Pensions and other post-employment benefits - Sensitivity analysis (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Sensitivity analysis
Discount rate (as a percent)	4.40%	4.70%
Discount rate for determining present values
Sensitivity analysis
Discount rate (as a percent)	4.40%	4.70%
Change in assumption (as a percent)	1.00%
Increase in assumption	€ 1,279
Decrease in assumption	€ (1,547)
Pension growth rate
Sensitivity analysis
Discount rate (as a percent)	3.30%	2.20%
Change in assumption (as a percent)	1.00%
Increase in assumption	€ (266)
Decrease in assumption	€ 214
Inflation rate
Sensitivity analysis
Discount rate (as a percent)	2.30%	2.10%
Change in assumption (as a percent)	1.00%
Increase in assumption	€ (294)
Decrease in assumption	270
Life expectancy
Sensitivity analysis
Increase in assumption	(626)
Decrease in assumption	€ 587
Change in life expectancy actuarial assumption	1 year
Life expectancy \| Bottom of range
Sensitivity analysis
Life expectancy	87 years	87 years
Life expectancy \| Top of range
Sensitivity analysis
Life expectancy	88 years	89 years

The discount rate used as the significant actuarial assumption to determine the present value of a defined benefit obligation. [Refer: Defined benefit obligation, at present value; Actuarial assumptions [member]]

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The life expectancy after retirement used as a significant actuarial assumption to determine the present value of a defined benefit obligation. [Refer: Defined benefit obligation, at present value; Actuarial assumptions [member]]

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The increase (decrease) in a defined benefit obligation that would have been caused by a decrease in a significant actuarial assumption that was reasonably possible at the end of the reporting period. [Refer: Actuarial assumptions [member]]

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Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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The increase (decrease) in a defined benefit obligation that would have been caused by an increase in a significant actuarial assumption that was reasonably possible at the end of the reporting period. [Refer: Actuarial assumptions [member]]

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The reasonably possible percentage of the increase in the actuarial assumption used to determine the present value of defined benefit obligation. [Refer: Actuarial assumptions [member]]

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The change in life expectancy after retirement used as a significant actuarial assumption to determine the present value of a defined benefit obligation.

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