10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period endedSeptember 30, 2017

OR

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from_____________to_____________

Commissionfile number 001-36583

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)  

Delaware	94-3021850
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
32000 Aurora Road, Suite B, Solon, OH
(Address of principal executive offices)
44139
(Zip Code)
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code): (440) 715-1300
None
(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, If Changed Since Last Report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☑    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes ☑    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ (do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company ☑
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐    No ☑

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, as of November 6, 2017 was 11,856,843.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
			Page
ITEM 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
	a.	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (Unaudited)	4
	b.	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (Unaudited)	5
	c.	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (Unaudited)	6
	d.	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (Unaudited)	7
	e.	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (Unaudited)	8
	f.	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	10
ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS		21
ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES		29
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS		30
ITEM 6.	EXHIBITS		30
	SIGNATURES		31
	EXHIBIT INDEX		32

1

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Forward-looking statements

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to “Energy Focus,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company,” or “the Company” refer to Energy Focus, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiary, and their respective predecessor entities for the applicable periods, considered as a single enterprise.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) includes statements that express our opinions, expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or projections regarding future events or future results and therefore are, or may be deemed to be, “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “feels,” “seeks,” “forecasts,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could” or “would” or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include all matters that are not historical facts. They appear in a number of places throughout this Quarterly Report and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs, or current expectations concerning, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth, strategies, capital expenditures, and the industry in which we operate.

By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. Although we base these forward-looking statements on assumptions that we believe are reasonable when made, we caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and industry developments may differ materially from statements made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and industry developments are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods.

We believe that important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties outlined under “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report and other matters described in this Quarterly Report generally. Some of these factors include:

• our history of operating losses and our ability to generate sufficient cash from operations or receive sufficient financing, on acceptable terms, to continue our operations;

• our reliance on a limited number of customers, in particular our historical sales of products for the U.S. Navy, for a significant portion of our revenue, and our ability to maintain or grow such sales levels;

• the entrance of new competitors in our target markets;

• general economic conditions in the United States and in other markets in which we operate or secure products;

• our ability to implement and manage our growth plans to increase sales and control expenses;

• our ability to increase demand in our targeted markets and to manage sales cycles that are difficult to predict and may span several quarters;

• the timing of large customer orders and significant expenses, and fluctuations between demand and capacity, as we invest in growth opportunities;

• our dependence on military maritime customers and on the levels of government funding available to such customers, as well as the funding resources of our other customers in the public sector and commercial markets;

• market acceptance of LED lighting technology;

• our ability to respond to new lighting technologies and market trends, and fulfill our warranty obligations with safe and reliable products;

• any delays we may encounter in making new products available or fulfilling customer specifications;

• our ability to compete effectively against companies with greater resources, lower cost structures, or more rapid development efforts;

• our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and other confidential information, and manage infringement claims by others;

• the impact of any type of legal inquiry, claim, or dispute;

2

• our reliance on a limited number of third-party suppliers, our ability to obtain critical components and finished products from such suppliers on acceptable terms, and the impact of our fluctuating demand on the stability of such suppliers;

• our ability to timely and efficiently transport products from our third-party suppliers to our facility by ocean marine channels;

• our ability to successfully scale our network of sales representatives, agents, and distributors to match the sales reach of larger, established competitors;

• any flaws or defects in our products or in the manner in which they are used or installed;

• our compliance with government contracting laws and regulations, through both direct and indirect sale channels, as well as other laws, such as those relating to the environment and health and safety;

• risks inherent in international markets, such as economic and political uncertainty, changing regulatory and tax requirements and currency fluctuations;

• our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, and to do so in a timely manner; and

• our ability to maintain effective internal controls and otherwise comply with our obligations as a public company.

In light of the foregoing, we caution you not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement that we make in this Quarterly Report speaks only as of the date of such statement, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or to publicly announce the results of any revision to any of those statements to reflect future events or developments. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends or indications of future performance, unless specifically expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data.

Energy Focus® is our registered trademark. We may also refer to trademarks of other corporations and organizations in this document.

3

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands,except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	11,935		$	16,629
Trade accounts receivable, less allowances of $73 and $236, respectively	2,983			5,640
Inventories, net	6,779			9,469
Prepaid and other current assets	1,046			882
Assets held for sale	410			—
Total current assets	23,153			32,620
Property and equipment, net	1,352			2,325
Other assets	30			33
Total assets	$	24,535		$	34,978
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,176		$	3,257
Accrued liabilities	316			107
Accrued legal and professional fees	64			63
Accrued payroll and related benefits	313			522
Accrued sales commissions	85			325
Accrued severance	14			328
Accrued restructuring	174			—
Accrued warranty reserve	187			331
Deferred revenue	16			—
Total current liabilities	3,345			4,933
Other liabilities	248			107
Total liabilities	3,593			5,040
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share:
Authorized: 2,000,000 shares in 2017 and 2016
Issued and outstanding: no shares in 2017 and 2016	—			—
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share:
Authorized: 30,000,000 shares in 2017 and 2016
Issued and outstanding: 11,856,843 at September 30, 2017 and 11,710,549 at December 31, 2016	1			1
Additional paid-in capital	127,286			126,875
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	1			(1		)
Accumulated deficit	(106,346		)	(96,937		)
Total stockholders' equity	20,942			29,938
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	24,535		$	34,978

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net sales	$	5,002		$	8,261		$	15,119		$	23,812
Cost of sales	3,865			5,179			11,920			15,063
Gross profit	1,137			3,082			3,199			8,749
Operating expenses:
Product development	732			809			2,266			2,467
Selling, general, and administrative	2,393			5,423			8,802			15,323
Restructuring	(200		)	—			1,534			—
Total operating expenses	2,925			6,232			12,602			17,790
Loss from operations	(1,788		)	(3,150		)	(9,403		)	(9,041		)
Other expenses (income):
Interest expense	1			—			1			—
Other (income) expense	(16		)	16			5			7
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes	(1,773		)	(3,166		)	(9,409		)	(9,048		)
Provision for income taxes	—			11			—			22
Loss from continuing operations	(1,773		)	(3,177		)	(9,409		)	(9,070		)
Discontinued operations:
Loss on disposal of discontinued operations	—			—			—			(12		)
Loss from discontinued operations	—			—			—			(12		)
Net loss	$	(1,773	)	$	(3,177	)	$	(9,409	)	$	(9,082	)
Net loss per share - basic:
From continuing operations	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.27	)	$	(0.80	)	$	(0.78	)
From discontinued operations	—			—			—			—
Net loss per share - basic:	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.27	)	$	(0.80	)	$	(0.78	)
Net loss per share - diluted:
From continuing operations	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.27	)	$	(0.80	)	$	(0.78	)
From discontinued operations	—			—			—			—
Net loss per share - diluted:	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.27	)	$	(0.80	)	$	(0.78	)
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per share:
Basic	11,856			11,690			11,789			11,666
Diluted	11,856			11,690			11,789			11,666

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net loss	$	(1,773	)	$	(3,177	)	$	(9,409	)	$	(9,082	)
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—			1			2			2
Comprehensive loss	$	(1,773	)	$	(3,176	)	$	(9,407	)	$	(9,080	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 

6

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Accumulated Deficit			Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares		Amount
Balance at December 31, 2016	11,711		$	1	$	126,875		$	(1	)	$	(96,937	)	$	29,938
Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans	161				105									105
Common stock withheld in lieu of income tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock units	(15	)			(49		)							(49		)
Stock-based compensation					625									625
Stock-based compensation reversal					(270		)							(270		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment								2						2
Net loss from continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017											(9,409		)	(9,409		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	11,857		$	1	$	127,286		$	1		$	(106,346	)	$	20,942

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OFCASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(9,409	)	$	(9,082	)
Loss from discontinued operations	—			(12		)
Loss from continuing operations	(9,409		)	(9,070		)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	514			555
Stock-based compensation	625			1,076
Stock-based compensation reversal	(270		)	—
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable	19			9
Provision for slow-moving and obsolete inventories and valuation reserves	(644		)	(292		)
Provision for warranties	152			110
Loss on dispositions of property and equipment	108			35
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts Receivable	2,638			5,027
Inventories	3,334			(5,993		)
Prepaid and other assets	(161		)	(308		)
Accounts payable	(1,173		)	(3,945		)
Accrued and other liabilities	(433		)	(761		)
Deferred revenue	16			(93		)
Total adjustments	4,725			(4,580		)
Net cash used in operating activities	(4,684		)	(13,650		)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of property and equipment	(154		)	(1,475		)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment	97			2
Net cash used in investing activities	(57		)	(1,473		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercises of stock options and employee stock purchase plan purchases	105			386
Common stock withheld in lieu of income tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock units	(49		)	—
Common stock withheld to satisfy exercise price and income tax withholding on option exercises	—			(309		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	56			77
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(9		)	5
Net cash used in continuing operations	(4,694		)	(15,041		)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

(continued on the following page)

8

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OFCASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Cash flows of discontinued operations:
Operating cash flows, net	—			(12		)
Net cash used in discontinued operations	—			(12		)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(4,694		)	(15,053		)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	16,629			34,640
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	11,935		$	19,587
Classification of cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	11,593		$	19,245
Restricted cash held	342			342
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	11,935		$	19,587

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1. NATURE OFOPERATIONS

Energy Focus, Inc. and its subsidiary engage in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and sale of energy-efficient lighting systems. We operate in a single industry segment, developing and selling our energy-efficient light-emitting diode (“LED”) lighting products into the general commercial, industrial and military maritime markets. Our goal is to become a trusted leader in the LED lighting retrofit market by replacing fluorescent lamps in institutional buildings and high-intensity discharge (“HID”) lighting in low-bay and high-bay applications with our innovative, high-quality commercial and military tubular LED (“TLED”) products.

Product development is a key focus for us. Our product development teams, including our teams located in our Solon, Ohio headquarters and at our product development center in Taipei, Taiwan, are dedicated to developing and designing leading-edge technology LED lighting products.

NOTE 2.BASIS OF PRESENTATION ANDSUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements (“financial statements”) include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiary Energy Focus Europe, Ltd. located in the United Kingdom, which is not active. Unless indicated otherwise, the information in the accompanying financial statements and Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements relates to our continuing operations.

We have prepared the accompanying financial data for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The accompanying financial data and information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (“2016 Annual Report”). The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2016 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact us in the future, actual results may vary from the estimates. Estimates include, but are not limited to, the establishment of reserves for accounts receivable, sales returns, inventory obsolescence and warranty claims; the useful lives of property and equipment; valuation allowance for net deferred taxes; the cost and offsetting income related to subleased property; and stock-based compensation. In addition, estimates and assumptions associated with the determination of the fair value of financial

10

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

(Unaudited)

instruments and evaluation of long-lived assets for impairment requires considerable judgment. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts related to purchase price and manufacturing variances capitalized in inventories in 2016 and legal fees related to our restructuring actions in 2017 were reclassified to conform to current period reporting presentation with no impact on financial position, loss from operations, or cash used in operations.

