be required to provide account statements and/or confirmations regarding shares of the Portfolio or other Trust portfolios.

 

CDSC WAIVERS. A CDSC will not be imposed on: (i) any amount which represents an increase in value of shares purchased within the one year preceding the redemption; (ii) the current NAV of shares purchased more than one year prior to the redemption; and (iii) the current NAV of shares purchased through reinvestment of dividends or distributions. Moreover, in determining whether a CDSC is applicable it will be assumed that amounts described in (i), (ii), and (iii) above (in that order) are redeemed first.

 

In addition, the CDSC, if otherwise applicable, will be waived in the case of:

 

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(1)   redemptions of Class C shares held at the time a shareholder dies or becomes disabled, only if the Class C shares are: (a) registered either in the name of an individual shareholder (not a trust), or in the names of such shareholder and his or her spouse as joint tenants with right of survivorship; or (b) held in a qualified corporate or self-employed retirement plan, Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”) or Custodial Account under Section 403(b)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) (“403(b) Custodial Account”), provided in either case that the redemption is requested within one year of the death or initial determination of disability;

 

(2)redemptions in connection with the following retirement plan distributions: (a) lump-sum or other distributions from a qualified corporate or self-employed retirement plan following retirement (or, in the case of a “key employee” of a “top heavy” plan, following attainment of age 59 1/2); (b) distributions from an IRA or 403(b) Custodial Account following attainment of age 70 1/2; or (c) a tax-free return of an excess contribution to an IRA; and

 

(3)certain redemptions pursuant to the Portfolio’s Systematic Withdrawal Plan (see "Redemption of Shares—Systematic Withdrawal Plan").

 

With reference to (1) above, for the purpose of determining disability, the Distributor utilizes the definition of disability contained in Section 72(m)(7) of the Code, which relates to the inability to engage in gainful employment. With reference to (2) above, the term "distribution" does not encompass a direct transfer of an IRA, 403(b) Custodial Account or retirement plan assets to a successor custodian or trustee. All waivers will be granted only following receipt by the Distributor of written confirmation of the shareholder’s entitlement.

 

CHOOSING A SHARE CLASS

 

Description of Classes. The Portfolio has adopted a multiple class plan that allows it to offer one or more classes of shares. The Portfolio has four classes of shares – Class I shares, Class A shares, Class C shares, and Class S shares. Only Class I shares, Class A shares and Class C shares are offered in this Prospectus. Class S shares are offered through a separate Prospectus. The different classes of shares represent investments in the same portfolio of securities, but the classes are subject to different expenses and may have different share prices as outlined below:

 

·Class I shares are no-load shares that do not require that you pay a sales charge. If you purchase Class I shares of the Portfolio you will pay the NAV next determined after your order is received.

 

·Class A shares are charged a front-end sales load. The Class A shares are also charged a 0.25% annual Rule 12b-1 distribution and servicing fee. Class A shares do not have a contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) except that a charge of 1% applies to certain redemptions made within twelve months, following purchases of $1 million or more without an initial sales charge. The sales charge for Class A shares is 5.75% of the offering price. However, this sales charge may be reduced or waived as described in
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“Class A Shares Reduced Sales Charge Information.”

 

·Class C shares are sold without an initial sales charge, however a CDSC of 1% will be imposed on most shares redeemed within one year after purchase. Certain shareholders may be eligible for CDSC waivers, as described in “CDSC Waivers”. The Class C shares are also charged a 1.00% annual Rule 12b-1 distribution and servicing fee.

 

More About Class A Shares

Class A shares of the Portfolio are retail shares that require that you pay a sales charge when you invest unless you qualify for a reduction or waiver of the sales charge. Class A shares are also subject to Rule 12b-1 fees (or distribution and service fees) described earlier of 0.25% annually of average daily net assets, which are assessed against the shares of the Portfolio.

 

If you purchase Class A shares of the Portfolio you will pay the public offering price (“POP”), which is the NAV next determined after your order is received plus a sales charge (shown in percentages below) depending on the amount of your investment. Since sales charges are reduced for Class A share purchases above certain dollar amounts, known as “breakpoint levels,” the POP is lower for these purchases. The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the POP of the shares purchased (based on the applicable sales charge in the table below) and the NAV of those shares. Because of rounding in the calculation of the POP, the actual sales charge you pay may be more or less than that calculated using the percentages shown in the table below. The sales charge does not apply to shares purchased with reinvested dividends. The sales charge is calculated as follows:

Class A Shares Reduced Sales Charge Information

Certain shareholders may be eligible for reduced sales charges (i.e., breakpoint discounts), CDSC waivers and eligibility minimums. Please see the information set forth below for specific eligibility requirements. You must notify your authorized Financial Intermediary or the Transfer Agent at the time a purchase order is placed that the purchase (or redemption) qualifies for a reduced sales charge (i.e., breakpoint discount), CDSC waiver or eligibility minimum. Similar notification must be made in writing when an order is placed by mail. The reduced sales charge, CDSC waiver or eligibility minimum will not be granted if: (i) notification is not furnished at the time of order; or (ii) a review of the records of the authorized dealer of the Portfolio’s shares or the Trust’s transfer agent does not confirm your represented holdings. The Portfolio makes available (free of charge) information regarding sales charge waivers and discounts at www.saratogacap.com.

 

In order to obtain a reduced sales charge (i.e., breakpoint discount) or to meet an eligibility minimum, it may be necessary at the time of purchase for you to inform your authorized financial representative or the transfer agent of the existence of other accounts in which there are holdings eligible to be aggregated to meet the sales load breakpoints or eligibility minimums. In order to verify your eligibility, you may be required to provide account statements and/or confirmations regarding shares of the Portfolio or other Saratoga Funds held in all related accounts described below, as well as shares held by related parties, such as members of the same family or household, in order to determine whether you have met a sales load breakpoint or

35 
 

eligibility minimum.

 

You can qualify for a reduction of the sales charge by investing one lump sum in Class A shares of the Portfolio. You can also qualify for a sales charge reduction or waiver through a right of accumulation or a letter of intent if you are a U.S. resident. See the discussions of “Right of Accumulation” and “Letter of Intent” below. If you are a U.S. resident and are investing more than $50,000, then you will pay a reduced sales charge. The following chart shows the sales charge you will pay based on the amount of your purchase. You can purchase Class A shares without any initial sales charge if you are a U.S. resident and invest $1 million or more in Class A shares.

 

Class A Reduced Sales Charge For U.S. Residents

Amount of Purchase Sales Charge as a
Percentage of
Offering Price 1
Sales Charge as a
Percentage of
Net Investment
(Net Asset Value)
Broker Reallowance
as a Percentage
of Offering Price 2
Less than $50,000 5.75% 6.10% 5.00%
$50,000 but less than $100,000 4.50% 4.71% 3.75%
$100,000 but less than $250,000 3.50% 3.63% 2.75%
$250,000 but less than $500,000 2.50% 2.56% 2.00%
$500,000 but less than $1,000,000 2.00% 2.04% 1.75%
$1,000,000 or more3,4 None None None

 

1.Offering price includes the front-end sales load. The sales charge you pay may differ slightly from the amount set forth above because of rounding that occurs in the calculation used to determine your sales charge.
2.At the discretion of the Trust, however, the entire sales charge may at times be reallowed to dealers. The staff of the SEC has indicated that dealers who receive more than 90% of the sales charge may be considered underwriters.
3.Class A shares that are purchased at NAV in amounts of $1,000,000 or more may be assessed a 1.00% CDSC, if they are redeemed within twelve months from the date of purchase. See “More About Class A Shares” above for further information.
4.The Manager may pay, monthly in 12 equal installments, certain commissions to brokers who initiate and are responsible for purchases by any single purchaser who is a resident of the United States as follows: for purchases of $1 million to $ 3 million, the Manager will pay 0.75%, plus 0.50% on any amounts over $3 million up to $50 million, and 0.25% on any amounts over $50 million.

 

Right Of Accumulation

For the purposes of determining the applicable reduced sales charge, the right of accumulation allows you to include prior purchases of Class A shares of any of the Trust’s portfolios as part of your current investment as well as reinvested dividends. To qualify for this option, you must be either:

·an individual;
·an individual and spouse purchasing shares for your own account or trust or custodial accounts for your minor children; or
36 
 
·a fiduciary purchasing for any one trust, estate or fiduciary account, including employee benefit plans created under Sections 401, 403 or 457 of the Code, including related plans of the same employer.

If you plan to rely on this right of accumulation, you must notify the Distributor at the time of your purchase. You will need to give the Distributor your account numbers. Existing holdings of family members or other related accounts of a shareholder may be combined for purposes of determining eligibility. If applicable, you will need to provide the account numbers of your spouse and your minor children as well as the ages of your minor children.

Letter Of Intent

The letter of intent allows you to count all investments within a 13-month period in Class A shares of any of the Trust’s portfolios as if you were making them all at once for the purposes of calculating the applicable reduced sales charges. The minimum initial investment under a letter of intent is 5% of the total letter of intent amount. The letter of intent does not preclude the Portfolio from discontinuing sales of its shares. You may include a purchase not originally made pursuant to a letter of intent under a letter of intent entered into within 90 days of the original purchase. To determine the applicable sales charge reduction, you may also include (1) the cost of shares of a Trust’s portfolio which were previously purchased at a price including a front-end sales charge during the 90-day period prior to the Distributor receiving the letter of intent, and (2) the historical cost of shares of other Trust portfolios you currently own acquired in exchange for shares of Trust portfolios purchased during that period at a price including a front-end sales charge. You may combine purchases and exchanges by family members (limited to spouse and children, under the age of 21, living in the same household). You should retain any records necessary to substantiate historical costs because the Trust, its transfer agent and any financial intermediaries may not maintain this information. Shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends are not aggregated to achieve the stated investment goal.

CLASS A SHARES SALES CHARGE WAIVERS

The sales charge on purchases of Class A shares is waived for certain types of investors, including:

  • Employees of broker-dealers or other financial institutions (including registered investment advisors and financial planners) having agreements with the Distributor or SCM (a “Selling Representative”) and their immediate families (or any trust, pension, profit sharing or other benefit plan for the benefit of such persons).
  • Employees of a bank, savings and loan, credit union or other financial institution that utilize a Selling Representative to clear purchases of the Trust’s shares and their immediate families.
  • Participants in certain “wrap-fee” programs, mutual fund platform programs, supermarket programs, or asset allocation programs or other fee-based arrangements sponsored by broker-dealers and other financial institutions.
  • 37 
     
  • Clients of financial intermediaries use the shares in particular investment products made available to such clients and for which such registered investment advisors may charge a separate fee.
  • Institutional investors (which may include bank trust departments and registered investment advisors).
  • Any accounts established on behalf of registered investment advisors or their clients by broker-dealers that charge a transaction fee.
  • Insurance company separate accounts, separate accounts used to fund certain unregistered variable annuity contracts, Section 403(b), 401(a) or 401(k) accounts, and college savings plans organized under Section 529 of the Code.
  • Employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plans with total plan assets of at least $1 million where the plan’s investments in the Trust are part of an omnibus account. A minimum initial investment of $1 million in the Trust is required. SCM in its sole discretion may waive these minimum dollar requirements.
  • Reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividends.

 

Whether a sales charge waiver is available for your retirement plan or charitable account depends upon the policies and procedures of your intermediary. Please consult your financial adviser for further information.

 

CLASS A SHARES CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE

Class A shares may be redeemed on each business day without charge at NAV per share next determined, except in the case of investors who paid no initial sales charge because they invested $1 million or more, in which case the investor will pay a 1.00% Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (“CDSC”) on shares redeemed within one year after purchase. The CDSC is based upon the investor’s original purchase price. Any CDSC paid on the redemptions of Class A shares expressed as a percentage of the applicable redemption amount may be higher or lower than the charge described due to rounding. Brokers may receive distribution and/or shareholder service fees for Class A shares.

Plan Of Distribution

The Portfolio has adopted a Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “Plan”) with respect to the sale and distribution of Class A shares and Class C shares of the Portfolio. The Plan provides that the Portfolio will pay the Distributor or other entities, including the Manager and SCM, a fee, which is accrued daily and paid monthly, at the annual rate of 0.25% for Class A shares and 1.00% for Class C shares of the average net assets of each share class. A portion of the fee payable pursuant to the Plan equal to 0.25% of the average daily net assets, is currently characterized as a service fee as such term is defined under Rule 2830 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) Conduct Rules and it may be paid directly to the Manager, SCM or other entities for providing support services. A service fee is a

38 
 

payment made for personal service and/or the maintenance of shareholder accounts. The fee is treated by the Portfolio as an expense in the year it is accrued. Because the fee is paid out of the Portfolio’s assets on an ongoing basis, over time the fee may increase the costs of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of service charges.

 

Additional amounts paid under the Plan are paid to the Distributor or other entities for services provided and the expenses borne by the Distributor and others in the distribution of the shares, including the payment of commissions for sales of the shares and incentive compensation to and expenses of dealers and others who engage in or support distribution of shares or who service shareholder accounts, including overhead and telephone expenses; printing and distribution of prospectuses and reports used in connection with the offering of the Portfolio’s shares to other than current shareholders; and preparation, printing and distribution of sales literature and advertising materials. In addition, the Distributor or other entities may utilize fees paid pursuant to the Plan to compensate dealers or other entities for their opportunity costs in advancing such amounts, which compensation would be in the form of a carrying charge on any unreimbursed expenses.

 

Frequent Purchases And Redemptions Of Trust Shares

“Market-timing” often times involves the frequent purchases and redemptions of shares of the Portfolio by shareholders, and “market-timing” may present risks for other shareholders of the Portfolio, which may include, among other things, dilution in the value of Portfolio shares held by long-term shareholders, interference with the efficient management of the Portfolio, increased brokerage and administrative costs, incurring unwanted taxable gains, and forcing the Portfolio to hold excess levels of cash.

 

Short term trading strategies also present certain risks based on the Portfolio’s investment objectives, strategies and policies. To the extent that the Portfolio invests substantially in foreign securities it is particularly susceptible to the risk that market timers may take advantage of time zone differences. The foreign securities in which the Portfolio invests may be traded on foreign markets that close well before the Portfolio calculates its NAV. This gives rise to the possibility that developments may have occurred in the interim that would affect the value of these securities. A market timer may seek to capitalize on these time zone differences by purchasing shares of the Portfolio based on events occurring after foreign market closing prices are established, but before the Portfolio’s NAV calculation, that are likely to result in higher prices in foreign markets the following day (“time zone arbitrage”). The market timer might redeem the Portfolio’s shares the next day when the Portfolio’s share price would reflect the increased prices in foreign markets, for a quick profit at the expense of long-term Portfolio shareholders.

 

Investments in other types of securities may also be susceptible to short-term trading strategies. These investments include securities that are, among other things, thinly traded, traded infrequently, or relatively illiquid, which have the risk that the current market price for the securities may not accurately reflect current market values. A shareholder may seek to engage in short-term trading to take advantage of these pricing differences (referred to as “price arbitrage”). To the extent that the Portfolio invests in small capitalization securities, technology and other specific industry sector securities, and in certain fixed-income securities, such as high-yield bonds (also referred to as junk bonds) or municipal bonds, the Portfolio may be adversely

39 
 

affected by price arbitrage trading strategies.

 

The Trust discourages frequent purchases and redemptions of Portfolio shares by Portfolio shareholders and the Trust’s Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures with respect to such frequent purchases and redemptions. The Trust does not accommodate frequent purchases and sales by Portfolio shareholders. Shareholders will be charged a redemption fee of 2% of the value of shares being redeemed, if shares are redeemed within 30 days of purchase. The Trust’s policies with respect to purchases, redemptions and exchanges of Portfolio shares are described in the “Purchase of Shares” and “Redemption of Shares” sections of this Prospectus. Except as described in these sections, the Trust’s policies regarding frequent trading of Portfolio shares are applied uniformly to all shareholders. The Trust requires all intermediaries to enforce all of the Trust’s policies contained in this Prospectus and in the Trust’s Statement of Additional Information. Omnibus accounts intermediaries generally do not identify customers’ trading activity to the Trust on an individual basis. The ability of the Trust to monitor exchanges made by the underlying shareholders in omnibus accounts, therefore, is severely limited. Consequently, the Trust must rely on the Financial Intermediary to monitor frequent short-term trading within the Portfolio by the Financial Intermediary’s customers. The Trust monitors enforcement by Financial Intermediaries, and if a Financial Intermediary fails to enforce the Trust’s restrictions, the Trust may take certain actions, including terminating the relationship. There can be no assurance that the Trust will be able to eliminate all market-timing activities.

 

Certain patterns of past exchanges and/or purchase or redemption transactions involving the Portfolio may result in the Portfolio sending a warning letter, rejecting, limiting or prohibiting, at its sole discretion and without prior notice, additional purchases and/or exchanges. Determinations in this regard may be made based on, amongst other things, the frequency or dollar amount of the previous exchanges or purchase or redemption transactions.

 

REDEMPTION OF SHARES

Shares of the Portfolio may be redeemed on any day that the Portfolio calculates its NAV. Redemption requests received by the Trust in proper form prior to the close of regular trading on the NYSE will be effected at the NAV per share determined on that day. Redemption requests received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE will be effected at the NAV next determined by the Trust. A redemption order is deemed to be received by the Trust when it is received in good order by the Transfer Agent or by a Financial Intermediary authorized to accept redemption orders on behalf of the Trust. Orders to redeem shares through a Financial Intermediary will receive the NAV per share next determined after the redemption request has been received in good order by the Financial Intermediary. The Portfolio is required to transmit redemption proceeds for credit to the shareholder’s account within seven days after receipt of a redemption request. However, payments for redemptions of shares purchased by check will not be transmitted until the check clears.

 

Redemption requests may be given to a Financial Intermediary having a selling agreement with the Distributor. The Financial Intermediary is responsible for transmitting such redemption requests to the Trust’s Transfer Agent. Redemption requests also may be given directly to the Transfer Agent, if the shareholder purchased shares directly through the Transfer Agent. In order to be effective, redemption requests of a shareholder in the event of death, divorce or other legal

40 
 

matter may require the submission of documents commonly required to assure the safety of a particular account. Generally, all redemptions will be for cash. The Portfolio typically expects to satisfy redemption requests by selling portfolio assets or by using holdings of cash or cash equivalents. These methods may be used during both normal and stressed market conditions.

 

The Trust may suspend redemption procedures and postpone redemption payment during any period when the NYSE is closed other than for customary weekend or holiday closing or when the SEC has determined an emergency exists or has otherwise permitted such suspension or postponement.

Written Redemption Requests. To redeem shares by mail, send a written redemption request in proper form to:

via Regular Mail via Overnight Mail

The Saratoga Advantage Trust

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

P.O. Box 541150

Omaha, NE 68154

The Saratoga Advantage Trust

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

17605 Wright Street, Suite 2

Omaha, NE 68130

 

Receipt of a redemption order by the U.S. Postal Service (“USPS”) does not constitute receipt of such an order by the Trust or its Transfer Agent. Requests sent via the USPS will be processed at the NAV on the business day the request is received in good form at the Trust’s Transfer Agent. There may be a delay between the time the request reaches the P.O. Box and the time of the Trust’s receipt of the request, which may affect the NAV at which the request is processed. Regular mail is retrieved from the Transfer Agent’s post office box at least once a day by 12:00 p.m., Eastern Time and overnight mail is processed as received by the Transfer Agent from the delivery service. In both cases, processing of redemption requests are subject to the provisions described above in the opening paragraph in this section.

Redeeming by Telephone. The telephone redemption privilege is automatically available to all new accounts except retirement accounts. If you do not want the telephone redemption privilege, you must indicate this in the appropriate area on your account application or you must write to the Trust and instruct it to remove this privilege from your account. The proceeds will be sent by mail to the address designated on your account or wired directly to your existing account in any commercial bank or brokerage firm in the United States as designated on your application. To redeem by telephone, call 1-800-807-FUND (1-800-807-3863). The redemption proceeds normally will be sent by mail or by wire within three business days after receipt of your telephone instructions. IRA accounts are not redeemable by telephone.

 

The Trust reserves the right to suspend the telephone redemption privileges with respect to your account if the name(s) or the address on the account has been changed within the previous 30 days. Neither the Trust, the Transfer Agent, nor their respective affiliates will be liable for any loss, damage, cost or expenses in acting on telephone instructions if they reasonably believe such telephone instructions to be genuine and you will be required to bear the risk of any such loss. The Trust or the Transfer Agent, or both, will employ reasonable procedures to determine that

41 
 

telephone instructions are genuine. If the Trust and/or the Transfer Agent do not employ these procedures, they may be liable to you for losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions. These procedures may include, among others, requiring forms of personal identification prior to acting upon telephone instructions, providing written confirmation of the transactions and/or tape recording telephone instructions.

 

Wire Redemptions. If you request your redemption by wire transfer, you will be required to pay a $15.00 wire transfer fee to the Transfer Agent to cover costs associated with the transfer but the Transfer Agent does not charge a fee when transferring redemption proceeds by electronic funds transfer. In addition, your bank may impose a charge for receiving wires.

 

When Redemptions are Sent. Once the Trust receives your redemption request in “good order” as described below, it will issue a check based on the next determined NAV following your redemption request. If you purchase shares using a check and soon after request a redemption, your redemption request will not be processed until the check used for your purchase has cleared. Redemption proceeds requested to be sent via wire or ACH are typically sent 1-3 business days after the redemption request was received in “good order.” Redemption proceeds requested to be sent via check are typically mailed via US Postal Service 2-3 business days after the redemption request was received in “good order.”

Good Order. Your redemption request will be processed if it is in “good order.” To be in good order, the following conditions must be satisfied:

·The request should be in writing indicating the number of shares or dollar amount to be redeemed;
·The request must identify your account number;
·The request should be signed by you and any other person listed on the account, exactly as the shares are registered; and
·If you request the redemption proceeds to be sent to a person, bank or an address other than that of record, or if the proceeds of a requested redemption exceed $100,000, the signature(s) on the request must be medallion signature guaranteed by an eligible signature guarantor.

Medallion Signature Guarantee. Certain requests require a medallion signature guarantee. To protect you and the Trust from fraud, certain transactions and redemption requests must be in writing and must include a medallion signature guarantee in the following situations (there may be other situations also requiring a medallion signature guarantee in the discretion of the Trust or Transfer Agent):

1.Re-registration of the account.
2.Changing bank wiring instructions on the account.
3.Name change on the account.
4.Setting up/changing systematic withdrawal plan to a secondary address.
5.Redemptions greater than $100,000.
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6.Any redemption check that is being mailed to a different address than the address of record.
7.Your account registration has changed within the last 30 days.

You should be able to obtain a medallion signature guarantee from a bank or trust company, credit union, broker-dealer, securities exchange or association, clearing agency or savings association, as defined by federal law.

REDEMPTION FEE. You will be charged a redemption fee of 2% of the value of the shares being redeemed if you redeem your shares of the Portfolio within 30 days of purchase. The redemption fee is paid directly to the Portfolio from which the redemption is made and is designed to offset brokerage commissions, market impact, and other costs associated with short-term trading. For purposes of determining whether the redemption fee applies, the shares that were held the longest will be redeemed first. The redemption fee will not apply to shares that are sold which have been acquired through the reinvestment of dividends or distributions paid by the Portfolio.

 

The following exchanges are exempt from the 2% redemption fee: (i) responses to the SaratogaSHARP® asset allocation program’s allocations and reallocations and fees charged to participants in connection thereto; (ii) exchanges executed pursuant to asset allocation and automatic rebalancing programs and fees charged to participants in connection thereto, provided that such allocations, reallocations and exchanges do not occur more frequently than monthly and the applicable dealer provides the Trust’s transfer agent with documents evidencing such; (iii) exchanges in employer sponsored retirement plans (e.g., 401(k) and profit sharing plans); (iv) redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal plans; and (v) exchanges in response to tactical asset allocation programs’ allocations and reallocations, as approved by the Trust’s CCO and/or one of the Trust’s principal officers.

 

Financial Intermediaries of omnibus accounts generally do not identify customers’ trading activity to the Trust on an individual basis. Therefore, the ability to monitor redemptions made by the underlying shareholders in omnibus accounts is severely limited. Consequently, the Trust must rely on the Financial Intermediary to monitor redemptions within the Portfolio by the Financial Intermediary’s customers and to collect the Portfolio’s redemption fee from their customers. The Trust monitors enforcement by Financial Intermediaries, and if a Financial Intermediary fails to enforce the Trust’s restrictions, the Trust may take certain actions, including termination of the relationship.

 

SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PLAN. A systematic withdrawal plan (the “Withdrawal Plan”) is available for shareholders. Any portfolio from which redemptions will be made pursuant to the Plan will be referred to as a “SWP Portfolio.” The Withdrawal Plan provides for monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual payments in any amount not less than $25, or in any whole percentage of the value of the SWP Portfolio’s shares, on an annualized basis. A shareholder may suspend or terminate participation in the Withdrawal Plan at any time. The Withdrawal Plan may be terminated or revised at any time by the Portfolio.

 

Withdrawal Plan payments should not be considered dividends, yields or income. If periodic Withdrawal Plan payments continuously exceed net investment income and net capital gains, the shareholder’s original investment will be correspondingly reduced and ultimately exhausted. Each

43 
 

withdrawal constitutes a redemption of shares and any gain or loss realized must be recognized for federal income tax purposes. Shareholders should contact their dealer representative or the Trust for further information about the Withdrawal Plan.

 

REINSTATEMENT PRIVILEGE. A shareholder who has had his or her shares redeemed or repurchased and has not previously exercised this reinstatement privilege may, within 35 days after the date of the redemption or repurchase, reinstate any portion or all of the proceeds of such redemption or repurchase in shares of the Portfolio in the same Class from which such shares were redeemed or repurchased, at NAV next determined after a reinstatement request (made in writing to and approved by SCM), together with the proceeds, is received by the Transfer Agent.

 

INVOLUNTARY REDEMPTIONS. If the Portfolio is the only holding of a shareholder in the Trust, then due to the relatively high cost of maintaining small accounts, the Trust may redeem an account having a current value of $1,000 or less as a result of redemptions, but not as a result of a fluctuation in the Portfolio’s NAV after the shareholder has been given at least 30 days in which to increase the account balance to more than that amount. Involuntary redemptions may result in the liquidation of Portfolio holdings at a time when the value of those holdings is lower than the investor’s cost of the investment or may result in the realization of taxable capital gains.

 

REDEMPTION-IN-KIND. If the Board of Trustees determines that it would be detrimental to the best interests of the Portfolio’s shareholders to make a redemption payment wholly in cash, the Portfolio may pay, in accordance with rules adopted by the SEC, any portion of a redemption in excess of the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the Portfolio’s net assets by a distribution-in-kind of readily marketable portfolio securities in lieu of cash. Redemptions failing to meet this threshold must be made in cash. Redemption in-kind proceeds will typically be made by delivering a pro-rata amount of the Portfolio’s holdings that are readily marketable securities to the redeeming shareholder within seven days after the Portfolio’s receipt of the redemption order. Shareholders receiving distributions-in-kind of portfolio securities will be subject to market risks on the securities received, and may incur brokerage commissions when subsequently disposing of those securities.

 

EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE. Shares of the Portfolio may be exchanged without payment of any exchange fee for shares of another portfolio of the Trust of the same Class at their respective NAVs. Please refer to the Trust’s prospectuses for the other portfolios with respect to the fees and expenses of investing in shares of the Trust’s other portfolios. The Trust may in the future offer an exchange feature involving shares of an unaffiliated fund group subject to receipt of appropriate regulatory relief.

 

There are special considerations when you exchange Portfolio shares that are subject to a CDSC. When determining the length of time you held the shares and the corresponding CDSC rate, any period (starting at the end of the month) during which you held shares of the Portfolio or a Saratoga Fund that does not charge a CDSC will not be counted. Thus, in effect the “holding period” for purposes of calculating the CDSC is frozen upon exchanging into a fund that does not charge a CDSC. In addition, shares that are exchanged into or from the Portfolio or a Saratoga Fund subject to a higher CDSC rate will be subject to the higher rate, even if the shares are re-exchanged into the Portfolio or a Saratoga Fund with a lower CDSC rate.

 

44 
 

An exchange of shares is generally treated for federal income tax purposes as a redemption (sale) of shares given in exchange by the shareholder, and an exchanging shareholder may, therefore, realize a taxable gain or loss in connection with the exchange.

 

The exchange privilege is available to shareholders residing in any state in which Portfolio shares being acquired may be legally sold.

 

SCM reserves the right to reject any exchange request and the exchange privilege may be modified or terminated upon notice to shareholders in accordance with applicable rules adopted by the SEC.

 

With regard to redemptions and exchanges made by telephone, the Distributor and the Trust’s Transfer Agent will request personal or other identifying information to confirm that the instructions received from shareholders or their account representatives are genuine. Calls may be recorded. If our lines are busy or you are otherwise unable to reach us by phone, you may wish to ask your investment representative for assistance or send us written instructions, as described elsewhere in this Prospectus. For your protection, we may delay a transaction or not implement one if we are not reasonably satisfied that the instructions are genuine. If this occurs, we will not be liable for any loss. The Distributor and the Transfer Agent also will not be liable for any losses if they follow instructions by phone that they reasonably believe are genuine or if an investor is unable to execute a transaction by phone.

 

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS. The Portfolio intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under the Code. As a regulated investment company, the Portfolio generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. The Portfolio declares and pays dividends from net investment income, if any, quarterly. Distributions of net realized long-term and short-term capital gains, if any, earned by the Portfolio will be made quarterly. The Portfolio may distribute such income dividends and capital gains more frequently, if necessary, in order to reduce or eliminate federal excise or income taxes on the Portfolio. The amount of any distribution will vary, and there is no guarantee the Portfolio will pay either an income dividend or a capital gains distribution. Dividends derived from net investment income and distributions of net realized long and short-term capital gains paid by the Portfolio to a shareholder will be automatically reinvested (at current NAV) in additional shares of the Portfolio (which will be deposited in the shareholder’s account) unless the shareholder instructs the Trust, in writing, to pay all dividends and distributions in cash. Shares acquired by dividend and distribution reinvestment will not be subject to any CDSC and will be eligible for conversion on a pro rata basis.

 

ANNUAL STATEMENTS. You will be sent annually a statement (IRS Form 1099-DIV) showing the taxable distributions paid to you in the previous calendar year, if any. The statement provides information on your dividends and capital gains for tax purposes. If any dividends are declared in October, November or December to shareholders of record in such months and paid in January of the following year, then such amounts will be treated for tax purposes as received by the shareholders on December 31 of the prior year. The Portfolio may reclassify income after your tax reporting statement is mailed to you. Prior to issuing your statement, the Portfolio

45 
 

makes every effort to search for reclassified income to reduce the number of corrected forms mailed to shareholders. However, when necessary, the Portfolio will send you a corrected Form 1099-DIV to reflect reclassified information or adjust the cost basis of any covered shares (defined below).

 

AVOID “BUYING A DIVIDEND.” At the time you purchase your Portfolio shares, the Portfolio’s NAV may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation in value of portfolio securities held by the Portfolio. For taxable investors, a subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable. For example, if you buy shares in the Portfolio shortly before it makes a distribution, you may receive some of your investment back in the form of a taxable distribution. This is known as “buying a dividend.”

TAX CONSEQUENCES

The following tax information in this Prospectus is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in the Trust. Unless your investment in the Trust is through a tax-deferred retirement account, such as a 401(k) plan or IRA, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when the Portfolio makes distributions and when you sell Portfolio shares, including an exchange to another portfolio.

 

TAXES ON DISTRIBUTIONS. In general, if you are a taxable investor, Portfolio distributions are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains or some combination of both, whether you take them in cash or reinvest them in Portfolio shares. The Portfolio’s investment techniques, including use of short-term trading strategies, and high portfolio turnover rate, may result in more of the Portfolio’s income dividends and capital gains distributions being taxable to you at ordinary income tax rates than it would if it did not engage in such techniques.

 

For federal income tax purposes, any income dividend distributions and any short-term capital gain distributions are taxable to you as ordinary income. Any long-term capital gain distributions are taxable as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Trust. A portion of the ordinary income dividends received by individuals may be taxed at the same rate as long-term capital gains if certain holding period and other requirements are satisfied. However, dividends paid to shareholders from the Portfolio’s investments in U.S. REITs generally will not qualify for taxation at long-term capital gain rates applicable to qualified dividend income. Further, even if income received in the form of ordinary income dividends is taxed at the same rate as long-term capital gains, such income will not be considered long-term capital gains for other federal income tax purposes. For example, you generally will not be permitted to offset ordinary income dividends with capital losses when calculating your net capital gains or losses. A portion of the ordinary income dividends received by corporations may be eligible for the corporate dividends received deduction if certain holding period and other requirements are satisfied. Short-term capital gain distributions will continue to be taxed at ordinary income rates.

 

TAXES ON SALES. Your sale of Portfolio shares normally is subject to federal income tax and may result in a taxable gain or loss to you. Your exchange of Portfolio shares for shares of

46 
 

another portfolio is treated for tax purposes like a sale of your original Portfolio shares and a purchase of your new shares. Thus, the exchange may, like a sale, result in a taxable gain or loss to you and will give you a new tax basis for your new shares.

 

If a shareholder realizes a loss on the redemption or exchange of the Portfolio’s shares and reinvests in that portfolio’s shares or substantially identical shares within 30 days before or after the redemption or exchange, the transactions may be subject to the “wash sale” rules, resulting in a postponement of the recognition of such loss for tax purposes. The ability to deduct losses is subject to further limitations under the Code.

 

MEDICARE TAX. An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Portfolio and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Portfolio shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a threshold amount. This Medicare tax, if applicable, is reported by you on, and paid with, your federal income tax return.

 

BACK-UP WITHHOLDING. By law, the Portfolio must withhold a portion of your taxable distributions and redemption proceeds unless you provide your correct social security number or taxpayer identification number, certify that this number is correct, certify that you are not subject to backup withholding, and certify that you are a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). The Portfolio also must withhold if the IRS instructs it to do so. When withholding is required, the amount is currently 24% of your taxable distributions or redemption proceeds.

 

When you open your Portfolio account, you should provide your social security or tax identification number on your investment application. By providing this information, you can avoid being subject to federal backup withholding on taxable distributions and redemption proceeds. Any withheld amount would be sent to the IRS as an advance tax payment.

 

OTHER. Portfolio distributions and gains from the sale or exchange of your Portfolio shares also may be subject to state and local taxes. If more than 50% of the Portfolio’s assets are invested in foreign securities at the end of any fiscal year, the Portfolio may elect to permit shareholders to generally take a credit or deduction on their federal income tax return for foreign taxes paid by the Portfolio (subject to various limitations). In such a case shareholders would also need to include such foreign taxes in income. The Portfolio may derive “excess inclusion income” from certain equity interests in mortgage pooling vehicles either directly or through an investment in a U.S. REIT. Please see the SAI for a discussion of the risks and special tax consequences to shareholders in the event the Portfolio realizes excess inclusion income in excess of certain threshold amounts.

 

FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS. Shareholders other than U.S. persons may be subject to a different U.S. federal income tax treatment, including withholding tax at the rate of 30% on amounts treated as ordinary dividends from the Portfolio, as discussed in more detail in the Statement of Additional Information.

 

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This discussion of “Tax Consequences” is not intended or written to be used as tax advice. Because everyone’s tax situation is unique, you should consult your tax professional about federal, state, local or foreign tax consequences before making an investment in the Portfolio.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The Manager, SCM and/or the Distributor may pay additional compensation (out of their own resources and not as an expense of the Portfolio) to selected affiliated or unaffiliated brokers or other service providers in connection with the sale, distribution, retention and/or servicing of the Portfolio’s shares. Such compensation may be significant in amount and the prospect of receiving any such additional compensation may provide affiliated or unaffiliated entities with incentive to favor sales of the shares of the Portfolio over other investment options. Any such payments will not change the NAV of the price of the Portfolio’s shares.

 

In addition, the Portfolio or the Distributor also may make payments to financial intermediaries for certain administrative services, including record keeping, sub-accounting and sub-transfer agency of shareholder accounts pursuant to an administrative services agreement with the Portfolio and/or its agents. The fees payable by the Portfolio under this category of services are subject to certain limitations approved by the Board of Trustees of the Trust and, to the extent paid, will increase expenses of the Portfolio. These expenses are not separately identified in the fee table under the section titled “Portfolio Summary – Fees and Expenses of the Portfolio” in this Prospectus but are included within “Other Expenses” in the fee table.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

Prior to the date of this prospectus, the Portfolio had not yet commenced operations, therefore, Financial Highlights are not yet available.

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Privacy Policy Notice for The Saratoga Advantage Trust

FACTS WHAT DOES THE SARATOGA ADVANTAGE TRUST DO WITH YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION?
Why? Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal law gives consumers the right to limit some but not all sharing. Federal law also requires us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect your personal information. Please read this notice carefully to understand what we do.
What?

The types of personal information we collect and share depend on the product or service you have with us. This information can include:

· Social Security number and wire transfer instructions

· account transactions and transaction history

· investment experience and purchase history

When you are no longer our customer, we continue to share your information as described in this notice.

How? All financial companies need to share customers' personal information to run their everyday business. In the section below, we list the reasons financial companies can share their customers' personal information; the reasons The Saratoga Advantage Trust (“the Trust”) choose to share; and whether you can limit this sharing.

 

Reasons we can share
your personal information
Does The Trust share? Can you limit this sharing?
For our everyday business purposes –  such as to process your transactions, maintain your account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations, or report to credit bureaus Yes No
For our marketing purposes – to offer our products and services to you Yes No
For joint marketing with other financial companies No We don’t share
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes – information about your transactions and experiences Yes No
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes – information about your creditworthiness No We don’t share
For our affiliates to market to you No We don’t share
For nonaffiliates to market to you No We don’t share
Questions? Call 1-800-807-FUND
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Page 2

 

Who we are  
Who is providing this notice? The Saratoga Advantage Trust
What we do  
How does The Trust protect my personal information? To protect your personal information from unauthorized access and use, we use security measures that comply with federal law. These measures include computer safeguards and secured files and buildings. We restrict access to nonpublic personal information about you to those employees who need to know that information to provide products or services to you.
How does The Trust collect my personal information?

We collect your personal information, for example, when you

·         open an account or deposit money

·         direct us to buy securities or direct us to sell your securities

·         seek information about your investments

We also collect your personal information from others, such as credit bureaus, affiliates, or other companies

Why can’t I limit all sharing?

Federal law gives you the right to limit only

·         sharing for affiliates’ everyday business purposes—information about your creditworthiness

·         affiliates from using your information to market to you

·         sharing for non-affiliates to market to you

·         State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights to limit sharing

Definitions  
Affiliates

Companies related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.

·         Our affiliates include financial companies such as Saratoga Capital Management, LLC

Nonaffiliates

Companies not related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.

·         The Trust does not share your personal information with nonaffiliates so they can market you

Joint marketing

A formal agreement between nonaffiliated financial companies that together market financial products or services to you.

·         The Trust does not jointly market

50 
 

james alpha STRUCTURED CREDIT VALUE PORTFOLIO

CLASS I SHARES (Ticker: [  ])
CLASS A SHARES (Ticker: [  ])
CLASS C SHARES (Ticker: [  ])

 

PROSPECTUS

Additional information about the Portfolio’s investments will be available in the Trust’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders. In the Trust’s Annual Report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Portfolio’s performance during its last fiscal year. The Trust’s Statement of Additional Information also provides additional information about the Portfolio. The Statement of Additional Information is incorporated herein by reference (legally is part of this Prospectus). For a free copy of the Annual Report, the Semi-Annual Report or the Statement of Additional Information, to request other information about the Trust, or to make shareholder inquiries, please call: 1-(800)-807- FUND.

You also may obtain information about the Trust, including the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports and the Statement of Additional Information, by calling your financial advisor or by visiting our Internet site at: www.saratogacap.com

Information about the Trust, including the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports and the Statement of Additional Information, can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. Information about the Reference Room’s operations may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. Reports and other information about the Trust are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov and copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section of the SEC, Washington, DC 20549-1520.

The Trust’s Investment Company Act file number is 811-08542.

 

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Subject to Completion April 17, 2018

The information in this Prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PROSPECTUS DATED [ ], 2018

THE SARATOGA ADVANTAGE TRUST

JAMES ALPHA STRUCTURED CREDIT VALUE PORTFOLIO

CLASS S SHARES (Ticker: [ ])

The SARATOGA ADVANTAGE TRUST (the “Trust”) is a mutual fund company. The James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio (the “Portfolio”) is managed by James Alpha Advisors, LLC (“James Alpha” or the “Manager”) and sub-advised by Orange Investment Advisors, LLC (the “Sub-Adviser”). Shares of the Portfolio are available to investors and advisory services.

Class S shares are available exclusively to investment advisers and broker-dealers that are affiliated with the Manager as a means of implementing asset allocation recommendations for their clients.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PORTFOLIO SUMMARY 1
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND PRINCIPAL RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE PORTFOLIO 13
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS 23
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION 27
Pricing of Portfolio Shares 27
Purchase of Shares 28
CHOOSING A SHARE CLASS 31
Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Trust Shares 31
REDEMPTION OF SHARES 32
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS 37
TAX CONSEQUENCES 37
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 39
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 40
Privacy Policy Notice for The Saratoga Advantage Trust 41

 

i
 

PORTFOLIO SUMMARY

Investment Objectives. The Portfolio seeks to provide a high level of risk-adjusted current income and capital appreciation. Capital preservation is a secondary objective.

Fees and Expenses of the Portfolio. This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio.

SHAREHOLDER FEES

(fees paid directly from your investment)

Class S

Maximum Sales Charge on Purchases of Shares

(as a % of offering price)

NONE

Sales Charge on Reinvested Dividends

(as a % of offering price)

NONE

Maximum Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

(as a % of offering price)

NONE

Redemption Fee on Shares Held 30 days or Less

(as a % of amount redeemed)

2.00%

ANNUAL PORTFOLIO OPERATING EXPENSES

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage

of the value of your investment)

 
Management Fees 1.20%
Distribution and/or Service Rule 12b-1 Fees NONE
Other Expenses(1) [  ]%
Interest Expense [  ]%
Dividend Expenses on Short Sales [  ]%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(2) [  ]%

Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses

(before Expense Waiver/Reimbursement)

[  ]%
Expense Waiver/Reimbursement [  ]%

Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses

(After Expense Waiver/Reimbursement)(3)

[  ]%
(1)Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
(2)Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies. These Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are not considered in the calculation of the expense cap (defined below). The Operating Expenses in the above fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Portfolio’s financial statements because the financial statements will include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Portfolio, not the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies (“Acquired Funds”).
(3)Pursuant to a fee waiver and operating expense limitation agreement between the Manager and the Portfolio, the Manager has contractually agreed to waive all of the Portfolio’s management fee payable to the Manager by the Portfolio on Class S assets, less any portion of such fee that is payable by the Manager to the Sub-Adviser, and also to absorb expenses of the Portfolio to ensure that Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses (excluding front end and contingent deferred sales loads, leverage, interest and tax expenses, dividends and interest on short positions, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger, reorganization or liquidation, extraordinary or non-routine expenses for the Portfolio and Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses) for Class S shares do not exceed 1.49% of the Portfolio’s average net assets (the “Expense Cap”) through March 31, 2020 (the “Expense Limitation Agreement”). The Expense Limitation Agreement can be terminated during its term only by, or with the consent of, the Trust’s Board of Trustees. The Manager is permitted to seek reimbursement from the Portfolio, subject to limitations, for management fees waived (other than on Class S shares) and Portfolio expenses it paid within three (3) years of the end of the fiscal year in which such management fees were waived or
 
 

expenses paid, as long as the reimbursement does not cause the Portfolio’s operating expenses to exceed (i) the expense cap in place at the time the fees were waived or the expenses were incurred; or (ii) the current Expense Cap, whichever is less.

Example. This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Portfolio for the time periods indicated. This example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, and the Portfolio’s operating expenses remain the same and reflect the contractual expense waiver in place for the first year. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs, if you held or sold your shares, at the end of each period would be:

  One Year Three Years
Class S $[  ] $[  ]

The above Example reflects applicable contractual fee waiver/expense reimbursement arrangements for the duration of the arrangements only.

Portfolio Turnover. The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs, which must be borne by the Portfolio and its shareholders and may result in higher taxes when Portfolio shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses or in the example, affect the Portfolio’s performance. No portfolio turnover is shown as the Portfolio had not commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus.

Principal Investment Strategies. The Portfolio seeks to achieve its investment objectives, under normal conditions, by investing at least 80% of the Portfolio’s net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes in structured credit securities, and in other investments that have economic characteristics similar to such securities. Structured credit securities include, but are not limited to, mortgage backed-securities (“MBS”), including residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”); asset-backed securities (“ABS”); collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”); collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”); collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”); collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”); mortgage derivatives such as stripped RMBS and inverse floaters; and other securitized assets. A stripped RMBS is created when a traditional RMBS is split into an interest-only and a principal-only strip. A stripped RMBS gives its holder the right to interest payments or principal payments, but not both. An inverse floater is a type of derivative instrument with a floating or variable interest rate that moves in the opposite direct of the interest rate on another security, usually a floating rate note. The use of inverse floaters by the Portfolio creates effective leverage.

The Portfolio’s investments in RMBS may include agency and nonagency RMBS, including to-be-announced MBS (“TBA”), and non-U.S. dollar denominated RMBS. The Portfolio’s investments in CMOs may include whole loan CMOs backed by prime, Alt-A, and subprime collateral. The Sub-Adviser considers prime loans to represent borrowers with good to excellent credit; the Sub-Adviser considers subprime loans to represent borrowers with a higher risk of default than loans to prime borrowers and therefore carry higher interest rates; and the Sub-Adviser considers Alt-A loans to represent borrowers with a credit risk profile between that of prime and subprime loans. The Portfolio’s investments in ABS include ABS backed by student loans, auto loans, or nontraditional collateral such as single family rentals and aircraft leases.

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The Portfolio concentrates its investments (i.e., invests more than 25% of its net assets) in RMBS, CMBS, and other mortgage-related securities (such as CMOs), and treats such investments as investments in a group of industries. The Portfolio may also invest in corporate bonds and other fixed income securities. The Portfolio seeks to outperform the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index with lower volatility than that index.

The Portfolio seeks to minimize interest rate risk by maintaining a short to intermediate average portfolio duration (i.e., within a zero to three (0 to 3) year range), as calculated by the Sub-Adviser, although the Portfolio’s average duration may be shorter or longer at any time or from time to time depending on market conditions and other factors. While the Portfolio seeks to maintain a short to intermediate average portfolio duration, there is no limit on the maturity or duration of any individual security in which the Portfolio may invest. In addition, the Sub-Adviser manages the liquidity of the Portfolio’s holdings at both the individual security level and the portfolio level, using a proprietary technique that attempts to optimize the tradeoff between the yield and liquidity of the portfolio.

In pursuing its objective, the Portfolio may sell securities short from time to time, generally in conjunction with long positions with similar characteristics for the purposes of managing interest rate or credit spread risk or for exploiting relative value differences between two securities, not for predicting the overall direction of the market. The Portfolio may also employ TBA for these short selling activities. TBA sales are forward-settling sales of agency MBS where the underlying pools of mortgage loans are not known at the time of the original transaction, but are announced just before settlement based on a “cheapest-to-deliver” algorithm.

The Portfolio may invest in options, futures and swaps (including interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, total return swaps and swaptions). The Portfolio may invest in such instruments, without limitation, for hedging purposes designed to manage interest rate, credit spread and other risks.

The Portfolio may invest without limit in debt securities that are rated below investment grade (also known as “junk bonds”). The Sub-Adviser defines investment grade securities as those that are rated BBB or higher by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”) or Baa or higher by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), for example, or are rated investment grade by any other Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (“NRSRO”), or if unrated, determined by the Sub-Adviser to be of comparable quality.

The Portfolio may invest a significant portion of its assets in Rule 144A securities, as a significant portion of current issuance in the ABS and MBS markets are Rule 144A securities.

The Portfolio employs a value style investing approach that seeks to invest in securities providing undervalued cash flows within markets the Sub-Adviser deems inefficient. When investing Portfolio assets in all types of securities, the Sub-Adviser analyzes their expected future cash flows based on collateral composition and expected performance, deal structure including credit enhancement, state variables such as interest shortfalls and servicer advances and other factors in order to project expected return parameters such as yield and average life.

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The Sub-Adviser, using a quantitative analysis model, projects security cash flows and values such cash flows at what it deems to be the appropriate discount rate based on price discovery resulting from relatively active trading and publicly available pricing information. The Sub-Adviser’s proprietary quantitative model to evaluate RMBS securities considers borrower and servicer behavior in projecting, at the loan-level, prepayment and default probability, default severity, and other factors affecting the cash flows of the security, which are then analyzed not only to identify undervalued securities, but also to stress test the credit risk of those securities.

