10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020  

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from          to

Commission File Number: 1-13232 (Apartment Investment and Management Company)

Commission File Number: 0-24497 (AIMCO Properties, L.P.)

Apartment Investment and Management Company

AIMCO Properties, L.P.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland (Apartment Investment and Management Company)	84-1259577
Delaware (AIMCO Properties, L.P.)	84-1275621
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)
4582 South Ulster Street, Suite 1700
Denver, Colorado	80237
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(303) 757-8101

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Class A Common Stock (Aimco Investment and Management Company)	AIV	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Apartment Investment and Management Company:  Yes  ☒    No  ☐ AIMCO Properties, L.P.:  Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Apartment Investment and Management Company:  Yes  ☒    No  ☐ AIMCO Properties, L.P.:  Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Apartment Investment and Management Company:

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

AIMCO Properties, L.P.:

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Apartment Investment and Management Company: ☐ AIMCO Properties, L.P.: ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Apartment Investment and Management Company:  Yes  ☐    No  ☒ AIMCO Properties, L.P.:  Yes    ☐    No  ☒

The number of shares of Apartment Investment and Management Company Class A Common Stock outstanding as of May 6, 2020: 148,864,145

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This filing combines the reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020, of Apartment Investment and Management Company, or Aimco, and AIMCO Properties, L.P., or the Aimco Operating Partnership. Where it is important to distinguish between the two entities, we refer to them specifically. Otherwise, references to “we,” “us,” or “our” mean, collectively, Aimco, the Aimco Operating Partnership, and their consolidated entities.

Aimco, a Maryland corporation, is a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT. Aimco, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, is the general and special limited partner of the Aimco Operating Partnership. As of March 31, 2020, Aimco owned approximately 93.4% of the legal interest in the common partnership units of the Aimco Operating Partnership and 94.8% of the economic interest in the Aimco Operating Partnership. The remaining 6.6% legal interest and 5.2% economic interest is owned by limited partners. As the sole general partner of the Aimco Operating Partnership, Aimco has exclusive control of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s day-to-day management.

The Aimco Operating Partnership holds all of Aimco’s assets and manages the daily operations of Aimco’s business. Pursuant to the Aimco Operating Partnership agreement, Aimco is required to contribute to the Aimco Operating Partnership all proceeds from the offerings of its securities. In exchange for the contribution of such proceeds, Aimco receives additional interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership with similar terms (e.g., if Aimco contributes proceeds of a stock offering, Aimco receives partnership units with terms substantially similar to the stock issued by Aimco).

We believe combining the periodic reports of Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership into this single report provides the following benefits:

• We present our business as a whole, in the same manner our management views and operates the business;

• We eliminate duplicative disclosure and provide a more streamlined and readable presentation because a substantial portion of the disclosures apply to both Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership; and

• We save time and cost through the preparation of a single combined report rather than two separate reports.

We operate Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership as one enterprise, the management of Aimco directs the management and operations of the Aimco Operating Partnership, and the members of the Board of Directors of Aimco are identical to those of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s general partner.

We believe it is important to understand the few differences between Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership in the context of how Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership operate as a consolidated company. Aimco has no assets or liabilities other than its investment in the Aimco Operating Partnership. Also, Aimco is a corporation that issues publicly traded equity from time to time, whereas the Aimco Operating Partnership is a partnership that has no publicly traded equity. Except for the net proceeds from stock offerings by Aimco, which are contributed to the Aimco Operating Partnership in exchange for additional limited partnership interests (of a similar type and in an amount equal to the shares of stock sold in the offering), the Aimco Operating Partnership generates all remaining capital required by its business. These sources include the Aimco Operating Partnership’s working capital, net cash provided by operating activities, borrowings under its revolving credit facility, the issuance of debt and equity securities, including additional partnership units, and proceeds received from the sale of apartment communities.

Equity, partners’ capital, and noncontrolling interests are the main areas of difference between the condensed consolidated financial statements of Aimco and those of the Aimco Operating Partnership. Interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership held by entities other than Aimco, which we refer to as OP Units, are classified within partners’ capital in the Aimco Operating Partnership’s financial statements and as noncontrolling interests in Aimco’s financial statements.

To help investors understand the differences between Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership, this report provides: separate condensed consolidated financial statements for Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership; a single set of condensed consolidated notes to such financial statements that includes separate discussions of each entity’s earnings per share or earnings per unit, as applicable; and a combined Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section that includes discrete information related to each entity, where appropriate.

This report also includes separate Part I, Item 4. Controls and Procedures sections and separate Exhibits 31 and 32 certifications for Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership in order to establish that the requisite certifications have been made and that Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership are both compliant with Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and 18 U.S.C. §1350.

1

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORM 10-Q

		Page
	PART I.     FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
	Apartment Investment and Management Company:
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	7
	AIMCO Properties, L.P.:
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	8
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)	9
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)	10
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Partners’ Capital (Unaudited)	11
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	12
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Apartment Investment and Management Company and AIMCO Properties, L.P. (Unaudited)	13
ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	21
ITEM 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	40
ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	40
	PART II.     OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	41
ITEM 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	41
ITEM 6.	EXHIBITS	43
Signatures		44

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Buildings and improvements	$	6,967,143		$	6,868,543
Land		1,869,465			1,869,048
Total real estate		8,836,608			8,737,591
Accumulated depreciation		(2,810,949	)		(2,718,284	)
Net real estate		6,025,659			6,019,307
Cash and cash equivalents		340,883			142,902
Restricted cash		33,933			34,800
Mezzanine investment		286,472			280,258
Other assets		361,298			351,472
Total assets	$	7,048,245		$	6,828,739
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Non-recourse property debt, net	$	4,208,687		$	4,230,590
Revolving credit facility borrowings		593,845			275,000
Total indebtedness		4,802,532			4,505,590
Accrued liabilities and other		349,099			360,574
Total liabilities		5,151,631			4,866,164
Redeemable preferred OP Units		96,449			97,064
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnership		4,617			4,716
Commitments and contingencies (Note 4)
Equity:
Common Stock, $0.01 par value, 510,587,500 shares authorized,          148,700,407 and 148,885,197 shares issued/outstanding at March 31, 2020          and December 31, 2019, respectively		1,487			1,489
Additional paid-in capital		3,488,611			3,497,367
Accumulated other comprehensive income		4,139			4,195
Distributions in excess of earnings		(1,776,782	)		(1,722,402	)
Total Aimco equity		1,717,455			1,780,649
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		(3,409	)		(3,296	)
Common noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership		81,502			83,442
Total equity		1,795,548			1,860,795
Total liabilities and equity	$	7,048,245		$	6,828,739

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
REVENUES
Rental and other property revenues	$	224,552		$	230,235
OPERATING EXPENSES
Property operating expenses		75,480			78,959
Depreciation and amortization		100,476			93,565
General and administrative expenses		10,108			9,829
Investment management expenses		1,184			1,332
Other expenses, net		1,642			5,136
Total operating expenses		188,890			188,821
Interest income		4,523			2,726
Interest expense		(41,336	)		(41,409	)
(Loss) gain on dispositions of real estate		(34	)		291,473
Mezzanine investment income, net		6,747			—
Income from unconsolidated real estate partnerships		182			72
Income before income tax benefit (expense)		5,744			294,276
Income tax benefit (expense)		3,233			(2,981	)
Net income		8,977			291,295
Noncontrolling interests:
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated          real estate partnerships		(18	)		(91	)
Net income attributable to preferred noncontrolling interests in Aimco          Operating Partnership		(1,869	)		(1,934	)
Net income attributable to common noncontrolling interests in Aimco          Operating Partnership		(368	)		(15,137	)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(2,255	)		(17,162	)
Net income attributable to Aimco		6,722			274,133
Net income attributable to Aimco preferred stockholders		—			(2,148	)
Net income attributable to participating securities		(43	)		(417	)
Net income attributable to Aimco common stockholders	$	6,679		$	271,568
Net income attributable to Aimco per common share – basic and diluted	$	0.04		$	1.88
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic		148,518			144,232
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted		148,786			144,445

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Net income	$	8,977		$	291,295
Unrealized (losses) gains on available for sale debt securities		(60	)		61
Comprehensive income		8,917			291,356
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(2,251	)		(17,166	)
Comprehensive income attributable to Aimco	$	6,666		$	274,190

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock									Accumulated									Noncontrolling Interests in			Common Noncontrolling Interests in
	Shares Issued		Amount		Shares Issued			Amount			Additional Paid- in Capital			Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Distributions in Excess of Earnings			Total Aimco Equity			Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships			Aimco Operating Partnership			Total Equity
Balances at December 31, 2018		5,000	$	125,000		144,623		$	1,446		$	3,515,686		$	4,794		$	(1,947,507	)	$	1,699,419		$	(2,967	)	$	67,189		$	1,763,641
Repurchases of Common Stock		—		—		(461	)		(5	)		(20,677	)		—			—			(20,682	)		—			—			(20,682	)
Redemption of Aimco Operating Partnership units		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(2,557	)		(2,557	)
Amortization of share-based compensation cost		—		—		22			—			2,442			—			—			2,442			—			796			3,238
Effect of changes in ownership for consolidated entities		—		—		—			—			(2,168	)		—			—			(2,168	)		—			2,168			—
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income		—		—		—			—			—			57			—			57			—			4			61
Net income		—		—		—			—			—			—			274,133			274,133			91			15,137			289,361
Common Stock dividends		—		—		—			—			—			—			(67,476	)		(67,476	)		—			—			(67,476	)
Common Stock issued to Common Stockholders in special dividend		—		—		4,492			45			(45	)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Preferred Stock dividends		—		—		—			—			—			—			(2,148	)		(2,148	)		—			—			(2,148	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(3,244	)		(3,244	)
Other, net		—		—		82			2			57			—			—			59			19			—			78
Balances at March 31, 2019		5,000	$	125,000		148,758		$	1,488		$	3,495,295		$	4,851		$	(1,742,998	)	$	1,883,636		$	(2,857	)	$	79,493		$	1,960,272
Balances at December 31, 2019		—	$	—		148,885		$	1,489		$	3,497,367		$	4,195		$	(1,722,402	)	$	1,780,649		$	(3,296	)	$	83,442		$	1,860,795
Repurchases of Common Stock		—		—		(234	)		(2	)		(10,002	)		—			—			(10,004	)		—			—			(10,004	)
Redemption of Aimco Operating Partnership units		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(969	)		(969	)
Amortization of share-based compensation cost		—		—		20			—			1,929			—			—			1,929			—			1,051			2,980
Effect of changes in ownership of consolidated entities		—		—		—			—			(769	)		—			—			(769	)		—			769			—
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle		—		—		—			—			—			—			(277	)		(277	)		—			—			(277	)
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income		—		—		—			—			—			(56	)		—			(56	)		—			(4	)		(60	)
Net income		—		—		—			—			—			—			6,722			6,722			118			368			7,208
Common Stock dividends		—		—		—			—			—			—			(60,825	)		(60,825	)		—			—			(60,825	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			(73	)		(3,155	)		(3,228	)
Other, net		—		—		29			—			86			—			—			86			(158	)		—			(72	)
Balances at March 31, 2020		—	$	—		148,700		$	1,487		$	3,488,611		$	4,139		$	(1,776,782	)	$	1,717,455		$	(3,409	)	$	81,502		$	1,795,548

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	8,977		$	291,295
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		100,476			93,565
Loss (gain) on dispositions of real estate		34			(291,473	)
Income tax (benefit) expense		(3,233	)		2,981
Other adjustments		3,157			3,201
Net changes in operating assets and operating liabilities		(31,995	)		(17,952	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		77,416			81,617
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of real estate and deposits related to purchases of real estate		(2,733	)		(2,236	)
Capital expenditures		(94,842	)		(85,546	)
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate		—			342,083
Purchases of corporate assets		(5,104	)		(3,319	)
Other investing activities		4,665			1,422
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(98,014	)		252,404
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Principal repayments on non-recourse property debt		(22,622	)		(19,580	)
Net borrowings on (repayments of) revolving credit facility		318,845			(90,360	)
Repurchases of Common Stock		(10,004	)		(20,682	)
Payment of dividends to holders of Preferred Stock		—			(2,148	)
Payment of dividends to holders of Common Stock		(61,116	)		(67,405	)
Payment of distributions to noncontrolling interests		(5,442	)		(5,701	)
Redemptions of noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership		(1,584	)		(2,653	)
Other financing activities		(365	)		302
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		217,712			(208,227	)
NET INCREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH		197,114			125,794
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD		177,702			72,595
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD	$	374,816		$	198,389

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Buildings and improvements	$	6,967,143		$	6,868,543
Land		1,869,465			1,869,048
Total real estate		8,836,608			8,737,591
Accumulated depreciation		(2,810,949	)		(2,718,284	)
Net real estate		6,025,659			6,019,307
Cash and cash equivalents		340,883			142,902
Restricted cash		33,933			34,800
Mezzanine investment		286,472			280,258
Other assets		361,298			351,472
Total assets	$	7,048,245		$	6,828,739
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Non-recourse property debt, net	$	4,208,687		$	4,230,590
Revolving credit facility borrowings		593,845			275,000
Total indebtedness		4,802,532			4,505,590
Accrued liabilities and other		349,099			360,574
Total liabilities		5,151,631			4,866,164
Redeemable preferred OP Units		96,449			97,064
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnership		4,617			4,716
Commitments and contingencies (Note 4)
Partners’ capital:
General Partner and Special Limited Partner		1,717,455			1,780,649
Limited Partners		81,502			83,442
Partners’ capital attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership		1,798,957			1,864,091
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		(3,409	)		(3,296	)
Total partners’ capital		1,795,548			1,860,795
Total liabilities and partners’ capital	$	7,048,245		$	6,828,739

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per unit data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
REVENUES
Rental and other property revenues	$	224,552		$	230,235
OPERATING EXPENSES
Property operating expenses		75,480			78,959
Depreciation and amortization		100,476			93,565
General and administrative expenses		10,108			9,829
Investment management expenses		1,184			1,332
Other expenses, net		1,642			5,136
Total operating expenses		188,890			188,821
Interest income		4,523			2,726
Interest expense		(41,336	)		(41,409	)
(Loss) gain on dispositions of real estate		(34	)		291,473
Mezzanine investment income, net		6,747			—
Income from unconsolidated real estate partnerships		182			72
Income before income tax benefit (expense)		5,744			294,276
Income tax benefit (expense)		3,233			(2,981	)
Net income		8,977			291,295
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated real          estate partnerships		(18	)		(91	)
Net income attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership		8,959			291,204
Net income attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership’s preferred          unitholders		(1,869	)		(4,082	)
Net income attributable to participating securities		(43	)		(483	)
Net income attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership’s common       unitholders	$	7,047		$	286,639
Net income attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership per       common unit – basic and diluted	$	0.04		$	1.88
Weighted-average common units outstanding – basic		156,660			152,303
Weighted-average common units outstanding – diluted		157,003			152,632

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Net income	$	8,977		$	291,295
Unrealized (losses) gains on available for sale debt securities		(60	)		61
Comprehensive income		8,917			291,356
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(18	)		(91	)
Comprehensive income attributable to the Aimco Operating      Partnership	$	8,899		$	291,265

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

10

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF PARTNERS’ CAPITAL

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Units		General Partner and Special Limited Partner			Limited Partners			Partners’ Capital Attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership			Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships			Total Partners’ Capital
Balances at December 31, 2018	$	125,000	$	1,574,419		$	67,189		$	1,766,608		$	(2,967	)	$	1,763,641
Repurchases of common partnership units		—		(20,682	)		—			(20,682	)		—			(20,682	)
Redemption of Aimco Operating Partnership units		—		—			(2,557	)		(2,557	)		—			(2,557	)
Amortization of share-based compensation cost		—		2,442			796			3,238			—			3,238
Effect of changes in ownership of consolidated entities		—		(2,168	)		2,168			—			—			—
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income		—		57			4			61			—			61
Net income		—		274,133			15,137			289,270			91			289,361
Distributions to common unitholders		—		(67,476	)		(3,244	)		(70,720	)		—			(70,720	)
Distributions to preferred unitholders		—		(2,148	)		—			(2,148	)		—			(2,148	)
Other, net		—		59			—			59			19			78
Balances at March 31, 2019	$	125,000	$	1,758,636		$	79,493		$	1,963,129		$	(2,857	)	$	1,960,272
Balances at December 31, 2019	$	—	$	1,780,649		$	83,442		$	1,864,091		$	(3,296	)	$	1,860,795
Repurchases of common partnership units		—		(10,004	)		—			(10,004	)		—			(10,004	)
Redemption of Aimco Operating Partnership units		—		—			(969	)		(969	)		—			(969	)
Amortization of share-based compensation cost		—		1,929			1,051			2,980			—			2,980
Effect of changes in ownership of consolidated entities		—		(769	)		769			—			—			—
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle		—		(277	)		—			(277	)		—			(277	)
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income		—		(56	)		(4	)		(60	)		—			(60	)
Net income		—		6,722			368			7,090			118			7,208
Distributions to common unitholders		—		(60,825	)		(3,155	)		(63,980	)		—			(63,980	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		—		—			—			—			(73	)		(73	)
Other, net		—		86			—			86			(158	)		(72	)
Balances at March 31, 2020	$	—	$	1,717,455		$	81,502		$	1,798,957		$	(3,409	)	$	1,795,548

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	8,977		$	291,295
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		100,476			93,565
Loss (gain) on dispositions of real estate		34			(291,473	)
Income tax (benefit) expense		(3,233	)		2,981
Other adjustments		3,157			3,201
Net changes in operating assets and operating liabilities		(31,995	)		(17,952	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		77,416			81,617
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of real estate and deposits related to purchases of real estate		(2,733	)		(2,236	)
Capital expenditures		(94,842	)		(85,546	)
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate		—			342,083
Purchases of corporate assets		(5,104	)		(3,319	)
Other investing activities		4,665			1,422
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(98,014	)		252,404
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Principal repayments on non-recourse property debt		(22,622	)		(19,580	)
Net borrowings on (repayments of) revolving credit facility		318,845			(90,360	)
Repurchases of common partnership units held by General Partner and Special    Limited Partner		(10,004	)		(20,682	)
Payment of distributions to General Partner and Special Limited Partner		(61,116	)		(67,405	)
Payment of distributions to Limited Partners		(3,492	)		(3,767	)
Payment of distributions to preferred OP Units		(1,869	)		(4,082	)
Payment of distributions to noncontrolling interests		(81	)		—
Redemption of common and preferred OP Units		(1,584	)		(2,653	)
Other financing activities		(365	)		302
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		217,712			(208,227	)
NET INCREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH		197,114			125,794
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD		177,702			72,595
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD	$	374,816		$	198,389

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2020

(Unaudited)

Note 1 — Organization

Apartment Investment and Management Company, or Aimco, is a Maryland corporation incorporated on January 10, 1994. Aimco is a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT. AIMCO Properties, L.P., or the Aimco Operating Partnership, is a Delaware limited partnership formed on May 16, 1994, to conduct our business, which is focused on the ownership, management, redevelopment, and some development of quality apartment communities located in several of the largest markets in the United States.

