10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

for the quarterly period ended February 28, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

for the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission File No. 1-13146

THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Oregon	93-0816972
(State of Incorporation)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One Centerpointe Drive, Suite 200, Lake Oswego, OR	97035
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(503) 684-7000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock without par value	GBX	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, without par value, outstanding on April 5, 2023 was 31,922,937 shares.

FORM 10-Q

Table of Contents

		Page
	Forward-Looking Statements	3
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	5
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity	8
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	9
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	45
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	45
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	46
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	46
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	46
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	46
Item 6.	Exhibits	47
	Signatures	48

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of historical fact included in this report, concerning our plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, future performance, financing needs, plans or intentions relating to business trends and other information referred to under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" are forward-looking statements. We use words such “affect,” “anticipate,” “backlog,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “due to,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “identify,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “optimism,” “potential,” “trend,” “realize,” “seek,” “should,” “strategy,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance.
 

Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and beliefs and on currently available operating, financial and market information and are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Our expectations and beliefs are expressed in good faith and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them. However, there can be no assurance that our expectations or beliefs will result or be achieved and actual future results and trends may differ materially from what is expressed in or indicated by the forward-looking statements.

There are a number of risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this report. Such risks, uncertainties and important factors include but are not limited to the following:
 

•an economic downturn or economic uncertainty;

•price volatility for supplies to our business as well as goods and services in our industry;

•mismatch of supply and demand, interruptions of supply lines, inefficient or overloaded logistics platforms, among other factors which may cause the markets for the inputs to our business to fail to operate effectively or efficiently;

•inflation, including wage inflation and a rise in prices for energy and other inputs;

•monetary and other policy interventions by governments and central banks, including the increase of interest rates;

•shortages of skilled labor, increased labor costs, or a failure to maintain good relations with our workforce;

•impacts from international conflicts or other geopolitical events, including the war in Ukraine;

•changes in demand for our railcar equipment and services;

•equipment failures, technological failures, costs and inefficiencies associated with changing of production lines, or transfer of production between facilities;

•the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, the governmental reaction to COVID-19 and the related significant global volatility in general economic activity;

•being prevented from operating our manufacturing facilities, maintenance shops, wheel shops or other worksites due to the illness of our employees, “stay-at-home” regulations, and employee reluctance to appear for work for many different reasons including the implementation of any government-imposed vaccination or testing mandates;

•changes in our product mix or revenue due to shifts in demand;

•the cyclical nature of our business;

•the loss of, or reduction of, business from one or more of our limited number of customers;

•our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of our enhanced leasing strategy;

•a decline in performance, or increase in efficiency, of the rail freight industry;

•risks related to our operations outside of the United States (U.S.) including enforcement actions by regulators related to tax, environmental, labor, safety, or other regulations;

•governmental policy changes impacting international trade and corporate tax;

3

•a material delay in the movement of our products to customer delivery points; and

•our inability to lease railcars at satisfactory rates, remarket leased railcars on favorable terms upon lease termination, or realize the expected residual values for end of life railcars due to changes in scrap prices.

There may be other factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements, including the risks, uncertainties and factors described in more detail in Part I Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q which are incorporated herein by reference. You should evaluate all forward-looking statements made in this report in the context of these risks, uncertainties and factors. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s opinions only as of the date hereof. Except as otherwise required by law, we do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements. All references to years refer to the fiscal years ended August 31st unless otherwise noted.

4

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In millions, except number of shares which are reflected in thousands, unaudited)

	February 28, 2023			August 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	379.9		$	543.0
Restricted cash		19.7			16.1
Accounts receivable, net		571.5			501.2
Income tax receivable		22.4			39.8
Inventories		910.6			815.3
Leased railcars for syndication		102.5			111.1
Equipment on operating leases, net		891.8			770.9
Property, plant and equipment, net		618.4			645.2
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates		83.4			92.5
Intangibles and other assets, net		224.0			189.1
Goodwill		128.3			127.3
	$	3,952.5		$	3,851.5
Liabilities and Equity
Revolving notes	$	310.3		$	296.6
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		722.6			725.1
Deferred income taxes		70.2			68.6
Deferred revenue		73.0			35.3
Notes payable, net		1,327.0			1,269.1
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Contingently redeemable noncontrolling interest		27.5			27.7
Equity:
Greenbrier
Preferred stock - without par value; 25,000 shares    authorized; none outstanding		—			—
Common stock - without par value; 50,000 shares   authorized; 32,262 and 32,603 shares outstanding at   February 28, 2023 and August 31, 2022		—			—
Additional paid-in capital		403.0			424.8
Retained earnings		896.0			897.7
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(21.7	)		(45.6	)
Total equity – Greenbrier		1,277.3			1,276.9
Noncontrolling interest		144.6			152.2
Total equity		1,421.9			1,429.1
	$	3,952.5		$	3,851.5

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements

5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(In millions, except number of shares which are reflected in thousands and per share amounts, unaudited)

	Three Months Ended February 28,						Six Months Ended February 28,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenue
Manufacturing	$	968.6		$	555.7		$	1,615.1		$	1,008.2
Maintenance Services		98.0			86.6			183.5			159.0
Leasing & Management Services		55.4			40.5			89.9			66.3
		1,122.0			682.8			1,888.5			1,233.5
Cost of revenue
Manufacturing		901.2			535.0			1,505.7			956.6
Maintenance Services		89.6			81.7			169.2			152.9
Leasing & Management Services		14.4			11.3			27.3			21.6
		1,005.2			628.0			1,702.2			1,131.1
Margin		116.8			54.8			186.3			102.4
Selling and administrative expense		59.0			54.7			112.4			99.0
Net gain on disposition of equipment		(9.6	)		(25.1	)		(12.9	)		(33.6	)
Impairment of long-lived assets		—			—			24.2			—
Earnings from operations		67.4			25.2			62.6			37.0
Other costs
Interest and foreign exchange		21.6			11.8			41.2			24.4
Earnings before income tax and earnings from unconsolidated affiliates		45.8			13.4			21.4			12.6
Income tax expense		(11.9	)		(3.2	)		(8.1	)		(1.8	)
Earnings before earnings from unconsolidated affiliates		33.9			10.2			13.3			10.8
Earnings from unconsolidated affiliates		2.9			1.0			6.2			6.0
Net earnings		36.8			11.2			19.5			16.8
Net (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		(3.7	)		1.6			(3.1	)		6.8
Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier	$	33.1		$	12.8		$	16.4		$	23.6
Basic earnings per common share	$	1.01		$	0.39		$	0.50		$	0.72
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.97		$	0.38		$	0.49		$	0.70
Weighted average common shares:
Basic		32,588			32,582			32,654			32,546
Diluted		34,400			34,463			33,654			33,609

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements

6

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(In millions, unaudited)

	Three Months Ended February 28,					Six Months Ended February 28,
	2023			2022		2023			2022
Net earnings	$	36.8		$	11.2	$	19.5		$	16.8
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Translation adjustment		5.4			4.3		10.9			(9.6	)
Reclassification of derivative financial instruments    recognized in net earnings1		(1.6	)		1.3		(2.1	)		2.3
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative financial    instruments2		6.1			0.8		15.0			(2.4	)
Other (net of tax effect)		0.1			0.2		0.1			0.1
		10.0			6.6		23.9			(9.6	)
Comprehensive income		46.8			17.8		43.4			7.2
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to    noncontrolling interest		(3.7	)		1.6		(3.1	)		6.8
Comprehensive income attributable to Greenbrier	$	43.1		$	19.4	$	40.3		$	14.0

1 Net of tax effect of $0.7 million and $(0.2 million) for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022 and $1.0 million and $(0.7 million) for the six months ended February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022.

2 Net of tax effect of $(3.8 million) and $(0.8 million) for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022 and $(6.8 million) and $0.2 million for the six months ended February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements

7

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

(In millions, except per share amounts, unaudited)

	Attributable to Greenbrier
	Common Stock Shares			Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained   Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Equity - Greenbrier			Noncontrolling Interest			Total Equity			Contingently Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Balance August 31, 2022		32.6		$	424.8		$	897.7		$	(45.6	)	$	1,276.9		$	152.2		$	1,429.1		$	27.7
Net earnings		—			—			16.4			—			16.4			3.3			19.7			(0.2	)
Other comprehensive income, net		—			—			—			23.9			23.9			—			23.9			—
Noncontrolling interest adjustments		—			(7.9	)		—			—			(7.9	)		(2.0	)		(9.9	)		—
Joint venture partner    distribution declared		—			—			—			—			—			(8.9	)		(8.9	)		—
Restricted stock awards (net of    cancellations)		0.2			9.0			—			—			9.0			—			9.0			—
Unamortized restricted stock		—			(11.4	)		—			—			(11.4	)		—			(11.4	)		—
Stock based compensation expense		—			5.9			—			—			5.9			—			5.9			—
Repurchase of stock		(0.5	)		(17.4	)		—			—			(17.4	)		—			(17.4	)		—
Cash dividends ($0.54 per share)		—			—			(18.1	)		—			(18.1	)		—			(18.1	)
Balance February 28, 2023		32.3		$	403.0		$	896.0		$	(21.7	)	$	1,277.3		$	144.6		$	1,421.9		$	27.5

	Attributable to Greenbrier
	Common Stock Shares			Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained   Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Equity - Greenbrier			Noncontrolling Interest			Total Equity			Contingently Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Balance November 30, 2022		32.8		$	425.6		$	871.9		$	(31.7	)	$	1,265.8		$	152.1		$	1,417.9		$	27.7
Net earnings		—			—			33.1			—			33.1			3.9			37.0			(0.2	)
Other comprehensive income, net		—			—			—			10.0			10.0			—			10.0			—
Noncontrolling interest adjustments		—			(7.9	)		—			—			(7.9	)		(7.5	)		(15.4	)		—
Joint venture partner    distribution declared		—			—			—			—			—			(3.9	)		(3.9	)		—
Restricted stock awards (net of    cancellations)		—			0.5			—			—			0.5			—			0.5			—
Unamortized restricted stock		—			(0.5	)		—			—			(0.5	)		—			(0.5	)		—
Stock based compensation expense		—			2.7			—			—			2.7			—			2.7			—
Repurchase of stock		(0.5	)		(17.4	)								(17.4	)					(17.4	)
Cash dividends ($0.27 per share)		—			—			(9.0	)		—			(9.0	)		—			(9.0	)		—
Balance February 28, 2023		32.3		$	403.0		$	896.0		$	(21.7	)	$	1,277.3		$	144.6		$	1,421.9		$	27.5

	Attributable to Greenbrier
	Common Stock Shares		Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained   Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Equity - Greenbrier			Noncontrolling Interest			Total Equity			Contingently Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Balance August 31, 2021		32.4	$	469.7		$	881.7		$	(43.7	)	$	1,307.7		$	168.7		$	1,476.4		$	29.7
Cumulative effect adjustment due    to adoption of ASU 2020-06		—		(58.8	)		4.9			—			(53.9	)		—			(53.9	)		—
Net earnings		—		—			23.6			—			23.6			(5.6	)		18.0			(1.2	)
Other comprehensive income, net		—		—			—			(9.6	)		(9.6	)		—			(9.6	)		—
Noncontrolling interest adjustments		—		—			—			—			—			(0.6	)		(0.6	)		—
Joint venture partner    distribution declared		—		—			—			—			—			(8.4	)		(8.4	)		—
Restricted stock awards (net of    cancellations)		0.2		11.9			—			—			11.9			—			11.9			—
Unamortized restricted stock		—		(15.3	)		—			—			(15.3	)		—			(15.3	)		—
Stock based compensation expense		—		5.9			—			—			5.9			—			5.9			—
Cash dividends ($0.54 per share)		—		—			(17.7	)		—			(17.7	)		—			(17.7	)		—
Balance February 28, 2022		32.6	$	413.4		$	892.5		$	(53.3	)	$	1,252.6		$	154.1		$	1,406.7		$	28.5

	Attributable to Greenbrier
	Common Stock Shares		Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained   Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Equity - Greenbrier			Noncontrolling Interest			Total Equity			Contingently Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Balance November 30, 2021		32.5	$	408.5		$	888.7		$	(59.9	)	$	1,237.3		$	162.7		$	1,400.0		$	29.7
Net earnings		—		—			12.8			—			12.8			(0.4	)		12.4			(1.2	)
Other comprehensive income, net		—		—			—			6.6			6.6			—			6.6			—
Noncontrolling interest adjustments		—		—			—			—			—			(0.4	)		(0.4	)		—
Joint venture partner    distribution declared		—		—			—			—			—			(7.8	)		(7.8	)		—
Restricted stock awards (net of    cancellations)		0.1		1.4			—			—			1.4			—			1.4			—
Unamortized restricted stock		—		(1.3	)		—			—			(1.3	)		—			(1.3	)		—
Restricted stock amortization		—		4.8			—			—			4.8			—			4.8			—
Cash dividends ($0.27 per share)		—		—			(9.0	)		—			(9.0	)		—			(9.0	)		—
Balance February 28, 2022		32.6	$	413.4		$	892.5		$	(53.3	)	$	1,252.6		$	154.1		$	1,406.7		$	28.5

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements

8

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In millions, unaudited)

	Six Months Ended February 28,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net earnings	$	19.5		$	16.8
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash used in operating activities:
Deferred income taxes		(33.9	)		(4.3	)
Depreciation and amortization		52.9			50.9
Net gain on disposition of equipment		(12.9	)		(33.6	)
Stock based compensation expense		5.9			5.9
Impairment of long-lived assets		24.2			—
Noncontrolling interest adjustments		2.3			(0.6	)
Other		1.9			2.4
Decrease (increase) in assets:
Accounts receivable, net		(57.8	)		(93.5	)
Income tax receivable		17.4			6.2
Inventories		(90.4	)		(166.5	)
Leased railcars for syndication		(40.1	)		(12.2	)
Other assets		(12.8	)		(8.5	)
Increase (decrease) in liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(9.7	)		15.2
Deferred revenue		37.1			1.5
Net cash used in operating activities		(96.4	)		(220.3	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from sales of assets		62.1			148.6
Capital expenditures		(169.7	)		(198.0	)
Investments in and advances to / repayments from unconsolidated affiliates		(3.5	)		(4.2	)
Cash distribution from unconsolidated affiliates and other		5.9			1.2
Net cash used in investing activities		(105.2	)		(52.4	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net change in revolving notes with maturities of 90 days or less		(64.4	)		(75.6	)
Proceeds from revolving notes with maturities longer than 90 days		220.0			—
Repayments of revolving notes with maturities longer than 90 days		(145.0	)		—
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable		75.0			323.3
Repayments of notes payable		(18.2	)		(7.6	)
Debt issuance costs		(0.2	)		(5.2	)
Repurchase of stock		(16.7	)		—
Dividends		(18.1	)		(18.1	)
Cash distribution to joint venture partner		(6.4	)		(8.5	)
Tax payments for net share settlement of restricted stock		(2.3	)		(3.5	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		23.7			204.8
Effect of exchange rate changes		18.4			(1.0	)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		(159.5	)		(68.9	)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Beginning of period		559.1			671.4
End of period	$	399.6		$	602.5
Balance sheet reconciliation
Cash and cash equivalents	$	379.9		$	586.8
Restricted cash		19.7			15.7
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as presented above	$	399.6		$	602.5
Cash paid during the period for
Interest	$	31.3		$	14.9
Income taxes paid, net	$	19.5		$	1.7
Non-cash activity
Transfers between Leased railcars for syndication and Inventories and    Equipment on operating leases, net	$	39.7		$	10.5
Capital expenditures accrued in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	4.4		$	2.6
Change in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities associated with dividends declared	$	0.1		$	0.4
Change in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities associated with cash    distributions to joint venture partner	$	2.5		$	0.1
Repurchase of stock accrued in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	0.7		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements

9

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1 – Interim Financial Statements

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. and its subsidiaries (Greenbrier or the Company) as of February 28, 2023 and for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022 have been prepared to reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods indicated. The results of operations for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year ending August 31, 2023.

Certain notes and other information have been condensed or omitted from the interim financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Therefore, these unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2022.

Management Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (GAAP) requires judgment on the part of management to arrive at estimates and assumptions on matters that are inherently uncertain. These estimates may affect the amount of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities within the financial statements. Estimates and assumptions are periodically evaluated and may be adjusted in future periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Share Repurchase Program – The Board of Directors has authorized the Company to repurchase in aggregate up to $100.0 million of the Company’s common stock. The program may be modified, suspended, or discontinued at any time without prior notice. Under the share repurchase program, shares of common stock may be purchased from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. The timing and amount of purchases will be based upon market conditions, securities law limitations and other factors. The share repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire any specific number of shares in any period. The prior authorization was set to expire on January 31, 2023. On January 5, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the extension of the existing share repurchase program to January 31, 2025.

During the three and six months ended February 28, 2023, the Company purchased a total of 575 thousand shares for $17.4 million, of which 478 thousand shares for $14.1 million were purchased under the current authorization of the share repurchase program. As of February 28, 2023, the amount remaining for repurchase under the share repurchase program was $85.9 million. There were no shares repurchased under the share repurchase program during the six months ended February 28, 2022.

Initial Adoption of Accounting Standards

Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standard Update (ASU) 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (ASU 2020-04), which provides practical expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The elective amendments provide expedients to contract modification, affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The expedients and exceptions provided by this guidance apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued as a result of reference rate reform. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, to extend the temporary accounting rules under Topic 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. This guidance is not applicable to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2024. During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022, the Company adopted the optional relief guidance provided under ASU 2020-04 after modifying certain debt to update the reference rate from LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR). This caused a temporary mismatch in our interest rate swap and debt for a period of time. The application of this expedient preserves the presentation of the derivatives consistent with past presentation. The Company will continue to assess the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable going forward.

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Note 2 – Revenue Recognition

Contract balances

Contract assets primarily consist of unbilled receivables related to marine vessel construction for which the respective contracts do not yet permit billing at the reporting date, and railcar maintenance inventories. Contract liabilities primarily consist of customer prepayments for manufacturing, maintenance, and other management-type services, for which the Company has not yet satisfied the related performance obligations.

The contract balances are as follows:

(in millions)	Balance sheet classification	February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022		$ change
Contract assets	Accounts receivable, net	$	2.4	$	13.0	$	(10.6	)
Contract assets	Inventories	$	8.2	$	6.0	$	2.2
Contract liabilities 1	Deferred revenue	$	65.7	$	30.5	$	35.2

1 Contract liabilities balance includes deferred revenue within the scope of Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).

For the three and six months ended February 28, 2023, the Company recognized $2.3 million and $10.0 million of revenue that was included in Contract liabilities as of August 31, 2022.

Performance obligations

As of February 28, 2023, the Company has entered into contracts with customers for which revenue has not yet been recognized. The following table outlines estimated revenue related to performance obligations wholly or partially unsatisfied, that the Company anticipates will be recognized in future periods.

(in millions)	February 28, 2023
Revenue type:
Manufacturing – Railcar sales	$	2,321.9
Manufacturing – Marine	$	43.2
Manufacturing – Sustainable conversions	$	103.8
Management services	$	130.1
Other	$	11.5

Based on current production and delivery schedules and existing contracts, approximately $1.3 billion of Railcar sales are expected to be recognized in the remaining six months of 2023 while the remaining amount is expected to be recognized into calendar 2024.

Marine revenue is expected to be recognized into 2024 as vessel construction is completed.

Sustainable conversions represent orders to modernize existing railcars and are expected to be recognized through 2023.

Management services includes management and maintenance services of which approximately 50% are expected to be performed through 2027 and the remaining amount through 2037.

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Note 3 – Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in first-out method. Work-in-process includes material, labor and overhead. Finished goods includes completed wheels, parts and railcars not on lease or in transit. The following table summarizes the Company’s inventory balance:

(in millions)	February 28, 2023			August 31, 2022
Manufacturing supplies and raw materials	$	686.7		$	570.2
Work-in-process		140.3			183.3
Finished goods		99.2			75.9
Excess and obsolete adjustment		(15.6	)		(14.1	)
	$	910.6		$	815.3

Note 4 – Gunderson Facility

On November 17, 2022, as part of the Company's strategic review of the global business capacity footprint, the Company decided to permanently cease rail production at the Company’s Gunderson facility during 2023 and to explore alternatives to exit marine barge production in the first part of calendar 2024. Due to the change in future use of the facility, management assessed recoverability of Gunderson assets in accordance with the Company’s policy on impairment of long-lived assets. Based on an analysis of future undiscounted cash flows associated with these assets, management determined that the carrying value was not recoverable. The carrying amount of the Company’s long-lived assets at the Gunderson facility was $44.0 million and the fair value was $19.8 million as of the impairment date. The fair value was primarily determined based on estimated market prices of the assets and represented a Level 3 valuation in the fair value hierarchy. In the first quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company concluded that an impairment charge was necessary and $24.2 million was recorded in the Manufacturing segment as Impairment of long-lived assets within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Although it is possible that costs and charges related to the cessation of production at the facility, such as exit costs and termination benefits may be incurred in future periods, the amount of any such costs and charges is not estimable at this time and the Company does not yet know if the amount of any such costs and charges will be material.

Note 5 – Intangibles and Other Assets, net

Intangible assets that are determined to have finite lives are amortized over their useful lives. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized and are periodically evaluated for impairment.

The following table summarizes the Company’s identifiable Intangible and other assets balance:

(in millions)	February 28, 2023			August 31, 2022
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Customer relationships	$	87.5		$	87.5
Accumulated amortization		(67.6	)		(66.1	)
Other intangibles		42.7			42.4
Accumulated amortization		(19.6	)		(16.5	)
		43.0			47.3
Intangible assets not subject to amortization		2.4			2.4
Prepaid and other assets		76.4			32.4
Operating lease ROU assets		50.0			54.2
Nonqualified savings plan investments		45.1			40.3
Debt issuance costs, net		6.8			8.7
Assets held for sale		0.3			3.8
	$	224.0		$	189.1

Amortization expense was $2.0 million and $4.0 million for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023, respectively and $2.3 million and $5.4 million for the three and six months ended February 28, 2022, respectively. Amortization expense for the years ending August 31, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026 and 2027 is expected to be $8.3 million, $7.5 million, $6.5 million, $6.1 million and $5.3 million, respectively.

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Note 6 – Revolving Notes

Senior secured credit facilities aggregated to $1.1 billion as of February 28, 2023. The Company had an aggregate of $436.0 million available to draw down under committed credit facilities as of February 28, 2023. This amount consists of $364.1 million available on the North American credit facility, $36.9 million on the European credit facilities and $35.0 million on the Mexican credit facilities.

North America – As of February 28, 2023, a $600.0 million revolving line of credit, maturing August 2026, secured by substantially all the Company’s U.S. assets not otherwise pledged as security for term loans or the warehouse credit facility, existed to provide working capital and interim financing of equipment, principally for the Company’s U.S. and Mexican operations. Advances under this North American credit facility bear interest at SOFR plus 1.75% plus 0.10% as a SOFR adjustment or Prime plus 0.75% depending on the type of borrowing. Available borrowings under the credit facility are generally based on defined levels of eligible inventory, receivables, property, plant and equipment and leased equipment, as well as total debt to consolidated capitalization and fixed charges coverage ratios.

GBX Leasing – As of February 28, 2023, a $350.0 million non-recourse warehouse credit facility existed to support the operations of GBX Leasing. Advances under this facility bear interest at SOFR plus 1.85% plus 0.11% as a SOFR adjustment. The warehouse credit facility converts to a term loan in August 2025 and matures in August 2027.