Certain risks and concentrations

We have certain customers whose net sales individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net sales, or whose net trade accounts receivable balance individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net trade accounts receivable, as follows:

For the three months ended September 30, 2017, one of the largest global healthcare systems located in Northeast Ohio and a large energy services contracting company in our Southeastern sales region each accounted for approximately 23 percent of net sales. While the last contractually required stocking commitment under our exclusive distributor agreement with Atlantic Diving Supply, Inc. (“ADS”), a distributor for the U.S. Navy, was fulfilled in December 2016, sales to ADS for the three months ended September 30, 2017 accounted for approximately 12 percent of net sales, and when combined with non-exclusive sales to other distributors, sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 20 percent of net sales for the same period. For the three months ended September 30, 2016, ADS accounted for approximately 40 percent of net sales and sales of products to the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 46 percent of net sales. In addition, another distributor of military maritime products to foreign navies accounted for approximately 12 percent of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2016.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio and the energy services contracting company accounted for approximately 17 percent and 12 percent of net sales, respectively. While the last contractually required stocking commitment under our exclusive distributor agreement with ADS was fulfilled in December 2016, sales to ADS accounted for approximately 12 percent of net sales, and when combined with non-exclusive sales to other distributors, sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 18 percent of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, sales to ADS accounted for approximately 32 percent of net sales, and total sales of products for the U.S. Navy of approximately 40 percent of net sales. In addition, the healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 11 percent of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Our exclusive distributor agreement with ADS ended on March 31, 2017 and we are currently evaluating all sales channels within the military maritime market to broaden our sales opportunities.

The energy services contracting company and the global healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 28 percent and 18 percent of net trade accounts receivable, respectively, at September 30, 2017. At December 31, 2016, ADS and the global healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 63 percent and 10 percent of net trade accounts receivable, respectively.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation: Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award would require an entity to apply modification accounting. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In November, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash, which requires entities to show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flow. This standard is

11

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

(Unaudited)

effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The new standard must be adopted retrospectively. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which is intended to reduce diversity in practice by making eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and will require adoption on a retrospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which significantly changes the accounting for credit losses on instruments within its scope. The new guidance introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain financial instruments, including trade receivables, and requires an entity to recognize an allowance based on its estimate of expected credit losses rather than incurred losses. This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and will generally require adoption on a modified retrospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which supersedes the current lease accounting requirements. This standard requires a lessee to record on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. In addition, this standard requires lessees to disclose certain key information about lease transactions. Upon implementation, an entity’s lease payment obligations will be recognized at their estimated present value along with a corresponding right-of-use asset. Lease expense recognition will be generally consistent with current practice. This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and will require adoption on a modified retrospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which amends certain aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. This amendment requires all equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income (other than those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in the consolidation of the investee). This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and will require adoption on a prospective basis with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the beginning balance sheet. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), as amended by ASU 2015-14, 2016-08, 2016-10, 2016-12, and 2016-20, which is a comprehensive revenue recognition standard which supersedes nearly all of the existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. This standard requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration the entity expects for receive in exchange for those goods or services. Entities will need to use more judgments and estimates than under the current guidance, including estimating the amount of variable revenue to recognize for each performance obligation. Additional disclosures regarding the nature, amount, and timing of revenues and cash flows from contracts will also be required. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period, using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach. We will adopt the standard on January 1, 2018, as required, using the modified retrospective approach. We continue to evaluate the impact the guidance in this ASU will have on our disclosures. At this time, we do not expect the guidance to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or financial position, as our revenue arrangements generally consist of a single performance obligation to transfer promised goods.

12

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

(Unaudited)

Update to significant accounting policies

There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies, as compared to those described in our 2016 Annual Report.

Net loss per share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common shares consist of incremental shares upon the exercise or release of stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants, unless the effect would be anti-dilutive.

As a result of the net loss we incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, approximately 28 thousand and 72 thousand potentially dilutive equity awards, respectively, were excluded from the net loss per share calculation, as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. As a result of the net loss we incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, approximately 74 thousand and 150 thousand potentially dilutive equity awards, respectively, were excluded from the net loss per share calculation, as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. Therefore, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the basic weighted average shares outstanding were used in calculating diluted loss per share.

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted net loss per share computations for the periods presented below (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Numerator:
Loss from continuing operations	$	(1,773	)	$	(3,177	)	$	(9,409	)	$	(9,070	)
Loss from discontinued operations	—			—			—			(12		)
Net loss	$	(1,773	)	$	(3,177	)	$	(9,409	)	$	(9,082	)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	11,856			11,690			11,789			11,666
Potential common shares from equity awards and warrants	—			—			—			—
Diluted weighted average shares	11,856			11,690			11,789			11,666

13

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

(Unaudited)

Product warranties

Through March 31, 2016, we warranted finished goods against defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for periods generally between one and five years. Beginning April 1, 2016, we warrant our commercial LED tubes, globes, and troffer luminaires for a period of ten years. Warranty settlement costs consist of actual amounts expensed for warranty, which are largely a result of the cost of replacement products provided to our customers. A liability for the estimated future costs under product warranties is maintained for products outstanding under warranty based on the actual claims incurred to date and the estimated nature, frequency, and costs of future claims. These estimates are inherently uncertain and changes to our historical or projected experience may cause material changes to our warranty reserves in the future. We continuously review the assumptions related to the adequacy of our warranty reserve, including product failure rates, and make adjustments to the existing warranty liability when there are changes to these estimates or the underlying replacement product costs, or the warranty period expires. Extending the warranty did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements in 2016 or for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The following table summarizes warranty activity for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	179		$	298		$	331		$	314
Warranty accruals for current period sales	18			65			152			111
Adjustments to existing warranties	30			(60		)	(36		)	(112		)
In kind settlements made during the period	(40		)	(8		)	(260		)	(18		)
Accrued warranty reserve	$	187		$	295		$	187		$	295

Geographic information

Approximately 98 percent of our long-lived fixed assets are located in the United States, with the remainder located in our product development center in Taiwan. Net sales attributable to customers outside the United States accounted for approximately one percent of our total net sales for each of the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Net sales attributable to customers outside the United States accounted for approximately one percent and two percent of our total net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The geographic location of our net sales is derived from the destination to which we ship the product.

NOTE 3. RESTRUCTURING

During the first quarter of 2017, we announced a restructuring initiative with a goal of significantly reducing annual operating costs from 2016 levels. The initiative included an organizational consolidation of management and oversight functions in order to streamline and better align the organization into more focused, efficient, and cost effective reporting relationships, and involved headcount reductions and office closures. This initiative was designed to return the Company to profitability and mitigate the substantial doubt that existed at December 31, 2016 about our ability to continue as a going concern. The restructuring actions taken in the first nine months of 2017 resulted in a decrease in operating expenses, excluding restructuring and asset impairment charges, of approximately $3.1 million and $6.7 million over the third quarter and first nine months of 2016, respectively.

The actions taken in the first quarter of 2017 included closing our offices in Rochester, Minnesota, New York, New York, and Arlington, Virginia and impacted 20 employees, primarily located in these offices. During the second quarter of 2017, we fully exited the New York and Arlington facilities and took additional actions to improve our operating efficiencies. These actions impacted an additional 17 production and administrative employees in our Solon location.

14

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

(Unaudited)

During the three months ended September 30, 2017 we recorded net restructuring credits totaling approximately $0.2 million, primarily related to a reduction of $0.3 million related to the revision of our initial estimates of the cost and offsetting sublease income for the remaining lease obligations for the former New York, New York office. The sublease agreement was finalized in October 2017. This reduction was partially offset by the reclassification of other expenses primarily for legal costs related to the restructuring actions totaling approximately $0.1 million.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded restructuring charges totaling approximately $1.5 million, consisting of approximately $0.7 million in severance and related benefits, $0.6 million in facilities costs related to the termination of the Rochester lease obligations and the remaining lease obligations for the former New York and Arlington offices, and $0.2 million in other restructuring costs primarily related to fixed asset and prepaid expenses write-offs.

Our restructuring liabilities consist of one-time termination costs for severance and benefits to former employees and estimated ongoing costs related to long-term operating lease obligations. The recorded value of the termination severance and benefits to employees approximates fair value, as the remaining obligation is based on the arrangements made with the former employees, and these obligations will be completely satisfied in less than 12 months. The recorded value of the ongoing lease obligations is based on the remaining lease term and payment amount, net of estimated sublease income, discounted to present value. Changes in subsequent periods resulting from a revision to either the timing or the amount of estimated cash flows over the future period are measured using the credit adjusted, risk-free rate that was used to measure the restructuring liabilities initially. We estimated that we would receive a total of approximately $1.3 million in sublease payments to offset our remaining lease obligations, which extend until June 2021, of approximately $1.8 million. We expect to incur approximately $0.1 million in additional costs over the remaining life of our lease obligations, but we do not anticipate further major restructuring activities in the near future. The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of our restructuring liability:

	Severance and Related Benefits			Facilities			Other			Total
Balance at January 1, 2017	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Additions	643			19			12			674
Payments	(30		)	(19		)	(3		)	(52		)
Balance at March 31, 2017	$	613		$	—		$	9		$	622
Additions	127			811			106			1,044
Accretion of lease obligations	—			16			—			16
Write-offs	—			9			(95		)	(86		)
Payments	(313		)	(69		)	(20		)	(402		)
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	427		$	767		$	—		$	1,194
Additions	$	—		$	—		$	68		$	68
Accretion of lease obligations	$	—		$	8		$	—		$	8
Adjustment of lease obligations	$	—		$	(276	)	$	—		$	(276	)
Write-offs	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Payments	$	(253	)	$	(109	)	$	(68	)	$	(430	)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	174		$	390		$	—		$	564

While the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern continued to exist at September 30, 2017, we had $11.9 million in cash and no debt obligations at the end of the quarter. In addition, the restructuring actions taken in the first nine months of 2017 resulted in a decrease in operating expenses, excluding restructuring and asset impairment charges, of approximately $3.1 million and $6.7 million over the third quarter and first nine months of 2016, respectively. During the first quarter of 2017, we announced a restructuring initiative with the goal of reducing our operating costs by an estimated $10 million from 2016 levels.  The intent of the restructuring strategy was to maximize operating cost reductions without sacrificing either our new product pipeline or potential long-term revenue growth. We continue to refine our cost savings estimate, and are now on track for a total cost reduction between $8.0 million to $9.0 million from the 2016 levels. Consequently, considering

15

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

(Unaudited)

both quantitative and qualitative information, we continue to believe that the combination of our restructuring actions, current financial position, liquid resources, obligations due or anticipated within the next year, executive reorganization, and implementation of our sales channel strategy will return us to profitability in 2018 and effectively mitigates the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

NOTE 4.DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

The loss on disposal of discontinued operations for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2016 of $12 thousand consists of legal fees incurred for the settlement of an outstanding arbitration claim related to our pool products business, which we sold in November 2013. On March 18, 2016, we executed a settlement agreement for this claim and the funds held in escrow plus the interest earned on the account were released to the buyer. For additional information regarding the sale of our pool products business and the settlement of this arbitration claim, please refer to Note 3, “Discontinued Operations,” included under Item 8 of our 2016 Annual Report.