Aimco, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, AIMCO-GP, Inc. and AIMCO-LP Trust, holds a majority of the ownership interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership. Aimco conducts all of its business and owns all of its assets through the Aimco Operating Partnership. Interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by limited partners other than Aimco are referred to as OP Units. OP Units include common partnership units, which we refer to as common OP Units, as well as preferred partnership units, which we refer to as preferred OP Units. As of March 31, 2020, after elimination of units held by consolidated subsidiaries, the Aimco Operating Partnership had 159,196,780 common OP Units outstanding. As of March 31, 2020, Aimco owned 148,700,407 of the common OP Units of the Aimco Operating Partnership and Aimco had an equal number of shares of its Class A Common Stock outstanding, which we refer to as Common Stock. Aimco’s ownership of the total common OP units outstanding represents a 93.4% legal interest in the Aimco Operating Partnership and a 94.8% economic interest.

Except as the context otherwise requires, “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Aimco, the Aimco Operating Partnership, and their consolidated subsidiaries, collectively.

We own and operate a portfolio of apartment communities, diversified by both geography and price point, in 17 states and the District of Columbia. As of March 31, 2020, our portfolio included 124 apartment communities with 32,846 apartment homes in which we held an average ownership of approximately 99%. We consolidated 120 of these apartment communities with 32,704 apartment homes.

Note 2 — Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations, although management believes the disclosures are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2020, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020.

The condensed consolidated balance sheets of Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership at December 31, 2019, have been derived from their respective audited financial statements at that date, but do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the financial statements and notes thereto included in Aimco’s and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s combined Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Except where indicated, the footnotes refer to both Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership.

Principles of Consolidation

Aimco’s accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aimco, the Aimco Operating Partnership, and their consolidated subsidiaries. The Aimco Operating Partnership’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Aimco Operating Partnership and its consolidated subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

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We consolidate a variable interest entity, or VIE, in which we are considered the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the entity that has (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, Aimco consolidated six VIEs, in addition to the Aimco Operating Partnership.

As used herein, and except where the context otherwise requires, “partnership” refers to a limited partnership or a limited liability company and “partner” refers to a partner in a limited partnership or a member of a limited liability company. Interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by limited partners other than Aimco are reflected in Aimco’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership. Interests in partnerships consolidated by the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by third parties are reflected in our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships.

We have an interest in a partnership that owns Parkmerced Apartments, which meets the definition of a VIE. However, we are not the primary beneficiary and do not consolidate this partnership. We loaned $275 million to the partnership, which accrues interest at 10% per annum with a five-year term and the right to extend for a second five-year term. Our investment balance of $286.5 million, reflected in mezzanine investment in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, primarily consists of notes receivable and represents our maximum exposure to loss in this VIE.

Redeemable Preferred OP Units

As described in Note 5, the preferred OP Units may be redeemed at the holder’s option and are therefore presented within temporary equity in Aimco’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and within temporary capital in the Aimco Operating Partnership’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents a reconciliation of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s preferred OP Units from December 31, 2019, to March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

	2020
Balance at December 31	$	97,064
Preferred distributions		(1,869	)
Redemption of preferred units		(615	)
Net income		1,869
Balance at March 31	$	96,449

The Aimco Operating Partnership has outstanding various classes of redeemable preferred OP Units. As of March 31, 2020, the Aimco Operating Partnership had 3,618,802 redeemable preferred OP Units issued and outstanding with a total redemption value of $96.4 million. Distributions per annum range from 1.92% to 8.75% per class and from $0.48 to $8.00 per unit.

Revenue from Leases

The majority of lease payments we receive from our residents and tenants are fixed. We receive variable payments from our residents and commercial tenants primarily for utility reimbursements. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, our total lease income was comprised of the following amounts for all operating leases (in thousands):

	2020		2019
Fixed lease income	$	213,416	$	215,581
Variable lease income		13,615		14,144
Total lease income	$	227,031	$	229,725

We monitor the collectability of unpaid rent obligations and due to the impact of COVID-19 and the resulting economic impact on our commercial tenants, we recognized a write-off of straight-line rent receivables and deferred leasing costs of $2.9 million and $2.2 million, respectively. The write-off of the straight-line rent receivables is not included in the fixed lease income in the table above.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts included in the financial statements and accompanying notes thereto. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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Reclassifications and Revisions

For the 2020 presentation of our condensed consolidated statements of operations, we have added a caption for investment management expenses. We have reclassified certain items from property operating expenses, general and administrative expenses, and other expenses, net, in our 2019 presentation to conform to the current presentation.

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in the Current Year

On January 1, 2020, we adopted ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, which changes the method and timing of the recognition of credit losses on financial assets. The standard requires us to estimate and record credit losses over the life of a financial instrument, including receivables, at its inception. Our notes receivable and investments in available for sale, or AFS, debt securities are subject to the new standard. For AFS debt securities, the new standard requires us to estimate a credit loss if the fair value of the instruments is less than the carrying value of the instruments.

We adopted the credit loss standard using the modified-retrospective approach. We recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment for the estimated credit loss associated with our notes receivable of $0.3 million in distributions in excess of earnings and partners’ capital in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of January 1, 2020. As of the date of adoption, the fair value of our AFS debt securities exceeded their carrying value and no estimate of credit loss was required for these instruments.

Note 3 — Significant Transactions

Financing Activity

On April 20, 2020, we secured a $350.0 million term loan. The loan matures on April 20, 2021, includes a one-year extension option, and currently bears interest at a 30-day LIBOR plus 1.85%, with a 50-basis point LIBOR floor. Proceeds from the loan were used primarily to repay borrowings on our revolving credit facility.

Dispositions of Apartment Communities

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, no apartment communities were sold. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 we sold apartment communities as summarized below (dollars in thousands):

	2019
Number of apartment communities sold		7
Number of apartment homes sold		2,206
Gain on dispositions of real estate	$	291,473

The apartment communities sold were predominantly located outside of our primary markets or in lower-rated locations within our primary markets and had average revenues per apartment home significantly below those of our retained portfolio.

From time to time we may be marketing for sale certain apartment communities that are inconsistent with our long-term investment strategy. At the end of each reporting period we evaluate whether such communities meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale. As of March 31, 2020, no apartment communities were classified as held for sale.

Note 4 — Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

In connection with our redevelopment, development and other capital additions activities, we have entered into various construction-related contracts and we have made commitments to complete redevelopment and development of certain apartment communities, pursuant to financing or other arrangements. As of March 31, 2020, our commitments related to these capital activities totaled approximately $219.0 million, most of which we expect to incur during the next 12 months.

We enter into certain commitments for future purchases of goods and services in connection with the operations of our apartment communities. Those commitments generally have terms of one year or less and reflect expenditure levels comparable to our historical expenditures.

Legal Matters

In addition to the matters described below, we are a party to various legal actions and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which are covered by our general liability insurance program, and none of which we expect to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

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Environmental

Various federal, state and local laws subject apartment community owners or operators to liability for management, and the costs of removal or remediation, of certain potentially hazardous materials that may be present in the land or buildings of an apartment community. Such laws often impose liability without regard to fault or whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such materials. The presence of, or the failure to manage or remediate properly, these materials may adversely affect occupancy at such apartment communities as well as the ability to sell or finance such apartment communities. In addition, governmental agencies may bring claims for costs associated with investigation and remediation actions. Moreover, private plaintiffs may potentially make claims for investigation and remediation costs they incur or for personal injury, disease, disability or other infirmities related to the alleged presence of hazardous materials. In addition to potential environmental liabilities or costs associated with our current apartment communities, we may also be responsible for such liabilities or costs associated with communities we acquire or manage in the future, or apartment communities we no longer own or operate.

We are engaged in discussions with the Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, regarding contaminated groundwater near an Indiana apartment community that has not been owned by us since 2008. The contamination allegedly derives from a dry cleaner that operated on our former property, prior to our ownership. We undertook a voluntary remediation of the dry cleaner contamination under state oversight. In 2016, EPA listed our former community and a number of residential communities in the vicinity on the National Priorities List, or NPL (i.e., as a Superfund site). In May 2018, we prevailed on our federal judicial appeal vacating the Superfund listing. We continue to work with EPA to formulate a scope of work and agreed order to finish clean up of the site outside the Superfund program. Although the outcome of these processes are uncertain, we do not expect their resolution to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We also have a contingent environmental liability related to a property in Lake Tahoe, California. An entity owned by us was the former general partner of a now-dissolved partnership that previously owned a site where a laundromat, with a self-service dry-cleaning machine, operated. That entity and the current property owner have been remediating the site since 2009, under the oversight of the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board, or Lahontan. In May 2017, Lahontan issued a final cleanup and abatement order that names four potentially-responsible parties, acknowledges that there may be additional responsible parties, and requires the named parties to perform additional groundwater investigation and corrective actions with respect to onsite and offsite contamination. We are appealing the final order while simultaneously complying with it. Although the outcome of this process is uncertain, we do not expect its resolution to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We have determined that our legal obligations to remove or remediate certain potentially hazardous materials may be conditional asset retirement obligations, as defined by GAAP. Except in limited circumstances where the asset retirement activities are expected to be performed in connection with a planned construction project or apartment community casualty, we believe that the fair value of our asset retirement obligations cannot be reasonably estimated due to significant uncertainties in the timing and manner of settlement of those obligations. Asset retirement obligations that are reasonably estimable as of March 31, 2020, are immaterial to our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Note 5 — Earnings and Dividends per Share and Unit

Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership calculate basic earnings per common share and basic earnings per common unit based on the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock and common partnership units outstanding. We calculate diluted earnings per share and diluted earnings per unit taking into consideration dilutive common stock and common partnership unit equivalents and dilutive convertible securities outstanding during the period.

Our common stock and common partnership unit equivalents include options to purchase shares of Common Stock, which, if exercised, would result in Aimco’s issuance of additional shares and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s issuance to Aimco of additional common partnership units equal to the number of shares purchased under the options. These equivalents also include unvested total shareholder return, or TSR, restricted stock awards that do not meet the definition of participating securities, which would result in an increase in the number of shares of Common Stock and common partnership units outstanding equal to the number of shares that vest. Common partnership unit equivalents also include unvested long-term incentive partnership units. We include in the denominator securities with dilutive effect in calculating diluted earnings per share and per unit during these periods.

Our restricted stock awards that are subject to time-based vesting receive non-forfeitable dividends similar to shares of Common Stock and common partnership units prior to vesting, and our TSR long-term incentive partnership units receive non-forfeitable distributions based on specified percentages of the distributions paid to common partnership units prior to vesting and conversion. The unvested restricted shares and units related to these awards are participating securities. We include the

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effect of participating securities in basic and diluted earnings per share and unit computations using the two-class method of allocating distributed and undistributed earnings when the two-class method is more dilutive than the treasury stock method.

Reconciliations of the numerator and denominator in the calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share and per unit for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (in thousands, except per share and per unit data):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Earnings per share
Numerator:
Basic and dilutive net income attributable to Aimco common stockholders	$	6,679	$	271,568
Denominator - shares:
Basic weighted-average Common Stock outstanding		148,518		144,232
Dilutive share equivalents outstanding		268		213
Dilutive weighted-average Common Stock outstanding		148,786		144,445
Earnings per share – basic	$	0.04	$	1.88
Earnings per share – dilutive	$	0.04	$	1.88
Non-dilutive share equivalents outstanding		97		36
Earnings per unit
Numerator:
Basic and dilutive net income attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership's    common unitholders	$	7,047	$	286,639
Denominator - units
Basic weighted-average common partnership units outstanding		156,660		152,303
Dilutive partnership unit equivalents outstanding		343		329
Dilutive weighted-average common partnership units outstanding		157,003		152,632
Earnings per unit – basic	$	0.04	$	1.88
Earnings per unit – dilutive	$	0.04	$	1.88
Non-dilutive partnership unit equivalents outstanding		1,847		229

The Aimco Operating Partnership has various classes of preferred OP Units, which may be redeemed at the holders’ option. The Aimco Operating Partnership may redeem these units for cash, or at its option, shares of Common Stock. As of March 31, 2020, these preferred OP Units were potentially redeemable for approximately 2.7 million shares of Common Stock (based on the period end market price), or cash. The Aimco Operating Partnership has a redemption policy that requires cash settlement of redemption requests for the preferred OP Units, subject to limited exceptions. Accordingly, we have excluded these securities from earnings per share and unit computations for the periods presented above, and we expect to exclude them in future periods.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we paid $0.41 and $2.02, respectively, in dividends and distributions per share and per unit. The $2.02 paid during the three months ended March 31, 2019 represents the per share and per unit value of the special dividend and special distribution authorized by the Board of Directors in the first quarter of 2019. The special dividend consisted of $67.1 million in cash, 4.5 million shares of Common Stock and $0.4 million of cash paid in lieu of issuing fractional shares. The special distribution consisted of $72.7 million in cash, 4.8 million common partnership units and $0.4 million of cash paid in lieu of issuing fractional units.

In connection with the special dividend and distribution, the Board of Directors authorized a reverse stock split during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The reverse split combined every 1.03119 common shares and common partnership units into one common share or common partnership unit and was intended to neutralize the dilutive impact of the shares and units issued in the special dividend and distribution. As a result, the number of shares and units outstanding after the dividend/distribution and reverse split was unchanged from the number outstanding immediately prior to the two actions.

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Note 6 — Fair Value Measurements

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

We measure at fair value on a recurring basis our investments in the securitization trust that holds certain of our property debt, which we classify as AFS debt securities. These investments are presented within other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. We hold several positions in the securitization trust that pay interest currently and we also hold the first loss position in the securitization trust, which accrues interest over the term of the investment. These investments were acquired at a discount to face value and we are accreting the discount to the $100.9 million face value of the investments through interest income using the effective interest method over the remaining expected term of the investments, which as of March 31, 2020, was approximately 1.2 years. Our amortized cost basis for these investments, which represents the original cost adjusted for interest accretion less interest payments received, was $91.7 million and $90.0 million as of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Our investments in AFS debt securities are classified within Level 2 of the GAAP fair value hierarchy. We estimate the fair value of these investments using an income and market approach with primarily observable inputs, including yields and other information regarding similar types of investments, and adjusted for certain unobservable inputs specific to these investments. The fair value of the positions that pay interest currently typically moves in an inverse relationship with movements in interest rates. The fair value of the first loss position is primarily correlated to collateral quality and demand for similar subordinate commercial mortgage-backed securities.

The following table summarizes fair value for our AFS debt securities (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2020								As of December 31, 2019
	Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
AFS debt securities	$	95,906	$	—	$	95,906	$	—	$	94,251	$	—	$	94,251	$	—

Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements

We believe that the carrying value of the consolidated amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximated their fair value as of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, due to their relatively short-term nature and high probability of realization. The carrying amounts of notes receivable and the revolving credit facility approximated their estimated fair value as of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019. We estimate the fair value of our non-recourse property debt using an income and market approach, including comparison of the contractual terms to observable and unobservable inputs such as market interest rate risk spreads, contractual interest rates, remaining periods to maturity, collateral quality and loan to value ratios on similarly encumbered apartment communities within our portfolio. We classify the fair value of our non-recourse property debt within Level 2 of the GAAP valuation hierarchy based on the significance of certain of the unobservable inputs used to estimate its fair value.

The following table summarizes carrying value and fair value for our non-recourse property debt (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2020				As of December 31, 2019
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Non-recourse property debt	$	4,228,440	$	4,166,396	$	4,251,339	$	4,298,630

Note 7 — Business Segments

We have four segments: Same Store, Redevelopment and Development, Acquisition, and Other Real Estate.