Europe – As of February 28, 2023, lines of credit totaling $71.7 million secured by certain of the Company’s European assets, with variable rates that range from Warsaw Interbank Offered Rate (WIBOR) plus 1.2% to WIBOR plus 1.6% and Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURIBOR) plus 1.1% to EURIBOR plus 1.5%, were available for working capital needs of the Company’s European manufacturing operations. The European lines of credit include $35.0 million which is guaranteed by the Company. European credit facilities are regularly renewed. Currently, these European credit facilities have maturities that range from June 2023 through September 2024.

Mexico – As of February 28, 2023, the Company’s Mexican railcar manufacturing operations had three lines of credit totaling $120.0 million for working capital needs. The first line of credit provides up to $50.0 million and matures in October 2024. Advances under this facility bear interest at LIBOR plus 4.25%. The second line of credit provides up to $40.0 million, of which the Company and its joint venture partner have each guaranteed 50%. Advances under this facility bear interest at SOFR plus 2.55%. The Mexican railcar manufacturing joint venture will be able to draw amounts available under this facility through February 2025. The third line of credit provides up to $30.0 million, of which the Company and its joint venture partner have each guaranteed 50%. Advances under this facility bear interest at LIBOR plus 3.75% to 4.25%. The Mexican railcar manufacturing joint venture will be able to draw amounts available under this facility through June 2024.

Revolving notes consisted of the following balances:

(in millions)	February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022
North America	$	125.0	$	160.0
GBX Leasing		65.5		—
Europe		34.8		51.6
Mexico		85.0		85.0
	$	310.3	$	296.6

Outstanding commitments under the North American credit facility included letters of credit which totaled $5.5 million and $6.9 million as of February 28, 2023 and August 31, 2022, respectively.

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Note 7 – Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

(in millions)	February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022
Trade payables	$	408.0	$	401.5
Accrued liabilities and other		109.4		102.8
Operating lease liabilities		52.0		56.4
Accrued payroll and related liabilities		128.7		140.4
Accrued warranty		24.5		24.0
	$	722.6	$	725.1

Note 8 – Warranty Accruals

Warranty costs are estimated and charged to operations to cover a defined warranty period. The estimated warranty cost is based on the history of warranty claims for each particular product type. For new product types without a warranty history, preliminary estimates are based on historical information for similar product types. The warranty accruals, included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, are reviewed periodically and updated based on warranty trends and expirations of warranty periods.

Warranty accrual activity:

	Three Months Ended February 28,						Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	23.7		$	27.5		$	24.0		$	27.9
Charged to cost of revenue, net		1.7			5.5			2.9			6.4
Payments		(1.0	)		(2.8	)		(2.6	)		(3.8	)
Currency translation effect		0.1			(0.1	)		0.2			(0.4	)
Balance at end of period	$	24.5		$	30.1		$	24.5		$	30.1

Note 9 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax effect as appropriate, consisted of the following:

(in millions)	Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivative Financial Instruments			Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment			Other			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance, August 31, 2022	$	13.0		$	(57.4	)	$	(1.2	)	$	(45.6	)
Other comprehensive gain before reclassifications		15.0			10.9			0.1			26.0
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other    comprehensive loss		(2.1	)		—			—			(2.1	)
Balance, February 28, 2023	$	25.9		$	(46.5	)	$	(1.1	)	$	(21.7	)

The amounts reclassified out of Accumulated other comprehensive loss into the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, with financial statement caption, were as follows:

	Three Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023			2022			Financial Statement Caption
(Gain) loss on derivative financial instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	0.1		$	0.2		Revenue and Cost of revenue
Interest rate swap contracts		(2.4	)		1.3		Interest and foreign exchange
		(2.3	)		1.5		Total before tax
		0.7			(0.2	)	Income tax expense
	$	(1.6	)	$	1.3		Net of tax

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	Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023			2022			Financial Statement Caption
(Gain) loss on derivative financial instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	0.3		$	0.4		Revenue and Cost of revenue
Interest rate swap contracts		(3.4	)		2.6		Interest and foreign exchange
		(3.1	)		3.0		Total before tax
		1.0			(0.7	)	Income tax expense
	$	(2.1	)	$	2.3		Net of tax

Note 10 – Earnings Per Share

The shares used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share are reconciled as follows:

	Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding (1)		32,588		32,582		32,654		32,546
Dilutive effect of 2.875% convertible notes due 2024 (2)		821		815		—		—
Dilutive effect of 2.875% convertible notes due 2028 (3)		—		—		—		—
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units (4)		991		1,066		1,000		1,063
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding		34,400		34,463		33,654		33,609

(1) Restricted stock grants and restricted stock units that are considered participating securities, including some grants subject to certain performance criteria, are included in weighted average basic common shares outstanding when the Company is in a net earnings position.

(2) The dilutive effect of the 2.875% Convertible notes due 2024 was excluded for the six months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022 as they were considered anti-dilutive under the “if converted” method as further discussed below.

(3) The dilutive effect of the 2.875% Convertible notes due 2028 was excluded for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022 as the average stock price was less than the applicable conversion price and therefore was considered anti-dilutive. As these notes require cash settlement for the principal, only a premium is potentially dilutive under the "if converted" method as further discussed below.

(4) Restricted stock units that are not considered participating securities and restricted stock units subject to performance criteria, for which actual levels of performance above target have been achieved, are included in weighted average diluted common shares outstanding when the Company is in a net earnings position.

Basic earnings per common share (EPS) is computed by dividing Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier by weighted average basic common shares outstanding, which includes restricted stock grants and restricted stock units that are considered participating securities when the Company is in a net earnings position.

For the three and six months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, diluted EPS was calculated using the more dilutive of two methods. The first method includes the dilutive effect, using the treasury stock method, associated with restricted stock units that are not considered participating securities and performance based restricted stock units subject to performance criteria, for which actual levels of performance above target have been achieved. The second method supplements the first by also including the “if converted” effect of the 2.875% Convertible notes due 2024 and shares underlying the 2.875% Convertible notes due 2028, when there is a conversion premium. Under the “if converted” method, debt issuance and interest costs, both net of tax, associated with the convertible notes due 2024 are added back to net earnings and the share count is increased by the shares underlying the convertible notes.

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	Three Months Ended February 28,						Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions, except shares which are reflected in thousands, and per share amounts)	2023			2022			2023		2022
Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier	$	33.1		$	12.8		$	16.4	$	23.6
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding		32,588			32,582			32,654		32,546
Basic earnings per share	$	1.01		$	0.39		$	0.50	$	0.72
Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier	$	33.1		$	12.8		$	16.4	$	23.6
Add back:
Interest and debt issuance costs on the 2.875%      convertible notes due 2024, net of tax		0.3			0.3		n/a		n/a
Earnings before interest and debt issuance costs      on the 2.875% convertible notes due 2024	$	33.4		$	13.1		n/a		n/a
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding		34,400			34,463			33,654		33,609
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.97	(1)	$	0.38	(1)	$	0.49	$	0.70

(1) Diluted earnings per share was calculated as follows:

Earnings before interest and debt issuance costs on the 2.875% convertible notes due 2024

Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding

Note 11 – Stock Based Compensation

The value of stock based compensation awards is amortized as compensation expense from the date of grant through the earlier of the vesting period or in some instances the recipient’s eligible retirement date. Stock based compensation expense consists of restricted stock unit awards.

Stock based compensation expense was $2.7 million and $5.9 million for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023, respectively and $4.9 million and $5.9 million for the three and six months ended February 28, 2022, respectively. Compensation expense is recorded in Selling and administrative expense and Cost of revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Note 12 – Derivative Instruments

Foreign operations give rise to market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Foreign currency forward exchange contracts with established financial institutions are utilized to hedge a portion of that risk. Interest rate swap agreements are used to reduce the impact of changes in interest rates on certain current and probable future debt. The Company’s foreign currency forward exchange contracts and interest rate swap agreements are designated as cash flow hedges, and therefore the effective portion of unrealized gains and losses is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income.

At February 28, 2023 exchange rates, notional amounts of forward exchange contracts for the purchase of Polish Zlotys and the sale of Euros; and the purchase of Mexican Pesos and the sale of U.S. Dollars aggregated to $89.1 million. The fair value of the contracts is included on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as Accounts payable and accrued liabilities when in a loss position, or as Accounts receivable, net when in a gain position. As the contracts mature at various dates through August 2024, any such gain or loss remaining will be recognized in manufacturing revenue or cost of revenue along with the related transactions. In the event that the underlying transaction does not occur or does not occur in the period designated at the inception of the hedge, the amount classified in accumulated other comprehensive loss would be reclassified to the results of operations in Interest and foreign exchange at the time of occurrence. At February 28, 2023 exchange rates, approximately $(0.4 million) of loss would be reclassified to revenue or cost of revenue in the next year.

At February 28, 2023, interest rate swap agreements maturing from September 2023 through January 2032 had notional amounts that aggregated to $468.4 million. The fair value of the contracts is included on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities when in a loss position, or in Accounts receivable, net when in a gain position. As interest expense on the underlying debt is recognized, amounts corresponding to the interest rate swap are reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss and charged or credited to interest expense. At February 28, 2023 interest rates, approximately $13.5 million of gain would be reclassified to interest expense in the next year.
 

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Fair Values of Derivative Instruments

(in millions)

	Asset Derivatives					Liability Derivatives
		February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022			February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022
	Balance sheet location	Fair Value		Fair Value		Balance sheet location	Fair Value		Fair Value
Derivatives designated    as hedging    instruments
Foreign forward    exchange contracts	Accounts receivable, net	$	1.5	$	0.6	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	0.4	$	2.9
Interest rate swap contracts	Accounts receivable, net		36.4		20.8	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		—		-
		$	37.9	$	21.4		$	0.4	$	2.9
Derivatives not    designated as    hedging instruments
Foreign forward   exchange contracts	Accounts receivable,   net	$	—	$	—	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	—	$	0.1

The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Statements of Income

(in millions)

Three Months Ended February 28, 2023 and 2022

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	Location of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives	Gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives three months ended February 28,
		2023			2022
Foreign forward exchange contract	Interest and foreign exchange	$	(0.3	)	$	(0.1	)

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	Gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives three months ended February 28,					Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income	Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income three months ended February 28,						Location of gain (loss) on derivative (amount excluded from effectiveness testing)	Gain (loss) recognized on derivative (amount excluded from effectiveness testing) three months ended February 28,
	2023		2022				2023			2022				2023		2022
Foreign    forward    exchange    contracts	$	0.5	$	(0.4	)	Revenue	$	(0.5	)	$	(0.2	)	Revenue	$	0.5	$	0.3
Foreign    forward    exchange    contracts		0.8		1.4		Cost of revenue		0.4			—		Cost of    revenue		0.3		0.3
Interest rate    swap    contracts		8.6		0.6		Interest and foreign exchange		2.4			(1.3	)	Interest and    foreign    exchange		—		—
	$	9.9	$	1.6			$	2.3		$	(1.5	)		$	0.8	$	0.6

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The following table presents the amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income in which the effects of the cash flow hedges are recorded and the effects of the cash flow hedge activity on these line items for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022:

	For The Three Months Ended February 28,
	2023					2022
	Total		Amount of gain (loss) on cash flow hedge activity			Total		Amount of gain (loss) on cash flow hedge activity
Revenue	$	1,122.0	$	(0.5	)	$	682.8	$	(0.2	)
Cost of revenue	$	1,005.2	$	0.4		$	628.0	$	—
Interest and foreign exchange	$	21.6	$	2.4		$	11.8	$	(1.3	)

Six Months Ended February 28, 2023 and 2022

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	Location of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives	Gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives six months ended February 28,
		2023			2022
Foreign forward exchange contract	Interest and foreign exchange	$	(0.3	)	$	(0.4	)

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	Gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives six months ended February 28,					Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income	Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income six months ended February 28,						Location of gain (loss) on derivative (amount excluded from effectiveness testing)	Gain (loss) recognized on derivative (amount excluded from effectiveness testing) six months ended February 28,
	2023		2022				2023			2022				2023		2022
Foreign    forward    exchange    contracts	$	2.0	$	(5.0	)	Revenue	$	(0.9	)	$	(0.4	)	Revenue	$	0.8	$	0.5
Foreign    forward    exchange    contracts		1.1		0.1		Cost of revenue		0.6			—		Cost of    revenue		0.4		0.4
Interest rate    swap    contracts		19.0		2.3		Interest and foreign exchange		3.4			(2.6	)	Interest and    foreign    exchange		—		—
	$	22.1	$	(2.6	)		$	3.1		$	(3.0	)		$	1.2	$	0.9

The following table presents the amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income in which the effects of the cash flow hedges are recorded and the effects of the cash flow hedge activity on these line items for the six months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022:

	For The Six Months Ended February 28,
	2023					2022
	Total		Amount of gain (loss) on cash flow hedge activity			Total		Amount of gain (loss) on cash flow hedge activity
Revenue	$	1,888.5	$	(0.9	)	$	1,233.5	$	(0.4	)
Cost of revenue	$	1,702.2	$	0.6		$	1,131.1	$	—
Interest and foreign exchange	$	41.2	$	3.4		$	24.4	$	(2.6	)

Note 13 – Segment Information

The Company operates in three reportable segments: Manufacturing; Maintenance Services; and Leasing & Management Services.

The accounting policies of the segments are described in the summary of significant accounting policies in the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2022. Performance is evaluated based on Earnings (loss) from operations. Corporate includes selling and

18

administrative costs not directly related to goods and services and certain costs that are intertwined among segments due to our integrated business model. The Company does not allocate Interest and foreign exchange or Income tax expense for either external or internal reporting purposes. Intersegment sales and transfers are valued as if the sales or transfers were to third parties. Related revenue and margin are eliminated in consolidation and therefore are not included in consolidated results in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

The information in the following table is derived directly from the segments’ internal financial reports used for corporate management purposes.

For the three months ended February 28, 2023:

	Revenue								Earnings (loss) from operations
(in millions)	External		Intersegment			Total			External			Intersegment			Total
Manufacturing	$	968.6	$	96.8		$	1,065.4		$	46.6		$	8.8		$	55.4
Maintenance Services		98.0		6.2			104.2			6.8			—			6.8
Leasing & Management Services		55.4		0.5			55.9			40.7			0.1			40.8
Eliminations		—		(103.5	)		(103.5	)		—			(8.9	)		(8.9	)
Corporate		—		—			—			(26.7	)		—			(26.7	)
	$	1,122.0	$	—		$	1,122.0		$	67.4		$	—		$	67.4

For the six months ended February 28, 2023:

	Revenue								Earnings (loss) from operations
(in millions)	External		Intersegment			Total			External			Intersegment			Total
Manufacturing	$	1,615.1	$	141.3		$	1,756.4		$	43.2		$	12.8		$	56.0
Maintenance Services		183.5		14.7			198.2			12.3			—			12.3
Leasing & Management Services		89.9		0.7			90.6			56.3			0.1			56.4
Eliminations		—		(156.7	)		(156.7	)		—			(12.9	)		(12.9	)
Corporate		—		—			—			(49.2	)		—			(49.2	)
	$	1,888.5	$	—		$	1,888.5		$	62.6		$	—		$	62.6

For the three months ended February 28, 2022:

	Revenue								Earnings (loss) from operations
(in millions)	External		Intersegment			Total			External			Intersegment		Total
Manufacturing	$	555.7	$	1.8		$	557.5		$	1.8		$	—	$	1.8
Maintenance Services		86.6		6.1			92.7			2.9			—		2.9
Leasing & Management Services		40.5		0.4			40.9			47.6			—		47.6
Eliminations		—		(8.3	)		(8.3	)		—			—		—
Corporate		—		—			—			(27.1	)		—		(27.1	)
	$	682.8	$	—		$	682.8		$	25.2		$	—	$	25.2

For the six months ended February 28, 2022:

	Revenue								Earnings (loss) from operations
(in millions)	External		Intersegment			Total			External			Intersegment			Total
Manufacturing	$	1,008.2	$	41.2		$	1,049.4		$	14.1		$	0.3		$	14.4
Maintenance Services		159.0		8.8			167.8			1.8			—			1.8
Leasing & Management Services		66.3		0.7			67.0			64.8			—			64.8
Eliminations		—		(50.7	)		(50.7	)		—			(0.3	)		(0.3	)
Corporate		—		—			—			(43.7	)		—			(43.7	)
	$	1,233.5	$	—		$	1,233.5		$	37.0		$	—		$	37.0

19

	Total assets
(in millions)	February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022
Manufacturing	$	1,923.0	$	1,853.9
Maintenance Services		313.9		284.8
Leasing & Management Services		1,267.2		1,152.2
Unallocated, including cash		448.4		560.6
	$	3,952.5	$	3,851.5

Reconciliation of Earnings from operations to Earnings before income tax and earnings from unconsolidated affiliates:

	Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Earnings from operations	$	67.4	$	25.2	$	62.6	$	37.0
Interest and foreign exchange		21.6		11.8		41.2		24.4
Earnings before income tax and earnings   from unconsolidated affiliates	$	45.8	$	13.4	$	21.4	$	12.6

Note 14 – Leases

Lessor

Equipment on operating leases is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $55.2 million and $48.6 million as of February 28, 2023 and August 31, 2022, respectively. Depreciation expense was $6.8 million and $12.8 million for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023, respectively and $5.4 million and $10.5 million for the three and six months ended February 28, 2022, respectively. In addition, certain railcar equipment leased-in by the Company on operating leases is subleased to customers under non-cancelable operating leases with lease terms ranging from one to approximately thirteen years. Operating lease rental revenues included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023 was $23.8 million and $43.4 million, respectively, which included $4.9 million and $9.7 million, respectively, of revenue as a result of daily, monthly or car hire utilization arrangements. Operating lease rental revenues included in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended February 28, 2022 was $16.3 million and $31.3 million, respectively, which included $3.9 million and $8.5 million, respectively, of revenue as a result of daily, monthly or car hire utilization arrangements.

Aggregate minimum future amounts receivable under all non-cancelable operating leases and subleases at February 28, 2023, will mature as follows:

(in millions)
Remaining six months of 2023	$	33.6
2024		58.4
2025		50.4
2026		44.0
2027		38.4
Thereafter		77.7
	$	302.5

20

Lessee

The Company leases railcars, real estate, and certain equipment under operating and, to a lesser extent, finance lease arrangements. As of and for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022, finance leases were not a material component of the Company's lease portfolio. The Company’s real estate and equipment leases have remaining lease terms ranging from less than one year to 76 years, with some including options to extend up to 15 years. The Company recognizes a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use (ROU) asset based on the present value of lease payments. To determine the present value of lease payments, as most of its leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate is used to discount the lease payments based on information available at lease commencement date. The Company gives consideration to its recent debt issuances as well as publicly available data for instruments with similar characteristics when estimating its incremental borrowing rate.

The components of operating lease costs were as follows:

	Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease expense	$	3.1	$	2.5	$	6.4	$	5.2
Short-term lease expense		2.6		1.4		4.4		2.7
Total	$	5.7	$	3.9	$	10.8	$	7.9

Aggregate minimum future amounts payable under operating leases having initial or remaining non-cancelable terms at February 28, 2023 will mature as follows:

(in millions)
Remaining six months of 2023	$	6.6
2024		11.5
2025		8.7
2026		7.5
2027		4.7
Thereafter		17.7
Total lease payments	$	56.7
Less: Imputed interest		(4.7	)
Total lease obligations	$	52.0

The table below presents additional information related to the Company’s leases:

Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases	11.2
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	2.2	%

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases were as follows:

(in millions)	Six months ended February 28, 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement    of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	6.7
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating    lease liabilities	$	1.1

21

Note 15 – Commitments and Contingencies

Portland Harbor Superfund Site

The Company’s Portland, Oregon manufacturing facility (the Portland Property) is located adjacent to the Willamette River. In December 2000, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified portions of the Willamette River bed known as the Portland Harbor, including the portion fronting the Company’s manufacturing facility, as a federal "National Priority List" or "Superfund" site due to sediment contamination (the Portland Harbor Site). The Company and more than 140 other parties have received a "General Notice" of potential liability from the EPA relating to the Portland Harbor Site. The letter advised the Company that it may be liable for the costs of investigation and remediation (which liability may be joint and several with other potentially responsible parties) as well as for natural resource damages resulting from releases of hazardous substances to the site. Ten private and public entities, including the Company (the Lower Willamette Group or LWG), signed an Administrative Order on Consent (AOC) to perform a remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) of the Portland Harbor Site under EPA oversight, and several additional entities did not sign such consent, but nevertheless contributed financially to the effort. The EPA-mandated RI/FS was produced by the LWG and cost over $110 million during a 17-year period. The Company bore a percentage of the total costs incurred by the LWG in connection with the investigation. The Company’s aggregate expenditure during the 17-year period was not material. Some or all of any such outlay may be recoverable from other responsible parties. The EPA issued its Record of Decision (ROD) for the Portland Harbor Site on January 6, 2017 and accordingly on October 26, 2017, the AOC was terminated.

Separate from the process described above, which focused on the type of remediation to be performed at the Portland Harbor Site and the schedule for such remediation, 96 parties, including the State of Oregon and the federal government, are participating in a non-judicial, mediated allocation process to try to allocate costs associated with remediation of the Portland Harbor Site. Approximately 110 additional parties signed tolling agreements related to such allocations. On April 23, 2009, the Company and the other AOC signatories filed suit against 69 other parties due to a possible limitations period for some such claims; Arkema Inc. et al v. A & C Foundry Products, Inc. et al, U.S. District Court, District of Oregon, Case #3:09-cv-453-PK. All but 12 of these parties elected to sign tolling agreements and be dismissed without prejudice, and the case has been stayed by the court until January 14, 2025.

The EPA's January 6, 2017 ROD identifies a clean-up remedy that the EPA estimates will take 13 years of active remediation, followed by 30 years of monitoring with an estimated undiscounted cost of $1.7 billion. The EPA typically expects its cost estimates to be accurate within a range of -30% to +50%, but this ROD states that changes in costs are likely to occur. The EPA has identified several Sediment Decision Units within the ROD cleanup area. One of the units, RM9W, includes the nearshore area of the river sediments offshore of the Portland Property as well as downstream of the facility. It also includes a portion of the Company’s riverbank. The ROD does not break down total remediation costs by Sediment Decision Unit. The EPA requested that potentially responsible parties enter AOCs during 2019 agreeing to conduct remedial design studies. Some parties have signed AOCs, including one party with respect to RM9W which includes the area offshore of the Portland Property. The Company has not signed an AOC in connection with remedial design, but is assisting in funding a portion of the RM9W remedial design.

The ROD does not address responsibility for the costs of clean-up, nor does it allocate such costs among the potentially responsible parties. Responsibility for funding and implementing the EPA's selected cleanup remedy will be determined at an unspecified later date. Based on the investigation to date, the Company believes that it did not contribute in any material way to contaminants of concern in the river sediments or the damage of natural resources in the Portland Harbor Site and that the damage in the area of the Portland Harbor Site adjacent to its property precedes the Company’s ownership of the Portland Property. Because these environmental investigations are still underway, sufficient information is currently not available to determine the Company’s liability, if any, for the cost of any required remediation or restoration of the Portland Harbor Site or to estimate a range of potential loss. Based on the results of the pending investigations and future assessments of natural resource damages, the Company may be required to incur costs associated with additional phases of investigation or remedial action, and may be liable for damages to natural resources. In addition, the Company may be required to perform periodic maintenance dredging in order to continue to launch vessels from its launch ways in Portland, Oregon, on the Willamette River, and the river's classification as a Superfund site could result in some limitations on future dredging and launch activities. Any of these matters could adversely affect the Company’s business and Consolidated Financial Statements, or the value of the Portland Property.