The Sub-Adviser considers selling securities when such securities have reached their price/valuation targets. The Sub-Adviser may also consider selling securities when the Sub-Adviser believes securities have become overvalued, and replacing them with securities the Sub-Adviser believes to be undervalued to seek to offer the Portfolio better relative value and performance expectations. The Sub-Adviser may also sell and replace securities as necessary to rebalance and align the portfolio with its overall risk parameter targets.

Principal Investment Risks. There is no assurance that the Portfolio will achieve its investment objectives. The Portfolio share price will fluctuate with changes in the market value of its portfolio investments. When you sell your Portfolio shares, they may be worth less than what you paid for them and, accordingly, you can lose money investing in this Portfolio.

Active Trading Risk. The Portfolio may engage in frequent trading of portfolio securities resulting in higher transaction costs, a lower return and increased tax liability.

Basis Risk. Basis risk refers to, among other things, the lack of the desired or expected correlation between a hedging instrument or strategy and the underlying assets being hedged. This results in reduced effectiveness of the hedging instrument or strategy, which adversely effects the Portfolio in terms of increased hedging costs or reduced risk mitigation.

CLO, CBO, and CDO Risk. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans. A CBO is a trust which is often backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed income securities. A CDO is a trust backed by other types of assets representing obligations of various parties. For CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield, including the “equity” tranche which is the first loss piece, serving to protect the other more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, more senior tranches of CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs are still exposed to substantial credit risk. CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs are generally unregistered private placements governed by Rule 144A, and thus, have additional liquidity risk. CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) risks related to CLO, CBO or other CDO managers; (iv) the risk associated with the Portfolio investing in CLOs, CBOs or other CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; and (v) the complexity of the structure of the security may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.

Counterparty Risk.  Certain derivative and “over-the-counter” (“OTC”) instruments in which the Portfolio may invest, such as OTC swaps and options, are subject to the risk that the other party

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to a contract will not fulfill its contractual obligations. The Sub-Adviser attempts to mitigate this risk by not entering into transactions with any counterparty that the Sub-Adviser believes does not have the financial resources to honor its obligations under the transaction and by monitoring the financial stability of counterparties.

Credit Risk.  The issuers of fixed income instruments in which the Portfolio invests may experience financial difficulty and may be unable to meet interest and/or principal payments, thereby causing its instruments to decrease in value and lowering the issuer’s credit rating.

Credit Spread Risk. Credit spread risk is the risk that credit spreads (i.e., the difference in yield between securities that is due to differences in their credit quality) may increase when the market believes that bonds generally have a greater risk of default. Increasing credit spreads may reduce the market values of the Portfolio’s debt securities. Credit spreads often increase more for lower rated and unrated securities than for investment grade securities. In addition, when credit spreads increase, reductions in market value will generally be greater for longer-maturity securities.

Currency/Exchange Rate Risk. The dollar value of the Portfolio's foreign investments will be affected by changes in the exchange rates between the dollar and the currencies in which those investments are traded.

Derivatives Risk.  A derivative is an investment whose value depends on (or is derived from) the value of an underlying asset (including an underlying security), reference rate or index. The derivatives that the Portfolio primarily expects to use include options, futures and swaps. Derivatives may be volatile and some derivatives have the potential for loss that is greater than the Portfolio’s initial investment. OTC derivatives, which are those not cleared and settled through a central exchange, may be more difficult to purchase, sell or value than more traditional investments, such as stocks or bonds, because there may be fewer purchasers or sellers of the derivative instrument or the derivative instrument may require participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. The Portfolio may also lose money on a derivative if the counterparty (issuer) fails to pay the amount due. If a counterparty were to default on its obligations, the Portfolio’s contractual remedies against such counterparty may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws, which could affect the Portfolio’s rights as a creditor (e.g., the Portfolio may not receive the amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive). The Portfolio may also lose money on a derivative if the underlying asset on which the derivative is based, or the derivative itself, does not perform as the Manager or Sub-Adviser anticipated. Shareholders of the Portfolio may incur higher taxes as a result of its investing in derivatives.

Special Risks of Futures. The liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent that participants decide to make or take delivery of the underlying investments, liquidity in this market could be reduced. Futures contracts can be purchased with relatively small amounts of initial margin compared to the cash value of the contracts. This economic leverage can increase the volatility of the Portfolio. Even a well-conceived futures transaction may be unsuccessful due to market events.

 

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Special Risks of Inverse Floaters. Inverse variable or floating rate obligations, sometimes referred to as inverse floaters, are a type of over-the-counter derivative debt instrument with a variable or floating coupon rate that moves in the opposite direction of an underlying reference, typically short-term interest rates. While inverse floaters tend to provide more income than similar term and credit quality fixed-rate bonds, they also exhibit greater volatility in price movement, which could result in significant losses for the Portfolio. An inverse floater may have the effect of investment leverage to the extent that its coupon rate varies by a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude of the change in the index or reference rate of interest, which could result in increased losses for the Portfolio. Inverse floaters can increase the Portfolio’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, currency/exchange rate risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Portfolio to counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.

Special Risks of Swaps. OTC swap transactions are two-party transactions and are therefore often less liquid than other types of investments, and the Portfolio may be unable to sell or terminate its swap positions at a desired time or price. Certain swaps, such as total return swaps where two parties agree to “swap” payments on defined underlying assets or interest rates, can have the potential for unlimited losses. OTC swaps are also subject to the risk that the swap counterparty will not fulfill its contractual obligations. The swaps market is subject to extensive regulation under the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank”) and certain SEC and CFTC rules promulgated thereunder. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including new and additional government regulation, could result in higher Portfolio costs and expenses and could adversely affect the Portfolio’s ability, among other things, to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.

Credit default swaps (“CDS”) are typically two-party financial contracts that transfer credit exposure between the two parties. Under a typical CDS, one party (the “seller” or “seller of protection”) receives pre-determined periodic payments from the other party (the “buyer” or “buyer of protection”). The seller agrees to make compensating specific payments to the buyer if a negative credit event occurs, such as the bankruptcy or default by the issuer of the underlying debt instrument. The use of CDS involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions, such as potentially heightened credit and counterparty risks. The Portfolio will not act as a seller of protection.

A swaption is an options contract on a swap agreement. These transactions give a party the right (but not the obligation) to enter into new swap agreements or to shorten, extend, cancel or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement at some designated future time on specified terms, in return for payment of the purchase price (the “premium”) of the option. The Portfolio may write (sell) and purchase put and call swaptions to the same extent it may make use of standard options on securities or other instruments. The writer of the contract receives the premium and bears the risk of unfavorable changes in the market value on the underlying swap agreement. Swaptions can be bundled and sold as a package. These are commonly called interest rate caps, floors and collars.

Special Risks of Options. If the Portfolio sells a put option, there is risk that the Portfolio may be required to buy the underlying investment at a disadvantageous price. If the Portfolio sells a call option, there is risk that the Portfolio may be required to sell the underlying investment at a disadvantageous price. If the Portfolio purchases a put option or call option, there is risk that the price of the underlying investment will move in a direction that causes the option to expire worthless.

Government Securities Risk. The Portfolio may invest in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies and instrumentalities (such as securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”)). U.S. government securities are subject to investment and market risk, interest rate risk and credit risk. Securities, such as those issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae or the U.S. Treasury, that are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity and the market prices for

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such securities will fluctuate. Notwithstanding that these securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, circumstances could arise that would prevent the payment of interest or principal. This would result in losses to the Portfolio. Securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-related organizations, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will provide financial support. Therefore, U.S. government-related organizations may not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future.

Hedging Strategy Risk.  The hedging strategy employed by the Sub-Adviser is designed to reduce, but not eliminate, losses resulting from volatility and market declines. Even where the hedging strategy is used successfully, the Portfolio is likely to experience loss in value during periods of volatility and/or market declines. It is important to know that the hedging strategy is not intended to hedge all risk in the Portfolio and may not be successful in reducing volatility or offsetting market declines. Also, the hedging strategy may prevent the Portfolio from achieving higher investment returns than may be available by investing in an unhedged portfolio or a comparable mutual fund without a similar hedging strategy and the Portfolio’s use of derivatives will increase the Portfolio’s expenses. If markets move in a manner that the Sub-Adviser did not anticipate, it is possible that the hedging strategy could result in losses and/or expenses that are greater than if the Portfolio did not include the hedging strategy.

High Yield Bond (Junk Bond) Risk. High yield, below investment grade and unrated high risk debt securities (which also may be known as “junk bonds”) may present additional risks because these securities may be less liquid, and therefore more difficult to value accurately and sell at an advantageous price or time, present more credit risk than investment grade bonds and may be subject to greater risk of default. The values of junk bonds fluctuate more than those of high-quality bonds in response to company, political, regulatory or economic developments.

Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk refers to the risk that bond prices generally fall as interest rates rise; conversely, bond prices generally rise as interest rates fall. Specific bonds differ in their sensitivity to changes in interest rates depending on their individual characteristics, including duration. Given that the Federal Reserve has been raising interest rates, the Portfolio may face a heightened level of interest rate risk.

Investment and Market Risk. An investment in the Portfolio’s common shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount invested. An investment in the Portfolio’s common shares represents an indirect investment in the securities owned by the Portfolio, which are generally traded on a securities exchange or in the OTC markets. The value of these securities, like other market investments, may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The Portfolio’s common shares at any point in time may be worth less than the original investment, even after taking into account any reinvestment of dividends and distributions.

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Investment Focus Risk. The Portfolio concentrates its investments in mortgage- and real estate-related securities, as described in the principal investment strategies section of this prospectus, and, as a result, the Portfolio’s performance will depend on the overall condition of that group of industries and the specific underlying securities to a much greater extent than a less concentrated fund. There is increased risk to the Portfolio if conditions adversely affect that group of industries.

 

Liquidity Risk.  The Portfolio may hold illiquid securities that it is unable to sell at the preferred time or price and could lose its entire investment in such securities. Investments with an active trading market or that the Sub-Adviser otherwise deems liquid could become illiquid before the Portfolio can exit its positions. Because Rule 144A securities are subject to certain restrictions on secondary market trading, they may be less liquid than registered, publicly traded securities. Therefore, Rule 144A securities carry the risk that the liquidity of these securities may become impaired, making it more difficult for the Portfolio to sell these securities.

 

Management Risk. There is no guarantee that the investment techniques and risk analysis used by the portfolio managers will produce the desired results. The Portfolio’s successful pursuit of its investment objectives depends upon the Sub-Adviser’s proprietary quantitative analysis model and the Sub-Adviser’s ability to manage the Portfolio in accordance with such model. The Sub-Adviser's assessment of the relative value of securities, their attractiveness and potential appreciation of particular investments in which the Portfolio invests may prove to be incorrect.

 

MBS and ABS Risk.  MBS and ABS have different risk characteristics than traditional debt securities. For example, principal is paid back over the life of the security rather than at maturity. Although the value of fixed-income securities generally increases during periods of falling interest rates and decreases during periods of rising interest rates, this is not always the case with MBS and ABS. This is due to the fact that the borrower’s payments may be prepaid at any time as well as other factors. Generally, prepayments will increase during a period of falling interest rates and decrease during a period of rising interest rates. The rate of prepayments also may be influenced by economic and other factors. Prepayment risk includes the possibility that securities with stated interest rates may have the principal prepaid earlier than expected, which may occur when interest rates decline. Prepayment may expose the Portfolio to a lower rate of return upon reinvestment of principal. Investments in MBS and ABS are made based upon, among other things, expectations regarding the rate of prepayments on the underlying loans. Rates of prepayment faster or slower than expected by the Manager could reduce the Portfolio’s yield, increase the volatility of the Portfolio and/or cause a decline in NAV.

MBS and ABS are also subject to extension risk, which is the risk that the issuer of such a security pays back the principal of an obligation later than expected, which may occur when interest rates rise. This may have an adverse effect on returns, as the value of the security decreases when principal payments are made later than expected. In addition, the Portfolio may be prevented from investing proceeds it would otherwise have received at a given time at the higher prevailing interest rates. Certain MBS and ABS may be more volatile and less liquid than other traditional types of debt securities. Certain ABS do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the related collateral as do MBS. Additionally, the value of ABS are subject to risks associated with the servicers’ performance. Privately issued mortgage-related securities

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are not subject to the same underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those mortgage-related securities that have government or government-sponsored entity guarantee. As a result, the mortgage loans underlying privately issued mortgage-related securities may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics than government or government-sponsored mortgage-related securities and have wider variances in a number of terms including interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics. Small balance CMBS may have fewer financial resources and less available public information than other types of MBS. In addition, an unexpectedly high rate of defaults on the mortgages held by a mortgage pool may adversely affect the value of an MBS and could result in losses to the Portfolio. The risk of such defaults is generally higher in the case of mortgage pools that include subprime mortgages.

 

New Adviser Risk. Although certain principals of the Sub-Adviser have managed U.S. registered mutual funds, the Sub-Adviser has not previously managed a U.S. registered mutual fund and has only recently registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. As a result, there is no long-term track record against which an investor may judge the Sub-Adviser and it is possible that the Sub-Adviser may not achieve the Portfolio’s intended investment objectives.

 

Quantitative Strategy Risk. The Portfolio may use quantitative mathematical models that rely on patterns inferred from historical prices and other financial data in evaluating prospective investments. However, most quantitative models cannot fully match the complexity of the financial markets and therefore sudden unanticipated changes in underlying market conditions can significantly impact the performance of the Portfolio. Further, as market dynamics shift over time, a previously highly successful model may become outdated – perhaps without the Sub-Adviser recognizing that fact before substantial losses are incurred. Moreover, there are an increasing number of market participants who rely on quantitative mathematical models. These models may be similar to those used by the Portfolio, which may result in a substantial number of market participants taking the same action with respect to an investment and some of these market participants may be substantially larger than the Portfolio.

 

Real Estate Risk. MBS investments are subject to real estate risk, as the underlying loans securitizing the MBS are themselves collateralized by residential or commercial real estate. In the event real estate prices fall, the credit risk of MBS increases in at least two ways. First, a homeowner or landlord may be more likely to default on a mortgage if the real estate being financed is worth less that the loan balance (i.e., a negative equity position). Second, in the event of a default for whatever reason, the value of the real estate securing the loan would be lower, potentially resulting in a lower recovery.

 

Regulatory Risk. Regulatory authorities in the United States or other countries may restrict the ability of the Portfolio to fully implement its strategy, either generally, or with respect to certain securities, industries, or countries. In addition, possible legislation in the area of residential mortgages, credit cards and other consumer loans that may collateralize the securities in which the Portfolio may invest could negatively impact the value of the Portfolio’s investments.

 

Short Sales Risk. Short sales may cause the Portfolio to repurchase a security at a higher price, thereby causing the Portfolio to incur a loss. A short position in a security poses more risk than

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holding the same security long. As there is no limit on how much the price of the security can increase, the Portfolio’s exposure is unlimited. In order to establish a short position in a security, the Portfolio must borrow the security from a broker. The Portfolio may not always be able to borrow a security the Portfolio seeks to sell short at a particular time or at an acceptable price. The Portfolio also may not always be able to close out the short position by replacing the borrowed securities at a particular time or at an acceptable price. The Portfolio will incur increased transaction costs associated with selling securities short. In addition, taking short positions in securities results in a form of leverage which may cause the Portfolio to be volatile.

 

Until the Portfolio replaces a security borrowed in connection with a short sale, it may be required to segregate cash or liquid assets to cover the Portfolio’s short position. Generally, securities held in a segregated account cannot be sold unless they are replaced with other liquid assets. The Portfolio’s ability to access the segregated collateral may also be impaired in the event the broker becomes bankrupt, insolvent or otherwise fails to comply with its obligations. The Portfolio may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in these circumstances.

 

Stripped MBS Risk. Stripped mortgage-backed securities are a type of mortgage-backed security that receive differing proportions of the interest and principal payments from the underlying assets. Generally, there are two classes of stripped mortgage-backed securities: Interest Only (“IO”) and Principal Only (“PO”).  The cash flows and yields on IOs and POs are extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying mortgage loans or mortgage-backed securities. A rapid rate of principal payments may adversely affect the yield to maturity of IOs. A slow rate of principal payments may adversely affect the yield to maturity of POs. If prepayments of principal are greater than anticipated, an investor in IOs may incur substantial losses. If prepayments of principal are slower than anticipated, the yield on a PO will be affected more severely than would be the case with a traditional mortgage-backed security.

 

Sub-Prime and Alt-A Mortgage Risk. Subprime loans refer to loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments on their loans. Alt-A loans refer to loans extended to borrowers who have incomplete documentation of income, assets, or other variables that are important to the credit underwriting process. The loan collateral backing some MBS may be considered "subprime" or “Alt-A” at the time of loan origination based on the lower credit quality or other risk factors of the borrower, making it more likely to default than loans considered "prime." The overall credit risk of MBS is a function of a number of factors, primarily the seniority of the bond in the capital structure, the amount and type of credit enhancement, and the type and performance of the loan collateral. Therefore, all else equal with respect to seniority and credit enhancement, MBS backed by subprime or Alt-A collateral pose more credit risk to the Portfolio than those backed by prime loan collateral. In addition, the Portfolio may experience difficulty in the management and reinvestment of its investments subprime or Alt-A mortgage loans due to fluctuating interest rates and market volatility and the Portfolio may incur losses on such investments.

TBA Securities Risk. The Portfolio may buy or sell TBA securities, particularly in the case of agency MBS, for which there is an extremely active, liquid market. TBA are forward-settling trades where the underlying pools of mortgage loans are not known at the time of the original transaction but that meet specified terms and are announced just before settlement based on a “cheapest-to-deliver” algorithm. These transactions are essentially futures transactions, involve when-issued securities, and can be short sales. Therefore, they involve all the risks associated with those instruments and transactions, described herein.

Value Style Investing Risk. Value investing strategies involve obtaining exposure to individual investments or market sectors that are out of favor and/or undervalued in comparison to their peers or their prospects for growth. Because different types of investments go out of favor with investors depending on market and economic conditions, the Portfolio’s return may be adversely affected during market downturns and when value investment strategies are out of favor.

 

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When-Issued Securities Risk. The price or yield obtained in a when-issued transaction may be less favorable than the price or yield available in the market when the securities delivery takes place. Also, a when-issued security transaction has potentially more counterparty risk than a regularly settling trade because of the potentially extended settlement period, which increases the risk that the other party to the when-issued transaction fails to consummate the trade, resulting in a loss to the Portfolio or missed opportunity to profit from the trade.

 

Shares of the Portfolio are not bank deposits and are not guaranteed or insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Performance. Because the Portfolio does not yet have a full calendar year of operations, it does not disclose any performance information in this Prospectus. Once available, you may obtain the Portfolio’s updated performance information by calling toll free 1-800-807-FUND or by visiting www.saratogacap.com.

Manager and Sub-Adviser. James Alpha Advisors, LLC is the Portfolio’s manager (the “Manager”). Orange Investment Advisors, LLC serves as the Portfolio’s sub-adviser (the “Sub-Adviser”). The Manager monitors the performance of the Sub-Adviser.

Portfolio Managers. The following individuals serve as the Portfolio’s day-to-day portfolio managers:

Portfolio Manager Primary Title
Jay Menozzi Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Adviser, and has managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2018.
Boris Peresechensky Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Adviser, and has managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2018.

 The following individuals oversee the Portfolio’s day-to-day portfolio managers:

Portfolio Manager Primary Title
Akos Beleznay Chief Investment Officer of the Manager, and has managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2018.
Kevin R. Greene Managing Partner of the Manager, and has managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2018.
Michael J. Montague Chief Operating Officer of the Manager, and has managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2018.
James S. Vitalie Chief Executive Officer of the Manager, and has managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2018.

Purchase and Sale of Portfolio Shares. There is no investment minimum for Class S shares of the Portfolio. Shares of Class S are available for purchase exclusively by investment advisers and broker-dealers that are affiliated with the Manager as a means of implementing asset allocation recommendations for their clients. Shares are available for purchase, and may be redeemed, on any day that the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open. Redemption requests may be made in writing, by telephone, or through a financial intermediary and will be paid by check or wire transfer.

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Tax Information. Distributions you receive from the Portfolio, whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Portfolio shares or receive them in cash, are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-free plan, in which case your distributions generally will be taxed when withdrawn from the tax-deferred account. The Portfolio’s investment techniques may cause more of the Portfolio’s income dividends and capital gains distributions to be taxable at ordinary income tax rates than it would if it did not engage in such techniques.

Financial Intermediary Compensation. If you purchase the Portfolio through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Manager and/or the Portfolio’s distributor may pay the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

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PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND PRINCIPAL RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE PORTFOLIO

Investment Objectives

The investment objective of the Portfolio is to seek to provide a high level of risk-adjusted current income and capital appreciation. Capital preservation is a secondary objective.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio seeks to achieve its investment objectives, under normal conditions, by investing at least 80% of the Portfolio’s net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes in structured credit securities, and in other investments that have economic characteristics similar to such securities. Structured credit securities include, but are not limited to, MBS, including RMBS, CMBS; ABS; CMOs; CLOs; CBOs; CDOs; mortgage derivatives such as stripped RMBS and inverse floaters; and other securitized assets. A stripped RMBS is created when a traditional RMBS is split into an interest-only and a principal-only strip. A stripped RMBS gives its holder the right to interest payments or principal payments, but not both. An inverse floater is a type of derivative instrument with a floating or variable interest rate that moves in the opposite direct of the interest rate on another security, usually a floating rate note. The use of inverse floaters by the Portfolio creates effective leverage.

The Portfolio’s investments in RMBS may include agency and nonagency RMBS, including TBA and non-U.S. dollar denominated RMBS. The Portfolio’s investments in CMOs may include whole loan CMOs backed by prime, Alt-A and subprime collateral. The Sub-Adviser considers prime loans to represent borrowers with good to excellent credit; the Sub-Adviser considers subprime loans to represent borrowers with a higher risk of default than loans to prime borrowers and therefore carry higher interest rates; and the Sub-Adviser considers Alt-A loans to represent borrowers with a credit risk profile between that of prime and subprime loans. The Portfolio’s investments in ABS include ABS backed by student loans, auto loans, or nontraditional collateral such as single family rentals and aircraft leases.

The Portfolio concentrates its investments (i.e., invests more than 25% of its net assets) in RMBS, CMBS, and other mortgage-related securities (such as CMOs), and treats such investments as investments in a group of industries. The Portfolio may also invest in corporate

bonds and other fixed income securities. The Portfolio seeks to outperform the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index with lower volatility than that index.

The Portfolio seeks to minimize interest rate risk by maintaining a short to intermediate average portfolio duration (i.e., within a zero to three (0 to 3) year range, as calculated by the Sub-Adviser, although the Portfolio’s duration may be shorter or longer at any time or from time to time depending on market conditions and other factors). While the Portfolio seeks to maintain a short to intermediate average portfolio duration, there is no limit on the maturity or duration of any individual security in which the Portfolio may invest. In addition, the Sub-Adviser manages the liquidity of the Portfolio’s holdings at both the individual security level and the portfolio level, using a proprietary technique that attempts to optimize the tradeoff between the yield and liquidity of the portfolio.

 

The Portfolio may sell securities short from time to time, generally in conjunction with long positions with similar characteristics for the purposes of managing interest rate or credit spread risk or for exploiting relative value differences between two securities, not for predicting the overall direction of the market. The Portfolio may also employ TBA for these short selling activities. TBA sales are forward-settling sales of agency MBS where the underlying pools of mortgage loans are not known at the time of the original transaction, but are announced just before settlement based on a “cheapest-to-deliver” algorithm.

 

The Portfolio may invest in options, futures and swaps (including interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, total return swaps and swaptions). The Portfolio may invest in such instruments, without limitation, for hedging purposes designed to manage interest rate, credit spread and other risks. The Portfolio may in the future deploy credit derivatives such as long/short CMBX Indices (“CMBX”) and ABX Indices (“ABX”) positions to express relative value views within CMBS and ABS markets and to hedge credit spread risk at the overall portfolio level. CMBX and ABX are indices measuring the performance of certain tranches of CMBS and ABS, respectively. The Portfolio may also utilize leverage through reverse repurchase agreements or borrowing against a line of credit, subject to the limits of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

 

The Portfolio may invest without limit in debt securities that are rated below investment grade (also known as “junk bonds”). The Sub-Adviser defines investment grade securities as those that are rated BBB or higher by S&P or Baa or higher by Moody’s, for example, or are rated investment grade by any other NRSRO, or if unrated, determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality.

 

To manage risk, the Sub-Adviser relies primarily on its own analysis of the credit quality and other risks associated with individual fixed-income securities considered for the Portfolio, rather than relying exclusively on rating agencies or third-party research. The Sub-Adviser utilizes the results of this analysis, supplemented with third party research in an attempt to minimize credit risk and to identify securities, issuers, industries or sectors that it believes are undervalued thus offering potentially attractive returns or yields relative to the Sub-Adviser’s assessment of their overall risk characteristics.

 

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The Portfolio may invest a significant portion of its assets in Rule 144A securities, as a significant portion of current issuance in the ABS and MBS markets are Rule 144A securities.

 

The Portfolio employs a value style investing approach that seeks to invest in securities providing undervalued cash flows within markets the Sub-Adviser deems inefficient. When investing Portfolio assets in all types of securities, the Sub-Adviser analyzes their expected future cash flows based on collateral composition and expected performance, deal structure including credit enhancement, state variables such as interest shortfalls and servicer advances and other factors in order to project expected return parameters such as yield and average life.

The Sub-Adviser, using a quantitative analysis model, projects security cash flows and values such cash flows at what it deems to be the appropriate discount rate based on price discovery resulting from relatively active trading and publicly available pricing information. The Sub-Adviser’s proprietary quantitative model to evaluate RMBS securities considers borrower and servicer behavior in projecting, at the loan-level, prepayment and default probability, default severity, and other factors affecting the cash flows of the security, which are then analyzed not only to identify undervalued securities, but also to stress test the credit risk of those securities.

The Sub-Adviser considers selling securities when such securities have reached their price/valuation targets. The Sub-Adviser may also consider selling securities when the Sub-Adviser believes securities have become overvalued, and replacing them with securities the Sub-Adviser believes to be undervalued to seek to offer the Portfolio better relative value and performance expectations. The Sub-Adviser may also sell and replace securities.

 

The Portfolio’s investments in the types of securities described in this Prospectus vary from time to time and, at any time, the Portfolio may not be invested in all types of securities described in this Prospectus. The Portfolio may also invest in securities and other investments not described in this Prospectus, but which are described in the Statement of Additional Information. Any percentage limitations with respect to assets of the Portfolio are applied at the time of purchase.

 

General Investment Policies of the Portfolio

Temporary or Cash Investments. Under normal market conditions, the Portfolio will seek to stay fully invested according to its principal investment strategies as noted above. The Portfolio, however, may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies by making short-term investments in cash, cash equivalents, and high-quality, short-term debt securities and money market instruments, including affiliated and unaffiliated instruments, for temporary defensive purposes in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions. This may result in the Portfolio not achieving its investment objectives during that period. To the extent that the Portfolio uses a money market fund for its cash position, there will be some duplication of expenses because the Portfolio would bear its pro rata portion of such money market fund’s advisory fees and operational expenses.

Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) Exclusion. The Manager, with respect to the Portfolio, has filed with the National Futures Association, a notice claiming an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the CEA, as amended, and the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) promulgated thereunder, and therefore is

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not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator. In addition, with respect to the Portfolio, the Manager is relying upon a related exclusion from the definition of a “commodity trading advisor” under the CEA and the rules of the CFTC.

Change in Investment Objectives and Strategies. The Portfolio’s investment objectives and strategies are non-fundamental (unless otherwise indicated) and may be changed by the Board without the approval of the Portfolio’s shareholders.

Principal Risks of Investing in the Portfolio

This section provides additional information relating to the Portfolio’s investment objectives, strategies and risks. As with any mutual fund, it is possible to lose money by investing in the Portfolio. There is no assurance that the Portfolio will achieve its investment objectives. When you sell your Portfolio shares, they may be worth less than what you paid for them and, accordingly, you can lose money investing in the Portfolio.

Active Trading Risk. The Portfolio may engage in frequent trading of portfolio securities that may result in increased transaction costs, thereby lowering its actual return. Frequent trading also may increase short term gains and losses, which may affect tax liability.

Basis Risk. Basis risk refers to, among other things, the lack of the desired or expected correlation between a hedging instrument or strategy and the underlying assets being hedged. This results in reduced effectiveness of the hedging instrument or strategy, which adversely effects the Portfolio in terms of increased hedging costs or reduced risk mitigation.

CLO, CBO and CDO Risk. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. A CBO is a trust which is often backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed income securities. The collateral can be from many different types of fixed income securities such as high-yield debt, residential privately issued mortgage-related securities, commercial privately-issued mortgage related securities, trust preferred securities and emerging market debt. CDOs are trusts backed by other types of assets representing obligations of various parties. CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses. For CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which is the first loss piece, serving to protect the other more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Because of this credit enhancement, senior tranches of CLOs, CBOs, and other CDOs typically have higher ratings and lower yields than their underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite credit enhancement, CLOs, CBOs or other CDOs tranches can experience substantial losses due to higher than expected defaults, decrease in tranche market value due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CLOs, CBOs or other CDOs securities as a class. The risks of an investment in a CLO, CBO or other CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral and the class of the instrument in which the Portfolio invests. Normally, CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs may be characterized by the Portfolio as illiquid securities, however an active dealer

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market may exist for CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs allowing them to qualify for Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed-income instruments discussed elsewhere in this prospectus (e.g., prepayment risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, interest rate risk and default risk), CLOs, CBOs and other CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) risks related to CLO, CBO or other CDO managers; (iv) the risk associated with the Portfolio investing in CLOs, CBOs or other CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; and (v) the complexity of the structure of the security may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.

Counterparty Risk.  Certain OTC derivative instruments, such as OTC swaps and options, are subject to the risk that the other party to a contract will not fulfill its contractual obligations. The Sub-Adviser attempts to mitigate this risk by not entering into transactions with any counterparty that the Sub-Adviser believes does not have the financial resources to honor its obligations under the transaction and by monitoring the financial stability of counterparties.

Credit Risk.  The issuers of fixed income instruments in which the Portfolio invests may experience financial difficulty and may be unable to meet interest and/or principal payments, thereby causing its instruments to decrease in value and lowering the issuer’s credit rating.

Credit Spread Risk. Credit spread risk is the risk that credit spreads (i.e., the difference in yield between securities that is due to differences in their credit quality) may increase when the market believes that bonds generally have a greater risk of default. Increasing credit spreads may reduce the market values of the Portfolio’s debt securities. Credit spreads often increase more for lower rated and unrated securities than for investment grade securities. In addition, when credit spreads increase, reductions in market value will generally be greater for longer-maturity securities.

Currency/Exchange Rate Risk. The dollar value of the Portfolio's foreign investments will be affected by changes in the exchange rates between the dollar and the currencies in which those investments are traded. The Portfolio may buy or sell currencies other than the U.S. dollar in order to capitalize on anticipated changes in exchange rates. There is no guarantee that these investments will be successful.

Derivatives Risk.  A derivative is an investment whose value depends on (or is derived from) the value of an underlying asset (including an underlying security), reference rate or index. The derivatives that the Portfolio primarily expects to use include options, futures and swaps. Derivatives may be volatile and some derivatives have the potential for loss that is greater than the Portfolio’s initial investment. OTC derivatives, which are those not cleared and settled through a central exchange, may be more difficult to purchase, sell or value than more traditional investments, such as stocks or bonds, because there may be fewer purchasers or sellers of the derivative instrument or the derivative instrument may require participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. The Portfolio may also lose money on a derivative if the counterparty (issuer) fails to pay the amount due. If a counterparty were to default on its obligations, the Portfolio’s contractual remedies against such counterparty may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws, which could affect the Portfolio’s rights as a creditor (e.g., the Portfolio may not receive the amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to

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receive). The Portfolio may also lose money on a derivative if the underlying asset on which the derivative is based, or the derivative itself, does not perform as the Manager or Sub-Adviser anticipated. Shareholders of the Portfolio may incur higher taxes as a result of its investing in derivatives.

 

Special Risks of Futures. The liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent that participants decide to make or take delivery of the underlying investments, liquidity in this market could be reduced. Futures contracts can be purchased with relatively small amounts of initial margin compared to the cash value of the contracts. This economic leverage can increase the volatility of the Portfolio. Even a well-conceived futures transaction may be unsuccessful due to market events.

 

Special Risks of Inverse Floaters. Inverse variable or floating rate obligations, sometimes referred to as inverse floaters, are a type of over-the-counter derivative debt instrument with a variable or floating coupon rate that moves in the opposite direction of an underlying reference, typically short-term interest rates. While inverse floaters tend to provide more income than similar term and credit quality fixed-rate bonds, they also exhibit greater volatility in price movement, which could result in significant losses for the Portfolio. An inverse floater may have the effect of investment leverage to the extent that its coupon rate varies by a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude of the change in the index or reference rate of interest, which could result in increased losses for the Portfolio. Inverse floaters can increase the Portfolio’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, currency/exchange rate risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Portfolio to counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.

 

Special Risks of Swaps. OTC swap transactions are two-party transactions and are therefore often less liquid than other types of investments, and the Portfolio may be unable to sell or terminate its swap positions at a desired time or price. Certain swaps, such as total return swaps where two parties agree to “swap” payments on defined underlying assets or interest rates, can have the potential for unlimited losses. OTC swaps are also subject to the risk that the swap counterparty will not fulfill its contractual obligations. The swaps market is subject to extensive regulation under Dodd–Frank and certain SEC and CFTC rules promulgated thereunder. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including new and additional government regulation, could result in higher Portfolio costs and expenses and could adversely affect the Portfolio’s ability, among other things, to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.

 

CDS are typically two-party financial contracts that transfer credit exposure between the two parties. Under a typical CDS, one party (the “seller” or “seller of protection”) receives pre-determined periodic payments from the other party (the “buyer” or “buyer of protection”). The seller agrees to make compensating specific payments to the buyer if a negative credit event occurs, such as the bankruptcy or default by the issuer of the underlying debt instrument. The use of CDS involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions, such as potentially heightened credit and counterparty risks. The Portfolio will not act as a seller of protection.

 

A swaption is an options contract on a swap agreement. These transactions give a party the right (but not the obligation) to enter into new swap agreements or to shorten, extend, cancel or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement at some designated future time on specified terms, in return for payment of the purchase price (the “premium”) of the option. The Portfolio may write (sell) and purchase put and call swaptions to the same extent it may make use of standard options on securities or other instruments. The writer of the contract receives the premium and bears the risk of unfavorable changes in the market value on the underlying swap agreement. Swaptions can be bundled and sold as a package. These are commonly called interest rate caps, floors and collars.

 

Special Risks of Options. If the Portfolio sells (writes) a put option, there is risk that the Portfolio may be required to buy the underlying investment at a disadvantageous price. If the Portfolio sells a call option, there is risk that the Portfolio may be required to sell the underlying

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investment at a disadvantageous price. If the Portfolio purchases a put option or call option, there is risk that the price of the underlying investment will move in a direction that causes the option to expire worthless.

 

Government Securities Risk. The Portfolio may invest in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies and instrumentalities (such as securities issued by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, or Freddie Mac). U.S. government securities are subject to investment and market risk, interest rate risk and credit risk. Securities, such as those issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae or the U.S. Treasury, that are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity and the market prices for such securities will fluctuate. Notwithstanding that these securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, circumstances could arise that would prevent the payment of interest or principal. This would result in losses to the Portfolio. Securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-related organizations, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will provide financial support. Therefore, U.S. government-related organizations may not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future.

Hedging Strategy Risk.  The hedging strategy employed by the Sub-Adviser is designed to reduce, but not necessarily eliminate, losses resulting from volatility and market declines. Even where the hedging strategy is used successfully, the Portfolio is likely to experience loss in value during periods of volatility and/or market declines. It is important to know that the hedging strategy is not intended to hedge all risk in the Portfolio and may not be successful in reducing volatility or offsetting market declines. Also, the hedging strategy may prevent the Portfolio from achieving higher investment returns than may be available by investing in an unhedged portfolio or a comparable mutual fund without a similar hedging strategy and the Portfolio’s use of derivatives will increase the Portfolio’s expenses. If markets move in a manner that the Sub-Adviser did not anticipate, it is possible that the hedging strategy could result in losses and/or expenses that are greater than if the Portfolio did not include the hedging strategy.

High Yield Bond (Junk Bond) Risk. High yield, below investment grade and unrated high risk debt securities (which also may be known as “junk bonds”) may present additional risks because these securities may be less liquid, and therefore more difficult to value accurately and sell at an advantageous price or time, present more credit risk than investment grade bonds and may be subject to greater risk of default. The values of junk bonds fluctuate more than those of high-quality bonds in response to company, political, regulatory or economic developments.

Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk refers to the risk that bond prices generally fall as interest rates rise; conversely, bond prices generally rise as interest rates fall. Specific bonds differ in their sensitivity to changes in interest rates depending on their individual characteristics. One measure of this sensitivity is called duration. The longer the duration of a particular bond, the

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greater is its price sensitivity to interest rates. Similarly, a longer duration portfolio of securities has greater price sensitivity. Falling interest rates may also prompt some issuers to refinance existing debt, which could affect the Portfolio’s performance. Given that the Federal Reserve has been raising interest rates, the Portfolio may face a heightened level of interest rate risk.

 

Investment and Market Risk. An investment in the Portfolio’s common shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount invested. An investment in the Portfolio’s common shares represents an indirect investment in the securities owned by the Portfolio, which are generally traded on a securities exchange or in the OTC markets. The value of these securities, like other market investments, may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The Portfolio’s common shares at any point in time may be worth less than the original investment, even after taking into account any reinvestment of dividends and distributions. Securities in the Portfolio’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in general financial markets, a particular financial market or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, natural disasters or events, terrorism, regulatory events and government controls.

 

Investment Focus Risk. The Portfolio concentrates its investments in mortgage- and real estate-related securities, as described in the principal investment strategies section of this prospectus, and, as a result, the Portfolio’s performance will depend on the overall condition of that group of industries and the specific underlying securities to a much greater extent than a less concentrated fund. There is increased risk to the Portfolio if conditions adversely affect that group of industries.

 

Leverage Risk. Leverage created from borrowing money or certain types of transactions or instruments, including derivatives, may impair the Portfolio's liquidity, cause it to liquidate positions at an unfavorable time, increase volatility or otherwise not achieve its intended objective. These investments may be more volatile than investments in unlevered securities, which may increase the volatility of the Portfolio.

 

Liquidity Risk.  The Portfolio may hold illiquid securities that it is unable to sell at the preferred time or price and could lose its entire investment in such securities. Investments with an active trading market or that the Sub-Adviser otherwise deems liquid could become illiquid before the Portfolio can exit its positions. Because Rule 144A securities are subject to certain restrictions on secondary market trading, they may be less liquid than registered, publicly traded securities. Therefore, Rule 144A securities carry the risk that the liquidity of these securities may become impaired, making it more difficult for the Portfolio to sell these securities.

 

Management Risk. There is no guarantee that the investment techniques and risk analysis used by the portfolio managers will produce the desired results. The Portfolio’s successful pursuit of its investment objectives depends upon the Sub-Adviser’s proprietary quantitative analysis model and the Sub-Adviser’s ability to manage the Portfolio in accordance with such model. The Sub-Adviser's assessment of the relative value of securities, their attractiveness and potential appreciation of particular investments in which the Portfolio invests may prove to be incorrect.

 

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MBS and ABS Risk.  MBS and ABS have different risk characteristics than traditional debt securities. For example, principal is paid back over the life of the security rather than at maturity. Although the value of fixed-income securities generally increases during periods of falling interest rates and decreases during periods of rising interest rates, this is not always the case with MBS and ABS. This is due to the fact that the borrower’s payments may be prepaid at any time as well as other factors. Generally, prepayments will increase during a period of falling interest rates and decrease during a period of rising interest rates. The rate of prepayments also may be influenced by economic and other factors. Prepayment risk includes the possibility that securities with stated interest rates may have the principal prepaid earlier than expected, which may occur when interest rates decline. Prepayment may expose the Portfolio to a lower rate of return upon reinvestment of principal. Investments in MBS and ABS are made based upon, among other things, expectations regarding the rate of prepayments on the underlying loans. Rates of prepayment faster or slower than expected by the Manager could reduce the Portfolio’s yield, increase the volatility of the Portfolio and/or cause a decline in NAV.

MBS and ABS are also subject to extension risk, which is the risk that the issuer of such a security pays back the principal of an obligation later than expected, which may occur when interest rates rise. This may have an adverse effect on returns, as the value of the security decreases when principal payments are made later than expected. In addition, the Portfolio may be prevented from investing proceeds it would otherwise have received at a given time at the higher prevailing interest rates. Certain MBS and ABS may be more volatile and less liquid than other traditional types of debt securities. Certain MBS and ABS may be more volatile and less liquid than other traditional types of debt securities. Certain ABS do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the related collateral as do MBS. Additionally, the value of ABS are subject to risks associated with the servicers’ performance. Privately issued mortgage-related securities are not subject to the same underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those mortgage-related securities that have government or government-sponsored entity guarantee. As a result, the mortgage loans underlying privately issued mortgage-related securities may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics than government or government-sponsored mortgage-related securities and have wider variances in a number of terms including interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics. Small balance CMBS may have fewer financial resources and less available public information than other types of MBS. In addition, an unexpectedly high rate of defaults on the mortgages held by a mortgage pool may adversely affect the value of an MBS and could result in losses to the Portfolio. The risk of such defaults is generally higher in the case of mortgage pools that include subprime mortgages.

 

New Adviser Risk. Although certain principals of the Sub-Adviser have managed U.S. registered mutual funds, the Sub-Adviser has not previously managed a U.S. registered mutual fund and has only recently registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. As a result, there is no long-term track record against which an investor may judge the Sub-Adviser and it is possible that the Sub-Adviser may not achieve the Portfolio’s intended investment objectives.

 

Quantitative Strategy Risk. The Portfolio may use quantitative mathematical models that rely on patterns inferred from historical prices and other financial data in evaluating prospective investments. However, most quantitative models cannot fully match the complexity of the financial markets and therefore sudden unanticipated changes in underlying market conditions

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can significantly impact the performance of the Portfolio. Further, as market dynamics shift over time, a previously highly successful model may become outdated – perhaps without the Sub-Adviser recognizing that fact before substantial losses are incurred. Moreover, there are an increasing number of market participants who rely on quantitative mathematical models. These models may be similar to those used by the Portfolio, which may result in a substantial number of market participants taking the same action with respect to an investment and some of these market participants may be substantially larger than the Portfolio.

 

Real Estate Risk. MBS investments are subject to real estate risk, as the underlying loans securitizing the MBS are themselves collateralized by residential or commercial real estate. In the event real estate prices fall, the credit risk of MBS increases in at least two ways. First, a homeowner or landlord may be more likely to default on a mortgage if the real estate being financed is worth less that the loan balance (i.e., a negative equity position). Second, in the event of a default for whatever reason, the value of the real estate securing the loan would be lower, potentially resulting in a lower recovery.

 

Regulatory Risk. Regulatory authorities in the United States or other countries may restrict the ability of the Portfolio to fully implement its strategy, either generally, or with respect to certain securities, industries, or countries. In addition, possible legislation in the area of residential mortgages, credit cards and other consumer loans that may collateralize the securities in which the Portfolio may invest could negatively impact the value of the Portfolio’s investments.

 

Repurchase Agreements Risk. Risks associated with repurchase agreements are primarily counterparty risk resulting from the other party failing to repurchase the securities in a timely manner, or at all, in the event of a bankruptcy or other default by the seller, causing the Portfolio to experience delays in liquidating the underlying security and losses in the case of a decline in the value of the underlying security while the Portfolio is seeking to enforce its rights under the repurchase agreement.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements Risk. Risks associated with repurchase agreements are primarily counterparty risk resulting from the other party failing to sell back the securities in a timely manner, or at all, in the event of a bankruptcy or other default by the seller. Since reverse repurchase agreements are generally overcollateralized by the Portfolio, failure of the counterparty to allow the Portfolio to repurchase the security could result in the loss of the excess collateral (“haircut”) posted by the Portfolio. Second, in the case of an increase in the value of the underlying security, the Portfolio would lose that additional value if the counterparty defaults on the second leg of the trade. Third, even if the counterparty eventually sells the collateral back to the Portfolio at the agreed upon price, the Portfolio would lose investment discretion over the security while the Portfolio is seeking to enforce its rights under the repurchase agreement, possibly resulting in a missed opportunity for the Portfolio to sell the security at an advantageous price.

Short Sales Risk. Short sales may cause the Portfolio to repurchase a security at a higher price, thereby causing the Portfolio to incur a loss. A short position in a security poses more risk than holding the same security long. As there is no limit on how much the price of the security can increase, the Portfolio’s exposure is unlimited. In order to establish a short position in a security, the Portfolio must borrow the security from a broker. The Portfolio may not always be able to

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borrow a security the Portfolio seeks to sell short at a particular time or at an acceptable price. The Portfolio also may not always be able to close out the short position by replacing the borrowed securities at a particular time or at an acceptable price. The Portfolio will incur increased transaction costs associated with selling securities short. In addition, taking short positions in securities results in a form of leverage which may cause the Portfolio to be volatile.

 

Until the Portfolio replaces a security borrowed in connection with a short sale, it may be required to segregate cash or liquid assets to cover the Portfolio’s short position. Generally, securities held in a segregated account cannot be sold unless they are replaced with other liquid assets. The Portfolio’s ability to access the segregated collateral may also be impaired in the event the broker becomes bankrupt, insolvent or otherwise fails to comply with its obligations. The Portfolio may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in these circumstances.

 

Stripped MBS Risk. Stripped mortgage-backed securities are a type of mortgage-backed security that receive differing proportions of the interest and principal payments from the underlying assets. Generally, there are two classes of stripped mortgage-backed securities: IO and PO.  The cash flows and yields on IOs and POs are extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying mortgage loans or mortgage-backed securities. A rapid rate of principal payments may adversely affect the yield to maturity of IOs. A slow rate of principal payments may adversely affect the yield to maturity of POs. If prepayments of principal are greater than anticipated, an investor in IOs may incur substantial losses. If prepayments of principal are slower than anticipated, the yield on a PO will be affected more severely than would be the case with a traditional mortgage-backed security.

 

Sub-Prime and Alt-A Mortgage Risk. Subprime loans refer to loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments on their loans. Alt-A loans refer to loans extended to borrowers who have incomplete documentation of income, assets, or other variables that are important to the credit underwriting process. The loan collateral backing some MBS may be considered "subprime" or “Alt-A” at the time of loan origination based on the lower credit quality or other risk factors of the borrower, making it more likely to default than loans considered "prime." The overall credit risk of MBS is a function of a number of factors, primarily the seniority of the bond in the capital structure, the amount and type of credit enhancement, and the type and performance of the loan collateral. Therefore, all else equal with respect to seniority and credit enhancement, MBS backed by subprime or Alt-A collateral pose more credit risk to the Portfolio than those backed by prime loan collateral. In addition, the Portfolio may experience difficulty in the management and reinvestment of its investments subprime or Alt-A mortgage loans due to fluctuating interest rates and market volatility and the Portfolio may incur losses on such investments.

 

TBA Securities Risk. The Portfolio may buy or sell TBA securities, particularly in the case of agency MBS, for which there is an extremely active, liquid market. TBA are forward-settling trades where the underlying pools of mortgage loans are not known at the time of the original transaction but that meet specified terms and are announced just before settlement based on a “cheapest-to-deliver” algorithm. These transactions are essentially futures transactions, involve when-issued securities, and can be short sales. Therefore, they involve all the risks associated with those instruments and transactions, described herein.

Value Style Investing Risk. Value investing strategies involve obtaining exposure to individual investments or market sectors that are out of favor and/or undervalued in comparison to their peers or their prospects for growth. Because different types of investments go out of favor with investors depending on market and economic conditions, the Portfolio’s return may be adversely affected during market downturns and when value investment strategies are out of favor.

When-Issued Securities Risk. The price or yield obtained in a when-issued transaction may be less favorable than the price or yield available in the market when the securities delivery takes place. Also, a when-issued security transaction has potentially more counterparty risk than a regularly settling trade because of the potentially extended settlement period, which increases the

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risk that the other party to the when-issued transaction fails to consummate the trade, resulting in a loss to the Portfolio or missed opportunity to profit from the trade.

 

Shares of the Portfolio are not bank deposits and are not guaranteed or insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

A description of the Portfolio’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Portfolio’s securities is available in the Trust’s Statement of Additional Information.

The Trust discloses the Portfolio’s top holdings on a calendar quarter basis with a one to three-week lag on its public website until they are included in the Trust’s next shareholder report or quarterly report. The Portfolio will make available complete month-end portfolio holdings information with a 30-day lag. Such information can be obtained by calling 1-800-807-FUND.

In addition, you may obtain complete Portfolio holdings information or other disclosure of holdings as required by applicable legal or regulatory requirements on a fiscal quarterly basis within two months after the end of the fiscal period by calling 1-800-807-FUND.

