The Amended and Restated 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (“2015 Equity Plan”) was adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors on December 6, 2016 and approved by the Company’s stockholders on March 14, 2017. The 2015 Equity Plan was amended by the Company’s Board of Directors on December 8, 2020, to increase the number of shares authorized for issuance from 5,000,000 to 10,000,000. On March 16, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the plan amendment. The 2015 Equity Plan authorizes the issuance of stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance awards, to an aggregate of 10,000,000 new shares of common stock to employees, directors, advisors or consultants. As of December 31, 2024, there were options and restricted stock units outstanding covering 4,930,591 shares of common stock under the 2015 Equity Plan, respectively, and 977,715 shares of common stock available for grant, for a total of 5,908,306 shares of common stock authorized and unissued under the equity plans.

The Company’s employee stock options have various restrictions that reduce option value, including vesting provisions and restrictions on transfer and hedging, among others, and are often exercised prior to their contractual maturity. Share-based compensation is accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 718: Compensation - Stock Compensation. Total compensation expense for all share-based awards is based on the estimated fair market value of the equity instrument issued on the grant date. For share-based awards that vest based solely on a service condition, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the total requisite service period for the entire award. For share-based awards that vest based on a market condition, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of each separately vesting tranche. For share-based awards that vest based on a performance condition, compensation expense is recognized for the number of awards that are expected to vest based on the probable outcome of the performance condition. Compensation cost for these awards will be adjusted to reflect the number of awards that ultimately vest.

A summary of the activity in options of the Company as of December 31, 2024, is presented below:


	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding September 30, 2024		3,695,740		$	2.84
Granted		968,250		$	2.79
Forfeited/expired		(3,125	)	$	3.09
Exercised		(667	)	$	1.70
Outstanding December 31, 2024		4,660,198		$	2.83
Exercisable December 31, 2024		1,568,103		$	3.25

The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2024 was $726 and $214, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last day of trading for the quarter, which was $2.60 per share, and the exercise price multiplied by the number of applicable options. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three months ended December 31, 2024 was $1 and proceeds from these exercises was $1. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three months ended December 31, 2023 was $0 and proceeds from these exercises was $0.

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2024:


Range of Exercise Prices	Number Outstanding		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Number Exercisable		Weighted Average Exercise Price
$1.70-$2.59		1,599,833		6.43	$	2.15		237,352	$	1.70
$2.64-$2.70		1,538,000		5.36	$	2.69		379,959	$	2.69
$3.09-$3.55		1,235,365		3.96	$	3.37		674,605	$	3.37
$3.95-$6.87		287,000		1.17	$	5.06		276,187	$	5.07
		4,660,198		5.10	$	2.83		1,568,103	$	3.25

The Company recorded $242 and $218 of stock option compensation expense for employees, directors and consultants for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, there was approximately $2,400 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to outstanding employee stock options. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.0 years. To the extent the forfeiture rate is different from what the Company anticipated, stock-based compensation related to these awards will be different from the Company’s expectations.

Stock options that do not contain market-based vesting conditions are valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted average estimated fair value of employee stock options granted during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions (annualized percentages):


	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2024			2023
Volatility		60.7	%		57.8	%
Risk-free interest rate		4.1	%		4.3	%
Dividend yield		0.0	%		0.0	%
Expected term in years		3.6			4.2

Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over the period commensurate with the expected term of the options. The risk-free interest rate is based on rates published by the Federal Reserve Board. The contractual term of the options was seven years. The expected term is based on observed and expected time to post-vesting exercise. The expected forfeiture rate is based on past experience and employee retention data. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of the grant and revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Such revision adjustments to expense will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period in which the estimate is changed. The Company has not paid a dividend for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and did not pay a dividend for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

On October 8, 2022, the Company awarded performance-based stock options (PVOs) to purchase 800,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to a key executive, with a contractual term of seven years. Vesting is based upon the achievement of certain performance criteria for each of fiscal 2025 and 2026, including a minimum free cash flow margin and net revenue targets. Additionally, vesting is subject to the executive being employed by the Company at the time the Company achieves such financial targets. The Company has not recorded compensation expense related to these options.

On March 20, 2023, the Company granted PVOs to purchase up to 450,000 shares of the Company’s stock to a key member of management with a contractual term of seven years. Vesting is based upon the achievement of certain performance criteria for each of the first three twelve-month periods following the employee’s start date, including targets related to growth in the institutional ownership of the Company’s common stock and growth in the trading volume of the Company’s common stock during such periods. Additionally, vesting is subject to the employee being employed by the Company on each of the first three anniversaries of the employee’s start date. 225,000 of these options contain a market-based vesting condition and accounting principles do not require the market condition to be achieved for compensation expense to be recognized. The Company recorded $3 and $62 of compensation expense related to these options during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company did not grant any PVOs during the three months ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, there was no unrecognized compensation related to PVOs.

Compensation expense for RSUs was $149 and $228 for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, there was approximately $301 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to outstanding RSUs. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.7 years.

A summary of the Company’s RSUs as of December 31, 2024, is presented below:


	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding September 30, 2024		288,059		$	2.78
Granted		10,000		$	2.59
Vested		(27,666	)	$	2.51
Forfeited/cancelled		—		$	—
Outstanding December 31, 2024		270,393		$	2.70

The Company recorded share-based compensation expense and classified it in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows:


	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Cost of revenues	$	17	$	39
Selling, general and administrative		326		380
Research and development		48		27
	$	391	$	446