NOTE 5. INVENTORIES

Inventories are stated at the lower of standard cost (which approximates actual cost determined using the first-in, first-out cost method) or market, and consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Raw materials	$	4,263		$	5,049
Finished goods	7,468			10,016
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow moving inventories and valuation reserves	$	(4,952	)	$	(5,596	)
Inventories, net	$	6,779		$	9,469

NOTE6.PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT AND ASSETS HELD FOR SALE

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets and consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Equipment (useful life 3 to 15 years)	$	1,749		$	2,231
Tooling (useful life 2 to 5 years)	371			863
Vehicles (useful life 5 years)	47			39
Furniture and fixtures (useful life 5 years)	137			170
Computer software (useful life 3 years)	1,043			977
Leasehold improvements (the shorter of useful life or lease life)	201			256
Projects in progress	48			154
Property and equipment at cost	3,596			4,690
Less: accumulated depreciation	(2,244		)	(2,365		)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,352		$	2,325

Depreciation expense was $0.2 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Depreciation expense was $0.5 million and $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

As of December 31, 2016, we recorded an impairment charge related to certain equipment that we were no longer using and adjusted the carrying value of this equipment to its estimated net realizable value of $0.4 million. During the first quarter of

16

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

(Unaudited)

2017, we began to seek out a buyer for this equipment, and as such, we reclassified the amount and continue to classify the amount on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets under the caption, “Assets held for sale.”

NOTE 7. INCOME TAXES

The components of the provision for income taxes are shown below for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Current:
U.S. federal	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1
State	—		10		—		21
Provision for income taxes	$	—	$	11	$	—	$	22

As a result of the operating loss incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and the three months ended September 30, 2016, and after the application of the annual limitation set forth under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”), it was not necessary to record a provision for U.S. federal income tax or various states income taxes.The expense recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, represents the adjustment of the 2015 provision to the actual tax on the 2015 returns.

At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had a full valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance was recorded due to uncertainties related to our ability to realize the deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of certain net operating loss carry-forwards. The valuation allowance is based on management’s estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction and the periods over which the deferred tax assets will be recoverable.

At December 31, 2016, we had a net operating loss carry-forward of approximately $79.8 million for U.S. federal, state, and local income tax purposes. However, due to changes in our capital structure, approximately $25.4 million of the net operating loss carry-forward is available to offset future taxable income, and after the application of the limitations found under Section 382 of the IRC, we only expect to have approximately $18.5 million of this amount available for use in 2017. If not used, these carry-forwards will begin to expire in 2021 for federal and in 2021 or sooner for state and local purposes. For a full discussion of the estimated restrictions on our utilization of net operating loss carry-forwards, please refer to Note 10, “Income Taxes,” included under Item 8 of our 2016 Annual Report.

17

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

(Unaudited)

NOTE 8.STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Warrants

A summary of warrant activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is presented as follows:

	Warrants Outstanding		Weighted Average Exercise Price During Period
Balance at December 31, 2016	6,750		$	4.30
Exercised	—		—
Canceled/forfeited	(6,750	)	4.30
Expired	—		—
Balance at September 30, 2017	—		$	—

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is attributable to stock options and restricted stock unit awards. For all stock-based awards, we recognize expense using a straight-line amortization method.

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense and the impact it had on operations for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Cost of sales	$	10	$	13	$	40	$	37
Product development	16		24		45		60
Selling, general, and administrative	166		399		540		979
Total stock-based compensation	$	192	$	436	$	625	$	1,076

The table above excludes approximately $0.3 million in stock-based compensation expense from prior periods that was reversed and included as a reduction to restructuring expenses due to the workforce reduction associated with our restructuring actions in the first six months of 2017.

Total unearned stock-based compensation was $0.9 million at September 30, 2017, compared to $1.6 million at September 30, 2016. These costs will be charged to expense and amortized on a straight-line basis in future periods. The weighted average period over which the unearned compensation at September 30, 2017 is expected to be recognized is approximately 1.9 years.

Stock options

The fair value of each stock option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Estimates utilized in the calculation include the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rate, and expected volatility, and are further comparatively detailed as follows:

18

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

(Unaudited)

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Fair value of options issued	$	2.66		$	5.36
Exercise price	$	3.55		$	7.59
Expected life of options (in years)	5.8			5.8
Risk-free interest rate	2.1		%	1.6		%
Expected volatility	91.9		%	93.9		%
Dividend yield	0.0		%	0.0		%

A summary of option activity under all plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is presented as follows:

	Number of Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2016	530,734		$	7.48
Granted	192,984		3.55
Exercised	(40,500	)	2.30
Canceled/forfeited	(298,720	)	5.73
Expired	(56,111	)	10.65
Balance at September 30, 2017	328,387		$	6.86	8.0
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2017	301,768		$	7.16	7.8
Exercisable at September 30, 2017	179,162		$	9.63	6.8

Restricted stock units

A summary of restricted stock unit activity under all plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is presented as follows:

	Restricted Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2016	250,115		$	6.34
Granted	375,542		3.18
Released	(115,622	)	5.78
Canceled/forfeited	(183,265	)	5.45
Balance at September 30, 2017	326,770		$	3.41	2.5

19

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

(Unaudited)

NOTE 9.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

We may be the subject of threatened or pending legal actions and contingencies in the normal course of conducting our business. We provide for costs related to these matters when a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The effect of the outcome of these matters on our future results of operations and liquidity cannot be predicted because any such effect depends on future results of operations and the amount or timing of the resolution of such matters. For certain types of claims, we maintain insurance coverage for personal injury and property damage, product liability and other liability coverages in amounts and with deductibles that we believe are prudent, but there can be no assurance that these coverages will be applicable or adequate to cover adverse outcomes of claims or legal proceedings against us.

20

ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes thereto, included under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, as well as the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included under Item 7 of our 2016 Annual Report.

Overview

Energy Focus, Inc. and its subsidiary engage in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and sale of energy-efficient lighting systems. We operate in a single industry segment, developing and selling our energy-efficient light-emitting diode (“LED”) lighting products into the general commercial, industrial, and military maritime markets. Our goal is to become a leader in the LED lighting retrofit market by replacing fluorescent lamps in general purpose and high-intensity discharge (“HID”) lighting in low-bay and high-bay applications with our innovative, high-quality commercial and military tubular LED (“TLED”) products.

Net sales of our commercial products, as reported, increased by 9.5 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net sales of our commercial products increased by 6.0 percent as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. In addition, new product sales accounted for approximately $2.4 million, or 16 percent, of net sales in the first nine months of 2017 and more than three times the total new product sales for the full year 2016. While we experienced commercial sales growth in the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 compared to the same periods in 2016, the sale cycles for our commercial target markets typically span several months and our financial results continue to be subject to the fluctuations in the timing, pace, and size of commercial projects.

Our military maritime sales declined by 77.3 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net sale of our military maritime products decreased by 76.3 percent as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Overall demand for our military maritime products increased during the first nine months of 2017 compared to the first nine months of 2016, but our distributor for the U.S. Navy has the ability to satisfy that demand with inventory purchased during 2016 under an exclusive agreement that ended on March 31, 2017. We are currently evaluating all sales channels within the military maritime market to broaden our sale opportunities.

Given the decline in our military maritime business and the timing uncertainty of commercial sales growth, we implemented a restructuring initiative during the first quarter of 2017 with a goal of significantly reducing our annual operating costs from 2016 levels. This initiative was designed to return the Company to profitability and mitigate the substantial doubt that existed at December 31, 2016 about our ability to continue as a going concern. The restructuring initiative included an organizational consolidation of management and oversight functions in order to streamline and better align the organization into more focused, efficient, and cost effective reporting relationships, and involved headcount reductions and office closures and consolidation.

We have spent the first three quarters of 2017 implementing our restructuring plan including, closing the Rochester, Minnesota, New York, New York, and Arlington, Virginia offices, reducing our headcount by approximately 28 percent, reducing our operating expenses excluding, restructuring charges, by approximately 38 percent compared to the first nine months of 2016, and implementing our sales and marketing strategy. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we incurred approximately $1.5 million in restructuring charges related to these actions. We do not anticipate incurring further material restructuring charges in the near future. For additional information on our restructuring actions, please refer to Note 3, “Restructuring,” included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report. The actions we have taken thus far in 2017 are leading to growth in our commercial sales and a much lower spend rate.

While the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern continued to exist at September 30, 2017, we had $11.9 million in cash and no debt obligations at the end of the quarter. In addition, the restructuring actions taken in the first nine months of 2017 resulted in a decrease in operating expenses, excluding restructuring and asset impairment charges, of approximately $3.1 million and $6.7 million over the third quarter and first nine months of 2016, respectively. During the second quarter of 2017, the first full quarter of our restructuring activities, we refined our cost savings estimates, and are now on track for a total cost reduction of approximately $9.0 million from the 2016 levels. Consequently, considering both quantitative and qualitative information, we continue to believe that the combination of our restructuring actions, current financial position, liquid resources, obligations due or anticipated within the next year, executive reorganization, and

21

implementation of our sales channel strategy will return us to profitability in 2018 and effectively mitigates the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Results of operations

The following table sets forth items in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Net sales	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Cost of sales	77.3		62.7		78.8		63.3
Gross profit	22.7		37.3		21.2		36.7
Operating expenses:
Product development	14.6		9.8		15.0		10.4
Selling, general, and administrative	47.8		65.6		58.2		64.3
Restructuring	(4.0	)	—		10.1		—
Total operating expenses	58.4		75.4		83.3		74.7
Loss from operations	(35.7	)	(38.1	)	(62.1	)	(38.0	)
Other expenses (income):
Interest expense	—		—		—		—
Other (income) expense	(0.3	)	0.2		—		—
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes	(35.4	)	(38.3	)	(62.1	)	(38.0	)
Provision for income taxes	—		0.1		—		0.1
Loss from continuing operations	(35.4	)	(38.4	)	(62.1	)	(38.1	)
Discontinued operations:
Loss on disposal of discontinued operations	—		—		—		(0.1	)
Loss on disposal of discontinued operations	—		—		—		(0.1	)
Net loss	(35.4	)%	(38.4	)%	(62.1	)%	(38.2	)%

Net sales

A further breakdown of our net sales is presented in the following table (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Commercial products	$	3,947	$	3,606	$	12,204	$	11,510
Military maritime products	1,055		4,655		2,915		12,302
Total net sales	$	5,002	$	8,261	$	15,119	$	23,812

22

Net sales of $5.0 million for the third quarter of 2017decreased39.5 percent compared to the third quarter of 2016 principally due to lower military maritime product sales, partially offset by an increase in commercial product sales. Net sales of our commercial products increased9.5 percent compared to the third quarter of 2016, reflecting our continued efforts to penetrate our targeted vertical markets. Net sales of our military maritime products decreased77.3 percent, primarily due to our distributor’s ability to satisfy U.S. Navy demand for our products out of their existing inventory, as discussed above.

Net sales of $15.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased 36.5 percent compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Net sales of our commercial products increased 6.0 percent, as the strength in the second and third quarter sales offset the weakness experienced in the first quarter 2017 commercial sales. Net sales of our military maritime products decreased 76.3 percent, primarily due to our distributor’s ability to satisfy U.S. Navy demand for our products out of their existing inventory, as discussed above.

Gross profit

Gross profit was $1.1 million, or 22.7 percent of net sales, for the third quarter of 2017, compared to $3.1 million, or 37.3 percent of net sales for the third quarter of 2016. The decrease in gross profit was due primarily to lower sales and product mix. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of sales is primarily the result of lower volumes in 2017, unfavorably impacting our manufacturing and overhead absorption, and product mix, as the military maritime products sold in the second quarter of 2016 generally had a higher gross margin. Additionally, the Company’s margins were lower than expected as the average cost of inventory on hand was higher than expected due to quantities purchased in 2016 and purchase commitments for product received in early 2017 to satisfy anticipated demand which did not materialize through the first six months of 2017. Based on demand during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and through disciplined purchasing activities, we depleted the majority of this higher cost inventory during the third quarter of 2017.