MANAGEMENT OF THE PORTFOLIO

The Manager

The Portfolio has entered into an Investment Management Agreement (“Management Agreement”) with James Alpha Advisors, LLC, located at 515 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022, under which the Manager manages the Portfolio’s investments subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees. The Manager specializes in identifying, seeding, and growing alternative investments for institutional and individual investors, and is a registered investment adviser. As of [ ], 2018, the Manager managed approximately $[ ] million in assets. Under the Management Agreement, the Portfolio compensates the Manager for its management services at the annual rate of 1.20% of the Portfolio’s average daily net assets, payable on a monthly basis.

 

Subject to the general supervision of the Board of Trustees, the Manager is responsible for managing the Portfolio in accordance with its investment objectives and policies, and making recommendations with respect to the hiring, termination or replacement of sub-advisers. The Manager also maintains related records for the Portfolio.

 

The SEC has granted exemptive relief (the “Order”) to permit the Manager, subject to certain conditions, to enter into and materially amend investment sub-advisory agreements with certain affiliated and unaffiliated sub-advisers on behalf of the Portfolio without shareholder approval. This means that the Manager could reduce a sub-advisory fee and retain a larger percentage of the management fee or increase the sub-advisory fee and retain a smaller percentage of the management fee. Pursuant to the Order, the Manager is not required to disclose its contractual fee arrangements with any sub-adviser. Under a manager of managers structure, the Manager would have ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight of the Board of Trustees, for overseeing

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the Portfolio’s sub-advisers and recommending to the Board of Trustees their hiring, termination, or replacement. Within 90 days of retaining a sub-adviser, shareholders of the Portfolio will receive notification of the change. A manager of managers structure enables the Portfolio to operate with greater efficiency and without incurring the expense and delays associated with obtaining shareholder approval of sub-advisory agreements. The structure does not permit investment advisory fees paid by the Portfolio to be increased or change the Manager’s obligations under the investment advisory agreement, including the Manager’s responsibility to monitor and oversee sub-advisory services furnished to the Portfolio, without shareholder approval. The structure does not permit investment advisory fees paid by the Portfolio to be increased or change the Manager’s obligations under the investment advisory agreement, including the Manager’s responsibility to monitor and oversee sub-advisory services furnished to the Portfolio, without shareholder approval.

 

Pursuant to the Operating Expense Limitation Agreement, James Alpha has agreed to waive all of the management fee payable to James Alpha by the Portfolio on Class S assets, less any portion of such fee that is payable by James Alpha to the Sub-Adviser. The Expense Limitation Agreement can be terminated during its term only by, or with the consent of, the Board of Trustees.

 

Portfolio Expenses. The Portfolio is responsible for its own operating expenses. Pursuant to an operating expense limitation, the Manager has agreed to pay expenses of the Portfolio to ensure that the total amount of Portfolio operating expenses (excluding front-end and contingent deferred sales loads, interest and tax expenses, leverage, dividends and interest on short positions, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger, reorganization or liquidation, extraordinary or non-routine expenses for the Portfolio and Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses) do not exceed 1.49% of the Portfolio’s average net assets for Class S shares through March 31, 2020, subject thereafter to annual re-approval of the agreement by the Board of Trustees. Any payment of expenses made by the Manager may be reimbursed by the Portfolio in subsequent fiscal years if the Manager so requests. This reimbursement may be requested if the aggregate amount actually paid by the Manager toward operating expenses for such fiscal year (taking into account the reimbursement) does not exceed the applicable limitation on Portfolio expenses. The Manager is permitted to be reimbursed by the Portfolio for management fees waived (other than on Class S shares) and/or expense payments made by the Manager within three (3) years of the end of the fiscal year in which such fees were waived or expenses paid as long as the reimbursement does not cause the Portfolio’s operating expenses to exceed (i) the expense cap in place at the time the expenses were incurred; or (ii) the current Expense Cap, whichever is less. Any such reimbursement will be reviewed and approved by the Board of Trustees. The Portfolio must pay its current ordinary operating expenses before the Manager is entitled to any reimbursement of expenses. The operating expense limitation agreement can be terminated during its term only by, or with the consent of, the Trust’s Board of Trustees.

 

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the Management Agreement and the Sub-Advisory Agreement will be included in the Portfolio’s first report to shareholders issued after the commencement of the Portfolio’s operations.

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The Sub-Adviser

The Manager, on behalf of the Portfolio, has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with Orange Investment Advisers, LLC and the Manager compensates the Sub-Adviser out of the investment advisory fees it receives from the Portfolio. The Sub-Adviser makes investment decisions for the assets it has been allocated to manage, subject to the overall supervision of the Manager. The Manager oversees the Sub-Adviser for compliance with the Portfolio’s investment objectives, policies, strategies and restrictions, and monitors the Sub-Adviser’s adherence to its investment style. The Board of Trustees supervises the Manager and the Sub-Adviser, establishes policies that they must follow in their management activities, and oversees the hiring and termination of sub-advisers recommended by the Manager.

 

The Sub-Adviser is a registered investment adviser located at 243 W. Park Avenue, Suite 201, Winter Park, FL 32789. The Sub-Adviser is a Delaware limited liability company that was formed in 2017. Its only client is the Portfolio. As of [ ], the Sub-Adviser had regulatory assets under management totaling approximately $[ ].

Portfolio Managers

Jay Menozzi and Boris Peresechensky are responsible for the day-to-day management of the Portfolio. Akos Beleznay, Kevin R. Greene, Michael J. Montague, and James S. Vitalie are responsible for the oversight of the Portfolio’s day-to-day portfolio managers.

Jay Menozzi, a Chartered Financial Analyst, has been the Chief Investment Officer and a Portfolio Manager with the Sub-Adviser since October 2017. Prior to joining the Sub-Adviser, Mr. Menozzi held several positions over 17 years at Semper Capital LP. He joined Semper in 1999 as the Head of Mortgages, and most recently served as the firm’s Chief Investment Officer from 2010 until his departure in 2016, as well as Lead Portfolio Manager of the Semper MBS Total Return Fund from its inception through 2015. Prior to Semper, Mr. Menozzi spent 12 years at Atlantic Portfolio Analytics and Management. His experience included managing mortgage pass-throughs and mortgage derivatives, in long only and leveraged portfolios. Prior to managing portfolios, he spent four years developing analytical and operational systems, including one of the early CMO cash flow models. He began his career as an electrical engineer at Harris Corp. Mr. Menozzi holds a BS in Electrical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a MBA from the Florida Institute of Technology.

Boris Peresechensky, a Chartered Financial Analyst, has been a Portfolio Manager and Senior Trader with the Sub-Adviser since October 2017. Prior to joining the Sub-Adviser, Mr. Peresechensky held several positions at Semper Capital LP, working in research and development, structured credit trading, and most recently as a Senior Portfolio Manager/Trader of structured products. He also worked as a Risk Manager at Bayview Financial Trading Group and a Risk Analyst/Junior Portfolio Manager at HSBC Securities and at Lazard Asset Management. Mr. Peresechensky holds a BA from Columbia University.

 

Akos Beleznay serves as Chief Investment Officer of the Manager and is responsible for managing research and asset allocation for the Manager. Prior to joining the Manager, Mr. Beleznay was the Chief Investment Officer at Riverside, the asset management arm of HFR (Hedge Fund Research, Inc.) managing over one billion dollars of fund of hedge fund products. Before Riverside, Mr. Beleznay served as the Chief Investment Officer at Commerce Asset

25 
 

Management and CSG Asset Management with responsibility for managing funds of hedge funds and a hedge fund index replication product. Mr. Beleznay also served as the Director of Consulting Research for Equitas Capital Advisors, LLC from 2002 to 2010 and the Chief Investment Officer of Equitas Evergreen Fund LP, a fund of hedge funds with $300 million in assets, from 2003 to 2010. Mr. Beleznay has a PhD degree in Physics from Eotvos Lorand University, Hungary and an MBA from Tulane University.

 

Kevin R. Greene serves as a Managing Partner of the Manager, and is responsible for overseeing the day to day management of the firm. Mr. Greene is the former Chairman & CEO of Capital Resource Holdings, LLC the holding company parent of CRA RogersCasey, one of the leading pension consulting firms in the United States. Prior to CRA RogersCasey, he founded Bryant Park Capital, a privately held investment bank specializing in private equity financing and mergers and acquisitions for both private and public companies in the U.S. and Europe. Since 1991, Mr. Greene has served as the Chairman and CEO of KR Group, an international consulting and investment banking firm which he founded.

Michael J. Montague serves as Chief Operating Officer of the Manager and is responsible for daily operations of the Manager as well as independent risk monitoring for the Manager’s funds. Most recently Mr. Montague worked as a Portfolio Manager for a global macro fund primarily responsible for commodity research and trading. Mr. Montague previously served as a Portfolio Manager for Chapin Hill Advisors, Inc., overseeing asset allocation, trading, and investment activity. Prior to Chapin Hill Advisors, Mr. Montague served as a Portfolio Manager for the Cayuga MBA Fund LLC, a long/short equity hedge fund. He began his career with Schlumberger where he spent six years working as a Senior Geophysicist in Schlumberger’s Oilfield Services division.

 

James S. Vitalie serves as Chief Executive Officer of the Manager and has over 20 years of experience successfully building financial services firms. Formerly the Institutional Group Head of Old Mutual Capital serving on the Executive and Product Development Committees, Mr. Vitalie was responsible for distribution and marketing of mutual funds, separate accounts and registered hedge fund of fund products. Prior to Old Mutual, Mr. Vitalie was the President of Curian Capital, an industry leading managed account platform. At Curian, Mr. Vitalie created the infrastructure of the asset management firm, developed and executed its strategic plan, and served as the Chairman of the Investment Policy Committee. Additionally, Mr. Vitalie was President of Foliofn Institutional, a financial services and technology company. As President of Century Business Services (CBZ) Retirement and Wealth Management Services division Mr. Vitalie created the strategic direction of the company, led the acquisition and integration efforts for the division and established their broker dealer and registered investment advisor. While at CBZ Mr. Vitalie was also responsible for securing the financing and launching of Allbridge Solutions as well as serving as its President and COO. Prior to CBZ, Mr. Vitalie was a partner at The Benefits Group, where he was responsible for the pension and investment services group. Lastly, Mr. Vitalie practiced corporate transactional law at Eckert, Seamans, Cherin & Mellott. Mr. Vitalie is also an officer of the Trust.

The SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by the Portfolio Managers and the Portfolio Managers’ ownership of securities in the Portfolio.

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Supervision

Saratoga Capital Management, LLC (“SCM”), 1616 N. Litchfield Rd., Suite 165, Goodyear, Arizona 85395, serves the Portfolio in a supervision capacity with responsibility to monitor the performance of the Portfolio’s outside service providers (other than sub-advisers, if any, which are monitored by the Manager), assist in the review of financial statements and other regulatory filings and board meeting materials related to the Portfolio. As of [ ], 2018, SCM had approximately $[ ] million in assets under management. Pursuant to the supervision agreement with the Portfolio, the Portfolio pays SCM an annual supervision fee of the greater of $15,000 or 0.10% of the Portfolio’s average daily net assets, payable on a monthly basis, which fee decreases at various asset levels. SCM, a Delaware limited liability company, also acts as investment manager to certain other portfolios of the Saratoga Advantage Trust (the “Saratoga Funds”).

The Trust is designed to help investors to implement an asset allocation strategy to meet their individual needs as well as select individual investments within each asset category among the myriad of choices available. The Trust provides, on a periodic basis, a report to the investor containing an analysis and evaluation of the investor’s account. Shares of Class S are offered exclusively to participants in investment programs offered by investment advisers and broker-dealers that are affiliates of the Manager that provide asset allocation recommendations to investors based on an evaluation of each investor’s objectives and risk tolerance.

 

Administration

The Bank of New York Mellon, located at 225 Liberty Street, New York, New York 10286, is the custodian of the assets of the Trust.

 

Gemini Fund Services, LLC, located at 17605 Wright Street, Suite 2, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, serves as the Trust’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”).

 

Gemini Fund Services, LLC, located at 80 Arkay Drive, Suite 110, Hauppauge, New York 11788, provides administrative (including custody administration) and fund accounting services to the Trust. As such, they manage the administrative affairs of the Trust, calculate the NAV of the shares of the Portfolio, and create and maintain the Trust’s required financial records.

 

SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

Pricing of Portfolio Shares

The price of shares of the Portfolio, called “net asset value” or “NAV,” is based on the value of the Portfolio’s investments.

 

The NAV per share of the Portfolio is determined once daily at the close of trading on the NYSE (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day that the NYSE is open. Shares will not be priced on days that the NYSE is closed.

 

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Generally, the Portfolio’s securities are valued each day at the last quoted sales price on each security’s primary securities exchange. Securities traded or dealt in upon one or more securities exchanges (whether domestic or foreign, and including the National Association of Securities Dealers’ Automated Quotation System (“NASDAQ”)) for which market quotations are readily available and not subject to restrictions against resale shall be valued at the last quoted sales price on the primary securities exchange (or in the case of NASDAQ securities, at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price) or, in the absence of a sale on the primary exchange, at the mean between the current bid and ask prices on the primary exchange. When a market price is not readily available, including circumstances under which the Manager determines that a security’s market price is not accurate, a portfolio security is valued by a pricing committee at its fair value, as determined under procedures established by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. In these cases, the Portfolio’s NAV will reflect certain portfolio securities’ fair value rather than their market price.

 

Debt securities with remaining maturities of sixty days or less at the time of purchase may be valued at amortized cost. The amortized cost valuation method involves valuing a debt obligation in reference to its cost rather than market forces.

 

In addition, with respect to securities that primarily are listed on a foreign exchange, when an event occurs after the close of a foreign exchange that is likely to have changed the value of the foreign securities (for example, a percentage change in value of one or more U.S. securities indices in excess of specified thresholds), such securities will be valued at their fair value, as determined under procedures established by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. Securities also may be fair valued in the event of a development effecting a country or region or an issuer-specific development, which is likely to have changed the value of the security. To the extent that the Portfolio invests in ETFs, the Portfolio’s NAV is calculated, in relevant part, based upon the NAVs of such ETFs (which are registered open-end management investment companies). The prospectuses for these ETFs explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.

 

Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security.

 

The Portfolio’s current NAV per share is made available on the Portfolio’s website at www.saratogacap.com.

 

Purchase of Shares

Shares of Class S are available for purchase exclusively by investment advisers and broker-dealers that are affiliated with the Manager as a means of implementing asset allocation recommendations based on such entity’s client’s investment objectives and risk tolerance. Investors purchasing shares through these investment programs will bear different fees for different levels of services as agreed upon with the investment advisers and broker-dealers offering the programs.

Purchase of shares of the Portfolio must be made through a Financial Intermediary having a sales agreement with Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, the Portfolio’s distributor (the “Distributor”), or

28 
 

through a broker or intermediary designated by that Financial Intermediary, or directly through the Transfer Agent. Shares of the Portfolio are available to participants in consulting programs and to other investors and to investment advisory services. Purchase requests received by the Portfolio in proper form prior to the close of regular trading on the NYSE will be effected at the NAV per share determined on that day. Requests received after the close of regular trading will receive the NAV per share determined on the following business day. A purchase order is deemed to be received by the Portfolio when it is received in good order by the Transfer Agent or by a Financial Intermediary, or a broker or intermediary designated by a Financial Intermediary, authorized to accept purchase orders on behalf of the Trust. The Portfolio, however, reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject any application to purchase shares. Applications will not be accepted unless they are accompanied by a check drawn on a U.S. bank, thrift institution, or credit union in U.S. funds for the full amount of the shares to be purchased. After you open your account, you may purchase additional shares by sending a check together with written instructions stating the name(s) on the account and the account number, to the appropriate address noted below. Make all checks payable to the Portfolio. The Portfolio will not accept payment in cash, including cashier’s checks or money orders. Also, to prevent check fraud, the Portfolio will not accept third party checks, U.S. Treasury checks, credit card checks, or starter checks for the purchase of shares. Not all share classes may be available in all states.

 

Note: Gemini Fund Services, LLC, the Portfolio’s Transfer Agent, will charge a $25 fee against a shareholder’s account, in addition to any loss sustained by the Portfolio, for any check returned to the transfer agent for insufficient funds.

 

For more information regarding the purchase of shares, contact the Trust at 1-800-807-FUND.

Information regarding transaction processing and the establishment of new accounts should be sent to:

via Regular Mail via Overnight Mail

The Saratoga Advantage Trust

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

P.O. Box 541150

Omaha, NE 68154

The Saratoga Advantage Trust

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

17605 Wright Street, Suite 2

Omaha, NE 68130

 

If you wish to wire money to make a subsequent investment in the Portfolio, please call 1-800-807-FUND to receive wiring instructions and to notify the Portfolio that a wire transfer is coming. Any commercial bank can transfer same-day funds by wire. The Portfolio will normally accept wired funds for investment on the day of receipt provided that such funds are received by the Portfolio’s designated bank before the close of regular trading on the NYSE. Your bank may charge you a fee for wiring same-day funds.

PURCHASE OF SHARES IN GOOD ORDER. All purchase requests directly through the Transfer Agent must be received by the transfer agent in “good order.” This means that your request must include:

·The Portfolio and account number.
·The amount of the transaction (in dollars or shares).
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·Accurately completed orders.
·Any supporting legal documentation that may be required.

 

If you are purchasing shares through a Financial Intermediary, please consult your intermediary for purchase instructions. Orders to purchase shares through a Financial Intermediary will be effected at the NAV per share next determined after the purchase order has been received in good order by the Financial Intermediary. The Trust makes available assistance to help certain investors identify their risk tolerance and investment objectives through use of an investor questionnaire, and to select an appropriate model allocation of assets among the Portfolio and the Saratoga Funds. As further assistance, the Trust makes available to certain investors the option of automatic reallocation or rebalancing of their selected model. The Trust also provides, on a periodic basis, a report to the investor containing an analysis and evaluation of the investor’s account.

 

Financial Intermediaries may charge a processing or service fee in connection with the purchase or redemption of Portfolio shares, or other fees. The amount and applicability of such a fee is determined and disclosed to its customers by each individual Financial Intermediary. Processing or service fees typically are fixed, nominal dollar amounts and are in addition to the sales and other charges described in this Prospectus. Your Financial Intermediary will provide you with specific information about any processing or service fees you will be charged.

 

To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. What this means to you: when you open an account we will ask your name, address, date of birth, and other information that will allow us to identify you. If you are unable to verify your identity, we reserve the right to restrict additional transactions and/or liquidate your account at the next calculated NAV after your account is closed (less any applicable sales/account charges and /or tax penalties) or take any other action required by law.

CONTINUOUS OFFERING. There is no minimum investment for Class S shares. The Trust reserves the right at any time to vary initial and subsequent investment minimums.

The sale of shares will be suspended during any period when the determination of NAV is suspended and may be suspended by the Board of Trustees whenever the Board judges it to be in the best interest of the Trust to do so. The Distributor in its sole discretion, may accept or reject any purchase order.

The Manager and/or Distributor may from time to time provide compensation to dealers in connection with sales of shares of the Trust, including financial assistance to dealers in connection with conferences, sales or training programs for their employees, seminars for the public and advertising campaigns.

Generally, the Portfolio reserves the right to reject any purchase requests, including exchanges from the other Saratoga Funds that it regards as disruptive to efficient portfolio management. A purchase request could be rejected because of, amongst other things, the timing or amount of the investment or because of a history of excessive trading by the investor.

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CHOOSING A SHARE CLASS

Description of Classes. The Portfolio has adopted a multiple class plan that allows it to offer one or more classes of shares. The Portfolio has four classes of shares – Class I shares, Class A shares, Class C shares and Class S shares. Only Class S shares are offered in this Prospectus. Class I shares, Class A shares and Class C shares are offered through a separate Prospectus. The different classes of shares represent investments in the same portfolio of securities, but the classes are subject to different expenses and may have different share prices.

Class S shares are no-load shares that do not require that you pay a sales charge. Class S shares do not charge an annual Rule 12b-1 distribution or servicing fee. If you purchase Class S shares of the Portfolio you will pay the NAV next determined after your order is received.

Frequent Purchases And Redemptions Of Trust Shares

“Market-timing” often times involves the frequent purchases and redemptions of shares of the Portfolio by shareholders, and “market-timing” may present risks for other shareholders of the Portfolio, which may include, among other things, dilution in the value of Portfolio shares held by long-term shareholders, interference with the efficient management of the Portfolio, increased brokerage and administrative costs, incurring unwanted taxable gains, and forcing the Portfolio to hold excess levels of cash.

Short term trading strategies also present certain risks based on the Portfolio’s investment objectives, strategies and policies. To the extent that the Portfolio invests substantially in foreign securities it is particularly susceptible to the risk that market timers may take advantage of time zone differences. The foreign securities in which the Portfolio invests may be traded on foreign markets that close well before the Portfolio calculates its NAV. This gives rise to the possibility that developments may have occurred in the interim that would affect the value of these securities. A market timer may seek to capitalize on these time zone differences by purchasing shares of the Portfolio based on events occurring after foreign market closing prices are established, but before the Portfolio’s NAV calculation, that are likely to result in higher prices in foreign markets the following day (“time zone arbitrage”). The market timer might redeem the Portfolio’s shares the next day when the Portfolio’s share price would reflect the increased prices in foreign markets, for a quick profit at the expense of long-term Portfolio shareholders.

Investments in other types of securities may also be susceptible to short-term trading strategies. These investments include securities that are, among other things, thinly traded, traded infrequently, or relatively illiquid, which have the risk that the current market price for the securities may not accurately reflect current market values. A shareholder may seek to engage in short-term trading to take advantage of these pricing differences (referred to as “price arbitrage”). To the extent that the Portfolio invests in small capitalization securities, technology and other specific industry sector securities, and in certain fixed-income securities, such as high-yield bonds (also referred to as junk bonds) or municipal bonds, the Portfolio may be adversely affected by price arbitrage trading strategies.

The Trust discourages frequent purchases and redemptions of Portfolio shares by Portfolio shareholders and the Trust’s Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures with respect

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to such frequent purchases and redemptions. The Trust does not accommodate frequent purchases and sales by Portfolio shareholders. Shareholders will be charged a redemption fee of 2% of the value of shares being redeemed, if shares are redeemed within 30 days of purchase. The Trust’s policies with respect to purchases, redemptions and exchanges of Portfolio shares are described in the “Purchase of Shares” and “Redemption of Shares” sections of this Prospectus. Except as described in these sections, the Trust’s policies regarding frequent trading of Portfolio shares are applied uniformly to all shareholders. The Trust requires all intermediaries to enforce all of the Trust’s policies contained in this Prospectus and in the Trust’s Statement of Additional Information. Omnibus accounts intermediaries generally do not identify customers’ trading activity to the Trust on an individual basis. The ability of the Trust to monitor exchanges made by the underlying shareholders in omnibus accounts, therefore, is severely limited. Consequently, the Trust must rely on the Financial Intermediary to monitor frequent short-term trading within the Portfolio by the Financial Intermediary’s customers. The Trust monitors enforcement by Financial Intermediaries, and if a Financial Intermediary fails to enforce the Trust’s restrictions, the Trust may take certain actions, including terminating the relationship. There can be no assurance that the Trust will be able to eliminate all market-timing activities.

Certain patterns of past exchanges and/or purchase or redemption transactions involving the Portfolio may result in the Portfolio sending a warning letter, rejecting, limiting or prohibiting, at its sole discretion and without prior notice, additional purchases and/or exchanges. Determinations in this regard may be made based on, amongst other things, the frequency or dollar amount of the previous exchanges or purchase or redemption transactions.

REDEMPTION OF SHARES

Shares of the Portfolio may be redeemed on any day that the Portfolio calculates its NAV. Redemption requests received by the Trust in proper form prior to the close of regular trading on the NYSE will be effected at the NAV per share determined on that day. Redemption requests received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE will be effected at the NAV next determined by the Trust. A redemption order is deemed to be received by the Trust when it is received in good order by the Transfer Agent or by a Financial Intermediary authorized to accept redemption orders on behalf of the Trust. Orders to redeem shares through a Financial Intermediary will receive the NAV per share next determined after the redemption request has been received in good order by the Financial Intermediary. The Portfolio is required to transmit redemption proceeds for credit to the shareholder’s account within seven days after receipt of a redemption request. However, payments for redemptions of shares purchased by check will not be transmitted until the check clears.

Redemption requests may be given to a Financial Intermediary having a selling agreement with the Distributor. The Financial Intermediary is responsible for transmitting such redemption requests to the Trust’s Transfer Agent. Redemption requests also may be given directly to the Transfer Agent, if the shareholder purchased shares directly through the Transfer Agent. In order to be effective, redemption requests of a shareholder in the event of death, divorce or other legal matter may require the submission of documents commonly required to assure the safety of a particular account. Generally, all redemptions will be for cash. The Portfolio typically expects to satisfy redemption requests by selling portfolio assets or by using holdings of cash or cash equivalents. These methods may be used during both normal and stressed market conditions.

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The Trust may suspend redemption procedures and postpone redemption payment during any period when the NYSE is closed other than for customary weekend or holiday closing or when the SEC has determined an emergency exists or has otherwise permitted such suspension or postponement.

Written Redemption Requests. To redeem shares by mail, send a written redemption request in proper form to:

via Regular Mail via Overnight Mail

The Saratoga Advantage Trust

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

P.O. Box 541150

Omaha, NE 68154

The Saratoga Advantage Trust

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

17605 Wright Street, Suite 2

Omaha, NE 68130

Receipt of a redemption order by the U.S. Postal Service (“USPS”) does not constitute receipt of such an order by the Trust or its Transfer Agent. Requests sent via the USPS will be processed at the NAV on the business day the request is received in good form at the Trust’s Transfer Agent. There may be a delay between the time the request reaches the P.O. Box and the time of the Trust’s receipt of the request, which may affect the NAV at which the request is processed. Regular mail is retrieved from the Transfer Agent’s post office box at least once a day by 12:00 p.m., Eastern Time and overnight mail is processed as received by the Transfer Agent from the delivery service. In both cases, processing of redemption requests are subject to the provisions described above in the opening paragraph in this section.

Redeeming by Telephone. The telephone redemption privilege is automatically available to all new accounts except retirement accounts. If you do not want the telephone redemption privilege, you must indicate this in the appropriate area on your account application or you must write to the Trust and instruct it to remove this privilege from your account. The proceeds will be sent by mail to the address designated on your account or wired directly to your existing account in any commercial bank or brokerage firm in the United States as designated on your application. To redeem by telephone, call 1-800-807-FUND (1-800-807-3863). The redemption proceeds normally will be sent by mail or by wire within three business days after receipt of your telephone instructions. IRA accounts are not redeemable by telephone.

The Trust reserves the right to suspend the telephone redemption privileges with respect to your account if the name(s) or the address on the account has been changed within the previous 30 days. Neither the Trust, the Transfer Agent, nor their respective affiliates will be liable for any loss, damage, cost or expenses in acting on telephone instructions if they reasonably believe such telephone instructions to be genuine and you will be required to bear the risk of any such loss. The Trust or the Transfer Agent, or both, will employ reasonable procedures to determine that telephone instructions are genuine. If the Trust and/or the Transfer Agent do not employ these procedures, they may be liable to you for losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions. These procedures may include, among others, requiring forms of personal identification prior to acting upon telephone instructions, providing written confirmation of the transactions and/or tape recording telephone instructions.

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Wire Redemptions. If you request your redemption by wire transfer, you will be required to pay a $15.00 wire transfer fee to the Transfer Agent to cover costs associated with the transfer but the Transfer Agent does not charge a fee when transferring redemption proceeds by electronic funds transfer. In addition, your bank may impose a charge for receiving wires.

When Redemptions are Sent. Once the Trust receives your redemption request in “good order” as described below, it will issue a check based on the next determined NAV following your redemption request. If you purchase shares using a check and soon after request a redemption, your redemption request will not be processed until the check used for your purchase has cleared. Redemption proceeds requested to be sent via wire or ACH are typically sent 1-3 business days after the redemption request was received in “good order.” Redemption proceeds requested to be sent via check are typically mailed via US Postal Service 2-3 business days after the redemption request was received in “good order.”

Good Order. Your redemption request will be processed if it is in “good order.” To be in good order, the following conditions must be satisfied:

·The request should be in writing indicating the number of shares or dollar amount to be redeemed;
·The request must identify your account number;
·The request should be signed by you and any other person listed on the account, exactly as the shares are registered; and
·If you request the redemption proceeds to be sent to a person, bank or an address other than that of record, or if the proceeds of a requested redemption exceed $100,000, the signature(s) on the request must be medallion signature guaranteed by an eligible signature guarantor.

Medallion Signature Guarantee. Certain requests require a medallion signature guarantee. To protect you and the Trust from fraud, certain transactions and redemption requests must be in writing and must include a medallion signature guarantee in the following situations (there may be other situations also requiring a medallion signature guarantee in the discretion of the Trust or Transfer Agent):

1.Re-registration of the account.
2.Changing bank wiring instructions on the account.
3.Name change on the account.
4.Setting up/changing systematic withdrawal plan to a secondary address.
5.Redemptions greater than $100,000.
6.Any redemption check that is being mailed to a different address than the address of record.
7.Your account registration has changed within the last 30 days.
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You should be able to obtain a medallion signature guarantee from a bank or trust company, credit union, broker-dealer, securities exchange or association, clearing agency or savings association, as defined by federal law.

REDEMPTION FEE. You will be charged a redemption fee of 2% of the value of the shares being redeemed if you redeem your shares of the Portfolio within 30 days of purchase.  The redemption fee is paid directly to the Portfolio from which the redemption is made and is designed to offset brokerage commissions, market impact, and other costs associated with short-term trading. For purposes of determining whether the redemption fee applies, the shares that were held the longest will be redeemed first.  The redemption fee will not apply to shares that are sold which have been acquired through the reinvestment of dividends or distributions paid by the Portfolio.

The following exchanges are exempt from the 2% redemption fee: (i) exchanges executed pursuant to asset allocation and automatic rebalancing programs and fees charged to participants in connection thereto, provided that such allocations, reallocations and exchanges do not occur more frequently than monthly and the applicable dealer provides the Trust’s transfer agent with documents evidencing such; (ii) exchanges in employer sponsored retirement plans (e.g., 401(k) and profit sharing plans); (iii) redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal plans; and (iv) exchanges in response to tactical asset allocation programs’ allocations and reallocations, as approved by the Trust’s CCO and/or one of the Trust’s principal officers.

Financial Intermediaries of omnibus accounts generally do not identify customers’ trading activity to the Trust on an individual basis. Therefore, the ability to monitor redemptions made by the underlying shareholders in omnibus accounts is severely limited. Consequently, the Trust must rely on the Financial Intermediary to monitor redemptions within the Portfolio by the Financial Intermediary’s customers and to collect the Portfolio’s redemption fee from their customers. The Trust monitors enforcement by Financial Intermediaries, and if a Financial Intermediary fails to enforce the Trust’s restrictions, the Trust may take certain actions, including termination of the relationship.

SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PLAN. A systematic withdrawal plan (the “Withdrawal Plan”) is available for shareholders. Any portfolio from which redemptions will be made pursuant to the Plan will be referred to as a “SWP Portfolio.” The Withdrawal Plan provides for monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual payments in any amount not less than $25, or in any whole percentage of the value of the SWP Portfolio’s shares, on an annualized basis. A shareholder may suspend or terminate participation in the Withdrawal Plan at any time. The Withdrawal Plan may be terminated or revised at any time by the Portfolio.

 

Withdrawal Plan payments should not be considered dividends, yields or income. If periodic Withdrawal Plan payments continuously exceed net investment income and net capital gains, the shareholder’s original investment will be correspondingly reduced and ultimately exhausted. Each withdrawal constitutes a redemption of shares and any gain or loss realized must be recognized for federal income tax purposes. Shareholders should contact their dealer representative or the Trust for further information about the Withdrawal Plan.

 

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INVOLUNTARY REDEMPTIONS. If the Portfolio is the only holding of a shareholder in the Trust, then due to the relatively high cost of maintaining small accounts, the Trust may redeem an account having a current value of $1,000 or less as a result of redemptions, but not as a result of a fluctuation in the Portfolio’s NAV after the shareholder has been given at least 30 days in which to increase the account balance to more than that amount. Involuntary redemptions may result in the liquidation of Portfolio holdings at a time when the value of those holdings is lower than the investor’s cost of the investment or may result in the realization of taxable capital gains.

REDEMPTION-IN-KIND. If the Board of Trustees determines that it would be detrimental to the best interests of the Portfolio’s shareholders to make a redemption payment wholly in cash, the Portfolio may pay, in accordance with rules adopted by the SEC, any portion of a redemption in excess of the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the Portfolio’s net assets by a distribution-in-kind of readily marketable portfolio securities in lieu of cash. Redemptions failing to meet this threshold must be made in cash. Redemption in-kind proceeds will typically be made by delivering a pro-rata amount of the Portfolio’s holdings that are readily marketable securities to the redeeming shareholder within seven days after the Portfolio’s receipt of the redemption order. Shareholders receiving distributions-in-kind of portfolio securities will be subject to market risks on the securities received, and may incur brokerage commissions when subsequently disposing of those securities.

EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE. Shares of the Portfolio may be exchanged without payment of any exchange fee for shares of another portfolio of the Trust of the same Class at their respective NAVs. Please refer to the Trust’s prospectuses for the other portfolios with respect to the fees and expenses of investing in shares of the Trust’s other portfolios. The Trust may in the future offer an exchange feature involving shares of an unaffiliated fund group subject to receipt of appropriate regulatory relief.

An exchange of shares is generally treated for federal income tax purposes as a redemption (sale) of shares given in exchange by the shareholder, and an exchanging shareholder may, therefore, realize a taxable gain or loss in connection with the exchange. The exchange privilege is available to shareholders residing in any state in which Portfolio shares being acquired may be legally sold.

SCM reserves the right to reject any exchange request and the exchange privilege may be modified or terminated upon notice to shareholders in accordance with applicable rules adopted by the SEC.

With regard to redemptions and exchanges made by telephone, the Distributor and the Trust’s Transfer Agent will request personal or other identifying information to confirm that the instructions received from shareholders or their account representatives are genuine. Calls may be recorded. If our lines are busy or you are otherwise unable to reach us by phone, you may wish to ask your investment representative for assistance or send us written instructions, as described elsewhere in this Prospectus. For your protection, we may delay a transaction or not implement one if we are not reasonably satisfied that the instructions are genuine. If this occurs, we will not be liable for any loss. The Distributor and the Transfer Agent also will not be liable for any losses if they follow instructions by phone that they reasonably believe are genuine or if an investor is unable to execute a transaction by phone.

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DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS. The Portfolio intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under the Code. As a regulated investment company, the Portfolio generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. The Portfolio declares and pays dividends from net investment income, if any, quarterly. Distributions of net realized long-term and short-term capital gains, if any, earned by the Portfolio will be made quarterly. The Portfolio may distribute such income dividends and capital gains more frequently, if necessary, in order to reduce or eliminate federal excise or income taxes on the Portfolio. The amount of any distribution will vary, and there is no guarantee the Portfolio will pay either an income dividend or a capital gains distribution. Dividends derived from net investment income and distributions of net realized long and short-term capital gains paid by the Portfolio to a shareholder will be automatically reinvested (at current NAV) in additional shares of the Portfolio (which will be deposited in the shareholder’s account) unless the shareholder instructs the Trust, in writing, to pay all dividends and distributions in cash.

ANNUAL STATEMENTS. You will be sent annually a statement (IRS Form 1099-DIV) showing the taxable distributions paid to you in the previous calendar year, if any. The statement provides information on your dividends and capital gains for tax purposes. If any dividends are declared in October, November or December to shareholders of record in such months and paid in January of the following year, then such amounts will be treated for tax purposes as received by the shareholders on December 31 of the prior year. The Portfolio may reclassify income after your tax reporting statement is mailed to you. Prior to issuing your statement, the Portfolio makes every effort to search for reclassified income to reduce the number of corrected forms mailed to shareholders. However, when necessary, the Portfolio will send you a corrected Form 1099-DIV to reflect reclassified information or adjust the cost basis of any covered shares (defined below).

 

AVOID “BUYING A DIVIDEND.” At the time you purchase your Portfolio shares, the Portfolio’s NAV may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation in value of portfolio securities held by the Portfolio. For taxable investors, a subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable. For example, if you buy shares in the Portfolio shortly before it makes a distribution, you may receive some of your investment back in the form of a taxable distribution. This is known as “buying a dividend.”

TAX CONSEQUENCES

The following tax information in this Prospectus is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in the Trust. Unless your investment in the Trust is through a tax-deferred retirement account, such as a 401(k) plan or IRA, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when the Portfolio makes distributions and when you sell Portfolio shares, including an exchange to another portfolio.

 

TAXES ON DISTRIBUTIONS. In general, if you are a taxable investor, Portfolio distributions are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains or some combination of both, whether you

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take them in cash or reinvest them in Portfolio shares. The Portfolio’s investment techniques, including use of short-term trading strategies, and high portfolio turnover rate, may result in more of the Portfolio’s income dividends and capital gains distributions being taxable to you at ordinary income tax rates than it would if it did not engage in such techniques.

 

For federal income tax purposes, any income dividend distributions and any short-term capital gain distributions are taxable to you as ordinary income. Any long-term capital gain distributions are taxable as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Trust. A portion of the ordinary income dividends received by individuals may be taxed at the same rate as long-term capital gains if certain holding period and other requirements are satisfied. However, dividends paid to shareholders from the Portfolio’s investments in U.S. REITs generally will not qualify for taxation at long-term capital gain rates applicable to qualified dividend income. Further, even if income received in the form of ordinary income dividends is taxed at the same rate as long-term capital gains, such income will not be considered long-term capital gains for other federal income tax purposes. For example, you generally will not be permitted to offset ordinary income dividends with capital losses when calculating your net capital gains or losses. A portion of the ordinary income dividends received by corporations may be eligible for the corporate dividends received deduction if certain holding period and other requirements are satisfied. Short-term capital gain distributions will continue to be taxed at ordinary income rates.

 

TAXES ON SALES. Your sale of Portfolio shares normally is subject to federal income tax and may result in a taxable gain or loss to you. Your exchange of Portfolio shares for shares of another portfolio is treated for tax purposes like a sale of your original Portfolio shares and a purchase of your new shares. Thus, the exchange may, like a sale, result in a taxable gain or loss to you and will give you a new tax basis for your new shares.

 

If a shareholder realizes a loss on the redemption or exchange of the Portfolio’s shares and reinvests in that portfolio’s shares or substantially identical shares within 30 days before or after the redemption or exchange, the transactions may be subject to the “wash sale” rules, resulting in a postponement of the recognition of such loss for tax purposes. The ability to deduct losses is subject to further limitations under the Code.

MEDICARE TAX. An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Portfolio and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Portfolio shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a threshold amount. This Medicare tax, if applicable, is reported by you on, and paid with, your federal income tax return.

 

BACK-UP WITHHOLDING. By law, the Portfolio must withhold a portion of your taxable distributions and redemption proceeds unless you provide your correct social security number or taxpayer identification number, certify that this number is correct, certify that you are not subject to backup withholding, and certify that you are a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). The Portfolio also must withhold if the IRS instructs it to do so. When withholding is required, the amount is currently 24% of your taxable distributions or redemption proceeds.

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When you open your Portfolio account, you should provide your social security or tax identification number on your investment application. By providing this information, you can avoid being subject to federal backup withholding on taxable distributions and redemption proceeds. Any withheld amount would be sent to the IRS as an advance tax payment.

 

OTHER. Portfolio distributions and gains from the sale or exchange of your Portfolio shares also may be subject to state and local taxes. If more than 50% of the Portfolio’s assets are invested in foreign securities at the end of any fiscal year, the Portfolio may elect to permit shareholders to generally take a credit or deduction on their federal income tax return for foreign taxes paid by the Portfolio (subject to various limitations). In such a case shareholders would also need to include such foreign taxes in income. The Portfolio may derive “excess inclusion income” from certain equity interests in mortgage pooling vehicles either directly or through an investment in a U.S. REIT. Please see the SAI for a discussion of the risks and special tax consequences to shareholders in the event the Portfolio realizes excess inclusion income in excess of certain threshold amounts.

 

FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS. Shareholders other than U.S. persons may be subject to a different U.S. federal income tax treatment, including withholding tax at the rate of 30% on amounts treated as ordinary dividends from the Portfolio, as discussed in more detail in the Statement of Additional Information.

 

This discussion of “Tax Consequences” is not intended or written to be used as tax advice. Because everyone’s tax situation is unique, you should consult your tax professional about federal, state, local or foreign tax consequences before making an investment in the Portfolio.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The Manager, SCM and/or the Distributor may pay additional compensation (out of their own resources and not as an expense of the Portfolio) to selected affiliated or unaffiliated brokers or other service providers in connection with the sale, distribution, retention and/or servicing of the Portfolio’s shares. Such compensation may be significant in amount and the prospect of receiving any such additional compensation may provide affiliated or unaffiliated entities with incentive to favor sales of the shares of the Portfolio over other investment options. Any such payments will not change the NAV of the price of the Portfolio’s shares.

 

In addition, the Portfolio or the Distributor also may make payments to financial intermediaries for certain administrative services, including record keeping, sub-accounting and sub-transfer agency of shareholder accounts pursuant to an administrative services agreement with the Portfolio and/or its agents. The fees payable by the Portfolio under this category of services are subject to certain limitations approved by the Board of Trustees of the Trust and, to the extent paid, will increase expenses of the Portfolio. These expenses are not separately identified in the fee table under the section titled “Portfolio Summary – Fees and Expenses of the Portfolio” in this Prospectus but are included within “Other Expenses” in the fee table.

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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

Prior to the date of this prospectus, the Portfolio had not yet commenced operations, therefore, Financial Highlights are not yet available.

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Privacy Policy Notice for The Saratoga Advantage Trust

FACTS WHAT DOES THE SARATOGA ADVANTAGE TRUST DO WITH YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION?
Why? Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal law gives consumers the right to limit some but not all sharing. Federal law also requires us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect your personal information. Please read this notice carefully to understand what we do.
What?

The types of personal information we collect and share depend on the product or service you have with us. This information can include:

· Social Security number and wire transfer instructions

· account transactions and transaction history

· investment experience and purchase history

When you are no longer our customer, we continue to share your information as described in this notice.

How? All financial companies need to share customers' personal information to run their everyday business. In the section below, we list the reasons financial companies can share their customers' personal information; the reasons The Saratoga Advantage Trust (“the Trust”) choose to share; and whether you can limit this sharing.

 

Reasons we can share
your personal information
Does The Trust share? Can you limit this sharing?
For our everyday business purposes –  such as to process your transactions, maintain your account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations, or report to credit bureaus Yes No
For our marketing purposes – to offer our products and services to you Yes No
For joint marketing with other financial companies No We don’t share
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes – information about your transactions and experiences Yes No
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes – information about your creditworthiness No We don’t share
For our affiliates to market to you No We don’t share
For nonaffiliates to market to you No We don’t share
Questions? Call 1-800-807-FUND
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Page 2

 

Who we are  
Who is providing this notice? The Saratoga Advantage Trust
What we do  
How does The Trust protect my personal information? To protect your personal information from unauthorized access and use, we use security measures that comply with federal law. These measures include computer safeguards and secured files and buildings. We restrict access to nonpublic personal information about you to those employees who need to know that information to provide products or services to you.
How does The Trust collect my personal information?

We collect your personal information, for example, when you

·         open an account or deposit money

·         direct us to buy securities or direct us to sell your securities

·         seek information about your investments

We also collect your personal information from others, such as credit bureaus, affiliates, or other companies

Why can’t I limit all sharing?

Federal law gives you the right to limit only

·         sharing for affiliates’ everyday business purposes—information about your creditworthiness

·         affiliates from using your information to market to you

·         sharing for non-affiliates to market to you

·         State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights to limit sharing

Definitions  
Affiliates

Companies related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.

·         Our affiliates include financial companies such as Saratoga Capital Management, LLC

Nonaffiliates

Companies not related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.

·         The Trust does not share your personal information with nonaffiliates so they can market you

Joint marketing

A formal agreement between nonaffiliated financial companies that together market financial products or services to you.

·         The Trust does not jointly market

 

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james alpha STRUCTURED CREDIT VALUE PORTFOLIO

CLASS S SHARES (Ticker: [  ])

 

PROSPECTUS

Additional information about the Portfolio’s investments will be available in the Trust’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders. In the Trust’s Annual Report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Portfolio’s performance during its last fiscal year. The Trust’s Statement of Additional Information also provides additional information about the Portfolio. The Statement of Additional Information is incorporated herein by reference (legally is part of this Prospectus). For a free copy of the Annual Report, the Semi-Annual Report or the Statement of Additional Information, to request other information about the Trust, or to make shareholder inquiries, please call: 1 (800) 807- FUND.

 

You also may obtain information about the Trust, including the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports and the Statement of Additional Information, by calling your financial advisor or by visiting our Internet site at: www.saratogacap.com

 

Information about the Trust, including the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports and the Statement of Additional Information, can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. Information about the Reference Room’s operations may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. Reports and other information about the Trust are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov and copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section of the SEC, Washington, DC 20549-1520.

 

The Trust’s Investment Company Act file number is 811-08542.

 

 

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Subject to Completion April 17, 2018

 

The information in this Statement of Additional Information is not complete and may be changed.  We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective.  This Statement of Additional Information is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

THE SARATOGA ADVANTAGE TRUST
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
DATED [ ], 2018

James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio (the “Portfolio”)

 

 

CLASS I SHARES (Ticker: [ ])
CLASS A SHARES (Ticker: [ ])
CLASS C SHARES (Ticker: [ ])

CLASS S SHARES (Ticker: [ ])

 

 

 

 

This STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (“SAI”) is not a PROSPECTUS. Investors should understand that this SAI should be read in conjunction with the Portfolio’s Class I, Class A and Class C PROSPECTUS and Class S PROSPECTUS dated [ ], 20[ ]. A copy of each PROSPECTUS may be obtained by written request to Saratoga Capital Management, LLC at the address or phone listed below.

Prior to the date of this SAI, the Portfolio had not yet commenced operations, therefore, financial statements are not yet available.

To obtain copies of any of the Trust’s prospectuses and/or Annual or Semi-Annual Shareholder Reports, free of charge, please write Saratoga Capital Management, LLC, 1616 N. Litchfield Rd., Suite 165, Goodyear, Arizona 85395-1279 or call toll free at 1-800-807-FUND (1-800-807-3863).

 
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

FUND HISTORY 1
INVESTMENT OF THE TRUST’S ASSETS AND RELATED RISKS 1
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS 37
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE 39
PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES AND CONTROL PERSONS OF THE PORTFOLIO 40
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS 40
MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES 46
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE 54
CERTAIN TAX CONSIDERATIONS 56
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 69
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 71
APPENDIX A --  RATINGS 72
APPENDIX B -- PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES 84

 

i
 

FUND HISTORY

The Saratoga Advantage Trust (the “Trust”) was organized as an unincorporated business trust under the laws of Delaware on April 8, 1994 and is a trust fund commonly known as a “business trust.” The Trust is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), as an open-end management investment company.

The Portfolio is managed by James Alpha Advisors, LLC (the “Manager” or James Alpha”), sub-advised by Orange Investment Advisors, LLC (the “Sub-Adviser”), and supervised by Saratoga Capital Management LLC (“Saratoga”).

 

INVESTMENT OF THE TRUST’S ASSETS AND RELATED RISKS

The Portfolio is a diversified fund within the meaning of the 1940 Act and, as such, the Portfolio’s investments are subject to certain diversification requirements under the federal securities laws.

The investment objectives and policies of the Portfolio are described in the PROSPECTUS. A further description of the Portfolio’s investments and investment methods appears below. Principal investments of the Portfolio are described in the PROSPECTUS.

Recent Market Events. U.S. and international markets have been experiencing dramatic volatility. As a result, the securities markets have experienced substantially lower valuations, reduced liquidity, price volatility, credit downgrades, and increased likelihood of default and valuation difficulties. Accordingly, the risks of investing in the following securities in which the Portfolio may invest have increased.

 

Equity Securities. An equity security (such as a stock, partnership interest or other beneficial interest in an issuer) represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company. Its value is based on the success of the company’s business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets and general market conditions. Common stocks and preferred stocks are examples of equity securities. A preferred stock is a blend of the characteristics of a bond and common stock. It can offer the higher yield of a bond and has priority over common stock in equity ownership, but does not have the seniority of a bond and, unlike common stock, its participation in the issuer’s growth may be limited. Preferred stocks are equity securities that often pay dividends at a specific rate and have a preference over common stocks in dividend payments and liquidation of assets. Some preferred stocks may be convertible into common stock. Although the dividend is set at a fixed annual rate, in some circumstances it can be changed or omitted by the issuer. Convertible securities are securities (such as debt securities or preferred stock) that may be converted into or exchanged for a specified amount of common stock of the same or different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula.