Our Same Store segment includes communities that have reached a stabilized level of operations as of the beginning of a two-year comparable period and maintained it throughout the current and comparable prior year and are not expected to be sold within 12 months. Our Redevelopment and Development segment includes apartment communities that are currently under construction, and those that have been completed in recent years that have not achieved and maintained stabilized operations for both the current and comparable prior year. Our Acquisition segment includes communities that we have acquired since the beginning of a two-year comparable period. Our Other Real Estate segment primarily includes communities that are subject to limitations on rent increases, communities that we expect to sell within 12 months but do not yet meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale, communities that we expect to redevelop, and certain commercial spaces.

Our chief operating decision maker uses proportionate property net operating income to assess the operating performance of our communities. Proportionate property net operating income reflects our share of rental and other property revenues, excluding utility reimbursements, less direct property operating expenses, net of utility reimbursements, for consolidated

18

communities. In our condensed consolidated statements of operations, utility reimbursements are included in rental and other property revenues, in accordance with GAAP.

As of March 31, 2020, our Same Store segment included 95 consolidated apartment communities with 28,095 apartment homes; our Redevelopment and Development segment included six consolidated communities with 2,210 homes; our Acquisition segment included one consolidated community with 110 homes, and one consolidated community with 136 homes under construction; and our Other Real Estate segment included 18 communities with 2,289 homes and one office building.

The following tables present the rental and other property revenues, property operating expenses, proportionate property net operating income, and income before income tax benefit (expense) of our segments on a proportionate basis, excluding amounts related to sold communities and our proportionate share of four apartment communities with 142 apartment homes that we neither manage nor consolidate, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition		Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Three months ended March 31, 2020:
Rental and other property revenues	$	187,956	$	11,913	$	884	$	17,875	$	8,812	$	(2,888	)	$	224,552
Property operating expenses		48,782		4,687		401		6,174		8,175		7,261			75,480
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—		—		—		113,410			113,410
Total operating expenses		48,782		4,687		401		6,174		8,175		120,671			188,890
Proportionate property net operating    income (loss)		139,174		7,226		483		11,701		637		(123,559	)		35,662
Other items included in income before    income tax benefit (4)		—		—		—		—		—		(29,918	)		(29,918	)
Income before income tax benefit	$	139,174	$	7,226	$	483	$	11,701	$	637	$	(153,477	)	$	5,744

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition			Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Three months ended March 31, 2019:
Rental and other property revenues	$	181,523	$	14,012	$	—		$	14,113	$	8,292	$	12,295		$	230,235
Property operating expenses		48,990		5,255		127			4,991		7,733		11,863			78,959
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—			—		—		109,862			109,862
Total operating expenses		48,990		5,255		127			4,991		7,733		121,725			188,821
Proportionate property net operating    income (loss)		132,533		8,757		(127	)		9,122		559		(109,430	)		41,414
Other items included in income before    income tax expense (4)		—		—		—			—		—		252,862			252,862
Income before income tax expense	$	132,533	$	8,757	$	(127	)	$	9,122	$	559	$	143,432		$	294,276

(1) Represents adjustments for the noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships’ share of the results of consolidated communities in our segments, which are included in the related consolidated amounts, but excluded from proportionate property net operating income for our segment evaluation. Also includes the reclassification of utility reimbursements from revenues to property operating expenses for the purpose of evaluating segment results. Utility reimbursements are included in rental and other property revenues in our condensed consolidated statements of operations prepared in accordance with GAAP.

(2) Includes the operating results of apartment communities sold during the periods shown or held for sale at the end of the period, if any. Also includes property management expenses and casualty gains and losses, which are included in consolidated property operating expenses and are not part of our segment performance measure. Write-off of straight-line rent receivables, which was recognized due to the impact of COVID-19 and the resulting economic impact on our commercial tenants, is included in consolidated rental and other property revenues. The write-off of straight-line rent is not included in our measurement of segment performance.

(3) Includes depreciation and amortization, general and administrative expenses, and other operating expenses including provision for real estate impairment loss, which are not included in our measure of segment performance.

(4) Includes gain (loss) on dispositions of real estate, mezzanine investment income, interest income, and interest expense.

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The assets of our segments and the consolidated assets not allocated to our segments were as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Same Store	$	4,643,371	$	4,679,211
Redevelopment and Development		731,811		694,188
Acquisition		102,217		89,405
Other Real Estate		733,138		736,934
Corporate and other assets (1)		837,708		629,001
Total consolidated assets	$	7,048,245	$	6,828,739

(1) Includes the assets not allocated to our segments, primarily corporate assets and assets of sold apartment communities.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, capital additions related to our segments were as follows (in thousands):

	2020		2019
Same Store	$	27,526	$	35,379
Redevelopment and Development		44,596		36,458
Acquisition		15,343		76
Other Real Estate		6,419		3,477
Total capital additions	$	93,884	$	75,390

Note 8 – Subsequent Events

In December 2019, COVID-19 was first identified during an investigation into an outbreak in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted global economic activity and caused significant volatility and negative pressure in financial markets. Many states and local jurisdictions have reacted by instituting a wide variety of measures including states of emergency, mandatory quarantines, required business and school closures, implementing “shelter in place” orders, and restricting travel. In addition, many cities and states have enacted, or are considering enacting, protections for residents and commercial tenants, including government mandated rent delays, other abatement measures or concessions, and prohibitions on lease terminations or evictions for tenants. Many experts predict that the outbreak will trigger a period of material global economic slowdown or a global recession.

We will continue to monitor impairments of our real estate assets, impairment of our mezzanine loan investment, and estimates of bad debt on rental income. The unknown duration of the pandemic, any limitations that prevent us from enforcing our legal right, and the resulting economy are expected to likely result in increased bad debt and lower occupancy, negatively impacting our results. We will continue to monitor the collectability of all unpaid commercial rent obligations and may be required to make further write-offs in the future. Additionally, we will continue to monitor economic and market conditions and provide no assurance that a prolonged recession will not result in a non-cash impairment loss in the future.

On April 10, 2020, the FASB issued a Staff Q&A to respond to some frequently asked questions about accounting for lease concessions, including deferrals or reductions of future lease payments. Consequently, in accordance with the Staff Q&A issued by the FASB, we may elect to not follow lease modification accounting for concessions related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We are currently working with tenants impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and will continue to evaluate the accounting impact of future lease concessions.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward Looking Statements

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements in certain circumstances. Certain information included in this Quarterly Report contains or may contain information that is forward-looking, within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including, without limitation, statements regarding: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including on our ability to maintain current or meet projected occupancy, rental rate and property operating results; the effect of acquisitions, dispositions, redevelopments, and developments; our ability to meet budgeted costs and timelines, and achieve budgeted rental rates related to our redevelopment and development investments; expectations regarding sales of our apartment communities and the use of proceeds thereof; the availability and cost of corporate debt; and our ability to comply with debt covenants, including financial coverage ratios.

Actual results may differ materially from those described in these forward-looking statements and, in addition, will be affected by a variety of risks and factors, some of which are beyond our control, including, without limitation:

• Real estate and operating risks, including fluctuations in real estate values and the general economic climate in the markets in which we operate and competition for residents in such markets; national and local economic conditions, including the pace of job growth and the level of unemployment; the amount, location and quality of competitive new housing supply; the timing of acquisitions, dispositions, redevelopments, and developments; and changes in operating costs, including energy costs;

• Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our residents, commercial tenants, and operations, including as a result of government restrictions and the overall impact on the real estate industry and economy generally, and the ongoing, dynamic and uncertain nature and duration of the pandemic, all of which heightens the impact of the other risks and factors described below;

• Financing risks, including the availability and cost of capital markets’ financing; the risk that our cash flows from operations may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest; and the risk that our earnings may not be sufficient to maintain compliance with debt covenants;

• Insurance risks, including the cost of insurance, natural disasters, and severe weather such as hurricanes; and

• Legal and regulatory risks, including costs associated with prosecuting or defending claims and any adverse outcomes; the terms of governmental regulations that affect us and interpretations of those regulations; and possible environmental liabilities, including costs, fines or penalties that may be incurred due to necessary remediation of contamination of apartment communities presently or previously owned by us.

In addition, our current and continuing qualification as a real estate investment trust involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and depends on our ability to meet the various requirements imposed by the Internal Revenue Code, through actual operating results, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership.

Readers should carefully review our financial statements and the notes thereto, as well as Item 1A. Risk Factors in Part II of this report, the section entitled “Risk Factors” described in Item 1A of Apartment Investment and Management Company’s and AIMCO Properties, L.P.’s combined Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, and the other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

As used herein and except as the context otherwise requires, “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Apartment Investment and Management Company (which we refer to as Aimco), AIMCO Properties, L.P. (which we refer to as the Aimco Operating Partnership) and their consolidated entities, collectively.

Certain financial and operating measures found herein and used by management are not defined under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. These measures are defined and reconciled to the most comparable GAAP measures under the Non-GAAP Measures heading and include: Nareit Funds from Operations, Pro forma Funds from Operations, Adjusted Funds from Operations, Free Cash Flow, Net Asset Value, Economic Income, and the measures used to compute our leverage ratios.

Executive Overview

We are focused on the ownership, management, redevelopment, and some development of quality apartment communities located in several of the largest markets in the United States.

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Our principal financial objective is to provide predictable and attractive returns to our equity holders. We measure our long-term total return using Economic Income, defined as changes in the per share Net Asset Value, or NAV, growth plus dividends. NAV is used by many investors because the value of company assets can be readily estimated, even for non-earning assets such as land or properties under development. NAV has the advantage of incorporating the investment decisions of thousands of real estate investors, enhancing comparability among companies that have differences in their accounting and avoiding disparity that can result from application of GAAP to investment properties and various ownership structures. NAV also provides real estate investors a basis for the perceived quality and predictability of future cash flows as well as their expected growth. Some investors focus on multiples of Adjusted Funds from Operations, or AFFO, and Funds from Operations as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or Nareit FFO. Our disclosure of AFFO, a measure of current return, complements our focus on Economic Income. We also use Pro forma FFO as a secondary measure of operational performance.

Our Economic Income is the result of performance in five key business areas:

• increase revenue based on high levels of resident retention, through superior customer selection and satisfaction, coupled with innovation resulting in sustained cost control, to further improve net operating income margins;

• create value and future earnings growth by the renovation and repositioning of apartment communities through short-cycle and long-cycle redevelopments;

• own an apartment portfolio diversified by geography and price point with a focus on properties with high land value located in submarkets with outsized future growth prospects, and diversify the portfolio by maintaining allocation to both “income” properties (high quality properties with predictable, “low beta” AFFO returns, usually with B or C+ rents) where we expect appreciation of the substantial land value will create opportunities for “high alpha” value creation through profitable redevelopment;

• primarily utilize safe property debt that is low-cost, long-dated, amortizing, and non-recourse, limiting entity and refunding risk while maintaining flexibility to sell or redevelop properties; and

• emphasize an intentional culture that is collaborative and productive, based on respect for others and personal responsibility, strengthened by a preference for promotion from within and explicit talent development and succession planning to produce the strong, stable team that is the enduring foundation of our success.

Over our first 25 years as a public company, our Economic Income compounded at an annual rate of 14%.

COVID-19 Update

In December 2019, COVID-19 was first identified during an investigation into an outbreak in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The following is a summary of our response to the COVID-19 pandemic and a discussion of financial information for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and periods subsequent to March 31, 2020.

As the crisis approached, we made the health and safety of teammates our priority and we:

• formed a cross-functional committee of approximately a dozen, from across the company, that met daily to re-design how work was done on site, to keep our team safe while continuing to lease apartments and fulfil service requests;

• made it clear, and consistent with company policies providing flexibility, that any teammate who felt unsafe at work because of the virus was free to stay home, with pay and without penalty;

• undertook to pay all costs related to COVID-19 testing and treatment;

• committed to keep our team intact, without layoffs or pay cuts; and

• continued, and increased, regular communications and transparency, providing a steady flow of written, oral, and video reports to the entire team.

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Customer focus led us to make our properties safer by increasing cleaning, reducing opportunities for infection, and limiting in-person interactions with neighbors and site teams, and we:

• searched out ways to support those sheltering at home and to meet the needs of the relatively few who reported positive for infection by COVID-19;

• redeployed construction supervisors whose work had been paused to support property service teams, and redeployed dozens of our office workers to join our shared service center team to hold thousands of structured conversations with residents helping each plan his or her personal adjustment to the crisis, including offering financial advice, tips on job searches, help with errands, ideas about how to find a roommate, establishing payment plans where appropriate, and even, in a few difficult cases, providing money for groceries;

• utilized our previous investment in technology and artificial intelligence to adapt to the new conditions of social distancing and sheltering at home; and

• mindful of the sacrifice of healthcare providers who worked long hours and felt unable to go home without risking infection of their families, and as part of the Aimco Cares Good Neighbor program, provided free use of furnished apartments at 21 Fitzsimons on the Anschutz Medical Campus, Parc Mosaic near Boulder Community Health, and River Club near Newark University Hospital.

Our Board of Directors was fully informed and fully engaged, including two candidates for the board who were not formally elected until the end of April. During March and April, we delivered five management reports, made numerous calls, asked individual directors for specific assistance, and held four virtual board meetings.

Knowing the importance of financial liquidity and building on $650 million of cash and committed credit at the start of 2020, we drew down $300 million on our revolving credit facility, reduced expected 2020 capital spending by $150 million, or almost one-half, and undertook to increase available credit by another $720 million: a $350 million bank term loan and approximately $370 million in proceeds from property loans, of which half are closed or rate-locked and half closing over the next 30 days.

Preliminary 2^nd Quarter Information

• In April, our resident turnover reached an all-time low of 41.1%, down 270 basis points year over year.

• Leasing pace, which initially dropped by half in mid-March, is recovering. In April, our leasing team provided more than 3,300 live, virtual tours to prospects generating more than 1,000 leases.

• April average daily occupancy of 96.6% was down 40 basis points year over year, yet higher by 20 basis points from April 2018.

• Pricing has remained solid with April blended lease rate increases of 4.2%, up 50 basis points year-over-year.

• April residential revenue was approximately $69 million, of which we recognized 99%, after a 1% provision for bad debt. Of the 99% recognized, 96% was received in cash and 3% was accrued based on security deposits available for offset, and the FICO scores of the resident or his guarantor. Effective in April, we revised our estimation of residential bad debt to consider creditworthy residents and their guarantors who choose to withhold rent payments.

Our new methodology accelerated the estimate of collectability to month-end based on our assessment of the creditworthiness of the tenants and third-party guarantors, based on their FICO scores. Previously, we evaluated collectability of balances only after such balances were more than 30 days past due. Using the new methodology, April residential bad debt expense was approximately 1% of revenues, or $670k; an increase of $270k from what would have been the result using our former methodology.

We also reviewed the viability of our commercial tenants and the related accounting assets for straight-line rents and deferred broker commissions.

Approximately $2.5 million, or 3.5%, of our monthly revenue is derived from commercial tenants, about one-half office uses and one-half other commercial uses. In April, we collected 90% of amounts due from office tenants and 30% of rents from the other commercial users.

US GAAP requires revenue subject to long-term leases to be recognized in a ratable, or straight-line, manner over the life of the lease. In practice, this results in GAAP income in excess of cash receipts in the early years of a lease. Additionally, GAAP requires broker commissions paid for origination of the lease to be deferred and recognized over the life of the lease. Entering 2020, we had recognized $6.7 million of GAAP rental revenue in-excess of cash rent and had deferred $3.8 million of broker commissions. Based on the expected economic impact of COVID-19 and the recession at hand, we wrote off, in the first

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quarter, $2.9 million of its straight-line rent receivable and $2.2 million of deferred broker commissions related to leases to commercial tenants with retail, restaurant, and fitness uses. Monthly rent for these tenants is approximately $0.6 million and future rental revenue will be recognized on a cash basis.  

The unknown duration of the pandemic, any limitations that prevent us from enforcing our legal right, and the resulting economy are expected to likely result in higher uncollected rents and lower expected occupancy, negatively impacting our results. Partially mitigating these negative factors is an expectation for higher customer retention and lowering turnover costs. Additionally, while no provision for real estate impairment was recognized during the first quarter, we continue to monitor economic and market conditions and provide no assurance that a prolonged recession will not result in a non-cash impairment loss in the future.

Redevelopment and Development

When the current crisis became apparent, we paused all of our short-cycle redevelopment and capital enhancement activities. Together with other projects that had been slated to start later this year, we reduced expected 2020 capital spending by 45%, or $150 million.

We are continuing construction of five long-cycle redevelopments and developments currently underway. These five apartment communities have an estimated remaining cost to complete of approximately $212 million; approximately $140 million of which is expected to be spent in 2020. Three are expected to be completed in 2020 and two are expected to be completed in 2021. When stabilized, these communities are expected to contribute approximately $30 million of additional net operating income.

Liquidity and Leverage

Today, we have $1 billion of liquidity: summing cash on hand; availability under our revolving credit facility; and excess proceeds on rate-locked debt closing in the next few weeks. This liquidity will increase by an additional $200 million, as in-process property loans close over the next 30 days.  

In total, we are placing $688 million of new property debt, generating incremental proceeds of $367 million. We have closed or rate-locked $326 million of the new property loans. These loans have a weighted-average term to maturity of 8.3 years and a weighted-average interest rate of 2.9%, lowering our overall borrowing costs by five basis points. When these financings, and the property loans currently in process, are completed, we will have no loan maturities in 2020 and will have reduced 2021 to 2024 maturities by $229 million; resulting in average annual maturities of $265 million for the four years 2021 to 2024.

Our investment-grade balance sheet provides flexibility and liquidity. Leverage, as measured by leverage-to-EBITDAre, remains above targeted levels. We expect to reduce leverage to targeted levels through increased EBITDAre from the lease up of the five properties under construction and from property sales.