Gross profit was $3.2 million, or 21.2 percent of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $8.7 million, or 36.8 percent of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of sales is primarily the result of lower volumes, unfavorably impacting our manufacturing and overhead absorption, and product mix, as the military maritime products sold in the first nine months of 2016 generally had a higher standard gross margin. Additionally, the Company’s margins were lower than expected as the average cost of inventory on hand was higher than expected due to quantities purchased in 2016 and purchase commitments for product received in early 2017 to satisfy anticipated demand which did not materialize through the first six months of 2017. Based on demand during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and through disciplined purchasing activities, we depleted the majority of this higher cost inventory during the third quarter of 2017.

Operating expenses

Product development

Product development expenses include salaries, contractor and consulting fees, legal fees, supplies and materials, as well as overhead, such as depreciation and facility costs. Product development costs are expensed as they are incurred.

Total gross and net product development spending, including revenues and credits from government contracts, is presented in the following table (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Gross product development expenses	$	732	$	809	$	2,266	$	2,560
Cost recovery and other credits	—		—		—		(93		)
Net product development expenses	$	732	$	809	$	2,266	$	2,467

Gross product development expenses were $0.7 million for the third quarter of 2017, a $0.1 milliondecrease compared to the third quarter of 2016. The decrease was primarily a result of lower salaries and related benefits of $0.1 million due to our cost reduction initiatives.

23

Gross product development expenses were $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, a $0.3 million decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease was primarily a result of lower salaries and benefits of $0.2 million and lower travel and related expenses of $0.1 million due to our cost reduction initiatives.

Selling, general andadministrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $2.4 million for the third quarter of 2017, compared to $5.4 million for the third quarter of 2016. The $3.0 million decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses is the direct result of our restructuring initiatives to reduce operating expenses. The primary drivers of the lower expenses in the third quarter of 2017 were decreases in salaries and related benefits of $1.1 million, legal and professional expenses of $0.4 million, recruiting and relocation costs of $0.3 million, consulting costs of $0.2 million, trade show and other marketing costs of $0.2 million, travel and related expenses of $0.2 million, and building rent expense of $0.1 million. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, sales commissions decreased approximately $0.2 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. This decrease was primarily due to the lower military maritime product sales in the second quarter of 2017 compared to the second quarter of 2016. In addition, in November 2016, we terminated the agreement with the outside sales representative we had been using since October 2015 for sales to the U.S. Navy.

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $8.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $15.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The $6.5 million decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses is the direct result of our continued efforts to reduce operating expenses through our restructuring initiatives. The primary drivers of the lower expenses in the first half of 2017 were decreases in salaries and related benefits of $2.4 million, consulting costs of $0.9 million, legal and professional costs of $0.5 million, recruiting and relocation costs of $0.5 million, trade show and other marketing costs of $0.4 million, travel and related expenses of $0.4 million, and building rent expense of $0.3 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, sales commissions decreased approximately $0.7 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. This decrease was primarily due to the lower military maritime product sales in the first half of 2017 compared to the first half of 2016 and the termination of the agreement with the outside sales representative discussed above.

Restructuring

In the first quarter of 2017, we announced a restructuring initiative with a goal of significantly reducing our annual operating costs from 2016 levels. This initiative included an organizational consolidation of management and oversight functions in order to streamline and better align the organization into more focused, efficient, and cost effective reporting relationships, and involved headcount reductions of approximately 28 percent and office closures. This initiative was designed to return the Company to profitability and mitigate the substantial doubt that existed at December 31, 2016 about our ability to continue as a going concern, and considered both quantitative and qualitative information, including our financial position, liquid resources, and obligations due or anticipated within the next year. The restructuring actions taken in the first nine months of 2017 resulted in a decrease in operating expenses, excluding restructuring and asset impairment charges, of approximately $3.1 million and $6.7 million over the third quarter and first nine months of 2016, respectively.

The actions taken in the first quarter of 2017 included closing our offices in Rochester, Minnesota, New York, New York, and Arlington, Virginia and impacted 20 employees, primarily located in these offices. During the second quarter of 2017, we fully exited the New York and Arlington facilities and took additional actions to improve our operating efficiencies. These actions impacted an additional 17 production and administrative employees in our Solon location.

During the three months ended September 30, 2017 we recorded net restructuring credits totaling approximately $0.2 million, primarily related to a reduction of $0.3 million related to the revision of our initial estimates of the cost and offsetting sublease income for the remaining lease obligations for the former New York, New York office. The sublease agreement was finalized in October 2017. This reduction was partially offset by the reclassification of other expenses primarily for legal costs related to the restructuring actions totaling approximately $0.1 million.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded restructuring charges totaling approximately $1.5 million, consisting of approximately $0.7 million in severance and related benefits, $0.6 million in facilities costs related to the termination of the Rochester lease obligations and the remaining lease obligations for the former New York and Arlington offices, and $0.2 million in other restructuring costs primarily related to fixed asset and prepaid expenses write-offs.

We estimated that we would receive a total of approximately $1.3 million in sublease payments to offset our remaining lease obligations, which extend until June 2021, of approximately $1.8 million. We expect to incur approximately $0.1 million in

24

additional costs over the remaining life of our lease obligations, but we do not anticipate further major restructuring activities in the near future.

While the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern continued to exist at September 30, 2017, we had $11.9 million in cash and no debt obligations at the end of the quarter. In addition, the restructuring actions taken in the first nine months of 2017 resulted in a decrease in operating expenses, excluding restructuring and asset impairment charges, of approximately $3.1 million and $6.7 million over the third quarter and first nine months of 2016, respectively. During the first quarter of 2017, we announced a restructuring initiative with the goal of reducing our operating costs by an estimated $10 million from 2016 levels.  The intent of the restructuring strategy was to maximize operating cost reductions without sacrificing either our new product pipeline or potential long-term revenue growth. We continue to refine our cost savings estimate, and are now on track for a total cost reduction between $8.0 million and $9.0 million from the 2016 levels. Consequently, considering both quantitative and qualitative information, we continue to believe that the combination of our restructuring actions, current financial position, liquid resources, obligations due or anticipated within the next year, executive reorganization, and implementation of our sales channel strategy will return us to profitability in 2018 and effectively mitigates the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Other income and expenses

Other income was $16 thousand for the third quarter of 2017, compared to other expenses of $16 thousand for the third quarter of 2016. The income for the three months ended September 30, 2017 primarily consisted of interest income on our cash balances and miscellaneous utility company rebates, partially offset by losses on the disposal of fixed assets. The expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2016 primarily consisted of losses on the disposal of fixed assets partially offset by interest income on our cash balances. Other expenses were $5 thousand and $7 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The expenses for the first nine months of 2017 and 2016 primarily consisted of losses on the disposal of fixed assets partially offset by interest income on our cash balances.

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

Due to the operating losses incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and the three months ended September 30, 2016 and after application of the annual limitation set forth under Section 382 of the IRC, it was not necessary to record a provision for U.S. federal income tax or various states income taxes. The expense recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, represents the adjustment of the 2015 provision to the actual tax on the 2015 returns, which were filed during the period.

Net (loss) income

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, our net loss was $1.8 million and $9.4 million, respectively, compared to net loss of $3.2 million and $9.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. Lower net sales and changes in product mix in 2017, as compared to the same prior year periods, as well as the restructuring costs incurred in 2017 contributed to the difference in operating results.

Financial condition

While we had cash and cash equivalents of $11.9 million at September 30, 2017 and no debt, we have historically incurred substantial losses, and as of September 30, 2017, we had an accumulated deficit of $106.3 million. Additionally, three customers accounted for approximately 58 percent and 41 percent of net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. Two customers accounted for approximately 52 percent and 43 percent of net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.

In order for us to operate our business profitably, we will need to continue to develop new technologies into sustainable product lines that allow us to effectively compete to expand our customer base, execute our marketing and sales plans for our energy-efficient LED lighting products, and continue to improve our supply chain and organizational structure. The restructuring and cost cutting initiatives implemented during the first half of 2017 were designed to allow us to effectively execute this strategy.

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There is a risk that our efforts may not be as successful as we envision, as we focus on expanding our customer base and growing net sales from commercial customers in our targeted vertical markets. Additionally, while we remain dedicated to serving the U.S. Navy, new competition may prevent us from securing sales at our historic levels. If our operations do not achieve, or we experience an unanticipated delay in achieving, our intended level of profitability, we may require additional funding.

We terminated our revolving credit facility effective December 31, 2015, and are not actively pursuing securing a new line of credit at this time. There can be no assurance that we will generate sufficient cash flows to sustain and grow our operations or, if necessary, obtain funding on acceptable terms or in a timely fashion or at all. As such, we may continue to review and pursue selected external funding sources to execute these objectives including, but not limited to, the following:

• obtain financing from traditional or non-traditional investment capital organizations or individuals; and

• obtain funding from the sale of our common stock or other equity or debt instruments.

Obtaining financing through the above-mentioned mechanisms contains risks, including:

• additional equity financing may not be available to us on satisfactory terms and any equity that we are able to issue could lead to dilution of stockholder value for current stockholders;

• loans or other debt instruments may have terms and/or conditions, such as interest rate, restrictive covenants and unfavorable control or revocation provisions or would restrict our growth opportunities; and

• the current environment in capital markets combined with our capital constraints may prevent us from being able to obtain adequate debt financing.

If we fail to generate cash to grow our business, we would need to delay or scale back our business plan and further reduce our operating costs or headcount, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, future prospects, and financial condition.

Liquidity andcapitalresources

Cash and cash equivalents

At September 30, 2017, our cash and cash equivalents balance was approximately $11.9 million, compared to approximately $16.6 million at December 31, 2016. The balance at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 included restricted cash of $0.3 million for a letter of credit requirement under a lease obligation.

The following summarizes cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities, as reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands):

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(4,684	)	$	(13,650	)
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(57	)	$	(1,473	)
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	56		$	77

Net cash used in operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $4.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and resulted primarily from the net loss incurred of $9.4 million, adjusted for non-cash items, including: depreciation, stock-based compensation, and provisions for inventory and warranty reserves, and working capital changes. In the first nine months of 2017 trade accounts receivable decreased, due to the timing and volume of our shipments in December 2016 compared to September 2017. In addition, in the first nine months of 2017, inventory and trade accounts payable balances decreased, as we implemented a more disciplined purchasing strategy in 2017. Net cash used in operating activities was $13.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, and resulted from the net loss incurred of $9.1 million, as well as increased inventory balances to meet the demand for our commercial products that was slower than anticipated, higher prepaid

26

expenses and other assets principally related to deposits on inventory purchases, and lower accrued sales commissions and incentives, as amounts accrued at December 31, 2015 were paid in the first quarter of 2016. These increases were partially offset by lower trade accounts receivable at September 30, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015. As a result of the timing of shipments in December 2015, the cash was not received until the first quarter of 2016.

Net cash used in investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $57 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and resulted primarily from the purchase of software and equipment to support our website and marketing efforts, partially offset by proceeds received from the sale of certain computer equipment and reimbursements from our landlord for certain leasehold improvements. Net cash used in investing activities was $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, and resulted primarily from acquisitions of computer equipment and software and additional modules and functionality of our ERP system.

Net cash provided by financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $56 thousand and $77 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 resulted from the proceeds received for the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan purchases, partially offset by the effect of issuing and immediately repurchasing our stock for employee tax withholding related to restricted stock unit vesting and stock swap and hold stock option exercises.