 

The risks of investing in companies in general include business failure and reliance on erroneous reports. To the extent the Portfolio is invested in the equity securities of small- or medium-size companies, it will be exposed to the risks of smaller sized companies. Small- and medium-size companies, directly or indirectly, often have narrower markets for their goods and/or services

 
 

and more limited managerial and financial resources than larger, more established companies. Furthermore, those companies often have limited product lines or services, markets or financial resources, or are dependent on a small management group. In addition, because these securities are not well-known to the investing public, do not have significant institutional ownership and are followed by relatively few security analysts, there will normally be less publicly available information concerning these securities compared to what is available for the securities of larger companies. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, can decrease the value and liquidity of securities held by the Portfolio. As a result, their performance can be more volatile and they face greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility of the Portfolio’s holdings.

 

CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES. The Portfolio may invest in fixed-income securities, which are convertible into common stock. Convertible securities rank senior to common stocks in a corporation’s capital structure and, therefore, entail less risk than the corporation’s common stock. The value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” (its value as if it did not have a conversion privilege), and its “conversion value” (the security’s worth if it were to be exchanged for the underlying security, at market value, pursuant to its conversion privilege).

 

To the extent that a convertible security’s investment value is greater than its conversion value, its price will be primarily a reflection of such investment value and its price will be likely to increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise, as with a fixed-income security (the credit standing of the issuer and other factors may also have an effect on the convertible security’s value). If the conversion value exceeds the investment value, the price of the convertible security will rise above its investment value and, in addition, the convertible security will sell at some premium over its conversion value. (This premium represents the price investors are willing to pay for the privilege of purchasing a fixed-income security with a possibility of capital appreciation due to the conversion privilege.) At such times, the price of the convertible security will tend to fluctuate directly with the price of the underlying equity security. Convertible securities may be purchased by the Portfolio at varying price levels above their investment values and/or their conversion values in keeping with the Portfolio’s objective.

 

WARRANTS. A warrant gives the holder a right to purchase at any time during a specified period a predetermined number of shares of common stock at a fixed price. Unlike convertible debt securities or preferred stock, warrants do not pay a fixed coupon or dividend. Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including the possible lack of a liquid market for resale of the warrants, potential price fluctuations as a result of speculation or other factors and failure of the price of the underlying security to reach or have reasonable prospects of reaching a level at which the warrant can be prudently exercised (in which event the warrant may expire without being exercised, resulting in a loss of the Portfolio’s entire investment therein).

 

Other Investment Companies. The Portfolio may invest up to 100% of its net assets in shares of affiliated and unaffiliated investment companies, including money market mutual funds, other mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). The Portfolio’s investments in money market mutual funds may be used for cash management purposes and to maintain liquidity in order to satisfy redemption requests or pay unanticipated expenses. The return on the Portfolio’s investments in investment companies will be reduced by the operating expenses,

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including investment advisory and administrative fees, of such companies. The Portfolio’s investment in an investment company may require the payment of a premium above the net asset value (“NAV”) of the investment company’s shares, and the market price of the investment company’s assets. The Portfolio will not invest in any investment company or trust unless it is believed that the potential benefits of such investment are sufficient to warrant the payment of any such premium. The Portfolio limits its investments in securities issued by other investment companies in accordance with the 1940 Act or with certain terms and conditions of applicable exemptive orders issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and approved by the Board of Trustees. Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act precludes the Portfolio from acquiring (i) more than 3% of the total outstanding shares of another investment company; (ii) shares of another investment company having an aggregate value in excess of 5% of the value of the total assets of the Portfolio; or (iii) shares of another registered investment company and all other investment companies having an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the total assets of the Portfolio. However, Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act provides that the provisions of Section 12(d)(1) shall not apply to securities purchased or otherwise acquired by the Portfolio if (i) immediately after such purchase or acquisition not more than 3% of the total outstanding shares of such investment company is owned by the Portfolio and all affiliated persons of the Portfolio; and (ii) the Portfolio has not offered or sold, and is not proposing to offer or sell its shares through a principal underwriter or otherwise at a public or offering price that includes a sales load of more than 1 1/2%. SEC Rule 12d1-3 under the 1940 Act provides, however, that the Portfolio may rely on the Section 12(d)(1)(F) exemption and charge a sales load in excess of 1 1/2 % provided the sales load and any service fee charged does not exceed limits set forth in applicable Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) rules.

 

If the Portfolio invests in investment companies, including ETFs, pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(F), it must comply with the following voting restrictions: when the Portfolio exercises voting rights, by proxy or otherwise, with respect to investment companies owned by the Portfolio, the Portfolio will either seek instruction from the Portfolio’s shareholders with regard to the voting of all proxies and vote in accordance with such instructions, or vote the shares held by the Portfolio in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of such security. In addition, an investment company purchased by the Portfolio pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(F) shall not be required to redeem its shares in an amount exceeding 1% of such investment company’s total outstanding shares in any period of less than thirty days. In addition to the advisory and operational fees the Portfolio bears directly in connection with its own operation, the Portfolio also bears its pro rata portion of the advisory and operational expenses incurred indirectly through investments in other investment companies.

 

Other rules under the 1940 Act and SEC exemptive orders on which the Portfolio may rely further relax the limits of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act.

 

Exchange-Traded Funds. An ETF generally is an open-end investment company, unit investment trust or a portfolio of securities deposited with a depository in exchange for depository receipts. ETFs provide investors the opportunity to buy or sell throughout the day an entire portfolio of securities in a single security. Investments in ETFs are subject to a variety of risks, including risks of a direct investment in the underlying securities that the ETF holds. For example, the general level of stock prices may decline, thereby adversely affecting the value of

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the underlying investments of the ETF and, consequently, the value of the ETF. In addition, the market value of the ETF shares may differ from their NAV because the supply and demand in the market for ETF shares at any point is not always identical to the supply and demand in the market for the underlying securities. Also, ETFs that track particular indices typically will be unable to match the performance of the index exactly due to, among other things, the ETF's operating expenses and transaction costs.

 

Although index mutual funds are similar to index-based ETFs, they are generally sold and redeemed only once per day at market close. The ETFs in which the Portfolio invests may be subject to liquidity risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the sale of the security at an advantageous time or price. To the extent that the ETFs in which the Portfolio invests hold securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations or securities with substantial market risk, they will have a greater exposure to liquidity risk. In addition, ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional mutual funds: (1) the market price of the ETF’s shares may trade at a discount to their NAV; (2) an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained; and (3) trading of an ETF’s shares may be halted if (i) the listing exchange deems such action appropriate, (ii) the shares are de-listed from the exchange, or (iii) upon the activation of market-wide “circuit breakers” (which are tied to large decreases in stock prices) that halt stock trading generally.  

 

ETFs typically incur fees that are separate from those fees incurred directly by the Portfolio. Therefore, as a shareholder in an ETF (as with other investment companies), the Portfolio would bear its ratable share of that entity's expenses. At the same time, the Portfolio would continue to pay its own investment management fees and other expenses. As a result, the Portfolio and its shareholders, in effect, will be absorbing duplicate levels of fees with respect to investments in ETFs.

 

EXCHANGE-TRADED NOTES. The Portfolio may invest in exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”). ETNs are senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities whose returns are linked to the performance of a particular market benchmark or strategy, minus applicable fees. ETNs are traded on an exchange (e.g., the New York Stock Exchange) during normal trading hours; however, investors can also hold the ETN until maturity. At maturity, the issuer pays to the investor a cash amount equal to the principal amount, subject to the day’s market benchmark or strategy factor. ETNs do not make periodic coupon payments or provide principal protection. ETNs are subject to credit risk, including the credit risk of the issuer, and the value of the ETN may drop due to a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating, despite the underlying market benchmark or strategy remaining unchanged. The value of an ETN may also be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying assets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating, and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the referenced underlying asset. When the Portfolio invests in ETNs it will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the ETN. A decision to sell ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. In addition, although an ETN may be listed on an exchange, the issuer may not be required to maintain the listing, and there can be no assurance that a secondary market will exist for an ETN.

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An ETN that is tied to a specific market benchmark or strategy may not be able to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative weighting of securities, commodities or other components in the applicable market benchmark or strategy. Some ETNs that use leverage can, at times, be relatively illiquid, and thus they may be difficult to purchase or sell at a fair price. Leveraged ETNs are subject to the same risk as other instruments that use leverage in any form.

 

ADJUSTABLE RATE SECURITIES. The Portfolio may invest in adjustable rate securities (i.e., variable rate and floating rate instruments), which are securities that have interest rates that are adjusted periodically, according to a set formula. The maturity of some adjustable rate securities may be shortened under certain special conditions described more fully below.

 

Variable rate instruments are obligations that provide for the adjustment of their interest rates on predetermined dates or whenever a specific interest rate changes. A variable rate instrument whose principal amount is scheduled to be paid in 397 days or less is considered to have a maturity equal to the period remaining until the next readjustment of the interest rate. Many variable rate instruments are subject to demand features, which entitle the purchaser to resell such securities to the issuer or another designated party, either (1) at any time upon notice of usually 397 days or less, or (2) at specified intervals, not exceeding 397 days, and upon 30 days’ notice. A variable rate instrument subject to a demand feature is considered to have a maturity equal to the longer of the period remaining until the next readjustment of the interest rate or the period remaining until the principal amount can be recovered through demand, if final maturity exceeds 397 days or the shorter of the period remaining until the next readjustment of the interest rate or the period remaining until the principal amount can be recovered through demand if final maturity is within 397 days.

 

Floating rate instruments have interest rate reset provisions similar to those for variable rate instruments and may be subject to demand features like those for variable rate instruments. The interest rate is adjusted, periodically (e.g., daily, monthly, semi-annually), to the prevailing interest rate in the marketplace. The interest rate on floating rate instruments is ordinarily determined by reference to the 90-day U.S. Treasury bill rate, the rate of return on commercial paper or bank certificates of deposit or an index of short-term interest rates. The maturity of a floating rate instrument is considered to be the period remaining until the principal amount can be recovered through demand.

 

ZERO-COUPON SECURITIES. The Portfolio may invest in zero-coupon securities which make no periodic interest payments, but are sold at a deep discount from their face value. The buyer recognizes a rate of return determined by the gradual appreciation of the security, which is redeemed at face value on a specified maturity date. The discount varies depending on the time remaining until maturity, as well as market interest rates, liquidity of the security and the issuer’s perceived credit quality. If the issuer defaults, the holder may not receive any return on its investment. Because zero-coupon securities bear no interest and compound semi-annually at the rate fixed at the time of issuance, their value generally is more volatile than the value of other fixed-income securities. Since zero-coupon bondholders do not receive interest payments, when interest rates rise, zero-coupon securities fall more dramatically in value than bonds paying interest on a current basis. When interest rates fall, zero-coupon securities rise more rapidly in

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value because the bonds reflect a fixed rate of return. An investment in zero-coupon and delayed interest securities may cause the Portfolio to recognize income and make distributions to shareholders before it receives any cash payments on its investment.

 

U.S. Government Securities. U.S. government securities are high-quality debt securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by an agency or instrumentality of the U.S. government. Not all U.S. government securities are backed by the full faith and credit of, or guaranteed by the United States Treasury. For example, securities issued by the Farm Credit Banks or by the Federal National Mortgage Association are supported by the instrumentality's right to borrow money from the U.S. Treasury under certain circumstances. Moreover, securities issued by other agencies or instrumentalities are supported only by the credit of the entity that issued them.

 

BELOW INVESTMENT GRADE DEBT SECURITIES. The Portfolio may invest in debt securities that are rated below “investment grade” by Standard and Poor’s Corporation (“S&P”), Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or Fitch, Inc. (“Fitch”) or, if unrated, are deemed by the Sub-Adviser or Manager to be of comparable quality. Securities rated less than Baa by Moody’s or BBB by S&P are classified as below investment grade securities and are commonly referred to as “junk bonds” or high yield, high risk securities. Debt rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C and debt rated Ba, B, Caa, Ca, C is regarded by S&P and Moody’s, respectively, on balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. For S&P, BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree of speculation for below investment grade securities. For Moody’s, Ba indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree of speculation for below investment grade securities. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions. Similarly, debt rated Ba or BB and below is regarded by the relevant rating agency as speculative. Debt rated C by Moody’s or S&P is the lowest rated debt that is not in default as to principal or interest, and such issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing. Such securities are also generally considered to be subject to greater risk than securities with higher ratings with regard to a deterioration of general economic conditions. Excerpts from S&P’s, Moody’s, and Fitch’s descriptions of their bond ratings are contained in Appendix A to this SAI.

 

Ratings of debt securities represent the rating agency’s opinion regarding their quality and are not a guarantee of quality. Rating agencies attempt to evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments and do not evaluate the risks of fluctuations in market value. Also, since rating agencies may fail to make timely changes in credit ratings in response to subsequent events, the Sub-Adviser or Manager continuously monitors the issuers of high yield bonds to determine if the issuers will have sufficient cash flows and profits to meet required principal and interest payments. The achievement of the Portfolio’s investment objectives may be more dependent on the Sub-Adviser’s or Manager’s own credit analysis than might be the case for a fund which invests in higher quality bonds. The Portfolio may retain a security whose rating has been changed. The market values of lower quality debt securities tend to reflect individual developments of the issuer to a greater extent than do higher quality securities, which react

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primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. In addition, lower quality debt securities tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions and generally have more volatile prices than higher quality securities. Issuers of lower quality securities are often highly leveraged and may not have available to them more traditional methods of financing. For example, during an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers of lower quality securities may experience financial stress. During such periods, such issuers may not have sufficient revenues to meet their interest payment obligations. The issuer’s ability to service debt obligations may also be adversely affected by specific developments affecting the issuer, such as the issuer’s inability to meet specific projected business forecasts or the unavailability of additional financing. Similarly, certain emerging market governments that issue lower quality debt securities are among the largest debtors to commercial banks, foreign governments and supranational organizations such as the World Bank and may not be able or willing to make principal and/or interest repayments as they come due. The risk of loss due to default by the issuer is significantly greater for the holders of lower quality securities because such securities are generally unsecured and are often subordinated to other creditors of the issuer. Lower quality debt securities frequently have call or buy-back features, which would permit an issuer to call or repurchase the security from the Portfolio. In addition, the Portfolio may have difficulty disposing of lower quality securities because they may have a thin trading market. There may be no established retail secondary market for many of these securities, and the Portfolio anticipates that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of dealers or institutional investors. The lack of a liquid secondary market also may have an adverse impact on market prices of such instruments and may make it more difficult for the Portfolio to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing the Portfolio’s holdings. The Portfolio may also acquire lower quality debt securities during an initial underwriting or which are sold without registration under applicable securities laws. Such securities involve special considerations and risks.

 

In addition to the foregoing, factors that could have an adverse effect on the market value of lower quality debt securities in which the Portfolio may invest include: (i) potential adverse publicity, (ii) heightened sensitivity to general economic or political conditions and (iii) the likely adverse impact of a major economic recession. The Portfolio may also incur additional expenses to the extent the Portfolio is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings, and the Portfolio may have limited legal recourse in the event of a default. Debt securities issued by governments in emerging markets can differ from debt obligations issued by private entities in that remedies for defaults generally must be pursued in the courts of the defaulting government, and legal recourse is therefore somewhat diminished. Political conditions, in terms of a government’s willingness to meet the terms of its debt obligations, also are of considerable significance. There can be no assurance that the holders of commercial bank debt may not contest payments to the holders of debt securities issued by governments in emerging markets in the event of default by the governments under commercial bank loan agreements. The Sub-Adviser or Manager attempt to minimize the speculative risks associated with investments in lower quality securities through credit analysis and by carefully monitoring current trends in interest rates, political developments and other factors. Nonetheless, investors should carefully review the investment objectives and policies of the Portfolio and consider their ability to assume the investment risks involved before making an investment. The Portfolio may also invest in unrated debt securities. Unrated debt securities, while not necessarily

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of lower quality than rated securities, may not have as broad a market. Because of the size and perceived demand for an issue, among other factors, certain issuers may decide not to pay the cost of obtaining a rating for their bonds. The Sub-Adviser or Manager will analyze the creditworthiness of the issuer of an unrated security, as well as any financial institution or other party responsible for payments on the security.

 

Bank Loans. Bank loans generally are negotiated between a borrower and several financial institutional lenders represented by one or more lenders acting as agent of all the lenders. The agent is responsible for negotiating the loan agreement that establishes the terms and conditions of the loan and the rights of the borrower and the lenders, monitoring any collateral, and collecting principal and interest on the loan. By investing in a loan, the Portfolio becomes a member of a syndicate of lenders. Certain bank loans are illiquid, meaning the Portfolio may not be able to sell them quickly at a fair price. Illiquid securities are also difficult to value. To the extent a bank loan has been deemed illiquid, it will be subject to the Portfolio’s restrictions on investment in illiquid securities. The secondary market for bank loans may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods.

 

Bank loans are subject to the risk of default. Default in the payment of interest or principal on a loan will result in a reduction of income to the Portfolio, a reduction in the value of the loan, and a potential decrease in the Portfolio’s NAV. The risk of default will increase in the event of an economic downturn or a substantial increase in interest rates. Bank loans are subject to the risk that the cash flow of the borrower and property securing the loan or debt, if any, may be insufficient to meet scheduled payments. However, because bank loans reside higher in the capital structure than high yield bonds, default losses have been historically lower in the bank loan market. Bank loans that are rated below investment grade share the same risks of other below investment grade securities.

 

INFLATION-INDEXED BONDS. Inflation-indexed bonds are fixed income securities whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “Treasury”) and some other issuers use a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the consumer price index (“CPI”) accruals as part of a semiannual coupon. Inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury have maturities of five, ten or thirty years, although it is possible that securities with other maturities will be issued in the future. The U.S. Treasury securities pay interest on a semi-annual basis, equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed, and will fluctuate. Other inflation related bonds may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal.

 

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The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if inflation were to rise at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increased at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed bonds.

 

While these securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure.

 

CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT AND BANKERS’ ACCEPTANCES. The Portfolio may invest in certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances, which are considered to be short-term money market instruments. Certificates of deposit are receipts issued by a depository institution in exchange for the deposit of funds. The issuer agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the receipt on the date specified on the certificate. The certificate usually can be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Bankers’ acceptances typically arise from short-term credit arrangements designed to enable businesses to obtain funds to finance commercial transactions. Generally, an acceptance is a time draft drawn on a bank by an exporter or an importer to obtain a stated amount of funds to pay for specific merchandise. The draft is then “accepted” by a bank that, in effect, unconditionally guarantees to pay the face value of the instrument on its maturity date. The acceptance may then be held by the accepting bank as an earning asset or it may be sold in the secondary market at the going rate of discount for a specific maturity. Although maturities for acceptances can be as long as 270 days, most acceptances have maturities of six months or less.

 

COLLATERALIZED MORTGAGE OBLIGATIONS. The Portfolio may invest in collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), which are mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) that are collateralized by mortgage loans or mortgage pass-through securities, and multi-class pass-through securities, which are equity interests in a trust composed of mortgage loans or other MBS. Unless the context indicates otherwise, the discussion of CMOs below also applies to multi-class pass through securities.

 

CMOs may be issued by governmental or government-related entities or by private entities, such as banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market traders. CMOs are issued in multiple classes, often referred to as "tranches," with each tranche having a specific fixed or floating coupon rate and stated maturity or final distribution date. Under the traditional CMO structure, the cash flows generated by the mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities in the collateral pool are used to first pay interest and then pay principal to the holders of the CMOs. Subject to the various provisions of individual CMO issues, the cash flow generated by the underlying collateral (to the extent it exceeds the amount required to pay the stated interest) is used to retire the bonds.

 

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Although the obligations are recourse obligations to the issuer, the issuer typically has no significant assets, other than assets pledged as collateral for the obligations, and the market value of the collateral, which is sensitive to interest rate movements, may affect the market value of the obligations. A public market for a particular CMO may or may not develop and thus, there can be no guarantee of liquidity of an investment in such obligations.

 

Principal prepayments on the underlying mortgage assets may cause the CMOs to be retired substantially earlier than their stated maturities or final distribution dates. Because of the uncertainty of the cash flows on these tranches, the market prices and yields of these tranches are more volatile and may increase or decrease in value substantially with changes in interest rates and/or the rates of prepayment. Due to the possibility that prepayments will alter the cash flow on CMOs, it is not possible to determine in advance the final maturity date or average life. Faster prepayment will shorten the average life and slower prepayments will lengthen it. In addition, if the collateral securing CMOs or any third-party guarantees is insufficient to make payments, the Portfolio could sustain a loss. The prices of certain CMOs, depending on their structure and the rate of prepayments, can be volatile. Some CMOs may also not be as liquid as other types of mortgage securities. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible to sell the securities at an advantageous time or price.

 

Privately issued CMOs are arrangements in which the underlying mortgages are held by the issuer, which then issues debt collateralized by the underlying mortgage assets. Such securities may be backed by mortgage insurance, letters of credit, or other credit enhancing features. Although payment of the principal of, and interest on, the underlying collateral securing privately issued CMOs may be guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies and instrumentalities, these CMOs represent obligations solely of the private issuer and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities or any other person or entity. Privately issued CMOs are subject to prepayment risk due to the possibility that prepayments on the underlying assets will alter the cash flow. Yields on privately issued CMOs have been historically higher than the yields on CMOs backed by mortgages guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities. The risk of loss due to default on privately issued CMOs, however, is historically higher since the U.S. government has not guaranteed them.

 

New types of CMO tranches have evolved. These include floating rate CMOs, planned amortization classes, accrual bonds and CMO residuals. These newer structures affect the amount and timing of principal and interest received by each tranche from the underlying collateral. For example, an inverse interest-only class CMO entitles holders to receive no payments of principal and to receive interest at a rate that will vary inversely with a specified index or a multiple thereof. Under certain of these newer structures, given classes of CMOs have priority over others with respect to the receipt of prepayments on the mortgages. Therefore, depending on the type of CMOs in which the Portfolio invests, the investment may be subject to a greater or lesser risk of prepayment than other types of MBS. CMOs may include real estate investment conduits ("REMICs"). REMICs, which were authorized under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, are private entities formed for the purpose of holding a fixed pool of mortgages secured by an interest in real property. A REMIC is a CMO that qualifies for special tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and invests in certain mortgages principally secured by interests in real property.

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COMMERCIAL PAPER. Commercial paper consists of short-term (usually from 1 to 270 days) unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations in order to finance their current operations.

 

INFORMATION ON TIME DEPOSITS AND VARIABLE RATE NOTES. The Portfolio may invest in fixed time deposits, whether or not subject to withdrawal penalties; however, investment in such deposits, which are subject to withdrawal penalties, other than overnight deposits, are subject to the 15% limit on illiquid investments for the Portfolio.

 

The Portfolio may purchase commercial paper obligations that are unsecured and may include variable rate notes. The nature and terms of a variable rate note (i.e., a “Master Note”) permit the Portfolio to invest fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to a direct arrangement between the Portfolio as lender, and the issuer, as borrower. It permits daily changes in the amounts borrowed. The Portfolio has the right at any time to increase, up to the full amount stated in the note agreement, or to decrease the amount outstanding under the note. The issuer may prepay at any time and without penalty any part of or the full amount of the note. The note may or may not be backed by one or more bank letters of credit. Because these notes are direct lending arrangements between the Portfolio and the issuer, it is not generally contemplated that they will be traded; moreover, there is currently no secondary market for them. Except as specifically provided in the Prospectus, there is no limitation on the type of issuer from whom these notes will be purchased; however, in connection with such purchase and on an ongoing basis, the Portfolio’s Manger or Sub-Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the issuer, and its ability to pay principal and interest on demand, including a situation in which all holders of such notes made demand simultaneously. Variable rate notes are subject to the Portfolio’s investment restriction on illiquid securities unless such notes can be put back to the issuer on demand within seven days.

 

ILLIQUID OR RESTRICTED SECURITIES. The Portfolio may invest in illiquid or restricted securities in accordance with the investment restrictions described under “Investment Restrictions.” Restricted securities may be sold only in privately negotiated transactions or in a public offering with respect to which a registration statement is in effect under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). Where registration is required, the Portfolio may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses and a considerable period may elapse between the time of the decision to sell and the time the Portfolio may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Portfolio might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to sell. Restricted securities will be priced at fair value as determined in accordance with procedures prescribed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust. If through the appreciation of illiquid securities or the depreciation of liquid securities, the Portfolio should be in a position where more than 15% of the value of its net assets are invested in illiquid assets, including restricted securities, the Portfolio will take appropriate steps to protect liquidity. Such steps may include refraining from purchasing illiquid securities or selling or exchanging a portion of the illiquid securities for more liquid securities.

 

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UNREGISTERED SECURITIES. Notwithstanding the above, the Portfolio may purchase securities, which are not registered under the 1933 Act but which can be sold to “qualified institutional buyers” in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. This rule permits certain qualified institutional buyers to trade in privately placed securities even though such securities are not registered under the 1933 Act. The Sub-Adviser or Manager, under the supervision of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, acting under guidelines approved and monitored by the Board, will consider whether securities purchased under Rule 144A are illiquid and thus subject to the Portfolio’s restriction of investing no more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. A determination of whether a Rule 144A security is liquid or not is a question of fact. In making this determination, the Sub-Adviser or Manager may consider the trading markets for the specific security taking into account the unregistered nature of a Rule 144A security. In addition, the Sub-Adviser or Manager could consider (1) the frequency of trades and quotes, (2) the number of dealers and potential purchases, (3) any dealer undertakings to make a market and (4) the nature of the security and of marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer). The liquidity of Rule 144A securities would be monitored, and if as a result of changed conditions it is determined that a Rule 144A security is no longer liquid, the Portfolio’s holdings of illiquid securities would be reviewed to determine what, if any, steps are required to assure that the Portfolio does not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. Investing in Rule 144A securities could have the effect of increasing the amount of the Portfolio’s assets invested in illiquid securities if qualified institutional buyers are unwilling to purchase such securities.

 

INSURED BANK OBLIGATIONS. The Portfolio may invest in insured bank obligations. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insures the deposits of federally insured banks and savings and loan associations (collectively referred to as “banks”). The Portfolio may, within the limits set forth in the Prospectus, purchase bank obligations which are fully insured as to principal by the FDIC. Currently, to remain fully insured as to principal, these investments must be limited to $250,000 per bank; if the principal amount and accrued interest together exceed $250,000, the excess principal and accrued interest will not be insured. Insured bank obligations may have limited marketability. Unless the Board of Trustees determines that a readily available market exists for such obligations, the Portfolio will treat such obligations as subject to the 15% limit for illiquid investments set forth in the section “Illiquid or Restricted Securities” above unless such obligations are payable at principal amount plus accrued interest on demand or within seven days after demand.

 

Borrowing. The Portfolio may borrow money for investment purposes, which is a form of leveraging. Leveraging investments, by purchasing securities with borrowed money, is a speculative technique that increases investment risk while increasing investment opportunity. Leverage will magnify changes in the Portfolio’s NAV and on the Portfolio’s investments. Although the principal of such borrowings will be fixed, the Portfolio’s assets may change in value during the time the borrowing is outstanding. Leverage also creates interest expenses for the Portfolio. To the extent the income derived from securities purchased with borrowed funds exceeds the interest the Portfolio will have to pay, the Portfolio’s net income will be greater than it would be if leverage were not used. Conversely, if the income from the assets obtained with borrowed funds is not sufficient to cover the cost of leveraging, the net income of the Portfolio will be less than it would be if leverage were not used, and therefore the amount available for

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distribution to shareholders as dividends will be reduced. The use of derivatives in connection with leverage creates the potential for significant loss.

 

The Portfolio may also borrow funds to meet redemptions or for emergency purposes. Such borrowings may be on a secured or unsecured basis at fixed or variable rates of interest. The 1940 Act requires the Portfolio to maintain continuous asset coverage of not less than 300% with respect to all borrowings. If such asset coverage should decline to less than 300% due to market fluctuations or other reasons, the Portfolio may be required to dispose of some of its portfolio holdings within three days in order to reduce the Portfolio’s debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to dispose of assets at that time.

 

The Portfolio also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit. Either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

 

Borrowing by the Portfolio creates an opportunity for increased net income, but at the same time, creates special risk considerations. For example, leveraging may exaggerate the effect on NAV of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Portfolio.

 

LENDING PORTFOLIO SECURITIES. To generate income for the purpose of helping to meet its operating expenses, the Portfolio may lend securities to brokers, dealers and other financial organizations. These loans, if and when made, may not exceed 33 1/3% of the Portfolio’s assets taken at value. The Portfolio’s loans of securities will be collateralized by cash, letters of credit or U.S. government securities. The cash or instruments collateralizing the Portfolio’s loans of securities will be maintained at all times in a segregated account with the Portfolio’s custodian, or with a designated sub-custodian, in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the loaned securities. In lending securities to brokers, dealers and other financial organizations, the Portfolio is subject to risks, which, like those associated with other extensions of credit, include delays in recovery and possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. The Trust’s custodian bank (the “Custodian”) arranges for the Portfolio’s securities loans and manages collateral received in connection with these loans. The Portfolio bears the entire risk of loss with respect to reinvested collateral. A portion of the profits generated from lending portfolio securities is paid to the Portfolio’s collateral reinvestment agent. Any costs of lending are not included in the Portfolio’s fee tables contained in the Prospectus. The Portfolio is obligated to recall loaned securities so that they may exercise voting rights on loaned securities according to the Portfolio’s proxy voting policies if the Portfolio has knowledge that a vote concerning a material event regarding the securities will occur.

 

WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES. The Portfolio may take advantage of offerings of eligible portfolio securities on a “when-issued” basis, i.e., delivery of and payment for such securities take place sometime after the transaction date on terms established on such date. Normally, settlement on U.S. government securities takes place within ten days. The Portfolio only will make when-issued commitments on eligible securities with the intention of actually acquiring the securities. If the Portfolio chooses to dispose of the right to acquire a when-issued security (prior

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to its acquisition), it could, as with the disposition of any other Portfolio obligation, incur a gain or loss due to market fluctuation. No when-issued commitments will be made if, as a result, more than 15% of the net assets of the Portfolio would be so committed. This type of transaction may give rise to a form of leverage. To mitigate leveraging risk, the Portfolio will earmark liquid assets or otherwise cover the transactions that may give rise to such risk. The use of leverage may cause the Portfolio to liquidate portfolio positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations or to meet earmarking requirements. Leveraging may cause the Portfolio to be more volatile than if the Portfolio had not been leveraged. This is because leveraging tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Portfolio’s securities.

 

HEDGING. The Portfolio may use certain instruments to hedge the Portfolio’s positions (“Hedging Instruments”). To engage in short hedging, the Portfolio may, for example, (i) sell financial futures; (ii) purchase puts on such futures or on individual securities held by it (“Portfolio securities”) or securities indexes; or (iii) write calls on Portfolio securities or on financial futures or securities indexes. To engage in long hedging, the Portfolio would, for example, (i) purchase financial futures, or (ii) purchase calls or write puts on such futures or on Portfolio securities or securities indexes.

 

Additional information about the Hedging Instruments that the Portfolio may use is provided below.

 

FINANCIAL FUTURES. Generally, a futures contract is a standard binding agreement to buy or sell a specified quantity of an underlying reference instrument, such as a specific security, currency or commodity, at a specified price at a specified later date. Futures contracts may be bought and sold on U.S. and non-U.S. exchanges. Futures contracts in the U.S. have been designed by exchanges that have been designated “contract markets” by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and must be executed through a futures commission merchant (“FCM”), which is a brokerage firm that is a member of the relevant contract market. No price is paid or received upon the purchase of a financial future. Upon entering into a futures transaction, the Portfolio will be required to deposit an initial margin payment equal to a specified percentage of the contract value. Initial margin payments will be deposited with the futures commission merchant. As the future is marked to market to reflect changes in its market value, subsequent payments, called variation margin, will be made to or from the futures commission merchant on a daily basis. Prior to expiration of the future, if the Portfolio elects to close out its position by taking an opposite position, a final determination of variation margin is made, additional cash may be required to be paid by or released to the Portfolio, and any loss or gain is realized for tax purposes. Although certain financial futures by their terms call for the actual delivery or acquisition of the specified debt security, in most cases the obligation is fulfilled by closing the position or by entering into an offsetting position.

 

The Portfolio may elect to close out some or all of its futures positions at any time prior to their expiration. The Portfolio might do so to reduce exposure represented by long futures positions or short futures positions. The Portfolio may close out its positions by taking opposite positions, which would operate to terminate its position in the futures contracts. Final determinations of variation margin would then be made, additional cash would be required to be paid by or

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released to the Portfolio, and the Portfolio would realize a loss or a gain. Futures contracts may be closed out only on the exchange or board of trade where the contracts were initially traded. Although the Portfolio intends to purchase or sell futures contracts only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be an active market, there is no assurance that a liquid market on an exchange or board of trade will exist for any particular contract at any particular time. In the event that a liquid market does not exist, it might not be possible to close out a futures contract, and in the event of adverse price movements, the Portfolio would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin. However, in the event futures contracts have been used to hedge the underlying instruments, the Portfolio would continue to hold the underlying instruments subject to the hedge until the futures contracts could be terminated. In such circumstances, an increase in the price of underlying instruments, if any, might partially or completely offset losses on the futures contract. However, as described below, there is no guarantee that the price of the underlying instruments will, in fact, negatively correlate with the price movements in the futures contract and thus provide an offset to losses on a futures contract.

 

There is also a risk of loss by the Portfolio of the initial and variation margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of the FCM with which the Portfolio has an open position in a futures contract. The assets of the Portfolio may not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the FCM or central counterparty because the Portfolio might be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds and margin segregated on behalf of an FCM’s customers. If the FCM does not provide accurate reporting, the Portfolio is also subject to the risk that the FCM could use the Portfolio’s assets, which are held in an omnibus account with assets belonging to the Portfolio’s other customers, to satisfy its own financial obligations or the payment obligations of another customer to the central counterparty.

 

The CFTC and the various exchanges have established limits referred to as “speculative position limits” on the maximum net long or net short position that any person, such as the Portfolio, may hold or control in a particular futures contract. Trading limits are also imposed on the maximum number of contracts that any person may trade on a particular trading day. An exchange may order the liquidation of positions found to be in violation of these limits and it may impose other sanctions or restrictions. The regulation of futures, as well as other derivatives, is a rapidly changing area of law.

 

Futures exchanges may also limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. This daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and does not limit potential losses because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. For example, futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of positions and subjecting some holders of futures contracts to substantial losses.

 

Common types of futures contracts include:

 

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Commodity Futures: A commodity futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to buy or sell a particular commodity at a specified price at some time in the future. Commodity futures contracts are highly volatile; therefore, the prices of fund shares may be subject to greater volatility to the extent it invests in commodity futures.

 

Currency Futures: A currency futures contract is a standardized, exchange-traded contract to buy or sell a particular currency at a specified price at a future date (commonly three months or more). Currency futures contracts may be highly volatile and thus result in substantial gains or losses to the Portfolio.

 

Index Futures: A stock index futures contract is an exchange-traded contract that provides for the delivery, at a designated date, time and place, of an amount of cash equal to a specified dollar amount times the difference between the stock index value at the close of trading on the date specified in the contract and the price agreed upon in the futures contract. No physical delivery of stocks comprising the index is made.

 

Interest Rate Futures: An interest-rate futures contract is an exchange-traded contact in which the specified underlying security is either an interest-bearing fixed income security or an inter-bank deposit. Two examples of common interest rate futures contracts are U.S. Treasury futures and Eurodollar futures contracts. The specified security for U.S. Treasury futures is a U.S. Treasury security. The specified rate for Eurodollar futures is the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) which is a daily reference rate based on the interest rates at which banks offer to lend unsecured funds to other banks in the London wholesale money market.

 

Security Futures: A security futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to purchase or sell, in the future, a specified quantity of a security (other than a Treasury security, or a narrow-based securities index) at a certain price.

 

PUTS AND CALLS. When the Portfolio writes an American call, it receives a premium and agrees to sell the callable securities to a purchaser of a corresponding call during the call period (usually not more than nine months), or, if a European call, upon the option expiration date, at a fixed exercise price (which may differ from the market price of the underlying securities) regardless of market price changes during the call period. If the call is exercised, the Portfolio forgoes any possible profit from an increase in market price over the exercise price. The Portfolio may, in the case of listed options, purchase calls in “closing purchase transactions” to terminate a call obligation. A profit or loss will be realized, depending upon whether the net of the amount of option transaction costs and the premium received on the call written is more or less than the price of the call subsequently purchased. A profit may be realized if the call lapses unexercised, because the Portfolio retains the underlying security and the premium received. With respect to certain listed options, sixty percent of any such profits are considered long-term gains and forty percent are considered short-term gains for federal tax purposes. If, due to a lack of a market, the Portfolio could not effect a closing purchase transaction, it would have to hold the callable securities until the call lapsed or was exercised. The Portfolio’s Custodian, or a securities depository acting for the Custodian, will act as the Portfolio’s escrow agent, through the facilities of the Options Clearing Corporation (“OCC”) in connection with listed calls, as to the securities on which the Portfolio has written calls, or as to other acceptable escrow securities,

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so that no margin will be required for such transactions. OCC will release the securities on the expiration of the calls or upon the Portfolio’s entering into a closing purchase transaction.

 

When the Portfolio purchases an American call option (other than in a closing purchase transaction), it pays a premium and has the right to buy the underlying investment from a seller of a corresponding call on the same investment during the call period (or on a certain date for European call options) at a fixed exercise price. The Portfolio benefits only if the call is sold at a profit or if, during the call period, the market price of the underlying investment is above the call price plus the transaction costs and the premium paid for the call and the call is exercised or sold. If a call is not exercised or sold (whether or not at a profit), it will become worthless at its expiration date and the Portfolio will lose its premium payment and the right to purchase the underlying investment.

 

With over-the-counter (“OTC”) options, such variables as expiration date, exercise price and premium will be agreed upon between the Portfolio and the transaction dealer, without the intermediation of a third party such as the OCC. If a transacting dealer fails to make delivery on the U.S. government securities underlying an option it has written, in accordance with the terms of that option as written the Portfolio could lose the premium paid for the option as well as any anticipated benefit of the transaction. In the event that any OTC option transaction is not subject to a forward price at which the Portfolio has the absolute right to repurchase the OTC option which it has sold, the value of the OTC option purchased and of the Portfolio assets used to “cover” the OTC option will be considered “illiquid securities” and will be subject to the Portfolio’s limit on illiquid securities. The “formula” on which the forward price will be based may vary among contracts with different primary dealers, but it will be based on a multiple of the premium received by the Portfolio for writing the option plus the amount, if any, of the option’s intrinsic value, i.e., current market value of the underlying securities minus the option’s strike price.

 

An American put option gives the purchaser the right to sell, and the writer the obligation to buy, the underlying investment at the exercise price during the option period (or on a certain date for European call options). The investment characteristics of writing a put covered by earmarked liquid assets equal to the exercise price of the put are similar to those of writing a covered call. The premium paid on a put written by the Portfolio represents a profit, as long as the price of the underlying investment remains above the exercise price. However, the Portfolio has also assumed the obligation during the option period to buy the underlying investment from the buyer of the put at the exercise price, even though the value of the investment may fall below the exercise price. If the put expires unexercised, the Portfolio (as writer) realizes a gain in the amount of the premium. If the put is exercised, the Portfolio must fulfill its obligation to purchase the underlying investment at the exercise price, which will usually exceed the market value of the investment at that time. In that case, the Portfolio may incur a loss upon disposition, equal to the sum of the sale price of the underlying investment and the premium received minus the sum of the exercise price and any transaction costs incurred.

 

When writing put options, to secure its obligation to pay for the underlying security, the Portfolio will (1) direct the Custodian to earmark liquid assets with a value equal to at least the exercise price of the option, (2) own an offsetting (“covered”) position in securities or other option, or (3)

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some combination of earmarking liquid assets and owning an offsetting position. To the extent the Portfolio secures its obligation by earmarking liquid assets, the Portfolio forgoes the opportunity of trading the earmarked assets or writing calls against those assets. As long as the Portfolio’s obligation as a put writer of an American put continues, the Portfolio may be assigned an exercise notice by the broker-dealer through whom such option was sold, requiring the Portfolio to purchase the underlying security at the exercise price. The Portfolio has no control over when it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an American put option, since it may be assigned an exercise notice at any time prior to the termination of its obligation as the writer of the put. This obligation terminates upon the earlier of the expiration of the put, or the consummation by the Portfolio of a closing purchase transaction by purchasing a put of the same series as that previously sold. Once the Portfolio has been assigned an exercise notice, it is thereafter not allowed to effect a closing purchase transaction.

 

The Portfolio may effect a closing purchase transaction to realize a profit on an outstanding put option it has written or to prevent an underlying security from being put to it. Furthermore, effecting such a closing purchase transaction will permit the Portfolio to write another put option to the extent that the exercise price thereof is secured by the deposited assets, or to utilize the proceeds from the sale of such assets for other investments by the Portfolio. The Portfolio will realize a profit or loss from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the transaction is less or more than the premium received from writing the option.

 

When the Portfolio purchases a put, it pays a premium and has the right to sell the underlying investment at a fixed exercise price to a seller of a corresponding put on the same investment during the put period if it is an American put option (or on a certain date if it is a European put option). Buying a put on securities or futures held by it permits the Portfolio to attempt to protect itself during the put period against a decline in the value of the underlying investment below the exercise price. In the event of a decline in the market, the Portfolio could exercise, or sell the put option at a profit that would offset some or all of its loss on the Portfolio securities. If the market price of the underlying investment is above the exercise price and as a result, the put is not exercised, the put will become worthless at its expiration date and the purchasing Portfolio will lose the premium paid and the right to sell the underlying securities; the put may, however, be sold prior to expiration (whether or not at a profit). Purchasing a put on futures or securities not held by it permits the Portfolio to protect its Portfolio securities against a decline in the market to the extent that the prices of the future or securities underlying the put move in a similar pattern to the prices of the securities in the Portfolio.

 

An option position may be closed out only on a market which provides secondary trading for options of the same series, and there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option. The Portfolio’s option activities may affect its turnover rate and brokerage commissions. The exercise of calls written by the Portfolio may cause the Portfolio to sell from its Portfolio securities to cover the call, thus increasing its turnover rate in a manner beyond the Portfolio’s control. The exercise of puts on securities or futures will increase portfolio turnover. Although such exercise is within the Portfolio’s control, holding a put might cause the Portfolio to sell the underlying investment for reasons which would not exist in the absence of the put. The Portfolio will pay a brokerage commission every time it purchases or sells a put or a call or purchases or sells a related investment in connection with the exercise of a put or a call.

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The Staff of the SEC has taken the position that purchased dealer options (OTC) and the assets used to secure written dealer options are illiquid securities. The Portfolio may treat the cover used for written OTC options as liquid if the dealer agrees that the Portfolio may repurchase the OTC option it has written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the OTC option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum repurchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option. Accordingly, the Portfolio will treat OTC options as subject to the Portfolio’s limitation on illiquid securities. If the SEC changes its position on the liquidity of dealer options, the Portfolio will change its treatment of such instrument accordingly.

 

REGULATORY ASPECTS OF HEDGING INSTRUMENTS. Transactions in options by the Portfolio are subject to limitations established (and changed from time to time) by each of the exchanges governing the maximum number of options which may be written or held by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert, regardless of whether the options were written or purchased on the same or on different exchanges, or are held in one or more accounts, or through one or more different exchanges, or through one or more brokers. Thus, the number of options which the Portfolio may write or hold may be affected by options written or held by other investment companies and discretionary accounts of the Sub-Adviser or Manager, including other investment companies having the same or an affiliated investment adviser. An exchange may order the liquidation of positions found to be in violation of those limits and may impose certain other sanctions.

 

Due to requirements under the 1940 Act, when the Portfolio sells a cash-settled future, it will segregate on its books, cash or readily marketable short-term (maturing in one year or less) debt instruments in an amount equal to the market value of such future, less the margin deposit applicable to it. When the Portfolio sells a physically settled future, it will segregate such debt instruments in an amount equal to the notional value of such future, less the margin deposit applicable to it.

 

COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT (“CEA”) EXCLUSION. The Manager, with respect to the Portfolio, has filed with the National Futures Association, a notice claiming an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the CEA, as amended, and the rules of the CFTC promulgated thereunder, with respect to the Portfolio’s operations.

 

POSSIBLE RISK FACTORS IN HEDGING. In addition to the risks with respect to futures and options discussed in the Prospectus and above, there is a risk in selling futures that the prices of futures will correlate imperfectly with the behavior of the cash (i.e., market value) prices of the Portfolio’s securities. The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and future markets are subject to distortions due to differences in the natures of those markets. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close out futures contracts through offsetting transactions which could distort the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, thus producing

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distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions.

 

When the Portfolio uses Hedging Instruments, to establish a position in the market as a temporary substitute for the purchase of individual securities (long hedging) by buying futures and/or calls on such futures or on a particular security, it is possible that the market may decline. If the Portfolio then concludes not to invest in such securities at that time because of concerns as to possible further market decline or for other reasons, it will realize a loss on the Hedging Instruments that is not offset by a reduction in the price of the securities purchased.

 

Transactions in Hedging Instruments may also result in certain federal income tax consequences described below under the heading “Certain Tax Considerations.”

 

Swap Agreements. The Portfolio may enter into swap agreements for purposes of attempting to gain exposure to equity or debt securities, interest rates, currencies, commodities or other assets, reference rates or indices without actually purchasing those underlying assets, rates or indices, or to hedge a position. Generally, swap agreements are contracts between the Portfolio and another party (the swap counterparty) involving the exchange of payments on specified terms over periods ranging from a few days to multiple years. A swap agreement may be negotiated bilaterally and traded OTC between the two parties (for an uncleared swap) or, in some instances, must be transacted through an FCM and cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as a central counterparty (for a cleared swap). The notional amount is the set dollar or other value selected by the parties to use as the basis on which to calculate the obligations that the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange. The parties typically do not actually exchange the notional amount. Instead they agree to exchange the returns that would be earned or realized if the notional amount were invested in given instruments.

 

When the Portfolio enters into a cleared swap, the Portfolio must deliver to the central counterparty (via the FCM) an amount referred to as “initial margin.” Initial margin requirements are determined by the central counterparty, but an FCM may require additional initial margin above the amount required by the central counterparty. During the term of the swap agreement, a “variation margin” amount may also be required to be paid by the Portfolio or may be received by the Portfolio in accordance with margin controls set for such accounts, depending upon changes in the price of the underlying reference instrument subject to the swap agreement. At the conclusion of the term of the swap agreement, if the Portfolio has a loss equal to or greater than the margin amount, then the margin amount is paid to the FCM along with any loss in excess of

the margin amount. If the Portfolio has a loss of less than the margin amount, then the excess margin is returned to the Portfolio. If the Portfolio has a gain, then the full margin amount and the amount of the gain are paid to the Portfolio.

 

With cleared swaps, the Portfolio may not be able to obtain as favorable terms as it would be able to negotiate for a bilateral, uncleared swap. In addition, an FCM may unilaterally amend the terms of its agreement with the Portfolio, which may include the imposition of position limits or additional margin requirements with respect to the Portfolio’s investment in certain types of swaps. Central counterparties and FCMs can require termination of existing cleared swap

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transactions upon the occurrence of certain events, and can also require increases in margin above the margin that is required at the initiation of the swap agreement. Additionally, depending on a number of factors, the margin required under the rules of the clearinghouse and FCM may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by the Portfolio to support its obligations under a similar uncleared swap. However, regulators have proposed and are expected to adopt rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums, on uncleared swaps in the near future, which could change this comparison.

Most swap agreements entered into by the Portfolio calculate the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a “net basis.” Consequently, the Portfolio’s current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net amount”). Payments may be made at the conclusion of a swap agreement or periodically during its term. The counterparty may be required to pledge cash or other assets to cover its obligations to the Portfolio. However, the amount pledged may not always be equal to or more than the amount due to the other party. Therefore, if a counterparty defaults in its obligations to the Portfolio, the amount pledged by the counterparty and available to the Portfolio may not be sufficient to cover all the amounts due to the Portfolio and the Portfolio may sustain a loss.

 

If a swap is entered into on a net basis and if the other party to a swap agreement defaults, the Portfolio’s risk of loss consists of the net amount of payments that the Portfolio is contractually entitled to receive, if any. The mandated clearing of standardized swaps is intended, in part, to reduce the risk of counterparty defaults.

 

The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Portfolio’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to a swap agreement entered into on a net basis will be accrued daily and an amount of cash or liquid assets having an aggregate NAV at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained in an account with the Custodian. The Portfolio will also establish and maintain such accounts with respect to its total obligations under any swaps that are not entered into on a net basis. Obligations under swap agreements so covered will not be construed to be “senior securities” for purposes of the Portfolio’s investment restriction concerning senior securities.

 

Because OTC swap agreements are two-party contracts and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, OTC swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid for the Portfolio’s illiquid investment limitations. The Portfolio will not enter into any OTC swap agreement unless the Manager and/or Sub-Adviser believes that the other party to the transaction is creditworthy. The Portfolio bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under an OTC swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty.