22

On January 30, 2017 the Confederated Tribes and Bands of Yakama Nation sued 33 parties including the Company as well as the federal government and the State of Oregon for costs it incurred in assessing alleged natural resource damages to the Columbia River from contaminants deposited in Portland Harbor. Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation v. Air Liquide America Corp., et al., U.S. Court for the District of Oregon Case No. 3i17-CV-00164-SB. The complaint does not specify the amount of damages the plaintiff will seek. The case has been stayed until January 14, 2025.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) Regulation of Portland Manufacturing Operations

The Company entered into a Voluntary Cleanup Agreement with the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) in which the Company agreed to conduct an investigation of whether, and to what extent, past or present operations at the Portland Property may have released hazardous substances into the environment. The Company has also signed an Order on Consent with the DEQ to finalize the investigation of potential onsite sources of contamination that may have a release pathway to the Willamette River. Interim precautionary measures are also required in the order and the Company is discussing with the DEQ potential remedial actions which may be required. The Company’s aggregate expenditure has not been material, however it could incur significant expenses for remediation. Some or all of any such outlay may be recoverable from other responsible parties.

Other Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, Greenbrier is involved as a defendant in litigation in the ordinary course of business, the outcomes of which cannot be predicted with certainty. While the ultimate outcome of such legal proceedings cannot be determined at this time, the Company believes that the resolution of pending litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

As of February 28, 2023, the Company had outstanding letters of credit aggregating to $5.5 million associated with performance guarantees, facility leases and workers compensation insurance.

Note 16 – Fair Value Measures

Certain assets and liabilities are reported at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value, for this disclosure, is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants, under a three-tier fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 - observable inputs such as unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments;

Level 2 - inputs, other than the quoted market prices in active markets for similar instruments, which are observable, either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 - unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data available, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of February 28, 2023 were:

(in millions)	Total		Level 1		Level 2 (1)		Level 3
Assets:
Derivative financial instruments	$	37.9	$	—	$	37.9	$	—
Nonqualified savings plan investments		45.1		45.1		—		—
Cash equivalents		60.3		60.3		—		—
	$	143.3	$	105.4	$	37.9	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments	$	0.4	$	—	$	0.4	$	—

23

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of August 31, 2022 were:

(in millions)	Total		Level 1		Level 2 (1)		Level 3
Assets:
Derivative financial instruments	$	21.4	$	—	$	21.4	$	—
Nonqualified savings plan investments		40.3		40.3		—		—
Cash equivalents		119.4		119.4		—		—
	$	181.1	$	159.7	$	21.4	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments	$	3.0	$	—	$	3.0	$	—

(1)Level 2 assets and liabilities include derivative financial instruments that are valued based on observable inputs. See Note 12 - Derivative Instruments for further discussion.

Note 17 – Related Party Transactions

The Company has a 41.9% interest in Axis, LLC (Axis), a joint venture. The Company purchased $1.8 million and $4.5 million of railcar components from Axis for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023, respectively and $3.3 million and $6.1 million for the three and six months ended February 28, 2022, respectively.

24

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Executive Summary

We operate in three reportable segments: Manufacturing; Maintenance Services; and Leasing & Management Services. Our segments are operationally integrated. The Manufacturing segment, which currently operates from facilities in the U.S., Mexico, Poland, Romania and Turkey, produces double-stack intermodal railcars, tank cars, conventional railcars, automotive railcar products and marine vessels. The Maintenance Services segment performs wheel and axle servicing, railcar maintenance and produces a variety of parts for the rail industry in North America. The Leasing & Management Services segment owns approximately 12,300 railcars as of February 28, 2023. We also provide management services for approximately 408,000 railcars for railroads, shippers, carriers, institutional investors and other leasing and transportation companies in North America as of February 28, 2023. Through unconsolidated affiliates we produce rail and industrial components and have an ownership stake in a railcar manufacturer in Brazil.

Management identifies five trends impacting our business and our results for the six months ended February 28, 2023. Overall, demand in the marketplace remained strong. Inflation, rising interest rates, supply chain challenges, and rail service congestion persisted. Manufacturing was impacted by supply chain disruptions, negatively impacting gross margin in the first half of 2023. Notwithstanding these specific challenges and the concern of a general economic slowdown, management’s optimism about the current fiscal year is sustained by the strong demand for our products and services as well as the following achievements from the first half of 2023:

•Revenue increased by $655 million and 53.1% compared to the same period last year driven by a 44.4% increase in railcar deliveries.

•Obtained new railcar orders of 10,100 units valued at approximately $1.3 billion during the six months ended February 28, 2023.

•We acquired the minority interest in GBX Leasing, and now wholly own our lease fleet.

Our backlog remains strong with railcar deliveries and marine deliveries into calendar 2024. Our railcar backlog was 25,900 units with an estimated value of $3.1 billion as of February 28, 2023. Our backlog includes units for lease which are supported by lease agreements with external customers and may be syndicated to third parties or held in our lease fleet depending on a variety of factors. Multi-year supply agreements are a part of rail industry practice. A portion of the orders included in backlog reflects an assumed product mix. Under terms of the orders, the exact mix and pricing will be determined in the future, which may impact backlog. Approximately 4% of backlog units and 5% of estimated backlog value as of February 28, 2023 was associated with our Brazilian manufacturing operations which is accounted for under the equity method. Marine backlog as of February 28, 2023 was approximately $43 million.

Our backlog of railcar units and marine vessels is not necessarily indicative of future results of operations. Certain orders in backlog are subject to customary documentation and completion of terms. Customers may attempt to cancel or modify orders in backlog. Historically, little variation has been experienced between the quantity ordered and the quantity actually delivered, though the timing of deliveries may be modified from time to time.

On November 17, 2022, as part of our strategic review of the global business capacity footprint, we decided to permanently cease rail production at our Gunderson facility during 2023 and to explore alternatives to exit marine barge production in the first part of calendar 2024. Due to the change in future use of the facility, management assessed recoverability of Gunderson assets in accordance with our policy on impairment of long-lived assets. Based on an analysis of future undiscounted cash flows associated with these assets, we determined that the carrying value was not recoverable. In the first quarter of fiscal 2023, management concluded that an impairment charge was necessary and $24.2 million was recorded in the Manufacturing segment as Impairment of long-lived assets within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Although it is possible that costs and charges related to the cessation of production at the facility, such as exit costs and termination benefits may be incurred in future periods, the amount of any such costs and charges is not estimable at this time and we do not yet know if the amount of any such costs and charges will be material.

As described in Part I Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2022 the items described above may have a material negative impact on our business, liquidity, results of operations and stock price. Beyond these general observations, we are unable to predict when, how, or with what magnitude these items will impact our business.

25

Three Months Ended February 28, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended February 28, 2022

Overview

Revenue, Cost of revenue, Margin and Earnings from operations (operating profit or loss) presented below, include amounts from external parties and exclude intersegment activity that is eliminated in consolidation.

	Three Months Ended February 28,
(in millions, except per share amounts)	2023			2022
Revenue:
Manufacturing	$	968.6		$	555.7
Maintenance Services		98.0			86.6
Leasing & Management Services		55.4			40.5
		1,122.0			682.8
Cost of revenue:
Manufacturing		901.2			535.0
Maintenance Services		89.6			81.7
Leasing & Management Services		14.4			11.3
		1,005.2			628.0
Margin:
Manufacturing		67.4			20.7
Maintenance Services		8.4			4.9
Leasing & Management Services		41.0			29.2
		116.8			54.8
Selling and administrative		59.0			54.7
Net gain on disposition of equipment		(9.6	)		(25.1	)
Earnings from operations		67.4			25.2
Interest and foreign exchange		21.6			11.8
Earnings before income tax and earnings from unconsolidated affiliates		45.8			13.4
Income tax expense		(11.9	)		(3.2	)
Earnings before earnings from unconsolidated affiliates		33.9			10.2
Earnings from unconsolidated affiliates		2.9			1.0
Net earnings		36.8			11.2
Net (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		(3.7	)		1.6
Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier	$	33.1		$	12.8
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.97		$	0.38

Performance for our segments is evaluated based on operating profit or loss. Corporate includes selling and administrative costs not directly related to goods and services and certain costs that are intertwined among segments due to our integrated business model. Management does not allocate Interest and foreign exchange or Income tax expense for either external or internal reporting purposes.

	Three Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023			2022
Operating profit (loss):
Manufacturing	$	46.6		$	1.8
Maintenance Services		6.8			2.9
Leasing & Management Services		40.7			47.6
Corporate		(26.7	)		(27.1	)
	$	67.4		$	25.2

26

Consolidated Results

	Three Months Ended February 28,						Increase			%
(in millions)	2023			2022			(Decrease)			Change
Revenue	$	1,122.0		$	682.8		$	439.2			64.3	%
Cost of revenue	$	1,005.2		$	628.0		$	377.2			60.1	%
Margin (%)		10.4	%		8.0	%		2.4	%	*
Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier	$	33.1		$	12.8		$	20.3			158.6	%

* Not meaningful

Through our integrated business model, we provide a broad range of custom products and services in each of our segments, which have various selling prices and margins. The demand for and mix of products and services delivered changes from period to period, which causes fluctuations in our results of operations.

The 64.3% increase in revenue for the three months ended February 28, 2023 as compared to the three months ended February 28, 2022 was primarily due to a 74.3% increase in Manufacturing revenue. The increase in Manufacturing revenue was primarily attributed to a 63.6% increase in railcar deliveries.

The 60.1% increase in cost of revenue for the three months ended February 28, 2023 as compared to the three months ended February 28, 2022 was primarily due to a 68.4% increase in Manufacturing cost of revenue. The increase in Manufacturing cost of revenue was primarily attributed to a 63.6% increase in railcar deliveries during the three months ended February 28, 2023.

Margin as a percentage of revenue was 10.4% and 8.0% for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The overall margin as a percentage of revenue was positively impacted by higher syndication activity and improved margin as a percentage of revenue at our Manufacturing segment as a result of operating at higher volumes.

The $20.3 million increase in Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier for the three months ended February 28, 2023 as compared to the three months ended February 28, 2022 was primarily due to an increase in Margin primarily due to higher railcar deliveries and syndication revenue for the three months ended February 28, 2023. This was partially offset by:

•A higher Net gain on disposition of equipment for the three months ended February 28, 2022.

•An increase in Interest and foreign exchange expense for the three months ended February 28, 2023 primarily attributed to an increase in interest expense from higher borrowing and interest rates.

•An increase in Income tax expense due to higher Earnings before income tax and earnings from unconsolidated affiliates.

27

Manufacturing Segment

	Three Months Ended February 28,						Increase			%
(In millions, except railcar deliveries)	2023			2022			(Decrease)			Change
Revenue	$	968.6		$	555.7		$	412.9			74.3	%
Cost of revenue	$	901.2		$	535.0		$	366.2			68.4	%
Margin (%)		7.0	%		3.7	%		3.3	%	*
Operating profit ($)	$	46.6		$	1.8		$	44.8		*
Operating profit (%)		4.8	%		0.3	%		4.5	%	*
Deliveries		7,200			4,400			2,800			63.6	%

* Not meaningful

Our Manufacturing segment primarily generates revenue from manufacturing a wide range of freight railcars and from the conversion of existing or in-service railcars through our facilities in North America and Europe. We also manufacture a broad range of ocean-going and river barges for transporting merchandise between ports within the United States.

Manufacturing revenue increased $412.9 million or 74.3% for the three months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the three months ended February 28, 2022. The increase in revenue was primarily attributed to a 63.6% increase in railcar deliveries. The increase was also due to the additional revenue associated with an increase in material and other input costs during the three months ended February 28, 2023, as many of our customer contracts include price escalation provisions when certain of our manufacturing costs increase.

Manufacturing cost of revenue increased $366.2 million or 68.4% for the three months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the three months ended February 28, 2022. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily attributed to a 63.6% increase in the volume of railcar deliveries and higher costs associated with component outsourcing to support the volume and mix of production during the three months ended February 28, 2023.

Manufacturing margin as a percentage of revenue increased 3.3% for the three months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the three months ended February 28, 2022. The increase in margin percentage for the three months ended February 28, 2023 was primarily attributed to operating at higher production levels. This was partially offset by increased costs associated with outsourcing to support the higher volume and mix of production.

Manufacturing operating profit increased $44.8 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the three months ended February 28, 2022. The increase in operating profit was primarily attributed to increased deliveries for the three months ended February 28, 2023 at improved margins.

28

Maintenance Services Segment

	Three Months Ended February 28,						Increase			%
(in millions)	2023			2022			(Decrease)			Change
Revenue	$	98.0		$	86.6		$	11.4			13.2	%
Cost of revenue	$	89.6		$	81.7		$	7.9			9.7	%
Margin (%)		8.6	%		5.7	%		2.9	%	*
Operating profit ($)	$	6.8		$	2.9		$	3.9			134.5	%
Operating profit (%)		6.9	%		3.3	%		3.6	%	*

* Not meaningful

Our Maintenance Services segment primarily generates revenue from railcar component manufacturing and servicing and from providing railcar maintenance services.

Maintenance Services revenue increased $11.4 million or 13.2% for the three months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the three months ended February 28, 2022. The increase was primarily attributed to favorable pricing and higher volumes due to higher demand.

Maintenance Services cost of revenue increased $7.9 million or 9.7% for the three months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the three months ended February 28, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher costs associated with operating at higher volumes.

Maintenance Services margin as a percentage of revenue increased 2.9% for the three months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the three months ended February 28, 2022. The increase in margin percentage was primarily attributed to favorable pricing and efficiencies. This was partially offset by lower scrap metal pricing during the three months ended February 28, 2023.

Maintenance Services operating profit increased $3.9 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the three months ended February 28, 2022. The increase in operating profit was primarily attributed to favorable pricing, higher volumes, and improved efficiencies. This was partially offset by lower scrap metal pricing during the three months ended February 28, 2023.

29

Leasing & Management Services Segment

	Three Months Ended February 28,						Increase			%
(in millions)	2023			2022			(Decrease)			Change
Revenue	$	55.4		$	40.5		$	14.9			36.8	%
Cost of revenue	$	14.4		$	11.3		$	3.1			27.4	%
Margin (%)		74.0	%		72.1	%		1.9	%	*
Operating profit ($)	$	40.7		$	47.6		$	(6.9	)		(14.5	%)
Operating profit (%)		73.5	%		117.5	%		(44.1	%)	*

* Not meaningful

Our Leasing & Management Services segment generates revenue from leasing railcars from our lease fleet, providing various management services, syndication revenue associated with leases attached to new railcar sales, and interim rent on leased railcars for syndication.

Leasing & Management Services revenue increased $14.9 million or 36.8% for the three months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the three months ended February 28, 2022. The increase was primarily attributed to higher syndication revenue and higher lease rents due to higher lease rates and a larger fleet.

Leasing & Management Services cost of revenue increased $3.1 million or 27.4% for the three months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the three months ended February 28, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher costs from the additions to our lease fleet.

Leasing & Management Services margin as a percentage of revenue increased 1.9% for the three months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the three months ended February 28, 2022. The increase in margin percentage was primarily attributed to higher syndication activity and growth in and higher utilization of the lease fleet.

Leasing & Management Services operating profit decreased $6.9 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the three months ended February 28, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributed to a reduction in net gain on disposition of equipment for the three months ended February 28, 2023.

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Selling and Administrative Expense

	Three Months Ended February 28,				Increase		%
(in millions)	2023		2022		(Decrease)		Change
Selling and administrative expense	$	59.0	$	54.7	$	4.3		7.9	%

Selling and administrative expense was $59.0 million or 5.3% of revenue for the three months ended February 28, 2023 compared to $54.7 million or 8.0% of revenue for the prior comparable period. The $4.3 million increase was primarily attributed to an increase in employee related costs due to higher incentive compensation expense as a result of timing of financial performance compared to the prior year.

Net Gain on Disposition of Equipment

Net gain on disposition of equipment primarily includes the sale of assets from our lease fleet (Equipment on operating leases, net) and disposition of property, plant and equipment. Assets are periodically sold in the normal course of business in order to optimize our fleet and to manage risk and liquidity.

Net gain on disposition of equipment was $9.6 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023 compared to $25.1 million for the three months ended February 28, 2022. The decrease in Net gain on disposition of equipment was primarily attributed to fewer sales of assets from our lease fleet during the three months ended February 28, 2023.

Interest and Foreign Exchange

Interest and foreign exchange expense was composed of the following:

	Three Months Ended February 28,					Increase
(in millions)	2023		2022			(Decrease)
Interest and foreign exchange:
Interest and other expense	$	20.9	$	12.0		$	8.9
Foreign exchange (gain) loss		0.7		(0.2	)		0.9
	$	21.6	$	11.8		$	9.8

The $9.8 million increase in Interest and foreign exchange expense for the three months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the three months ended February 28, 2022 was attributed to an increase in interest expense from higher levels of borrowings and interest rates.

Income Tax

For the three months ended February 28, 2023, we had income tax expense of $11.9 million on a pre-tax income of $45.8 million for an effective tax rate of 25.9%. Tax expense included net favorable discrete items in our foreign operations.
 

For the three months ended February 28, 2022, we had income tax expense of $3.2 million on pre-tax income of $13.4 million for an effective tax rate of 23.9%. Tax expense included net favorable discrete items.
 

The provision for income taxes during interim quarterly reporting periods is based on our estimates of the effective tax rates for the full fiscal year and may be positively or negatively impacted by adjustments that are required to be reported in the quarter. The effective tax rate can fluctuate year-to-year due to changes in the mix of foreign and domestic pre-tax earnings. It can also fluctuate with changes in the proportion of pre-tax earnings attributable to our Mexican railcar manufacturing joint venture. The joint venture is treated as a partnership for tax purposes and, as a result, the partnership’s entire pre-tax earnings are included in earnings before income taxes and earnings from unconsolidated affiliates, whereas only our 50% share of the tax is included in Income tax expense.

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Earnings From Unconsolidated Affiliates

Through unconsolidated affiliates we produce rail and industrial components and have an ownership stake in a railcar manufacturer in Brazil. We record the results from these unconsolidated affiliates on an after-tax basis.

Earnings from unconsolidated affiliates were $2.9 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase was primarily related to increased volumes.

Noncontrolling Interest

Net (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest was earnings of $3.7 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023 compared to a loss of $1.6 million for the three months ended February 28, 2022. Net (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest primarily represents our joint venture partner's share in the results of operations of our Mexican railcar manufacturing joint ventures, adjusted for intercompany sales, and our European partner’s share of the results of our European operations.

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Six Months Ended February 28, 2023 Compared to the Six Months Ended February 28, 2022

Overview

Revenue, Cost of revenue, Margin and Earnings from operations (operating profit or loss) presented below, include amounts from external parties and exclude intersegment activity that is eliminated in consolidation.

	For the Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions, except per share amounts)	2023			2022
Revenue:
Manufacturing	$	1,615.1		$	1,008.2
Maintenance Services		183.5			159.0
Leasing & Management Services		89.9			66.3
		1,888.5			1,233.5
Cost of revenue:
Manufacturing		1,505.7			956.6
Maintenance Services		169.2			152.9
Leasing & Management Services		27.3			21.6
		1,702.2			1,131.1
Margin:
Manufacturing		109.4			51.6
Maintenance Services		14.3			6.1
Leasing & Management Services		62.6			44.7
		186.3			102.4
Selling and administrative		112.4			99.0
Net gain on disposition of equipment		(12.9	)		(33.6	)
Impairment of long-lived assets		24.2			—
Earnings from operations		62.6			37.0
Interest and foreign exchange		41.2			24.4
Earnings before income taxes and earnings from    unconsolidated affiliates		21.4			12.6
Income tax expense		(8.1	)		(1.8	)
Earnings before earnings from    unconsolidated affiliates		13.3			10.8
Earnings from unconsolidated affiliates		6.2			6.0
Net earnings		19.5			16.8
Net (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		(3.1	)		6.8
Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier	$	16.4		$	23.6
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.49		$	0.70

Performance for our segments is evaluated based on operating profit or loss. Corporate includes selling and administrative costs not directly related to goods and services and certain costs that are intertwined among segments due to our integrated business model. Management does not allocate Interest and foreign exchange or Income tax expense for either external or internal reporting purposes.

	For the Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023			2022
Operating profit (loss):
Manufacturing	$	43.2		$	14.1
Maintenance Services		12.3			1.8
Leasing & Management Services		56.3			64.8
Corporate		(49.2	)		(43.7	)
	$	62.6		$	37.0

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Consolidated Results

	For the Six Months Ended February 28,						Increase			%
(in millions)	2023			2022			(Decrease)			Change
Revenue	$	1,888.5		$	1,233.5		$	655.0			53.1	%
Cost of revenue	$	1,702.2		$	1,131.1		$	571.1			50.5	%
Margin (%)		9.9	%		8.3	%		1.6	%	*
Net earnings attributable to    Greenbrier	$	16.4		$	23.6		$	(7.2	)		(30.5	%)

* Not meaningful

Through our integrated business model, we provide a broad range of custom products and services in each of our segments, which have various selling prices and margins. The demand for and mix of products and services delivered changes from period to period, which causes fluctuations in our results of operations.

The 53.1% increase in revenue for the six months ended February 28, 2023 as compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022 was primarily due to a 60.2% increase in Manufacturing revenue. The increase in Manufacturing revenue was primarily attributed to a 44.4% increase in railcar deliveries.

The 50.5% increase in cost of revenue for the six months ended February 28, 2023 as compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022 was primarily due to a 57.4% increase in Manufacturing cost of revenue. The increase in Manufacturing cost of revenue was primarily attributed to a 44.4% increase in railcar deliveries and higher material costs during the six months ended February 28, 2023.

Margin as a percentage of revenue was 9.9% and 8.3% for the six months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The overall margin as a percentage of revenue was positively impacted by an increase in Manufacturing margin from 5.1% to 6.8% primarily attributed to operating at higher volumes during the six months ended February 28, 2023.

The $7.2 million decrease in net earnings attributable to Greenbrier for the six months ended February 28, 2023 as compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022 was primarily due to the following:

•The impairment of long-lived assets at our Gunderson facility for the six months ended February 28, 2023.

•A higher Net gain on disposition of equipment for the six months ended February 28, 2022.

•An increase in Interest and foreign exchange expense for the six months ended February 28, 2023 primarily attributed to an increase in interest expense from higher borrowing and interest rates.

•An increase in Selling and administrative expense for the six months ended February 28, 2023 primarily attributed to higher employee related costs, revenue-based fees paid to our joint venture partner in Mexico and IT costs.

These were partially offset by an increase in Margin primarily due to higher railcar deliveries and syndication revenue for the six months ended February 28, 2023.

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Manufacturing Segment

	For the Six Months Ended February 28,						Increase			%
(In millions, except railcar deliveries)	2023			2022			(Decrease)			Change
Revenue	$	1,615.1		$	1,008.2		$	606.9			60.2	%
Cost of revenue	$	1,505.7		$	956.6		$	549.1			57.4	%
Margin (%)		6.8	%		5.1	%		1.7	%	*
Operating profit ($)	$	43.2		$	14.1		$	29.1			206.4	%
Operating profit (%)		2.7	%		1.4	%		1.3	%	*
Deliveries		11,700			8,100			3,600			44.4	%

* Not meaningful

Our Manufacturing segment primarily generates revenue from manufacturing a wide range of freight railcars and from the conversion of existing or in-service railcars through our facilities in North America and Europe. We also manufacture a broad range of ocean-going and river barges for transporting merchandise between ports within the United States.

