Summary of personnel expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Classes of employee benefits expense [abstract]

Summary of personnel expenses

3.1. Summary of personnel expenses

EURm	2023	2022	2021
Salaries and wages(1)	5 988	6 439	6 191
Pensions and other post- employment benefits
Defined contribution plans	251	241	223
Defined benefit plans(2)	156	193	183
Share-based payments	202	149	118
Social security costs	873	881	826
Total	7 470	7 903	7 541

(1)Includes termination benefits.

(2)Excludes amounts recorded in financial income and expenses, refer to Note 3.4.

Pensions and other post-employment benefits.

	2023	2022	2021
Average number of employees	86 689	86 896	87 927