 

Cleared swaps will be entered into through a futures broker, and the Portfolio will similarly not enter into a swap clearing relationship unless the Manager and/or Sub-Adviser believes the futures broker is creditworthy.

 

The Portfolio may enter into a swap agreement in circumstances where the Manager and/or Sub-Adviser believes that it may be more cost effective or practical than buying the securities represented by such index or a futures contract or an option on such index. The counterparty to

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any OTC swap agreement entered into by the Portfolio will typically be a bank, investment banking firm or broker/dealer. The counterparty will generally agree to pay the Portfolio the amount, if any, by which the notional amount of the swap agreement would have increased in value had it been invested in the particular stocks represented in the index, plus the dividends that would have been received on those stocks. The Portfolio will agree to pay to the counterparty a floating rate of interest on the notional amount of the swap agreement plus the amount, if any, by which the notional amount would have decreased in value had it been invested in such stocks. Therefore, the return to the Portfolio on any swap agreement should be the gain or loss on the notional amount plus dividends on the stocks less the interest paid by the Portfolio on the notional amount.

 

Certain standardized swaps are subject to mandatory central clearing and exchange-trading. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) and related regulatory developments will ultimately require the clearing and exchange-trading of many OTC derivative instruments that the CFTC and the SEC recently defined as “swaps,” including non-deliverable foreign exchange forwards, OTC foreign exchange options, and swaptions. Mandatory exchange-trading and clearing will take place on a phased-in basis based on the type of market participant, CFTC approval of contracts for central clearing and public trading facilities making such cleared swaps available to trade. Central clearing is intended to reduce counterparty credit risk and increase liquidity, but central clearing does not eliminate these risks and may involve additional costs and risks not involved with uncleared swaps. The Manager will continue to monitor developments in this area, particularly to the extent regulatory changes affect the Portfolio’s ability to enter into swap contracts.

 

Commonly used swap agreements include:

 

Credit Default Swaps (“CDS”): Typically, an OTC agreement between two parties where the first party agrees to make one or more payments to the second party, while the second party assumes the risk of certain defaults, generally a failure to pay or bankruptcy of the issuer on a referenced debt obligation. CDS transactions are often individually negotiated and structured. The Portfolio may enter into CDS to, for example, create long or short exposure to domestic or foreign corporate debt securities or sovereign debt securities. As noted above, certain CDSs are now subject to mandatory clearing under the Dodd-Frank Act and applicable CFTC regulation.

 

The Portfolio may buy a CDS (buy credit protection). In this type of transaction, the Portfolio makes a stream of payments based on a fixed interest rate (the premium) over the life of the swap in exchange for a counterparty (the seller) taking on the risk of default of a referenced debt obligation (the Reference Obligation). If a credit event occurs with respect to the Reference Obligation, the Portfolio would cease making premium payments and, if physically settled CDS, it would deliver defaulted bonds to the seller. In return, the seller would generally pay the par value of the Reference Obligation to the Portfolio. Alternatively, the two counterparties may agree to cash settlement in which the seller delivers to the Portfolio (buyer) the difference between the market value and the par value of the Reference Obligation. If no event of default occurs, the Portfolio pays the fixed premium to the seller for the life of the contract, and no other exchange occurs.

 

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Alternatively, the Portfolio may sell a CDS (sell credit protection). In this type of transaction, the Portfolio will receive premium payments from the buyer in exchange for taking the risk of default of the Reference Obligation. If a credit event occurs with respect to the Reference Obligation, the buyer would cease to make premium payments to the Portfolio and, if physically settled CDS, deliver the Reference Obligation to the Portfolio. In return, the Portfolio would pay the par value of the Reference Obligation to the buyer. Alternatively, the two counterparties may agree to cash settlement in which the Portfolio would pay the buyer the difference between the market value and the par value of the Reference Obligation. If no event of default occurs, the Portfolio receives the premium payments over the life of the contract, and no other exchange occurs.

 

Credit Default Index (“CDX”): A CDX is a CDS referencing an index of Reference Obligations. Many types of CDX are now subject to mandatory clearing. CDX allows an investor to attempt to manage credit risk or to take a position on a basket of credit entities in a more efficient manner than transacting in single name CDS. If a credit event occurs with respect to one of the Reference Obligations, the protection may be paid out via the delivery of the defaulted bond by the buyer of protection in return for payment of the par value of the defaulted bond by the seller of protection or it may be settled through a cash settlement between the two parties. The underlying company is then removed from the index. New series of CDX are issued on a regular basis.

 

Currency Swap: An agreement between two parties pursuant to which the parties exchange a U.S. dollar-denominated payment for a payment denominated in a different currency.

 

Interest Rate Swap: An agreement between two parties pursuant to which the parties exchange a floating rate payment for a fixed rate payment based on a specified notional amount. In other words, Party A agrees to make periodic payments to Party B based on a fixed interest rate and in return Party B agrees to make periodic payments to Party A based on a variable interest rate.

 

Total Return Swap: An agreement in which one party makes payments based on a set rate, either fixed or variable, while the other party makes payments based on the return of an underlying asset, which includes both the income it generates and any capital gains.

 

New Swaps Regulation. The Dodd-Frank Act and related regulatory developments have imposed comprehensive new regulatory requirements on swaps and swap market participants. The new regulatory framework includes: (1) registration and regulation of swap dealers and major swap participants; (2) requiring central clearing and execution of standardized swaps; (3) imposing margin requirements on swap transactions; (4) regulating and monitoring swap transactions through position limits and large trader reporting requirements; and (5) imposing record keeping and public reporting requirements, on an anonymous basis, for most swaps. The CFTC is responsible for the regulation of most swaps, and has completed most of its rules implementing the Dodd-Frank Act swap regulations. The SEC has jurisdiction over a small segment of the market referred to as “security-based swaps,” which includes swaps on single securities or credits, or narrow-based indices of securities or credits, but has not yet completed its rulemaking.

 

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Risks of Swaps. The Portfolio’s use of swaps is subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments generally. In addition, because uncleared swaps are typically executed bilaterally with a swap dealer rather than traded on exchanges, uncleared swap participants may not be as protected as participants on organized exchanges. Performance of an uncleared swap agreement is the responsibility only of the swap counterparty and not of any exchange or clearinghouse. As a result, the Portfolio is subject to the risk that a counterparty will be unable or will refuse to perform under such agreement, including because of the counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency.

 

As noted above, under recent financial reforms, certain types of swaps are, and others eventually are expected to be, required to be cleared through a central counterparty, which may affect counterparty risk and other risks faced by the Portfolio. Central clearing is designed to reduce counterparty credit risk and increase liquidity compared to uncleared swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty to each participant’s swap, but it does not eliminate those risks completely. The Portfolio is also subject to the risk that, after entering into a cleared swap with an executing broker, no FCM or central counterparty is willing or able to clear the transaction. In such an event, the Portfolio may be required to break the trade and make an early termination payment to the executing broker.

 

With respect to cleared swaps, there is also a risk of loss by the Portfolio of its initial and variation margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of the FCM with which the Portfolio has an open position, or the central counterparty in a swap contract. The assets of the Portfolio may not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the FCM or central counterparty because the Portfolio might be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds and margin segregated on behalf of an FCM’s customers. If the FCM does not provide accurate reporting, the Portfolio is also subject to the risk that the FCM could use the Portfolio’s assets, which are held in an omnibus account with assets belonging to the FCM’s other customers, to satisfy its own financial obligations or the payment obligations of another customer to the central counterparty. Credit risk of cleared swap participants is concentrated in a few clearinghouses, and the consequences of insolvency of a clearinghouse are not clear.

 

The use by the Portfolio of derivatives may involve certain risks, including the risk that the counterparty under a derivatives agreement will not live up to its obligations, including because of the counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency. Certain agreements may not contemplate delivery of collateral to support fully a counterparty's contractual obligation; therefore, the Portfolio might need to rely on contractual remedies to satisfy the counterparty's full obligation. As with any contractual remedy, there is no guarantee that the Portfolio will be successful in pursuing such remedies, particularly in the event of the counterparty's bankruptcy. The agreement may allow for netting of the counterparty's obligations with respect to a specific transaction, in which case the Portfolio’s obligation or right will be the net amount owed to or by the counterparty. The Portfolio will not enter into a derivative transaction with any counterparty that the Manager or Sub-Adviser believes does not have the financial resources to honor its obligations under the transaction. If a counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of the derivative would also likely decline, potentially resulting in losses to the Portfolio.

 

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EXPOSURE TO FOREIGN MARKETS. Foreign securities, foreign currencies, and securities issued by U.S. entities with substantial foreign operations may involve significant risks in addition to the risks inherent in U.S. investments. The value of securities denominated in foreign currencies, and of dividends and interest paid with respect to such securities will fluctuate based on the relative strength of the U.S. dollar.

 

There may be less publicly available information about foreign securities and issuers than is available about domestic securities and issuers. Foreign companies generally are not subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to domestic companies. Securities of some foreign companies are less liquid and their prices may be more volatile than securities of comparable domestic companies. The Portfolio’s interest and dividends from foreign issuers maybe subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes, thereby reducing the Portfolio’s net investment income.

 

Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods and can be subject to unpredictable change based on such factors as political developments and currency controls by foreign governments. Because the Portfolio may invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies, the Portfolio may seek to hedge foreign currency risks by engaging in foreign currency exchange transactions. These may include buying or selling foreign currencies on a spot basis, entering into foreign currency forward contracts, and buying and selling foreign currency options, foreign currency futures, and options on foreign currency futures. Many of these activities constitute “derivatives” transactions.

 

The Portfolio may invest in issuers domiciled in “emerging markets,” those countries determined by the Sub-Adviser or Manager to have developing or emerging economies and markets. Emerging market investing involves risks in addition to those risks involved in foreign investing. For example, many emerging market countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many years. In addition, economies in emerging markets generally are dependent heavily upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and continue to be affected adversely by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. The securities markets of emerging countries are substantially smaller, less developed, less liquid and more volatile than the securities markets of the United States and other more developed countries. Brokerage commissions, custodial services and other costs relating to investment in foreign markets generally are more expensive than in the United States, particularly with respect to emerging markets. In addition, some emerging market countries impose transfer taxes or fees on a capital market transaction. Foreign investments involve a risk of local political, economic, or social instability, military action or unrest, or adverse diplomatic developments, and may be affected by actions of foreign governments adverse to the interests of U.S. investors. Such actions may include the possibility of expropriation or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, restrictions on U.S. investment or on the ability to repatriate assets or convert currency into U.S. dollars, or other government intervention. There is no assurance that the Sub-Adviser or Manager will be able to anticipate these potential events or counter their effects. These risks are magnified for investments in developing countries, which may have relatively unstable governments, economies based on only a few industries, and securities markets that trade a small number of securities.

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Economies of particular countries or areas of the world may differ favorably or unfavorably from the economy of the United States. Foreign markets may offer less protection to investors than U.S. markets. It is anticipated that in most cases the best available market for foreign securities will be on an exchange or in OTC markets located outside the United States. Foreign stock markets, while growing in volume and sophistication, are generally not as developed as those in the United States, and securities of some foreign issuers (particularly those located in developing countries) may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. issuers. Foreign security trading practices, including those involving securities settlement where Portfolio assets may be released prior to receipt of payment, may result in increased risk in the event of a failed trade or the insolvency of a foreign broker-dealer, and may involve substantial delays. In addition, the costs of foreign investing, including withholding taxes, brokerage commissions and custodial costs, are generally higher than for U.S. investors. In general, there is less overall governmental supervision and regulation of securities exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the United States. It may also be difficult to enforce legal rights in foreign countries. Foreign issuers are generally not bound by uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting requirements and standards of practice comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers.

 

Some foreign securities impose restrictions on transfer within the United States or to U.S. persons. Although securities subject to such transfer restrictions may be marketable abroad, they may be less liquid than foreign securities of the same class that are not subject to such restrictions. American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), as well as other “hybrid” forms of ADRs, including European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer. These certificates are issued by depository banks and generally trade on an established market in the United States or elsewhere. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution in the issuer’s home country. The depository bank may not have physical custody of the underlying securities at all times and may charge fees for various services, including forwarding dividends and interest and corporate actions. ADRs are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their national markets and currencies. However, ADRs continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities. These risks include foreign exchange risk as well as the political and economic risks of the underlying issuer’s country.

 

The Portfolio may also invest in ADRs, GDRs, EDRs, foreign securities traded on a national securities market and may purchase and sell foreign currency on a spot basis and enter into forward currency contracts. Generally, ADRs and GDRs in registered form are U.S. dollar denominated securities designed for use in the U.S. securities markets which represent and may be converted into the underlying foreign security. EDRs are typically issued in bearer form and are designed for use in the European securities markets. Issuers of the stock of ADRs not sponsored by such underlying issuers are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States and, therefore, there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of such ADRs. To the extent the Portfolio invests in securities in bearer form, such as EDRs, it may be more difficult to recover securities in the event such securities are lost or stolen.

 

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PARTICIPATION NOTES. P-Notes are issued by banks or broker-dealers and are designed to offer a return linked to the performance of a particular underlying equity security or market. P-Notes can have the characteristics or take the form of various instruments, including, but not limited to, certificates or warrants. The holder of a P-Note that is linked to a particular underlying security is entitled to receive any dividends paid in connection with the underlying security. However, the holder of a P-Note generally does not receive voting rights as it would if it directly owned the underlying security.

 

P-Notes constitute direct, general and unsecured contractual obligations of the banks or broker-dealers that issue them, subjecting the Portfolio to counterparty risk. Investments in P-Notes involve certain risks in addition to those associated with a direct investment in the underlying foreign companies or foreign securities markets whose return they seek to replicate. For instance, there can be no assurance that the trading price of a P-Note will equal the underlying value of the foreign company or foreign securities market that it seeks to replicate. As the purchaser of a P-Note, the Portfolio is relying on the creditworthiness of the counterparty issuing the P-Note and has no rights under a P-Note against the issuer of the underlying security. Therefore, if such counterparty were to become insolvent, the Portfolio would lose its investment. The risk that the Portfolio may lose its investments due to the insolvency of a single counterparty may be amplified to the extent the Portfolio purchases P-Notes issued by one issuer or a small number of issuers. P-Notes also include transaction costs in addition to those applicable to a direct investment in securities.

 

Due to liquidity and transfer restrictions, the secondary markets on which P-Notes are traded may be less liquid than the markets for other securities, which may lead to the absence of readily available market quotations for securities in the Portfolio. The ability of the Portfolio to value its securities becomes more difficult and the judgment in the application of fair value procedures may play a greater role in the valuation of the Portfolio’s securities due to reduced availability of reliable objective pricing data. Consequently, while such determinations will be made in good faith, it may nevertheless be more difficult for the Portfolio to accurately assign a daily value to such securities.

 

STRUCTURED NOTES. The Portfolio may invest in structured notes and indexed securities. Structured notes are derivative debt instruments, the interest rate or principal of which is linked to currencies, interest rates, commodities, indices or other financial indicators (reference instruments). Indexed securities may include structured notes and other securities wherein the interest rate or principal are determined by a reference instrument. Most structured notes and indexed securities are fixed income securities that have maturities of three years or less. The interest rate or the principal amount payable at maturity of an indexed security may vary based on changes in one or more specified reference instruments, such as a floating interest rate compared with a fixed interest rate. The reference instrument need not be related to the terms of the indexed security. Structured notes and indexed securities may be positively or negatively indexed (i.e., their principal value or interest rates may increase or decrease if the underlying reference instrument appreciates), and may have return characteristics similar to direct investments in the underlying reference instrument or to one or more options on the underlying reference instrument. Structured notes and indexed securities may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of debt securities because the investor bears the risk of the reference

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instrument. Structured notes or indexed securities also may be more volatile, less liquid, and more difficult to accurately price than less complex securities and instruments or more traditional debt securities. In addition to the credit risk of the structured note or indexed security’s issuer and the normal risks of price changes in response to changes in interest rates, the principal amount of structured notes or indexed securities may decrease as a result of changes in the value of the underlying reference instruments. Further, in the case of certain structured notes or indexed securities in which the interest rate, or exchange rate in the case of currency, is linked to a referenced instrument, the rate may be increased or decreased or the terms may provide that, under certain circumstances, the principal amount payable on maturity may be reduced to zero resulting in a loss to the Portfolio.

 

Asset-Backed Securities. Asset-backed securities represent participations in, or are secured by and payable from, assets such as motor vehicle installment sales, installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property and receivables from revolving credit (credit card) agreements. Such assets are securitized through the use of trusts and special purpose corporations. Payments or distributions of principal and interest may be guaranteed up to certain amounts and for a certain time period by a letter of credit or a pool insurance policy issued by a financial institution unaffiliated with the trust or corporation.

 

Asset-backed securities present certain risks that are not presented by other securities in which the Portfolio may invest. Automobile receivables generally are secured by automobiles. Most issuers of automobile receivables permit the loan servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the asset-backed securities. In addition, because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have a proper security interest in the underlying automobiles. Therefore, there is the possibility that recoveries on repossessed collateral may not, in some cases, be available to support payments on these securities. Credit card receivables are generally unsecured, and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. In addition, there is no assurance that the security interest in the collateral can be realized.

 

Collateralized Loan Obligations (“CLOs”). A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. The loans generate cash flow that is allocated among one or more classes of securities (“tranches”) that vary in risk and yield. The most senior tranche has the best credit quality and the lowest yield compared to the other tranches. The equity tranche has the highest potential yield but also has the greatest risk, as it bears the bulk of defaults from the underlying loans and helps to protect the more senior tranches from risk of these defaults. However, despite the protection from the equity and other more junior tranches, more senior tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults and decreased market value due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CLO securities as a class.

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Normally, CLOs are privately offered and sold and are not registered under state or federal securities laws. Therefore, investments in CLOs may be characterized by the Portfolio as illiquid securities; however, an active dealer market may exist for CLOs allowing a CLO to qualify for transactions pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. CLOs normally charge management fees and administrative expenses, which are in addition to those of the Portfolio.

 

The riskiness of investing in CLOs depends largely on the quality and type of the collateral loans and the tranche of the CLO in which the Fund invests. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed-income securities (such as interest rate risk and credit risk) and the risks associated with investing in CDOs, CLOs carry additional risks including that interest on certain tranches of a CLO may be paid in-kind (meaning that unpaid interest is effectively added to principal), which involves continued exposure to default risk with respect to such payments. Certain CLOs may receive credit enhancement in the form of a senior-subordinate structure, over-collateralization or bond insurance, but such enhancement may not always be present and may fail to protect the Fund against the risk of loss due to defaults on the collateral. Certain CLOs may not hold loans directly, but rather, use derivatives such as swaps to create “synthetic” exposure to the collateral pool of loans. Such CLOs entail the risks of derivative instruments.

 

MORTGAGE PASS-THROUGH SECURITIES. Interests in pools of mortgage pass-through securities differ from other forms of debt securities (which normally provide periodic payments of interest in fixed amounts and the payment of principal in a lump sum at maturity or on specified call dates). Instead, mortgage pass-through securities provide monthly payments consisting of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on the underlying residential mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Unscheduled payments of principal may be made if the underlying mortgage loans are repaid or refinanced or the underlying properties are foreclosed, thereby shortening the securities’ weighted average life. Some mortgage pass-through securities (such as securities guaranteed by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) are described as “modified pass-through securities.” These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, on the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether the mortgagor actually makes the payment.

 

The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage pass-through securities is Ginnie Mae. Ginnie Mae is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the United States, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by lending institutions approved by Ginnie Mae (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and is backed by pools of mortgage loans. These mortgage loans are either insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration. A “pool” or group of such mortgage loans is assembled and after being approved by Ginnie Mae, is offered to investors through securities dealers.

 

Government-related guarantors of mortgage pass-through securities (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States) include Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Association (“Freddie Mac”). Fannie Mae is a

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government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Fannie Mae purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved sellers/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Mortgage pass-through securities issued by Fannie Mae are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by Fannie Mae but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States.

 

Freddie Mac was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a U.S. government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned entirely by private stockholders. Freddie Mac issues Participation Certificates (“PCs”), which represent interests in conventional mortgages from Freddie Mac’s national portfolio. Freddie Mac guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac each may borrow from the Treasury to meet its obligations, but the Treasury is under no obligation to lend to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. In September 2008, the Treasury announced that the government would be taking over Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and placing the companies into a conservatorship. Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage pass-through securities.

 

Mortgage-backed securities offered by private issuers include pass-through securities for pools

of conventional residential mortgage loans; mortgage pay-through obligations and mortgage –backed bonds, which are considered to be obligations of the institution issuing the bonds and are

collateralized by mortgage loans; and bonds and collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) which are collateralized by mortgage-related securities issued by Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae or by pools of conventional mortgages.

 

To Be Announced (“TBA”) securities. The Portfolio may add MBS exposure in the TBA market. The majority of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mae and Ginnie Mae MBS (Agency MBS) are eligible to be sold in the TBA market and most of Agency MBS trading occurs in this forward market which is known as “to be announced” or TBA. In a TBA transaction , the seller of MBS agrees on a sale price and forward settlement date, but does not specify which particular securities will be delivered to the buyer on settlement date. Instead, only a few basic characteristics of MBS securities are confirmed. These characteristics include the agency program type, coupon rate, maturity and face value of the bonds to be delivered. This TBA trading convention enables an extremely heterogeneous market consisting of thousands of different MBS pools backed by millions of individual mortgages to be reduced for trading purposes to only a few liquid contracts. TBA prices, which are publicly observable, also serve as the basis for pricing and hedging a variety of other MBS that do not trade in the TBA market. Similar to Treasury futures, TBAs trade on a “cheapest to deliver” basis as on a settlement date, the seller decides which MBS in their holdings to deliver to the buyer. The seller has a clear

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incentive to deliver the MBS with the lowest relative value that satisfy the terms of the trade. This incentive is well understood by the TBA buyer, who expects to receive securities of lower value than the average MBS for the same program type, maturity, coupon. TBA trading effectively applies a common cheapest-to-deliver price level to intrinsically diverse set of underlying securities that should have different prepayment and therefore relative value characteristics. Therefore, TBA market transforms what is a fundamentally heterogenous universe of individual mortgages into groups of liquid fixed income instruments.

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts. The Portfolio may invest in the securities of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs offer investors greater liquidity and diversification than direct ownership of properties. A REIT is a corporation or business trust that invests substantially all of its assets in interests in real estate. Equity REITs are those which purchase or lease land and buildings and generate income primarily from rental income. Equity REITs may also realize capital gains (or losses) when selling property that has appreciated (or depreciated) in value. Mortgage REITs are those that invest in real estate mortgages and generate income primarily from interest payments on mortgage loans. Hybrid REITs generally invest in both real property and mortgages. Unlike corporations, REITs do not pay income taxes if they meet certain IRS requirements. Real estate related equity securities also include those insured by real estate developers, companies with substantial real estate holdings (for investment or as part of their operations), as well as companies whose products and services are directly related to the real estate industry, such as building supply manufacturers, mortgage lenders or mortgage servicing companies. Like any investment in real estate though, a REIT’s performance depends on several factors, such as its ability to find tenants, renew leases and finance property purchases and renovations. Other risks associated with REIT investments include the fact that equity and mortgage REITs are dependent upon specialized management skills and are not fully diversified. These characteristics subject REITs to the risks associated with financing a limited number of projects. They are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers, and self liquidation. Additionally, equity REITs may be affected by any changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, and mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. By investing in REITs indirectly through the Portfolio, a shareholder bears not only a proportionate share of the expenses of the Portfolio, but also may indirectly bear similar expenses of some of the REITs in which it invests.

 

EVENT-LINKED BONDS. The Portfolio may invest in event-linked bonds. The return of principal and the payment of interest on event-linked bonds are contingent on the non-occurrence of a pre-defined “trigger” event, such as market-wide or country-specific event. If a trigger event, as defined within the terms of an event-linked bond, involves losses or other metrics exceeding a specific amount and time period specified therein, the Portfolio may lose a portion or all of its accrued interest and/or principal invested in such event-linked bond. In addition to the specified trigger events, event-linked bonds may expose the Portfolio to other risks, including but not limited to issuer (credit) default, adverse regulatory or jurisdictional interpretations and adverse tax consequences. Event-linked bonds are also subject to the risk that the model used to calculate the probability of a trigger event was not accurate and underestimated the likelihood of a trigger event. Upon the occurrence or possible occurrence of a trigger event, and until the completion of the processing and auditing of applicable loss claims, the Portfolio’s investments in an event-linked bond may be priced using fair value methods. As a relatively new type of

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financial instrument, there is limited trading history for these securities, and there can be no assurance that a liquid market for these instruments will develop or that if a liquid market is developed, that it will remain liquid under all circumstances.

 

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS. When the Portfolio agrees to purchase or sell a security in a foreign market it will generally be obligated to pay or entitled to receive a specified amount of foreign currency and will then generally convert dollars to that currency in the case of a purchase or that currency to dollars in the case of a sale. The Portfolio will conduct their foreign currency exchange transactions either on a spot basis (i.e., cash) at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market, or through entering into forward foreign currency contracts (“forward contracts”) to purchase or sell foreign currencies. The Portfolio may enter into forward contracts in order to lock in the U.S. dollar amount it must pay or expects to receive for a security it has agreed to buy or sell. The Portfolio may also enter into forward currency contracts with respect to the Portfolio’s positions when it believes that a particular currency may change unfavorably compared to the U.S. dollar. A forward contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract. These contracts are traded in the interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (usually large, commercial banks) and their customers. A forward contract generally has no deposit requirement, and no commissions are charged at any stage for trades.

 

The Portfolio will segregate on its books, U.S. government securities or debt securities in a separate account of the Portfolio in an amount equal to the value of the Portfolio’s total assets committed to the consummation of any such contract in such account. If, rather than cash, portfolio securities are used to secure such a forward contract, on the settlement of the forward contract for delivery by the Portfolio of a foreign currency, the Portfolio may either sell the portfolio security and make delivery of the foreign currency, or it may retain the security and terminate its contractual obligation to deliver the foreign currency by purchasing an “offsetting” contract obligating it to purchase, on the same settlement date, the same amount of foreign currency (referred to as a “closing transaction”). Closing transactions with respect to forward contracts are usually effected with the counterparty to the original forward contract.

 

The Portfolio may effect currency hedging transactions in foreign currency futures contacts, exchange-listed and OTC call and put options on foreign currency futures contracts and on foreign currencies. The use of forward futures or options contracts will not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities which the Portfolio owns or intends to purchase or sell. They simply establish a rate of exchange for a future point in time. Additionally, while these techniques tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, their use tends to limit any potential gain which might result from the increase in value of such currency. In addition, such transactions involve costs and may result in losses.

 

The successful use of these transactions will usually depend on the Sub-Adviser’s or Manager's ability to accurately forecast currency exchange rate movements. Should exchange rates move in an unexpected manner, the Portfolio may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the transaction, or it may realize losses. In addition, these techniques could result in a loss if the counterparty to the transaction does not perform as promised, including because of the counterparty’s

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bankruptcy or insolvency. Moreover, there may be an imperfect correlation between the Portfolio’s holdings of securities denominated in a particular currency and the currencies bought or sold in the forward contracts entered into by the Portfolio. This imperfect correlation may cause the Portfolio to sustain losses that will prevent the Portfolio from achieving a complete hedge or expose the Portfolio to risk of foreign exchange loss. In addition, investors should bear in mind that the Portfolio is not obligated to actively engage in hedging or other currency transactions. For example, the Portfolio may not have attempted to hedge its exposure to a particular foreign currency at a time when doing so might have avoided a loss.

 

Although the Portfolio values its assets in terms of U.S. dollars, it does not intend to convert its holdings of foreign currencies to U.S. dollars on a daily basis. The Portfolio will, however, do so from time to time, and investors should be aware of the costs of currency conversion. Although foreign exchange dealers typically do not charge a fee for conversion, they do realize a profit based on the spread between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to the Portfolio at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Portfolio desire to resell that currency to the dealer.

 

The transactions described in this section may also give risk to certain federal income tax consequences described below under the heading “Certain Tax Considerations.”

 

ADDITIONAL RISKS. Securities in which the Portfolio may invest are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors and shareholders, such as the federal bankruptcy laws and federal, state and local laws which may be enacted by Congress or the state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations.

 

RATINGS OF CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS. Moody’s, S&P and Fitch are private services that provide ratings of the credit quality of debt obligations, including issues of corporate securities. A description of the range of ratings assigned to corporate securities by Moody’s, S&P and Fitch is included in Appendix A to this SAI. The Portfolio may use these ratings in determining whether to purchase, sell or hold a security. These ratings represent Moody’s, S&P’s and Fitch’s opinions as to the quality of the securities that they undertake to rate. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, securities with the same maturity, interest rate and ratings may have different market prices. Subsequent to its purchase by the Portfolio an issue of securities may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced below the minimum rating required for purchase by the Portfolio. The Sub-Advisers or Manager will consider such an event in determining whether the Portfolio should continue to hold the obligation and will dispose of such securities if the securities have become overvalued relative to the expected future cash flows or if the changes that led to the downgrade have rendered the future cash flows of the security too uncertain to project in the opinion of the Sub-Adviser. If a security is given different ratings by different nationally recognized statistical rating organizations, the Sub-Adviser consider the security's rating to be the highest rating of the ratings.

 

RESETS. The interest rates paid on the Adjustable Rate Mortgage Securities (“ARMs”) in which the Portfolio may invest generally are readjusted or reset at intervals of one year or less to

33 
 

an increment over some predetermined interest rate index. There are two main categories of indices: those based on U.S. Treasury securities and those derived from a calculated measure, such as a cost of funds index or a moving average of mortgage rates. Commonly utilized indices include the one-year and five-year constant maturity Treasury Note rates, the three-month Treasury Bill rate, the 180-day Treasury Bill rate, rates on longer-term Treasury securities, the National Median Cost of Funds, the one-month or three-month LIBOR, the prime rate of a specific bank, or commercial paper rates. Some indices, such as the one-year constant maturity Treasury Note rate, closely mirror changes in market interest rate levels. Others tend to lag changes in market rate levels and tend to be somewhat less volatile.

 

CAPS AND FLOORS. The underlying mortgages, which collateralize the ARMs in which the Portfolio invests, will frequently have caps and floors which limit the maximum amount by which the loan rate to the residential borrower may change up or down:  (1) per reset or adjustment interval and (2) over the life of the loan. Some residential mortgage loans restrict periodic adjustments by limiting changes in the borrower’s monthly principal and interest payments rather than limiting interest rate changes. These payment caps may result in negative amortization. The value of mortgage securities in which the Portfolio invests may be affected if market interest rates rise or fall faster and farther than the allowable caps or floors on the underlying residential mortgage loans. Additionally, even though the interest rates on the underlying residential mortgages are adjustable, amortization and prepayments may occur, thereby causing the effective maturities of the mortgage securities in which the Portfolio invests to be shorter than the maturities stated in the underlying mortgages.

 

REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Portfolio may invest without limit in repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is effectively a loan whereby an instrument under which the investor (such as the Portfolio) acquires ownership of a security (known as the “underlying security”) and the seller (i.e., a bank or primary dealer) agrees, at the time of the sale, to repurchase the underlying security at a mutually agreed upon time and price, thereby determining the yield during the term of the agreement. This results in a fixed rate of return insulated from market fluctuations during such period, unless the seller defaults on its repurchase obligations. The Portfolio will enter into repurchase agreements only where (i) the underlying securities are of the type (excluding maturity limitations) which the Portfolio’s investment guidelines would allow it to purchase directly, (ii) the market value of the underlying security, including interest accrued, will be at all times at least equal to the value of the repurchase agreement, and (iii) payment for the underlying security is made only upon physical delivery or evidence of book-entry transfer to the account of the Portfolio’s custodian. Repurchase agreements usually are for short periods, often under one week, and will not be entered into by the Portfolio for a duration of more than seven days if, as a result, more than 15% of the NAV of the Portfolio would be invested in such agreements or other securities, which are illiquid.

 

The Portfolio will assure that the amount of collateral with respect to any repurchase agreement is adequate. As with a true extension of credit, however, there is risk of delay in recovery or the possibility of inadequacy of the collateral should the seller of the repurchase agreement fail financially. In addition, the Portfolio could incur costs in connection with the disposition of the collateral if the seller were to default. The Portfolio will enter into repurchase agreements only with sellers deemed to be creditworthy by the Portfolio’s Sub-Adviser or Manager or the Board

34 
 

of Trustees, or pursuant to guidelines established by the Board of Trustees of the Trust and only when the economic benefit to the Portfolio is believed to justify the attendant risks. The Portfolio has adopted standards for the sellers with whom they will enter into repurchase agreements. The Board of Trustees of the Trust believes these standards are designed to reasonably assure that such sellers present no serious risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the repurchase agreement. The Portfolio may enter into repurchase agreements only with well-established securities dealers or with member banks of the Federal Reserve System.

 

REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities to a bank or other institution with an agreement that an investor (such as the Portfolio) will buy back the securities at a fixed future date at a fixed price plus an agreed amount of "interest" which may be reflected in the repurchase price. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of securities purchased by the Portfolio with proceeds of the transaction may decline below the repurchase price of the securities sold by the Portfolio that it is obligated to repurchase. The Portfolio will also continue to be subject to the risk of a decline in the market value of the securities sold under the agreements because it will reacquire those securities upon effecting their repurchase. Reverse repurchase agreements may be considered to be a type of borrowing. The 1940 Act permits a fund to borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the fund's total assets from banks for any purpose and up to 5% of the fund's total assets from banks and other lenders for temporary purposes. The Portfolio will segregate assets in an amount at least equal to the repurchase price of the securities when engaging in all reverse repurchase transactions.

 

DOLLAR ROLLS. Dollar roll market is similar to a repurchase agreement (“repo”) where two parties simultaneously agree to exchange a security for cash in the near term and to reverse the exchange at a later date. A dollar roll is a combination of one TBA trade with a simultaneous and offsetting TBA trade with a different settlement date. Dollar rolls are used as a funding and hedging mechanism in Agency MBS market that allows investors and market makers great flexibility in adjusting their positions for either economic or operational reasons. An investor who has bought a TBA but does not want to deal with operational issues of receiving delivering of “cheapest-to-deliver” MBS, could sell an offsetting TBA for that settlement date and simultaneously buy another TBA for a forward settlement date (1 to 6 month forward) and not deal with operational issues while maintaining the same economic exposure. Dollar rolls could also be used as short-term financing at a favorable rate by selling a TBA for one date and buying another TBA for a later date.

 

SHORT SALES. A short sale is a transaction in which the Portfolio sells a security it does not own or have the right to acquire (or that it owns but does not wish to deliver) in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline.

 

When the Portfolio makes a short sale, the broker-dealer through which the short sale is made must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the party purchasing the security. The Portfolio is required to make a margin deposit in connection with such short sales; the Portfolio may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and will often be obligated to pay over any dividends and accrued interest on borrowed securities.

35 
 

 

If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Portfolio covers its short position, the Portfolio will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Portfolio will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.

 

To the extent the Portfolio sells securities short, it will provide collateral to the broker-dealer and (except in the case of short sales “against the box”) will maintain additional asset coverage in the form of cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities with its custodian in a segregated account in an amount at least equal to the difference between the current market value of the securities sold short and any amounts required to be deposited as collateral with the selling broker (not including the proceeds of the short sale). The Portfolio does not intend to enter into short sales (other than short sales “against the box”) if immediately after such sales the aggregate of the value of all collateral plus the amount in such segregated account exceeds 10% of the value of the Portfolio’s net assets. This percentage may be varied by action of the Board of Trustees. A short sale is “against the box” to the extent the Portfolio contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short.

 

LARGE SHAREHOLDER REDEMPTIONS. Certain account holders may from time to time own (beneficially or of record) or control a significant percentage of the Portfolio’s shares. Redemptions by large account holders of their shares in the Portfolio may impact the Portfolio’s liquidity and NAV. These redemptions may also force the Portfolio to sell securities at a time when the Manager or the Sub-Adviser would otherwise not choose to sell, which may negatively impact the Portfolio’s performance, as well as increase the Portfolio’s trading costs and its taxable distributions to shareholders.

 

Special Risks Related to Cyber Security. The Portfolio and its service providers are susceptible to cyber security risks that include, among other things, theft, unauthorized monitoring, release, misuse, loss, destruction or corruption of confidential and highly restricted data; denial of service attacks; unauthorized access to relevant systems; compromises to networks or devices that the Portfolio and its service providers use to service the Portfolio’s operations; or operational disruption or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Portfolio and its service providers. Cyber attacks against or security breakdowns of the Portfolio or its service providers may adversely impact the Portfolio and its shareholders, potentially resulting in, among other things, financial losses; the inability of Portfolio shareholders to transact business and the Portfolio to process transactions; inability to calculate the Portfolio’s NAV; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs; and/or additional compliance costs. The Portfolio may incur additional costs for cyber security risk management and remediation purposes. In addition, cyber security risks may also impact issuers of securities in which the Portfolio invests, which may cause the Portfolio’s investment in such issuers to lose value. There can be no assurance that the Portfolio or its service providers will not suffer losses relating to cyber attacks or other information security breaches in the future.

 

36 
 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER. Information regarding the portfolio turnover rate for the Portfolio, when available, will be available in the Financial Highlights section of the Portfolio’s Prospectus.

 

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

The following policies and limitations supplement those set forth in the Prospectus. For purposes of the following restrictions and those contained in the Prospectus: (i) all percentage limitations apply immediately after a purchase or initial investment; and (ii) except for the limitation applicable to borrowing money, any subsequent change in any applicable percentage resulting from market fluctuations or other changes in the amount of total assets does not require elimination of any security from the Portfolio. Accordingly, any subsequent change in values, net assets or other circumstances will not be considered when determining whether the investment complies with the Portfolio’s investment policies and limitations.

 

The Portfolio’s fundamental investment policies and limitations may be changed only with the consent of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” of the Portfolio. As used in this SAI, the term “majority of the outstanding voting securities” means the lesser of (1) 67% of the shares of the Portfolio present at a meeting where the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio are present in person or by proxy, or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio.

 

The investment objectives of the Portfolio is not fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval. All investment policies and restrictions that are not identified as fundamental may be changed with Board approval and do not require a shareholder vote.

 

FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

The Portfolio may not:

1.With respect to 75% of its total assets taken at market value, invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any one issuer, except obligations of, or guaranteed by, the U.S. government, its agencies, or instrumentalities, if, as a result, more than 5% of the value of the Portfolio’s total assets would be invested in the securities of any one issuer;
2.With respect to 75% of its assets, purchase more than 10% of any class of the outstanding voting securities of any issuer;
3.Invest 25% or more of its net assets in securities of issuers in a particular industry or group of industries (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or any of its agencies), except that the Portfolio will invest at least 25% of its net assets in agency and nonagency residential mortgage-backed securities, commercial mortgage-backed securities, and other mortgage-related securities (such as CMOs);
4.Borrow money, except from a bank in an aggregate amount not exceeding one third of the Portfolio’s total assets;
37 
 
5.Purchase or sell commodities, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the SEC;
6.Purchase or sell real estate or real estate mortgage loans, except that the Portfolio may invest in REITs and the securities of real estate industry companies and other companies that deal in real estate, and in securities secured by real estate or interests therein. In addition, the Portfolio may hold and sell real estate acquired through default, liquidation or other distributions of an interest in real estate as a result of the Portfolio’s’ ownership of such securities;
7.Underwrite securities of other companies, except to the extent that the Portfolio may be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act in disposing of a security;
8.Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except that: (i) the Portfolio may borrow from banks in amounts not exceeding one-third of its total assets (including the amount borrowed); and (ii) this restriction shall not prohibit the Portfolio from engaging in transactions in derivative instruments or short sales in accordance with its objective and strategies or as otherwise permitted by the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, as such statutes, rules, and regulations are amended from time to time or are interpreted from time to time by the SEC or its staff and any exemptive order or similar relief granted to the Portfolio; and
9.Make loans of money, except for the lending of its portfolio securities, purchases of debt securities consistent with the investment policies of the Portfolio, and entering into repurchase agreements, and except as otherwise permitted by the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, as such statutes, rules, and regulations are amended from time to time or are interpreted from time to time by the SEC or its staff and any exemptive order or similar relief granted to the Portfolio.

 

The Portfolio may purchase securities, which are not registered under the 1933 Act but which can be sold to “qualified institutional buyers” in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. Any such security will not be considered illiquid so long as it is determined by the Board of Trustees or the Manager, acting under guidelines approved and monitored by the Board, which has the ultimate responsibility for any determination regarding liquidity and that an adequate trading market exists for that security. This investment practice could have the effect of increasing the level of illiquidity in the Portfolio during any period that qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in purchasing these restricted securities. The Portfolio does not treat investments in ABS (such as issues or vehicles collateralized by student loans, auto loans, or nontraditional collateral) as investments in a single industry or group of industries.

 

Investment limitations and restrictions described above apply at the time of investment, except for the restriction applicable to borrowings, which is ongoing.

 

NON-FUNDAMENTAL POLICIES

The following policies may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval. The Portfolio will not invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets in securities that are

38 
 

illiquid. In addition, the Portfolio cannot: (a) purchase securities on margin except for such short-term loans as are necessary for the clearance of purchases of Portfolio securities, collateral arrangements in connection with transactions in derivative transactions and other types of investment financing transactions; and (b) invest for the purpose of exercising control or management of another company.

The 80% investment restriction noted in the Prospectus of the Portfolio is also non-fundamental, but requires 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders before it can be changed.

 

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE

The Trust has adopted policies and procedures regarding disclosure of portfolio holdings (the “Policy”). Pursuant to the Policy, the Trust may disclose information concerning Trust portfolio holdings only if such disclosure is consistent with the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws and the Trust’s and the Manager’s fiduciary duties to Trust shareholders. The Manager may not receive compensation or any other consideration in connection with the disclosure of information about the portfolio securities of the Trust. Consideration includes any agreement to maintain assets in the Trust or in other investment companies or accounts managed by the Manager or by any of its affiliates. Material non-public information concerning portfolio holdings may be divulged to third parties only when the Trust has a legitimate business purpose for doing so and the recipients of the information are subject to a duty of confidentiality, which has been memorialized in an approved non-disclosure agreement. Such non-disclosure agreement shall also prohibit the recipient from trading on the basis of non-public portfolio holdings information. Persons who owe a duty of trust or confidence to the Trust or the Manager (such as legal counsel) may receive non-public portfolio holdings information without entering into a non-disclosure agreement. Under no circumstances shall current or prospective Trust shareholders receive non-public portfolio holdings information, except as described below.

Statutory Portfolio Holdings Disclosure. As required by Section 30 of the 1940 Act, the Trust discloses the Portfolio’s portfolio holdings by mailing its annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders approximately two months after the end of the Portfolio’s fiscal year and semi-annual period.

 

Shareholders may call 1-800-807-FUND to obtain the Portfolio’s portfolio holdings within two months of the Portfolio’s first and third fiscal quarter endings, as filed with the SEC on Form N-Q.

 

Selective Portfolio Holdings Disclosure. The Portfolio does not selectively disclose its portfolio holdings to any person, other than to rating agencies and newly hired or prospective investment advisers or sub-advisers. Selective disclosures to newly hired or prospective investment advisers or sub-advisers are made only pursuant to written agreements which require that the information be kept confidential and prohibit the recipient from trading on the basis of the information. The Portfolio may disclose its month-end portfolio holdings to rating agencies no sooner than thirty days after the month-end, with the understanding that such holdings may be posted or disseminated to the public by the rating agencies at any time.

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Voluntary Portfolio Holdings Disclosure. Approximately one to three weeks after the end of each calendar quarter, Saratoga posts on the Trust’s website a profile of the Portfolio, which typically includes the Portfolio’s top holdings.

 

The Portfolio will make available by telephone (1-800-807-FUND), no sooner than thirty days after the end of each month, a complete schedule of its month-end portfolio holdings.

 

The Trust’s Administrator shall monitor the use of portfolio holdings disclosure and shall review initial registration statements, and post-effective amendments to ensure that the disclosure referenced above is included and continues to be accurate.

 

PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES AND CONTROL PERSONS OF THE PORTFOLIO

As of the date of this SAI, the Manager, which provided the initial capitalization for the Portfolio, owned 100% of the Portfolio and was deemed to control the Portfolio. It is anticipated that, over time, as the Portfolio’s shares are sold to the public, this percentage will decline. From time to time, certain other shareholders may own a large percentage of the shares of the Portfolio. Accordingly, those shareholders may be able to greatly affect (if not determine) the outcome of a shareholder vote. “Control” for this purpose is the ownership of 25% or more of the Portfolio’s voting securities.

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

The Trustees and executive officers of the Trust, and their principal occupations during the past five years, are set forth in the table below. Bruce E. Ventimiglia, Stephen Ventimiglia, Jonathan W. Ventimiglia and James S. Vitalie are “interested persons” of the Trust (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) by virtue of their positions as officers and/or directors of Saratoga or the Manager.

Name, Age and
Address
Position(s)
Held with
Trust
Term*/
Length of
Time
Served
Principal
Occupation(s) During
Past 5 Years
Number of
Portfolios in Fund
Complex Overseen by
Trustee

Other
Directorships
Held by Trustee

During Past 5 Years

INTERESTED TRUSTEES:

Bruce E. Ventimiglia, 62
1616 N. Litchfield Rd.

Suite 165

Goodyear, AZ 85395

President, CEO, and
Chairman of the Board of Trustees**
Since September 1994

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Saratoga Capital Management, LLC 29 None
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES:        
40 
 

 

Patrick H. McCollough, 75
1616 N. Litchfield Rd.

Suite 165

Goodyear, AZ 85395

Trustee

Since September 1994

 

Retired 29 Trustee, Board of Harbor Beach Community Hospital (2011-Present)

Udo Koopmann, 76
1616 N. Litchfield Rd.

Suite 165

Goodyear, AZ 85395

Trustee Since April 1997 Retired 29

None

 

Floyd E. Seal, 68
1616 N. Litchfield Rd.

Suite 165

Goodyear, AZ 85395

Trustee Since April 1997 Retired. Director of Operations, Pet Goods Manufacturing LLC (January 2013 – 2017) 29 None

Stephen H. Hamrick, 66
1616 N. Litchfield Rd.

Suite 165

Goodyear, AZ 85395

Trustee Since January 2003 President and Chief Executive Officer, Terra Capital Markets, LLC (January 2011-Present) (broker-dealer) 29

None

 

OFFICERS:

Stephen Ventimiglia, 61
1616 N. Litchfield Rd.

Suite 165

Goodyear, AZ 85395

Vice President
and Secretary **
Since September 1994 Vice Chairman and Chief Investment Officer of Saratoga Capital Management, LLC 29 None

Jonathan W. Ventimiglia, 35

1616 N. Litchfield Rd.

Suite 165

Goodyear, AZ 85395

Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer, Vice President & Assistant Secretary *** Treasurer & Chief Financial Officer since July 2009; Vice President & Assistant Secretary since January 2008 Chief Financial Officer, Chief Compliance Officer of Saratoga Capital Management, LLC (July 2009-Present) 29 None
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James S. Vitalie, 58

1616 N. Litchfield Rd.

Suite 165

Goodyear, AZ 85395

Vice President Since January 2011 Chief Executive Officer of James Alpha Advisors, LLC (September 2015 – Present); President of James Alpha Holdings, LLC (2017-Present); President of James Alpha Management, LLC (March 2008 – 2017); Executive Vice President of FDX Capital LLC (June 2012- Present) 29 Board Member, The Joshua School (January 2016 – Present)

Michael J. Wagner, 67

c/o Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC

80 Arkay Drive, Suite 110

Hauppauge, NY 11788

Chief Compliance Officer Since July 2006 President of Northern Lights  Compliance Services, LLC  (2006-Present) 29

None

 

* Each Trustee will serve an indefinite term until his or her successor, if any, is duly elected and qualified. Officers of the Trust are elected annually.

** Bruce E. Ventimiglia and Stephen Ventimiglia are brothers.

*** Jonathan W. Ventimiglia is Bruce E. Ventimiglia’s son.

For each Trustee, the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the Trustee as of December 31, 2017 is shown in the table below.

Name of Trustee Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Portfolio Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Trust
Bruce E. Ventimiglia None Over $100,000
Patrick H. McCollough None Over $100,000
Udo W. Koopmann None $1-$10,000
Floyd E. Seal None $1-$10,000
Stephen H. Hamrick None $50,001-$100,000

 

As to each Independent Trustee and his immediate family members, no person owned beneficially or of record securities in an investment advisor or principal underwriter of the Trust, or a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with an investment adviser, sub-adviser or principal underwriter of the Trust.

Board Leadership Structure, Risk Oversight and Trustee Qualifications

The Board of the Trust consists of five Trustees, four of whom are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act), of the Trust (the “Independent Trustees”). The Board is responsible for overseeing the management and operations of the Trust, including general supervision of the duties performed by Saratoga and other service providers to the Trust. Saratoga is responsible for

42 
 

overseeing the day-to-day business affairs of the Trust. James Alpha is responsible for selecting and overseeing one or more sub-advisers to manage one or more investment strategies of the Portfolio.