Manufacturing revenue increased $606.9 million or 60.2% for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022. The increase in revenue was primarily attributed to a 44.4% increase in railcar deliveries. The increase was also due to the additional revenue associated with an increase in material and other input costs during the six months ended February 28, 2023, as many of our customer contracts include price escalation provisions when certain of our manufacturing costs increase.

Manufacturing cost of revenue increased $549.1 million or 57.4% for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily attributed to a 44.4% increase in the volume of railcar deliveries and higher material and other input costs during the six months ended February 28, 2023.

Manufacturing margin as a percentage of revenue increased 1.7% for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022. The increase in margin percentage for the six months ended February 28, 2023 was primarily attributed to operating at higher production levels. This was partially offset by increased costs associated with component outsourcing to support the higher volume and mix of production.

Manufacturing operating profit increased $29.1 million for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022. The increase in operating profit was primarily attributed to an increase in railcar deliveries at improved margins. This increase was partially offset by the $24.2 million impairment of long-lived assets at our Gunderson facility.

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Maintenance Services Segment

	For the Six Months Ended February 28,						Increase			%
(in millions)	2023			2022			(Decrease)			Change
Revenue	$	183.5		$	159.0		$	24.5			15.4	%
Cost of revenue	$	169.2		$	152.9		$	16.3			10.7	%
Margin (%)		7.8	%		3.8	%		4.0	%	*
Operating profit ($)	$	12.3		$	1.8		$	10.5		*
Operating profit (%)		6.7	%		1.1	%		5.6	%	*

* Not meaningful

Our Maintenance Services segment primarily generates revenue from railcar component manufacturing and servicing and from providing railcar maintenance services.

Maintenance Services revenue increased $24.5 million or 15.4% for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022. The increase was primarily attributed to favorable pricing and higher volumes due to increased demand.

Maintenance Services cost of revenue increased $16.3 million or 10.7% for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher costs associated with operating at higher volumes.

Maintenance Services margin as a percentage of revenue increased 4.0% for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022. The increase in margin percentage was primarily attributed to favorable pricing and efficiencies during the six months ended February 28, 2023. This was partially offset by a decrease in scrap metal pricing and volumes during the six months ended February 28, 2023.

Maintenance Services operating profit increased $10.5 million for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022. The increase in operating profit was primarily attributed to favorable pricing and efficiencies during the six months ended February 28, 2023. This was partially offset by a decrease in scrap metal pricing and volumes during the six months ended February 28, 2023.

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Leasing & Management Services Segment

	For the Six Months Ended February 28,						Increase			%
(in millions)	2023			2022			(Decrease)			Change
Revenue	$	89.9		$	66.3		$	23.6			35.6	%
Cost of revenue	$	27.3		$	21.6		$	5.7			26.4	%
Margin (%)		69.6	%		67.4	%		2.2	%	*
Operating profit ($)	$	56.3		$	64.8		$	(8.5	)		(13.1	%)
Operating profit (%)		62.6	%		97.7	%		(35.1	%)	*

* Not meaningful

Our Leasing & Management Services segment generates revenue from leasing railcars from our lease fleet, providing various management services, syndication revenue associated with leases attached to new railcar sales, and interim rent on leased railcars for syndication.

Leasing & Management Services revenue increased $23.6 million or 35.6% for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022. The increase was primarily attributed to higher lease rents due to higher lease rates and a larger fleet and higher syndication revenue from an increase in the volume of new railcar sales with leases attached.

Leasing & Management Services cost of revenue increased $5.7 million or 26.4% for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher costs from the larger fleet.

Leasing & Management Services margin as a percentage of revenue increased 2.2% for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022. The increase in margin percentage was primarily attributed to higher syndication activity.

Leasing & Management Services operating profit decreased $8.5 million or 13.1% for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributed to a reduction in net gain on disposition of equipment for the six months ended February 28, 2023.

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Selling and Administrative Expense

	For the Six Months Ended February 28,				Increase		%
(in millions)	2023		2022		(Decrease)		Change
Selling and administrative expense	$	112.4	$	99.0	$	13.4		13.5	%

Selling and administrative expense was $112.4 million or 6.0% of revenue for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to $99.0 million or 8.0% of revenue for the prior comparable period. The $13.4 million increase was primarily attributed to higher employee related costs, revenue-based fees paid to our joint venture partner in Mexico and IT support costs.

Net Gain on Disposition of Equipment

Net gain on disposition of equipment primarily includes the sale of assets from our lease fleet (Equipment on operating leases, net) and disposition of property, plant and equipment. Assets are periodically sold in the normal course of business in order to optimize our fleet and to manage risk and liquidity.

Net gain on disposition of equipment was $12.9 million and $33.6 million for the six months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in Net gain on disposition of equipment was primarily attributed to fewer sales of assets from our lease fleet during the six months ended February 28, 2023.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

The six months ended February 28, 2023 included an Impairment of Long-lived Assets of $24.2 million related to our change in the future use of our Gunderson facility. For additional information, see Note 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest and Foreign Exchange

Interest and foreign exchange expense was composed of the following:

	For the Six Months Ended February 28,				Increase
(in millions)	2023		2022		(Decrease)
Interest and foreign exchange:
Interest and other expense	$	38.7	$	23.3	$	15.4
Foreign exchange loss		2.5		1.1		1.4
	$	41.2	$	24.4	$	16.8

The $16.8 million increase in Interest and foreign exchange expense for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022 was primarily attributed to an increase in interest expense from higher levels of borrowings and interest rates.

Income Tax

For the six months ended February 28, 2023, we had income tax expense of $8.1 million on pre-tax income of $21.4 million for an effective tax rate of 37.8%. Tax expense was negatively impacted by the geographic mix of earnings as well as net unfavorable discrete items including changes in foreign currency exchange rates for our U.S. Dollar denominated foreign operations.
 

For the six months ended February 28, 2022, we had income tax expense of $1.8 million on pre-tax income of $12.6 million for an effective tax rate of 14.3%. Tax expense included net favorable discrete items primarily related to amendments to prior year tax returns.
 

The effective tax rate can fluctuate year-to-year due to changes in the mix of foreign and domestic pre-tax earnings. It can also fluctuate with changes in the proportion of pre-tax earnings attributable to our Mexican railcar

38

manufacturing joint venture. The joint venture is treated as a partnership for tax purposes and, as a result, the partnership’s entire pre-tax earnings are included in Earnings before income taxes and earnings from unconsolidated affiliates, whereas only our 50% share of the tax is included in Income tax expense.

Earnings From Unconsolidated Affiliates

Through unconsolidated affiliates we produce rail and industrial components and have an ownership stake in a railcar manufacturer in Brazil. We record the results from these unconsolidated affiliates on an after-tax basis.

Earnings from unconsolidated affiliates was $6.2 million for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to earnings from unconsolidated affiliates of $6.0 million for the six months ended February 28, 2022. The increase was primarily related to higher sales volumes, partially offset by lower profitability at our Brazil operations.

Noncontrolling Interest

Net (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest was earnings of $3.1 million for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to a loss of $6.8 million for the six months ended February 28, 2022. Net (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest primarily represents our joint venture partner's share in the results of operations of our Mexican railcar manufacturing joint ventures, adjusted for intercompany sales, and our European partner’s share of the results of our European operations. The increase of $9.9 million from the prior year is primarily a result of an increase in earnings due to higher volumes of railcar deliveries at our Mexican railcar manufacturing joint venture.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

	Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023			2022
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(96.4	)	$	(220.3	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(105.2	)		(52.4	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		23.7			204.8
Effect of exchange rate changes		18.4			(1.0	)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(159.5	)	$	(68.9	)

We have been financed through cash generated from operations and borrowings. At February 28, 2023 Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash were $399.6 million, a decrease of $159.5 million from $559.1 million at August 31, 2022.

Cash Flows From Operating Activities

The change in cash used in operating activities for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022 was primarily due to a moderation in working capital increases when compared to the prior year.

Cash Flows From Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities primarily related to capital expenditures net of proceeds from the sale of assets and investment activity with our unconsolidated affiliates. The change in cash used in investing activities for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022 was primarily attributable to a decrease in fleet sales that outpaced a decrease in capital expenditures in our Leasing & Management Services segment.

	Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023			2022
Capital expenditures:
Leasing & Management Services	$	(142.6	)	$	(183.6	)
Manufacturing		(22.3	)		(12.2	)
Maintenance Services		(4.8	)		(2.2	)
Total capital expenditures (gross)	$	(169.7	)	$	(198.0	)
Proceeds from sales of assets		62.1			148.6
Total capital expenditures (net of proceeds)	$	(107.6	)	$	(49.4	)

Capital expenditures primarily relate to additions to our lease fleet and on-going investments into the safety and productivity of our facilities. Proceeds from the sale of assets primarily relate to sales of railcars from our lease fleet within Leasing & Management Services. Assets from our lease fleet are periodically sold in the normal course of business to accommodate customer demand and to manage risk and liquidity. Proceeds from sales of assets are expected to be approximately $70 million for 2023.

Capital expenditures for 2023 are expected to be approximately $290 million for Leasing & Management Services, approximately $80 million for Manufacturing and approximately $15 million for Maintenance Services. Capital expenditures for 2023 primarily relate to additions to our lease fleet reflecting our enhanced leasing strategy and continued investments into the safety and productivity of our facilities.

Cash Flows From Financing Activities

The change in cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended February 28, 2023 compared to the six months ended February 28, 2022 was primarily attributed to fewer proceeds from debt, net of repayments when compared to February 28, 2022. During the six months ended February 28, 2023 we drew the remaining $75 million on our term facility.

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Dividend & Share Repurchase Program

A quarterly dividend of $0.27 per share was declared on April 3, 2023.

The Board of Directors has authorized our company to repurchase shares of our common stock. The share repurchase program has an expiration date of January 31, 2025. As of February 28, 2023, the amount remaining for repurchase was $85.9 million. Under the share repurchase program, shares of common stock may be purchased from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. The timing and amount of purchases will be based upon market conditions, securities law limitations and other factors. The program may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. The share repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares in any period.

During the three and six months ended February 28, 2023, we purchased a total of 575 thousand shares for $17.4 million. There were no shares repurchased under the share repurchase program during the six months ended February 28, 2022.

Cash, Borrowing Availability and Credit Facilities

As of February 28, 2023, we had $379.9 million in Cash and cash equivalents and $436.0 million in available borrowings. Our current cash balance is part of our strategy to maintain strong liquidity to respond to current uncertainties.

Senior secured credit facilities aggregated to $1.1 billion as of February 28, 2023. We had an aggregate of $436.0 million available to draw down under committed credit facilities as of February 28, 2023. This amount consists of $364.1 million available on the North American credit facility, $36.9 million on the European credit facilities and $35.0 million on the Mexican credit facilities.

North America – As of February 28, 2023, a $600.0 million revolving line of credit, maturing August 2026, secured by substantially all our U.S. assets not otherwise pledged as security for term loans or the warehouse credit facility, existed to provide working capital and interim financing of equipment, principally for our U.S. and Mexican operations. Advances under this North American credit facility bear interest at SOFR plus 1.75% plus 0.10% as a SOFR adjustment or Prime plus 0.75% depending on the type of borrowing. Available borrowings under the credit facility are generally based on defined levels of eligible inventory, receivables, property, plant and equipment and leased equipment, as well as total debt to consolidated capitalization and fixed charges coverage ratios.

GBX Leasing – As of February 28, 2023, a $350.0 million non-recourse warehouse credit facility existed to support the operations of GBX Leasing. Advances under this facility bear interest at SOFR plus 1.85% plus 0.11% as a SOFR adjustment. The warehouse credit facility converts to a term loan in August 2025 and matures in August 2027.

Europe – As of February 28, 2023, lines of credit totaling $71.7 million secured by certain of our European assets, with variable rates that range from Warsaw Interbank Offered Rate (WIBOR) plus 1.2% to WIBOR plus 1.6% and Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURIBOR) plus 1.1% to EURIBOR plus 1.5%, were available for working capital needs of our European manufacturing operations. The European lines of credit include $35.0 million which are guaranteed by us. European credit facilities are regularly renewed. Currently, these European credit facilities have maturities that range from June 2023 through September 2024.

Mexico – As of February 28, 2023, our Mexican railcar manufacturing operations had three lines of credit totaling $120.0 million for working capital needs. The first line of credit provides up to $50.0 million and matures in October 2024. Advances under this facility bear interest at LIBOR plus 4.25%. The second line of credit provides up to $40.0 million, of which we and our joint venture partner have each guaranteed 50%. Advances under this facility bear interest at SOFR plus 2.55%. The Mexican railcar manufacturing joint venture will be able to draw amounts available under this facility through February 2025. The third line of credit provides up to $30.0 million, of which we and our joint venture partner have each guaranteed 50%. Advances under this facility bear interest at LIBOR plus 3.75% to 4.25%. The Mexican railcar manufacturing joint venture will be able to draw amounts available under this facility through June 2024.

41

Credit facility balances:

(in millions)	February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022
North America	$	125.0	$	160.0
GBX Leasing		65.5		—
Europe		34.8		51.6
Mexico		85.0		85.0
	$	310.3	$	296.6

Outstanding commitments under the North American credit facility included letters of credit which totaled $5.5 million and $6.9 million as of February 28, 2023 and August 31, 2022, respectively.

Other Information

The revolving and operating lines of credit, along with notes payable, contain covenants with respect to us and our various subsidiaries, the most restrictive of which, among other things, limit our ability to: incur additional indebtedness or guarantees; pay dividends or repurchase stock; enter into financing leases; create liens; sell assets; engage in transactions with affiliates, including joint ventures and non U.S. subsidiaries, including but not limited to loans, advances, equity investments and guarantees; enter into mergers, consolidations or sales of substantially all our assets; and enter into new lines of business. The covenants also require certain maximum ratios of debt to total capitalization and minimum levels of fixed charges (interest plus rent) coverage. As of February 28, 2023, we were in compliance with all such restrictive covenants.

From time to time, we may seek to repurchase or otherwise retire or exchange securities, including outstanding convertible notes, borrowings and equity securities, and take other steps to reduce our debt, extend the maturities of our debt or otherwise improve our balance sheet. These actions may include open market repurchases, unsolicited or solicited privately negotiated transactions or other retirements, repurchases or exchanges. Such retirements, repurchases or exchanges of one note or security for another note or security (now or hereafter existing), if any, will depend on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, prevailing market conditions, trading levels of our debt, our liquidity requirements and contractual restrictions, if applicable. The amounts involved in any such transactions may, individually or in the aggregate, be material and may involve all or a portion of a particular series of notes or other indebtedness which may reduce the float and impact the trading market of notes or other indebtedness which remain outstanding.

We have global operations that conduct business in their local currencies as well as other currencies. To mitigate the exposure to transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency, we enter into foreign currency forward exchange contracts with established financial institutions to protect the margin on a portion of foreign currency sales in firm backlog. Given the strong credit standing of the counterparties, no provision has been made for credit loss due to counterparty non-performance.

To mitigate the exposure to changes in interest rates, we have managed a portion of our variable rate debt with interest rate swap agreements, effectively converting $468.4 million of variable rate debt to fixed rate debt as of February 28, 2023.

We expect existing funds and cash generated from operations, together with proceeds from financing activities including borrowings under existing credit facilities and long-term financings, to be sufficient to fund expected debt repayments, working capital needs, planned capital expenditures, additional investments in our unconsolidated affiliates and dividends during the next twelve months.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not currently have off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires judgment on the part of management to arrive at estimates and assumptions on matters that are inherently uncertain. These estimates may affect the amount of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities within the financial statements. Estimates and assumptions are periodically evaluated and may be adjusted in future periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Impairment of long-lived assets - We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, a recoverability test is performed based upon estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to be realized over the remaining useful life of the asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment would be measured as the difference between the fair value of the asset group and the carrying amount of the asset group.

An asset group is generally established by identifying the lowest level of cash flows generated by a group of assets that are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets. Determining whether a long-lived asset is impaired requires various estimates and assumptions, including whether a triggering event has occurred, the identification of asset groups, and the determination of the fair value of real and personal property. Estimates of future cash flows are by nature highly uncertain and contemplate factors that may change over time. During the first quarter of fiscal 2023, a $24.2 million pre-tax impairment charge was recorded as Impairment of long-lived assets and is included within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. For further information, see Note 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Goodwill - In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 350, Intangibles–Goodwill and Other (ASC 350), the Company evaluates goodwill for possible impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. The Company uses a two-step process to assess the realizability of goodwill. The first step is a qualitative assessment that analyzes macroeconomic considerations and industry indicators, financial performance and cost estimates associated with a particular reporting unit. This assessment requires subjectivity based on cumulative information available at the assessment date. If a qualitative assessment indicates it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company will proceed to the quantitative second step where the fair value of a reporting unit is calculated based on weighted income and market-based approaches.

If the fair value of a reporting unit is lower than its carrying value, an impairment to goodwill is recorded, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill in the reporting unit. We performed our annual goodwill impairment test during the third quarter of 2022 and concluded that goodwill for all reporting units was not impaired.

As of February 28, 2023, our goodwill balance was $128.3 million of which $85.3 million related to our Manufacturing segment and $43.0 million related to our Maintenance Services segment. Our Manufacturing segment includes the North America Manufacturing reporting unit with a goodwill balance of $56.6 million; and the Europe Manufacturing reporting unit with a goodwill balance of $28.7 million.

Pursuant to the authoritative guidance, we make certain estimates and assumptions to determine our reporting units and whether the fair value for each reporting unit is greater than its carry value. The above highlighted judgments contemplated estimates and effects of macroeconomic trends that are inherently uncertain. Changes in these estimates, which may include the effects of inflation and policy reactions thereto, continued increases in pricing of materials and components, or potential macroeconomic events may cause future assessment conclusions to differ.

Income taxes -The asset and liability method is used to account for income taxes. We are required to estimate the timing of the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities, make assumptions about the future deductibility of deferred tax assets and assess deferred tax liabilities based on enacted law and tax rates for each tax jurisdiction to determine the amount of deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred income taxes are provided for the temporary effects of differences between assets and liabilities recognized for financial statement and income tax reporting purposes. Valuation allowances reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that will more likely than not be realized. We recognize liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on whether evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit.

43

It is inherently difficult and subjective to estimate whether a valuation allowance or uncertain tax position is necessary. In making this assessment, management may analyze future taxable income, reversing temporary differences and/or ongoing tax planning strategies. Should a change in circumstances lead to a change in judgment about the realizability of deferred tax assets in future years, the Company would adjust related valuation allowances in the period that the change in circumstances occurs, along with a corresponding increase or charge to income. Changes in tax law or court interpretations may result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision.

Warranty accruals - Warranty costs to cover a defined warranty period are estimated and charged to operations. The estimated warranty cost is based on historical warranty claims for each particular product type. For new product types without a warranty history, preliminary estimates are based on historical information for similar product types.

These estimates are inherently uncertain as they are based on historical data for existing products and judgment for new products. If warranty claims are made in the current period for issues that have not historically been the subject of warranty claims and were not taken into consideration in establishing the accrual or if claims for issues already considered in establishing the accrual exceed expectations, warranty expense may exceed the accrual for that particular product. Conversely, there is the possibility that claims may be lower than estimates. The warranty accrual is periodically reviewed and updated based on warranty trends. However, as we cannot predict future claims, the potential exists for the difference in any one reporting period to be material. For further information regarding our warranty accrual, see Note 8 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Environmental costs - At times we may be involved in various proceedings related to environmental matters. We estimate future costs for known environmental remediation requirements and accrue for them when it is probable that we have incurred a liability and the related costs can be reasonably estimated based on currently available information. Adjustments to these liabilities are made when additional information becomes available that affects the estimated costs to study or remediate any environmental issues or when expenditures for which reserves are established are made.

Judgments used in determining if a liability is estimable are subjective and based on known facts and our historic experience. If further developments in or resolution of an environmental matter result in facts and circumstances that differ from those assumptions used to develop these reserves, the accrual for environmental remediation could be materially understated or overstated. Due to the uncertain nature of environmental matters, there can be no assurance that we will not become involved in future litigation or other proceedings or, if we were found to be responsible or liable in any litigation or proceeding, that such costs would not be material to us. For further information regarding our environmental costs, see Note 15 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

44

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

We have global operations that conduct business in their local currencies as well as other currencies. To mitigate the exposure to transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of each entity, we enter into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to protect revenue or margin on a portion of forecasted foreign currency sales and expenses. At February 28, 2023 exchange rates, notional amounts of forward exchange contracts for the purchase of Polish Zlotys and the sale of Euros; and the purchase of Mexican Pesos and the sale of U.S. Dollars aggregated to $89.1 million. Because of the variety of currencies in which purchases and sales are transacted and the interaction between currency rates, it is not possible to predict the impact of a movement in a single foreign currency exchange rate would have on future operating results.

In addition to exposure to transaction gains or losses, we are also exposed to foreign currency exchange risk related to the net asset position of our foreign subsidiaries. At February 28, 2023, net assets of foreign subsidiaries aggregated $156.6 million and a 10% strengthening of the U.S. Dollar relative to the foreign currencies would result in a decrease in equity of $15.7 million, or 1.2% of Total equity - Greenbrier. This calculation assumes that each exchange rate would change in the same direction relative to the U.S. Dollar.
 

Interest Rate Risk

We have managed a portion of our variable rate debt with interest rate swap agreements, effectively converting $468.4 million of variable rate debt to fixed rate debt. Notwithstanding these interest rate swap agreements, we are still exposed to interest rate risk relating to our revolving debt and a portion of term debt, which are at variable rates. At February 28, 2023, 74% of our outstanding debt had fixed rates and 26% had variable rates. At February 28, 2023, a uniform 10% increase in variable interest rates would result in approximately $2.6 million of additional annual interest expense.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management has evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of such date due to a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting that was disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2022.

Ongoing Remediation of Previously Identified Material Weakness

With the oversight of senior management and our Audit Committee, we have identified controls and implementation of our remediation plan is underway to address the material weakness mentioned above. The material weakness will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. We expect that the remediation of this material weakness will be completed prior to the end of fiscal 2023.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except for the changes in connection with our implementation of the remediation plans above, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended February 28, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

45

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

There is hereby incorporated by reference the information disclosed in Note 15 to Consolidated Financial Statements, Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

This Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with Part I Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2022 and our subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. There have been no material changes in the risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2022 and our subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The Board of Directors has authorized the Company to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock. On January 5, 2023, the expiration date of this share repurchase program was extended to January 31, 2025. Share repurchases under this program during the three months ended February 28, 2023 were as follows:

(in millions, except shares which are reflected in thousands, and per share amounts)	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share (Including Commissions)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
December 1, 2022 - December 31, 2022		75	$	34.35		75	$	97.4
January 1, 2023 - January 31, 2023		287	$	29.27		287	$	92.4
February 1, 2023 - February 28, 2023		213	$	30.32		213	$	85.9

46

Item 6. Exhibits

(a)List of Exhibits:

10.43	Amendment to Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of September 26, 2018, among The Greenbrier Companies, Inc., an Oregon corporation, the Lenders from time to time party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent
31.1	Certification pursuant to Rule 13a – 14 (a).
31.2	Certification pursuant to Rule 13a – 14 (a).
32.1	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (Formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

47

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.
Date:	April 10, 2023	By:	/s/ Adrian J. Downes
			Adrian J. Downes
			Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

48

EX-10

Exhibit 10.43

March 13, 2023

The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.

One Centerpointe Drive, Suite 200

Lake Oswego, OR 97035

Re: Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (as amended or modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), dated as of September 26, 2018, among The Greenbrier Companies, Inc., an Oregon corporation (the “Borrower”), the Lenders from time to time party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent (the “Administrative Agent”)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Reference is hereby made to the Credit Agreement described above. Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Credit Agreement.