Contractual obligations

In conjunction with our restructuring and cost cutting initiatives we evaluated opportunities to either terminate or renegotiate the contractual lease obligations for our Rochester, Minnesota, New York, New York, and Arlington, Virginia office locations. During the first quarter of 2017, we terminated the Rochester lease obligation for a payment of $19 thousand. We executed a sublease for the Arlington office in June 2017 and executed a sublease for the New York office in October 2017. Both the Arlington sublease and the New York sublease are at current market conditions for similar office rental properties. As we completely vacated these premises during the second quarter of 2017, we recognized the estimated present value of the remaining obligations on these leases adjusted for the anticipated subleases as restructuring expenses in our condensed consolidated financial statements. During the three months ended September 30, 2017 we recorded net restructuring credits totaling approximately $0.2 million, primarily related to a reduction of $0.3 million related to facilities costs for the remaining lease obligations for the former New York, New York office. The sublease agreement was finalized in October 2017. We estimated that we would receive a total of approximately $1.3 million in sublease payments to offset our remaining lease obligations of approximately $1.8 million, which extend until June 2021. Additional information regarding the facility restructuring is presented in Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements titled, “Restructuring.”

Critical accounting policies

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies as compared to those included in our 2016 Annual Report.

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Certain risks and concentrations

We had certain customers whose net sales individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net sales, or whose net trade accounts receivable balance individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net trade accounts receivable, as follows:

For the three months ended September 30, 2017, one of the largest global healthcare systems located in Northeast Ohio and large energy services contracting company in our Southeastern sales region each accounted for approximately 23 percent of net sales. While the last contractually required stocking commitment under our exclusive distributor agreement with Atlantic Diving Supply, Inc. (“ADS”), a distributor for the U.S. Navy, was fulfilled in December 2016, sales to ADS for the three months ended September 30, 2017 accounted for approximately 12 percent of net sales, and when combined with non-exclusive sales to other distributors, sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 20 percent of net sales for the same period. For the three months ended September 30, 2016, ADS accounted for approximately 40 percent of net sales and sales of products to the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 46 percent of net sales. In addition, another distributor of military maritime products to foreign navies accounted for approximately 12 percent of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2016.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio and the energy services contracting company accounted for approximately 17 percent and 12 percent of net sales, respectively. While the last contractually required stocking commitment under our exclusive distributor agreement with ADS was fulfilled in December 2016, sales to ADS accounted for approximately 12 percent of net sales, and when combined with non-exclusive sales to other distributors, sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 18 percent of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, sales to ADS accounted for approximately 32 percent of net sales, and total sales of products for the U.S. Navy of approximately 40 percent of net sales. In addition, the healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 11 percent of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Our exclusive distributor agreement with ADS ended on March 31, 2017 and we are currently evaluating all sales channels within the military maritime market to broaden our sales opportunities.

The energy services contracting company and the global healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 28 percent and 18 percent of net trade accounts receivable, respectively, at September 30, 2017. At December 31, 2016, ADS and the global healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 63 percent and 10 percent of net trade accounts receivable, respectively.

Recent accounting pronouncements

For information on recent accounting pronouncements, please refer to Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Our disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to meet reasonable assurance standards. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. Any design of disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, subject to the limitations noted above, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2017.

(b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There has been no material change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended September 30, 2017 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to our risk factors, as compared to those described in our 2016 Annual Report.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The information required by this Item is set forth on the Exhibit Index that follows the signature page of this report.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

			ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
Date:	November 8, 2017	By:	/s/ Theodore L. Tewksbury III
			Theodore L. Tewksbury III
			Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President

By:	/s/ Michael H. Port
	Michael H. Port
	Chief Financial Officer

31

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Description of Documents
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of Energy Focus, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 13, 2013).
3.2	Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Energy Focus, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 16, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 16, 2014).
3.3	Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Energy Focus, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 24, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 27, 2015).
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*101	The following financial information from our Quarterly Report for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and (vi) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

* Pursuant to Regulation S-T, this interactive data file is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

32

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Theodore L. Tewksbury III, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Energy Focus, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have;

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Theodore L. Tewksbury III            

Theodore L. Tewksbury III
    Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President

Date: November 8, 2017

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Michael H. Port, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Energy Focus, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have;

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Michael H. Port        

Michael H. Port

Chief Financial Officer

Date: November 8, 2017

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Energy Focus, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017 (the “Report”), I, Theodore L. Tewksbury III, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company and I, Michael H. Port, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

(i) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Theodore L. Tewksbury III
Theodore L. Tewksbury III Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President
Date:	November 8, 2017

/s/ Michael H. Port
Michael H. Port Chief Financial Officer
Date:	November 8, 2017

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Energy Focus, Inc. and will be retained by Energy Focus, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Nov. 06, 2017
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	ENERGY FOCUS, INC/DE
Entity Central Index Key	0000924168
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		11,856,843

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 11,935	$ 16,629
Trade accounts receivable, less allowances of $73 and $236, respectively	2,983	5,640
Inventories, net	6,779	9,469
Prepaid and other current assets	1,046	882
Assets held for sale	410	0
Total current assets	23,153	32,620
Property and equipment, net	1,352	2,325
Other assets	30	33
Total assets	24,535	34,978
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	2,176	3,257
Accrued liabilities	316	107
Accrued legal and professional fees	64	63
Accrued payroll and related benefits	313	522
Accrued sales commissions	85	325
Accrued severance	14	328
Accrued restructuring	174	0
Accrued warranty reserve	187	331
Deferred revenue	16	0
Total current liabilities	3,345	4,933
Other liabilities	248	107
Total liabilities	3,593	5,040
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share: Authorized: 2,000,000 shares in 2017 and 2016, Issued and outstanding: no shares in 2016 and 2015	0	0
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share: Authorized: 30,000,000 shares in 2017 and 2016, Issued and outstanding: 11,690,030 at September 30, 2016 and 11,648,978 at December 31, 2015	1	1
Additional paid-in capital	127,286	126,875
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	1	(1)
Accumulated deficit	(106,346)	(96,937)
Total stockholders' equity	20,942	29,938
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 24,535	$ 34,978

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Trade accounts receivable, allowances	$ 73	$ 236
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	2,000,000	2,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	30,000,000	30,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	11,856,843	11,710,549
Common stock, shares outstanding	11,856,843	11,710,549

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net sales	$ 5,002	$ 8,261	$ 15,119	$ 23,812
Cost of sales	3,865	5,179	11,920	15,063
Gross profit	1,137	3,082	3,199	8,749
Operating expenses:
Product development	732	809	2,266	2,467
Selling, general, and administrative	2,393	5,423	8,802	15,323
Restructuring	(200)	0	1,534	0
Total operating expenses	2,925	6,232	12,602	17,790
Loss from operations	(1,788)	(3,150)	(9,403)	(9,041)
Other expenses (income):
Interest Expense	1	0	1	0
Other (income) expense	(16)	16	5	7
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes	(1,773)	(3,166)	(9,409)	(9,048)
Provision for income taxes	0	11	0	22
Loss from continuing operations	(1,773)	(3,177)	(9,409)	(9,070)
Discontinued operations:
Loss on disposal of discontinued operations	0	0	0	(12)
Loss from discontinued operations	0	0	0	(12)
Net loss	$ (1,773)	$ (3,177)	$ (9,409)	$ (9,082)
Net loss per share - basic:
From continuing operations (in dollars per share)	$ (0.15)	$ (0.27)	$ (0.80)	$ (0.78)
From discontinued operations (in dollars per share)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Net loss per share - basic (in dollars per share)	(0.15)	(0.27)	(0.80)	(0.78)
Net loss per share - diluted:
From continuing operations (in dollars per share)	(0.15)	(0.27)	(0.80)	(0.78)
From discontinued operations (in dollars per share)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Net loss per share - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.15)	$ (0.27)	$ (0.80)	$ (0.78)
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per share:
Basic (in shares)	11,856	11,690	11,789	11,666
Diluted (in shares)	11,856	11,690	11,789	11,666

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (1,773)	$ (3,177)	$ (9,409)	$ (9,082)
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	0	1	2	2
Comprehensive loss	$ (1,773)	$ (3,176)	$ (9,407)	$ (9,080)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - 9 months ended Sep. 30, 2017 - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Accumulated Deficit
Balance at the beginning of the period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016		11,711
Balance at the beginning of the period at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 29,938	$ 1	$ 126,875	$ (1)	$ (96,937)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans (in shares)		161
Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans	105		105
Common stock withheld in lieu of income tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		(15)
Common stock withheld in lieu of income tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock units	(49)		(49)
Stock-based compensation	625		625
Stock-based compensation reversal	(270)		(270)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	2			2
Net loss from continuing operations	(9,409)				(9,409)
Balance at the end of the period (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2017		11,857
Balance at the end of the period at Sep. 30, 2017	$ 20,942	$ 1	$ 127,286	$ 1	$ (106,346)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (9,409)	$ (9,082)
Loss from discontinued operations	0	(12)
Loss from continuing operations	(9,409)	(9,070)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	514	555
Stock-based compensation	625	1,076
Stock-based compensation reversal	(270)	0
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable	19	9
Provision for slow-moving and obsolete inventories and valuation reserves	(644)	(292)
Provision for warranties	152	110
Loss on dispositions of property and equipment	108	35
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts Receivable	2,638	5,027
Inventories	3,334	(5,993)
Prepaid and other assets	(161)	(308)
Accounts payable	(1,173)	(3,945)
Accrued and other liabilities	(433)	(761)
Deferred revenue	16	(93)
Total adjustments	4,725	(4,580)
Net cash used in operating activities	(4,684)	(13,650)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of property and equipment	(154)	(1,475)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment	97	2
Net cash used in investing activities	(57)	(1,473)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercises of stock options and employee stock purchase plan purchases	105	386
Common stock withheld in lieu of income tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock units	49	0
Common stock withheld to satisfy exercise price and income tax withholding on option exercises	0	(309)
Net cash provided by financing activities	56	77
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(9)	5
Net cash used in continuing operations	(4,694)	(15,041)
Cash flows of discontinued operations:
Operating cash flows, net	0	(12)
Net cash used in discontinued operations	0	(12)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(4,694)	(15,053)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	16,629	34,640
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	11,935	19,587
Classification of cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents	11,593	19,245
Restricted cash held	342	342
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$ 16,629	$ 34,640

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Nature of Operations

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Disclosure Text Block [Abstract]

Nature of Operations

NATURE OFOPERATIONS

Energy Focus, Inc. and its subsidiary engage in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and sale of energy-efficient lighting systems. We operate in a single industry segment, developing and selling our energy-efficient light-emitting diode (“LED”) lighting products into the general commercial, industrial and military maritime markets. Our goal is to become a trusted leader in the LED lighting retrofit market by replacing fluorescent lamps in institutional buildings and high-intensity discharge (“HID”) lighting in low-bay and high-bay applications with our innovative, high-quality commercial and military tubular LED (“TLED”) products.

Product development is a key focus for us. Our product development teams, including our teams located in our Solon, Ohio headquarters and at our product development center in Taipei, Taiwan, are dedicated to developing and designing leading-edge technology LED lighting products.

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

BASIS OF PRESENTATION ANDSUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements (“financial statements”) include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiary Energy Focus Europe, Ltd. located in the United Kingdom, which is not active. Unless indicated otherwise, the information in the accompanying financial statements and Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements relates to our continuing operations.