 

The Board believes that each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees lead to the conclusion that each Trustee possesses the requisite skills and attributes to carry out his oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust. The Board believes that the Trustees’ ability to review, critically evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with Saratoga, the Manager, other service providers, counsel and independent auditors, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties, support this conclusion. The Board also has considered the following experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills, among others, of its members in reaching its conclusion: such person’s character and integrity; length of service as a Board member of the Trust; such person’s willingness to serve and willingness and ability to commit the time necessary to perform the duties of a Trustee; and as to each Trustee other than Mr. Ventimiglia, his status as not being an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust. In addition, the following specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills apply as to each Trustee:

Bruce Ventimiglia

Mr. Ventimiglia has business and financial experience through his service as the Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Saratoga Capital Management, LLC, and as a Trustee of the Trust since September 1994. Mr. Ventimiglia was previously a Senior Vice President and the National Director of Financial Services for Prudential Securities Incorporated and was a member of that firm’s Operating Council. In addition, he was previously Co-Chair of the Business and Labor Coalition of New York.

Patrick McCollough

Mr. McCollough has business and financial experience through his former consulting relationship to a law and government relations firm, his former service as a partner in a law firm, and as a Trustee of the Trust since September 1994. Mr. McCollough also served as a Michigan State Senator, where he was Chairman of the Finance Committee.

Floyd Seal

Mr. Seal has business, financial and accounting experience through his former service as the Director of Operations of Pet Goods Manufacturing, LLC, through his previous service as the Chief Executive Officer and owner of Tarahill Inc., d.b.a. Pet Goods Manufacturing & Imports, as a Certified Public Accountant and as a Trustee of the Trust since April 1997.

Udo Koopmann

Mr. Koopmann has business and financial experience through his previous service as Chief Financial and Administrative Executive of the North American subsidiary of Klockner & Company AG, a multinational German company and as a Trustee of the Trust since April 1997.

Stephen Hamrick

Mr. Hamrick has business and financial experience through his service as President and Chief Executive Officer of Terra Capital Markets, LLC, a broker-dealer, and through his former

43 
 

service as President of Lightstone Value Plus REIT (a real estate investment trust) and Lightstone Securities LLC (a broker-dealer), and his former service as a Managing Director of W.P. Carey & Co., a real estate investments and management firm, Chairman and President of Carey Financial Corp., a broker-dealer, and as a Trustee of the Trust since January 2003.

 

The Trustees of the Trust, their addresses, positions with the Trust, ages, term of office and length of time served, principal occupations during the past five years, the number of portfolios in the Trust overseen by each Trustee and other directorships, if any, held by the Trustees, are set forth above.

The Board of the Trust met six times during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2017.

The Board has an Audit Committee consisting of three Trustees who are Independent Trustees. Messrs. Seal, Koopmann and McCollough are members of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee has the responsibility, among other things, to: (i) oversee the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Trust and its internal control over financial reporting; (ii) oversee the quality and integrity of the Trust’s financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (iii) oversee or, as appropriate, assist the Board’s oversight of the Trust’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Trust’s accounting and financial reporting, internal control over financial reporting and independent audit; (iv) approve prior to appointment the engagement of the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm and, in connection therewith, to review and evaluate the qualifications, independence and performance of the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm; and (v) act as a liaison between the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm and the full Board. The Audit Committee met five times during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2017. Mr. Ventimiglia serves as Chairman of the Board and in this capacity presides at all Board meetings of the Trustees and oversees the functioning of the Board activities. In selecting Mr. Ventimiglia to serve as Chairman of the Board of the Trust, the Board of Trustees has determined that the use of an interested person as Chairman is appropriate and benefits shareholders. The Board believes that an interested Chairman has a personal as well as a professional stake in the management of the Trust and that the Board’s leadership structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Trustees from management of the Trust.

The Independent Trustees also believe that because a majority of the Trustees are independent trustees, the Board is able to operate in a manner that provides for an appropriate level of independent action and oversight. The Independent Trustees regularly meet outside the presence of management during which time they review matters relating to the independent oversight of the Trust and are advised by independent legal counsel. As a result, the Independent Trustees believe that they can act independently and effectively without having an Independent Trustee serving as Chairman of the Board or as a lead independent trustee.

As an integral part of its responsibility for oversight of the Trust in the interests of shareholders, the Board, as a general matter, oversees risk management of the Trust’s investment programs and business affairs. The function of the Board with respect to risk management is one of oversight and not active involvement in, or coordination of, day-to-day risk management activities for the Trust. The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Trust can be identified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Trust’s goals, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in

44 
 

their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Trustees that may relate to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information.

The Board exercises oversight of the risk management process primarily through the Audit Committee, and through oversight by the Board itself. The Trust faces a number of risks, such as investment-related and compliance risks. Personnel of Saratoga and the Manager seek to identify and address risks, i.e., events or circumstances that could have material adverse effects on the business, operations, shareholder services, investment performance or reputation of the Trust. Under the overall supervision of the Board, Saratoga and the Manager employs a variety of processes, procedures and controls in seeking to identify such possible events or circumstances, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks. Various personnel, including the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer, as well as various personnel of Saratoga and the Manager and other service providers such as the Trust’s independent accountants, may report to the Audit Committee and/or to the Board with respect to various aspects of risk management, as well as events and circumstances that may arise and responses thereto.

 

Compensation

As of December 31, 2017, each Independent Trustee received fees for attendance, in-person or by telephone, at regular or special Board and Audit Committee and other committee meetings and at non-regular limited purpose Board meetings, based on the aggregate value of the series of the Trust’s assets on the last day of the reporting month for each meeting according to the following schedule:

 

Aggregate Value of the Series of the Trust’s  Assets Trustee Fee Per Board Meeting Day

Trustee Fee Per Audit Committee Meeting and Other Committee Meeting Day

 

Trustee Fee Per Non-Regular Limited

Purpose Board Meeting

Below $200 million $2,500 $500 $500
$200 million to $249,999,999 $3,000 $600 $500
$250 million to $299,999,999 $3,500 $700 $500
$300 million to $349,999,999 $4,000 $800 $500
$350 million to $399,999,999 $4,500 $900 $500
$400 million and above $5,000 $1,000 $500

 

 

Such compensation is paid by the Portfolio in proportion to the Portfolio’s assets relative to the aggregate of all of the Trust’s portfolios’ assets, with the exception of the U.S. Government Money Market Portfolio for which the Trustees have agreed to waive their fees.

 

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The following table sets forth the aggregate compensation paid by the Trust to each of the Trustees for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2017.

 

 

Trustee Aggregate Compensation from Trust Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued As Part of Portfolio Expenses

Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement

Total Compensation From Trust and Fund Complex Paid to Trustee
Bruce E. Ventimiglia None N/A N/A None
Patrick H. McCollough $29,518.53 N/A N/A $29,518.53
Udo W. Koopmann $29,518.53   N/A N/A $29,518.53
Floyd E. Seal $29,518.53 N/A N/A $29,518.53
Stephen H. Hamrick $25,584.53 N/A N/A $25,584.53

 

General Information about the Board. The Board is responsible for protecting the interests of the Trust’s shareholders. The Trustees meet periodically throughout the year to oversee the Trust’s activities, review its performance and review the actions of the Manager, which is responsible for the Portfolio’s day-to-day operations. Six meetings were held during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2017.

 

Committees. The Board of Trustees has appointed a standing Audit Committee comprised solely of Independent Trustees. Currently, the Audit Committee is composed of Messrs. McCollough, Koopmann, and Seal. The Audit Committee, among other matters, approves professional services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm and other accounting firms prior to the performance of the services, makes recommendations to the Board with respect to the engagement of the independent registered public accounting firm and reviews with the independent accountants the plan and results of the audit engagement and matters having a material effect on the Portfolio’s financial operations.

 

[As of [ ], 2018, the Trustees and Officers of the Trust as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each class of the Portfolio.]

 

MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES

The Trust, on behalf of the Portfolio, has entered into an investment management agreement with James Alpha (the “Investment Management Agreement”). Under the Investment Management Agreement, subject to the general supervision of the Board of Trustees, James Alpha is responsible for managing the Portfolio in accordance with its investment objectives and policies. James Alpha has discretion to invest and reinvest the Portfolio’s assets in securities and other instruments. The Investment Management Agreement was approved by the Board of Trustees on [April 10], 2018 for an initial period of two years. The Investment Management Agreement will continue in effect from year-to-year if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board of Trustees and a majority of Independent Trustees or by vote of a majority of the Portfolio’s outstanding voting securities and by a majority of the trustees who are not parties to the Investment Management Agreement or interested persons of any such party, at a meeting

46 
 

called for the purpose of voting on the Investment Management Agreement. The Investment Management Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of the Portfolio immediately upon written notice when authorized either by a majority vote of the Portfolio’s shareholders or by a vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees, or by James Alpha upon 180 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Investment Management Agreement provides that James Alpha, under such Agreement, shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss arising out of any investment or for any act or omission in the execution of portfolio transactions for the Portfolio, except for willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties, or by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations or duties thereunder.

 

The Manager has entered into an investment advisory agreement with the Sub-Adviser (the “Sub-Advisory Agreement”). Under the Sub-Advisory Agreement, subject to the general supervision of the Board of Trustees and the Manager, the Sub-Adviser is delegated the responsibility for managing the Portfolio in accordance with its investment objectives and policies. Under this delegated authority, the Sub-Adviser has discretion to invest and reinvest the Portfolio’s assets in securities and other instruments.

 

The Sub-Advisory Agreement was approved by the Board of Trustees on [April 10], 2018 for an initial period of two years. The Sub-Advisory Agreement will continue in effect from year-to-year thereafter if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board of Trustees and a majority of Independent Trustees or by vote of a majority of the Portfolio’s outstanding voting securities and by a majority of the trustees who are not parties to the Sub-Advisory Agreement or interested persons of any such party, at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Sub-Advisory Agreement. The Sub-Advisory Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of the Portfolio immediately upon written notice when authorized either by a majority vote of the Portfolio’s shareholders or by a vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees, or by the Sub-Adviser upon 180 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Sub-Advisory Agreement provides that the Sub-Adviser, under such Agreement, shall not be liable for any investment loss suffered by the Portfolio in connection with matters to which the Sub-Advisory Agreement relates, except in the case of the Sub-Adviser’s negligence, actual misconduct or violation of any applicable statute; provided, however, that this limitation shall not act to relieve the Sub-Adviser from any responsibility, obligation or duty which the Sub-Adviser may have under any federal or state securities acts or other applicable statutes. The Manager has also entered in a Marketing and Distribution Support Agreement with the Sub-Adviser pursuant to which the Sub-Adviser has agreed to pay a portion of certain marketing and distribution expenses incurred by the Manager or its affiliates in promoting the Portfolio and the Manager has agreed to pay the Sub-Adviser an additional amount on Portfolio assets owned by certain shareholders that had a pre-existing relationship with the Sub-Adviser. This Agreement will have the effect of varying the amount payable by the Manager to the Sub-Adviser.

 

The SEC has granted exemptive relief that permits James Alpha, subject to certain conditions, to enter into and materially amend investment sub-advisory agreements with affiliated or unaffiliated sub-advisers on behalf of certain portfolios without shareholder approval. This means that James Alpha is able to reduce the sub-advisory fee and retain a larger portion of the

47 
 

management fee, or increase the sub-advisory fee and retain a smaller portion of the management fee. Under a manager of managers structure, James Alpha has ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight of the Board of Trustees, for overseeing the Trust’s sub-advisers and recommending to the Board of Trustees their hiring, termination, or replacement. Within 90 days of retaining a new sub-adviser, shareholders of the Portfolio will receive notification of the change. This manager of managers structure enables the Portfolio to operate with greater efficiency and without incurring the expense and delays associated with obtaining shareholder approval of sub-advisory agreements. The structure does not permit investment advisory fees paid by the Portfolio to be increased or change James Alpha’s obligations under the investment advisory agreement, including James Alpha’s responsibility to monitor and oversee sub-advisory services furnished to the Portfolio, without shareholder approval.

 

In consideration of the services provided by James Alpha pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement, James Alpha is entitled to receive from the Portfolio an investment advisory fee of 1.20% per annum of the Portfolio’s average daily net assets.

 

James Alpha may voluntarily agree to waive a portion of the fees payable to it on a month to month basis, including additional fees above and beyond any written agreement James Alpha may have to waive fees and/or reimburse the Portfolio’s expenses.

 

Pursuant to an operating expense limitation agreement (the “Expense Limitation Agreement”) between James Alpha and the Portfolio, James Alpha has agreed to waive its fees and/or absorb expenses of the Portfolio to ensure that Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses (excluding front-end and contingent deferred sales loads, leverage, interest and tax expenses, dividends and interest on short positions, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger, liquidation or reorganization, extraordinary or non-routine expenses and Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses) for the Portfolio do not exceed 1.74%, 1.49% and 2.49% of the Portfolio’s average net assets, for Class A, Class I and Class C shares, respectively, through March 31, 2020. The Expense Limitation Agreement can be terminated during its term only by, or with the consent of, the Board of Trustees. James Alpha is permitted to seek reimbursement from the Portfolio, subject to limitations, for fees it waived and Portfolio expenses it paid within three (3) years of the end of the fiscal year in which such fees were waived or expenses paid, as long as the reimbursement does not cause the Portfolio’s operating expenses to exceed (i) the expense cap in place at the time the management fees were waived or the expenses were incurred; or (ii) the current Expense Cap, whichever is less. 

Pursuant to a fee waiver and operating expense limitation agreement (the “Expense Limitation Agreement”) between James Alpha and the Portfolio, James Alpha has agreed to waive all of the management fee payable to James Alpha by the Portfolio on Class S shares, and to absorb expenses of the Portfolio to ensure that Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses (excluding front-end and contingent deferred sales loads, leverage, interest and tax expenses, dividends and interest on short positions, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger, liquidation or reorganization, extraordinary or non-routine expenses and Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses) do not exceed 1.49% of the Portfolio’s average net assets for Class S shares through March 31, 2020. The Expense Limitation Agreement can be terminated during its term only by, or with the consent of, the Board of Trustees. James Alpha is permitted to seek reimbursement from the Portfolio, subject to limitations, for fees it waived (other than on Class S shares) and Portfolio expenses it paid within three (3) years of the end of the fiscal year in which such fees were waived or expenses paid, as long as the reimbursement does not cause the Portfolio’s operating expenses to exceed (i) the expense cap in place at the time the management fees were waived or the expenses were incurred; or (ii) the current Expense Cap, whichever is less.

 

To assist James Alpha in its obligation to limit the Portfolio’s total expenses pursuant to the Expense Limitation Agreement, the Sub-Adviser has entered into a Sub-Expense Limitation Agreement with James Alpha, pursuant to which the Sub-Adviser agrees to pay an amount equal to the Portfolio expenses reimbursed by James Alpha for Class S shares.

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

Other Accounts Managed

The following table lists the number and types of accounts managed by each portfolio manager for the Portfolio and assets under management in those accounts as of [ ], 20[ ].

Portfolio

Manager

Registered

Investment

Company Accounts

Assets

Managed

($ millions)

Pooled

Investment

Vehicle Accounts

Assets

Managed

($ millions)

Other

Accounts*

Assets

Managed

($ millions)

Total

Assets

Managed

($ millions)

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Jay Menozzi

Orange Investment Advisors, LLC

[  ] $[  ] [  ] $[  ] [  ] $[  ] $[  ]

Boris Peresechensky

Orange Investment Advisors, LLC

[  ] $[  ] [  ] $[  ] [  ] $[  ] $[  ]

Akos Beleznay

James Alpha Advisors, LLC

[  ] $[  ] [  ] $[  ] [  ] $[  ] $[  ]

Kevin R. Greene

James Alpha Advisors, LLC

[  ] $[  ] [  ] $[  ] [  ] $[  ] $[  ]

Michael J. Montague

James Alpha Advisors, LLC

[  ] $[  ] [  ] $[  ] [  ] $[  ] $[  ]

James S. Vitalie

James Alpha Advisors, LLC

[  ] $[  ] [  ] $[  ] [  ] $[  ] $[  ]

*In addition to the accounts included herein, portfolio managers may also manage accounts in a personal capacity that may include holdings that are similar to, or the same as, those of the Portfolio.

Conflicts of Interest

When a portfolio manager has responsibility for managing more than one account, potential conflicts of interest may arise.  Those conflicts could include preferential treatment of one account over others in terms of allocation of resources or of investment opportunities. For instance, the Manager or Sub-Adviser may receive fees from certain accounts that are higher than the fee it receives from the Portfolio, or it may receive a performance-based fee on certain accounts. The descriptions of the procedures to address conflicts of interest, if any, have been provided by the Manager or Sub-Adviser for their respective portfolio managers.

 

James Alpha Advisors, LLC

An affiliate of James Alpha, James Alpha Management, LLC (“JAM”), is the general partner to privately offered funds that may charge higher fees, including an incentive fee, than the fees charged by the Portfolio.  To the extent the personnel involved in making investment decisions for James Alpha are also involved in making investment decisions for JAM (i.e., such selection has not been delegated to a sub-adviser), such personnel may therefore have an incentive to favor such private funds over the Portfolio. James Alpha has adopted policies and procedures for fair and consistent allocation of investment opportunities among all of its client accounts that takes into account each account’s investment strategy, cash availability, availability of investments and other factors.  James Alpha periodically compares holdings and performance of the various accounts that it manages to identify significant performance disparities among similar accounts that could be indicative of favorable treatment.  James Alpha educates its employees regarding the responsibilities of a fiduciary, including the equitable treatment of all clients, regardless of the fee arrangement.

James Alpha is guided by its fiduciary obligations, including its duty to act fairly and in the best interest of its clients, in making all decisions regarding the Portfolio. 

Orange Investment Advisors, LLC

As a general matter, certain conflicts of interest may arise in connection with a portfolio manager’s management of the Portfolio’s investments, on the one hand, and the investments of other accounts for which the portfolio manager is responsible, on the other. For example, it is

49 
 

possible that the various accounts managed could have different investment strategies that, at times, might conflict with one another to the possible detriment of the Portfolio. Alternatively, to the extent that the same investment opportunities might be desirable for more than one account, possible conflicts could arise in determining how to allocate them. Other potential conflicts might include conflicts created by specific portfolio manager compensation arrangements, and conflicts relating to selection of brokers or dealers to execute the Portfolio’s trades and/or specific uses of commissions from the Portfolio’s trades (for example, research, or “soft dollars”, if any). The Sub-Adviser has adopted policies and procedures and has structured the portfolio managers’ compensation in a manner reasonably designed to safeguard the Portfolio from being negatively affected as a result of any such potential conflicts.

Compensation

James Alpha Advisors, LLC

Messrs. Greene, Vitalie and Montague, as owners of James Alpha, are compensated solely through equity participation in the net income of James Alpha.  This includes participation in a discretionary profit sharing plan that benefits all employees.  Mr. Beleznay receives compensation for his services in the form of a base salary, a discretionary bonus, and a share on the net revenue generated by the products managed by Mr. Beleznay.

Orange Investment Advisors, LLC

Messrs. Menozzi and Peresechensky have ownership interests in the Sub-Adviser and will participate in business profits accordingly.

Ownership of Securities

Ownership of Securities - [ ], 20[ ]

 

Portfolio

Manager

Dollar Range of Equity Securities Beneficially Owned

Jay Menozzi

 

$[  ]

Boris Peresechensky

 

$[  ]

Akos Beleznay

 

$[  ]

Kevin R. Greene

 

$[  ]

Michael J. Montague

 

$[  ]

James S. Vitalie

 

$[  ]

CODE OF ETHICS. The Trust, Saratoga, James Alpha, the Sub-Adviser and Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”) have each adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act with respect to their personnel with access to information about the purchase or sale of securities by the Portfolio. These codes are designed to protect the interests of the

50 
 

Portfolio’s shareholders. While these codes contain provisions reasonably necessary to prevent personnel subject to the codes from engaging in unlawful conduct and require compliance review of securities transactions, they do not prohibit such personnel from investing in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Portfolio so long as such investments are made pursuant to the code’s requirements.

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES. The Board of Trustees of the Trust has delegated responsibilities for decisions regarding proxy voting for securities held by the Portfolio to James Alpha or the Portfolio’s Sub-Adviser, which will vote such proxies in accordance with their respective proxy policies and procedures. In some instances, James Alpha and the Sub-Adviser may be asked to cast a proxy vote that presents a conflict between the interests of the Portfolio’s shareholders, and those of James Alpha, the Sub-Adviser or their affiliates. In such a case, the Trust’s policy requires that James Alpha and the Sub-Adviser abstain from making a voting decision and to forward all necessary proxy voting materials to the Trust to enable the Board of Trustees to make a voting decision. When the Board of Trustees of the Trust is required to make a proxy voting decision, only the Trustees without a conflict of interest with regard to the security in question or the matter to be voted upon shall be permitted to participate in the decision of how the Portfolio’s vote will be cast. James Alpha’s and the Sub-Adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures are attached as Appendix B to this SAI.

More information. Once the Portfolio commences operations, the actual voting records relating to Portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available without charge, upon request by calling toll-free, 1-800-807-3863 or by accessing the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, a copy of the Portfolio’s proxy voting policies and procedures will also be available by calling 1-800-807-3863 and will be sent within three business days of receipt of a request.

SUPERVISION SERVICES

Saratoga services the Portfolio in a supervision capacity with responsibility to monitor the performance of the Portfolio’s outside service providers (other than sub-advisers, which are monitored by James Alpha), assist in the review of the financial statements and other regulatory filings of the Portfolio and assist in the review of materials for board meetings related to the Portfolio. Saratoga is also responsible for providing the Trust with persons satisfactory to serve as officers and employees of the Trust and for paying the salaries of such persons who are also directors, officers or employees of Saratoga.

ADMINISTRATION, FUND ACCOUNTING AND TRANSFER AGENCY SERVICES. The Trust has entered into a servicing agreement with Gemini Fund Services, LLC (“Gemini”), whereby Gemini provides administration, fund accounting and transfer agent services (the “Gemini Services”) to the Portfolio. For providing such services, the Trust and Gemini have entered into a universal fee agreement whereby Gemini receives from the Portfolio: (i) a minimum annual fee or basis points in decreasing amounts as assets reach certain breakpoints; and (ii) any related out-of-pocket expenses.

51 
 

In addition, Gemini Fund Services, LLC, acts as the Trust’s Custody Administrator. The fees paid to Gemini Fund Services, LLC as Custody Administrator are paid out of the fees paid to The Bank of New York Mellon, the Trust’s Custodian.

Administrative Services Payments. Shares of the Portfolio may be owned or held by financial intermediaries for the benefit of their customers. In those cases, the Portfolio often does not maintain an account for the shareholder. Thus, some or all of the services provided to these accounts are performed by the financial intermediaries and not the Portfolio. In these situations, the Portfolio may make payments to financial intermediaries for certain administrative services, including record keeping and sub-accounting shareholder accounts. Payments for these services typically do not exceed 0.15% of average annual assets of such share classes.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION. The Trust, on behalf of the Portfolio, has adopted a Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “Plan”) under which the Portfolio is authorized to pay up to 0.25% and 1.00% of the Portfolio’s average daily net assets annually for each of its Class A and Class C shares, respectively, all of which may be paid to Saratoga, James Alpha, the Distributor or other entities. The Distributor has informed the Trust that a portion of the fees payable each year pursuant to the Plan equal to 0.25% of such Class’s average daily net assets are currently each characterized as a “service fee” under the Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) (of which the Distributor is a member), all of which may be paid to Saratoga, the Distributor or other entities. The “service fee” is a payment made for personal service and/or the maintenance of shareholder accounts. The remaining portion of the Plan fees payable by a Class is characterized as an “asset-based sales charge” as defined in the aforementioned Rules of FINRA.

 

The Distributor or other entities, including the Manager, also receive the proceeds and contingent deferred sales charges (“CDSCs”) imposed on certain redemptions of shares, which are separate and apart from payments made pursuant to the Plan.

The Plan was adopted by a majority vote of the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not “interested persons” of the Trust (as defined in the 1940 Act) and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan (the “Independent 12b-1 Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan, on October 9, 1998 and was last approved on [ ], 20[ ].

 

Under the Plan and as required by Rule 12b-1, the Trustees receive and review promptly after the end of each calendar quarter a written report provided by the Distributor of the amounts extended by the Distributor or other entities under the Plan and the purpose for which such expenditures were made.

 

The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount to be spent for the services described therein without approval of the shareholders of the affected Class or Classes of the Trust, and all material amendments of the Plan must also be approved by the Trustees in the manner described above. The Plan may be terminated at any time, without payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust (as defined in the 1940 Act) on not more than thirty days’ written notice to any other party to the Plan. So long as the Plan is in effect, the election

52 
 

and nomination of Independent Trustees shall be committed to the discretion of the Independent Trustees. At any given time, the expenses in distributing shares of the Portfolio may be in excess of the total of (i) the payments made by the Portfolio pursuant to the Plan, and (ii) the proceeds of CDSCs paid by investors upon the redemption of shares. For example, if $1 million in expenses in distributing shares of the Portfolio had been incurred and $750,000 had been received as described in (i) and (ii) above, the excess expense would amount to $250,000. Because there is not a requirement under the Plan that the Distributor or other entities be reimbursed for all distribution expenses or any requirement that the Plan be continued from year to year, such excess amount does not constitute a liability of the Portfolio. Although there is no legal obligation for the Portfolio to pay expenses incurred in excess of payments made to the Distributor under the Plan, and the proceeds of CDSCs paid by investors upon redemption of shares, if for any reason the Plan is terminated the Trustees will consider at that time the manner in which to treat such expenses. Any cumulative expenses incurred, but not yet recovered through distribution fees or CDSCs, may or may not be recovered through future distribution fees or CDSCs. If expenses in distributing shares are less than payments made for distributing shares, the Distributor or other entities will retain the full amount of the payments.

 

POSSIBLE ADDITIONAL PORTFOLIO SERIES. If additional portfolios are created by the Board of Trustees, shares of each such portfolio will be entitled to vote as a group only to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act (see below) or as permitted by the Board of Trustees.

 

Under Rule 18f-2 of the 1940 Act (the “Rule”), any matter required to be submitted to a vote of shareholders of any investment company which has two or more series outstanding is not deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a “majority” (as defined in that Rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of trustees or the ratification of the selection of the independent registered public accounting firm. Approval of an investment management or distribution plan and a change in fundamental policies would be regarded as matters requiring separate voting by each portfolio. The Rule contains provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS. James Alpha and/or the Sub-Adviser are responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities, futures contracts and options thereon, the selection of brokers, dealers and futures commission merchants to effect the transactions and the negotiation of brokerage commissions, if any. As most, if not all, purchases made by the Portfolio are principal transactions at net prices, the Portfolio pays no brokerage commissions; however, prices of debt obligations reflect mark-ups and mark-downs which constitute compensation to the executing dealer. The Portfolio will pay brokerage commissions on transactions in listed options and equity securities. Prices of portfolio securities purchased from underwriters of new issues include a commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and prices of debt securities purchased from dealers include a spread between the bid and asked prices. James Alpha and the Sub-Adviser seek to obtain prompt execution of orders at the most favorable net price. If James Alpha or the Sub-Adviser believe the prices and executions are obtainable from more than one broker or dealer, it may give consideration to placing portfolio transactions with

53 
 

those brokers and dealers who also furnish research and other services to the Portfolio, James Alpha or the Sub-Adviser. The services may include, but are not limited to, any one or more of the following: information as to the availability of securities for purchase or sale; statistical or factual information or opinions pertaining to investment; wire services; and appraisals or evaluations of portfolio securities. The information and services received by James Alpha and the Sub-Adviser from brokers and dealers may be utilized by them and any of their asset management affiliates in the management of accounts of some of their other clients and may not in all cases benefit the Portfolio directly. Transactions may be directed to dealers during the course of an underwriting in return for their brokerage and research services, which are intangible and on which no dollar value can be placed, and in return for such services, James Alpha or the Sub-Adviser may pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if James Alpha or the Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided. There is no formula for such allocation. The research information may or may not be useful to the Portfolio and/or other accounts of James Alpha, the Sub-Adviser or their affiliates; information received in connection with directed orders of other accounts managed by James Alpha, the Sub-Adviser or their affiliates may or may not be useful to the Portfolio. Such information may be in written or oral form and includes information on particular companies and industries as well as market, economic or institutional activity areas. It serves to broaden the scope and supplement the research activities of the James Alpha or the Sub-Adviser, to make available additional views for consideration and comparison, and to enable the James Alpha and the Sub-Adviser to obtain market information for the valuation of securities held in the Portfolio’s assets. James Alpha and the Sub-Adviser are prohibited from directing brokerage transactions on the basis of the referral of clients or the sale of shares of advised investment companies.

 

James Alpha currently serves as investment manager to a number of clients, including other investment companies, and both James Alpha and the Sub-Adviser may in the future act as investment manager or adviser to others. It is the practice of James Alpha and the Sub-Adviser to cause purchase or sale transactions to be allocated among the Portfolio and others whose assets it manages in such manner as it deems equitable.

 

Subject to the above considerations, an affiliated broker may act as a securities broker or FCM for the Trust. In order for an affiliate of the Sub-Adviser, James Alpha or Saratoga to effect any Portfolio transactions for the Trust, the commissions, fees or other remuneration received by an affiliated broker must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold during a comparable period of time. This standard would allow an affiliated broker to receive no more than the remuneration which would be expected to be received by an unaffiliated broker in a commensurate arm’s-length transaction. Furthermore, the Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested” persons, have adopted procedures which are reasonably designed to provide that any commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to an affiliated broker are consistent with the foregoing standard.

 

DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

The NAV per share for each class of shares of the Portfolio is determined each day the New York Stock Exchange (the “Exchange”) is open, as of the close of the regular trading session of

54 
 

the Exchange that day (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time), by dividing the value of the Portfolio’s net assets by the number of its shares outstanding.

The Exchange’s most recent annual announcement (which is subject to change) states that it will close on New Year’s Day, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, President’s Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas Day. It may also close on other days.

Securities listed on a national securities exchange or designated national market system securities are valued at the last reported sale price on that day, or, if there has been no sale on such day or on the previous day on which the Exchange was open (if a week has not elapsed between such days), then the value of such security is taken to be the mean between the current bid and ask prices at the time as of which the value is being ascertained. Securities actively traded in the OTC market but not designated as national market system securities are valued at the last quoted bid price. Any securities or other assets for which current market quotations are not readily available are valued at their fair value as determined in good faith under procedures established by and under the general supervision and responsibility of the Trust’s Board of Trustees. The value of a foreign security is determined in its national currency and that value is then converted into its U.S. dollar equivalent at the foreign exchange rate in effect on the date of valuation.

The Trust’s Board of Trustees has approved the use of nationally recognized bond pricing services for the valuation of the Portfolio’s debt securities. The services selected create and maintain price matrices of U.S. government and other securities from which individual holdings are valued shortly after the close of business each trading day. Debt securities not covered by the pricing services are valued upon bid prices obtained from dealers who maintain an active market therein or, if no readily available market quotations are available from dealers, such securities (including restricted securities and OTC options) are valued at fair value under the Board’s procedures. Short-term (having a maturity of 60 days or less) debt securities may be valued at amortized cost.

Puts and calls are valued at the last sales price therefore, or, if there are no transactions, at the last reported sales price that is within the spread between the closing bid and asked prices on the valuation date. Futures are valued based on their daily settlement value. When the Portfolio writes a call, an amount equal to the premium received is included in the Portfolio Statement of Assets and Liabilities as an asset, and an equivalent deferred credit is included in the liability section. The deferred credit is adjusted (“marked-to-market”) to reflect the current market value of the call. If a call written by the Portfolio is exercised, the proceeds on the sale of the underlying securities are increased by the premium received. If a call or put written by the Portfolio expires on its stipulated expiration date or if the Portfolio enters into a closing transaction, it will realize a gain or loss depending on whether the premium was more or less than the transaction costs, without regard to unrealized appreciation or depreciation on the underlying securities. If a put held by the Portfolio is exercised by it, the amount the Portfolio receives on its sale of the underlying investment is reduced by the amount of the premium paid by the Portfolio.

55 
 

CERTAIN TAX CONSIDERATIONS

GENERAL. The following discussion is only a summary of certain tax considerations generally affecting the Trust, the Portfolio and its shareholders, and is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. The discussion does not purport to deal with all of the federal, state and local tax consequences applicable to an investment in the Portfolio or to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special rules. Tax issues relating to the Trust generally are not a consideration for shareholders such as tax-exempt entities and tax-advantaged retirement vehicles such as an IRA or 401(k) plan. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax situations.

 

This section is based on the Code, and applicable regulations in effect on the date of this SAI. Future legislative, regulatory or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly change the tax rules applicable to the Portfolio and its shareholders. Any of these changes or court decisions may have a retroactive effect.

 

The Portfolio generally will make two basic types of distributions: ordinary dividends and long-term capital gain distributions. These two types of distributions are reported differently on a shareholder’s income tax return and they may be subject to different rates of tax. The tax treatment of the investment activities of the Portfolio will affect the amount and timing and character of the distributions made by the Portfolio. Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax professionals regarding specific questions as to federal, state or local taxes.

 

INVESTMENT COMPANY TAXATION. The Portfolio has elected and intends to qualify, or, if newly organized, intends to elect and qualify, as a “regulated investment company” (sometimes referred to as a regulated investment company, RIC or fund) under Subchapter M of the Code. In order for the Portfolio to qualify as a regulated investment company each year, it must meet certain distribution, income and asset diversification requirements described below. As such, the Portfolio will not be subject to federal income tax on its net investment income and capital gains, if any, to the extent that it distributes such income and capital gains to its shareholders. If the Portfolio fails to qualify for any taxable year as a regulated investment company, all of its taxable income will be subject to tax at regular corporate income tax rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions generally will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Portfolio’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. Failure to qualify as a regulated investment company would thus have a negative impact on the Portfolio’s income and performance. Subject to savings provisions for certain failures to qualify for taxation as a regulated investment company which, in general, are limited to those due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, it is possible that the Portfolio will not qualify as a regulated investment company in any given tax year. Even if such savings provisions apply, the Portfolio may be subject to a monetary sanction of $50,000 or more.

 

In order to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company, the Portfolio must satisfy the following requirements:

 

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  · Distribution Requirement ¾ the Portfolio must distribute an amount at least equal to the sum of 90% of its investment company taxable income and 90% of its net tax- exempt income, if any, for the tax year (including, for purposes of satisfying this distribution requirement, certain distributions made by the Portfolio after the close of its taxable year that are treated as made during such taxable year).
  · Income Requirement ¾ ¾ the Portfolio must derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived from its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from qualified publicly traded partnerships (“QPTPs”).
  ·

Asset Diversification Test ¾ the Portfolio must satisfy the following asset diversification test at the close of each quarter of the Portfolio’s tax year: (1) at least 50% of the value of the Portfolio’s assets must consist of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and securities of other issuers (as to which the Portfolio has not invested more than 5% of the value of the Portfolio’s total assets in securities of an issuer and as to which the Portfolio does not hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer); and (2) no more than 25% of the value of the Portfolio’s total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies) or of two or more issuers which the Portfolio controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or, in the securities of one or more QPTPs.

 

The Portfolio generally intends to distribute sufficient income and gains so that the Portfolio will not pay corporate income tax on its earnings. The Portfolio also generally intends to distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year a sufficient amount of ordinary income and capital gains to avoid the imposition of a 4% excise tax. If the Portfolio retains all or part of any net long-term capital gains in any year for reinvestment, the Portfolio will pay federal income tax (and possibly excise tax) on such retained gains (except to the extent of any available capital loss carry forward) at the highest corporate tax rate.

 

Gains or losses on sales of securities by the Portfolio will be long-term capital gains or losses if the securities have a tax holding period of more than one year. Gains or losses on the sale of securities with a tax holding period of one year or less will be short-term capital gains or losses.

 

The Portfolio may elect to treat part or all of any "qualified late year loss" as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Portfolio’s taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in characterizing Portfolio distributions for any calendar year (see, “Taxation of Dividends and Distributions” below). A "qualified late year loss" includes:

 

  (i) any net capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year, or, if there is no such loss, any net long-term capital loss or net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year, and

 

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  (ii) the sum of (1) the excess, if any, of specified losses incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year, over specified gains incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year, and (2) the excess, if any, of other ordinary losses incurred after December 31 of the current taxable year, over, other ordinary income incurred after December 31 of the current taxable year.

The terms “specified losses” and “specified gains” mean ordinary losses and gains from the sale, exchange, or other disposition of property (including the termination of a position with respect to such property), foreign currency losses and gains, and losses and gains resulting from holding stock in a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for which a mark-to-market election is in effect. The terms “ordinary losses” and “ordinary income” mean other ordinary losses and income that are not described in the preceding sentence.

 

If the Portfolio is a fund of funds, distributions by the underlying funds, redemptions of shares in the underlying funds and changes in asset allocations may result in taxable distributions to shareholders of ordinary income or capital gains. A fund of funds generally will not be able to currently offset gains realized by one underlying fund in which the fund of funds invests against losses realized by another underlying fund. If shares of an underlying fund are purchased within 30 days before or after redeeming at a loss other shares of that underlying fund (whether pursuant to a rebalancing of the Portfolio’s portfolio or otherwise), all or a part of the loss will not be deductible by the Portfolio and instead will increase its basis for the newly purchased shares. Also, except with respect to qualified fund of funds discussed below, a fund of funds (a) is not eligible to pass-through to shareholders foreign tax credits from an underlying fund that pays foreign income taxes and (b) dividends paid by a fund of funds from interest earned by an underlying fund on U.S. government obligations is unlikely to be exempt from state and local income tax. However, a fund of funds is eligible to pass-through to shareholders qualified dividends earned by an underlying fund for purposes of the reduced rate of taxation on qualified dividend income and the dividends received deduction (see, “Taxation of Dividends and Distributions” below). A qualified fund of funds, i.e. a portfolio at least 50 percent of the value of the total assets of which (at the close of each quarter of the taxable year) is represented by interests in other RICs, is eligible to pass-through to shareholders foreign tax credits.

 

Investment income received by the Portfolio from sources within foreign countries may be subject to foreign income tax withheld at the source and the amount of tax withheld will generally be treated as an expense of the Portfolio. The United States has entered into tax treaties with many foreign countries which entitle the Portfolio to a reduced rate of, or exemption from, tax on such income. Some countries require the filing of a tax reclaim or other forms to receive the benefit of the reduced tax rate; whether or when the Portfolio will receive the tax reclaim is within the control of the individual country. Information required on these forms may not be available such as shareholder information; therefore, the Portfolio may not receive the reduced treaty rates or potential reclaims. Other countries have conflicting and changing instructions and restrictive timing requirements which may cause the Portfolio not to receive the reduced treaty rates or potential reclaims. Other countries may subject capital gains realized by the Portfolio on sale or disposition of securities of that country to taxation. It is impossible to determine the effective rate of foreign tax in advance since the amount of the Portfolio’s assets to be invested in various countries is not known. If more than 50% of the Portfolio’s assets are invested in foreign securities at the end of any fiscal year (and if the Portfolio is a qualified fund of funds, as

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discussed above), the Portfolio may elect to permit shareholders to take a credit or deduction on their federal income tax return for foreign taxes paid by the Portfolio (subject to various limitations). In such a case, the shareholders would need to include the amount of such foreign taxes as additional income and the shareholders would generally be able to take a credit or deduction for such foreign taxes.

 

TAXATION OF DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS. Shareholders normally will have to pay federal income taxes, and any state and/or local income taxes, on the dividends and other distributions they receive from any Portfolio in the Trust. Depending on your state’s rules, however, dividends attributable to interest earned on direct obligations of the U.S. government may be exempt from state and local taxes. Any dividends and distributions, to the extent that they are derived from net investment income or short-term capital gains, are taxable to the shareholder as ordinary income regardless of whether the shareholder receives such payments in additional shares or in cash. Certain ordinary income dividends received by an individual shareholder and reported by the Portfolio as derived from qualified dividend income may be taxed at the same rates as long-term capital gains if certain holding period and other requirements are satisfied. However, even if income received in the form of ordinary income dividends is taxed at the same rates as long-term capital gains, such income will not be considered long-term capital gains for other federal income tax purposes. For example, you generally will not be permitted to offset ordinary income dividends with capital losses when calculating your net capital gains or losses. Short-term capital gain distributions will continue to be taxed at ordinary income rates.

 

Any net long-term capital gains (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) realized by the Portfolio will be distributed annually as described in the Prospectus. Such distributions (“capital gain dividends”) will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares of the Portfolio and regardless of whether the distribution is received in additional shares or in cash. Such distributions will be reported by the Portfolio to shareholders as paid from capital gain dividends in a written statement mailed by the Portfolio to shareholders. If a shareholder receives a capital gain dividend with respect to any share and if the share has been held by the shareholder for six months or less, then any loss on the sale or exchange of such share will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the capital gain dividend. Net short-term capital gains (the excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) will be distributed annually as ordinary income. The maximum individual rate applicable to long-term capital gains is generally either 15% or 20%, depending on whether the individual’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts.

 

Distributions by the Portfolio that are not paid from earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of (and in reduction of) the shareholder's tax basis in his shares; any excess will be treated as gain from the sale of his shares. Return of capital distributions can occur for a number of reasons including, among others, the Portfolio over-estimates the income to be received from certain investments.

 

For investors that hold their Portfolio shares in a taxable account, a high portfolio turnover rate may result in higher taxes. This is because the Portfolio with a high turnover rate is likely to

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accelerate the recognition of capital gains and more of such gains are likely to be taxable as short-term rather than long-term capital gains in contrast to a comparable Portfolio with a low turnover rate. Any such higher taxes would reduce the Portfolio’s after-tax performance.

 

The capital losses of the Portfolio, if any, do not flow through to shareholders. Rather, the Portfolio may use its capital losses, subject to applicable limitations, to offset its capital gains without being required to pay taxes on or distribute to shareholders such gains that are offset by the losses. Rules similar to those that apply to capital loss carryovers of individuals apply to RICs. Thus, if the Portfolio has a "net capital loss" (that is, capital losses in excess of capital gains), the excess (if any) of the Portfolio's net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gains is treated as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Portfolio's next taxable year, and the excess (if any) of the Portfolio's net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gains is treated as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Portfolio's next taxable year. Any such net capital losses of the Portfolio that are not used to offset capital gains may be carried forward indefinitely to reduce any future capital gains realized by the Portfolio in succeeding taxable years. However, for any net capital losses realized in taxable years of a portfolio beginning on or before December 22, 2010, the portfolio is only permitted to carry forward such capital losses for eight years as a short-term capital loss. Under a transition rule, capital losses arising in a taxable year beginning after December 22, 2010 must be used before capital losses realized in a prior taxable year.

 

The amount of capital losses that can be carried forward and used in any single year is subject to an annual limitation if there is a more than 50% “change in ownership” of a portfolio. An ownership change generally results when shareholders owning 5% or more of a portfolio increase their aggregate holdings by more than 50% over a three-year look-back period. An ownership change could result in capital loss carryovers being used at a slower rate (or, in the case of those realized in taxable years of a portfolio beginning on or before December 22, 2010, to expire unutilized) thereby reducing a portfolio’s ability to offset capital gains with those losses. An increase in the amount of taxable gains distributed to a portfolio’s shareholders could result from an ownership change. The Portfolio undertakes no obligation to avoid or prevent an ownership change, which can occur in the normal course of shareholder purchases and redemptions or as a result of engaging in a tax-free reorganization with another fund. Moreover, because of circumstances beyond the Portfolio’s control, there can be no assurance that the Portfolio will not experience, or has not already experienced, an ownership change. Additionally, if the Portfolio engages in a tax-free reorganization with another portfolio, the effect of these and other rules not discussed herein may be to disallow or postpone the use by the Portfolio of its capital loss carryovers (including any current year losses and built-in losses when realized) to offset its own gains or those of the other Portfolio, or vice versa, thereby reducing the tax benefits Portfolio shareholders would otherwise have enjoyed from use of such capital loss carryovers.

 

Shareholders generally are taxed on any ordinary dividend or capital gain distributions from a portfolio in the year they are actually distributed. However, if any such dividends or distributions are declared in October, November or December and paid to shareholders of record of such month in January then such amounts will be treated for tax purposes as received by the shareholders on December 31.

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Subject to certain exceptions and holding period and debt financing requirements, a domestic corporate shareholder may be eligible for a dividends received deduction to the extent that the Portfolio earns and distributes qualifying dividends from its investments. Distributions of net capital gains by the Portfolio will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction.

 

Under recent tax legislation, individuals and certain other noncorporate entities are generally eligible for a 20% deduction with respect to certain taxable income from MLPs as well as taxable ordinary dividends from REITs. The Portfolio will not be eligible for the 20% deduction and will not pass through the 20% deduction to Portfolio shareholders. As a result, in comparison, investors investing directly in MLPs or REITs generally would be eligible for the 20% deduction for such taxable income from these investments while investors investing in MLPs or REITs held indirectly if any through the Portfolio would not be eligible for the 20% deduction for their share of such taxable income.

 

Shareholders who are not citizens or residents of the United States and certain foreign entities may be subject to withholding of U.S. tax on distributions made by the Portfolio and may also be subject to U.S. estate tax. An exemption from U.S. withholding tax is provided for capital gain dividends paid by the Portfolio from long-term capital gains, if any. The exemptions from U.S. withholding for interest-related dividends” paid by the Portfolio from its qualified net interest income from U.S. sources and short-term capital gain dividends have been made permanent. However, the Portfolio expects to withhold taxes on such distributions regardless of the fact that they may not be required to do so. Notwithstanding such exemptions from U.S. withholding at the source, any such dividends and distributions of income and capital gains will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 24% if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person. Shareholders who are not U.S. persons should consult their tax advisors regarding U.S. and foreign tax consequences of ownership of shares of the Portfolio, including the risks and special tax consequences to them from a sale of a U.S. real property interest by a REIT in which the Portfolio may invest.

After the end of each calendar year, shareholders will be sent information on their dividends and capital gain distributions for tax purposes, including the portion taxable as ordinary income, the portion taxable as long-term capital gains and the amount of any dividends eligible for the federal dividends received deduction for corporations.

 

PURCHASES, REDEMPTIONS AND EXCHANGES. Any dividend or capital gains distribution received by a shareholder from any regulated investment company will have the effect of reducing the NAV of the shareholder’s stock in that company by the exact amount of the dividend or capital gains distribution. Furthermore, such dividends and capital gains distributions are subject to federal income taxes. If the NAV of the shares should be reduced below a shareholder’s cost as a result of the payment of dividends or the distribution of realized long-term capital gains, such payment or distribution would represent economically in part a return of the shareholder’s investment but nonetheless would be taxable to the shareholder. Therefore, an investor should consider the tax implications of purchasing Portfolio shares immediately prior to a distribution record date. In general, a sale of shares results in capital gain or loss and, for individual shareholders, is taxable at a federal rate dependent upon the length of time the shares were held. A redemption of a shareholder’s Portfolio shares normally is treated as

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a sale for tax purposes. Portfolio shares held for a period of one year or less will, for tax purposes, generally result in short-term gains or losses and those held for more than one year generally result in long-term gain or loss. The maximum individual rate applicable to long-term capital gains is generally either 15% or 20%, depending on whether the individual’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Any loss realized by shareholders upon a redemption of shares within six months of the date of their purchase will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions of net long-term capital gains with respect to such shares during the six-month period.

 

Gain or loss on the sale or redemption of shares in the Portfolio is measured by the difference between the amount of consideration received (or the fair market value of any property received) and the tax basis of the shares. Shareholders should keep records of investments made (including shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends and distributions) so they can compute the tax basis of their shares. Under certain circumstances, a shareholder may compute and use an average cost basis in determining the gain or loss on the sale or redemption of shares. Under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, the Portfolio or its transfer agent will be required to provide you with cost basis information on the sale of any of your shares in the Portfolio, subject to certain exceptions. This cost basis reporting requirement is effective for shares purchased in the Portfolio on or after January 1, 2012. In the absence of an election, the Portfolio will use a default cost basis method which is the average cost method. The Portfolio is required to report to you and the IRS annually on Form 1099-B the cost basis of shares purchased in the Portfolio on or after January 1, 2012 where the cost basis of the shares is known by the Portfolio (referred to as “covered shares”) and that are disposed of after that date. However, cost basis reporting is not required for certain shareholders, including shareholders investing in the Portfolio through a tax-advantaged retirement account, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. The IRS permits the use of several methods to determine the cost basis of mutual fund shares. The method used will determine which specific shares are deemed to be sold when there are multiple purchases on different dates at differing share prices, and the entire position is not sold at one time. The Portfolio does not recommend any particular method of determining cost basis, and the use of other methods may result in more favorable tax consequences for some shareholders. It is important that you consult with your tax advisor to determine which method is best for you and then notify the Portfolio if you intend to utilize a method other than the Portfolio’s default method of average cost. If you do not notify the Portfolio of your elected cost basis method upon the initial purchase into your account, the Portfolio’s default method of average cost will be applied to your covered shares. The Portfolio will compute and report the cost basis of your shares sold or exchanged by taking into account all of the applicable adjustments to cost basis and holding periods as required by the Code and Treasury regulations for purposes of reporting these amounts to you and the IRS. However, the Portfolio is not required to, and in many cases does not possess the information to, take all possible basis, holding period or other adjustments into account in reporting cost basis information to you. Therefore, shareholders should carefully review the cost basis information provided by the Portfolio. If you hold your Portfolio shares through a broker (or other nominee), please contact that broker (nominee) with respect to reporting of cost basis and available elections for your account.