The parties hereto hereby agree to amend the Credit Agreement as follows:

(i) the “and” at the end of Section 7.04(c) of the Credit Agreement is deleted,

(ii) the “.” at the end of Section 7.04(d) of the Credit Agreement is deleted and replaced with “; and”

and

(iii) a new subsection (e) is added to Section 7.04 of the Credit Agreement to read as follows: “(e) the Borrower and its Subsidiaries may consummate Dispositions permitted by Section 7.05 (other than by reference to Sections 7.05(e) and 7.05(n)).”

This letter is a Loan Document. This letter may be in the form of an electronic record (in “.pdf” form or otherwise) and may be executed using electronic signatures, which shall be considered as originals and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record. This letter may be executed in as many counterparts as necessary or convenient, including both paper and electronic counterparts, but all such counterparts shall be one and the same letter.

[Signature pages follow.]

This letter shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of the State of New York.

Very truly yours,

bank of america, n.a.,

as Administrative Agent

By: /s Liliana Claar

Name: Liliana Claar

Title: Vice President

THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

FOURTH AMENDMENT

LENDERS:	BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. By: /s Michael Snook Name: Michael Snook Title: Senior Vice President MUFG UNION BANK, N.A. By: /s Stephen Sloan Name: Stephen Sloan Title: Director
	FIFTH THIRD BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION By: /s Carson M. Korn Name: Carson M. Korn Title: Officer

WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

By: /s Jim Teichman

Name: Jim Teichman

Title: Senior Vice Presiden

BANK OF THE WEST

By: /s Gisel Hillner

Name: Gisel Hillner

Title: Director

CRÉDIT INDUSTRIEL ET COMMERCIAL, NEW YORK BRANCH

By: /s Adrienne Molloy

Name: Adrienne Molloy

Title: Managing Director

By: /s Andrew McKuin

Name: Andrew McKuin

Title: Managing Director

THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

FOURTH AMENDMENT

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, N.A.

By: /s Jim Kennedy

Name: Jim Kennedy

Title: Vice President/Senior Relationship Manager

CITIZENS BANK, N.A.

By: /s Janet Lee

Name: Janet Lee

Title: Managing Director

REGIONS BANK

By: /s Holli Balzer

Name: Holli Balzer

Title: Director

HSBC BANK USA, NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION

By:

Name:

Title:

GOLDMAN SACHS LENDING PARTNERS LLC

By:

Name:

Title:

COLUMBIA STATE BANK

By: /s Matt Hrdlicka

Name: Matt Hrdlicka

Title: Vice President

CATHAY BANK

By: /s James Campbell

Name: James Campbell

Title: First Vice President

THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

FOURTH AMENDMENT

HSBC BANK USA, NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION

By: /s Mike Mitchell

Name: Mike Mitchell

Title: Vice President

THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

FOURTH AMENDMENT

GOLDMAN SACHS LENDING PARTNERS LLC

By: /s Keshia Leday

Name: Keshia Leday

Title: Authorized Signatory

THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

FOURTH AMENDMENT

Accepted and Agreed to:

BORROWER: THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.,

By: /s Justin M. Roberts

Name: Justin M. Roberts

Title: Vice President, Corporate Finance and Treasurer

GUARANTORS: ARI COMPONENT VENTURE LLC
GREENBRIER-CONCARRIL, LLC

GREENBRIER LEASING COMPANY LLC

GREENBRIER RAILCAR LEASING, INC.

GUNDERSON LLC

GUNDERSON MARINE LLC

GUNDERSON RAIL SERVICES LLC

GREENBRIER CENTRAL, LLC

MERIDIAN RAIL ACQUISITION CORP.

MERIDIAN RAIL HOLDINGS CORP.

SOUTHWEST STEEL CASTING COMPANY, LLC

SOUTHWEST STEEL PROPERTY LLC

By: /s Justin M. Roberts

Name: Justin M. Roberts

Title: Vice President and Treasurer

GREENBRIER MANAGEMENT SERVICES, LLC

By: GREENBRIER LEASING COMPANY LLC

Its: Sole Member

By: /s Justin M. Roberts

Name: Justin M. Roberts

Title: Vice President and Treasurer

 

GUNDERSON SPECIALTY PRODUCTS, LLC

By: GUNDERSON LLC

Its: Sole Member

By: /s Justin M Roberts

Name: Justin M. Roberts

Title: Vice President and Treasurer

THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

FOURTH AMENDMENT

EX-31

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Lorie L. Tekorius, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. for the quarterly period ended February 28, 2023;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April 10, 2023
	/s/ Lorie L. Tekorius
	Lorie L. Tekorius
	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS (cont'd)

I, Adrian J. Downes, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. for the quarterly period ended February 28, 2023;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April 10, 2023
	/s/ Adrian J. Downes
	Adrian J. Downes
	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

EX-32

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended February 28, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date therein specified (the "Report"), I, Lorie L. Tekorius, Chief Executive Officer, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	April 10, 2023
	/s/ Lorie L. Tekorius
	Lorie L. Tekorius
	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended February 28, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date therein specified (the "Report"), I, Adrian J. Downes, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	April 10, 2023
	/s/ Adrian J. Downes
	Adrian J. Downes
	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

XML

Cover Page - shares	6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Apr. 05, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Feb. 28, 2023
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Entity Registrant Name	THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.
Trading Symbol	GBX
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Central Index Key	0000923120
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--08-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		31,922,937
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-13146
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	OR
Entity Tax Identification Number	93-0816972
Entity Address, Address Line One	One Centerpointe Drive
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 200
Entity Address, City or Town	Lake Oswego
Entity Address, State or Province	OR
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	97035
City Area Code	503
Local Phone Number	684-7000

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions	Feb. 28, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 379.9	$ 543.0
Restricted cash	19.7	16.1
Accounts receivable, net	571.5	501.2
Income tax receivable	22.4	39.8
Inventories	910.6	815.3
Leased railcars for syndication	102.5	111.1
Equipment on operating leases, net	891.8	770.9
Property, plant and equipment, net	618.4	645.2
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates	83.4	92.5
Intangibles and other assets, net	224.0	189.1
Goodwill	128.3	127.3
Total assets	3,952.5	3,851.5
Liabilities and Equity
Revolving notes	310.3	296.6
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	722.6	725.1
Deferred income taxes	70.2	68.6
Deferred revenue	73.0	35.3
Notes payable, net	1,327.0	1,269.1
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Contingently redeemable noncontrolling interest	27.5	27.7
Greenbrier
Preferred stock - without par value; 25,000 shares authorized; none outstanding
Common stock - without par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 32,262 and 32,603 shares outstanding at February 28, 2023 and August 31, 2022
Additional paid-in capital	403.0	424.8
Retained earnings	896.0	897.7
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(21.7)	(45.6)
Total equity – Greenbrier	1,277.3	1,276.9
Noncontrolling interest	144.6	152.2
Total equity	1,421.9	1,429.1
Liabilities and Equity	$ 3,952.5	$ 3,851.5

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Feb. 28, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, without par value
Preferred stock, shares authorized	25,000,000	25,000,000
Preferred stock, outstanding	0	0
Common stock, without par value
Common stock, shares authorized	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	32,262,000	32,603,000

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Millions		3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
		Feb. 28, 2023		Feb. 28, 2022		Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Revenue
Revenue		$ 1,122.0		$ 682.8		$ 1,888.5	$ 1,233.5
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue		1,005.2		628.0		1,702.2	1,131.1
Margin		116.8		54.8		186.3	102.4
Selling and administrative expense		59.0		54.7		112.4	99.0
Net gain on disposition of equipment		(9.6)		(25.1)		(12.9)	(33.6)
Impairment of long-lived assets						24.2
Earnings from operations		67.4		25.2		62.6	37.0
Other costs
Interest and foreign exchange		21.6		11.8		41.2	24.4
Earnings before income tax and earnings from unconsolidated affiliates		45.8		13.4		21.4	12.6
Income tax expense		(11.9)		(3.2)		(8.1)	(1.8)
Earnings before earnings from unconsolidated affiliates		33.9		10.2		13.3	10.8
Earnings from unconsolidated affiliates		2.9		1.0		6.2	6.0
Net earnings		36.8		11.2		19.5	16.8
Net (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		(3.7)		1.6		(3.1)	6.8
Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier		$ 33.1		$ 12.8		$ 16.4	$ 23.6
Basic earnings per common share		$ 1.01		$ 0.39		$ 0.50	$ 0.72
Diluted earnings per common share		$ 0.97	[1]	$ 0.38	[1]	$ 0.49	$ 0.70
Weighted average common shares:
Basic	[2]	32,588		32,582		32,654	32,546
Diluted		34,400		34,463		33,654	33,609
Manufacturing
Revenue
Revenue		$ 968.6		$ 555.7		$ 1,615.1	$ 1,008.2
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue		901.2		535.0		1,505.7	956.6
Maintenance Services
Revenue
Revenue		98.0		86.6		183.5	159.0
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue		89.6		81.7		169.2	152.9
Leasing & Management Services
Revenue
Revenue		55.4		40.5		89.9	66.3
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue		$ 14.4		$ 11.3		$ 27.3	$ 21.6

[1] Diluted earnings per share was calculated as follows: Earnings before interest and debt issuance costs on the 2.875% convertible notes due 2024 Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding

[2] Restricted stock grants and restricted stock units that are considered participating securities, including some grants subject to certain performance criteria, are included in weighted average basic common shares outstanding when the Company is in a net earnings position.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net earnings		$ 36.8	$ 11.2	$ 19.5	$ 16.8
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Translation adjustment		5.4	4.3	10.9	(9.6)
Reclassification of derivative financial instruments recognized in net earnings	[1]	(1.6)	1.3	(2.1)	2.3
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments	[2]	6.1	0.8	15.0	(2.4)
Other (net of tax effect)		0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Other comprehensive income		10.0	6.6	23.9	(9.6)
Comprehensive income		46.8	17.8	43.4	7.2
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		(3.7)	1.6	(3.1)	6.8
Comprehensive income attributable to Greenbrier		$ 43.1	$ 19.4	$ 40.3	$ 14.0

[1] 1 Net of tax effect of $0.7 million and $(0.2 million) for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022 and $1.0 million and $(0.7 million) for the six months ended February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022.

[2] 2 Net of tax effect of $(3.8 million) and $(0.8 million) for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022 and $(6.8 million) and $0.2 million for the six months ended February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Reclassification of derivative financial instruments recognized in net earnings (loss), tax	$ 0.7	$ (0.2)	$ 1.0	$ (0.7)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments, tax	$ (3.8)	$ (0.8)	$ (6.8)	$ (0.2)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Millions	Total	Common Stock Shares	Additional Paid-in Capital	Additional Paid-in Capital Cumulative Effect Adjustment Due to Adoption	Retained Earnings	Retained Earnings Cumulative Effect Adjustment Due to Adoption	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)	Total Equity - Greenbrier	Total Equity - Greenbrier Cumulative Effect Adjustment Due to Adoption	Noncontrolling Interest	Equity Excluding Contingently Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest	Equity Excluding Contingently Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest Cumulative Effect Adjustment Due to Adoption	Contingently Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Beginning balance at Aug. 31, 2021			$ 469.7	$ (58.8)	$ 881.7	$ 4.9	$ (43.7)	$ 1,307.7	$ (53.9)	$ 168.7	$ 1,476.4	$ (53.9)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Aug. 31, 2021		32,400
Beginning balance at Aug. 31, 2021													$ 29.7
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible List]			us-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate202006Member		us-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate202006Member			us-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate202006Member			us-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate202006Member
Net earnings	$ 16.8				$ 23.6			$ 23.6		(5.6)	$ 18.0		(1.2)
Other comprehensive income, net	(9.6)						(9.6)	(9.6)			(9.6)
Noncontrolling interest adjustments										(0.6)	(0.6)
Joint venture partner distribution declared										(8.4)	(8.4)
Restricted stock awards (net of cancellations)			$ 11.9					11.9			11.9
Restricted stock awards (net of cancellations) (in shares)		200
Unamortized restricted stock			(15.3)					(15.3)			(15.3)
Stock based compensation expense			5.9					5.9			5.9
Cash dividends					(17.7)			(17.7)			(17.7)
Ending balance at Feb. 28, 2022			413.4		892.5		(53.3)	1,252.6		154.1	1,406.7
Ending Balance (in shares) at Feb. 28, 2022		32,600
Ending Balance at Feb. 28, 2022													28.5
Beginning balance at Nov. 30, 2021			408.5		888.7		(59.9)	1,237.3		162.7	1,400.0
Beginning balance (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2021		32,500
Beginning balance at Nov. 30, 2021													29.7
Net earnings	11.2				12.8			12.8		(0.4)	12.4		(1.2)
Other comprehensive income, net	6.6						6.6	6.6			6.6
Noncontrolling interest adjustments										(0.4)	(0.4)
Joint venture partner distribution declared										(7.8)	(7.8)
Restricted stock awards (net of cancellations)			1.4					1.4			1.4
Restricted stock awards (net of cancellations) (in shares)		100
Unamortized restricted stock			(1.3)					(1.3)			(1.3)
Restricted stock amortization			4.8					4.8			4.8
Cash dividends					(9.0)			(9.0)			(9.0)
Ending balance at Feb. 28, 2022			413.4		892.5		(53.3)	1,252.6		154.1	1,406.7
Ending Balance (in shares) at Feb. 28, 2022		32,600
Ending Balance at Feb. 28, 2022													28.5
Beginning balance at Aug. 31, 2022	$ 1,429.1		424.8		897.7		(45.6)	1,276.9		152.2	1,429.1
Beginning balance (in shares) at Aug. 31, 2022	32,603	32,600
Beginning balance at Aug. 31, 2022													27.7
Net earnings	$ 19.5				16.4			16.4		3.3	19.7		(0.2)
Other comprehensive income, net	23.9						23.9	23.9			23.9
Noncontrolling interest adjustments			(7.9)					(7.9)		(2.0)	(9.9)
Joint venture partner distribution declared										(8.9)	(8.9)
Restricted stock awards (net of cancellations)			9.0					9.0			9.0
Restricted stock awards (net of cancellations) (in shares)		200
Unamortized restricted stock			(11.4)					(11.4)			(11.4)
Stock based compensation expense			5.9					5.9			5.9
Repurchase of stock			(17.4)					(17.4)			(17.4)
Repurchase of stock (in shares)		(500)
Cash dividends					(18.1)			(18.1)			(18.1)
Ending balance at Feb. 28, 2023	$ 1,421.9		403.0		896.0		(21.7)	1,277.3		144.6	1,421.9
Ending Balance (in shares) at Feb. 28, 2023	32,262	32,300
Ending Balance at Feb. 28, 2023													27.5
Beginning balance at Nov. 30, 2022			425.6		871.9		(31.7)	1,265.8		152.1	1,417.9
Beginning balance (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2022		32,800
Beginning balance at Nov. 30, 2022													27.7
Net earnings	$ 36.8				33.1			33.1		3.9	37.0		(0.2)
Other comprehensive income, net	10.0						10.0	10.0			10.0
Noncontrolling interest adjustments			(7.9)					(7.9)		(7.5)	(15.4)
Joint venture partner distribution declared										(3.9)	(3.9)
Restricted stock awards (net of cancellations)			0.5					0.5			0.5
Unamortized restricted stock			(0.5)					(0.5)			(0.5)
Stock based compensation expense			2.7					2.7			2.7
Repurchase of stock			(17.4)					(17.4)			(17.4)
Repurchase of stock (in shares)		(500)
Cash dividends					(9.0)			(9.0)			(9.0)
Ending balance at Feb. 28, 2023	$ 1,421.9		$ 403.0		$ 896.0		$ (21.7)	$ 1,277.3		$ 144.6	$ 1,421.9
Ending Balance (in shares) at Feb. 28, 2023	32,262	32,300
Ending Balance at Feb. 28, 2023													$ 27.5

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Equity Excluding Contingently Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Cash dividend per share	$ 0.27	$ 0.27	$ 0.54	$ 0.54

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net earnings	$ 19.5	$ 16.8
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash used in operating activities:
Deferred income taxes	(33.9)	(4.3)
Depreciation and amortization	52.9	50.9
Net gain on disposition of equipment	(12.9)	(33.6)
Stock based compensation expense	5.9	5.9
Impairment of long-lived assets	24.2
Noncontrolling interest adjustments	2.3	(0.6)
Other	1.9	2.4
Decrease (increase) in assets:
Accounts receivable, net	(57.8)	(93.5)
Income tax receivable	17.4	6.2
Inventories	(90.4)	(166.5)
Leased railcars for syndication	(40.1)	(12.2)
Other assets	(12.8)	(8.5)
Increase (decrease) in liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(9.7)	15.2
Deferred revenue	37.1	1.5
Net cash used in operating activities	(96.4)	(220.3)
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from sales of assets	62.1	148.6
Capital expenditures	(169.7)	(198.0)
Investments in and advances to / repayments from unconsolidated affiliates	(3.5)	(4.2)
Cash distribution from unconsolidated affiliates and other	5.9	1.2
Net cash used in investing activities	(105.2)	(52.4)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net change in revolving notes with maturities of 90 days or less	(64.4)	(75.6)
Proceeds from revolving notes with maturities longer than 90 days	220.0
Repayments of revolving notes with maturities longer than 90 days	(145.0)
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable	75.0	323.3
Repayments of notes payable	(18.2)	(7.6)
Debt issuance costs	(0.2)	(5.2)
Repurchase of stock	(16.7)
Dividends	(18.1)	(18.1)
Cash distribution to joint venture partner	(6.4)	(8.5)
Tax payments for net share settlement of restricted stock	(2.3)	(3.5)
Net cash provided by financing activities	23.7	204.8
Effect of exchange rate changes	18.4	(1.0)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(159.5)	(68.9)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, Beginning balance	559.1	671.4
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, Ending balance	399.6	602.5
Balance sheet reconciliation
Cash and cash equivalents	379.9	586.8
Restricted cash	19.7	15.7
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as presented above	399.6	602.5
Cash paid during the period for
Interest	31.3	14.9
Income taxes paid, net	19.5	1.7
Non-cash activity
Transfers between Leased railcars for syndication and Inventories and Equipment on operating leases, net	39.7	10.5
Capital expenditures accrued in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	4.4	2.6
Change in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities associated with dividends declared	0.1	0.4
Change in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities associated with cash distributions to joint venture partner	2.5	$ 0.1
Repurchase of stock accrued in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$ 0.7

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Interim Financial Statements

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Interim Financial Statements

Note 1 – Interim Financial Statements

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. and its subsidiaries (Greenbrier or the Company) as of February 28, 2023 and for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022 have been prepared to reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods indicated. The results of operations for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year ending August 31, 2023.

Certain notes and other information have been condensed or omitted from the interim financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Therefore, these unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2022.

Management Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (GAAP) requires judgment on the part of management to arrive at estimates and assumptions on matters that are inherently uncertain. These estimates may affect the amount of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities within the financial statements. Estimates and assumptions are periodically evaluated and may be adjusted in future periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Share Repurchase Program – The Board of Directors has authorized the Company to repurchase in aggregate up to $100.0 million of the Company’s common stock. The program may be modified, suspended, or discontinued at any time without prior notice. Under the share repurchase program, shares of common stock may be purchased from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. The timing and amount of purchases will be based upon market conditions, securities law limitations and other factors. The share repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire any specific number of shares in any period. The prior authorization was set to expire on January 31, 2023. On January 5, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the extension of the existing share repurchase program to January 31, 2025.

During the three and six months ended February 28, 2023, the Company purchased a total of 575 thousand shares for $17.4 million, of which 478 thousand shares for $14.1 million were purchased under the current authorization of the share repurchase program. As of February 28, 2023, the amount remaining for repurchase under the share repurchase program was $85.9 million. There were no shares repurchased under the share repurchase program during the six months ended February 28, 2022.

Initial Adoption of Accounting Standards

Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standard Update (ASU) 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (ASU 2020-04), which provides practical expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The elective amendments provide expedients to contract modification, affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The expedients and exceptions provided by this guidance apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued as a result of reference rate reform. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, to extend the temporary accounting rules under Topic 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. This guidance is not applicable to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2024. During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022, the Company adopted the optional relief guidance provided under ASU 2020-04 after modifying certain debt to update the reference rate from LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR). This caused a temporary mismatch in our interest rate swap and debt for a period of time. The application of this expedient preserves the presentation of the derivatives consistent with past presentation. The Company will continue to assess the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable going forward.

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Revenue Recognition

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Note 2 – Revenue Recognition

Contract balances

Contract assets primarily consist of unbilled receivables related to marine vessel construction for which the respective contracts do not yet permit billing at the reporting date, and railcar maintenance inventories. Contract liabilities primarily consist of customer prepayments for manufacturing, maintenance, and other management-type services, for which the Company has not yet satisfied the related performance obligations.

The contract balances are as follows:

(in millions)	Balance sheet classification	February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022		$ change
Contract assets	Accounts receivable, net	$	2.4	$	13.0	$	(10.6	)
Contract assets	Inventories	$	8.2	$	6.0	$	2.2
Contract liabilities 1	Deferred revenue	$	65.7	$	30.5	$	35.2

1 Contract liabilities balance includes deferred revenue within the scope of Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).

For the three and six months ended February 28, 2023, the Company recognized $2.3 million and $10.0 million of revenue that was included in Contract liabilities as of August 31, 2022.

Performance obligations

As of February 28, 2023, the Company has entered into contracts with customers for which revenue has not yet been recognized. The following table outlines estimated revenue related to performance obligations wholly or partially unsatisfied, that the Company anticipates will be recognized in future periods.

(in millions)	February 28, 2023
Revenue type:
Manufacturing – Railcar sales	$	2,321.9
Manufacturing – Marine	$	43.2
Manufacturing – Sustainable conversions	$	103.8
Management services	$	130.1
Other	$	11.5

Based on current production and delivery schedules and existing contracts, approximately $1.3 billion of Railcar sales are expected to be recognized in the remaining six months of 2023 while the remaining amount is expected to be recognized into calendar 2024.

Marine revenue is expected to be recognized into 2024 as vessel construction is completed.

Sustainable conversions represent orders to modernize existing railcars and are expected to be recognized through 2023.

Management services includes management and maintenance services of which approximately 50% are expected to be performed through 2027 and the remaining amount through 2037.

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Inventories

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

Note 3 – Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in first-out method. Work-in-process includes material, labor and overhead. Finished goods includes completed wheels, parts and railcars not on lease or in transit. The following table summarizes the Company’s inventory balance:

(in millions)	February 28, 2023			August 31, 2022
Manufacturing supplies and raw materials	$	686.7		$	570.2
Work-in-process		140.3			183.3
Finished goods		99.2			75.9
Excess and obsolete adjustment		(15.6	)		(14.1	)
	$	910.6		$	815.3

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Gunderson Facility

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Gunderson Facility

Note 4 – Gunderson Facility

On November 17, 2022, as part of the Company's strategic review of the global business capacity footprint, the Company decided to permanently cease rail production at the Company’s Gunderson facility during 2023 and to explore alternatives to exit marine barge production in the first part of calendar 2024. Due to the change in future use of the facility, management assessed recoverability of Gunderson assets in accordance with the Company’s policy on impairment of long-lived assets. Based on an analysis of future undiscounted cash flows associated with these assets, management determined that the carrying value was not recoverable. The carrying amount of the Company’s long-lived assets at the Gunderson facility was $44.0 million and the fair value was $19.8 million as of the impairment date. The fair value was primarily determined based on estimated market prices of the assets and represented a Level 3 valuation in the fair value hierarchy. In the first quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company concluded that an impairment charge was necessary and $24.2 million was recorded in the Manufacturing segment as Impairment of long-lived assets within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Although it is possible that costs and charges related to the cessation of production at the facility, such as exit costs and termination benefits may be incurred in future periods, the amount of any such costs and charges is not estimable at this time and the Company does not yet know if the amount of any such costs and charges will be material.