In early May, we sold an apartment community located in Annandale, Virginia at a price of $58.9 million, equal to its estimated gross asset value at December 31, 2019.

Results for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020

The results from the execution of our business plan during the three months ended March 31, 2020, are further described below.

Operations

We own and operate a portfolio of apartment communities, diversified by both geography and price point. As of March 31, 2020, our portfolio included 124 apartment communities with 32,846 apartment homes in which we held an average ownership of approximately 99%.

Our property operations team produced solid results for our portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Same Store highlights include:

• Average daily occupancy of 97.6%, 60 basis points higher than the three months ended March 31, 2019;

• Net operating income increased 5.0% with a 74.0% net operating income margin, 100 basis points higher than the margin for the three months ended March 31, 2019; and

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• Rent increases on renewals and new leases averaged 5.8% and 1.7%, respectively, for a weighted-average increase of 3.6%, 50 basis points higher than the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Our focus on efficient operations through productivity initiatives such as centralization of administrative tasks, optimization of economies of scale at the corporate level, and increased automation has helped us control operating expenses. These and other innovations contributed to a growth rate in Same Store controllable operating expense, which we define as property expenses less taxes, insurance, and utility expenses, compounding for the 12 years ended December 31, 2019, at an annual rate of negative 0.2%. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, Same Store controllable operating expenses decreased 3.5% compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Redevelopment and Development

Our second line of business is the redevelopment and some development of apartment communities. Through redevelopment activities, we expect to create value by repositioning communities within our portfolio. We undertake ground-up development when warranted by risk-adjusted investment returns, either directly or in connection with the redevelopment of an existing apartment community. When warranted, we rely on the expertise and credit of a third-party developer familiar with the local market to limit our exposure to construction risk. We invest to earn risk-adjusted returns in excess of those expected from the apartment communities sold in “paired trades” to fund the redevelopment or development. Of these two activities, we generally favor redevelopment because it permits adjustment of the scope and timing of spending to align with changing market conditions and customer preferences.

We execute redevelopments using a range of approaches. We prefer to limit risk by executing redevelopments using a short-cycle approach, in which we renovate an apartment community in stages. These short-cycle redevelopments can be completed one apartment home at a time, when that home is vacated and available for renovation, or one floor at a time, thereby limiting the number of down homes and lease-up risk. As a result, short-cycle redevelopments provide us the flexibility to maintain current earnings while aligning the timing of the completed apartment homes with market demand. When short-cycle redevelopments are not possible, we may engage in redevelopment activities where an entire building or community is vacated. We refer to these as long-cycle redevelopments. We undertake some ground-up development when warranted by risk-adjusted investment returns. Redevelopment work may include seeking entitlements from local governments, which enhance the value of our existing portfolio by increasing density; that is, the right to add apartment homes to a site.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we invested $67.4 million in redevelopment and development. In March, as mentioned above, we paused investment in our short-cycle redevelopment projects and delayed the start of new projects. We intend to continue five long-cycle redevelopment and development projects already under construction, including the full redevelopment of the North Tower at Flamingo Point and 707 Leahy, ground-up construction at The Fremont on the Anschutz Medical Campus, Eldridge Townhomes adjacent to our Elm Creek apartment community, and Prism in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Our estimated cost to complete these projects is $212.2 million, an amount equal to 1.5% of our estimated gross asset value and readily funded from our liquidity.

The following table summarizes our significant redevelopment and development communities as of March 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):

	Location	Homes Approved for Redevelopment		Homes Completed		Homes Leased		Total Planned Investment (1)		Investment to Date		Expected Initial Occupancy (2)	Expected NOI Stabilization (3)
Short-cycle redevelopments:
Bay Parc	Miami, FL		75		75		70	$	26.3	$	26.3	N/A	N/A
Long-cycle redevelopments:
707 Leahy (4)	Redwood City, CA		110		12		19		25.0		16.1	1Q 2020	2Q 2022
Eldridge Townhomes	Elmhurst, IL		58		—		12		35.1		24.1	2Q 2020	4Q 2022
Flamingo Point	Miami Beach, FL		385		18		12		224.9		90.2	4Q 2021	2Q 2024
The Fremont	Denver, CO (MSA)		253		—		16		87.0		69.8	3Q 2020	1Q 2023
Parc Mosaic (5)	Boulder, CO		226		226		157		124.6		123.4	3Q 2019	1Q 2022
Prism (6)	Cambridge, MA		136		—		2		73.2		32.8	1Q 2021	3Q 2023
Total			1,243		331		288	$	596.1	$	382.7

(1) Represents the total actual or estimated investment, net of tax and other credits earned as a direct result of our redevelopment or development of the community.

(2) Delivery timing and stabilization is subject to change and are based on the best estimate at this time. Temporary local restrictions halting construction activity and extended ‘‘shelter-in-place’ orders, related to COVID-19 or otherwise, may delay project completion and impact the timing of stabilization. Any additional delays may also result in increased costs.

(3) Represents the period in which we expect the communities to achieve stabilized rents and operating costs, generally five quarters after occupancy stabilization.

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(4) In March 2020, complying with local COVID-19 related restrictions, construction activities were halted temporarily at 707 Leahy. On May 4, 2020, restrictions were eased, and construction activities resumed. Completion of construction, previously expected during the second quarter of 2020, is now expected during the third quarter of 2020.

(5) During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we substantially completed construction at Parc Mosaic. As of March 31, 2020, we had leased 69% of the apartment homes at rents exceeding underwriting.

(6) In July 2019, we announced the acquisition of an under-development apartment community, now called Prism. The City of Cambridge has halted all construction. Assuming the current ban is lifted by early summer, completion of this 136-apartment home property is expected in the first quarter of 2021.

As of March 31, 2020, our total estimated net investment at redevelopment and development communities is $596.1 million, of which we have funded $382.7 million. We expect to fund the remaining estimated net investment of $213.4 million on these communities in 2020 and future years, on a leverage-neutral basis, with proceeds from sales of apartment communities with lower forecasted FCF internal rates of return.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we leased 73 redeveloped or newly developed apartment homes. As of March 31, 2020, our exposure to lease-up at long-cycle redevelopment and development communities was 892 apartment homes; 70 homes where construction is complete, 347 homes expected to be delivered during the remainder of 2020, and 475 homes expected to be delivered in 2021.

Portfolio Management and Capital Allocation

Our portfolio of apartment communities is diversified across “A,” “B,” and “C+” price points, averaging “B/B+” in quality, and is also diversified across several of the largest markets in the United States. We measure the quality of apartment communities in our portfolio based on average rents of our apartment homes compared to local market average rents as reported by a third-party provider of commercial real estate performance data and analysis. Under this rating system, we classify as “A” quality apartment communities those earning rents greater than 125% of local market average; as “B” quality apartment communities those earning rents between 90% and 125% of local market average; as “C+” quality apartment communities those earning rents greater than $1,100 per month, but lower than 90% of local market average; and as “C” quality apartment communities those earning rents less than $1,100 per month and lower than 90% of local market average. We classify as “B/B+” quality a portfolio that on average earns rents between 100% and 125% of local market average rents. Although some companies and analysts within the multifamily real estate industry use apartment community quality ratings of “A,” “B,” and “C,” some of which are tied to local market rent averages, the metrics used to classify apartment community quality as well as the period for which local market rents are calculated may vary from company to company. Accordingly, our rating system for measuring apartment community quality is neither broadly nor consistently used in the multifamily real estate industry.

The following table summarizes information about our portfolio relative to the market for the three months ended March 31, 2020:

Average revenue per Aimco apartment home (1)	$	2,280
Portfolio average rents as a percentage of local market average rents		112	%
Percentage A (1Q 2020 average revenue per Aimco apartment home $2,988)		53	%
Percentage B (1Q 2020 average revenue per Aimco apartment home $2,010)		30	%
Percentage C+ (1Q 2020 average revenue per Aimco apartment home $1,769)		17	%

(1) Represents average monthly rental and other property revenues (excluding resident reimbursement of utility cost) divided by the number of occupied apartment homes as of the end of the period.

Our average revenue per apartment home was $2,280 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing an increase of 5% compared to the same period in 2019. This increase is due primarily to growth in Same Store revenue, lease-up of redeveloped apartment homes, and the sale of communities with average monthly revenues per apartment home lower than those of the retained portfolio.

We follow a disciplined paired trade policy in making investments. As part of our portfolio strategy, we seek to sell up to 10% of our portfolio annually and to reinvest the proceeds from such sales in accretive uses such as capital enhancements, redevelopments, some developments, and selective acquisitions with projected FCF internal rates of return higher than expected from the communities being sold. We prefer well-located real estate where land is a significant percentage of total value and provides potential upside from development or redevelopment. Through this disciplined approach to capital recycling, we increase the quality and expected growth rate of our portfolio.

As we execute our portfolio strategy, we expect to increase average revenue per Aimco apartment home at a rate greater than market rent growth, increase FCF margins, and maintain sufficient geographic and price point diversification to limit volatility and concentration risk.

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During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we made no acquisitions or dispositions.

Balance Sheet

Leverage

Our leverage strategy seeks to increase financial returns by using leverage with appropriate caution. We limit risk through our balance sheet structure, employing low leverage, primarily non-recourse and long-dated property debt; build financial flexibility by maintaining ample unused and available credit; holding properties with substantial value unencumbered by property debt; maintaining an investment grade rating; and using partners’ capital when it enhances financial returns or reduces investment risk.

Our leverage includes our share of long-term, non-recourse property debt encumbering apartment communities, outstanding borrowings on the revolving credit facility, and other leverage. Please refer to the Liquidity and Capital Resources section for additional information regarding our leverage. Other leverage includes mezzanine equity instruments, including preferred OP Units and redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnership.

Our target leverage ratios are Net Leverage to Adjusted EBITDAre below 7.0x and Adjusted EBITDAre to Adjusted Interest Expense and Preferred Distributions greater than 2.5x. We calculate Adjusted EBITDAre and Adjusted Interest Expense used in our leverage ratios based on the most recent three-month amounts, annualized. Our leverage ratios for the three months March 31, 2020, are presented below:

Proportionate Debt to Adjusted EBITDAre	7.5x
Net Leverage to Adjusted EBITDAre	7.7x
Adjusted EBITDAre to Adjusted Interest Expense	3.7x
Adjusted EBITDAre to Adjusted Interest Expense and Preferred Distributions	3.6x

Our leverage is expected to be reduced to target levels through the lease up of the five properties under construction and through property sales.

Under our revolving credit facility, we have agreed to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.40x, as well as other covenants customary for similar revolving credit arrangements. For the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2020, our fixed charge coverage ratio was 2.08x. We expect to remain in compliance with these covenants.

Please refer to the Leverage Ratios subsection of the Non-GAAP Measures section for further information about the calculation of our leverage ratios.

Liquidity

Our liquidity consists of cash and restricted cash balances and available capacity on our revolving credit facility.

In April 2020, we secured a $350.0 million term loan. The loan has a one-year term, with a one-year extension option. The loan bears interest at 185 basis points above 30-day LIBOR, with a 50-basis point LIBOR floor. Proceeds from the loan were primarily used to repay borrowings on our $800.0 million revolving credit facility, increasing our availability to $473.6 million as of April 30, 2020.

Additionally, as of May 1, 2020, we had closed or rate-locked $326.2 million of fixed-rate property debt financing with a weighted-average term to maturity of 8.3 years and a weighted-average interest rate of 2.9%. We have an additional $200.0 million of in-process property loans that we expect to close over the next 30 days.

After these financing activities, our total liquidity is expected to be approximately $1.2 billion.

We manage our financial flexibility by maintaining an investment grade rating and holding apartment communities that are unencumbered by property debt.

Two credit rating agencies rate our creditworthiness, using different methodologies and ratios for assessing our credit, and both have rated our credit and outlook as BBB- (stable), an investment grade rating. Although some of the ratios they use are similar to those we use to measure our leverage, there are differences in our methods of calculation and therefore our leverage ratios disclosed above are not indicative of the ratios that may be calculated by these agencies.

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Equity Capital Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we repurchased 0.2 million shares of Common Stock for $10.0 million, at a weighted-average price of $42.79 per share, approximately a 27% discount to our estimated NAV per share.

On April 28, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.41 per share of Common Stock, an increase of 5% compared to the regular quarterly dividends paid in 2019. This amount is payable on May 29, 2020, to stockholders of record on May 15, 2020.

Team and Culture

Our team and culture are keys to our success. Our intentional focus on a collaborative and productive culture based on respect for others and personal responsibility is reinforced by a preference for promotion from within. We focus on succession planning and talent development to produce a strong, stable team that is the enduring foundation of our success. We offer benefits reinforcing our value of caring for each other, including paid time for parental leave, paid time annually to volunteer in local communities, college scholarships for the children of team members, an emergency fund to help team members in crisis, financial support for our team members who are becoming United States citizens, and a bonus structure at all levels of the organization. We also pay full compensation and benefits for team members who are actively deployed by the United States military. Out of hundreds of participating companies in 2019, we were one of only seven recognized as a “Top Workplace” in Colorado for each of the past seven years. We were also recognized as a Top Workplace in the Bay Area in 2019. Also in 2019, we were the only real estate company to receive a BEST award from the Association for Talent Development in recognition of our company-wide success in talent development, marking our second consecutive year receiving this award.

Results of Operations

Because our operating results depend primarily on income from our apartment communities, the supply of and demand for apartments influences our operating results. Additionally, the level of expenses required to operate and maintain our apartment communities and the pace and price at which we redevelop, acquire, and dispose of our apartment communities affect our operating results.

The following discussion and analysis of the results of our operations and financial condition should be read in conjunction with the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1.

Financial Highlights

Net income attributable to common stockholders per common share, on a dilutive basis, decreased by $1.84 during the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 2019, due primarily to lower gains from dispositions.

AFFO per share increased $0.05 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 2019, due primarily to a $0.05 increase in Same Store property net operating income.

Detailed Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020, Compared to March 31, 2019

Net income decreased by $282.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 2019, as described more fully below.

Property Operations

We have four segments: Same Store, Redevelopment and Development, Acquisition, and Other Real Estate. Our Same Store segment includes communities that have reached a stabilized level of operations as of the beginning of a two-year comparable period and maintained it throughout the current and comparable prior year and are not expected to be sold within 12 months. Our Redevelopment and Development segment includes communities that are currently under construction, and those that have been completed in recent years that have not achieved and maintained stabilized operations for both the current and comparable prior year. Our Acquisition segment includes those communities that we have acquired since the beginning of a two-year comparable period. Our Other Real Estate segment primarily includes apartment communities that are subject to limitations on rent increases, communities that we expect to sell within 12 months but do not yet meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale, communities that we expect to redevelop, and certain commercial spaces.

As of March 31, 2020, our Same Store segment included 95 apartment communities with 28,095 apartment homes.

From December 31, 2019 to March 31, 2020, on a net basis, our Same Store segment increased by four apartment communities and 1,446 apartment homes. These changes consisted of:

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• the addition of one redeveloped apartment community with 940 apartment homes that was classified as Same Store upon maintaining stabilized operation for the entirety of the periods presented;

• the addition of six acquired apartment communities with 1,480 apartment homes that were classified as Same Store because we have now owned them for the entirety of both periods presented; and

• the reduction of three apartment communities with 974 apartment homes that we have classified in Other Real Estate, as we are planning to redevelop these communities.

As of March 31, 2020: our Redevelopment and Development segment included six apartment communities with 2,210 apartment homes; our Acquisition segment included one apartment community with 110 apartment homes and one apartment community with 136 homes under construction; and our Other Real Estate segment included 18 apartment communities with 2,289 apartment homes and one office building.

We use proportionate property net operating income to assess the operating performance of our communities. Proportionate property net operating income reflects our share of rental and other property revenues, excluding utility reimbursements, less direct property operating expenses, net of utility reimbursements, for consolidated communities. Accordingly, the results of operations of our segments discussed below are presented on a proportionate basis and exclude the results of four apartment communities with 142 apartment homes that we do not consolidate.

We do not include offsite costs associated with property management, casualty gains or losses, or the results of apartment communities sold or held for sale, reported in consolidated amounts, in our assessment of segment performance. Accordingly, these items are not allocated to our segment results discussed below.

Please refer to Note 7 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 for further discussion regarding our segments, including a reconciliation of these proportionate amounts to consolidated rental and other property revenues and property operating expenses.

Proportionate Property Net Operating Income

The results of our segments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, as presented below, are based on segment classifications as of March 31, 2020.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2020		2019			$ Change			% Change
Rental and other property revenues, before utility reimbursements:
Same Store	$	187,956	$	181,523		$	6,433			3.5	%
Redevelopment and Development		11,913		14,012			(2,099	)		(15.0	%)
Acquisition		884		—			884		nm
Other Real Estate		17,875		14,113			3,762			26.7	%
Total		218,628		209,648			8,980			4.3	%
Property operating expenses, net of utility reimbursements:
Same Store		48,782		48,990			(208	)		(0.4	%)
Redevelopment and Development		4,687		5,255			(568	)		(10.8	%)
Acquisition		401		127			274			215.7	%
Other Real Estate		6,174		4,991			1,183			23.7	%
Total		60,044		59,363			681			1.1	%
Proportionate property net operating income:
Same Store		139,174		132,533			6,641			5.0	%
Redevelopment and Development		7,226		8,757			(1,531	)		(17.5	%)
Acquisition		483		(127	)		610			(480.3	%)
Other Real Estate		11,701		9,122			2,579			28.3	%
Total	$	158,584	$	150,285		$	8,299			5.5	%

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 2019, our Same Store proportionate property net operating income increased by $6.6 million, or 5.0%. This increase was attributable primarily to a $6.4 million, or 3.5%, increase in rental and other property revenues due to higher average revenues of $62 per apartment home comprised of increases in rental rates and a 60-basis point increase in average daily occupancy. Renewal rents in the first quarter increased by 5.8%, and new lease rents increased by 1.7%, resulting in a weighted-average increase of 3.6%. Same Store property operating expenses decreased $0.2 million, contributing to the proportionate property net operating income growth, driven primarily by a $0.8 million, or 3.5%, decrease in controllable operating expenses, which exclude utility costs, real estate taxes, and insurance.