We have prepared the accompanying financial data for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The accompanying financial data and information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (“2016 Annual Report”). The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2016 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact us in the future, actual results may vary from the estimates. Estimates include, but are not limited to, the establishment of reserves for accounts receivable, sales returns, inventory obsolescence and warranty claims; the useful lives of property and equipment; valuation allowance for net deferred taxes; the cost and offsetting income related to subleased property; and stock-based compensation. In addition, estimates and assumptions associated with the determination of the fair value of financial instruments and evaluation of long-lived assets for impairment requires considerable judgment. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts related to purchase price and manufacturing variances capitalized in inventories in 2016 and legal fees related to our restructuring actions in 2017 were reclassified to conform to current period reporting presentation with no impact on financial position, loss from operations, or cash used in operations.

Certain risks and concentrations

We have certain customers whose net sales individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net sales, or whose net trade accounts receivable balance individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net trade accounts receivable, as follows:

For the three months ended September 30, 2017, one of the largest global healthcare systems located in Northeast Ohio and a large energy services contracting company in our Southeastern sales region each accounted for approximately 23 percent of net sales. While the last contractually required stocking commitment under our exclusive distributor agreement with Atlantic Diving Supply, Inc. (“ADS”), a distributor for the U.S. Navy, was fulfilled in December 2016, sales to ADS for the three months ended September 30, 2017 accounted for approximately 12 percent of net sales, and when combined with non-exclusive sales to other distributors, sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 20 percent of net sales for the same period. For the three months ended September 30, 2016, ADS accounted for approximately 40 percent of net sales and sales of products to the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 46 percent of net sales. In addition, another distributor of military maritime products to foreign navies accounted for approximately 12 percent of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2016.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio and the energy services contracting company accounted for approximately 17 percent and 12 percent of net sales, respectively. While the last contractually required stocking commitment under our exclusive distributor agreement with ADS was fulfilled in December 2016, sales to ADS accounted for approximately 12 percent of net sales, and when combined with non-exclusive sales to other distributors, sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 18 percent of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, sales to ADS accounted for approximately 32 percent of net sales, and total sales of products for the U.S. Navy of approximately 40 percent of net sales. In addition, the healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 11 percent of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Our exclusive distributor agreement with ADS ended on March 31, 2017 and we are currently evaluating all sales channels within the military maritime market to broaden our sales opportunities.

The energy services contracting company and the global healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 28 percent and 18 percent of net trade accounts receivable, respectively, at September 30, 2017. At December 31, 2016, ADS and the global healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 63 percent and 10 percent of net trade accounts receivable, respectively.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation: Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award would require an entity to apply modification accounting. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In November, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash, which requires entities to show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flow. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The new standard must be adopted retrospectively. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which is intended to reduce diversity in practice by making eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and will require adoption on a retrospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which significantly changes the accounting for credit losses on instruments within its scope. The new guidance introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain financial instruments, including trade receivables, and requires an entity to recognize an allowance based on its estimate of expected credit losses rather than incurred losses. This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and will generally require adoption on a modified retrospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which supersedes the current lease accounting requirements. This standard requires a lessee to record on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. In addition, this standard requires lessees to disclose certain key information about lease transactions. Upon implementation, an entity’s lease payment obligations will be recognized at their estimated present value along with a corresponding right-of-use asset. Lease expense recognition will be generally consistent with current practice. This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and will require adoption on a modified retrospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which amends certain aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. This amendment requires all equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income (other than those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in the consolidation of the investee). This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and will require adoption on a prospective basis with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the beginning balance sheet. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), as amended by ASU 2015-14, 2016-08, 2016-10, 2016-12, and 2016-20, which is a comprehensive revenue recognition standard which supersedes nearly all of the existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. This standard requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration the entity expects for receive in exchange for those goods or services. Entities will need to use more judgments and estimates than under the current guidance, including estimating the amount of variable revenue to recognize for each performance obligation. Additional disclosures regarding the nature, amount, and timing of revenues and cash flows from contracts will also be required. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period, using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach. We will adopt the standard on January 1, 2018, as required, using the modified retrospective approach. We continue to evaluate the impact the guidance in this ASU will have on our disclosures. At this time, we do not expect the guidance to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or financial position, as our revenue arrangements generally consist of a single performance obligation to transfer promised goods.

Update to significant accounting policies

There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies, as compared to those described in our 2016 Annual Report.

Net loss per share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common shares consist of incremental shares upon the exercise or release of stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants, unless the effect would be anti-dilutive.

As a result of the net loss we incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, approximately 28 thousand and 72 thousand potentially dilutive equity awards, respectively, were excluded from the net loss per share calculation, as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. As a result of the net loss we incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, approximately 74 thousand and 150 thousand potentially dilutive equity awards, respectively, were excluded from the net loss per share calculation, as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. Therefore, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the basic weighted average shares outstanding were used in calculating diluted loss per share.

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted net loss per share computations for the periods presented below (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Numerator:
Loss from continuing operations	$	(1,773	)	$	(3,177	)	$	(9,409	)	$	(9,070	)
Loss from discontinued operations	—			—			—			(12		)
Net loss	$	(1,773	)	$	(3,177	)	$	(9,409	)	$	(9,082	)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	11,856			11,690			11,789			11,666
Potential common shares from equity awards and warrants	—			—			—			—
Diluted weighted average shares	11,856			11,690			11,789			11,666

Product warranties

Through March 31, 2016, we warranted finished goods against defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for periods generally between one and five years. Beginning April 1, 2016, we warrant our commercial LED tubes, globes, and troffer luminaires for a period of ten years. Warranty settlement costs consist of actual amounts expensed for warranty, which are largely a result of the cost of replacement products provided to our customers. A liability for the estimated future costs under product warranties is maintained for products outstanding under warranty based on the actual claims incurred to date and the estimated nature, frequency, and costs of future claims. These estimates are inherently uncertain and changes to our historical or projected experience may cause material changes to our warranty reserves in the future. We continuously review the assumptions related to the adequacy of our warranty reserve, including product failure rates, and make adjustments to the existing warranty liability when there are changes to these estimates or the underlying replacement product costs, or the warranty period expires. Extending the warranty did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements in 2016 or for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The following table summarizes warranty activity for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	179		$	298		$	331		$	314
Warranty accruals for current period sales	18			65			152			111
Adjustments to existing warranties	30			(60		)	(36		)	(112		)
In kind settlements made during the period	(40		)	(8		)	(260		)	(18		)
Accrued warranty reserve	$	187		$	295		$	187		$	295

Geographic information

Approximately 98 percent of our long-lived fixed assets are located in the United States, with the remainder located in our product development center in Taiwan. Net sales attributable to customers outside the United States accounted for approximately one percent of our total net sales for each of the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Net sales attributable to customers outside the United States accounted for approximately one percent and two percent of our total net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The geographic location of our net sales is derived from the destination to which we ship the product.

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Restructuring

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring

RESTRUCTURING

During the first quarter of 2017, we announced a restructuring initiative with a goal of significantly reducing annual operating costs from 2016 levels. The initiative included an organizational consolidation of management and oversight functions in order to streamline and better align the organization into more focused, efficient, and cost effective reporting relationships, and involved headcount reductions and office closures. This initiative was designed to return the Company to profitability and mitigate the substantial doubt that existed at December 31, 2016 about our ability to continue as a going concern. The restructuring actions taken in the first nine months of 2017 resulted in a decrease in operating expenses, excluding restructuring and asset impairment charges, of approximately $3.1 million and $6.7 million over the third quarter and first nine months of 2016, respectively.

The actions taken in the first quarter of 2017 included closing our offices in Rochester, Minnesota, New York, New York, and Arlington, Virginia and impacted 20 employees, primarily located in these offices. During the second quarter of 2017, we fully exited the New York and Arlington facilities and took additional actions to improve our operating efficiencies. These actions impacted an additional 17 production and administrative employees in our Solon location.

During the three months ended September 30, 2017 we recorded net restructuring credits totaling approximately $0.2 million, primarily related to a reduction of $0.3 million related to the revision of our initial estimates of the cost and offsetting sublease income for the remaining lease obligations for the former New York, New York office. The sublease agreement was finalized in October 2017. This reduction was partially offset by the reclassification of other expenses primarily for legal costs related to the restructuring actions totaling approximately $0.1 million.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded restructuring charges totaling approximately $1.5 million, consisting of approximately $0.7 million in severance and related benefits, $0.6 million in facilities costs related to the termination of the Rochester lease obligations and the remaining lease obligations for the former New York and Arlington offices, and $0.2 million in other restructuring costs primarily related to fixed asset and prepaid expenses write-offs.

Our restructuring liabilities consist of one-time termination costs for severance and benefits to former employees and estimated ongoing costs related to long-term operating lease obligations. The recorded value of the termination severance and benefits to employees approximates fair value, as the remaining obligation is based on the arrangements made with the former employees, and these obligations will be completely satisfied in less than 12 months. The recorded value of the ongoing lease obligations is based on the remaining lease term and payment amount, net of estimated sublease income, discounted to present value. Changes in subsequent periods resulting from a revision to either the timing or the amount of estimated cash flows over the future period are measured using the credit adjusted, risk-free rate that was used to measure the restructuring liabilities initially. We estimated that we would receive a total of approximately $1.3 million in sublease payments to offset our remaining lease obligations, which extend until June 2021, of approximately $1.8 million. We expect to incur approximately $0.1 million in additional costs over the remaining life of our lease obligations, but we do not anticipate further major restructuring activities in the near future. The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of our restructuring liability:

	Severance and Related Benefits			Facilities			Other			Total
Balance at January 1, 2017	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Additions	643			19			12			674
Payments	(30		)	(19		)	(3		)	(52		)
Balance at March 31, 2017	$	613		$	—		$	9		$	622
Additions	127			811			106			1,044
Accretion of lease obligations	—			16			—			16
Write-offs	—			9			(95		)	(86		)
Payments	(313		)	(69		)	(20		)	(402		)
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	427		$	767		$	—		$	1,194
Additions	$	—		$	—		$	68		$	68
Accretion of lease obligations	$	—		$	8		$	—		$	8
Adjustment of lease obligations	$	—		$	(276	)	$	—		$	(276	)
Write-offs	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Payments	$	(253	)	$	(109	)	$	(68	)	$	(430	)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	174		$	390		$	—		$	564

While the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern continued to exist at September 30, 2017, we had $11.9 million in cash and no debt obligations at the end of the quarter. In addition, the restructuring actions taken in the first nine months of 2017 resulted in a decrease in operating expenses, excluding restructuring and asset impairment charges, of approximately $3.1 million and $6.7 million over the third quarter and first nine months of 2016, respectively. During the first quarter of 2017, we announced a restructuring initiative with the goal of reducing our operating costs by an estimated $10 million from 2016 levels.  The intent of the restructuring strategy was to maximize operating cost reductions without sacrificing either our new product pipeline or potential long-term revenue growth. We continue to refine our cost savings estimate, and are now on track for a total cost reduction between $8.0 million to $9.0 million from the 2016 levels. Consequently, considering both quantitative and qualitative information, we continue to believe that the combination of our restructuring actions, current financial position, liquid resources, obligations due or anticipated within the next year, executive reorganization, and implementation of our sales channel strategy will return us to profitability in 2018 and effectively mitigates the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

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Discontinued Operations

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Discontinued Operations

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

The loss on disposal of discontinued operations for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2016 of $12 thousand consists of legal fees incurred for the settlement of an outstanding arbitration claim related to our pool products business, which we sold in November 2013. On March 18, 2016, we executed a settlement agreement for this claim and the funds held in escrow plus the interest earned on the account were released to the buyer. For additional information regarding the sale of our pool products business and the settlement of this arbitration claim, please refer to Note 3, “Discontinued Operations,” included under Item 8 of our 2016 Annual Report.