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Intangibles and Other Assets, net

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangibles and Other Assets, net

Note 5 – Intangibles and Other Assets, net

Intangible assets that are determined to have finite lives are amortized over their useful lives. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized and are periodically evaluated for impairment.

The following table summarizes the Company’s identifiable Intangible and other assets balance:

(in millions)	February 28, 2023			August 31, 2022
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Customer relationships	$	87.5		$	87.5
Accumulated amortization		(67.6	)		(66.1	)
Other intangibles		42.7			42.4
Accumulated amortization		(19.6	)		(16.5	)
		43.0			47.3
Intangible assets not subject to amortization		2.4			2.4
Prepaid and other assets		76.4			32.4
Operating lease ROU assets		50.0			54.2
Nonqualified savings plan investments		45.1			40.3
Debt issuance costs, net		6.8			8.7
Assets held for sale		0.3			3.8
	$	224.0		$	189.1

Amortization expense was $2.0 million and $4.0 million for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023, respectively and $2.3 million and $5.4 million for the three and six months ended February 28, 2022, respectively. Amortization expense for the years ending August 31, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026 and 2027 is expected to be $8.3 million, $7.5 million, $6.5 million, $6.1 million and $5.3 million, respectively.

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Revolving Notes

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Revolving Notes

Note 6 – Revolving Notes

Senior secured credit facilities aggregated to $1.1 billion as of February 28, 2023. The Company had an aggregate of $436.0 million available to draw down under committed credit facilities as of February 28, 2023. This amount consists of $364.1 million available on the North American credit facility, $36.9 million on the European credit facilities and $35.0 million on the Mexican credit facilities.

North America – As of February 28, 2023, a $600.0 million revolving line of credit, maturing August 2026, secured by substantially all the Company’s U.S. assets not otherwise pledged as security for term loans or the warehouse credit facility, existed to provide working capital and interim financing of equipment, principally for the Company’s U.S. and Mexican operations. Advances under this North American credit facility bear interest at SOFR plus 1.75% plus 0.10% as a SOFR adjustment or Prime plus 0.75% depending on the type of borrowing. Available borrowings under the credit facility are generally based on defined levels of eligible inventory, receivables, property, plant and equipment and leased equipment, as well as total debt to consolidated capitalization and fixed charges coverage ratios.

GBX Leasing – As of February 28, 2023, a $350.0 million non-recourse warehouse credit facility existed to support the operations of GBX Leasing. Advances under this facility bear interest at SOFR plus 1.85% plus 0.11% as a SOFR adjustment. The warehouse credit facility converts to a term loan in August 2025 and matures in August 2027.

Europe – As of February 28, 2023, lines of credit totaling $71.7 million secured by certain of the Company’s European assets, with variable rates that range from Warsaw Interbank Offered Rate (WIBOR) plus 1.2% to WIBOR plus 1.6% and Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURIBOR) plus 1.1% to EURIBOR plus 1.5%, were available for working capital needs of the Company’s European manufacturing operations. The European lines of credit include $35.0 million which is guaranteed by the Company. European credit facilities are regularly renewed. Currently, these European credit facilities have maturities that range from June 2023 through September 2024.

Mexico – As of February 28, 2023, the Company’s Mexican railcar manufacturing operations had three lines of credit totaling $120.0 million for working capital needs. The first line of credit provides up to $50.0 million and matures in October 2024. Advances under this facility bear interest at LIBOR plus 4.25%. The second line of credit provides up to $40.0 million, of which the Company and its joint venture partner have each guaranteed 50%. Advances under this facility bear interest at SOFR plus 2.55%. The Mexican railcar manufacturing joint venture will be able to draw amounts available under this facility through February 2025. The third line of credit provides up to $30.0 million, of which the Company and its joint venture partner have each guaranteed 50%. Advances under this facility bear interest at LIBOR plus 3.75% to 4.25%. The Mexican railcar manufacturing joint venture will be able to draw amounts available under this facility through June 2024.

Revolving notes consisted of the following balances:

(in millions)	February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022
North America	$	125.0	$	160.0
GBX Leasing		65.5		—
Europe		34.8		51.6
Mexico		85.0		85.0
	$	310.3	$	296.6

Outstanding commitments under the North American credit facility included letters of credit which totaled $5.5 million and $6.9 million as of February 28, 2023 and August 31, 2022, respectively.

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Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Note 7 – Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

(in millions)	February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022
Trade payables	$	408.0	$	401.5
Accrued liabilities and other		109.4		102.8
Operating lease liabilities		52.0		56.4
Accrued payroll and related liabilities		128.7		140.4
Accrued warranty		24.5		24.0
	$	722.6	$	725.1

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Warranty Accruals

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Guarantees and Product Warranties [Abstract]

Warranty Accruals

Note 8 – Warranty Accruals

Warranty costs are estimated and charged to operations to cover a defined warranty period. The estimated warranty cost is based on the history of warranty claims for each particular product type. For new product types without a warranty history, preliminary estimates are based on historical information for similar product types. The warranty accruals, included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, are reviewed periodically and updated based on warranty trends and expirations of warranty periods.

Warranty accrual activity:

	Three Months Ended February 28,						Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	23.7		$	27.5		$	24.0		$	27.9
Charged to cost of revenue, net		1.7			5.5			2.9			6.4
Payments		(1.0	)		(2.8	)		(2.6	)		(3.8	)
Currency translation effect		0.1			(0.1	)		0.2			(0.4	)
Balance at end of period	$	24.5		$	30.1		$	24.5		$	30.1

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Note 9 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax effect as appropriate, consisted of the following:

(in millions)	Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivative Financial Instruments			Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment			Other			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance, August 31, 2022	$	13.0		$	(57.4	)	$	(1.2	)	$	(45.6	)
Other comprehensive gain before reclassifications		15.0			10.9			0.1			26.0
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other    comprehensive loss		(2.1	)		—			—			(2.1	)
Balance, February 28, 2023	$	25.9		$	(46.5	)	$	(1.1	)	$	(21.7	)

The amounts reclassified out of Accumulated other comprehensive loss into the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, with financial statement caption, were as follows:

	Three Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023			2022			Financial Statement Caption
(Gain) loss on derivative financial instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	0.1		$	0.2		Revenue and Cost of revenue
Interest rate swap contracts		(2.4	)		1.3		Interest and foreign exchange
		(2.3	)		1.5		Total before tax
		0.7			(0.2	)	Income tax expense
	$	(1.6	)	$	1.3		Net of tax

	Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023			2022			Financial Statement Caption
(Gain) loss on derivative financial instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	0.3		$	0.4		Revenue and Cost of revenue
Interest rate swap contracts		(3.4	)		2.6		Interest and foreign exchange
		(3.1	)		3.0		Total before tax
		1.0			(0.7	)	Income tax expense
	$	(2.1	)	$	2.3		Net of tax

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Note 10 – Earnings Per Share

The shares used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share are reconciled as follows:

	Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding (1)		32,588		32,582		32,654		32,546
Dilutive effect of 2.875% convertible notes due 2024 (2)		821		815		—		—
Dilutive effect of 2.875% convertible notes due 2028 (3)		—		—		—		—
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units (4)		991		1,066		1,000		1,063
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding		34,400		34,463		33,654		33,609

(1) Restricted stock grants and restricted stock units that are considered participating securities, including some grants subject to certain performance criteria, are included in weighted average basic common shares outstanding when the Company is in a net earnings position.

(2) The dilutive effect of the 2.875% Convertible notes due 2024 was excluded for the six months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022 as they were considered anti-dilutive under the “if converted” method as further discussed below.

(3) The dilutive effect of the 2.875% Convertible notes due 2028 was excluded for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022 as the average stock price was less than the applicable conversion price and therefore was considered anti-dilutive. As these notes require cash settlement for the principal, only a premium is potentially dilutive under the "if converted" method as further discussed below.

(4) Restricted stock units that are not considered participating securities and restricted stock units subject to performance criteria, for which actual levels of performance above target have been achieved, are included in weighted average diluted common shares outstanding when the Company is in a net earnings position.

Basic earnings per common share (EPS) is computed by dividing Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier by weighted average basic common shares outstanding, which includes restricted stock grants and restricted stock units that are considered participating securities when the Company is in a net earnings position.

For the three and six months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, diluted EPS was calculated using the more dilutive of two methods. The first method includes the dilutive effect, using the treasury stock method, associated with restricted stock units that are not considered participating securities and performance based restricted stock units subject to performance criteria, for which actual levels of performance above target have been achieved. The second method supplements the first by also including the “if converted” effect of the 2.875% Convertible notes due 2024 and shares underlying the 2.875% Convertible notes due 2028, when there is a conversion premium. Under the “if converted” method, debt issuance and interest costs, both net of tax, associated with the convertible notes due 2024 are added back to net earnings and the share count is increased by the shares underlying the convertible notes.

	Three Months Ended February 28,						Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions, except shares which are reflected in thousands, and per share amounts)	2023			2022			2023		2022
Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier	$	33.1		$	12.8		$	16.4	$	23.6
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding		32,588			32,582			32,654		32,546
Basic earnings per share	$	1.01		$	0.39		$	0.50	$	0.72
Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier	$	33.1		$	12.8		$	16.4	$	23.6
Add back:
Interest and debt issuance costs on the 2.875%      convertible notes due 2024, net of tax		0.3			0.3		n/a		n/a
Earnings before interest and debt issuance costs      on the 2.875% convertible notes due 2024	$	33.4		$	13.1		n/a		n/a
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding		34,400			34,463			33,654		33,609
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.97	(1)	$	0.38	(1)	$	0.49	$	0.70

(1) Diluted earnings per share was calculated as follows:

Earnings before interest and debt issuance costs on the 2.875% convertible notes due 2024

Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding

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Stock Based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Based Compensation

Note 11 – Stock Based Compensation

The value of stock based compensation awards is amortized as compensation expense from the date of grant through the earlier of the vesting period or in some instances the recipient’s eligible retirement date. Stock based compensation expense consists of restricted stock unit awards.

Stock based compensation expense was $2.7 million and $5.9 million for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023, respectively and $4.9 million and $5.9 million for the three and six months ended February 28, 2022, respectively. Compensation expense is recorded in Selling and administrative expense and Cost of revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

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Derivative Instruments

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Instruments

Note 12 – Derivative Instruments

Foreign operations give rise to market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Foreign currency forward exchange contracts with established financial institutions are utilized to hedge a portion of that risk. Interest rate swap agreements are used to reduce the impact of changes in interest rates on certain current and probable future debt. The Company’s foreign currency forward exchange contracts and interest rate swap agreements are designated as cash flow hedges, and therefore the effective portion of unrealized gains and losses is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income.

At February 28, 2023 exchange rates, notional amounts of forward exchange contracts for the purchase of Polish Zlotys and the sale of Euros; and the purchase of Mexican Pesos and the sale of U.S. Dollars aggregated to $89.1 million. The fair value of the contracts is included on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as Accounts payable and accrued liabilities when in a loss position, or as Accounts receivable, net when in a gain position. As the contracts mature at various dates through August 2024, any such gain or loss remaining will be recognized in manufacturing revenue or cost of revenue along with the related transactions. In the event that the underlying transaction does not occur or does not occur in the period designated at the inception of the hedge, the amount classified in accumulated other comprehensive loss would be reclassified to the results of operations in Interest and foreign exchange at the time of occurrence. At February 28, 2023 exchange rates, approximately $(0.4 million) of loss would be reclassified to revenue or cost of revenue in the next year.

At February 28, 2023, interest rate swap agreements maturing from September 2023 through January 2032 had notional amounts that aggregated to $468.4 million. The fair value of the contracts is included on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities when in a loss position, or in Accounts receivable, net when in a gain position. As interest expense on the underlying debt is recognized, amounts corresponding to the interest rate swap are reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss and charged or credited to interest expense. At February 28, 2023 interest rates, approximately $13.5 million of gain would be reclassified to interest expense in the next year.
 

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments

(in millions)

	Asset Derivatives					Liability Derivatives
		February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022			February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022
	Balance sheet location	Fair Value		Fair Value		Balance sheet location	Fair Value		Fair Value
Derivatives designated    as hedging    instruments
Foreign forward    exchange contracts	Accounts receivable, net	$	1.5	$	0.6	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	0.4	$	2.9
Interest rate swap contracts	Accounts receivable, net		36.4		20.8	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		—		-
		$	37.9	$	21.4		$	0.4	$	2.9
Derivatives not    designated as    hedging instruments
Foreign forward   exchange contracts	Accounts receivable,   net	$	—	$	—	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	—	$	0.1

The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Statements of Income

(in millions)

Three Months Ended February 28, 2023 and 2022

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	Location of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives	Gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives three months ended February 28,
		2023			2022
Foreign forward exchange contract	Interest and foreign exchange	$	(0.3	)	$	(0.1	)

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	Gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives three months ended February 28,					Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income	Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income three months ended February 28,						Location of gain (loss) on derivative (amount excluded from effectiveness testing)	Gain (loss) recognized on derivative (amount excluded from effectiveness testing) three months ended February 28,
	2023		2022				2023			2022				2023		2022
Foreign    forward    exchange    contracts	$	0.5	$	(0.4	)	Revenue	$	(0.5	)	$	(0.2	)	Revenue	$	0.5	$	0.3
Foreign    forward    exchange    contracts		0.8		1.4		Cost of revenue		0.4			—		Cost of    revenue		0.3		0.3
Interest rate    swap    contracts		8.6		0.6		Interest and foreign exchange		2.4			(1.3	)	Interest and    foreign    exchange		—		—
	$	9.9	$	1.6			$	2.3		$	(1.5	)		$	0.8	$	0.6

The following table presents the amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income in which the effects of the cash flow hedges are recorded and the effects of the cash flow hedge activity on these line items for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022:

	For The Three Months Ended February 28,
	2023					2022
	Total		Amount of gain (loss) on cash flow hedge activity			Total		Amount of gain (loss) on cash flow hedge activity
Revenue	$	1,122.0	$	(0.5	)	$	682.8	$	(0.2	)
Cost of revenue	$	1,005.2	$	0.4		$	628.0	$	—
Interest and foreign exchange	$	21.6	$	2.4		$	11.8	$	(1.3	)

Six Months Ended February 28, 2023 and 2022

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	Location of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives	Gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives six months ended February 28,
		2023			2022
Foreign forward exchange contract	Interest and foreign exchange	$	(0.3	)	$	(0.4	)

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	Gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives six months ended February 28,					Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income	Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income six months ended February 28,						Location of gain (loss) on derivative (amount excluded from effectiveness testing)	Gain (loss) recognized on derivative (amount excluded from effectiveness testing) six months ended February 28,
	2023		2022				2023			2022				2023		2022
Foreign    forward    exchange    contracts	$	2.0	$	(5.0	)	Revenue	$	(0.9	)	$	(0.4	)	Revenue	$	0.8	$	0.5
Foreign    forward    exchange    contracts		1.1		0.1		Cost of revenue		0.6			—		Cost of    revenue		0.4		0.4
Interest rate    swap    contracts		19.0		2.3		Interest and foreign exchange		3.4			(2.6	)	Interest and    foreign    exchange		—		—
	$	22.1	$	(2.6	)		$	3.1		$	(3.0	)		$	1.2	$	0.9

The following table presents the amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income in which the effects of the cash flow hedges are recorded and the effects of the cash flow hedge activity on these line items for the six months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022:

	For The Six Months Ended February 28,
	2023					2022
	Total		Amount of gain (loss) on cash flow hedge activity			Total		Amount of gain (loss) on cash flow hedge activity
Revenue	$	1,888.5	$	(0.9	)	$	1,233.5	$	(0.4	)
Cost of revenue	$	1,702.2	$	0.6		$	1,131.1	$	—
Interest and foreign exchange	$	41.2	$	3.4		$	24.4	$	(2.6	)

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Segment Information

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Note 13 – Segment Information

The Company operates in three reportable segments: Manufacturing; Maintenance Services; and Leasing & Management Services.

The accounting policies of the segments are described in the summary of significant accounting policies in the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2022. Performance is evaluated based on Earnings (loss) from operations. Corporate includes selling and

administrative costs not directly related to goods and services and certain costs that are intertwined among segments due to our integrated business model. The Company does not allocate Interest and foreign exchange or Income tax expense for either external or internal reporting purposes. Intersegment sales and transfers are valued as if the sales or transfers were to third parties. Related revenue and margin are eliminated in consolidation and therefore are not included in consolidated results in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

The information in the following table is derived directly from the segments’ internal financial reports used for corporate management purposes.

For the three months ended February 28, 2023:

	Revenue								Earnings (loss) from operations
(in millions)	External		Intersegment			Total			External			Intersegment			Total
Manufacturing	$	968.6	$	96.8		$	1,065.4		$	46.6		$	8.8		$	55.4
Maintenance Services		98.0		6.2			104.2			6.8			—			6.8
Leasing & Management Services		55.4		0.5			55.9			40.7			0.1			40.8
Eliminations		—		(103.5	)		(103.5	)		—			(8.9	)		(8.9	)
Corporate		—		—			—			(26.7	)		—			(26.7	)
	$	1,122.0	$	—		$	1,122.0		$	67.4		$	—		$	67.4

For the six months ended February 28, 2023:

	Revenue								Earnings (loss) from operations
(in millions)	External		Intersegment			Total			External			Intersegment			Total
Manufacturing	$	1,615.1	$	141.3		$	1,756.4		$	43.2		$	12.8		$	56.0
Maintenance Services		183.5		14.7			198.2			12.3			—			12.3
Leasing & Management Services		89.9		0.7			90.6			56.3			0.1			56.4
Eliminations		—		(156.7	)		(156.7	)		—			(12.9	)		(12.9	)
Corporate		—		—			—			(49.2	)		—			(49.2	)
	$	1,888.5	$	—		$	1,888.5		$	62.6		$	—		$	62.6

For the three months ended February 28, 2022:

	Revenue								Earnings (loss) from operations
(in millions)	External		Intersegment			Total			External			Intersegment		Total
Manufacturing	$	555.7	$	1.8		$	557.5		$	1.8		$	—	$	1.8
Maintenance Services		86.6		6.1			92.7			2.9			—		2.9
Leasing & Management Services		40.5		0.4			40.9			47.6			—		47.6
Eliminations		—		(8.3	)		(8.3	)		—			—		—
Corporate		—		—			—			(27.1	)		—		(27.1	)
	$	682.8	$	—		$	682.8		$	25.2		$	—	$	25.2

For the six months ended February 28, 2022:

	Revenue								Earnings (loss) from operations
(in millions)	External		Intersegment			Total			External			Intersegment			Total
Manufacturing	$	1,008.2	$	41.2		$	1,049.4		$	14.1		$	0.3		$	14.4
Maintenance Services		159.0		8.8			167.8			1.8			—			1.8
Leasing & Management Services		66.3		0.7			67.0			64.8			—			64.8
Eliminations		—		(50.7	)		(50.7	)		—			(0.3	)		(0.3	)
Corporate		—		—			—			(43.7	)		—			(43.7	)
	$	1,233.5	$	—		$	1,233.5		$	37.0		$	—		$	37.0

	Total assets
(in millions)	February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022
Manufacturing	$	1,923.0	$	1,853.9
Maintenance Services		313.9		284.8
Leasing & Management Services		1,267.2		1,152.2
Unallocated, including cash		448.4		560.6
	$	3,952.5	$	3,851.5

Reconciliation of Earnings from operations to Earnings before income tax and earnings from unconsolidated affiliates:

	Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Earnings from operations	$	67.4	$	25.2	$	62.6	$	37.0
Interest and foreign exchange		21.6		11.8		41.2		24.4
Earnings before income tax and earnings   from unconsolidated affiliates	$	45.8	$	13.4	$	21.4	$	12.6

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Leases

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Note 14 – Leases

Lessor

Equipment on operating leases is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $55.2 million and $48.6 million as of February 28, 2023 and August 31, 2022, respectively. Depreciation expense was $6.8 million and $12.8 million for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023, respectively and $5.4 million and $10.5 million for the three and six months ended February 28, 2022, respectively. In addition, certain railcar equipment leased-in by the Company on operating leases is subleased to customers under non-cancelable operating leases with lease terms ranging from one to approximately thirteen years. Operating lease rental revenues included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023 was $23.8 million and $43.4 million, respectively, which included $4.9 million and $9.7 million, respectively, of revenue as a result of daily, monthly or car hire utilization arrangements. Operating lease rental revenues included in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended February 28, 2022 was $16.3 million and $31.3 million, respectively, which included $3.9 million and $8.5 million, respectively, of revenue as a result of daily, monthly or car hire utilization arrangements.

Aggregate minimum future amounts receivable under all non-cancelable operating leases and subleases at February 28, 2023, will mature as follows:

(in millions)
Remaining six months of 2023	$	33.6
2024		58.4
2025		50.4
2026		44.0
2027		38.4
Thereafter		77.7
	$	302.5

Lessee

The Company leases railcars, real estate, and certain equipment under operating and, to a lesser extent, finance lease arrangements. As of and for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022, finance leases were not a material component of the Company's lease portfolio. The Company’s real estate and equipment leases have remaining lease terms ranging from less than one year to 76 years, with some including options to extend up to 15 years. The Company recognizes a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use (ROU) asset based on the present value of lease payments. To determine the present value of lease payments, as most of its leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate is used to discount the lease payments based on information available at lease commencement date. The Company gives consideration to its recent debt issuances as well as publicly available data for instruments with similar characteristics when estimating its incremental borrowing rate.

The components of operating lease costs were as follows:

	Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease expense	$	3.1	$	2.5	$	6.4	$	5.2
Short-term lease expense		2.6		1.4		4.4		2.7
Total	$	5.7	$	3.9	$	10.8	$	7.9

Aggregate minimum future amounts payable under operating leases having initial or remaining non-cancelable terms at February 28, 2023 will mature as follows:

(in millions)
Remaining six months of 2023	$	6.6
2024		11.5
2025		8.7
2026		7.5
2027		4.7
Thereafter		17.7
Total lease payments	$	56.7
Less: Imputed interest		(4.7	)
Total lease obligations	$	52.0

The table below presents additional information related to the Company’s leases:

Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases	11.2
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	2.2	%

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases were as follows:

(in millions)	Six months ended February 28, 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement    of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	6.7
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating    lease liabilities	$	1.1

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Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 15 – Commitments and Contingencies

Portland Harbor Superfund Site

The Company’s Portland, Oregon manufacturing facility (the Portland Property) is located adjacent to the Willamette River. In December 2000, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified portions of the Willamette River bed known as the Portland Harbor, including the portion fronting the Company’s manufacturing facility, as a federal "National Priority List" or "Superfund" site due to sediment contamination (the Portland Harbor Site). The Company and more than 140 other parties have received a "General Notice" of potential liability from the EPA relating to the Portland Harbor Site. The letter advised the Company that it may be liable for the costs of investigation and remediation (which liability may be joint and several with other potentially responsible parties) as well as for natural resource damages resulting from releases of hazardous substances to the site. Ten private and public entities, including the Company (the Lower Willamette Group or LWG), signed an Administrative Order on Consent (AOC) to perform a remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) of the Portland Harbor Site under EPA oversight, and several additional entities did not sign such consent, but nevertheless contributed financially to the effort. The EPA-mandated RI/FS was produced by the LWG and cost over $110 million during a 17-year period. The Company bore a percentage of the total costs incurred by the LWG in connection with the investigation. The Company’s aggregate expenditure during the 17-year period was not material. Some or all of any such outlay may be recoverable from other responsible parties. The EPA issued its Record of Decision (ROD) for the Portland Harbor Site on January 6, 2017 and accordingly on October 26, 2017, the AOC was terminated.