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Redevelopment and Development proportionate property net operating income decreased by $1.5 million, or 17.5%, for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 2019. This decrease was attributable primarily to de-leasing at Flamingo Point and 707 Leahy in preparation for redevelopment, offset partially by increased occupancy driven by the lease-up at Parc Mosaic.

Other Real Estate proportionate property net operating income increased by $2.6 million, or 28.3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 2019, due primarily to the acquisition of 1001 Brickell Bay Drive in July 2019.

Non-Segment Real Estate Operations

Operating income amounts not attributed to our segments include offsite costs associated with property management, casualty losses, write-off of straight-line rent receivables, and the results of apartment communities sold or held for sale, reported in consolidated amounts, which we do not allocate to our segments for purposes of evaluating segment performance.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recognized a write-off of straight-line rent receivables due to the impact of COVID-19 and the resulting economic impact on our commercial tenants. No similar write-off was recognized in 2019.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 2019, net operating income decreased by $7.7 million due to the sale of apartment communities in 2019.

Depreciation and Amortization

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 2019, depreciation and amortization expense increased by $6.9 million, or 7.4%, due primarily to communities acquired in 2019 and apartment homes placed in service after completion of construction. This increase was offset partially by decreases in depreciation associated with apartment communities sold and assets fully depreciated in 2019.

Other Expenses, Net

Other expenses, net, includes costs associated with our risk management activities, partnership administration expenses, ground lease rent expense, and certain non-recurring items.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 2019, other expenses, net decreased by $3.5 million, or 68.0%, due primarily to a favorable incremental cash receipt in the first quarter of 2020 related to a previous settlement and lower ground lease expense.

Interest Income

Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 2019, increased by $1.8 million, or 65.9%, due primarily to a gain recognized due to the early payoff of a seller financing note.

Gain on Dispositions of Real Estate

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, no apartment communities were sold. The table below summarizes dispositions of apartment communities from our portfolio during the three months ended March 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	2019
Number of apartment communities sold		7
Gross proceeds	$	408,550
Net proceeds (1)	$	340,218
Gain on dispositions	$	291,473

(1) Net proceeds are after repayment of debt, if any, net working capital settlements, payment of transaction costs, and debt prepayment penalties, if applicable.

The apartment communities sold from our portfolio during the three months ended March 31, 2019, were primarily located outside of our primary markets or in lower-rated locations within our primary markets and had average revenues per apartment home significantly below those of our retained portfolio.

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Mezzanine Investment Income, Net

On November 26, 2019, we loaned $275 million to the partnership owning Parkmerced Apartments. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recognized $6.7 million of income in connection with the mezzanine loan, and we received cash payments of $0.6 million on the accrued interest.

Income Tax Benefit (Expense)

Certain of our operations, including property management and risk management, are conducted through taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRS entities. Additionally, some of our apartment communities and 1001 Brickell Bay Drive are owned through TRS entities.

Our income tax benefit calculated in accordance with GAAP includes: (a) income taxes associated with the income or loss of our TRS entities including tax on gains on dispositions, for which the tax consequences have been realized or will be realized in future periods; (b) low income housing tax credits generated prior to the sale of our Asset Management business that offset REIT taxable income, primarily from retained capital gains; and (c) historic tax credits that offset income tax obligations of our TRS entities. Income taxes related to these items, as well as changes in valuation allowance and the establishment of incremental deferred tax items in conjunction with intercompany asset transfers (if applicable), are included in income tax benefit in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, we incurred income tax benefit of $3.2 million, compared to income tax provision of $3.0 million during the same period in 2019. The change is due primarily to income tax provision on the gain on dispositions of real estate in 2019, offset partially by decreased benefit due to lower net operating losses at communities held by TRS entities.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We prepare our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions. We believe that the critical accounting policies that involve our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements relate to the impairment of long-lived assets and capitalized costs.

Our critical accounting policies are described in more detail in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of Aimco’s and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s combined Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies from those reported in our Form 10-K and we believe that the related judgments and assessments have been consistently applied and produce financial information that fairly depicts the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for all periods presented.

Non-GAAP Measures

Certain key financial indicators we use in managing our business and in evaluating our financial condition and operating performance are non-GAAP measures. Key non-GAAP measures we use are defined and described below, and for those non-GAAP measures used or disclosed within this quarterly report, we provide reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures to the most comparable financial measure computed in accordance with GAAP.

We measure our long-term total return using Economic Income, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. Economic Income represents stockholder value creation as measured by the per share change in estimated NAV plus cash dividends. We believe Economic Income is important to investors as it represents a measure of total return earned by our stockholders. We report and reconcile Economic Income annually. Please refer to the section entitled Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations described in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, for more information about Economic Income.

Free Cash Flow, as calculated for our retained portfolio, represents property net operating income, less spending for Capital Replacements, which represents our estimation of the capital additions made to replace capital assets consumed during our ownership period (further discussed under the Nareit Funds From Operations, Pro forma Funds From Operations, and Adjusted Funds From Operations heading and the Liquidity and Capital Resources heading). FCF margin as calculated for apartment communities sold represents the sold apartment community’s net operating income less $1,200 per apartment home of assumed annual capital replacement spending, as a percentage of the apartment community’s rental and other property revenues. Capital replacement spending represents a measure of capital asset usage during the period; therefore, we believe that FCF is useful to investors as a supplemental measure of apartment community performance because it takes into consideration costs incurred during the period to replace capital assets that have been consumed during our ownership.

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Nareit Funds From Operations, Pro forma Funds From Operations, and Adjusted Funds From Operations

Nareit FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe, when considered with the financial statements determined in accordance with GAAP, is helpful to investors in understanding our performance because it captures features particular to real estate performance by recognizing that real estate generally appreciates over time or maintains residual value to a much greater extent than do other depreciable assets such as machinery, computers, or other personal property. Nareit defines FFO as net income computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding: depreciation and amortization related to real estate; gains and losses from sales and impairment of depreciable assets and land used in our primary business; and income taxes directly associated with a gain or loss on the sale of real estate, and including our share of the FFO of unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures are calculated on the same basis to determine Nareit FFO. We calculate Nareit FFO attributable to Aimco common stockholders (diluted) by subtracting amounts allocated from Nareit FFO to participating securities.

In addition to Nareit FFO, we compute Pro forma FFO and AFFO, which are also non-GAAP financial measures that we believe are helpful to investors in understanding our short-term performance. Pro forma FFO represents Nareit FFO attributable to Aimco common stockholders (diluted), excluding certain amounts that are unique or occur infrequently.

In computing 2020 Pro forma FFO, we made the following adjustment to Nareit FFO:

• Straight-line rent: in 2018, we assumed a 99-year ground lease with scheduled rent increases. Due to the terms of the lease, GAAP rent expense will exceed cash rent payments until 2076. We include the cash rent payments for this ground lease in Pro forma FFO but exclude the incremental straight-line non-cash rent expense. We include the rent expense for this lease in other expenses, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In computing 2019 Pro forma FFO, we made the following adjustments to Nareit FFO:

• Straight-line rent: as described above.

• Litigation: during 2018, we were engaged in litigation with Airbnb, which was resolved in December 2018. Due to the unpredictable nature of these proceedings, related amounts recognized are excluded from Pro forma FFO. These amounts are included in other expenses, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

AFFO represents Pro forma FFO reduced by Capital Replacements, which represent our estimation of the actual capital additions made to replace capital assets consumed during our ownership period. When we make capital additions at an apartment community, we evaluate whether the additions extend the useful life of an asset as compared to its condition at the time we purchased the apartment community. We classify as Capital Improvements those capital additions that meet this criterion, and we classify as Capital Replacements those that do not. AFFO is a key financial indicator we use to evaluate our short-term operational performance and is one of the factors that we use to determine the amounts of our dividend payments.

Nareit FFO, Pro forma FFO, and AFFO should not be considered alternatives to net income determined in accordance with GAAP, as indications of our performance. Although we use these non-GAAP measures for comparability in assessing our performance compared to other REITs, not all REITs compute these same measures and those who do may not compute them in the same manner. Additionally, computation of AFFO is subject to our definition of Capital Replacement spending. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our basis for computing these non-GAAP measures is comparable with that of other REITs.

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For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, Aimco’s Nareit FFO, Pro forma FFO, and AFFO are calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

	2020			2019
Net income attributable to Aimco common stockholders (1)	$	6,679		$	271,568
Adjustments:
Real estate depreciation and amortization, net of noncontrolling partners’ interest		97,792			91,374
Loss (gain) on dispositions and other, net of noncontrolling partners’ interest		34			(291,473	)
Income tax adjustments related to gain on dispositions and other tax-related items		226			6,526
Common noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership’s share of above    adjustments		(5,096	)		10,249
Amounts allocable to participating securities		(39	)		316
Nareit FFO attributable to Aimco common stockholders	$	99,596		$	88,560
Adjustments, all net of common noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating    Partnership and participating securities:
Straight-line rent		635			2,307
Litigation, net		—			25
Pro forma FFO attributable to Aimco common stockholders	$	100,231		$	90,892
Capital Replacements, net of common noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating    Partnership and participating securities		(11,605	)		(9,711	)
AFFO attributable to Aimco common stockholders	$	88,626		$	81,181
Total share and dilutive share equivalents used to calculate Net income and Nareit FFO    per share (2)		148,786			144,445
Adjustment to weight reverse stock split (3)		—			3,888
Pro forma shares and dilutive share equivalents used to calculate Pro forma FFO and    AFFO per share		148,786			148,333
Net income attributable to Aimco per common share – diluted	$	0.04		$	1.88
Nareit FFO per share – diluted	$	0.67		$	0.61
Pro forma FFO per share – diluted	$	0.67		$	0.61
AFFO per share – diluted	$	0.60		$	0.55

(1) Represents the numerator for calculating Aimco’s earnings per common share in accordance with GAAP.

(2) Represents the denominator for Aimco’s earnings per common share – diluted, calculated in accordance with GAAP.

(3) During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we completed a reverse stock split and a special dividend paid primarily in stock. For stock splits, GAAP requires the restatement of weighted average shares as if the reverse stock split occurred at the beginning of the period presented; while shares issued in the special dividend are included in weighted average shares outstanding from the date issued. To minimize confusion and facilitate comparison of period-over-period Pro forma FFO and AFFO, we calculated pro forma weighted average shares for 2019 based on the effective date of the reverse stock split and ex-dividend date for the shares issued in the special dividend, thereby eliminating the per-share impact of the GAAP treatment to Aimco’s reported Pro forma FFO and AFFO.

Please refer to Financial Highlights above for discussion of the factors affecting our Pro forma FFO and AFFO growth for 2020, as compared to 2019.

The Aimco Operating Partnership does not separately compute or report Nareit FFO, Pro forma FFO, or AFFO. However, based on Aimco’s method for allocation of such amounts to noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership, as well as limited differences between the amounts of net income attributable to Aimco’s common stockholders and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s unit holders during the periods presented, Nareit FFO, Pro forma FFO, and AFFO amounts on a per unit basis for the Aimco Operating Partnership would be substantially the same as the corresponding per share amounts for Aimco.

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Leverage Ratios

As discussed under the Balance Sheet heading, our leverage strategy targets the ratio of Net Leverage to Adjusted EBITDAre to be below 7.0x and the ratio of Adjusted EBITDAre to Adjusted Interest Expense and Preferred Distributions to be greater than 2.5x. We believe these ratios, which are based in part on non-GAAP financial information, are commonly used by investors and analysts to assess the relative financial risk associated with companies within the same industry, and they are believed to be similar to measures used by rating agencies to assess entity credit quality.

Proportionate Debt, as used in our leverage ratios, is a non-GAAP measure and includes our share of the long-term, non-recourse property debt, and outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Proportionate Debt excludes unamortized debt issuance costs because these amounts represent cash expended in earlier periods and do not reduce our contractual obligations. We reduce our recorded debt by the amounts of cash and restricted cash on-hand (which are primarily restricted under the terms of our property debt agreements), excluding tenant security deposits included in restricted cash, assuming the remaining amounts of cash and restricted cash would be used to reduce our outstanding leverage. We further reduce our recorded debt by the value of our investment in a securitization trust that holds certain of our property debt, as our payments of principal and interest associated with such property debt will ultimately repay our investments in the trust.

We believe Proportionate Debt is useful to investors as it is a measure of our net exposure to debt obligations. Proportionate Debt, as used in our leverage ratios, is calculated as set forth in the table below.

Preferred OP Units, as used in our leverage ratios, represents the redemption amount for the Aimco Operating Partnership’s preferred OP Units and, although perpetual in nature, is another component of our overall leverage.

The reconciliation of total indebtedness to Proportionate Debt and Net Leverage, as used in our leverage ratios as of March 31, 2020, is as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020
Total indebtedness	$	4,802,532
Adjustments:
Debt issuance costs related to non-recourse property debt		19,753
Proportionate share adjustments related to debt obligations of consolidated and unconsolidated    partnerships		(7,732	)
Cash and restricted cash		(374,816	)
Tenant security deposits included in restricted cash		14,432
Proportionate share adjustments related to cash and restricted cash held by consolidated and    unconsolidated partnerships		1,071
Securitization trust investment and other		(95,906	)
Proportionate Debt	$	4,359,334
Preferred OP Units		96,449
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnership		4,617
Net Leverage	$	4,460,400

We calculated Adjusted EBITDAre used in our leverage ratios based on the most recent three-month amounts, annualized. EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre are non-GAAP measures, which we believe are useful to investors, creditors, and rating agencies as a supplemental measure of our ability to incur and service debt because they are recognized measures of performance by the real estate industry and allow for comparison of our credit strength to different companies. EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre should not be considered alternatives to net income (loss) as determined in accordance with GAAP as indicators of liquidity. There can be no assurance that our method of calculating EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre is comparable with that of other real estate investment trusts. Nareit defines EBITDAre as net income computed in accordance with GAAP, before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, and amortization expense, further adjusted for:

• gains and losses on the dispositions of depreciated property;

• impairment write-downs of depreciated property;

• impairment write-downs of investments in unconsolidated partnerships caused by a decrease in the value of the depreciated property in such partnerships; and

• adjustments to reflect Aimco’s share of EBITDAre of investments in unconsolidated entities.

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EBITDAre is defined by Nareit and provides for an additional performance measure independent of capital structure for greater comparability between real estate investment trusts. We define Adjusted EBITDAre as EBITDAre adjusted to exclude the effect of the following items for the reasons set forth below:

• net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships and EBITDAre adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests, to allow investors to compare a measure of our earnings before the effects of our capital structure and indebtedness with that of other companies in the real estate industry;

• the amount of interest income related to our investment in the subordinated tranches in a securitization trust holding primarily Aimco property debt, as we view our interest cost on this debt to be net of any interest income received from the investment; and

• the amount by which GAAP rent expense exceeds cash rents for a long-term ground lease for which expense exceeds cash payments until 2076. The excess of GAAP rent expense over the cash payments for this lease does not reflect a current obligation that affects our ability to service debt.

The reconciliation of net income to EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as used in our leverage ratios, is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020
Net income	$	8,977
Adjustments:
Interest expense		41,336
Income tax benefit		(3,233	)
Depreciation and amortization		100,476
Loss on dispositions of real estate		34
Adjustment related to EBITDAre of unconsolidated partnerships		211
EBITDAre	$	147,801
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in Aimco    Operating Partnership		(18	)
EBITDAre adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests		(620	)
Interest income received on securitization investment		(2,171	)
Straight-line rent		635
Adjusted EBITDAre	$	145,627
Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre	$	582,508

We calculate Adjusted Interest Expense, as used in our leverage ratios, based on the most recent three-month amounts, annualized. Adjusted Interest Expense is a non-GAAP measure that we believe is meaningful for investors and analysts as it presents our share of current recurring interest requirements associated with leverage. Adjusted Interest Expense represents our proportionate share of interest expense on non-recourse property debt and interest expense on our revolving credit facility borrowings. We exclude from our calculation of Adjusted Interest Expense:

• debt prepayment penalties, which are items that, from time to time, affect our interest expense, but are not representative of our scheduled interest obligations; and

• the income we receive on our investment in the securitization trust that holds certain of our property debt, as this income is being generated indirectly from interest we pay with respect to property debt held by the trust.

Preferred Distributions represents the distributions paid on the Aimco Operating Partnership’s preferred OP Units. We add Preferred Distributions to Adjusted Interest Expense for a more complete picture of the interest and dividend requirements of our leverage.