 

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Exchanges of the Portfolio’s shares for shares of another fund, including shares of other portfolios in the Trust, are subject to similar tax treatment. Such an exchange is treated for tax purposes as a sale of the original shares in the first fund, followed by the purchase of shares in the second fund.

 

If a shareholder realizes a loss on the redemption or exchange of the Portfolio’s shares and receives securities that are considered substantially identical to that Portfolio’s shares or reinvests in that Portfolio’s shares within 30 days before or after the redemption or exchange, the transactions may be subject to the “wash sale” rules, resulting in a postponement of the recognition of such loss for tax purposes. The ability to deduct losses is subject to further limitations under the Code.

 

Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to the Portfolio’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the Internal Revenue Service a disclosure statement on Form 8886.

 

Shareholders who are not U.S. persons should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. and foreign tax consequences of selling shares of the Portfolio, including the risks and special tax consequences to them from a sale of shares of the Portfolio that is a “U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation” (generally, a portfolio 50% or more of the fair market value of whose assets consists of “United States Real Property Interests”, including stock of certain REITs).

 

Medicare Tax. An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Portfolio and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Portfolio shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceed certain threshold amounts.

 

Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”). The Portfolio will be required to withhold U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) on payments of taxable dividends and (beginning January 1, 2019) redemption proceeds and certain capital gain dividends paid by the Portfolio to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive new reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to the Portfolio to enable the Portfolio to determine whether withholding is required.

 

TAX TREATMENT OF PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS. Set forth below is a general description of the tax treatment of certain types of securities, investment techniques and transactions that may apply to the Portfolio and, in turn, effect the amount, character and timing of dividends and distributions payable by the Portfolio to its shareholders. This section should be read in conjunction with the discussion above under “INVESTMENT OF THE TRUST’S ASSETS AND RELATED RISKS” for a detailed description of the various types of securities and investment techniques that apply to the Portfolio.

 

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In general. In general, gain or loss recognized by the Portfolio on the sale or other disposition of portfolio investments will be a capital gain or loss. Such capital gain and loss may be long-term or short-term depending, in general, upon the length of time a particular investment position is maintained and, in some cases, upon the nature of the transaction. Property held for more than one year generally will be eligible for long-term capital gain or loss treatment. The application of certain rules described below may serve to alter the manner in which the holding period for a security is determined or may otherwise affect the characterization as long-term or short-term, and also the timing of the realization and/or character, of certain gains or losses.

 

Certain fixed-income investments. Gain recognized on the disposition of a debt obligation purchased by the Portfolio at a market discount (generally, at a price less than its principal amount) will be treated as ordinary income to the extent of the portion of the market discount which accrued during the period of time the Portfolio held the debt obligation unless the Portfolio made a current inclusion election to accrue market discount into income as it accrues. If the Portfolio purchases a debt obligation (such as a zero coupon security or pay-in-kind security) that was originally issued at a discount, the Portfolio is generally required to include in gross income each year the portion of the original issue discount which accrues during such year. Therefore, the Portfolio’s investment in such securities may cause the Portfolio to recognize income and make distributions to shareholders before it receives any cash payments on the securities. To generate cash to satisfy those distribution requirements, the Portfolio may have to sell portfolio securities that it otherwise might have continued to hold or to use cash flows from other sources such as the sale of Portfolio shares.

 

Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present tax issues for the Portfolio. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether and to what extent the Portfolio should recognize market discount on a debt obligation, when the Portfolio may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent the Portfolio may take deductions for bad debts or worthless securities and how the Portfolio should allocate payments received on obligations in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the Portfolio in order to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a regulated investment company.

 

Options, futures, forward contracts, swap agreements and hedging transactions. In general, option premiums received by the Portfolio are not immediately included in the income of the Portfolio. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the Portfolio transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). If an option written by the Portfolio is exercised and the Portfolio sells or delivers the underlying stock, the Portfolio generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Portfolio minus (b) the Portfolio’s basis in the stock. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. If securities are purchased by the Portfolio pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Portfolio generally will subtract the premium received from its cost basis in the securities purchased. The gain or loss with respect to any termination of the Portfolio’s obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option and related sale or delivery of the underlying stock generally will be short-term gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the Portfolio is

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greater or less than the amount paid by the Portfolio (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by the Portfolio expires unexercised, the Portfolio generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.

 

The tax treatment of certain futures contracts entered into by the Portfolio as well as listed non-equity options written or purchased by the Portfolio on U.S. exchanges (including options on futures contracts, broad-based equity indices and debt securities) may be governed by section 1256 of the Code (“section 1256 contracts”). Gains or losses on section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (“60/40”), although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, any section 1256 contracts held by the Portfolio at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are “marked to market” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable. Section 1256 contracts do not include any interest rate swap, currency swap, basis swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor, commodity swap, equity swap, equity index swap, credit default swap, or similar agreement.

 

In addition to the special rules described above in respect of options and futures transactions, the Portfolio’s transactions in other derivative instruments (including options, forward contracts and swap agreements) as well as its other hedging, short sale, or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules (including the constructive sale, notional principal contract, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Portfolio are treated as ordinary or capital or as short-term or long-term, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the Portfolio, defer losses to the Portfolio, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Portfolio’s securities. These rules, therefore, could affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders. Moreover, because the tax rules applicable to derivative financial instruments are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether the Portfolio has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid a fund-level tax.

 

Certain of the Portfolio’s investments in derivatives and foreign currency-denominated instruments, and the Portfolio’s transactions in foreign currencies and hedging activities, may produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If the Portfolio’s book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the Portfolio could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company. If the Portfolio’s book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the distribution of any such excess will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Portfolio’s remaining earnings and profits (including current earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income, reduced, for taxable years of a portfolio beginning after December 22, 2010, by related deductions ), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient’s basis in the shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset.

 

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Foreign currency transactions. The Portfolio’s transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned. This treatment could increase or decrease the Portfolio's ordinary income distributions to you, and may cause some or all of the Portfolio's previously distributed income to be classified as a return of capital. In certain cases, the Portfolio may make an election to treat such gain or loss as capital.

 

PFIC investments. The Portfolio may invest in stocks of foreign companies that may be classified under the Code as PFICs. In general, a foreign company is classified as a PFIC if at least one-half of its assets constitute investment-type assets or 75% or more of its gross income is investment-type income. When investing in PFIC securities, the Portfolio intends to mark-to-market these securities under certain provisions of the Code and recognize any unrealized gains as ordinary income at the end of the Portfolio’s fiscal and excise tax years. Deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent of any current or previously recognized gains. These gains (reduced by allowable losses) are treated as ordinary income that the Portfolio is required to distribute, even though it has not sold or received dividends from these securities. You should also be aware that the designation of a foreign security as a PFIC security will cause its income dividends to fall outside of the definition of qualified foreign corporation dividends. These dividends generally will not qualify for the reduced rate of taxation on qualified dividends when distributed to you by the Portfolio. In addition, if the Portfolio is unable to identify an investment as a PFIC and thus does not make a mark-to-market election, the Portfolio may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Portfolio to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Portfolio in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.

 

Investments in non-U.S. REITs. While non-U.S. REITs often use complex acquisition structures that seek to minimize taxation in the source country, an investment by the Portfolio in a non-U.S. REIT may subject the Portfolio, directly or indirectly, to corporate taxes, withholding taxes, transfer taxes and other indirect taxes in the country in which the real estate acquired by the non-U.S. REIT is located. The Portfolio’s pro rata share of any such taxes will reduce the Portfolio’s return on its investment. The Portfolio’s investment in a non-U.S. REIT may be considered an investment in a PFIC, as discussed above in “Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions — PFIC investments.” Additionally, foreign withholding taxes on distributions from the non-U.S. REIT may be reduced or eliminated under certain tax treaties, as discussed above in “Investment Company Taxation.” Also, the Portfolio in certain limited circumstances may be required to file an income tax return in the source country and pay tax on any gain realized from its investment in the non-U.S. REIT under rules similar to those in the United States which tax foreign persons on gain realized from dispositions of interests in U.S. real estate.

 

Investments in U.S. REITs. A U.S. REIT is not subject to federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to shareholders. Dividends paid by a U.S. REIT, other than capital gain distributions, will be taxable as ordinary income up to the amount of the U.S. REIT’s

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current and accumulated earnings and profits. Capital gain dividends paid by a U.S. REIT to the Portfolio will be treated as long term capital gains by the Portfolio and, in turn, may be distributed by the Portfolio to its shareholders as a capital gain distribution. Because of certain noncash expenses, such as property depreciation, an equity U.S. REIT’s cash flow may exceed its taxable income. The equity U.S. REIT, and in turn the Portfolio, may distribute this excess cash to shareholders in the form of a return of capital distribution. However, if a U.S. REIT is operated in a manner that fails to qualify as a REIT, an investment in the U.S. REIT would become subject to double taxation, meaning the taxable income of the U.S. REIT would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for dividends paid to shareholders and the dividends would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income (or possibly as qualified dividend income) to the extent of the U.S. REIT’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. Also, see “Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions — Investment in taxable mortgage pools (excess inclusion income)” with respect to certain other tax aspects of investing in U.S. REITs.

 

Investment in taxable mortgage pools (excess inclusion income). Under a Notice issued by the IRS, the Code and Treasury regulations to be issued, a portion of the Portfolio’s income from a U.S. REIT that is attributable to the REIT’s residual interest in a REMIC or equity interests in a “taxable mortgage pool” (referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion) will be subject to federal income tax in all events. The excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as the Portfolio, will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related REMIC residual interest or, if applicable, taxable mortgage pool directly. In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income to entities (including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, 401(k) plans, Keogh plans or other tax-exempt entities) subject to tax on unrelated business income (“UBTI”), thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign stockholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. In addition, if at any time during any taxable year a “disqualified organization” (which generally includes certain cooperatives, governmental entities, and tax-exempt organizations not subject to UBTI) is a record holder of a share in a regulated investment company, then the regulated investment company will be subject to a tax equal to that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to the disqualified organization, multiplied by the highest federal income tax rate imposed on corporations. The Notice imposes certain reporting requirements upon regulated investment companies that have excess inclusion income. There can be no assurance that the Portfolio will not allocate to shareholders excess inclusion income.

 

These rules are potentially applicable to the Portfolio with respect to any income it receives from the equity interests of certain mortgage pooling vehicles, either directly or, as is more likely, through an investment in a U.S. REIT. It is unlikely that these rules will apply to a portfolio that has a non-REIT strategy.

 

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Investments in partnerships and QPTPs. For purposes of the Income Requirement, income derived by the Portfolio from a partnership that is not a QPTP will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership that would be qualifying income if realized directly by the Portfolio. While the rules are not entirely clear with respect to the Portfolio investing in a partnership outside a master feeder structure, for purposes of testing whether the Portfolio satisfies the Asset Diversification Test, the Portfolio is generally treated as owning a pro rata share of the underlying assets of a partnership. In contrast, different rules apply to a partnership that is a QPTP. A QPTP is a partnership (a) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market, (b) that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, and (c) that derives less than 90% of its income from sources that satisfy the Income Requirement (i.e., because it invests in commodities or is an MLP). All of the net income derived by the Portfolio from an interest in a QPTP will be treated as qualifying income but the Portfolio may not invest more than 25% of its total assets in one or more QPTPs. However, there can be no assurance that a partnership classified as a QPTP in one year will qualify as a QPTP in the next year. Any such failure to annually qualify as a QPTP might, in turn, cause the Portfolio to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company. Although, in general, the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to the Portfolio with respect to items attributable to an interest in a QPTP. Portfolio investments in partnerships, including in QPTPs, may result in the Portfolio being subject to state, local or foreign income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.

 

Securities lending. While securities are loaned out by the Portfolio, the Portfolio will generally receive from the borrower amounts equal to any dividends or interest paid on the borrowed securities. For federal income tax purposes, payments made “in lieu of” dividends are not considered dividend income. These distributions will neither qualify for the reduced rate of taxation for individuals on qualified dividends nor the dividends received deduction for corporations. Also, any foreign tax withheld on payments made “in lieu of” dividends or interest will not qualify for the pass-through of foreign tax credits to shareholders. Additionally, in the case of a portfolio with a strategy of investing in tax-exempt securities, any payments made "in lieu of" tax-exempt interest will be considered taxable income to the Portfolio, and thus, to the investors, even though such interest may be tax-exempt when paid to the borrower.

 

Investments in convertible securities. Convertible debt is ordinarily treated as a “single property” consisting of a pure debt interest until conversion, after which the investment becomes an equity interest. If the security is issued at a premium (i.e., for cash in excess of the face amount payable on retirement), the creditor-holder may amortize the premium over the life of the bond. If the security is issued for cash at a price below its face amount, the creditor-holder must accrue original issue discount in income over the life of the debt. The creditor-holder's exercise of the conversion privilege is treated as a nontaxable event. Mandatorily convertible debt (e.g., an exchange traded note or ETN issued in the form of an unsecured obligation that pays a return based on the performance of a specified market index, exchange currency, or commodity) is often, but not always, treated as a contract to buy or sell the reference property rather than debt. Similarly, convertible preferred stock with a mandatory conversion feature is ordinarily, but not always, treated as equity rather than debt. Dividends received generally are qualified dividend income and eligible for the corporate dividends received deduction. In general, conversion of preferred stock for common stock of the same corporation is tax-free. Conversion of preferred

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stock for cash is a taxable redemption. Any redemption premium for preferred stock that is redeemable by the issuing company might be required to be amortized under original issue discount principles. A change in the conversion ratio or conversion price of a convertible security on account of a dividend paid to the issuer’s other shareholders may result in a deemed distribution of stock to the holders of the convertible security equal to the value of their increased interest in the equity of the issuer. Thus, an increase in the conversion ratio of a convertible security can be treated as a taxable distribution of stock to a holder of the convertible security (without a corresponding receipt of cash by the holder) before the holder has converted the security.

 

Investments in securities of uncertain tax character. The Portfolio may invest in securities the U.S. federal income tax treatment of which may not be clear or may be subject to recharacterization by the IRS. To the extent the tax treatment of such securities or the income from such securities differs from the tax treatment expected by the Portfolio, it could affect the timing or character of income recognized by the Portfolio, requiring the Portfolio to purchase or sell securities, or otherwise change its portfolio, in order to comply with the tax rules applicable to regulated investment companies under the Code.

 

BACKUP WITHHOLDING. A shareholder may be subject to backup withholding (currently, at a rate of 24%) with respect to (a) taxable dividends and distributions and (b) the proceeds of any redemptions of shares of the Portfolio if he or she fails to furnish a correct taxpayer identification number, certify that he or she has provided a correct taxpayer identification number, certify that he or she is not subject to backup withholding, and certify that he or she is a U.S. person. An individual’s taxpayer identification number is his or her social security number. The Portfolio also must withhold if the IRS instructs it to do so. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and will be credited against a taxpayer’s regular federal income tax liability.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

ARRANGEMENTS PERMITTING FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTION OF TRUST SHARES.

 

Currently, the Trust has not entered into any arrangements to permit frequent purchases and redemptions of Trust shares.

 

The Manager and/or the Distributor may pay additional compensation (out of their own resources and not as an expense of the Portfolio) to selected affiliated or unaffiliated brokers or other service providers in connection with the sale, distribution, retention and/or servicing of the Portfolio’s shares. Such fees are in addition to any distribution fees, service fees and/or transfer agency fees that may be payable by the Portfolio. The Manager and/or the Distributor have entered into agreements with brokers and/or service providers for the provision of such services pursuant to which the Manager and/or the Distributor pays to the broker and/or service provider a fee that typically does not exceed 0.50% of the value of all sales of Trust shares in which the broker and/or service provider or its affiliates is record owner or broker-dealer of record.

 

The prospect of receiving, or the receipt of, additional compensation, as described above, by intermediaries, financial advisors and other sales persons may provide them with an incentive to

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favor sales of shares of the Portfolio over other investment options with respect to which an intermediary does not receive additional compensation (or receives lower levels of additional compensation). These payment arrangements, however, will not change the price that an investor pays for shares of the Portfolio. Investors may wish to take such payment arrangements into account when considering and evaluating any recommendations relating to Portfolio shares.

 

You should review carefully any disclosure by such brokers, dealers or other intermediaries as to their compensation.

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST. It is not contemplated that regular annual meetings of shareholders will be held. Shareholders of the Portfolio, together with shareholders of each other portfolio in the Trust (together, “Trust Shareholders’) have the right, upon the declaration in writing or vote by two-thirds of the outstanding shares of each portfolio, to remove a Trustee. The Trustees will call a meeting of shareholders to vote on the removal of a Trustee upon the written request of the record holders (for at least six months) of 10% of its outstanding shares. In addition, 10 shareholders holding the lesser of $25,000 or 1% of the Trust’s outstanding shares may advise the Trustees in writing that they wish to communicate with Trust Shareholders for the purpose of requesting a meeting to remove a Trustee. The Trustees will then either give the applicants access to the Trust’s shareholder list or mail the applicant’s communication to all other shareholders at the applicant’s expense.

 

When issued, shares of each class are fully paid and have no preemptive, conversion or other subscription rights. Each class of shares represents identical interests in the applicable Portfolio’s investment portfolio. As such, they have the same rights, privileges and preferences, except with respect to: (a) the designation of each class, (b) the effect of the respective sales charges, if any, for each class, (c) the distribution fees borne by each class, (d) the expenses allocable exclusively to each class, (e) voting rights on matters exclusively affecting a single class and (f) the exchange privilege of each class. Upon liquidation of the Trust or the Portfolio, shareholders of each class of shares of the Portfolio are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets of that class available for distribution to shareholders after all debts and expenses have been paid. The shares do not have cumulative voting rights.

 

The assets received by the Trust on the sale of shares of the Portfolio and all income, earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, subject only to the rights of creditors, are allocated to the Portfolio, and constitute the assets of the Portfolio. The assets of the Portfolio are required to be segregated on the Trust’s books of account. Expenses not otherwise identified with a particular portfolio will be allocated fairly among two or more portfolios of the Trust by the Board of Trustees. The Trust’s Board of Trustees has agreed to monitor the portfolio transactions and management of each of the portfolios and to consider and resolve any conflict that may arise.

 

The Agreement and Declaration of Trust contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for the Portfolio’s obligations, and provides that the Portfolio shall indemnify any shareholder who is held personally liable for the obligations of the Portfolio. It also provides that the Portfolio shall assume, upon request, the defense of any claim made against any shareholder for any act or obligation of that Portfolio and shall satisfy any judgment thereon.

 

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INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM. Tait, Weller & Baker LLP has served as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Portfolio. Tait, Weller & Baker LLP’s services include auditing the annual financial statements and financial highlights of the Portfolio as well as other related services.

 

TRUST COUNSEL. Dechert LLP, located at 1095 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10036-6797, acts as the Trust’s legal counsel.

 

CUSTODIAN. The Bank of New York Mellon, located at 225 Liberty Street, New York, New York 10286, is the custodian of the assets of the Trust.

 

CUSTODY ADMINISTRATOR. Gemini Fund Services, LLC, located at 80 Arkay Drive, Suite 110, Hauppauge, New York 11788, serves as the Trust’s Administrator and Custody Administrator.

 

DISTRIBUTOR. The Distributor’s principal address is 17605 Wright Street, Omaha, NE 68130.

 

TRANSFER AGENT AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICING AGENT. Gemini Fund Services, LLC, located at 17605 Wright Street, Suite 2, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, serves as the Trust’s transfer agent and shareholder servicing agent.

 

DISTRIBUTION OPTIONS. Shareholders may change their distribution options by giving the Transfer Agent three days prior notice in writing.

 

TAX INFORMATION. The federal tax treatment of the Portfolio’s dividends and distributions is explained in the Prospectus under the heading “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes.” The Portfolio will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax to the extent that it fails to distribute by the end of any calendar year substantially all its ordinary income for that year and capital gains for the one year period ending on October 31 of that year.

 

REDEMPTION IN KIND. If the Board of Trustees determines that it would be detrimental to the best interests of the Portfolio’s shareholders to make a redemption payment wholly in cash, the Portfolio may pay, in accordance with rules adopted by the SEC, any portion of a redemption in excess of the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the Portfolio’s net assets by a distribution in kind of readily marketable portfolio securities in lieu of cash. Redemptions failing to meet this threshold must be made in cash. Shareholders receiving distributions in kind of portfolio securities may incur brokerage commissions when subsequently disposing of those securities.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

As of the date of this SAI, the Portfolio was new and financial statements were not yet available for the Portfolio.

 

 

 

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APPENDIX A-- RATINGS

 

DESCRIPTION OF MOODY’S CORPORATE BOND RATINGS

 

     Aaa. Bonds rated Aaa are judged to be the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edge.” Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of these issues.

 

     Aa. Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.

 

     A. Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.

 

     Baa. Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.

 

     Ba. Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future payments cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and principal may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.

 

     B. Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.

 

     Moody’s applies the numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through B. The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.

 

DESCRIPTION OF MOODY’S MUNICIPAL BOND RATINGS

 

     Aaa. Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality and carry the smallest degree of investment risk. Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change,

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such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.

 

Aa. Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. They are rated lower than the Aaa bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities, or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude, or there may be other elements present which made the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.

 

     A. Bonds which are rated A are judged to be upper medium grade obligations. Security for principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.

 

     Baa. Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations, i.e.; they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.

 

     Ba. Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and their future cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate, and therefore not well safeguarded during both good and bad times. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.

 

     B. Bonds which are rated B generally lack the characteristics of a desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of other terms of the contract over long periods may be small.

 

     Caa. Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be elements of danger present with respect to principal or interest.

 

DESCRIPTION OF S&P CORPORATE BOND RATINGS

 

     AAA. Bonds rated AAA have the highest rating assigned by S&P to a debt obligation. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.

 

     AA. Bonds rated AA have a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differ from the highest rated issues only in a small degree.

 

     A. Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than bonds in higher rated categories.

 

     BBB. Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for bonds in this category than for bonds in higher rated categories.

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     BB and B. Bonds rated BB and B are regarded, on balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB represents a lower degree of speculation than B. While such bonds will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.

 

DESCRIPTION OF S&P’S MUNICIPAL BOND RATINGS

 

     AAA. Debt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by S&P. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.

 

     AA. Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differs from the highest rated issues only in small degree. The AA rating may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the AA rating category.

 

     A. Debt rated A is regarded as safe. This rating differs from the two higher ratings because, with respect to general obligation bonds, there is some weakness which, under certain adverse circumstances, might impair the ability of the issuer to meet debt obligations at some future date. With respect to revenue bonds, debt service coverage is good but not exceptional and stability of pledged revenues could show some variations because of increased competition or economic influences in revenues.

 

     BBB. Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having adequate capacity to pay principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds in this capacity than for bonds in the A category.

 

     BB. Debt rated BB has less near-term vulnerability to default than other speculative grade debt, however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payment.

 

     B. Debt rated B has a greater vulnerability to default bit presently has the capacity to meet interest and principal payments. Adverse business, financial or economic conditions would likely impair capacity or willingness to pay interest and repay principal.

 

     CCC. Debt rated CCC has a current identifiable vulnerability to default and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions to meet timely payments of principal. In the event of adverse business, financial or economic conditions, it is not likely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF FITCH’S MUNICIPAL BOND RATINGS

 

     Debt rated “AAA”, the highest rating by Fitch, is considered to be of the highest credit quality. The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and repay principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events.

 

     Debt rated “AA” is regarded as very high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong.

 

     Debt rated “A” is of high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances than debt with higher ratings.

 

     Debt rated “BBB” is of satisfactory credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is adequate, however a change in economic conditions may adversely affect timely payment.

 

     Debt rated “BB” is considered speculative. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal may be affected over time by adverse economic changes, however, business and financial alternatives can be identified which could assist the obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements.

 

     Debt rated “B” is considered highly speculative. While bonds in this class are currently meeting debt service requirements, the probability of continued timely payment of principal and interest reflects the obligor’s limited margin of safety and the need for reasonable business and economic activity throughout the life of the issue.

 

     Debt rated “CCC” has certain identifiable characteristics which, if not remedied, may lead to default. The ability to meet obligations requires an advantageous business and economic environment.

 

     Plus (+) and minus (-) signs are used with a rating symbol (except AAA) to indicate the relative position within the category.

 

     DESCRIPTION OF MOODY’S RATINGS OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL NOTES AND OTHER SHORT-TERM LOANS

 

     Moody’s ratings for state and municipal notes and other short-term loans are designated “Moody’s Investment Grade” (“MIG”). Such ratings recognize the differences between short-term credit risk and long-term risk. A short-term rating designated VMIG may also be assigned on an issue having a demand feature. Factors affecting the liquidity of the borrower and short-term cyclical elements are critical in short-term borrowing. Symbols used will be as follows:

 

     MIG-l/VMIG-1. This designation denotes best quality. There is present strong protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

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     MIG-2/VMIG-2. This designation denotes high quality. Margins of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding group.

 

DESCRIPTION OF S&P’S RATINGS OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL NOTES AND OTHER SHORT-TERM LOANS

 

     Standard & Poor’s tax exempt note ratings are generally given to such notes that mature in three years or less. The two higher rating categories are as follows:

 

     SP-1. Very strong or strong capacity to pay principal and interest. These issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics will be given a plus (+) designation.

     SP-2. Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest.

 

DESCRIPTION OF MOODY’S GLOBAL LONG-TERM RATING SCALE

 

     Aaa. Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

 

     Aa. Obligations which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

 

     A. Obligations which are rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

 

     Baa. Obligations which are rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

 

     Ba. Obligations which are rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

 

     B. Obligations which are rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

 

Caa. Bonds which are rated Caa are judged to be speculative and of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

 

Ca. Bonds which are rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

 

C. Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

 

     Moody’s applies the numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3

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indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a “(hyb)” indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.

 

DESCRIPTION OF MOODY’S GLOBAL SHORT-TERM RATING SCALE

 

P-1. Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

P-2. Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

P-3. Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

 

NP. Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

 

DESCRIPTION OF S&P LONG TERM ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS

 

     AAA. Obligations rated AAA have the highest rating assigned by S&P to a debt obligation. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

     AA. Obligations rated AA differ from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

 

     A. Obligations rated A are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

 

     BBB. Obligations rated BBB exhibit adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

     BB, B, CCC, CC and C. Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

 

BB. Obligations rated BB are less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B. Obligations rated B are more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse

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business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

CCC. Obligations rated CCC are currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

CC. Obligations rated CC are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The CC rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.

 

C. Obligations rated C are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher.

 

D. Obligations rated D are in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.

 

NR. This indicates that no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

 

* The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

 

DESCRIPTION OF S&P SHORT TERM ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS

 

A-1. Obligations rated A-1 are rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

 

A-2. Obligations rated A-2 are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

 

A-3. Obligations rated A-3 exhibit adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

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B. Obligations rated B are regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.

 

C. Obligations rated C are currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

D. Obligations rated D are in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.

 

DESCRIPTION OF FITCH’S LONG TERM RATINGS

 

     AAA: Highest credit quality. AAA ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

 

AA: Very high credit quality. AA ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

 

A: High credit quality. A ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

 

BBB: Good credit quality. BBB ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.

 

BB: Speculative. BB ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists which supports the servicing of financial commitments.

 

B: Highly speculative. B ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.

 

CCC: Substantial credit risk. Default is a real possibility.

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CC: Very high levels of credit risk. Default of some kind appears probable.

 

C: Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. Default is imminent or inevitable, or the issuer is in standstill. Conditions that are indicative of a C category rating for an issuer include:

 

a. the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation;

 

b. the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; or

 

c. Fitch Ratings otherwise believes a condition of RD or D to be imminent or inevitable, including through the formal announcement of a distressed debt exchange.

 

RD: Restricted default. RD ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings' opinion has experienced an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased operating. This would include: a. the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt; b. the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation; c. the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; ord. execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.

 

D: Default. D ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings' opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, or which has otherwise ceased business.

 

Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.

 

Imminent default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future.

 

In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency's opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer's financial obligations or local commercial practice.

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The modifiers + or - may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the AAA category, or to categories below B.

 

DESCRIPTION OF FITCH’S SHORT TERM RATINGS

 

F1: Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added + to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

 

F2: Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.

 

F3: Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.

 

B: Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

 

C: High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.

 

RD: Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.

 

D: Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.

 

 DESCRIPTION OF MOODY’S RATINGS OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL NOTES AND OTHER SHORT-TERM LOANS

 

     Moody’s ratings for U.S. municipal bond anticipation notes of up to three years maturity are designated “Moody’s Investment Grade” (“MIG”). MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation, and the issuer’s long-term rating is only one consideration in assigning the MIG rating. MIG ratings are divided into three levels—MIG 1 through MIG 3—while speculative grade short-term obligations are designated SG:

 

MIG 1. This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

 

MIG 2. This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.

 

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MIG 3. This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.

 

SG. This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.

 

A short-term rating designated Variable Municipal Investment Grade (“VMIG”) may also be assigned on an issue having a demand obligation. Symbols used will be as follows:

 

     VMIG 1. This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

 

     VMIG 2. This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

 

VMIG 3. This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

 

SG. This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade

short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

 

DESCRIPTION OF S&P’S RATINGS SHORT TERM NOTES

 

     Standard & Poor’s U.S. municipal note ratings are generally given to such notes that are due in three years or less. The rating categories are as follows:

 

     SP-1. Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.

     SP-2. Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.

SP-3. Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

 

DESCRIPTION OF COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS

 

     Commercial paper rated Prime-l by Moody’s is judged by Moody’s to be of the best quality. Their short-term debt obligations carry the smallest degree of investment risk. Margins of support for current indebtedness are large or stable with cash flow and asset protection well insured. Current liquidity provides ample coverage of near-term liabilities and unused alternative financing arrangements are generally available. While protective elements may change over the intermediate or longer term, such changes are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of short-term obligations.

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     Issuers (or related supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.

 

     Commercial paper rated A by S&P have the following characteristics. Liquidity ratios are better than industry average. Long-term debt rating is A or better. The issuer has access to at least two additional channels of borrowing. Basic earnings and cash flow are in an upward trend. Typically, the issuer is a strong company in a well-established industry and has superior management. Issuers rated A are further refined by use of numbers 1, 2, and 3 to denote relative strength within this highest classification. Those issuers rated A-1 that are determined by S&P to possess overwhelming safety characteristics are denoted with a plus (+) sign designation.

 

     Fitch’s commercial paper ratings represent Fitch’s assessment of the issuer’s ability to meet its obligations in a timely manner. The assessment places emphasis on the existence of liquidity. Ratings range from F-1+ which represents exceptionally strong credit quality to F-4 which represents weak credit quality.

 

     Duff & Phelps’ short-term ratings apply to all obligations with maturities of under one year, including commercial paper, the uninsured portion of certificates of deposit, unsecured bank loans, master notes, banker’s acceptances, irrevocable letters of credit and current maturities of long-term debt. Emphasis is placed on liquidity. Ratings range from Duff 1+ for the highest quality to Duff 5 for the lowest, issuers in default. Issues rated Duff 1+ are regarded as having the highest certainty of timely payment. Issues rated Duff 1 are regarded as having very high certainty of timely payment.

 

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APPENDIX B – PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

The Portfolio has delegated responsibility to the Sub-Adviser or James Alpha to vote proxies in accordance with the applicable Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (all of which are attached hereto).

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JAMES ALPHA ADVISORS, LLC

PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES

April 2014

STATEMENT OF POLICIES AND PROCEDURES REGARDING THE VOTING OF SECURITIES

This statement sets forth the policies and procedures that James Alpha Advisors, LLC (“James Alpha”) follows in exercising voting rights with respect to securities held in our client portfolios. All proxy-voting rights that are exercised by James Alpha shall be subject to this Statement of Policies and Procedures.

I.  Objectives

Voting rights are an important component of corporate governance. James Alpha has three overall objectives in exercising voting rights:

A. Responsibility. James Alpha shall seek to ensure that there is an effective means in place to hold companies accountable for their actions. While management must be accountable to its board, the board must be accountable to a company's shareholders. Although accountability can be promoted in a variety of ways, protecting shareholder voting rights may be among our most important tools.

B. Rationalizing Management and Shareholder Concerns. James Alpha seeks to ensure that the interests of a company's management and board are aligned with those of the company's shareholders. In this respect, compensation must be structured to reward the creation of shareholder value.

C. Shareholder Communication. Since companies are owned by their shareholders, James Alpha seeks to ensure that management effectively communicates with its owners about the company's business operations and financial performance. It is only with effective communication that shareholders will be able to assess the performance of management and to make informed decisions on when to buy, sell or hold a company's securities.

II.  General Principles

In exercising voting rights, James Alpha shall conduct itself in accordance with the general principles set forth below.

1. The ability to exercise a voting right with respect to a security is a valuable right and, therefore, must be viewed as part of the asset itself.

2. In exercising voting rights, James Alpha shall engage in a careful evaluation of issues that may materially affect the rights of shareholders and the value of the security.

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3. Consistent with general fiduciary principles, the exercise of voting rights shall always be conducted with reasonable care, prudence and diligence.

4. In exercising voting rights on behalf of clients, James Alpha shall conduct itself in the same manner as if James Alpha were the constructive owner of the securities.

5. To the extent reasonably possible, James Alpha shall participate in each shareholder voting opportunity.

6. Voting rights shall not automatically be exercised in favor of management-supported proposals.

7. James Alpha, and its officers and employees, shall never accept any item of value in consideration of a favorable proxy voting decision.

III.  General Guidelines

Set forth below are general guidelines that James Alpha shall follow in exercising proxy voting rights:

Prudence

In making a proxy voting decision, James Alpha shall give appropriate consideration to all relevant facts and circumstances, including the value of the securities to be voted and the likely effect any vote may have on that value. Since voting rights must be exercised on the basis of an informed judgment, investigation shall be a critical initial step.

Third Party Views

While James Alpha may consider the views of third parties, James Alpha shall never base a proxy voting decision solely on the opinion of a third party. Rather, decisions shall be based on a reasonable and good faith determination as to how best to maximize shareholder value.

Shareholder Value

Just as the decision whether to purchase or sell a security is a matter of judgment, determining whether a specific proxy resolution will increase the market value of a security is a matter of judgment as to which informed parties may differ. In determining how a proxy vote may affect the economic value of a security, James Alpha shall consider both short-term and long-term views about a company's business and prospects, especially in light of our projected holding period on the stock (e.g., James Alpha may discount long-term views on a short-term holding).

IV.  Specific Issues

Set forth below are guidelines as to how specific proxy voting issues shall be analyzed and assessed. While these guidelines will provide a framework for our decision making process, the mechanical application of these guidelines can never address all proxy voting decisions.

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When new issues arise or old issues present nuances not encountered before, James Alpha must be guided by its reasonable judgment to vote in a manner that James Alpha deems to be in the best interests of its clients.

A.  Stock-Based Compensation

Approval of Plans or Plan Amendments. By their nature, compensation plans must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. As a general matter, James Alpha always favors compensation plans that align the interests of management and shareholders. James Alpha generally approves compensation plans under the following conditions:

10% Rule. The dilution effect of the newly authorized shares, plus the shares reserved for issuance in connection with all other stock related plans, generally should not exceed 10%.

Exercise Price. The minimum exercise price of stock options should be at least equal to the market price of the stock on the date of grant.

Plan Amendments. Compensation plans should not be materially amended without shareholder approval.

Non-Employee Directors. Awards to non-employee directors should not be subject to management discretion, but rather should be made under non-discretionary grants specified by the terms of the plan.

Repricing/Replacement of Underwater Options. Stock options generally should not be re-priced, and never should be re-priced without shareholder approval. In addition, companies should not issue new options, with a lower strike price, to make up for previously issued options that are substantially underwater. James Alpha will vote against the election of any slate of directors that, to its knowledge, has authorized a company to re-price or replace underwater options during the most recent year without shareholder approval.

Reload/Evergreen Features. We will generally vote against plans that enable the issuance of reload options and that provide an automatic share replenishment (“evergreen”) feature.

Measures to Increase Executive Long-Term Stock Ownership. We support measures to increase the long-term stock ownership by a company's executives. These include requiring senior executives to hold a minimum amount of stock in a company (often expressed as a percentage of annual compensation), requiring stock acquired through option exercise to be held for a certain minimum amount of time, and issuing restricted stock awards instead of options. In this respect, we support the expensing of option grants because it removes the incentive of a company to issue options in lieu of restricted stock. We also support employee stock purchase plans, although we generally believe the discounted purchase price should be at least 85% of the current market price.

Vesting. Restricted stock awards normally should vest over at least a two-year period.

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Other stock awards. Stock awards other than stock options and restricted stock awards should be granted in lieu of salary or a cash bonus, and the number of shares awarded should be reasonable.

B.   Change of Control Issues

While we recognize that a takeover attempt can be a significant distraction for the board and management to deal with, the simple fact is that the possibility of a corporate takeover keeps management focused on maximizing shareholder value. As a result, James Alpha opposes measures that are designed to prevent or obstruct corporate takeovers because they can entrench current management. The following are James Alpha's guidelines on change of control issues:

Shareholder Rights Plans. James Alpha acknowledges that there are arguments for and against shareholder rights plans, also known as “poison pills.” Companies should put their case for rights plans to shareholders. We generally vote against any directors who, without shareholder approval, to our knowledge have instituted a new poison pill plan, extended an existing plan, or adopted a new plan upon the expiration of an existing plan during the past year.

Golden Parachutes. James Alpha opposes the use of accelerated employment contracts that result in cash grants of greater than three times annual compensation (salary and bonus) in the event of termination of employment following a change in control of a company. In general, the guidelines call for voting against “golden parachute” plans because they impede potential takeovers that shareholders should be free to consider. We generally withhold our votes at the next shareholder meeting for directors who to our knowledge approved golden parachutes.

Approval of Mergers – James Alpha votes against proposals that require a super-majority of shareholders to approve a merger or other significant business combination. We support proposals that seek to lower super-majority voting requirements.

C. Routine Issues

Director Nominees in a Non-Contested Election – James Alpha generally votes in favor of management proposals on director nominees.

Director Nominees in a Contested Election – By definition, this type of board candidate or slate runs for the purpose of seeking a significant change in corporate policy or control. Therefore, the economic impact of the vote in favor of or in opposition to that director or slate must be analyzed using a higher standard normally applied to changes in control. Criteria for evaluating director nominees as a group or individually should include: performance; compensation, corporate governance provisions and takeover activity; criminal activity; attendance at meetings; investment in the company; interlocking directorships; inside, outside and independent directors; whether the chairman and CEO titles are held by the same person; number of other board seats; and other experience. It is impossible to have a general policy regarding director nominees in a contested election.

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Board Composition – James Alpha supports the election of a board that consists of at least a majority of independent directors. We generally withhold our support for non-independent directors who serve on a company's audit, compensation and/or nominating committees. We also generally withhold support for director candidates who have not attended a sufficient number of board or committee meetings to effectively discharge their duties as directors.

Classified Boards – Because a classified board structure prevents shareholders from electing a full slate of directors at annual meetings, James Alpha generally votes against classified boards. We vote in favor of shareholder proposals to declassify a board of directors unless a company's charter or governing corporate law allows shareholders, by written consent, to remove a majority of directors at any time, with or without cause.

Barriers to Shareholder Action – We vote to support proposals that lower the barriers to shareholder action. This includes the right of shareholders to call a meeting and the right of shareholders to act by written consent.

Cumulative Voting – Having the ability to cumulate our votes for the election of directors – that is, cast more than one vote for a director about whom they feel strongly – generally increases shareholders' rights to effect change in the management of a corporation. We generally support, therefore, proposals to adopt cumulative voting.

Ratification of Auditors – Votes generally are cast in favor of proposals to ratify an independent auditor, unless there is a reason to believe the auditing firm is no longer performing its required duties or there are exigent circumstances requiring us to vote against the approval of the recommended auditor. For example, our general policy is to vote against an independent auditor that receives more than 50% of its total fees from a company for non-audit services.

D. Stock Related Items

Increase Additional Common Stock – James Alpha's guidelines generally call for approval of increases in authorized shares, provided that the increase is not greater than three times the number of shares outstanding and reserved for issuance (including shares reserved for stock-related plans and securities convertible into common stock, but not shares reserved for any poison pill plan).

Votes generally are cast in favor of proposals to authorize additional shares of stock except where the proposal:

1. creates a blank check preferred stock; or

2. establishes classes of stock with superior voting rights.

Blank Check Preferred Stock – Votes generally are cast in opposition to management proposals authorizing the creation of new classes of preferred stock with unspecific voting, conversion, distribution and other rights, and management proposals to increase the number of authorized blank check preferred shares. James Alpha may vote in favor of this type of proposal when it receives assurances to its reasonable satisfaction that (i) the preferred stock

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was authorized by the board for the use of legitimate capital formation purposes and not for anti-takeover purposes, and (ii) no preferred stock will be issued with voting power that is disproportionate to the economic interests of the preferred stock. These representations should be made either in the proxy statement or in a separate letter from the company to James Alpha.

Preemptive Rights – Votes are cast in favor of shareholder proposals restoring limited preemptive rights.

Dual Class Capitalizations – Because classes of common stock with unequal voting rights limit the rights of certain shareholders, James Alpha votes against adoption of a dual or multiple class capitalization structure.

E. Social Issues

James Alpha believes that it is the responsibility of the board and management to run a company on a daily basis. With this in mind, in the absence of unusual circumstances, we do not believe that shareholders should be involved in determining how a company should address broad social and policy issues. As a result, we generally vote against these types of proposals, which are generally initiated by shareholders, unless we believe the proposal has significant economic implications.

F. Other Situations

No set of guidelines can anticipate all situations that may arise. Our portfolio managers and analysts will be expected to analyze proxy proposals in an effort to gauge the impact of a proposal on the financial prospects of a company, and vote accordingly. These policies are intended to provide guidelines for voting. They are not, however, hard and fast rules because corporate governance issues are so varied.

V. Proxy Voting Procedures

James Alpha shall maintain a record of all voting decisions for the period required by applicable laws. In each case in which James Alpha votes contrary to the stated policies set forth in these guidelines, the record shall indicate the reason for such a vote.

The Senior Portfolio Manager of James Alpha shall have responsibility for voting proxies. The Senior Portfolio Manager shall be responsible for ensuring that he is aware of all upcoming proxy voting opportunities. The Senior Portfolio Manager shall ensure that proxy votes are properly recorded and that the requisite information regarding each proxy voting opportunity is maintained. The CCO of James Alpha shall have overall responsibility for ensuring that James Alpha complies with all proxy voting requirements and procedures.

VI.  Recordkeeping

The Senior Portfolio Manager shall be responsible for recording and maintaining the following information with respect to each proxy voted by James Alpha:

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* Name of the company

* Ticker symbol

* CUSIP number

* Shareholder meeting date

* Brief identification of each matter voted upon

* Whether the matter was proposed by management or a shareholder

* Whether James Alpha voted on the matter

* If James Alpha voted, then how James Alpha voted

* Whether James Alpha voted with or against management

The CCO shall be responsible for maintaining and updating these Policies and Procedures, and for maintaining any records of written client requests for proxy voting information and documents that were prepared by James Alpha and were deemed material to making a voting decision or that memorialized the basis for the decision.

James Alpha shall rely on the SEC's EDGAR filing system with respect to the requirement to maintain proxy materials regarding client securities.

VII.  Conflicts of Interest

There may be situations in which James Alpha may face a conflict between its interests and those of its clients or fund shareholders. Potential conflicts are most likely to fall into three general categories:

*   Business Relationships – This type of conflict would occur if James Alpha or an affiliate has a substantial business relationship with the company or a proponent of a proxy proposal relating to the company (such as an employee group) such that failure to vote in favor of management (or the proponent) could harm the relationship of James Alpha or its affiliate with the company or proponent. In the context of James Alpha, this could occur if Ascent Real Estate Securities, LLC (“ARES”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the parent company of Ascent Investment Advisors, LLC, an affiliate of James Alpha, has a material business relationship with a company that James Alpha has invested in on behalf of its clients, and James Alpha is encouraged to vote in favor of management as an inducement to acquire or maintain the ARES relationship.

*   Personal Relationships – James Alpha or an affiliate could have a personal relationship with other proponents of proxy proposals, participants in proxy contests, corporate directors or director nominees.

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*   Familial Relationships – James Alpha or an affiliate could have a familial relationship relating to a company (e.g., spouse or other relative who serves as a director or nominee of a public company).

The next step is to identify if a conflict is material. A material matter is one that is reasonably likely to be viewed as important by the average shareholder. Materiality will be judged under a two-step approach:

*   Financial Based Materiality – James Alpha presumes a conflict to be non-material unless it involves at least $500,000.

*   Non-Financial Based Materiality – Non-financial based materiality would impact the members of the James Alpha portfolio management team, who are responsible for evaluating and making proxy voting decisions.

Finally, if a material conflict exists, James Alpha shall vote in accordance with the advice of a proxy voting service. James Alpha currently uses ISS to provide advice on proxy voting decisions.

James Alpha’s CCO shall have responsibility for supervising and monitoring conflicts of interest in the proxy voting process according to the following process:

1.   Identifying Conflicts – The CCO of James Alpha is responsible for monitoring the relationships of ARES for purposes of James Alpha's Proxy Voting Guidelines. For purposes of monitoring personal or familial relationships, the CCO of James Alpha shall receive on at least an annual basis from each member of the portfolio management team written disclosure of any personal or familial relationships with public company directors that could raise potential conflict of interest concerns. Portfolio management team members also shall agree in writing to advise the CCO of James Alpha if (i) there are material changes to any previously furnished information, (ii) a person with whom a personal or familial relationship exists is subsequently nominated as a director or (iii) a personal or familial relationship exists with any proponent of a proxy proposal or a participant in a proxy contest.

2.   Identifying Materiality – The CCO of James Alpha shall be responsible for determining whether a conflict is material. He shall evaluate financial-based materiality in terms of both actual and potential fees to be received. Non-financial based items impacting a member of the portfolio management team shall be presumed to be material.

3.   Communication with Senior Portfolio Manager; Voting of Proxy – If the CCO of James Alpha determines that the relationship between ARES and a company is financially material, he shall communicate that information to the Senior Portfolio Manager and instruct him that James Alpha will vote its proxy based on the advice of ISS or other consulting firm then engaged by James Alpha. Any personal or familial relationship, or any other business relationship, that exists between a company and any member of the portfolio management team shall be presumed to be material, in which case James Alpha again will vote its proxy based on the advice of ISS or other consulting firm then engaged by James Alpha. The fact that a member of the portfolio management team personally owns securities issued by a

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company will not disqualify James Alpha from voting common stock issued by that company, since the member's personal and professional interests will be aligned.

In cases in which James Alpha will vote its proxy based on the advice of ISS or other consulting firm then engaged by James Alpha, the CCO of James Alpha shall be responsible for ensuring that the Senior Portfolio Manager votes proxies in this manner. The CCO of James Alpha will maintain a written record of each instance when a conflict arises and how the conflict is resolved (e.g., whether the conflict is judged to be material, the basis on which the materiality is decision is made and how the proxy is voted). 

VIII. James Alpha Funds

Proxies relating to portfolio securities held by any fund advised by James Alpha shall be voted in accordance with this Statement of Policies and Procedures. For this purpose, the Board of Trustees of the James Alpha Multi Strategy Alternative Income Fund has delegated to James Alpha the responsibility for voting proxies on behalf of the Fund. The CCO of James Alpha shall make an annual presentation to the Board regarding this Statement of Policy and Procedures, including whether any revisions are recommended, and shall report to the Board at each regular, quarterly meeting with respect to any conflict of interest situation that arose regarding the proxy voting process.

IV. Annual Review; Reporting

The CCO of James Alpha shall conduct an annual review to assess compliance with these policies and procedures. This review will include sampling a limited number of proxy votes during the prior year to determine if they were consistent with these policies and procedures. The results of this review will be reported to the Board of Trustees and the CCO of the Mutual Fund.

Any violations of these policies and procedures shall be reported to the CCO of James Alpha. If the violation relates to any fund advised by James Alpha, the CCO of James Alpha shall report such violation to the CCO of the Fund.

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ORANGE INVESTMENT ADVISORS, LLC

(the “Firm”)

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

September 27, 2017

The Firm provides investment advisory services to Orange Structured Credit Value Fund (the “Fund”). They invest the assets of the Fund in securities issued by public and private issuers. The Firm has authority to vote proxies relating to such securities on behalf of the Fund. These Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (the “Policies”) set out the process by which the Firm will vote proxies for the securities owned by the Fund.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) has adopted Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Under this rule, registered investment advisers that exercise voting authority over securities held in client portfolios are required to implement proxy voting policies and describe those policies to their clients.