Separate from the process described above, which focused on the type of remediation to be performed at the Portland Harbor Site and the schedule for such remediation, 96 parties, including the State of Oregon and the federal government, are participating in a non-judicial, mediated allocation process to try to allocate costs associated with remediation of the Portland Harbor Site. Approximately 110 additional parties signed tolling agreements related to such allocations. On April 23, 2009, the Company and the other AOC signatories filed suit against 69 other parties due to a possible limitations period for some such claims; Arkema Inc. et al v. A & C Foundry Products, Inc. et al, U.S. District Court, District of Oregon, Case #3:09-cv-453-PK. All but 12 of these parties elected to sign tolling agreements and be dismissed without prejudice, and the case has been stayed by the court until January 14, 2025.

The EPA's January 6, 2017 ROD identifies a clean-up remedy that the EPA estimates will take 13 years of active remediation, followed by 30 years of monitoring with an estimated undiscounted cost of $1.7 billion. The EPA typically expects its cost estimates to be accurate within a range of -30% to +50%, but this ROD states that changes in costs are likely to occur. The EPA has identified several Sediment Decision Units within the ROD cleanup area. One of the units, RM9W, includes the nearshore area of the river sediments offshore of the Portland Property as well as downstream of the facility. It also includes a portion of the Company’s riverbank. The ROD does not break down total remediation costs by Sediment Decision Unit. The EPA requested that potentially responsible parties enter AOCs during 2019 agreeing to conduct remedial design studies. Some parties have signed AOCs, including one party with respect to RM9W which includes the area offshore of the Portland Property. The Company has not signed an AOC in connection with remedial design, but is assisting in funding a portion of the RM9W remedial design.

The ROD does not address responsibility for the costs of clean-up, nor does it allocate such costs among the potentially responsible parties. Responsibility for funding and implementing the EPA's selected cleanup remedy will be determined at an unspecified later date. Based on the investigation to date, the Company believes that it did not contribute in any material way to contaminants of concern in the river sediments or the damage of natural resources in the Portland Harbor Site and that the damage in the area of the Portland Harbor Site adjacent to its property precedes the Company’s ownership of the Portland Property. Because these environmental investigations are still underway, sufficient information is currently not available to determine the Company’s liability, if any, for the cost of any required remediation or restoration of the Portland Harbor Site or to estimate a range of potential loss. Based on the results of the pending investigations and future assessments of natural resource damages, the Company may be required to incur costs associated with additional phases of investigation or remedial action, and may be liable for damages to natural resources. In addition, the Company may be required to perform periodic maintenance dredging in order to continue to launch vessels from its launch ways in Portland, Oregon, on the Willamette River, and the river's classification as a Superfund site could result in some limitations on future dredging and launch activities. Any of these matters could adversely affect the Company’s business and Consolidated Financial Statements, or the value of the Portland Property.

On January 30, 2017 the Confederated Tribes and Bands of Yakama Nation sued 33 parties including the Company as well as the federal government and the State of Oregon for costs it incurred in assessing alleged natural resource damages to the Columbia River from contaminants deposited in Portland Harbor. Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation v. Air Liquide America Corp., et al., U.S. Court for the District of Oregon Case No. 3i17-CV-00164-SB. The complaint does not specify the amount of damages the plaintiff will seek. The case has been stayed until January 14, 2025.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) Regulation of Portland Manufacturing Operations

The Company entered into a Voluntary Cleanup Agreement with the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) in which the Company agreed to conduct an investigation of whether, and to what extent, past or present operations at the Portland Property may have released hazardous substances into the environment. The Company has also signed an Order on Consent with the DEQ to finalize the investigation of potential onsite sources of contamination that may have a release pathway to the Willamette River. Interim precautionary measures are also required in the order and the Company is discussing with the DEQ potential remedial actions which may be required. The Company’s aggregate expenditure has not been material, however it could incur significant expenses for remediation. Some or all of any such outlay may be recoverable from other responsible parties.

Other Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, Greenbrier is involved as a defendant in litigation in the ordinary course of business, the outcomes of which cannot be predicted with certainty. While the ultimate outcome of such legal proceedings cannot be determined at this time, the Company believes that the resolution of pending litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

As of February 28, 2023, the Company had outstanding letters of credit aggregating to $5.5 million associated with performance guarantees, facility leases and workers compensation insurance.

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Fair Value Measures

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measures

Note 16 – Fair Value Measures

Certain assets and liabilities are reported at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value, for this disclosure, is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants, under a three-tier fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 - observable inputs such as unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments;

Level 2 - inputs, other than the quoted market prices in active markets for similar instruments, which are observable, either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 - unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data available, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of February 28, 2023 were:

(in millions)	Total		Level 1		Level 2 (1)		Level 3
Assets:
Derivative financial instruments	$	37.9	$	—	$	37.9	$	—
Nonqualified savings plan investments		45.1		45.1		—		—
Cash equivalents		60.3		60.3		—		—
	$	143.3	$	105.4	$	37.9	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments	$	0.4	$	—	$	0.4	$	—

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of August 31, 2022 were:

(in millions)	Total		Level 1		Level 2 (1)		Level 3
Assets:
Derivative financial instruments	$	21.4	$	—	$	21.4	$	—
Nonqualified savings plan investments		40.3		40.3		—		—
Cash equivalents		119.4		119.4		—		—
	$	181.1	$	159.7	$	21.4	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments	$	3.0	$	—	$	3.0	$	—

(1)Level 2 assets and liabilities include derivative financial instruments that are valued based on observable inputs. See Note 12 - Derivative Instruments for further discussion.

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Related Party Transactions

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

Note 17 – Related Party Transactions

The Company has a 41.9% interest in Axis, LLC (Axis), a joint venture. The Company purchased $1.8 million and $4.5 million of railcar components from Axis for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023, respectively and $3.3 million and $6.1 million for the three and six months ended February 28, 2022, respectively.

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Revenue Recognition (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Summary of Contract Balances

The contract balances are as follows:

(in millions)	Balance sheet classification	February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022		$ change
Contract assets	Accounts receivable, net	$	2.4	$	13.0	$	(10.6	)
Contract assets	Inventories	$	8.2	$	6.0	$	2.2
Contract liabilities 1	Deferred revenue	$	65.7	$	30.5	$	35.2

1 Contract liabilities balance includes deferred revenue within the scope of Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).

Summary of Estimated Revenue Related to Performance Obligations Wholly or Partially Unsatisfied

The following table outlines estimated revenue related to performance obligations wholly or partially unsatisfied, that the Company anticipates will be recognized in future periods.

(in millions)	February 28, 2023
Revenue type:
Manufacturing – Railcar sales	$	2,321.9
Manufacturing – Marine	$	43.2
Manufacturing – Sustainable conversions	$	103.8
Management services	$	130.1
Other	$	11.5

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Inventories (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Inventories

The following table summarizes the Company’s inventory balance:

(in millions)	February 28, 2023			August 31, 2022
Manufacturing supplies and raw materials	$	686.7		$	570.2
Work-in-process		140.3			183.3
Finished goods		99.2			75.9
Excess and obsolete adjustment		(15.6	)		(14.1	)
	$	910.6		$	815.3

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Intangibles and Other Assets, net (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Identifiable Intangible and Other Assets

The following table summarizes the Company’s identifiable Intangible and other assets balance:

(in millions)	February 28, 2023			August 31, 2022
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Customer relationships	$	87.5		$	87.5
Accumulated amortization		(67.6	)		(66.1	)
Other intangibles		42.7			42.4
Accumulated amortization		(19.6	)		(16.5	)
		43.0			47.3
Intangible assets not subject to amortization		2.4			2.4
Prepaid and other assets		76.4			32.4
Operating lease ROU assets		50.0			54.2
Nonqualified savings plan investments		45.1			40.3
Debt issuance costs, net		6.8			8.7
Assets held for sale		0.3			3.8
	$	224.0		$	189.1

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Revolving Notes (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Credit Facility Balances

Revolving notes consisted of the following balances:

(in millions)	February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022
North America	$	125.0	$	160.0
GBX Leasing		65.5		—
Europe		34.8		51.6
Mexico		85.0		85.0
	$	310.3	$	296.6

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Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

(in millions)	February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022
Trade payables	$	408.0	$	401.5
Accrued liabilities and other		109.4		102.8
Operating lease liabilities		52.0		56.4
Accrued payroll and related liabilities		128.7		140.4
Accrued warranty		24.5		24.0
	$	722.6	$	725.1

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Warranty Accruals (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Guarantees and Product Warranties [Abstract]

Warranty Accrual Activity

Warranty accrual activity:

	Three Months Ended February 28,						Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	23.7		$	27.5		$	24.0		$	27.9
Charged to cost of revenue, net		1.7			5.5			2.9			6.4
Payments		(1.0	)		(2.8	)		(2.6	)		(3.8	)
Currency translation effect		0.1			(0.1	)		0.2			(0.4	)
Balance at end of period	$	24.5		$	30.1		$	24.5		$	30.1

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax effect as appropriate, consisted of the following:

(in millions)	Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivative Financial Instruments			Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment			Other			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance, August 31, 2022	$	13.0		$	(57.4	)	$	(1.2	)	$	(45.6	)
Other comprehensive gain before reclassifications		15.0			10.9			0.1			26.0
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other    comprehensive loss		(2.1	)		—			—			(2.1	)
Balance, February 28, 2023	$	25.9		$	(46.5	)	$	(1.1	)	$	(21.7	)

Amounts Reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The amounts reclassified out of Accumulated other comprehensive loss into the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, with financial statement caption, were as follows:

	Three Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023			2022			Financial Statement Caption
(Gain) loss on derivative financial instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	0.1		$	0.2		Revenue and Cost of revenue
Interest rate swap contracts		(2.4	)		1.3		Interest and foreign exchange
		(2.3	)		1.5		Total before tax
		0.7			(0.2	)	Income tax expense
	$	(1.6	)	$	1.3		Net of tax

	Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023			2022			Financial Statement Caption
(Gain) loss on derivative financial instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	0.3		$	0.4		Revenue and Cost of revenue
Interest rate swap contracts		(3.4	)		2.6		Interest and foreign exchange
		(3.1	)		3.0		Total before tax
		1.0			(0.7	)	Income tax expense
	$	(2.1	)	$	2.3		Net of tax

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Shares Used in Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share

The shares used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share are reconciled as follows:

	Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding (1)		32,588		32,582		32,654		32,546
Dilutive effect of 2.875% convertible notes due 2024 (2)		821		815		—		—
Dilutive effect of 2.875% convertible notes due 2028 (3)		—		—		—		—
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units (4)		991		1,066		1,000		1,063
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding		34,400		34,463		33,654		33,609

(1) Restricted stock grants and restricted stock units that are considered participating securities, including some grants subject to certain performance criteria, are included in weighted average basic common shares outstanding when the Company is in a net earnings position.

(2) The dilutive effect of the 2.875% Convertible notes due 2024 was excluded for the six months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022 as they were considered anti-dilutive under the “if converted” method as further discussed below.

(3) The dilutive effect of the 2.875% Convertible notes due 2028 was excluded for the three and six months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022 as the average stock price was less than the applicable conversion price and therefore was considered anti-dilutive. As these notes require cash settlement for the principal, only a premium is potentially dilutive under the "if converted" method as further discussed below.

(4) Restricted stock units that are not considered participating securities and restricted stock units subject to performance criteria, for which actual levels of performance above target have been achieved, are included in weighted average diluted common shares outstanding when the Company is in a net earnings position.

Approach to Calculate Diluted Earnings per Share

	Three Months Ended February 28,						Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions, except shares which are reflected in thousands, and per share amounts)	2023			2022			2023		2022
Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier	$	33.1		$	12.8		$	16.4	$	23.6
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding		32,588			32,582			32,654		32,546
Basic earnings per share	$	1.01		$	0.39		$	0.50	$	0.72
Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier	$	33.1		$	12.8		$	16.4	$	23.6
Add back:
Interest and debt issuance costs on the 2.875%      convertible notes due 2024, net of tax		0.3			0.3		n/a		n/a
Earnings before interest and debt issuance costs      on the 2.875% convertible notes due 2024	$	33.4		$	13.1		n/a		n/a
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding		34,400			34,463			33,654		33,609
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.97	(1)	$	0.38	(1)	$	0.49	$	0.70

(1) Diluted earnings per share was calculated as follows:

Earnings before interest and debt issuance costs on the 2.875% convertible notes due 2024

Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding

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Derivative Instruments (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments

(in millions)

	Asset Derivatives					Liability Derivatives
		February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022			February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022
	Balance sheet location	Fair Value		Fair Value		Balance sheet location	Fair Value		Fair Value
Derivatives designated    as hedging    instruments
Foreign forward    exchange contracts	Accounts receivable, net	$	1.5	$	0.6	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	0.4	$	2.9
Interest rate swap contracts	Accounts receivable, net		36.4		20.8	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		—		-
		$	37.9	$	21.4		$	0.4	$	2.9
Derivatives not    designated as    hedging instruments
Foreign forward   exchange contracts	Accounts receivable,   net	$	—	$	—	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	—	$	0.1

Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Statements of Income

The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Statements of Income

(in millions)

Three Months Ended February 28, 2023 and 2022

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	Location of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives	Gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives three months ended February 28,
		2023			2022
Foreign forward exchange contract	Interest and foreign exchange	$	(0.3	)	$	(0.1	)

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	Gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives three months ended February 28,					Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income	Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income three months ended February 28,						Location of gain (loss) on derivative (amount excluded from effectiveness testing)	Gain (loss) recognized on derivative (amount excluded from effectiveness testing) three months ended February 28,
	2023		2022				2023			2022				2023		2022
Foreign    forward    exchange    contracts	$	0.5	$	(0.4	)	Revenue	$	(0.5	)	$	(0.2	)	Revenue	$	0.5	$	0.3
Foreign    forward    exchange    contracts		0.8		1.4		Cost of revenue		0.4			—		Cost of    revenue		0.3		0.3
Interest rate    swap    contracts		8.6		0.6		Interest and foreign exchange		2.4			(1.3	)	Interest and    foreign    exchange		—		—
	$	9.9	$	1.6			$	2.3		$	(1.5	)		$	0.8	$	0.6

Six Months Ended February 28, 2023 and 2022

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	Location of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives	Gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives six months ended February 28,
		2023			2022
Foreign forward exchange contract	Interest and foreign exchange	$	(0.3	)	$	(0.4	)

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	Gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives six months ended February 28,					Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income	Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income six months ended February 28,						Location of gain (loss) on derivative (amount excluded from effectiveness testing)	Gain (loss) recognized on derivative (amount excluded from effectiveness testing) six months ended February 28,
	2023		2022				2023			2022				2023		2022
Foreign    forward    exchange    contracts	$	2.0	$	(5.0	)	Revenue	$	(0.9	)	$	(0.4	)	Revenue	$	0.8	$	0.5
Foreign    forward    exchange    contracts		1.1		0.1		Cost of revenue		0.6			—		Cost of    revenue		0.4		0.4
Interest rate    swap    contracts		19.0		2.3		Interest and foreign exchange		3.4			(2.6	)	Interest and    foreign    exchange		—		—
	$	22.1	$	(2.6	)		$	3.1		$	(3.0	)		$	1.2	$	0.9

Effects of Cash Flow Hedges Included in Statements of Income

The following table presents the amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income in which the effects of the cash flow hedges are recorded and the effects of the cash flow hedge activity on these line items for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022:

	For The Three Months Ended February 28,
	2023					2022
	Total		Amount of gain (loss) on cash flow hedge activity			Total		Amount of gain (loss) on cash flow hedge activity
Revenue	$	1,122.0	$	(0.5	)	$	682.8	$	(0.2	)
Cost of revenue	$	1,005.2	$	0.4		$	628.0	$	—
Interest and foreign exchange	$	21.6	$	2.4		$	11.8	$	(1.3	)

The following table presents the amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income in which the effects of the cash flow hedges are recorded and the effects of the cash flow hedge activity on these line items for the six months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022:

	For The Six Months Ended February 28,
	2023					2022
	Total		Amount of gain (loss) on cash flow hedge activity			Total		Amount of gain (loss) on cash flow hedge activity
Revenue	$	1,888.5	$	(0.9	)	$	1,233.5	$	(0.4	)
Cost of revenue	$	1,702.2	$	0.6		$	1,131.1	$	—
Interest and foreign exchange	$	41.2	$	3.4		$	24.4	$	(2.6	)

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Segment Information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segments Internal Financial Reports

The information in the following table is derived directly from the segments’ internal financial reports used for corporate management purposes.

For the three months ended February 28, 2023:

	Revenue								Earnings (loss) from operations
(in millions)	External		Intersegment			Total			External			Intersegment			Total
Manufacturing	$	968.6	$	96.8		$	1,065.4		$	46.6		$	8.8		$	55.4
Maintenance Services		98.0		6.2			104.2			6.8			—			6.8
Leasing & Management Services		55.4		0.5			55.9			40.7			0.1			40.8
Eliminations		—		(103.5	)		(103.5	)		—			(8.9	)		(8.9	)
Corporate		—		—			—			(26.7	)		—			(26.7	)
	$	1,122.0	$	—		$	1,122.0		$	67.4		$	—		$	67.4

For the six months ended February 28, 2023:

	Revenue								Earnings (loss) from operations
(in millions)	External		Intersegment			Total			External			Intersegment			Total
Manufacturing	$	1,615.1	$	141.3		$	1,756.4		$	43.2		$	12.8		$	56.0
Maintenance Services		183.5		14.7			198.2			12.3			—			12.3
Leasing & Management Services		89.9		0.7			90.6			56.3			0.1			56.4
Eliminations		—		(156.7	)		(156.7	)		—			(12.9	)		(12.9	)
Corporate		—		—			—			(49.2	)		—			(49.2	)
	$	1,888.5	$	—		$	1,888.5		$	62.6		$	—		$	62.6

For the three months ended February 28, 2022:

	Revenue								Earnings (loss) from operations
(in millions)	External		Intersegment			Total			External			Intersegment		Total
Manufacturing	$	555.7	$	1.8		$	557.5		$	1.8		$	—	$	1.8
Maintenance Services		86.6		6.1			92.7			2.9			—		2.9
Leasing & Management Services		40.5		0.4			40.9			47.6			—		47.6
Eliminations		—		(8.3	)		(8.3	)		—			—		—
Corporate		—		—			—			(27.1	)		—		(27.1	)
	$	682.8	$	—		$	682.8		$	25.2		$	—	$	25.2

For the six months ended February 28, 2022:

	Revenue								Earnings (loss) from operations
(in millions)	External		Intersegment			Total			External			Intersegment			Total
Manufacturing	$	1,008.2	$	41.2		$	1,049.4		$	14.1		$	0.3		$	14.4
Maintenance Services		159.0		8.8			167.8			1.8			—			1.8
Leasing & Management Services		66.3		0.7			67.0			64.8			—			64.8
Eliminations		—		(50.7	)		(50.7	)		—			(0.3	)		(0.3	)
Corporate		—		—			—			(43.7	)		—			(43.7	)
	$	1,233.5	$	—		$	1,233.5		$	37.0		$	—		$	37.0

	Total assets
(in millions)	February 28, 2023		August 31, 2022
Manufacturing	$	1,923.0	$	1,853.9
Maintenance Services		313.9		284.8
Leasing & Management Services		1,267.2		1,152.2
Unallocated, including cash		448.4		560.6
	$	3,952.5	$	3,851.5

Reconciliation of Earnings from Operations to Earnings Before Income Tax and Earnings from Unconsolidated Affiliates

Reconciliation of Earnings from operations to Earnings before income tax and earnings from unconsolidated affiliates:

	Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Earnings from operations	$	67.4	$	25.2	$	62.6	$	37.0
Interest and foreign exchange		21.6		11.8		41.2		24.4
Earnings before income tax and earnings   from unconsolidated affiliates	$	45.8	$	13.4	$	21.4	$	12.6

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Leases (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Aggregate Minimum Future Amounts Receivable Under All Non-Cancelable Operating Leases and Subleases

Aggregate minimum future amounts receivable under all non-cancelable operating leases and subleases at February 28, 2023, will mature as follows:

(in millions)
Remaining six months of 2023	$	33.6
2024		58.4
2025		50.4
2026		44.0
2027		38.4
Thereafter		77.7
	$	302.5

Components of Operating Lease Costs

The components of operating lease costs were as follows:

	Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
(in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease expense	$	3.1	$	2.5	$	6.4	$	5.2
Short-term lease expense		2.6		1.4		4.4		2.7
Total	$	5.7	$	3.9	$	10.8	$	7.9

Aggregate Minimum Future Amounts Payable Under Operating Leases

Aggregate minimum future amounts payable under operating leases having initial or remaining non-cancelable terms at February 28, 2023 will mature as follows:

(in millions)
Remaining six months of 2023	$	6.6
2024		11.5
2025		8.7
2026		7.5
2027		4.7
Thereafter		17.7
Total lease payments	$	56.7
Less: Imputed interest		(4.7	)
Total lease obligations	$	52.0

Additional Information Related to Company's Leases

The table below presents additional information related to the Company’s leases:

Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases	11.2
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	2.2	%

Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases were as follows:

(in millions)	Six months ended February 28, 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement    of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	6.7
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating    lease liabilities	$	1.1

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Fair Value Measures (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of February 28, 2023 were:

(in millions)	Total		Level 1		Level 2 (1)		Level 3
Assets:
Derivative financial instruments	$	37.9	$	—	$	37.9	$	—
Nonqualified savings plan investments		45.1		45.1		—		—
Cash equivalents		60.3		60.3		—		—
	$	143.3	$	105.4	$	37.9	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments	$	0.4	$	—	$	0.4	$	—

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of August 31, 2022 were:

(in millions)	Total		Level 1		Level 2 (1)		Level 3
Assets:
Derivative financial instruments	$	21.4	$	—	$	21.4	$	—
Nonqualified savings plan investments		40.3		40.3		—		—
Cash equivalents		119.4		119.4		—		—
	$	181.1	$	159.7	$	21.4	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments	$	3.0	$	—	$	3.0	$	—

(1)Level 2 assets and liabilities include derivative financial instruments that are valued based on observable inputs. See Note 12 - Derivative Instruments for further discussion.

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Interim Financial Statements - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jan. 05, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Equity Class Of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchased authorized amount		$ 100.0	$ 100.0
Stock repurchase program remaining authorized repurchase amount		$ 85.9	$ 85.9
Stock repurchase program number of shares repurchased				0
Share repurchase program, current authorization of shares purchased		575,000	478,000
Share repurchase program, current authorization of shares purchased amount		$ 17.4	$ 14.1
Share repurchase program expiration date			Jan. 31, 2023
Stock repurchase program extension date	Jan. 31, 2025
ASU 2020-04
Equity Class Of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adopted [true false]		true	true
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adoption Date		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022

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Revenue Recognition - Summary of Contract Balances (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions		6 Months Ended
		Feb. 28, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Contract With Customer Asset And Liability [Line Items]
Contract liabilities	[1]	$ 65.7	$ 30.5
Change in contract liabilities	[1]	(35.2)
Accounts Receivable, Net
Contract With Customer Asset And Liability [Line Items]
Contract assets		2.4	13.0
Change in contract assets		(10.6)
Inventories
Contract With Customer Asset And Liability [Line Items]
Contract assets		8.2	$ 6.0
Change in contract assets		$ (2.2)

[1] Contract liabilities balance includes deferred revenue within the scope of Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).