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The reconciliation of interest expense to Adjusted Interest Expense and Preferred Distributions for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as used in our leverage ratios, is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020
Interest expense	$	41,336
Adjustments:
Proportionate share adjustments related to interest of consolidated and    unconsolidated partnerships		(68	)
Interest income earned on securitization trust investment		(2,171	)
Adjusted Interest Expense	$	39,097
Preferred distributions		1,869
Adjusted Interest Expense and Preferred Distributions	$	40,966
Annualized Adjusted Interest Expense	$	156,388
Annualized Adjusted Interest Expense and Preferred Distributions	$	163,864

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Liquidity is the ability to meet present and future financial obligations. Our primary source of liquidity is cash flow from operations. Additional sources are proceeds from dispositions of apartment communities, proceeds from refinancing existing property debt, borrowings under new property debt, borrowings under our revolving credit facility, and proceeds from equity offerings.

As of March 31, 2020, our primary sources of liquidity were as follows:

• $340.9 million in cash and cash equivalents;

• $19.5 million of restricted cash, excluding amounts related to tenant security deposits, consists primarily of escrows held by lenders for capital additions, property taxes, and insurance; and

• $198.7 million of available capacity to borrow under our revolving credit facility after consideration of $7.4 million of letters of credit backed by the facility.

In response to economic uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, we have taken several measures to further increase liquidity, including the following:

• Reduced expected 2020 capital spending by approximately $150 million, or almost half, by pausing investment in our short-cycle redevelopment projects and delaying the start of new projects; and

• undertook to increase available credit by approximately $720 million, comprised of a $350 million term loan and approximately $370 million in proceeds from property loans, of which half are closed or rate-locked and half closing over the next 30 days.

Additional liquidity may also be provided through property debt financing at properties current unencumbered by debt. As of March 31, 2020, we also held unencumbered communities with an estimated fair market value in excess of $2 billion.

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Uses for liquidity include normal operating activities, payments of principal and interest on outstanding property debt, capital expenditures, dividends paid to stockholders, distributions paid to noncontrolling interest partners, and acquisitions of apartment communities. We use our cash and cash equivalents and our cash provided by operating activities to meet short-term liquidity needs. In the event that our cash and cash equivalents and cash provided by operating activities are not sufficient to cover our short-term liquidity needs, we have additional means, such as short-term borrowing availability and proceeds from apartment community sales and refinancings. We may use our revolving credit facility for working capital and other short-term purposes, such as funding investments on an interim basis. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements including redevelopment spending, and apartment community acquisitions, through primarily non-recourse, long-term borrowings, the issuance of equity securities (including OP Units), the sale of apartment communities, and cash generated from operations. Additionally, we expect to meet our liquidity requirements associated with our debt maturities. Our revolving credit facility matures on January 22, 2022. The following table summarizes the payments due under our non-recourse property debt commitments, excluding debt issuance costs, as of March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

	Total		Less than One Year (2020)		2-3 Years (2021-2022)		4-5 Years (2023-2024)		More than Five Years (2025 and Thereafter)
Non-recourse property debt	$	4,228,440	$	148,329	$	1,021,230	$	673,617	$	2,385,264

Leverage and Capital Resources

The availability of credit and its related effect on the overall economy may affect our liquidity and future financing activities, both through changes in interest rates and access to financing. Currently, interest rates are low compared to historical levels. Recent events have increased volatility in interest rates, resulting in substantial movements, both up and down, in short periods of time. Capital is still available, but with fewer sources than in past periods. Any adverse changes in the lending environment could negatively affect our liquidity. We believe we have mitigated much of this exposure by reducing our short and intermediate term maturity risk through refinancing such loans with long-dated, fixed-rate property debt. However, if property financing options become unavailable for our future debt needs, we may consider alternative sources of liquidity, such as reductions in capital spending or proceeds from apartment community dispositions.

Two credit rating agencies rate our creditworthiness and both have rated our credit and outlook as BBB- (stable), an investment grade rating. Our investment grade rating would be useful in accessing capital through the sale of bonds in private or public transactions. However, our intention and historical practice has been to raise debt capital in the form of property-level, non-recourse, long-dated, fixed-rate, amortizing debt, the cost of which is generally less than that of recourse debt and the terms of which also provide for greater balance sheet safety.

As of March 31, 2020, approximately 85.9% of our leverage consisted of property-level, non-recourse, long-dated, amortizing debt. Approximately 96.0% of our property-level debt is fixed-rate, which provides a hedge against increases in interest rates, capitalization rates, and inflation. The weighted-average remaining term to maturity of our property-level debt was 7.3 years. On average, 8.1% of our unpaid principal balances will mature each year from 2021 through 2023.

While our primary source of leverage is property-level, non-recourse, long-dated, fixed-rate, amortizing debt, we also have a revolving credit facility with a syndicate of financial institutions. As of March 31, 2020, we had $593.8 million of outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility, which represented approximately 12.1% of our total leverage.

As of March 31, 2020, our outstanding preferred OP Units represented approximately 2.0% of our total leverage. Preferred OP Units are redeemable at the holder’s option; however, for illustrative purposes, we compute the weighted-average maturity of our total leverage assuming a 10-year maturity on the units.

The combination of non-recourse property-level debt, borrowings under our revolving credit facility, preferred OP Units, and redeemable noncontrolling interests in a consolidated real estate partnership comprise our total leverage. The weighted-average remaining term to maturity for our total leverage described above was 6.7 years as of March 31, 2020.

Under the revolving credit facility, we have agreed to maintain a Fixed Charge Coverage ratio of 1.40x, as well as other covenants customary for similar revolving credit arrangements. For the trailing 12-month period ended March 31, 2020, our Fixed Charge Coverage ratio was 2.08x, compared to a ratio of 2.05x for the trailing 12-month period ended March 31, 2019. Our Fixed Charge Coverage ratio for March 31, 2020. We expect to remain in compliance with this covenant during the next 12 months.

We like the discipline of financing our investments in real estate through the use of fixed-rate, amortizing, non-recourse property debt, as the amortization gradually reduces our leverage and reduces our refunding risk, and the fixed-rate provides a hedge against increases in interest rates, and the non-recourse feature avoids entity risk.

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For information on additional financing activity subsequent to March 31, 2020, please refer to Liquidity above.

Changes in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The following discussion relates to changes in consolidated cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash due to operating, investing and financing activities, which are presented in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows in Item 1 of this report.

Operating Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, net cash provided by operating activities was $77.4 million. Our operating cash flow is affected primarily by rental rates, occupancy levels, and operating expenses related to our portfolio of apartment communities. Cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020, decreased by $4.2 million compared to 2019, due to lower net operating income associated with communities sold, offset partially by improved operating results of our Same Store communities and increased contribution from our Acquisition and Other Real Estate communities.

Investing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, our net cash used in investing activities of $98.0 million was attributed to the items discussed below.

Total capital additions at apartment communities totaled $92.4 million and $75.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We generally fund capital additions with cash provided by operating activities and cash proceeds from sales of apartment communities.

We categorize capital spending for communities in our portfolio broadly into seven primary categories:

• capital replacements, which do not increase the useful life of an asset from its original purchase condition. Capital replacements represent capital additions made to replace the portion of our investment in acquired apartment communities consumed during our period of ownership;

• capital improvements, which represent capital additions made to replace the portion of acquired apartment communities consumed prior to our period of ownership;

• capital enhancements, which may include kitchen and bath remodeling, energy conservation projects, and investments in more durable, longer-lived materials designed to reduce costs, all of which differ from redevelopment additions in that they are generally lesser in scope and do not significantly disrupt property operations;

• initial capital expenditures, which represent capital additions contemplated in the underwriting of our recently acquired communities;

• redevelopment additions, which represent capital additions intended to enhance the value of the apartment community through the ability to generate higher average rental rates, and may include costs related to entitlement, which enhance the value of a community through increased density, and costs related to renovation of exteriors, common areas, or apartment homes;

• development additions, which represent construction and related capitalized costs associated with the ground-up development of apartment communities; and

• casualty capital additions, which represent capitalized costs incurred in connection with the restoration of an apartment community after a casualty event.

We exclude the amounts of capital spending related to commercial spaces and to apartment communities sold or classified as held for sale at the end of the period from the foregoing measures. We have also excluded from these measures indirect capitalized costs, which are not yet allocated to communities with capital additions, and their related capital spending categories.

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A summary of the capital spending for these categories, along with a reconciliation of the total for these categories to the capital expenditures reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, are presented below (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Capital replacements	$	8,347	$	7,695
Capital improvements		1,755		2,286
Capital enhancements		10,363		15,736
Redevelopment		34,458		18,917
Development		32,917		26,211
Initial capital expenditures		2,002		2,705
Casualty		2,524		1,809
Total apartment community capital additions	$	92,366	$	75,359
Plus: additions related to commercial spaces		1,518		31
Plus: additions related to apartment communities sold or held for sale		—		2,263
Consolidated capital additions	$	93,884	$	77,653
Plus: net change in accrued capital spending		958		7,893
Capital expenditures per condensed consolidated statement of cash flows	$	94,842	$	85,546

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we capitalized $3.4 million and $2.1 million of interest costs, respectively, and $10.1 million and $8.9 million of other direct and indirect costs, respectively.

We invested $10.4 million in capital enhancements and $67.4 million in redevelopment and development during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Further details regarding our redevelopment and development activities, including apartment communities constructed and delivered during the three months ended March 31, 2020, is discussed in the Executive Overview section above.

Financing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, our net cash provided by financing activities of $217.7 million was attributed to the items discussed below:

Net borrowings on our revolving credit facility of $318.8 million were made to provide coverage of financial obligations.

Principal payments on property loans during the period totaled $22.6 million of scheduled principal amortization.

Aimco common share repurchases during the three months ended March 31, 2020 totaled $10.0 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities also includes $66.6 million of payments to equity holders, as further detailed in the tables below.

Equity and Partners’ Capital Transactions

The following table presents the Aimco Operating Partnership’s distribution activity (including distributions paid to Aimco) during the three months ended March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Cash distributions paid by the Aimco Operating Partnership to preferred unitholders	$	1,869
Cash distributions paid by the Aimco Operating Partnership to common unitholders (1)		64,608
Cash distributions paid to holders of noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		81
Total cash distributions paid by the Aimco Operating Partnership	$	66,558

(1) $61.1 million represented distributions to Aimco, and $3.5 million represented distributions paid to holders of OP Units.

The following table presents Aimco’s dividend and distribution activity during the three months ended March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Cash distributions paid to holders of OP Units	$	5,361
Cash distributions paid to holders of noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		81
Cash dividends paid by Aimco to common stockholders		61,116
Total cash dividends and distributions paid by Aimco	$	66,558

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Future Capital Needs

We expect to fund any future acquisitions, redevelopment, development, and other capital spending principally with proceeds from apartment community sales, short-term borrowings, debt and equity financing, and operating cash flows. Our near-term business plan does not contemplate the issuance of equity. We believe, based on the information available at this time, that we have sufficient cash on hand and access to additional sources of liquidity to meet our operational needs for 2020 and beyond.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As of March 31, 2020, on a consolidated basis, we had approximately $170.1 million of variable-rate property-level debt outstanding and $593.8 million of outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We estimate that a change in 30-day LIBOR of 100 basis points with constant credit risk spreads would reduce or increase interest expense by approximately $7.6 million on an annual basis.

As of March 31, 2020, we had approximately $374.8 million of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, a portion of which bears interest at variable rates, which may offset somewhat a change in rates on our variable-rate debt discussed above.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Aimco

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Aimco’s management, with the participation of Aimco’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of Aimco’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, Aimco’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, Aimco’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in Aimco’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the first quarter of 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Aimco’s internal control over financial reporting.

The Aimco Operating Partnership

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Aimco Operating Partnership’s management, with the participation of the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of both Aimco and AIMCO-GP, Inc., the Aimco Operating Partnership’s general partner, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of AIMCO-GP, Inc. have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Aimco Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in the Aimco Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the first quarter of 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Aimco Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

As of the date of this report, we are updating the risk factors in Aimco’s and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s combined Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 to include the following risk factor. The risk factors as-filed remain unchanged.

Pandemics may affect our operating results and financial condition.

A local, regional, national or international outbreak of a contagious disease, such as COVID-19, could negatively impact our tenants and our operations. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted global economic activity and caused significant volatility and negative pressure in financial markets. The global impact of the outbreak has been rapidly evolving and many countries, including the United States, have reacted by instituting a wide variety of measures including states of emergency, mandatory quarantines, required business and school closures, implementing “shelter in place” orders and restricting travel. In addition, many cities and states have enacted, or are considering enacting, protections for residents and commercial tenants, including government mandated rent delays or other abatement measures or concessions or prohibitions on lease terminations or evictions. Many experts predict that the outbreak will trigger a period of material global economic slowdown or a global recession.

Factors that have negatively impacted, or would negatively impact, our ability to successfully operate during the COVID-19 pandemic or another pandemic include:

• our ability to collect rents on a timely basis or at all, without reductions or other concessions;

• our ability to ensure business continuity in the event our continuity of operations plan is not effective or improperly implemented or deployed during a disruption;

• fluctuations in regional and local economies, local real estate conditions and rental rates;

• our ability to dispose communities at all or on terms favorable to us;

• our ability to complete redevelopments and developments as planned; and

• potential litigation relating to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, it is difficult to predict how significant the impact of this outbreak will be on the global economy, our residents and commercial tenants, and our communities or for how long disruptions are likely to continue. The extent of such impact will depend on developments, which are highly uncertain, rapidly evolving and cannot be predicted, including the ability to contain the virus, the duration of measures implemented and the overall impact of these measures. Such developments, depending on their nature, duration, and intensity, could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. The COVID-19 pandemic also may have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in our combined Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Aimco

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

From time to time, Aimco may issue shares of Common Stock in exchange for OP Units, defined under The Aimco Operating Partnership heading below. Such shares are issued based on an exchange ratio of one share for each common OP Unit. Aimco may also issue shares of Common Stock in exchange for limited partnership interests in consolidated real estate partnerships. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, Aimco did not issue any shares of Common Stock in exchange for OP Units or limited partnership interests in consolidated real estate partnerships.

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Repurchases of Equity Securities

The following table summarizes Aimco’s share repurchases (in thousands, except for per share data) for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Fiscal period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
January 1, 2020 ‒ January 31, 2020		—	$	—		—		10,630
February 1, 2020 ‒ February 29, 2020		—		—		—		10,630
March 1, 2020 ‒ March 31, 2020		234		42.79		234		10,396
Total		234	$	42.79		234

(1) Aimco’s Board of Directors has, from time to time, authorized Aimco to repurchase shares of its outstanding capital stock. This authorization has no expiration date. These repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions.

The Aimco Operating Partnership

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

The Aimco Operating Partnership did not issue any unregistered OP units during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Repurchases of Equity Securities

The Aimco Operating Partnership’s Partnership Agreement generally provides that after holding common OP Units for one year, limited partners other than Aimco have the right to redeem their common OP Units for cash or, at our election, shares of Aimco Common Stock on a one-for-one basis (subject to customary antidilution adjustments). During the three months ended March 31, 2020, no common OP Units or preferred OP Units held by Limited Partners were redeemed in exchange for shares of Aimco Common Stock.

The following table summarizes the Aimco Operating Partnership’s repurchases, or redemptions in exchange for cash, of common OP Units (in thousands, except for per share data) for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Fiscal period	Total Number of Units Purchased		Average Price Paid per Unit (1)		Total Number of Units Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)	Maximum Number of Units that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
January 1, 2020 ‒ January 31, 2020		1	$	51.55	N/A	N/A
February 1, 2020 ‒ February 29, 2020		12		53.10	N/A	N/A
March 1, 2020 ‒ March 31, 2020		239		43.05	N/A	N/A
Total		252	$	43.55

(1) The terms of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s Partnership Agreement do not provide for a maximum number of units that may be repurchased, and other than the express terms of its Partnership Agreement, the Aimco Operating Partnership has no publicly announced plans or programs of repurchase. However, for Aimco to repurchase shares of its Common Stock, the Aimco Operating Partnership must make a concurrent repurchase of its common partnership units held by Aimco at a price per unit that is equal to the price per share Aimco pays for its Common Stock.

Dividend and Distribution Payments

As a REIT, Aimco is required to distribute annually to holders of its Common Stock at least 90% of its “real estate investment trust taxable income,” which, as defined by the Code and United States Department of Treasury regulations, is generally equivalent to net taxable ordinary income. Our revolving credit facility includes customary covenants, including a restriction on dividends and distributions and other restricted payments, but permits dividends and distributions during any four consecutive fiscal quarters in an aggregate amount of up to 95% of Aimco’s Funds From Operations for such period, subject to certain non-cash adjustments, or such amount as may be necessary to maintain Aimco’s REIT status and avoid the payment of federal income or excise tax. Aimco’s Board of Directors targets a dividend payout ratio between 65% and 70% of AFFO. 

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are filed with this report:

EXHIBIT      NO. (1)	DESCRIPTION
3.1	Charter – Articles of Restatement (Exhibit 3.1 to Aimco’s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated February 24, 2020, is incorporated herein by this reference)
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws (Exhibit 3.1 to Aimco’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 26, 2016, is incorporated herein by this reference)
4.1	Description of Aimco’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. (Exhibit 4.1 to Aimco’s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated February 24, 2020, is incorporated herein by this reference)
10.1	Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Aimco Operating Partnership, dated as of July 29, 1994, as amended and restated as of April 8, 2019 (Exhibit 10.1 to Aimco’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 5, 2019, is incorporated herein by this reference)
10.2	Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Senior Secured Credit Agreement, dated as of April 20, 2020, by and among Apartment Investment and Management Company, AIMCO Properties, L.P., AIMCO/Bethesda Holdings, Inc., certain subsidiary loan parties party thereto, the lenders party thereto and KeyBank National Association, as administrative agent (Exhibit 10.1 to Aimco’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 20, 2020, is incorporated herein by this reference)
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – Aimco
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – Aimco
31.3	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – the Aimco Operating Partnership
31.4	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – the Aimco Operating Partnership
32.1	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – Aimco
32.2	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – the Aimco Operating Partnership
101	The following materials from Aimco’s and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s combined Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020, formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) condensed consolidated balance sheets; (ii) condensed consolidated statements of operations; (iii) condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income; (iv) condensed consolidated statements of cash flows; and (v) notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).