The Proxy Committee of the Firm is responsible for making all proxy voting decisions in accordance with these Policies. The Portfolio Managers and Chief Compliance Officer of the Firm are members of the Proxy Committee. The Chief Compliance Officer is responsible for the actual voting of all proxies in a timely manner and for monitoring the effectiveness of the Policies. (See Section IV, “Procedures for Proxies.”)

The Policies attempt to generalize a complex subject. The Firm may, from time to time, determine that it is in the best interests of the Fund to depart from specific policies described herein. The rationale for any such departure will be memorialized in writing by the Chief Compliance Officer.

I.       General Policy

The general policy is to vote proxy proposals, amendments, consents or resolutions relating to client securities, including interests in private investment funds, if any (collectively, “proxies”), in a manner that serves the best interests of the Fund, as determined by the Firm in its discretion, and taking into account relevant factors, including, but not limited to:

·         the impact on the value of the securities;

·         the anticipated costs and benefits associated with the proposal;

·         the effect on liquidity; and

·         customary industry and business practices.

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II.       Specific Policies

A.       Routine Matters

Routine matters are typically proposed by Management (as defined below) of a company and meet the following criteria: (i) they do not measurably change the structure, management, control or operation of the company; (ii) they do not measurably change the terms of, or fees or expenses associated with, an investment in the company; and (iii) they are consistent with customary industry standards and practices, as well as the laws of the state of incorporation applicable to the company.

For routine matters, the Firm will vote in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s directors, general partners, managing members or trustees (collectively, “Management”), unless, in the Firm’s opinion, such recommendation is not in the best interest of the Fund.

1.       General Matters

The Firm will generally vote for proposals:

● to set time and location of annual meeting;

● to change the fiscal year of the company; and

● to change the name of a company.

2.       Board Members

a.       Election or Re-Election. The Firm will generally vote on a case by case basis regarding Management proposals to elect or re-elect Board members.

b.       Fees to Board Members. The Firm will generally vote on a case by case basis regarding proposals to increase fees paid to Board members, unless they determine that the compensation exceeds market standards.

3.       Capital Structure

The Firm will generally vote on a case by case basis regarding proposals to change capitalization, including to increase authorized common shares or to increase authorized preferred shares.

4.       Appointment of Auditors

The Firm will generally vote for the approval of auditors and proposals authorizing the Board to fix auditor fees, unless:

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the Firm has serious concerns about the accountants presented, including their independence, or the audit procedures used; or

● the auditors are being changed without explanation.

B.       Non-Routine Matters

Non-routine matters involve a variety of issues and may be proposed by Management or beneficial owners (e.g., shareholders) of a company (the “Owners”). These proxies may involve one or more of the following: (i) a measurable change in the structure, management, control or operation of the company; (ii) a measurable change in the terms of, or fees or expenses associated with, an investment in the company; or (iii) a change that is inconsistent with industry standards and/or the laws of the state of incorporation applicable to the company.

1.       Board Members

a.       Term Limits. The Firm will generally vote for proposals to require a reasonable retirement age for a company’s board members, and will vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to attempt to limit tenure.

b.       Replacement. The Firm will generally vote against proposals that make it more difficult to replace board members of a company, including proposals:

● to stagger the board;

● to overweight Management representation on the board;

to introduce cumulative voting;

● to introduce unequal voting rights;

● to create supermajority voting; or

● to establish pre-emptive rights.

c.       Liability and Indemnification. In order to promote accountability, the Firm will generally vote against proposals to limit the personal liability of board members for any breach of fiduciary duty or failure to act in good faith.

d.       Ownership Issues. The Firm will generally vote for proposals that require Management to own a minimum interest in the company. The purpose of this policy is to encourage the alignment of Management’s interests with the interests of the company’s Owners. However, the Firm will generally vote against proposals for stock options or other compensation that grant an ownership interest for Management if such proposals offer greater than 15% of the outstanding securities of a company because such options may dilute the voting rights of other Owners of the company.

96 
 

e.        Executive and/or Director Stock Option Plans. The Firm will generally vote on a case by case basis regarding proposals to grant stock options to Management and/or executive or nonexecutive Directors.

f.        Repricing Options. To maximize the likelihood that option grants align the interests of recipients with those of a company’s Owners, the Firm will generally vote against any stock option plan that has repriced any previous options grants in the previous three years.

2.       Compensation, Fees and Expenses

In general, the Firm will vote against proposals to increase compensation, fees or expenses to be paid to the company’s Owners, unless the Firm determines that the benefits resulting to the company and its Owners justifies the increased compensation, fees or expenses.

3.       Voting Rights

The Firm will generally vote against proposals:

● to introduce unequal voting or dividend rights among the classes;

to change the amendment provisions of a company’s charter documents by removing Owner approval requirements;
to require supermajority approval for votes rather than a simple majority;

● to restrict the Owners’ right to act by written consent; or

to restrict the Owners’ right to call meetings, propose amendments to the articles of incorporation or other governing documents of the company or nominate Board members.

The Firm will generally vote for proposals that eliminate any of the foregoing rights or requirements.

4.       Takeover Defenses and Related Actions

The Firm will generally vote against any proposal to create any plan or procedure designed primarily to discourage a takeover or other similar action, including “poison pills”. Examples of “poison pills” include:

● large increases in the amount of stock authorized but not issued;

blank check preferred stock (stock with a fixed dividend and a preferential claim on company assets relative to common shares, the terms of which
97 
 

are set by the board of a company at a future date without further action by Owners);

compensation that would act to reward Management as a result of a takeover attempt, whether successful or not, such as revaluing purchase price of stock options, or “golden parachutes”;
fixed price amendments that require a certain price to be offered to all Owners based on a fixed formula; and
greenmail provisions that allow a company to make payments to a bidder in order to persuade the bidder to abandon its takeover plans.

The Firm will generally vote for proposals that eliminate any of the foregoing rights or requirements, as well as proposals to:

require that golden parachutes or golden handcuffs be submitted for ratification by Owners; and
to opt out of state anti-takeover laws deemed by the Firm to be detrimental.

The Firm will generally vote on a case-by-case basis regarding other proposals that may be used to prevent takeovers, such as the establishment of employee stock purchase or ownership plans.

5.       Reincorporation

The Firm will generally vote for a change in the state of incorporation if the change is for valid business reasons (such as reincorporating in the same state as the headquarters of any controlling company), but will generally vote on a case by case basis regarding a change in the country of incorporation.

6.        Debt Issuance and Pledging of Assets for Debt

The Firm will generally vote proxies relating to the issuance of debt, the pledging of assets for debt, and an increase in borrowing powers on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration relevant factors, including, for example:

the potential increase in the company’s outstanding interests or shares, if any (e.g., convertible bonds); and
the potential increase in the company’s capital, if any, over the current outstanding capital.
98 
 

7.       Mergers or Acquisitions

The Firm will vote proxies relating to mergers or acquisitions on a case-by-case basis, but will generally vote for any proposals that the Firm believes will offer fair value to its clients.

8.       Termination or Liquidation of the Company

The Firm will vote proxies relating to the termination or liquidation of a company on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration one or more of the following factors:

● terms of liquidation;

● past performance of the company; and

● strategies employed to save the company.

9.       Social & Environmental Issues and Corporate Responsibility

The Firm will vote proxies relating to social and environmental issues on a case-by-case basis, but will generally vote for any proposals that will reduce discrimination or increase conservation of resources and wildlife.

The Firm will generally vote against any proposals that place arbitrary restrictions on the company’s ability to invest, market, enter into contractual arrangements or conduct other activities. The Firm will also generally vote against proposals:

● to bar or restrict charitable contributions; or

● to limit corporate political activities.

10.       All Other Matters

All other decisions regarding proxies will be determined on a case-by-case basis taking into account the general policy, as set forth above.

C.       Abstaining from Voting or Affirmatively Not Voting

The Firm will abstain from voting (which generally requires submission of a proxy voting card) or affirmatively decide not to vote if the Firm determines that abstaining or not voting is in the best interests of the Fund. In making such a determination, the Firm will consider various factors, including, but not limited to: (i) the costs associated with exercising the proxy (e.g., translation or travel costs); (ii) any legal restrictions on trading resulting from the exercise of a proxy; and (iii) whether the Firm has sold the underlying securities since the record date for the proxy. The Firm will not abstain from voting or affirmatively decide not to vote a proxy for a fund that is a plan asset fund subject to the requirements of the Employee Retirement

99 
 

Income Security Act of 1974, as amended. Furthermore, the Firm will not abstain from voting or affirmatively decide not to vote merely to avoid a conflict of interest.

III.       Conflicts of Interest

At times, conflicts may arise between the interests of the Fund, on the one hand, and the interests of the Firm or its affiliates, on the other hand. If a person associated with the Firm, the Fund, or their affiliates is a member of the board of directors of an issuer of a security that is the subject of a proxy vote, or if the Firm otherwise determines that it has, or may be perceived to have, a conflict of interest when voting a proxy, the Firm will address matters involving such conflicts of interest as follows:

A.       If a proposal is addressed by the specific policies herein, the Firm will vote in accordance with such policies;

B.       If the Firm believes it is in the best interest of the funds to depart from the specific policies provided for herein, the Firm will be subject to the requirements of C, D, or E below, as applicable;

C.       If the proxy proposal is (1) not addressed by the specific policies or (2) requires a case-by-case determination by the Firm, the Firm may vote such proxy as it determines to be in the best interest of the funds, without taking any action described in D below (except to the extent that E below applies), provided that such vote would be against the Firm’s own interests in the matter (i.e., against the perceived or actual conflict). The Firm will memorialize the rationale of such vote in writing; and

D.       If the proxy proposal is (1) not addressed by the specific policies or (2) requires a case-by-case determination by the Firm, and the Firm believes it should vote in a way that may also benefit, or be perceived to benefit, its own interest, then the Firm must take one of the following actions in voting such proxy: (a) delegate the voting decision for such proxy proposal to an independent third party; (b) delegate the voting decision to an independent committee of partners, members, directors or other representatives of the funds, as applicable; (c) in the case of a private fund, inform the investors in the fund of the conflict of interest and obtain the consent of a majority in interest to vote the proxy as recommended by the Firm; or (d) obtain approval of the decision from Chief Compliance Officer or third party legal advisors.

E.       If the proxy proposal involves a security of a company of which a person associated with the Firm, the Fund, or their affiliates is a member of the board of directors, and the proxy proposal is (1) not addressed by the specific policies or (2) requires a case-by-case determination by the Firm, then the Firm shall abstain from voting that proxy.

IV.       Procedures for Proxies

The Proxy Committee will be responsible for determining whether each proxy is for a “routine” matter or not, as described above. All proxies identified as “routine” will be voted by the President in accordance with the Policies, unless the Policies indicate that the Firm will

100 
 

consider the applicable matter on a case by case basis, in which case the matter will be submitted to the Proxy Committee, as set out below.

Any proxies that are not clearly “routine” will be submitted to the Proxy Committee, and the Proxy Committee will determine how to vote each such proxy by applying the Policies. Upon making a decision, the proxy will be executed and returned for submission to the company. Upon receipt of an executed proxy, the Chief Compliance Officer will update the applicable Fund’s proxy voting record.

In the event the Firm determines that the Fund should rely on the advice of an independent third party or a committee regarding the voting of a proxy, the Firm will submit the proxy to such third party or committee for a decision. The Chief Compliance Officer will execute the proxy in accordance with such third party’s or committee’s decision.

V.       Record of Proxy Voting

The Chief Compliance Officer also will maintain, assure that the Firm maintains, or have available, written or electronic copies of each proxy statement received and of each executed proxy.

The President will also maintain or assure that the Firm maintains, records relating to each proxy, including (i) the determination as to whether the proxy was routine or not, (ii) the voting decision with regard to each proxy; and (iii) any documents created by the Proxy Committee, or others, that were material to making the voting decision.

The Firm will maintain records of each written request from an investor in the Fund for proxy voting information and the Firm’s written response to any request (oral or written) from an investor in the Fund for proxy voting information.

The Firm will maintain such records in its offices for two years from the end of the fiscal year during which the record was created, and for an additional three years in an easily accessible place

 

101 
 

PART C

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 28. EXHIBITS.

 

(a)(1) Certificate of Trust, dated April 4, 1994. (57)
     
(a)(2) Agreement and Declaration of Trust. (1)
     
(a)(3) Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust. (1)
     
(a)(4) Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust – Establishment and Designation of Series. (18)
     
(a)(5) Amendment No. 3 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust – Establishment and Designation of Series. (26)
     
(a)(6) Amendment No. 4 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust – Establishment and Designation of Series. (33)
     
(a)(7) Amendment No. 5 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust – Establishment and Designation of Series. (34)
     
(a)(8) Amendment No. 6 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust – Establishment and Designation of Series. (37)
     
 (a)(9) Amendment No. 7 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust – Establishment and Designation of Series. (39)
     
 (a)(10) Amendment No. 8 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust – Establishment and Designation of Series. (43)
     
 (a)(11) Amendment No. 9 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust – Establishment and Designation of Series. (46)
     
(a)(12) Amendment No. 10 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust – Establishment and Designation of Series. (50)
     
(a)(13) Amendment No. 11 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust – Establishment and Designation of Series. (54)
     
(a)(14) Amendment No. 12 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust – Establishment and Designation of Series. (58)
     
(a)(15) Amendment No. 13 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust – Establishment and Designation of Series. To be filed by amendment
     
(b) By-laws of Registrant. (1)
     
(c) Not Applicable.  
     
(d)(1) Form of Management Agreement. (2)
     
(d)(2) Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Saratoga Capital Management, LLC and Smith Group Asset Management with respect to the Large Capitalization Growth Portfolio. (42)
     
(d)(3) Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Saratoga Capital Management, LLC and Zacks Investment Management, Inc. with respect to the Small Capitalization Portfolio. (41)
     

(d)(4)

 

Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Oak Associates, ltd. and Saratoga Capital Management, LLC with respect to the Health and Biotechnology Portfolio.

(16)

 

     
(d)(5) Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Saratoga Capital Management, LLC and Smith Group Asset Management with respect to the Financial Services Portfolio. (42)
     
(d)(6) Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Saratoga Capital Management, LLC and Vaughan Nelson Investment Management, L.P. with respect to the Mid Capitalization Portfolio.

(19)

 

     
(d)(17) Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Saratoga Capital Management, LLC and Smith Group Asset Management with respect to the Energy & Basic Materials Portfolio.    (42)
     
(d)(8) Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Saratoga Capital Management, LLC and M.D. Sass Investors Services, Inc. with respect to the Large Capitalization Value Portfolio.    (22)
     
(d)(9) Form of Excess Expense Agreement, as amended and restated on July 19, 2012. (32)
     
(d)(10) Form of Supervision Agreement between Saratoga Advantage Trust and Saratoga Capital Management, LLC with respect to the James Alpha Macro Portfolio (formerly named James Alpha Global Enhanced Real Return Portfolio and, formerly, Armored Wolf Global Enhanced Real Return Portfolio). (26)
     
(d)(11) Form of Supervision Agreement between Saratoga Advantage Trust and Saratoga Capital Management, LLC with respect to the James Alpha Global Real Estate Investments Portfolio. (28)
(d)(12) Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Saratoga Capital Management, LLC and CLS Investments, LLC with respect to the U.S. Government Money Market Portfolio. (30)
     
(d)(13) Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between Saratoga Capital Management, LLC and Oak Associates, ltd. with respect to the Technology & Communications Portfolio. (30)
     
(d)(14) Investment Management Agreement between Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Multi Strategy Alternative Income Portfolio, and James Alpha Management, LLC. (35)
     

(d)(15)

 

Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between James Alpha Management, LLC and Sub-Advisers with respect to the James Alpha Multi Strategy Alternative Income Portfolio. (34)
     
(d)(16) Operating Expense Limitation Agreement between Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Multi Strategy Alternative Income Portfolio, and James Alpha Management, LLC. (35)
     

(d)(17)

 

Amended Schedule A to Supervision Agreement with respect to the James Alpha Hedged High Income Portfolio. (44)
(d)(18) Investment Management Agreement between Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Yorkville MLP Portfolio, and James Alpha Management, LLC. (38)
     
(d)(19) Investment Advisory Agreement between James Alpha Management, LLC and Yorkville Capital Management, LLC with respect to the James Alpha Yorkville MLP Portfolio. (38)
     
(d)(20) Operating Expense Limitation Agreement between Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Yorkville MLP Portfolio, and James Alpha Management, LLC. (38)
     
(d)(21) Sub-Expense Limitation Agreement between James Alpha Management, LLC, on behalf of the James Alpha Yorkville MLP Portfolio, and Yorkville Capital Management, LLC. (38)
     
(d)(22) Sub-Expense Limitation Agreement between James Alpha Management, Advisors, LLC, on behalf of the James Alpha Yorkville MLP Portfolio, and Yorkville Capital Management, LLC. (51)
     
(d)(23) Investment Management Agreement between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Managed Risk Domestic Equity Portfolio, and James Alpha Management, LLC. (40)
     
(d)(24) Investment Management Agreement between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Managed Risk Emerging Markets Equity Portfolio, and James Alpha Management, LLC. (40)
     
(d)(25) Investment Management Agreement between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Family Office Portfolio, and James Alpha Management, LLC. (40)
     
(d)(26) Operating Expense Limitation Agreement between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Managed Risk Domestic Equity Portfolio, and James Alpha Management, LLC. (40)
     
(d)(27) Operating Expense Limitation Agreement between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Managed Risk Emerging Markets Equity Portfolio, and James Alpha Management, LLC. (40)
     
(d)(28) Operating Expense Limitation Agreement between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Family Office Portfolio, and James Alpha Management, LLC. (40)
     
(d)(29) Investment Advisory Agreement between James Alpha Management, LLC, on behalf of the James Alpha Managed Risk Domestic Equity Portfolio, and EAB Investment Group, LLC. (40)
     
(d)(30) Investment Advisory Agreement between James Alpha Management, LLC, on behalf of the James Alpha Managed Risk Emerging Markets Equity Portfolio, and EAB Investment Group, LLC. (40)
     
(d)(31) Investment Advisory Agreement between James Alpha Management, LLC, on behalf of the James Alpha Multi Strategy Alternative Income Portfolio, and Kellner Private Fund Management, LP. (40)
     
(d)(32) Sub-Expense Limitation Agreement between James Alpha Advisors, LLC, on behalf of the James Alpha Managed Risk Domestic Equity Portfolio, and EAB Investment Group, LLC. (51)
     
(d)(33) Sub-Expense Limitation Agreement between James Alpha Advisors, LLC, on behalf of the James Alpha Managed Risk Emerging Markets Equity Portfolio, and EAB Investment Group, LLC. (51)
     
(d)(34) Investment Advisory Agreement between Saratoga Capital Management, LLC and James Alpha Advisors, LLC with respect to the James Alpha Global Enhanced Real Return Portfolio (now known as James Alpha Macro Portfolio). (48)
     
(d)(35) Investment Advisory Agreement between James Alpha Cayman Commodity Fund I Ltd. and James Alpha Advisors, LLC (42)
     
(d)(36) Operating Expense Limitation Agreement between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Global Enhanced Real Return Portfolio (now known as James Alpha Macro Portfolio), and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (42)
     
(d)(37) Assignment and Assumption Agreement between James Alpha Management, LLC and James Alpha Advisors, LLC with respect to the James Alpha Multi Strategy Alternative Income Portfolio, James Alpha Yorkville MLP Portfolio, James Alpha Managed Risk Domestic Equity Portfolio, James Alpha Managed Risk Emerging Markets Equity Portfolio and James Alpha Family Office Portfolio. (42)
     
(d)(38) Investment Management Agreement between Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Hedged High Income Portfolio, and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (44)
     
(d)(39) Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between James Alpha Advisors, LLC and Amundi Smith Breeden LLC with respect to the James Alpha Hedged High Income Portfolio. (44)
     
(d)(40) Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between James Alpha Advisors, LLC and Concise Capital Management, LP respect to the James Alpha Hedged High Income Portfolio. (44)
     
(d)(41) Operating Expense Limitation Agreement between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Hedged High Income Portfolio, and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (44)
     
(d)(42) Investment Management Agreement between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha EHS Portfolio (formerly named James Alpha Equity Hedge Portfolio), and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (47)
     
(d)(43) Investment Management Agreement between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Event Driven Portfolio, and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (47)
     
(d)(44) Investment Management Agreement between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Total Hedge Portfolio, and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (47)
     
(d)(45) Investment Management Agreement between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Relative Value Portfolio, and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (47)
     
(d)(46) Operating Expense Limitation Agreement, between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha EHS Portfolio (formerly named James Alpha Equity Hedge Portfolio), and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (47)
     
(d)(47) Operating Expense Limitation Agreement, between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Event Driven Portfolio, and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (47)
     
(d)(48) Operating Expense Limitation Agreement, between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Total Hedge Portfolio, and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (47)
     
(d)(49) Operating Expense Limitation Agreement, between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Relative Value Portfolio, and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (47)
(d)(50) Investment Advisory Agreement between James Alpha Event Driven Cayman Fund Ltd. and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (47)
     
(d)(51) Investment Advisory Agreement between James Alpha Total Hedge Cayman Fund Ltd. and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (47)
     
(d)(52) Investment Advisory Agreement between James Alpha Relative Value Cayman Fund Ltd. and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (47)
     
(d)(53) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Ascent Investment Advisors, LLC and Ranger Global Real Estate Advisors, LLC with respect to the James Alpha Global Real Estate Investments Portfolio. (48)
     
(d)(54)

Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between James Alpha Advisors, LLC and Ranger Global Real Estate Advisors, LLC with respect to the

James Alpha Multi Strategy Alternative Income Portfolio.

(48)
     
(d)(55) Operating Expense Limitation Agreement, between The Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Global Real Estate Investments Portfolio, and James Alpha Advisors, LLC pertaining to Class A, I and C shares. (52)
     
(d)(56) Fee Waiver and Operating Expense Limitation Agreements pertaining to Class S Shares of the James Alpha Portfolios. (51)
     
(d)(57) Fee Waiver Agreement for Class S Shares pertaining to James Alpha Cayman Subsidiaries.   (51)
     
(d)(58) Investment Advisory Agreement between James Alpha Family Office Cayman Fund Ltd. and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (51)
     
(d)(59) Fee Waiver and Operating Expense Limitation Agreement pertaining to Class S Shares of the James Alpha Global Real Estate Investments Portfolio. (52)
     
(d)(60) Assignment and Assumption Agreement between Ascent Investment Advisors, LLC and James Alpha Advisors, LLC with respect to the Investment Management Agreement pertaining to the James Alpha Global Real Estate Investments Portfolio. (52)
     
(d)(61) Assignment and Assumption Agreement between Ascent Investment Advisors, LLC and James Alpha Advisors, LLC with respect to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement pertaining to the James Alpha Global Real Estate Investments Portfolio. (52)
     
(d)(62) Investment Advisory Agreement between James Alpha Advisors, LLC and Coherence Capital Partners LLC with respect to the James Alpha Hedged High Income Portfolio. (53)
     
(d)(63) Investment Management Agreement between the Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the Aggressive Balanced Allocation Portfolio, and Saratoga Capital Management, LLC. (54)
(d)(64) Investment Management Agreement between the Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the Conservative Balanced Allocation Portfolio, and Saratoga Capital Management, LLC. (54)
     
(d)(65) Investment Management Agreement between the Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the Moderate Balanced Allocation Portfolio, and Saratoga Capital Management, LLC. (54)
     
(d)(66) Investment Management Agreement between the Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the Moderately Aggressive Balanced Allocation Portfolio, and Saratoga Capital Management, LLC. (54)
     
(d)(67) Investment Management Agreement between the Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the Moderately Conservative Balanced Allocation Portfolio, and Saratoga Capital Management, LLC. (54)
     
(d)(68) Operating Expense Limitation Agreement between the Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the Conservative Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderately Conservative Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderate Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderately Aggressive Balanced Allocation Portfolio and Aggressive Balanced Allocation Portfolio, and Saratoga Capital Management, LLC. (54)
     
(d)(69) Form of Investment Management Agreement between the Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Momentum Portfolio, and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (56)
     
(d)(70) Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between James Alpha Advisors, LLC and NWM Fund Group, LLC pertaining to the James Alpha Momentum Portfolio. (59)
     
(d)(71) Form of Operating Expense Limitation Agreement pertaining to Class A, I and C Shares of the James Alpha Momentum Portfolio. (59)
     
(d)(72) Form of Fee Waiver and Operating Expense Limitation Agreement pertaining to Class S Shares of the James Alpha Momentum Portfolio. (59)
     
(d)(73) Form of Sub-Expense Limitation Agreement pertaining to Class S Shares of the James Alpha Momentum Portfolio. (56)
     
(d)(74) Form of Marketing and Distribution Support Agreement between James Alpha Advisors, LLC and NWM Fund Group, LLC pertaining to the James Alpha Momentum Portfolio. (59)
     
(d)(75) Form of Investment Management Agreement between Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio, and James Alpha Advisors, LLC. Filed herewith
     
(d)(76) Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between the James Alpha Advisors, LLC and Orange Investment Advisors, LLC with respect to the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio. Filed herewith
     
(d)(77) Form of Operating Expense Limitation Agreement pertaining to Class A, I and C Shares of the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio. Filed herewith
     
(d)(78) Form of Fee Waiver and Operating Expense Limitation Agreement pertaining to Class S Shares of the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio. Filed herewith
     
(d)(79) Form of Sub-Expense Limitation Agreement pertaining to Class S Shares of the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio. Filed herewith
     
(d)(80) Form of Marketing and Distribution Support Agreement between James Alpha Advisors, LLC and Orange Investment Advisors, LLC pertaining to the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio. Filed herewith
     
(e)(1) Soliciting Dealer Agreement. (5)
     
(e)(2) Form of Distributor’s Agreement between Saratoga Advantage Trust and Aquarius Fund Distributors, LLC, currently known as Northern Lights Distributors, LLC. (14)
     
(e)(3) Underwriting Agreement between The Saratoga Advantage Trust and Northern Lights Distributors, LLC. (40)
     
(e)(4) Amended Schedule A to Underwriting Agreement with respect to the James Alpha Hedged High Income Portfolio. (44)
     
(e)(5) Amended Schedule A to Underwriting Agreement with respect to the James Alpha EHS Portfolio (formerly named James Alpha Equity Hedge Portfolio), James Alpha Event Driven Portfolio, James Alpha Total Hedge Portfolio and James Alpha Relative Value Portfolio (47)
     
(e)(6) Amended Schedule A to Underwriting Agreement with respect to the Aggressive Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Conservative Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderate Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderately Aggressive Balanced Allocation Portfolio, and Moderately Conservative Balanced Allocation Portfolio. (54)
     
(e)(7) Form of Amended Schedule A to Underwriting Agreement with respect to the James Alpha Momentum Portfolio. (59)
     
(e)(8) Form of Amended Schedule A to Underwriting Agreement with respect to the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio.  To be filed by amendment
     
(f) Not Applicable.
     
(g) Custodian Contract between Saratoga Advantage Trust and The Bank of New York. (9)
     
(g)(1) Amended and Restated Schedule II to Custody Agreement between the Saratoga Advantage Trust and The Bank of New York Mellon, as amended April 12, 2017. (54)
     
(g)(2) Foreign Custody Agreement between Saratoga Advantage Trust and The Bank of New York. (9)
     
(h)(4) Fund Services Agreement between The Saratoga Advantage Trust and Gemini Fund Services, LLC. (35)
     
(h)(4)(1) Amended Appendix IV to Fund Services Agreement. (54)
     
(h)(5) Consent of James Alpha Management for use of the James Alpha name for the James Alpha Global Enhanced Real Return Portfolio and James Alpha Cayman Commodity Fund I Ltd. (27)
     
(h)(6) Consent of James Alpha Management for use of the James Alpha name for the James Alpha Global Real Estate Investments Portfolio. (28)
     
(i)(1) Opinion and consent of counsel as to the legality of the securities being registered, indicating whether they will when sold be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable. (1)
     
(i)(2) Opinion and consent of counsel as to the Portfolios’ Class A shares. (18)
     
(i)(3) Opinion and consent of counsel as to the James Alpha Global Enhanced Real Return Portfolio and James Alpha Global Real Estate Investments Portfolio. (31)
     
(i)(4) Opinion and consent of counsel as to the James Alpha Multi Strategy Alternative Income Portfolio. (35)
     
(i)(5) Opinion and consent of counsel as to the James Alpha Yorkville MLP Portfolio. (38)
     
(i)(6) Opinion and consent of counsel as to the James Alpha Managed Risk Domestic Equity Portfolio, James Alpha Managed Risk Emerging Markets Equity Portfolio and James Alpha Family Office Portfolio. (40)
     
(i)(7) Opinion and consent of counsel as to the James Alpha Hedged High Income Portfolio. (44)
     
(i)(8) Opinion and consent of counsel as to the James Alpha EHS Portfolio (formerly named James Alpha Equity Hedge Portfolio), James Alpha Event Driven Portfolio, James Alpha Total Hedge Portfolio and James Alpha Relative Value Portfolio. (47)
     
(i)(9) Opinion and consent of counsel as to the Conservative Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderately Conservative Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderate Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderately Aggressive Balanced Allocation Portfolio and Aggressive Balanced Allocation Portfolio. (54)
     
(i)(10) Opinion and consent of counsel as to the James Alpha Momentum Portfolio. (59)
     
(i)(11) Opinion and consent of counsel as to the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio. To be filed by amendment
     
(j)(1) Consent of Tait, Weller & Baker LLP, Independent Registered Public Accountants. To be filed by amendment
     

(j)(2)

 

Opinion and consent of Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP, supporting the tax matters and consequences to shareholders.

(29)

 

     
(j)(3) Consent of Ernst & Young, LLP. (29)
     
(j)(4) Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. (10)
     
(j)(5) Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, Independent Registered Public Accountants. (45)
     
(j)(6) Consent of Cohen & Company Ltd., Independent Registered Public Accountants. (59)
     
(k) Not Applicable.  
     
(l) Agreement relating to initial capital. (1)
     
(m)(2) Distribution Plan relating to Class C shares. (7)
     
(m)(3) Amendment to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan relating to Class C shares. (40)
     
(m)(4) Amendment to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan relating to the James Alpha Hedged High Income Portfolio’s Class C Shares. (44)
     
(m)(5) Amendment to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan relating to the Class C Shares of the James Alpha EHS Portfolio (formerly named James Alpha Equity Hedge Portfolio), James Alpha Event Driven Portfolio, James Alpha Total Hedge Portfolio and the James Alpha Relative Value Portfolio. (47)
     
(m)(6) Amendment to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan relating to the Class C Shares of the Conservative Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderately Conservative Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderate Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderately Aggressive Balanced Allocation Portfolio and Aggressive Balanced Allocation Portfolio. (54)
     
(m)(7) Form of Amendment to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan relating to the Class C Shares of the James Alpha Momentum Portfolio. (59)
     
(m)(8) Amended and Restated Distribution Plan relating to Class A shares. (26)
     
(m)(9) Amended and Restated Distribution Plan relating to James Alpha Global Real Estate Investments Portfolio’s Class A shares. (28)
     
(m)(10) Amendment to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan relating to Class A Shares. (40)
     
(m)(11) Amendment to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan relating to the James Alpha Hedged High Income Portfolio’s Class A Shares. (44)
     

(m)(12)

 

Amendment to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan relating to the Class A Shares of the James Alpha EHS Portfolio (formerly named James Alpha Equity Hedge Portfolio), James Alpha Event Driven Portfolio, James Alpha Total Hedge Portfolio and the James Alpha Relative Value Portfolio. (47)
     
(m)(13) Amendment to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan relating to the Class A Shares of the Conservative Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderately Conservative Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderate Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderately Aggressive Balanced Allocation Portfolio and Aggressive Balanced Allocation Portfolio. (54)
     
(m)(14) Form of Amendment to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan relating to the Class A Shares of the James Alpha Momentum Portfolio. (59)
     
(m)(15) Distribution Plan relating to Class I shares. (26)
     
(m)(16)

Form of Amendment to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan relating to the Class A Shares of the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio.

To be filed by amendment
     
(m)(17) Form of Amendment to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan relating to the Class C Shares of the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio. To be filed by amendment
     
(n) (1) Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan. (26)
     
(n)(2) Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan to add James Alpha Global Real Estate Investments Portfolio (now known as James Alpha Macro Portfolio). (28)
     
(n)(3) Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan with respect to the James Alpha Hedged High Income Portfolio. (44)
     
(n) (4) Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan with respect to the James Alpha EHS Portfolio (formerly named James Alpha Equity Hedge Portfolio), James Alpha Event Driven Portfolio, James Alpha Total Hedge Portfolio and James Alpha Relative Value Portfolio. (46)
     
(n)(5) Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan with respect to Class S Shares of the James Alpha Portfolios. (51)
     
(n)(6) Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan with respect to the Conservative Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderately Conservative Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderate Balanced Allocation Portfolio, Moderately Aggressive Balanced Allocation Portfolio and Aggressive Balanced Allocation Portfolio. (54)
     
(n)(7) Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan with respect to the James Alpha Momentum Portfolio. (59)
     
(n)(8)

Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan with respect to the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio.

To be filed by amendment
     
(p)(1) Code of Ethics of Registrant and Saratoga Capital Management, LLC. (54)
     
(p)(2) Revised Code of Ethics of Oak Associates, ltd. (22)
     
(p)(3) Code of Ethics of  Dunham & Associates Investment Counsel, Inc. (24)
     
(p)(4) Code of Ethics of NorthStar Financial Services Group, LLC (parent company of Northern Lights Distributors, LLC). (23)
     
(p)(5) Revised Code of Ethics of Vaughan Nelson Investment Management, L.P. (30)
     
(p)(6) Code of Ethics of M.D. Sass Investors Services, Inc. (22)
     
(p)(7) Code of Ethics of Bullseye Asset Management LLC. (35)
     
(p)(8) Code of Ethics of Yorkville Capital Management LLC. (35)
     
(p)(9) Code of Ethics of EAB Investment Group, LLC. (39)
     
(p)(10) Code of Ethics of Kellner Private Fund Management, LP. (40)
     
(p)(11) Code of Ethics of Zacks Investment Management, Inc. (41)
     
(p)(12) Code of Ethics of Smith Group Asset Management. (42)
     
(p)(13) Code of Ethics of James Alpha Advisors, LLC. (44)
     
(p)(14) Code of Ethics of Amundi Smith Breeden LLC. (44)
     
(p)(15) Code of Ethics of Concise Capital Management, LP. (44)
     
(p)(16) Code of Ethics of Ranger Global Real Estate Advisors, LLC. (48)
     
(p)(17) Code of Ethics of Coherence Capital Partners LLC. (53)
     
(p)(18) Code of Ethics of NWM Fund Group, LLC. (59)
     
(p)(19) Code of Ethics of Orange Investment Advisors, LLC. To be filed by amendment
   
      Other Exhibits:  
   
Powers of Attorney of Messrs. McCollough, Koopmann and Seal. (3)
   
Powers of Attorney of Messrs. Blundin and Hamrick. (11)

 

 

1.Filed with Post-effective Amendment No. 1 on May 5, 1995 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

2.Filed with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 on March 7, 1997 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

3.Filed with Post-effective Amendment No. 5 on November 3, 1997 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

4.Filed with Post-effective Amendment No. 6 on November 3, 1998 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

5.Filed with Post-effective Amendment No. 8 on December 30, 1999 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

6.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 on December 22, 2000 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

7.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 on December 31, 2001 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

8.Filed with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 on November 13, 2002 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-14, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

9.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 12 on December 31, 2002 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

10.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 on January 16, 2003 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

11.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 on August 27, 2003 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

12.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 on September 2, 2003 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

13.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 on October 31, 2003 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

14.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 on October 28, 2004 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

15.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 on April 28, 2005 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

16.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 on November 28, 2005 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

17.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 23 on December 2, 2005 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

18.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 24 on January 31, 2006 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

19.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 on December 29, 2006 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

20.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 on December 28, 2007 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

21.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 on January 31, 2008 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

22.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 on December 31, 2008 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

23.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 30 on December 29, 2009 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

24.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 on October 7, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

25.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 on December 30, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

26.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 on January 14, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

27.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 36 on January 31, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

28.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 on June 27, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-14, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

29.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on August 1, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

30.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 on October 28, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

31.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 on December 27, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

32.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 on December 28, 2012 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

33.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 47 on December 20, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

34.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 on May 22, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

35.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 on September 9, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

36.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 on December 30, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

37.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 on December 31, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

38.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 62 on March 31, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

39.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 on April 10, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

40.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 on June 24, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

41.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 on October 30, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

42.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 68 on December 24, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

43.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 70 on March 11, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

44.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 on May 27, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

45.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 76 on July 18, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

46.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 78 on August 5, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

47.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 81 on December 1, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

48.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 on December 28, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

49.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 85 on March 28, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

50.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 86 on March 30, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

51.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 on May 31, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

52.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 on October 12, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

53.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 on October 27, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

54.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 96 on December 28, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

55.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 98 on December 29, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

56.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 100 on January 3, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

57.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 108 on March 29, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

58.Filed on April 2, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-14, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

59.Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 110 on April 12, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

Item 29. PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH REGISTRANT.

 

James Alpha Macro Portfolio (fka James Alpha Global Enhanced Real Return Portfolio), a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls James Alpha Cayman Commodity Fund I Ltd. (the “Subsidiary”), a company organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the James Alpha Macro Portfolio’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders.

James Alpha Event Driven Portfolio, a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls James Alpha Event Driven Cayman Fund Ltd. (the “Subsidiary”), a company organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the James Alpha Event Driven Portfolio’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders.

James Alpha Total Hedge Portfolio, a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls James Alpha Total Hedge Cayman Fund Ltd. (the “Subsidiary”), a company organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the James Alpha Total Hedge Portfolio’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders.

James Alpha Relative Value Portfolio, a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls James Alpha Relative Value Cayman Fund Ltd. (the “Subsidiary”), a company organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the James Alpha Relative Value Portfolio’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders.

James Alpha Family Office Portfolio, a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls James Alpha Family Office Cayman Fund Ltd. (the “Subsidiary”), a company organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the James Alpha Family Office Portfolio’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders.

Item 30. INDEMNIFICATION.

 

     See Article VI of the Registrant's Agreement and Declaration of Trust.

 

     A determination that a trustee or officer is entitled to indemnification may be made by a reasonable determination, based upon a review of the facts, that the person was not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct (as defined in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust) by (a) a vote of a majority of a quorum of Trustees who are neither interested persons of the Trust (as defined under the Investment Company Act of 1940) nor parties to the proceeding or (b) an independent legal counsel in a written opinion. Expenses including counsel and accountants fees (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines or penalties) may be advanced pending final disposition of the proceeding provided that the officer or trustee shall have undertaken to repay the amounts to the Trust if it is ultimately determined that indemnification is not authorized under the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and (i) such person shall have provided security for such undertaking, (ii) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances or (iii) a majority of a quorum of disinterested Trustees who are not party to the proceeding, or an independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall have determined based on review of readily available facts that there is reason to believe that the officer or trustee ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”), may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

  

Item 31. BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF INVESTMENT ADVISERS.

 

     See "Management of the Trust" in the Prospectus and "Investment Advisory Services" in the Statement of Additional Information regarding the business of the investment advisers. For information as to the business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature of each of the officers and directors of the investment advisers, reference is made to the Form ADV of CLS Investments, LLC, File No. 801-57265, the Form ADV of Vaughan Nelson Investment Management, L.P., File No. 801-51795, the Form ADV of Oak Associates, ltd., File No. 801-23632, the Form ADV of M.D. Sass Investors Services, Inc., File No. 801-8663, the Form ADV of Yorkville Capital Management, LLC, File No. 801-67050, the Form ADV of Bullseye Asset Management LLC, File No. 801-79982, the Form ADV of Kellner Private Fund Management, LP, File No. 801-78189, the Form ADV of EAB Investment Group, LLC, File No. 801-96306, , the Form ADV of Zacks Investment Management, Inc., File No. 801-40592, the Form ADV of James Alpha Advisors, LLC, No. 801-106805, the Form ADV of Smith Group Asset Management, File No. 801-50835, the Form ADV of Amundi Smith Breeden LLC, File No. 801-78776, the Form ADV of Concise Capital Management, LP, File No. 801-68737, the Form ADV of Ranger Global Real Estate Advisors, LLC, File No. 801-108081, the Form ADV of Coherence Capital Partners LLC, File No. 801-76577, the Form of ADV of NWM Fund Group, LLC, File No. 801-79128, the Form ADV of Saratoga Capital Management, LLC, File No. 801-46534 and the Form ADV of Orange Investment Advisers, LLC, File No. 801-111976 filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and Schedules D and F thereto, incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement.

 

Item 32. PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITERS.

 

Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (“NLD”), the principal underwriter of the Registrant, also acts as principal underwriter for the following:

AdvisorOne Funds, Arrow DWA Tactical ETF, Arrow Reserve Capital Management ETF, Arrow Dogs of the World ETF, Arrow DWA Country Rotation ETF, each a series of Arrow Investment Trust, Centerstone Investors Trust, Copeland Trust, Equinox Funds Trust, Forethought Variable Insurance Trust, Miller Investment Trust, Mutual Fund and Variable Insurance Trust, The Multi-Strategy Growth & Income Fund, Mutual Fund Series Trust, Neiman Funds, Nile Capital Investment Trust, Northern Lights Fund Trust, Northern Lights Fund Trust II, Northern Lights Fund Trust III, Northern Lights Variable Trust, Northern Lights Fund Trust IV, OCM Mutual Fund, North Country Funds, PREDEX, Tributary Funds, Inc., Two Roads Shared Trust and Vertical Capital Income Fund.

 

(b) NLD is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as a broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”). The principal business address of NLD is 17605 Wright, Omaha, Nebraska 68137. NLD is an affiliate of Gemini Fund Services, LLC. To the best of Registrant’s knowledge, the following are the members and officers of NLD:

Name

Positions and Offices

with Underwriter

Positions and Offices

with the Fund

Brian Nielsen Manager, CEO, Secretary None
Bill Wostoupal President None
Daniel Applegarth Treasurer and Financial Operations Principal None
Michael Nielsen Chief Compliance Officer and AML Compliance Officer None
Bill Strait General Counsel None

 

(c)       Not Applicable.

Item 33. LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS.

 

Gemini Fund Services, LLC
80 Arkay Drive, Suite 110
Hauppauge, New York 11788


Records required by 31a-1(b) (9) and (b) (10) will be maintained on behalf of the following portfolios by their respective Advisers:

 

Investment Quality Bond Portfolio

Municipal Bond Portfolio

Conservative Balanced Allocation Portfolio

Moderately Conservative Balanced Allocation Portfolio

Moderate Balanced Allocation Portfolio

Moderately Aggressive Balanced Allocation Portfolio

Aggressive Balanced Allocation Portfolio

Saratoga Capital Management, LLC

1616 N. Litchfield Road, Suite 165

Goodyear, Arizona 85395

   
Small Capitalization Portfolio

Zacks Investment Management, Inc.

One South Wacker Drive, Suite 2700

Chicago, Illinois 60606

   

Energy & Basic Materials Portfolio

Large Capitalization Growth Portfolio

Financial Services Portfolio

International Equity Portfolio

Smith Group Asset Management

100 Crescent Court, Suite 1150

Dallas, Texas 75201

   
U.S. Government Money Market Portfolio

CLS Investments, LLC

17605 Wright Street, Suite 2

Omaha, Nebraska 68130

   
Mid Capitalization Portfolio

Vaughan Nelson Investment Management, L.P.

600 Travis, Suite 6300

Houston, Texas 77002-3071

   

Technology & Communications Portfolio

Health & Biotechnology Portfolio

Oak Associates, ltd.

3875 Embassy Parkway, Suite 250

Akron, Ohio 44333-8355

   
Large Capitalization Value Portfolio

M.D. Sass Investors Services, Inc

1185 Avenue of the Americas

New York, New York 10036-2699

   
James Alpha Macro Portfolio

James Alpha Advisors, LLC

515 Madison Avenue, 24th Fl.

New York, New York 10022

   
James Alpha Global Real Estate Investments Portfolio

James Alpha Advisors, LLC

515 Madison Avenue, 24th Fl.

New York, New York 10022

 

Ranger Global Real Estate Advisors, LLC

415 Madison Avenue, 14th Fl.

New York, New York 10017

   
James Alpha Multi Strategy Alternative Income Portfolio

James Alpha Advisors, LLC

515 Madison Avenue, 24th Fl.

New York, New York 10022

 

Ranger Global Real Estate Advisors, LLC

415 Madison Avenue, 14th Fl.

New York, New York 10017

 

Bullseye Asset Management LLC

8055 East Tufts Avenue, Suite 720

Denver, Colorado 80237

 

Kellner Private Fund Management, LP

900 3rd Avenue, Suite 1401

New York, New York 10022

 

Yorkville Capital Management LLC

405 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10022

 

Coherence Capital Partners LLC

515 Madison Avenue, 24th Fl.

New York, New York 10014

   
James Alpha Yorkville MLP Portfolio

James Alpha Advisors, LLC

515 Madison Avenue, 24th Fl.

New York, New York 10022

 

Yorkville Capital Management LLC

405 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10022

   

James Alpha Managed Risk Domestic Equity Portfolio

James Alpha Managed Risk Emerging Markets Equity Portfolio

 

James Alpha Advisors, LLC

515 Madison Avenue, 24th Fl.

New York, New York 10022

 

EAB Investment Group, LLC

103 Carnegie Center, Suite 300

Princeton, New Jersey 08540

   

James Alpha Family Office Portfolio

James Alpha EHS Portfolio

James Alpha Event Driven Portfolio

James Alpha Total Hedge Portfolio

James Alpha Relative Value Portfolio

James Alpha Advisors, LLC

515 Madison Avenue, 24th Fl.

New York, New York 10022

   
James Alpha Hedged High Income Portfolio

James Alpha Advisors, LLC

515 Madison Avenue, 24th Fl.

New York, New York 10022

 

Concise Capital Management, LP

1111 Brickell Avenue, Suite 1525

Miami, Florida 33131

 

Amundi Smith Breeden LLC

280 South Mangum Street, Suite 301

Durham, North Carolina 27701

 

Coherence Capital Partners LLC

515 Madison Avenue, 24th Fl.

New York, New York 10014

James Alpha Momentum Portfolio

James Alpha Advisors, LLC

515 Madison Avenue, 24th Fl.

New York, New York 10022

 

NWM Fund Group, LLC

1836 Second Street

Napa, California 94559

James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio

James Alpha Advisors, LLC

515 Madison Avenue, 24th Fl.

New York, New York 10022

 

Orange Investment Advisers, LLC

243 W. Park Avenue, Suite 201

Winter Park, Florida 32789

 

Item 34. MANAGEMENT SERVICES.

 

     Not Applicable.

Item 35. UNDERTAKINGS.

 

Not Applicable.

 

 
 

 

 

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this amendment to its registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the city of Goodyear, and State of Arizona, on the 17th day of April, 2018.

 

THE SARATOGA ADVANTAGE TRUST

 

By: /s/ Bruce E. Ventimiglia                 President, CEO and Chairman of the Board of Trustees

Bruce E. Ventimiglia                     Title

 

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this amendment to the registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.

 

SIGNATURE TITLE DATE

/s/ Bruce E. Ventimiglia

Bruce E. Ventimiglia

Trustee, Chairman of the Board, President and CEO

(principal executive officer)

April 17, 2018

/s/ Jonathan W. Ventimiglia

Jonathan W. Ventimiglia

 

Chief Financial Officer &

Treasurer (principal financial officer & principal accounting officer)

April 17, 2018

/s/ Patrick H. McCollough*

Patrick H. McCollough

 

Trustee April 17, 2018

/s/ Udo W. Koopmann*

Udo W. Koopmann

 

Trustee April 17, 2018

/s/ Floyd E. Seal*

Floyd E. Seal

 

Trustee April 17, 2018

/s/ Stephen H. Hamrick*

Stephen H. Hamrick

 

Trustee April 17, 2018

 

*By:

/s/ Stuart M. Strauss

Stuart M. Strauss, Attorney-in-Fact

 

 

 
 

 

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

 

(d)(75) Form of Investment Management Agreement between Saratoga Advantage Trust, on behalf of the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio, and James Alpha Advisors, LLC
   
(d)(76) Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between the James Alpha Advisors, LLC and Orange Investment Advisors, LLC with respect to the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio
   
(d)(77) Form of Operating Expense Limitation Agreement pertaining to Class A, I and C Shares of the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio
   
(d)(78) Form of Fee Waiver and Operating Expense Limitation Agreement pertaining to Class S Shares of the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio
   
(d)(79) Form of Sub-Expense Limitation Agreement pertaining to Class S Shares of the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio
   
(d)(80) Form of Marketing and Distribution Support Agreement between James Alpha Advisors, LLC and Orange Investment Advisors, LLC pertaining to the James Alpha Structured Credit Value Portfolio