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Inventories

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

INVENTORIES

Inventories are stated at the lower of standard cost (which approximates actual cost determined using the first-in, first-out cost method) or market, and consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Raw materials	$	4,263		$	5,049
Finished goods	7,468			10,016
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow moving inventories and valuation reserves	$	(4,952	)	$	(5,596	)
Inventories, net	$	6,779		$	9,469

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Property and Equipment and Assets Held For Sale

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment and Assets Held For Sale

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT AND ASSETS HELD FOR SALE

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets and consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Equipment (useful life 3 to 15 years)	$	1,749		$	2,231
Tooling (useful life 2 to 5 years)	371			863
Vehicles (useful life 5 years)	47			39
Furniture and fixtures (useful life 5 years)	137			170
Computer software (useful life 3 years)	1,043			977
Leasehold improvements (the shorter of useful life or lease life)	201			256
Projects in progress	48			154
Property and equipment at cost	3,596			4,690
Less: accumulated depreciation	(2,244		)	(2,365		)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,352		$	2,325

Depreciation expense was $0.2 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Depreciation expense was $0.5 million and $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

As of December 31, 2016, we recorded an impairment charge related to certain equipment that we were no longer using and adjusted the carrying value of this equipment to its estimated net realizable value of $0.4 million. During the first quarter of 2017, we began to seek out a buyer for this equipment, and as such, we reclassified the amount and continue to classify the amount on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets under the caption, “Assets held for sale.”

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

INCOME TAXES

The components of the provision for income taxes are shown below for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Current:
U.S. federal	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1
State	—		10		—		21
Provision for income taxes	$	—	$	11	$	—	$	22

As a result of the operating loss incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and the three months ended September 30, 2016, and after the application of the annual limitation set forth under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”), it was not necessary to record a provision for U.S. federal income tax or various states income taxes.The expense recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, represents the adjustment of the 2015 provision to the actual tax on the 2015 returns.

At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had a full valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance was recorded due to uncertainties related to our ability to realize the deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of certain net operating loss carry-forwards. The valuation allowance is based on management’s estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction and the periods over which the deferred tax assets will be recoverable.

At December 31, 2016, we had a net operating loss carry-forward of approximately $79.8 million for U.S. federal, state, and local income tax purposes. However, due to changes in our capital structure, approximately $25.4 million of the net operating loss carry-forward is available to offset future taxable income, and after the application of the limitations found under Section 382 of the IRC, we only expect to have approximately $18.5 million of this amount available for use in 2017. If not used, these carry-forwards will begin to expire in 2021 for federal and in 2021 or sooner for state and local purposes. For a full discussion of the estimated restrictions on our utilization of net operating loss carry-forwards, please refer to Note 10, “Income Taxes,” included under Item 8 of our 2016 Annual Report.

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Stockholders' Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Warrants

A summary of warrant activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is presented as follows:

	Warrants Outstanding		Weighted Average Exercise Price During Period
Balance at December 31, 2016	6,750		$	4.30
Exercised	—		—
Canceled/forfeited	(6,750	)	4.30
Expired	—		—
Balance at September 30, 2017	—		$	—

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is attributable to stock options and restricted stock unit awards. For all stock-based awards, we recognize expense using a straight-line amortization method.

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense and the impact it had on operations for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Cost of sales	$	10	$	13	$	40	$	37
Product development	16		24		45		60
Selling, general, and administrative	166		399		540		979
Total stock-based compensation	$	192	$	436	$	625	$	1,076

The table above excludes approximately $0.3 million in stock-based compensation expense from prior periods that was reversed and included as a reduction to restructuring expenses due to the workforce reduction associated with our restructuring actions in the first six months of 2017.

Total unearned stock-based compensation was $0.9 million at September 30, 2017, compared to $1.6 million at September 30, 2016. These costs will be charged to expense and amortized on a straight-line basis in future periods. The weighted average period over which the unearned compensation at September 30, 2017 is expected to be recognized is approximately 1.9 years.

Stock options

The fair value of each stock option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Estimates utilized in the calculation include the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rate, and expected volatility, and are further comparatively detailed as follows:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Fair value of options issued	$	2.66		$	5.36
Exercise price	$	3.55		$	7.59
Expected life of options (in years)	5.8			5.8
Risk-free interest rate	2.1		%	1.6		%
Expected volatility	91.9		%	93.9		%
Dividend yield	0.0		%	0.0		%

A summary of option activity under all plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is presented as follows:

	Number of Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2016	530,734		$	7.48
Granted	192,984		3.55
Exercised	(40,500	)	2.30
Canceled/forfeited	(298,720	)	5.73
Expired	(56,111	)	10.65
Balance at September 30, 2017	328,387		$	6.86	8.0
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2017	301,768		$	7.16	7.8
Exercisable at September 30, 2017	179,162		$	9.63	6.8

Restricted stock units

A summary of restricted stock unit activity under all plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is presented as follows:

	Restricted Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2016	250,115		$	6.34
Granted	375,542		3.18
Released	(115,622	)	5.78
Canceled/forfeited	(183,265	)	5.45
Balance at September 30, 2017	326,770		$	3.41	2.5

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

We may be the subject of threatened or pending legal actions and contingencies in the normal course of conducting our business. We provide for costs related to these matters when a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The effect of the outcome of these matters on our future results of operations and liquidity cannot be predicted because any such effect depends on future results of operations and the amount or timing of the resolution of such matters. For certain types of claims, we maintain insurance coverage for personal injury and property damage, product liability and other liability coverages in amounts and with deductibles that we believe are prudent, but there can be no assurance that these coverages will be applicable or adequate to cover adverse outcomes of claims or legal proceedings against us.

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of presentation

Basis of presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements (“financial statements”) include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiary Energy Focus Europe, Ltd. located in the United Kingdom, which is not active. Unless indicated otherwise, the information in the accompanying financial statements and Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements relates to our continuing operations.

We have prepared the accompanying financial data for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The accompanying financial data and information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (“2016 Annual Report”). The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2016 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

Use of estimates

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact us in the future, actual results may vary from the estimates. Estimates include, but are not limited to, the establishment of reserves for accounts receivable, sales returns, inventory obsolescence and warranty claims; the useful lives of property and equipment; valuation allowance for net deferred taxes; the cost and offsetting income related to subleased property; and stock-based compensation. In addition, estimates and assumptions associated with the determination of the fair value of financial instruments and evaluation of long-lived assets for impairment requires considerable judgment. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Certain amounts related to purchase price and manufacturing variances capitalized in inventories in 2016 and legal fees related to our restructuring actions in 2017 were reclassified to conform to current period reporting presentation with no impact on financial position, loss from operations, or cash used in operations.

Certain risks and concentrations

Certain risks and concentrations

We have certain customers whose net sales individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net sales, or whose net trade accounts receivable balance individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net trade accounts receivable

Recent accounting pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncements

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation: Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award would require an entity to apply modification accounting. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In November, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash, which requires entities to show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flow. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The new standard must be adopted retrospectively. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which is intended to reduce diversity in practice by making eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and will require adoption on a retrospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which significantly changes the accounting for credit losses on instruments within its scope. The new guidance introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain financial instruments, including trade receivables, and requires an entity to recognize an allowance based on its estimate of expected credit losses rather than incurred losses. This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and will generally require adoption on a modified retrospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which supersedes the current lease accounting requirements. This standard requires a lessee to record on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. In addition, this standard requires lessees to disclose certain key information about lease transactions. Upon implementation, an entity’s lease payment obligations will be recognized at their estimated present value along with a corresponding right-of-use asset. Lease expense recognition will be generally consistent with current practice. This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and will require adoption on a modified retrospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which amends certain aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. This amendment requires all equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income (other than those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in the consolidation of the investee). This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and will require adoption on a prospective basis with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the beginning balance sheet. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), as amended by ASU 2015-14, 2016-08, 2016-10, 2016-12, and 2016-20, which is a comprehensive revenue recognition standard which supersedes nearly all of the existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. This standard requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration the entity expects for receive in exchange for those goods or services. Entities will need to use more judgments and estimates than under the current guidance, including estimating the amount of variable revenue to recognize for each performance obligation. Additional disclosures regarding the nature, amount, and timing of revenues and cash flows from contracts will also be required. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period, using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach. We will adopt the standard on January 1, 2018, as required, using the modified retrospective approach. We continue to evaluate the impact the guidance in this ASU will have on our disclosures. At this time, we do not expect the guidance to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or financial position, as our revenue arrangements generally consist of a single performance obligation to transfer promised goods.

Net loss per share

Net loss per share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common shares consist of incremental shares upon the exercise or release of stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants, unless the effect would be anti-dilutive.

Product warranties

Product warranties

Through March 31, 2016, we warranted finished goods against defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for periods generally between one and five years. Beginning April 1, 2016, we warrant our commercial LED tubes, globes, and troffer luminaires for a period of ten years. Warranty settlement costs consist of actual amounts expensed for warranty, which are largely a result of the cost of replacement products provided to our customers. A liability for the estimated future costs under product warranties is maintained for products outstanding under warranty based on the actual claims incurred to date and the estimated nature, frequency, and costs of future claims. These estimates are inherently uncertain and changes to our historical or projected experience may cause material changes to our warranty reserves in the future. We continuously review the assumptions related to the adequacy of our warranty reserve, including product failure rates, and make adjustments to the existing warranty liability when there are changes to these estimates or the underlying replacement product costs, or the warranty period expires.