(1) Schedules and supplemental materials to the exhibits have been omitted but will be provided to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY
By:	/s/ Paul Beldin
	Paul Beldin
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.
By:	AIMCO-GP, Inc., its general partner
By:	/s/ Paul Beldin
	Paul Beldin
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)

Date: May 8, 2020

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION

I, Terry Considine, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Apartment Investment and Management Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 8, 2020

/s/ Terry Considine

Terry Considine

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION

I, Paul Beldin, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Apartment Investment and Management Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 8, 2020

/s/ Paul Beldin

Paul Beldin

Executive Vice President and Chief

Financial Officer

EX-31.3

Exhibit 31.3

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION

I, Terry Considine, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of AIMCO Properties, L.P.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 8, 2020

/s/ Terry Considine

Terry Considine

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.4

Exhibit 31.4

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION

I, Paul Beldin, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of AIMCO Properties, L.P.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 8, 2020

/s/ Paul Beldin

Paul Beldin

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

Certification of CEO Pursuant to

18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

As Adopted Pursuant to

Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of Apartment Investment and Management Company (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Terry Considine

Terry Considine

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

May 8, 2020

/s/ Paul Beldin

Paul Beldin

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

May 8, 2020

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

Certification of CEO Pursuant to

18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

As Adopted Pursuant to

Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of AIMCO Properties, L.P. (the “Partnership”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Partnership.

/s/ Terry Considine

Terry Considine

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

May 8, 2020

/s/ Paul Beldin

Paul Beldin

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

May 8, 2020

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Significant Transactions (Details Textual) $ in Millions	Apr. 20, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020 Property Community	Mar. 31, 2019 Property
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member]
Income Statement Balance Sheet And Additional Disclosures By Disposal Groups Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Number of apartment communities		120
Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations [Member] | Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member]
Income Statement Balance Sheet And Additional Disclosures By Disposal Groups Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Number of apartment communities sold		0	7
Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Income Statement Balance Sheet And Additional Disclosures By Disposal Groups Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Number of apartment communities | Community		0
Subsequent Event [Member] | Term Loan [Member]
Income Statement Balance Sheet And Additional Disclosures By Disposal Groups Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Secured term loan | $	$ 350.0
Term loan maturity date	Apr. 20, 2021
Term loan option to extend	1 year
Variable interest rate description	currently bears interest at a 30-day LIBOR plus 1.85%, with a 50-basis point LIBOR floor.
Subsequent Event [Member] | Term Loan [Member] | 30-Day LIBOR [Member]
Income Statement Balance Sheet And Additional Disclosures By Disposal Groups Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Spread on variable interest rate	1.85%
Subsequent Event [Member] | Term Loan [Member] | LIBOR Floor [Member]
Income Statement Balance Sheet And Additional Disclosures By Disposal Groups Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Spread on variable interest rate	0.50%

XML

Organization (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 Property apartment_home shares
Partially Owned Properties [Member]
Organization [Line Items]
Number of apartment communities | Property	124
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	32,846
Percentage of average ownership of portfolio	99.00%
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member]
Organization [Line Items]
Number of apartment communities | Property	120
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	32,704
AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P [Member]
Organization [Line Items]
Common operating partnership units and equivalents outstanding | shares	159,196,780
Common operating partnership units and equivalents outstanding | shares	148,700,407
Percentage of the Aimco Operating Partnership's common partnership units and equivalents owned by Aimco	93.40%
Percentage of economic interest	94.80%

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Distributions in Excess of Earnings	Total Aimco Equity	Noncontrolling Interests In Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships	Common Noncontrolling Interests In Aimco Operating Partnership
Balances at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 1,763,641	$ 125,000	$ 1,446	$ 3,515,686	$ 4,794	$ (1,947,507)	$ 1,699,419	$ (2,967)	$ 67,189
Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		5,000	144,623
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Repurchases of Common Stock	(20,682)		$ (5)	(20,677)			(20,682)
Repurchases of Common Stock (in shares)			(461)
Redemption of Aimco Operating Partnership units	(2,557)						0	0	(2,557)
Amortization of share-based compensation cost	3,238			2,442			2,442		796
Amortization of share-based compensation cost (in shares)			22
Effect of changes in ownership for consolidated entities				(2,168)			(2,168)		2,168
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income	61				57		57		4
Net income	289,361					274,133	274,133	91	15,137
Common Stock dividends	(67,476)					(67,476)	(67,476)
Common Stock issued to Common Stockholders in special dividend			$ 45	(45)
Common Stock issued to Common Stockholders in special dividend (in shares)			4,492
Preferred Stock dividends	(2,148)					(2,148)	(2,148)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(3,244)								(3,244)
Other, net	78		$ 2	57		0	59	19
Other, net (in shares)			82
Balances at Mar. 31, 2019	1,960,272	$ 125,000	$ 1,488	3,495,295	4,851	(1,742,998)	1,883,636	(2,857)	79,493
Balances (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		5,000	148,758
Balances at Dec. 31, 2019	1,860,795	$ 0	$ 1,489	3,497,367	4,195	(1,722,402)	1,780,649	(3,296)	83,442
Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		0	148,885
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Repurchases of Common Stock	(10,004)	$ 0	$ (2)	(10,002)			(10,004)
Repurchases of Common Stock (in shares)			(234)
Redemption of Aimco Operating Partnership units	(969)							0	(969)
Amortization of share-based compensation cost	2,980			1,929			1,929		1,051
Amortization of share-based compensation cost (in shares)			20
Effect of changes in ownership for consolidated entities	0			(769)			(769)		769
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income	(60)				(56)		(56)		(4)
Net income	7,208					6,722	6,722	118	368
Common Stock dividends	(60,825)					(60,825)	(60,825)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(3,228)							(73)	(3,155)
Other, net	(72)			86		0	86	(158)
Other, net (in shares)			29
Balances at Mar. 31, 2020	1,795,548	$ 0	$ 1,487	$ 3,488,611	$ 4,139	(1,776,782)	1,717,455	$ (3,409)	$ 81,502
Balances (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020		0	148,700
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle	$ (277)					$ (277)	$ (277)

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
ASSETS
Buildings and improvements	$ 6,967,143	$ 6,868,543
Land	1,869,465	1,869,048
Total real estate	8,836,608	8,737,591
Accumulated depreciation	(2,810,949)	(2,718,284)
Net real estate	6,025,659	6,019,307
Cash and cash equivalents	340,883	142,902
Restricted cash	33,933	34,800
Mezzanine investment	286,472	280,258
Other assets	361,298	351,472
Total assets	7,048,245	6,828,739
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Non-recourse property debt, net	4,208,687	4,230,590
Revolving credit facility borrowings	593,845	275,000
Total indebtedness	4,802,532	4,505,590
Accrued liabilities and other	349,099	360,574
Total liabilities	5,151,631	4,866,164
Redeemable preferred OP Units	96,449	97,064
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnership	4,617	4,716
Commitments and contingencies (Note 4)
Equity/Partners' Capital:
Common Stock, $0.01 par value, 510,587,500 shares authorized, 148,700,407 and 148,885,197 shares issued/outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	1,487	1,489
Additional paid-in capital	3,488,611	3,497,367
Accumulated other comprehensive income	4,139	4,195
Distributions in excess of earnings	(1,776,782)	(1,722,402)
Total Aimco equity	1,717,455	1,780,649
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships	(3,409)	(3,296)
Common noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership	81,502	83,442
Total equity	1,795,548	1,860,795
Total liabilities and equity	7,048,245	6,828,739
AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]
ASSETS
Buildings and improvements	6,967,143	6,868,543
Land	1,869,465	1,869,048
Total real estate	8,836,608	8,737,591
Accumulated depreciation	(2,810,949)	(2,718,284)
Net real estate	6,025,659	6,019,307
Cash and cash equivalents	340,883	142,902
Restricted cash	33,933	34,800
Mezzanine investment	286,472	280,258
Other assets	361,298	351,472
Total assets	7,048,245	6,828,739
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Non-recourse property debt, net	4,208,687	4,230,590
Revolving credit facility borrowings	593,845	275,000
Total indebtedness	4,802,532	4,505,590
Accrued liabilities and other	349,099	360,574
Total liabilities	5,151,631	4,866,164
Redeemable preferred OP Units	96,449	97,064
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnership	4,617	4,716
Commitments and contingencies (Note 4)
Equity/Partners' Capital:
General Partner and Special Limited Partner	1,717,455	1,780,649
Limited Partners	81,502	83,442
Partners’ capital attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership	1,798,957	1,864,091
Partners' Capital Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest	(3,409)	(3,296)
Total partners’ capital	1,795,548	1,860,795
Total liabilities and equity	$ 7,048,245	$ 6,828,739

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Fair Value Measurements (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized cost of the investment in available-for-sale debt securities	$ 91.7	$ 90.0
Available-for-sale Securities [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Face amount of investment in available-for-sale debt securities	$ 100.9
Expected remaining term of available for sale securities	1 year 2 months 12 days

XML

Business Segments - Summary of Information for Reportable Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Summary information for the reportable segments
Rental and other property revenues	$ 224,552	$ 230,235
Property operating expenses	75,480	78,959
Other operating expenses not allocated to segments	113,410	109,862
Total operating expenses	188,890	188,821
Proportionate property net operating income (loss)	35,662	41,414
Other items included in income before income tax benefit (expense)	(29,918)	252,862
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	5,744	294,276
Segment Reconciling Items [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Rental and other property revenues	8,812	8,292
Property operating expenses	8,175	7,733
Total operating expenses	8,175	7,733
Proportionate property net operating income (loss)	637	559
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	637	559
Corporate Non-Segment [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Rental and other property revenues	(2,888)	12,295
Property operating expenses	7,261	11,863
Other operating expenses not allocated to segments	113,410	109,862
Total operating expenses	120,671	121,725
Proportionate property net operating income (loss)	(123,559)	(109,430)
Other items included in income before income tax benefit (expense)	(29,918)	252,862
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	(153,477)	143,432
Same Store [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Rental and other property revenues	187,956	181,523
Property operating expenses	48,782	48,990
Total operating expenses	48,782	48,990
Proportionate property net operating income (loss)	139,174	132,533
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	139,174	132,533
Redevelopment and Development [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Rental and other property revenues	11,913	14,012
Property operating expenses	4,687	5,255
Total operating expenses	4,687	5,255
Proportionate property net operating income (loss)	7,226	8,757
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	7,226	8,757
Acquisition [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Rental and other property revenues	884	0
Property operating expenses	401	127
Total operating expenses	401	127
Proportionate property net operating income (loss)	483	(127)
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	483	(127)
Other Real Estate [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Rental and other property revenues	17,875	14,113
Property operating expenses	6,174	4,991
Total operating expenses	6,174	4,991
Proportionate property net operating income (loss)	11,701	9,122
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	$ 11,701	$ 9,122

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Significant Transactions (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Significant Transactions [Abstract]

Summary of Apartment Community Dispositions

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, no apartment communities were sold. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 we sold apartment communities as summarized below (dollars in thousands):

	2019
Number of apartment communities sold		7
Number of apartment homes sold		2,206
Gain on dispositions of real estate	$	291,473

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Business Segments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segments

Note 7 — Business Segments

We have four segments: Same Store, Redevelopment and Development, Acquisition, and Other Real Estate.

Our Same Store segment includes communities that have reached a stabilized level of operations as of the beginning of a two-year comparable period and maintained it throughout the current and comparable prior year and are not expected to be sold within 12 months. Our Redevelopment and Development segment includes apartment communities that are currently under construction, and those that have been completed in recent years that have not achieved and maintained stabilized operations for both the current and comparable prior year. Our Acquisition segment includes communities that we have acquired since the beginning of a two-year comparable period. Our Other Real Estate segment primarily includes communities that are subject to limitations on rent increases, communities that we expect to sell within 12 months but do not yet meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale, communities that we expect to redevelop, and certain commercial spaces.

Our chief operating decision maker uses proportionate property net operating income to assess the operating performance of our communities. Proportionate property net operating income reflects our share of rental and other property revenues, excluding utility reimbursements, less direct property operating expenses, net of utility reimbursements, for consolidated

communities. In our condensed consolidated statements of operations, utility reimbursements are included in rental and other property revenues, in accordance with GAAP.

As of March 31, 2020, our Same Store segment included 95 consolidated apartment communities with 28,095 apartment homes; our Redevelopment and Development segment included six consolidated communities with 2,210 homes; our Acquisition segment included one consolidated community with 110 homes, and one consolidated community with 136 homes under construction; and our Other Real Estate segment included 18 communities with 2,289 homes and one office building.

The following tables present the rental and other property revenues, property operating expenses, proportionate property net operating income, and income before income tax benefit (expense) of our segments on a proportionate basis, excluding amounts related to sold communities and our proportionate share of four apartment communities with 142 apartment homes that we neither manage nor consolidate, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition		Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Three months ended March 31, 2020:
Rental and other property revenues	$	187,956	$	11,913	$	884	$	17,875	$	8,812	$	(2,888	)	$	224,552
Property operating expenses		48,782		4,687		401		6,174		8,175		7,261			75,480
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—		—		—		113,410			113,410
Total operating expenses		48,782		4,687		401		6,174		8,175		120,671			188,890
Proportionate property net operating    income (loss)		139,174		7,226		483		11,701		637		(123,559	)		35,662
Other items included in income before    income tax benefit (4)		—		—		—		—		—		(29,918	)		(29,918	)
Income before income tax benefit	$	139,174	$	7,226	$	483	$	11,701	$	637	$	(153,477	)	$	5,744

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition			Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Three months ended March 31, 2019:
Rental and other property revenues	$	181,523	$	14,012	$	—		$	14,113	$	8,292	$	12,295		$	230,235
Property operating expenses		48,990		5,255		127			4,991		7,733		11,863			78,959
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—			—		—		109,862			109,862
Total operating expenses		48,990		5,255		127			4,991		7,733		121,725			188,821
Proportionate property net operating    income (loss)		132,533		8,757		(127	)		9,122		559		(109,430	)		41,414
Other items included in income before    income tax expense (4)		—		—		—			—		—		252,862			252,862
Income before income tax expense	$	132,533	$	8,757	$	(127	)	$	9,122	$	559	$	143,432		$	294,276

(1) Represents adjustments for the noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships’ share of the results of consolidated communities in our segments, which are included in the related consolidated amounts, but excluded from proportionate property net operating income for our segment evaluation. Also includes the reclassification of utility reimbursements from revenues to property operating expenses for the purpose of evaluating segment results. Utility reimbursements are included in rental and other property revenues in our condensed consolidated statements of operations prepared in accordance with GAAP.

(2) Includes the operating results of apartment communities sold during the periods shown or held for sale at the end of the period, if any. Also includes property management expenses and casualty gains and losses, which are included in consolidated property operating expenses and are not part of our segment performance measure. Write-off of straight-line rent receivables, which was recognized due to the impact of COVID-19 and the resulting economic impact on our commercial tenants, is included in consolidated rental and other property revenues. The write-off of straight-line rent is not included in our measurement of segment performance.

(3) Includes depreciation and amortization, general and administrative expenses, and other operating expenses including provision for real estate impairment loss, which are not included in our measure of segment performance.

(4) Includes gain (loss) on dispositions of real estate, mezzanine investment income, interest income, and interest expense.

The assets of our segments and the consolidated assets not allocated to our segments were as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Same Store	$	4,643,371	$	4,679,211
Redevelopment and Development		731,811		694,188
Acquisition		102,217		89,405
Other Real Estate		733,138		736,934
Corporate and other assets (1)		837,708		629,001
Total consolidated assets	$	7,048,245	$	6,828,739

(1) Includes the assets not allocated to our segments, primarily corporate assets and assets of sold apartment communities.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, capital additions related to our segments were as follows (in thousands):

	2020		2019
Same Store	$	27,526	$	35,379
Redevelopment and Development		44,596		36,458
Acquisition		15,343		76
Other Real Estate		6,419		3,477
Total capital additions	$	93,884	$	75,390

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Significant Transactions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Significant Transactions [Abstract]

Significant Transactions

Note 3 — Significant Transactions

Financing Activity

On April 20, 2020, we secured a $350.0 million term loan. The loan matures on April 20, 2021, includes a one-year extension option, and currently bears interest at a 30-day LIBOR plus 1.85%, with a 50-basis point LIBOR floor. Proceeds from the loan were used primarily to repay borrowings on our revolving credit facility.

Dispositions of Apartment Communities

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, no apartment communities were sold. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 we sold apartment communities as summarized below (dollars in thousands):

	2019
Number of apartment communities sold		7
Number of apartment homes sold		2,206
Gain on dispositions of real estate	$	291,473

The apartment communities sold were predominantly located outside of our primary markets or in lower-rated locations within our primary markets and had average revenues per apartment home significantly below those of our retained portfolio.