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Revenue Recognition - Additional information (Detail) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($)
Revenue From Contract With Customers [Line Items]
Revenue recognized from contract with customers liability	$ 2.3	$ 10.0
Railcar sales
Revenue From Contract With Customers [Line Items]
Expected revenue recognized in the reminder of fiscal year	1,300.0	1,300.0
Management services
Revenue From Contract With Customers [Line Items]
Expected revenue recognized in the reminder of fiscal year	$ 130.1	$ 130.1
Expected performance percentage	50.00%	50.00%

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Revenue Recognition - Summary of Estimated Revenue Related to Performance Obligations (Detail) $ in Millions	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($)
Railcar sales
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation Expected Timing Of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue type 1	$ 1,300.0
Management services
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation Expected Timing Of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue type 1	130.1
Other
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation Expected Timing Of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue type 1	11.5
Manufacturing | Railcar sales
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation Expected Timing Of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue type 1	2,321.9
Manufacturing | Marine
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation Expected Timing Of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue type 1	43.2
Manufacturing | Sustainable conversions
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation Expected Timing Of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue type 1	$ 103.8

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Inventories - Components of Inventories (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Feb. 28, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Manufacturing supplies and raw materials	$ 686.7	$ 570.2
Work-in-process	140.3	183.3
Finished goods	99.2	75.9
Excess and obsolete adjustment	(15.6)	(14.1)
Inventories	$ 910.6	$ 815.3

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Gunderson Facility (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2022	Jan. 05, 2023
Impaired Long-Lived Assets Held and Used [Line Items]
Carrying value of long-lived assets		$ 44.0
Fair value of long-lived assets		$ 19.8
Manufacturing
Impaired Long-Lived Assets Held and Used [Line Items]
Impairment of long-lived assets	$ 24.2

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Intangibles and Other Assets, Net - Identifiable Intangible and Other Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Feb. 28, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Intangibles and Other Assets by Major Class [Line Items]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Total	$ 43.0	$ 47.3
Intangible assets not subject to amortization	2.4	2.4
Prepaid and other assets	76.4	32.4
Operating lease ROU assets	$ 50.0	$ 54.2
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Total Intangible and other assets, net	Total Intangible and other assets, net
Nonqualified savings plan investments	$ 45.1	$ 40.3
Debt issuance costs, net	6.8	8.7
Assets held for sale	0.3	3.8
Total Intangible and other assets, net	224.0	189.1
Customer Relationships
Intangibles and Other Assets by Major Class [Line Items]
Finite lived intangible assets gross	87.5	87.5
Accumulated amortization	(67.6)	(66.1)
Other Intangible Assets
Intangibles and Other Assets by Major Class [Line Items]
Finite lived intangible assets gross	42.7	42.4
Accumulated amortization	$ (19.6)	$ (16.5)

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Intangibles and Other Assets, Net - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization expense	$ 2.0	$ 2.3	$ 4.0	$ 5.4
Future amortization expense, 2023	8.3		8.3
Future amortization expense, 2024	7.5		7.5
Future amortization expense, 2025	6.5		6.5
Future amortization expense, 2026	6.1		6.1
Future amortization expense, 2027	$ 5.3		$ 5.3

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Revolving Notes - Additional Information (Detail)	6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($) CreditFacility	Aug. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-term line of credit	$ 310,300,000	$ 296,600,000
European
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility maximum capacity	71,700,000
Long-term line of credit	$ 35,000,000.0
Mexican
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Number of lines of credits | CreditFacility	3
Minimum | European
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit maturity date	2023-06
Maximum | European
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit maturity date	2024-09
WIBOR | Minimum | European
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, percentage points added to the reference rate	1.20%
WIBOR | Maximum | European
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, percentage points added to the reference rate	1.60%
EURIBOR | Minimum | European
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, percentage points added to the reference rate	1.10%
EURIBOR | Maximum | European
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, percentage points added to the reference rate	1.50%
Senior Secured Credit Facilities
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility maximum capacity	$ 1,100,000,000
Letter of credit facility outstanding amount	5,500,000	6,900,000
Senior Secured Credit Facilities | North American
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-term line of credit	125,000,000.0	160,000,000.0
Senior Secured Credit Facilities | European
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-term line of credit	34,800,000	51,600,000
Senior Secured Credit Facilities | Mexican
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-term line of credit	85,000,000.0	$ 85,000,000.0
Committed Credit Facilities
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Aggregate amount available to draw down	436,000,000.0
Committed Credit Facilities | North American
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Aggregate amount available to draw down	364,100,000
Committed Credit Facilities | European
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Aggregate amount available to draw down	36,900,000
Committed Credit Facilities | Mexican
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Aggregate amount available to draw down	35,000,000.0
Revolving Line of Credit, 1st Component of Senior Secured Credit Facilities | North American
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility maximum capacity	$ 600,000,000.0
Line of credit maturity date	2026-08
Revolving Line of Credit, 1st Component of Senior Secured Credit Facilities | Prime Rate | North American
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, percentage points added to the reference rate	0.75%
Revolving Line of Credit, 1st Component of Senior Secured Credit Facilities | SOFR | North American
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, percentage points added to the reference rate	1.75%
Revolving Line of Credit, 1st Component of Senior Secured Credit Facilities | SOFR Adjustment | North American
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, percentage points added to the reference rate	0.10%
GBX Leasing
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility maximum capacity	$ 350,000,000.0
Line of credit maturity date	2027-08
Long-term line of credit	$ 65,500,000
GBX Leasing | SOFR
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, percentage points added to the reference rate	1.85%
GBX Leasing | SOFR Adjustment
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, percentage points added to the reference rate	0.11%
Mexican Railcar Manufacturing Operations Line of Credit, 3rd Component of Senior Secured Credit Facilities | Mexican
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility maximum capacity	$ 120,000,000.0
Mexican Railcar Manufacturing Operations Line of Credit 1, 3rd Component of Senior Secured Credit Facilities | Mexican
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility maximum capacity	$ 50,000,000.0
Line of credit facility borrowings outstanding due period	2024-10
Mexican Railcar Manufacturing Operations Line of Credit 1, 3rd Component of Senior Secured Credit Facilities | LIBOR | Mexican
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, percentage points added to the reference rate	4.25%
Mexican Railcar Manufacturing Operations Line of Credit 2, 3rd Component of Senior Secured Credit Facilities | Mexican
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility maximum capacity	$ 40,000,000.0
Joint venture partner each guaranteed percentage	50.00%
Line of credit facility borrowings outstanding due period	2025-02
Mexican Railcar Manufacturing Operations Line of Credit 2, 3rd Component of Senior Secured Credit Facilities | SOFR | Mexican
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, percentage points added to the reference rate	2.55%
Mexican Railcar Manufacturing Operations Line of Credit 3, 3rd Component of Senior Secured Credit Facilities | Mexican
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility maximum capacity	$ 30,000,000.0
Joint venture partner each guaranteed percentage	50.00%
Line of credit facility borrowings outstanding due period	2024-06
Mexican Railcar Manufacturing Operations Line of Credit 3, 3rd Component of Senior Secured Credit Facilities | LIBOR | Minimum | Mexican
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, percentage points added to the reference rate	3.75%
Mexican Railcar Manufacturing Operations Line of Credit 3, 3rd Component of Senior Secured Credit Facilities | LIBOR | Maximum | Mexican
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, percentage points added to the reference rate	4.25%

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Revolving Notes - Schedule of Credit Facility Balances (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Feb. 28, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Revolving notes	$ 310.3	$ 296.6
Europe
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Revolving notes	35.0
Revolving Notes | North America
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Revolving notes	125.0	160.0
Revolving Notes | Europe
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Revolving notes	34.8	51.6
Revolving Notes | Mexico
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Revolving notes	85.0	$ 85.0
GBX Leasing
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Revolving notes	$ 65.5

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Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities - Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Feb. 28, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Aug. 31, 2022	Feb. 28, 2022	Nov. 30, 2021	Aug. 31, 2021
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Trade payables	$ 408.0		$ 401.5
Accrued liabilities and other	109.4		102.8
Operating lease liabilities	$ 52.0		$ 56.4
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Accrued payroll and related liabilities	$ 128.7		$ 140.4
Accrued warranty	24.5	$ 23.7	24.0	$ 30.1	$ 27.5	$ 27.9
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$ 722.6		$ 725.1

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Warranty Accruals - Warranty Accrual Activity (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Guarantees and Product Warranties [Abstract]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 23.7	$ 27.5	$ 24.0	$ 27.9
Charged to cost of revenue, net	1.7	5.5	2.9	6.4
Payments	(1.0)	(2.8)	(2.6)	(3.8)
Currency translation effect	0.1	(0.1)	0.2	(0.4)
Balance at end of period	$ 24.5	$ 30.1	$ 24.5	$ 30.1

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax (Detail) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 1,276.9
Ending balance	1,277.3
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivative Financial Instruments
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	13.0
Other comprehensive gain before reclassifications	15.0
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2.1)
Ending balance	25.9
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(57.4)
Other comprehensive gain before reclassifications	10.9
Ending balance	(46.5)
Other
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(1.2)
Other comprehensive gain before reclassifications	0.1
Ending balance	(1.1)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(45.6)
Other comprehensive gain before reclassifications	26.0
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2.1)
Ending balance	$ (21.7)

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Amounts Reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]
Interest and foreign exchange	$ 21.6	$ 11.8	$ 41.2	$ 24.4
Total before tax	(45.8)	(13.4)	(21.4)	(12.6)
Income tax expense	11.9	3.2	8.1	1.8
Unrealized (Gain) Loss on Derivative Financial Instruments | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive loss
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]
Total before tax	(2.3)	1.5	(3.1)	3.0
Income tax expense	0.7	(0.2)	1.0	(0.7)
Net of tax	(1.6)	1.3	(2.1)	2.3
Unrealized (Gain) Loss on Derivative Financial Instruments | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive loss | Foreign Exchange Contracts
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]
Revenue and Cost of revenue	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4
Unrealized (Gain) Loss on Derivative Financial Instruments | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive loss | Interest rate swap contracts
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]
Interest and foreign exchange	$ 2.4	$ 1.3	$ 3.4	$ 2.6

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Earnings Per Share - Reconciliation of Shares Used in Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share (Detail) - shares shares in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Earnings Per Share Disclosure [Line Items]
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding	[1]	32,588	32,582	32,654	32,546
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units	[2]	991	1,066	1,000	1,063
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding		34,400	34,463	33,654	33,609
2.875% Convertible senior notes, due 2024
Earnings Per Share Disclosure [Line Items]
Dilutive effect of convertible notes	[3]	821	815

[1] Restricted stock grants and restricted stock units that are considered participating securities, including some grants subject to certain performance criteria, are included in weighted average basic common shares outstanding when the Company is in a net earnings position.

[2] Restricted stock units that are not considered participating securities and restricted stock units subject to performance criteria, for which actual levels of performance above target have been achieved, are included in weighted average diluted common shares outstanding when the Company is in a net earnings position.

[3] The dilutive effect of the 2.875% Convertible notes due 2024 was excluded for the six months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022 as they were considered anti-dilutive under the “if converted” method as further discussed below.

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Earnings Per Share - Reconciliation of Shares Used in Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share (Parenthetical) (Detail)	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
2.875% Convertible senior notes, due 2024
Earnings Per Share Disclosure [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate	2.875%	2.875%
2.875% Convertible senior notes, due 2028
Earnings Per Share Disclosure [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate	2.875%	2.875%

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Earnings Per Share - Additional Information (Detail)	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
2.875% Convertible senior notes, due 2024
Earnings Per Share Disclosure [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate	2.875%	2.875%
2.875% Convertible senior notes, due 2028
Earnings Per Share Disclosure [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate	2.875%	2.875%

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Earnings Per Share - Approach to Calculate Diluted Earnings Per Share (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Millions		3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
		Feb. 28, 2023		Feb. 28, 2022		Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Earnings Per Share Disclosure [Line Items]
Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier		$ 33.1		$ 12.8		$ 16.4	$ 23.6
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding	[1]	32,588		32,582		32,654	32,546
Basic earnings per share		$ 1.01		$ 0.39		$ 0.50	$ 0.72
Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier		$ 33.1		$ 12.8		$ 16.4	$ 23.6
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding		34,400		34,463		33,654	33,609
Diluted earnings per common share		$ 0.97	[2]	$ 0.38	[2]	$ 0.49	$ 0.70
2.875% Convertible senior notes, due 2024
Earnings Per Share Disclosure [Line Items]
Interest and debt issuance costs on convertible notes, net of tax		$ 0.3		$ 0.3
Earnings before interest and debt issuance costs on convertible notes		$ 33.4		$ 13.1

[1] Restricted stock grants and restricted stock units that are considered participating securities, including some grants subject to certain performance criteria, are included in weighted average basic common shares outstanding when the Company is in a net earnings position.

[2] Diluted earnings per share was calculated as follows: Earnings before interest and debt issuance costs on the 2.875% convertible notes due 2024 Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding

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Earnings Per Share - Approach to Calculate Diluted Earnings Per Share (Parenthetical) (Detail)	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
2.875% Convertible senior notes, due 2024
Earnings Per Share Disclosure [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate	2.875%	2.875%

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Stock Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock based compensation expense	$ 2.7	$ 4.9	$ 5.9	$ 5.9

XML

Derivative Instruments - Additional Information (Detail) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($)
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Aggregate derivative notional amount	$ 89.1
Amount reclassified to revenue or cost of revenue in the next year	(0.4)
Interest rate swap contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Unrealized pre-tax gain (loss) that would be reclassified to interest expense in the next year	13.5
Interest rate swap contracts | Derivatives maturing from September 2023 through January 2032
Derivative [Line Items]
Aggregate derivative notional amount	$ 468.4
Interest rate swap contracts | Derivatives maturing from September 2023 through January 2032 | Minimum
Derivative [Line Items]
Maturity date	2023-09
Interest rate swap contracts | Derivatives maturing from September 2023 through January 2032 | Maximum
Derivative [Line Items]
Maturity date	2032-01

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Derivative Instruments - Fair Values of Derivative Instruments (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Feb. 28, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivatives Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives	$ 37.9	$ 21.4
Derivative Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accounts Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss	Accounts Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss
Liability Derivatives	$ 0.4	$ 2.9
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities	Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign Exchange Contracts
Derivatives Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives	$ 1.5	$ 0.6
Derivative Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accounts Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss	Accounts Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss
Liability Derivatives	$ 0.4	$ 2.9
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities	Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest rate swap contracts
Derivatives Fair Value [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives	$ 36.4	$ 20.8
Derivative Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accounts Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss	Accounts Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign Exchange Contracts
Derivatives Fair Value [Line Items]
Liability Derivatives		$ 0.1
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

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Derivative Instruments - Effect of Derivative Instruments on Statements of Income (Detail) - Cash Flow Hedging - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives	$ 9.9	$ 1.6	$ 22.1	$ (2.6)
Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income	2.3	(1.5)	3.1	(3.0)
Gain (loss) recognized on derivative (amount excluded from effectiveness testing)	0.8	0.6	1.2	0.9
Foreign Exchange Forward
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives	$ (0.3)	$ (0.1)	$ (0.3)	$ (0.4)
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Interest And Foreign Exchange Net	Interest And Foreign Exchange Net	Interest And Foreign Exchange Net	Interest And Foreign Exchange Net
Foreign Exchange Forward | Sales
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives	$ 0.5	$ (0.4)	$ 2.0	$ (5.0)
Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income	(0.5)	(0.2)	(0.9)	(0.4)
Gain (loss) recognized on derivative (amount excluded from effectiveness testing)	$ 0.5	$ 0.3	$ 0.8	$ 0.5
Derivative Instrument, Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income, Effective Portion, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax
Foreign Exchange Forward | Cost Of Revenue
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives	$ 0.8	$ 1.4	$ 1.1	$ 0.1
Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income	0.4	0.0	0.6	0.0
Gain (loss) recognized on derivative (amount excluded from effectiveness testing)	$ 0.3	$ 0.3	$ 0.4	$ 0.4
Derivative Instrument, Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income, Effective Portion, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Cost of Revenue	Cost of Revenue	Cost of Revenue	Cost of Revenue
Interest rate swap contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives	$ 8.6	$ 0.6	$ 19.0	$ 2.3
Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income	$ 2.4	$ (1.3)	$ 3.4	$ (2.6)
Derivative Instrument, Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income, Effective Portion, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Interest And Foreign Exchange Net	Interest And Foreign Exchange Net	Interest And Foreign Exchange Net	Interest And Foreign Exchange Net

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Derivative Instruments - Effects of Cash Flow Hedges Included in Statements of Income (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 1,122.0	$ 682.8	$ 1,888.5	$ 1,233.5
Cost of revenue	1,005.2	628.0	1,702.2	1,131.1
Interest and foreign exchange	21.6	11.8	41.2	24.4
Sales
Derivative [Line Items]
Amount of gain (loss) on cash flow hedge activity	(0.5)	(0.2)	(0.9)	(0.4)
Cost of Sales
Derivative [Line Items]
Amount of gain (loss) on cash flow hedge activity	0.4		0.6
Interest and Foreign Exchange
Derivative [Line Items]
Amount of gain (loss) on cash flow hedge activity	$ 2.4	$ (1.3)	$ 3.4	$ (2.6)

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Segment Information - Additional Information (Detail)	6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023 Segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	3

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Segment Information - Segments Internal Financial Reports (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Aug. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 1,122.0	$ 682.8	$ 1,888.5	$ 1,233.5
Earnings (loss) from operations	67.4	25.2	62.6	37.0
Assets	3,952.5		3,952.5		$ 3,851.5
Manufacturing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	968.6	555.7	1,615.1	1,008.2
Maintenance Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	98.0	86.6	183.5	159.0
Leasing & Management Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	55.4	40.5	89.9	66.3
Corporate, Non-Segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Earnings (loss) from operations	(26.7)	(27.1)	(49.2)	(43.7)
Intersegment Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	(103.5)	(8.3)	(156.7)	(50.7)
Earnings (loss) from operations	(8.9)		(12.9)	(0.3)
Intersegment Eliminations | Manufacturing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	96.8	1.8	141.3	41.2
Earnings (loss) from operations	8.8		12.8	0.3
Intersegment Eliminations | Maintenance Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	6.2	6.1	14.7	8.8
Intersegment Eliminations | Leasing & Management Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	0.5	0.4	0.7	0.7
Earnings (loss) from operations	0.1		0.1
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Earnings (loss) from operations				37.0
Operating Segments | Manufacturing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	1,065.4	557.5	1,756.4	1,049.4
Earnings (loss) from operations	55.4	1.8	56.0	14.4
Assets	1,923.0		1,923.0		1,853.9
Operating Segments | Maintenance Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	104.2	92.7	198.2	167.8
Earnings (loss) from operations	6.8	2.9	12.3	1.8
Assets	313.9		313.9		284.8
Operating Segments | Leasing & Management Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	55.9	40.9	90.6	67.0
Earnings (loss) from operations	40.8	47.6	56.4	64.8
Assets	1,267.2		1,267.2		1,152.2
Operating Segments | Unallocated, including cash
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Assets	448.4		448.4		$ 560.6
Reconciling Items | Manufacturing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Earnings (loss) from operations	46.6	1.8	43.2	14.1
Reconciling Items | Maintenance Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Earnings (loss) from operations	6.8	2.9	12.3	1.8
Reconciling Items | Leasing & Management Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Earnings (loss) from operations	$ 40.7	$ 47.6	$ 56.3	$ 64.8

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Segment Information - Reconciliation of Earnings from Operations to Earnings Before Income Tax and Earnings from Unconsolidated Affiliates (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Earnings from operations	$ 67.4	$ 25.2	$ 62.6	$ 37.0
Interest and foreign exchange	21.6	11.8	41.2	24.4
Earnings before income tax and earnings from unconsolidated affiliates	$ 45.8	$ 13.4	$ 21.4	$ 12.6

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Leases - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Aug. 31, 2022
Lessor and Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Finance lease option to extend			options to extend up to 15 years
Car Hire Utilization Arrangements
Lessor and Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease rental revenues	$ 4.9	$ 3.9	$ 9.7	$ 8.5
Leasing & Management Services
Lessor and Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease rental revenues	$ 23.8	$ 16.3	$ 43.4	$ 31.3
Operating Lease, Lease Income, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax
Minimum
Lessor and Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Sublease period			1 year
Financing lease remaining lease term			1 year
Maximum
Lessor and Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Sublease period			13 years
Financing lease remaining lease term			76 years
Equipment on Operating Lease
Lessor and Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Accumulated depreciation	$ 55.2		$ 55.2		$ 48.6
Depreciation expense	$ 6.8	$ 5.4	$ 12.8	$ 10.5

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Leases - Aggregate Minimum Future Amounts Receivable Under All Non-Cancelable Operating Leases and Subleases (Detail) $ in Millions	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Remaining nine months of 2023	$ 33.6
2024	58.4
2025	50.4
2026	44.0
2027	38.4
Thereafter	77.7
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Receivable, Total	$ 302.5

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Leases - Components of Operating Lease Costs (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 3.1	$ 2.5	$ 6.4	$ 5.2
Short-term lease expense	2.6	1.4	4.4	2.7
Total	$ 5.7	$ 3.9	$ 10.8	$ 7.9

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Leases - Aggregate Minimum Future Amounts Payable Under Operating Leases (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Feb. 28, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Remaining nine months of 2023	$ 6.6
2024	11.5
2025	8.7
2026	7.5
2027	4.7
Thereafter	17.7
Total lease payments	56.7
Less: Imputed interest	(4.7)
Operating Lease, Liability	$ 52.0	$ 56.4
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

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Leases - Additional Information Related to Company's Leases (Detail)	Feb. 28, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	11 years 2 months 12 days
Weighted average discount rate	2.20%

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Leases - Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases (Detail) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($)
Cash Flow, Operating Activities, Lessee [Abstract]
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 6.7
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 1.1

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Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)		204 Months Ended
	Jan. 06, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Feb. 28, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Remedial investigation and feasibility study		$ 110,000,000
Performance Guarantee
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Letter of credit facility outstanding amount			$ 5,500,000
Portland Harbor Superfund Site
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Estimated undiscounted cost	$ 1,700,000,000
Period for remedial action	13 years
Period for monitoring	30 years
Portland Harbor Superfund Site | Minimum
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Accuracy of cost estimate	(30.00%)
Portland Harbor Superfund Site | Maximum
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Accuracy of cost estimate	50.00%

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Fair Value Measures - Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions		Feb. 28, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Assets:
Nonqualified savings plan investments		$ 45.1	$ 40.3
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Assets:
Derivative financial instruments		37.9	21.4
Nonqualified savings plan investments		45.1	40.3
Cash equivalents		60.3	119.4
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total		143.3	181.1
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments		0.4	3.0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Assets:
Nonqualified savings plan investments		45.1	40.3
Cash equivalents		60.3	119.4
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total		105.4	159.7
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Assets:
Derivative financial instruments	[1]	37.9	21.4
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total	[1]	37.9	21.4
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments	[1]	$ 0.4	$ 3.0

[1] Level 2 assets and liabilities include derivative financial instruments that are valued based on observable inputs. See Note 12 - Derivative Instruments for further discussion.

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Related Party Transactions - Additional Information (Detail) - Axis LLC - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership in entity	41.90%		41.90%
Railcar Components
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Purchases of goods from related party	$ 1.8	$ 3.3	$ 4.5	$ 6.1