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Reconciliation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted net loss per share computations for the periods presented below (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Numerator:
Loss from continuing operations	$	(1,773	)	$	(3,177	)	$	(9,409	)	$	(9,070	)
Loss from discontinued operations	—			—			—			(12		)
Net loss	$	(1,773	)	$	(3,177	)	$	(9,409	)	$	(9,082	)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	11,856			11,690			11,789			11,666
Potential common shares from equity awards and warrants	—			—			—			—
Diluted weighted average shares	11,856			11,690			11,789			11,666

Schedule of warranty activity

The following table summarizes warranty activity for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	179		$	298		$	331		$	314
Warranty accruals for current period sales	18			65			152			111
Adjustments to existing warranties	30			(60		)	(36		)	(112		)
In kind settlements made during the period	(40		)	(8		)	(260		)	(18		)
Accrued warranty reserve	$	187		$	295		$	187		$	295

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Restructuring (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Schedule of Restructuring Reserve by Type of Cost

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of our restructuring liability:

	Severance and Related Benefits			Facilities			Other			Total
Balance at January 1, 2017	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Additions	643			19			12			674
Payments	(30		)	(19		)	(3		)	(52		)
Balance at March 31, 2017	$	613		$	—		$	9		$	622
Additions	127			811			106			1,044
Accretion of lease obligations	—			16			—			16
Write-offs	—			9			(95		)	(86		)
Payments	(313		)	(69		)	(20		)	(402		)
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	427		$	767		$	—		$	1,194
Additions	$	—		$	—		$	68		$	68
Accretion of lease obligations	$	—		$	8		$	—		$	8
Adjustment of lease obligations	$	—		$	(276	)	$	—		$	(276	)
Write-offs	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Payments	$	(253	)	$	(109	)	$	(68	)	$	(430	)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	174		$	390		$	—		$	564

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Inventories (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of inventory

Inventories are stated at the lower of standard cost (which approximates actual cost determined using the first-in, first-out cost method) or market, and consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Raw materials	$	4,263		$	5,049
Finished goods	7,468			10,016
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow moving inventories and valuation reserves	$	(4,952	)	$	(5,596	)
Inventories, net	$	6,779		$	9,469

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Property and Equipment and Assets Held For Sale (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets and consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Equipment (useful life 3 to 15 years)	$	1,749		$	2,231
Tooling (useful life 2 to 5 years)	371			863
Vehicles (useful life 5 years)	47			39
Furniture and fixtures (useful life 5 years)	137			170
Computer software (useful life 3 years)	1,043			977
Leasehold improvements (the shorter of useful life or lease life)	201			256
Projects in progress	48			154
Property and equipment at cost	3,596			4,690
Less: accumulated depreciation	(2,244		)	(2,365		)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,352		$	2,325

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Income Taxes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of the provision for (benefit from) income taxes

The components of the provision for income taxes are shown below for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Current:
U.S. federal	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1
State	—		10		—		21
Provision for income taxes	$	—	$	11	$	—	$	22

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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Summary of warrant activity

A summary of warrant activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is presented as follows:

	Warrants Outstanding		Weighted Average Exercise Price During Period
Balance at December 31, 2016	6,750		$	4.30
Exercised	—		—
Canceled/forfeited	(6,750	)	4.30
Expired	—		—
Balance at September 30, 2017	—		$	—

Summary of stock-based compensation expense

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense and the impact it had on operations for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Cost of sales	$	10	$	13	$	40	$	37
Product development	16		24		45		60
Selling, general, and administrative	166		399		540		979
Total stock-based compensation	$	192	$	436	$	625	$	1,076

Schedule of valuation assumptions

Estimates utilized in the calculation include the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rate, and expected volatility, and are further comparatively detailed as follows:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Fair value of options issued	$	2.66		$	5.36
Exercise price	$	3.55		$	7.59
Expected life of options (in years)	5.8			5.8
Risk-free interest rate	2.1		%	1.6		%
Expected volatility	91.9		%	93.9		%
Dividend yield	0.0		%	0.0		%

Summary of option activity

A summary of option activity under all plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is presented as follows:

	Number of Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2016	530,734		$	7.48
Granted	192,984		3.55
Exercised	(40,500	)	2.30
Canceled/forfeited	(298,720	)	5.73
Expired	(56,111	)	10.65
Balance at September 30, 2017	328,387		$	6.86	8.0
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2017	301,768		$	7.16	7.8
Exercisable at September 30, 2017	179,162		$	9.63	6.8

Restricted stock units

A summary of restricted stock unit activity under all plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is presented as follows:

	Restricted Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2016	250,115		$	6.34
Granted	375,542		3.18
Released	(115,622	)	5.78
Canceled/forfeited	(183,265	)	5.45
Balance at September 30, 2017	326,770		$	3.41	2.5

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) - shares shares in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Securities excluded from net loss per share calculation (in shares)		28	74	72	150
Warranty service periods	10 years
Minimum
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Warranty service periods				1 year
Maximum
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Warranty service periods				5 years
Geographic concentration risk | United States
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)				98.00%
Revenue | Geographic concentration risk | Countries outside of the United States
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)		1.00%	1.00%	1.00%	2.00%
Global Healthcare Systems, Northeast Ohio | Revenue | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)		23.00%		17.00%	11.00%
Global Healthcare Systems, Northeast Ohio | Accounts receivable | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)				18.00%		10.00%
ESCO | Revenue | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)		23.00%
Customer One | Revenue | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)			12.00%
Customer Two | Revenue | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)				12.00%
Customer Two | Accounts receivable | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)				28.00%
Atlantic Diving Supply, Inc. | Revenue | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)		12.00%	40.00%	12.00%	32.00%
Atlantic Diving Supply, Inc. | Accounts receivable | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)						63.00%
U.S. Navy | Revenue | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)		20.00%	46.00%	18.00%	40.00%

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Reconciliation of Basic and Diluted Loss per Share (Details) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Numerator:
Loss from continuing operations	$ (1,773)	$ (3,177)	$ (9,409)	$ (9,070)
Loss from discontinued operations	0	0	0	(12)
Net loss	$ (1,773)	$ (3,177)	$ (9,409)	$ (9,082)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	11,856	11,690	11,789	11,666
Potential common shares from equity awards and warrants (in shares)	0	0	0	0
Diluted weighted average shares (in shares)	11,856	11,690	11,789	11,666

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Warranty Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Movement in Standard and Extended Product Warranty, Increase (Decrease) [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 179	$ 298	$ 331	$ 314
Accruals for warranties issued	18	65	152	111
Adjustments to existing warranties	30	(60)	(36)	(112)
In kind settlements made during the period	(40)	(8)	(260)	(18)
Accrued warranty reserve	$ 187	$ 295	$ 187	$ 295

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Restructuring - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017 employee	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($) employee	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and related cost, number of positions eliminated | employee		17	20
Restructuring	$ (200,000)			$ 0	$ 1,534,000	$ 0
Restructuring and related cost, obligations to be satisfied, term					12 months
Restructuring and related Cost, estimate of sublease payments to be received					$ 1,300,000
Lease obligations	1,800,000				1,800,000
Additional restructuring charges expected	100,000				100,000
Cash and cash equivalents	11,935,000			19,587,000	11,935,000	19,587,000	$ 16,629,000	$ 34,640,000
Debt obligations	$ 0				0
Impact of restructuring activities on operating expenses, excluding restructuring and asset impairment charges				$ (3,100,000)		$ (6,700,000)
Restructuring Initiative 2017
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring initiative, reduction of annual operating costs, amount			$ 10,000,000
Severance and Related Benefits
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring					700,000
Facilities
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring					600,000
Other
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring					186,000
Minimum
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Impact of restructuring activities on operating expenses, excluding restructuring and asset impairment charges					8,000,000
Maximum
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Impact of restructuring activities on operating expenses, excluding restructuring and asset impairment charges					$ 9,000,000

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Restructuring - Reconciliation of Restructuring Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 1,194	$ 622	$ 0
Additions	68	1,044	674
Accretion of lease obligations	8	16
Adjustment of lease obligations	(276)
Write-offs	0	(86)
Payments	(430)	(402)	(52)
Ending balance	564	1,194	622
Severance and Related Benefits
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	427	613	0
Additions	0	127	643
Accretion of lease obligations	0	0
Adjustment of lease obligations	0
Write-offs	0	0
Payments	(253)	(313)	(30)
Ending balance	174	427	613
Facilities
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	767	0	0
Additions	0	811	19
Accretion of lease obligations	8	16
Adjustment of lease obligations	(276)
Write-offs	0	9
Payments	(109)	(69)	(19)
Ending balance	390	767	0
Other
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	0	9	0
Additions	68	106	12
Accretion of lease obligations	0	0
Adjustment of lease obligations	0
Write-offs	0	(95)
Payments	(68)	(20)	(3)
Ending balance	$ 0	$ 0	$ 9

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Discontinued Operations - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($)
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]
Legal fees	$ (12)

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Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 4,263	$ 5,049
Finished goods	7,468	10,016
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow moving inventories and valuation reserves	(4,952)	(5,596)
Inventories, net	$ 6,779	$ 9,469

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Property and Equipment and Assets Held For Sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	$ 3,596		$ 3,596		$ 4,690
Less: accumulated depreciation	(2,244)		(2,244)		(2,365)
Property and equipment, net	1,352		1,352		2,325
Depreciation	166	$ 200	514	$ 555
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	1,749		$ 1,749		2,231
Equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life			3 years
Equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life			15 years
Tooling
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	371		$ 371		863
Tooling | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life			2 years
Tooling | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life			5 years
Vehicles
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life			5 years
Property and equipment at cost	47		$ 47		39
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life			5 years
Property and equipment at cost	137		$ 137		170
Computer software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life			3 years
Property and equipment at cost	1,043		$ 1,043		977
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	201		201		256
Projects in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	$ 48		$ 48		154
Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale | Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost					$ 410

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Income Taxes - Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Current:
U.S. federal	$ 0	$ 1	$ 0	$ 1
State and local	0	10	0	21
Provision for income taxes	$ 0	$ 11	$ 0	$ 22

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Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - U.S. Federal, State and Local tax authorities - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carry-forward		$ 79.8
Operating loss carry-forward available	$ 18.5	$ 25.4

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Stockholders' Equity - Warrants (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 $ / shares shares
Warrants Outstanding
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares) | shares	6,750
Exercised (in shares) | shares	0
Canceled/forfeited (in shares) | shares	(6,750)
Expired (in shares) | shares	0
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares) | shares	0
Weighted Average Exercise Price During Period
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 4.30
Exercised (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	0.00
Canceled/forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	4.30
Expired (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	0.00
Outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.00

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Stockholders' Equity - Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 192	$ 436	$ 625	$ 1,076
Stock-based compensation reversal			(270)
Unearned stock-based compensation	900	1,600	$ 900	1,600
Unearned compensation expected to be recognized, period			1 year 10 months 24 days
Cost of sales
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	10	13	$ 40	37
Product development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	16	24	45	60
Selling, general, and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 166	$ 399	$ 540	$ 979

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Stockholders' Equity - Stock Options and a Summary of Activity (Details) - $ / shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Fair value of options issued (in dollars per share)	$ 2.66	$ 5.36
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.55	$ 7.59
Expected life of options (in years)	5 years 9 months 18 days	5 years 9 months 18 days
Risk-free interest rate	2.10%	1.60%
Expected volatility	91.90%	93.90%
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Number of Options
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares)	530,734
Granted (in shares)	192,984
Exercised (in shares)	(40,500)
Canceled/forfeited (in shares)	(298,720)
Expired (in shares)	(56,111)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares)	328,387
Vested and expected to vest at period end (in shares)	301,768
Exercisable at period end (in shares)	179,162
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 7.48
Granted (in dollars per share)	3.55
Exercised (in dollars per share)	2.30
Canceled/forfeited (in dollars per share)	5.73
Expired (in dollars per share)	10.65
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share)	6.86
Vested and expected to vest at period end (in dollars per share)	7.16
Exercisable at period end (in dollars per share)	$ 9.63
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Outstanding at end of period	8 years
Vested and expected to vest at period end	7 years 9 months 18 days
Exercisable at period end	6 years 9 months 18 days

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Stockholders' Equity - Restricted Stock Units (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 $ / shares shares
Restricted Stock Units
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares) | shares	530,734
Granted (in shares) | shares	192,984
Canceled/forfeited (in shares) | shares	(298,720)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares) | shares	328,387
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 7.48
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	3.55
Canceled/forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	5.73
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.86
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Outstanding at end of period	8 years
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted Stock Units
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares) | shares	250,115
Granted (in shares) | shares	375,542
Released (in shares) | shares	(115,622)
Canceled/forfeited (in shares) | shares	(183,265)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares) | shares	326,770
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.34
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	3.18
Released (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	5.78
Canceled/forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	5.45
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.41
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Outstanding at end of period	2 years 6 months