From time to time we may be marketing for sale certain apartment communities that are inconsistent with our long-term investment strategy. At the end of each reporting period we evaluate whether such communities meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale. As of March 31, 2020, no apartment communities were classified as held for sale.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$ 8,977	$ 291,295
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	100,476	93,565
Loss (gain) on dispositions of real estate	34	(291,473)
Income tax (benefit) expense	(3,233)	2,981
Other adjustments	3,157	3,201
Net changes in operating assets and operating liabilities	(31,995)	(17,952)
Net cash provided by operating activities	77,416	81,617
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of real estate and deposits related to purchases of real estate	(2,733)	(2,236)
Capital expenditures	(94,842)	(85,546)
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate	0	342,083
Purchases of corporate assets	(5,104)	(3,319)
Other investing activities	4,665	1,422
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(98,014)	252,404
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Principal repayments on non-recourse property debt	(22,622)	(19,580)
Net borrowings on (repayments of) revolving credit facility	318,845	(90,360)
Repurchases of Common Stock	(10,004)	(20,682)
Payment of dividends to holders of Preferred Stock	0	(2,148)
Payment of dividends to holders of Common Stock	(61,116)	(67,405)
Payment of distributions to noncontrolling interests	(5,442)	(5,701)
Redemptions of noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership	(1,584)	(2,653)
Other financing activities	(365)	302
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	217,712	(208,227)
NET INCREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH	197,114	125,794
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD	177,702	72,595
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD	374,816	198,389
AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	8,977	291,295
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	100,476	93,565
Loss (gain) on dispositions of real estate	34	(291,473)
Income tax (benefit) expense	(3,233)	2,981
Other adjustments	3,157	3,201
Net changes in operating assets and operating liabilities	(31,995)	(17,952)
Net cash provided by operating activities	77,416	81,617
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of real estate and deposits related to purchases of real estate	(2,733)	(2,236)
Capital expenditures	(94,842)	(85,546)
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate	0	342,083
Purchases of corporate assets	(5,104)	(3,319)
Other investing activities	4,665	1,422
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(98,014)	252,404
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Principal repayments on non-recourse property debt	(22,622)	(19,580)
Net borrowings on (repayments of) revolving credit facility	318,845	(90,360)
Repurchases of Common Stock	(10,004)	(20,682)
Payment of distributions to General Partner and Special Limited Partner	(61,116)	(67,405)
Payment of distributions to Limited Partners	(3,492)	(3,767)
Payment of dividends to holders of Preferred Stock	(1,869)	(4,082)
Payment of distributions to noncontrolling interests	(81)	0
Redemption of common and preferred units	(1,584)	(2,653)
Other financing activities	(365)	302
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	217,712	(208,227)
NET INCREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH	197,114	125,794
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD	177,702	72,595
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD	$ 374,816	$ 198,389

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) (Unaudited) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common Stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common Stock, shares authorized (in shares)	510,587,500	510,587,500
Common Stock, shares issued (in shares)	148,700,407	148,885,197
Common Stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	148,700,407	148,885,197

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Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Fair Value for AFS Debt Securities (Details) - Fair value recurring [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
AFS debt securities	$ 95,906	$ 94,251
Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
AFS debt securities	0	0
Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
AFS debt securities	95,906	94,251
Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
AFS debt securities	$ 0	$ 0

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Business Segments - Reconciliation of Assets from Segment to Consolidated (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 7,048,245	$ 6,828,739
Corporate Non-Segment [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	837,708	629,001
Same Store [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	4,643,371	4,679,211
Redevelopment and Development [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	731,811	694,188
Acquisition [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	102,217	89,405
Other Real Estate [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 733,138	$ 736,934

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Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Note 6 — Fair Value Measurements

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

We measure at fair value on a recurring basis our investments in the securitization trust that holds certain of our property debt, which we classify as AFS debt securities. These investments are presented within other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. We hold several positions in the securitization trust that pay interest currently and we also hold the first loss position in the securitization trust, which accrues interest over the term of the investment. These investments were acquired at a discount to face value and we are accreting the discount to the $100.9 million face value of the investments through interest income using the effective interest method over the remaining expected term of the investments, which as of March 31, 2020, was approximately 1.2 years. Our amortized cost basis for these investments, which represents the original cost adjusted for interest accretion less interest payments received, was $91.7 million and $90.0 million as of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Our investments in AFS debt securities are classified within Level 2 of the GAAP fair value hierarchy. We estimate the fair value of these investments using an income and market approach with primarily observable inputs, including yields and other information regarding similar types of investments, and adjusted for certain unobservable inputs specific to these investments. The fair value of the positions that pay interest currently typically moves in an inverse relationship with movements in interest rates. The fair value of the first loss position is primarily correlated to collateral quality and demand for similar subordinate commercial mortgage-backed securities.

The following table summarizes fair value for our AFS debt securities (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2020								As of December 31, 2019
	Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
AFS debt securities	$	95,906	$	—	$	95,906	$	—	$	94,251	$	—	$	94,251	$	—

Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements

We believe that the carrying value of the consolidated amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximated their fair value as of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, due to their relatively short-term nature and high probability of realization. The carrying amounts of notes receivable and the revolving credit facility approximated their estimated fair value as of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019. We estimate the fair value of our non-recourse property debt using an income and market approach, including comparison of the contractual terms to observable and unobservable inputs such as market interest rate risk spreads, contractual interest rates, remaining periods to maturity, collateral quality and loan to value ratios on similarly encumbered apartment communities within our portfolio. We classify the fair value of our non-recourse property debt within Level 2 of the GAAP valuation hierarchy based on the significance of certain of the unobservable inputs used to estimate its fair value.

The following table summarizes carrying value and fair value for our non-recourse property debt (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2020				As of December 31, 2019
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Non-recourse property debt	$	4,228,440	$	4,166,396	$	4,251,339	$	4,298,630

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2 — Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations, although management believes the disclosures are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2020, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020.

The condensed consolidated balance sheets of Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership at December 31, 2019, have been derived from their respective audited financial statements at that date, but do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the financial statements and notes thereto included in Aimco’s and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s combined Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Except where indicated, the footnotes refer to both Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership.

Principles of Consolidation

Aimco’s accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aimco, the Aimco Operating Partnership, and their consolidated subsidiaries. The Aimco Operating Partnership’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Aimco Operating Partnership and its consolidated subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

We consolidate a variable interest entity, or VIE, in which we are considered the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the entity that has (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, Aimco consolidated six VIEs, in addition to the Aimco Operating Partnership.

As used herein, and except where the context otherwise requires, “partnership” refers to a limited partnership or a limited liability company and “partner” refers to a partner in a limited partnership or a member of a limited liability company. Interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by limited partners other than Aimco are reflected in Aimco’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership. Interests in partnerships consolidated by the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by third parties are reflected in our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships.

We have an interest in a partnership that owns Parkmerced Apartments, which meets the definition of a VIE. However, we are not the primary beneficiary and do not consolidate this partnership. We loaned $275 million to the partnership, which accrues interest at 10% per annum with a five-year term and the right to extend for a second five-year term. Our investment balance of $286.5 million, reflected in mezzanine investment in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, primarily consists of notes receivable and represents our maximum exposure to loss in this VIE.

Redeemable Preferred OP Units

As described in Note 5, the preferred OP Units may be redeemed at the holder’s option and are therefore presented within temporary equity in Aimco’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and within temporary capital in the Aimco Operating Partnership’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents a reconciliation of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s preferred OP Units from December 31, 2019, to March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

	2020
Balance at December 31	$	97,064
Preferred distributions		(1,869	)
Redemption of preferred units		(615	)
Net income		1,869
Balance at March 31	$	96,449

The Aimco Operating Partnership has outstanding various classes of redeemable preferred OP Units. As of March 31, 2020, the Aimco Operating Partnership had 3,618,802 redeemable preferred OP Units issued and outstanding with a total redemption value of $96.4 million. Distributions per annum range from 1.92% to 8.75% per class and from $0.48 to $8.00 per unit.

Revenue from Leases

The majority of lease payments we receive from our residents and tenants are fixed. We receive variable payments from our residents and commercial tenants primarily for utility reimbursements. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, our total lease income was comprised of the following amounts for all operating leases (in thousands):

	2020		2019
Fixed lease income	$	213,416	$	215,581
Variable lease income		13,615		14,144
Total lease income	$	227,031	$	229,725

We monitor the collectability of unpaid rent obligations and due to the impact of COVID-19 and the resulting economic impact on our commercial tenants, we recognized a write-off of straight-line rent receivables and deferred leasing costs of $2.9 million and $2.2 million, respectively. The write-off of the straight-line rent receivables is not included in the fixed lease income in the table above.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts included in the financial statements and accompanying notes thereto. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications and Revisions

For the 2020 presentation of our condensed consolidated statements of operations, we have added a caption for investment management expenses. We have reclassified certain items from property operating expenses, general and administrative expenses, and other expenses, net, in our 2019 presentation to conform to the current presentation.

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in the Current Year

On January 1, 2020, we adopted ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, which changes the method and timing of the recognition of credit losses on financial assets. The standard requires us to estimate and record credit losses over the life of a financial instrument, including receivables, at its inception. Our notes receivable and investments in available for sale, or AFS, debt securities are subject to the new standard. For AFS debt securities, the new standard requires us to estimate a credit loss if the fair value of the instruments is less than the carrying value of the instruments.

We adopted the credit loss standard using the modified-retrospective approach. We recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment for the estimated credit loss associated with our notes receivable of $0.3 million in distributions in excess of earnings and partners’ capital in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of January 1, 2020. As of the date of adoption, the fair value of our AFS debt securities exceeded their carrying value and no estimate of credit loss was required for these instruments.

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Preferred OP Units

As described in Note 5, the preferred OP Units may be redeemed at the holder’s option and are therefore presented within temporary equity in Aimco’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and within temporary capital in the Aimco Operating Partnership’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents a reconciliation of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s preferred OP Units from December 31, 2019, to March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

	2020
Balance at December 31	$	97,064
Preferred distributions		(1,869	)
Redemption of preferred units		(615	)
Net income		1,869
Balance at March 31	$	96,449

Lease Income for Operating Leases

The majority of lease payments we receive from our residents and tenants are fixed. We receive variable payments from our residents and commercial tenants primarily for utility reimbursements. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, our total lease income was comprised of the following amounts for all operating leases (in thousands):

	2020		2019
Fixed lease income	$	213,416	$	215,581
Variable lease income		13,615		14,144
Total lease income	$	227,031	$	229,725

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Lease Income for Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Fixed lease income	$ 213,416	$ 215,581
Variable lease income	13,615	14,144
Total lease income	$ 227,031	$ 229,725

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Business Segments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Summary of Information for Reportable Segments

The following tables present the rental and other property revenues, property operating expenses, proportionate property net operating income, and income before income tax benefit (expense) of our segments on a proportionate basis, excluding amounts related to sold communities and our proportionate share of four apartment communities with 142 apartment homes that we neither manage nor consolidate, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition		Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Three months ended March 31, 2020:
Rental and other property revenues	$	187,956	$	11,913	$	884	$	17,875	$	8,812	$	(2,888	)	$	224,552
Property operating expenses		48,782		4,687		401		6,174		8,175		7,261			75,480
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—		—		—		113,410			113,410
Total operating expenses		48,782		4,687		401		6,174		8,175		120,671			188,890
Proportionate property net operating    income (loss)		139,174		7,226		483		11,701		637		(123,559	)		35,662
Other items included in income before    income tax benefit (4)		—		—		—		—		—		(29,918	)		(29,918	)
Income before income tax benefit	$	139,174	$	7,226	$	483	$	11,701	$	637	$	(153,477	)	$	5,744

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition			Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Three months ended March 31, 2019:
Rental and other property revenues	$	181,523	$	14,012	$	—		$	14,113	$	8,292	$	12,295		$	230,235
Property operating expenses		48,990		5,255		127			4,991		7,733		11,863			78,959
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—			—		—		109,862			109,862
Total operating expenses		48,990		5,255		127			4,991		7,733		121,725			188,821
Proportionate property net operating    income (loss)		132,533		8,757		(127	)		9,122		559		(109,430	)		41,414
Other items included in income before    income tax expense (4)		—		—		—			—		—		252,862			252,862
Income before income tax expense	$	132,533	$	8,757	$	(127	)	$	9,122	$	559	$	143,432		$	294,276

(1) Represents adjustments for the noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships’ share of the results of consolidated communities in our segments, which are included in the related consolidated amounts, but excluded from proportionate property net operating income for our segment evaluation. Also includes the reclassification of utility reimbursements from revenues to property operating expenses for the purpose of evaluating segment results. Utility reimbursements are included in rental and other property revenues in our condensed consolidated statements of operations prepared in accordance with GAAP.

(2) Includes the operating results of apartment communities sold during the periods shown or held for sale at the end of the period, if any. Also includes property management expenses and casualty gains and losses, which are included in consolidated property operating expenses and are not part of our segment performance measure. Write-off of straight-line rent receivables, which was recognized due to the impact of COVID-19 and the resulting economic impact on our commercial tenants, is included in consolidated rental and other property revenues. The write-off of straight-line rent is not included in our measurement of segment performance.

(3) Includes depreciation and amortization, general and administrative expenses, and other operating expenses including provision for real estate impairment loss, which are not included in our measure of segment performance.

(4) Includes gain (loss) on dispositions of real estate, mezzanine investment income, interest income, and interest expense.

Reconciliation of Assets from Segment to Consolidated

The assets of our segments and the consolidated assets not allocated to our segments were as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Same Store	$	4,643,371	$	4,679,211
Redevelopment and Development		731,811		694,188
Acquisition		102,217		89,405
Other Real Estate		733,138		736,934
Corporate and other assets (1)		837,708		629,001
Total consolidated assets	$	7,048,245	$	6,828,739

(1) Includes the assets not allocated to our segments, primarily corporate assets and assets of sold apartment communities.

Capital Additions Related to Segments

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, capital additions related to our segments were as follows (in thousands):

	2020		2019
Same Store	$	27,526	$	35,379
Redevelopment and Development		44,596		36,458
Acquisition		15,343		76
Other Real Estate		6,419		3,477
Total capital additions	$	93,884	$	75,390

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Net income	$ 8,977	$ 291,295
Unrealized (losses) gains on available for sale debt securities	(60)	61
Comprehensive income	8,917	291,356
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(2,251)	(17,166)
Comprehensive income attributable to Aimco/Operating Partnership	6,666	274,190
AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]
Net income	8,977	291,295
Unrealized (losses) gains on available for sale debt securities	(60)	61
Comprehensive income	8,917	291,356
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(18)	(91)
Comprehensive income attributable to Aimco/Operating Partnership	$ 8,899	$ 291,265

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Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	May 06, 2020
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	APARTMENT INVESTMENT & MANAGEMENT CO
Entity Central Index Key	0000922864
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2020
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Trading Symbol	AIV
Entity File Number	1-13232
Entity Tax Identification Number	84-1259577
Entity Address, State or Province	MD
Entity Address, Address Line One	4582 South Ulster Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 1700
Entity Address, City or Town	Denver
Entity Address, State or Province	CO
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	80237
City Area Code	303
Local Phone Number	757-8101
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		148,864,145
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock (Aimco Investment and Management Company)
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	AIMCO PROPERTIES LP
Entity Central Index Key	0000926660
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2020
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity File Number	0-24497
Entity Tax Identification Number	84-1275621
Entity Address, State or Province	DE
Entity Address, Address Line One	4582 South Ulster Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 1700
Entity Address, City or Town	Denver
Entity Address, State or Province	CO
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	80237
City Area Code	303
Local Phone Number	757-8101

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Organization

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization

Note 1 — Organization

Apartment Investment and Management Company, or Aimco, is a Maryland corporation incorporated on January 10, 1994. Aimco is a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT. AIMCO Properties, L.P., or the Aimco Operating Partnership, is a Delaware limited partnership formed on May 16, 1994, to conduct our business, which is focused on the ownership, management, redevelopment, and some development of quality apartment communities located in several of the largest markets in the United States.

Aimco, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, AIMCO-GP, Inc. and AIMCO-LP Trust, holds a majority of the ownership interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership. Aimco conducts all of its business and owns all of its assets through the Aimco Operating Partnership. Interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by limited partners other than Aimco are referred to as OP Units. OP Units include common partnership units, which we refer to as common OP Units, as well as preferred partnership units, which we refer to as preferred OP Units. As of March 31, 2020, after elimination of units held by consolidated subsidiaries, the Aimco Operating Partnership had 159,196,780 common OP Units outstanding. As of March 31, 2020, Aimco owned 148,700,407 of the common OP Units of the Aimco Operating Partnership and Aimco had an equal number of shares of its Class A Common Stock outstanding, which we refer to as Common Stock. Aimco’s ownership of the total common OP units outstanding represents a 93.4% legal interest in the Aimco Operating Partnership and a 94.8% economic interest.

Except as the context otherwise requires, “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Aimco, the Aimco Operating Partnership, and their consolidated subsidiaries, collectively.

We own and operate a portfolio of apartment communities, diversified by both geography and price point, in 17 states and the District of Columbia. As of March 31, 2020, our portfolio included 124 apartment communities with 32,846 apartment homes in which we held an average ownership of approximately 99%. We consolidated 120 of these apartment communities with 32,704 apartment homes.

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Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Note 8 – Subsequent Events

In December 2019, COVID-19 was first identified during an investigation into an outbreak in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted global economic activity and caused significant volatility and negative pressure in financial markets. Many states and local jurisdictions have reacted by instituting a wide variety of measures including states of emergency, mandatory quarantines, required business and school closures, implementing “shelter in place” orders, and restricting travel. In addition, many cities and states have enacted, or are considering enacting, protections for residents and commercial tenants, including government mandated rent delays, other abatement measures or concessions, and prohibitions on lease terminations or evictions for tenants. Many experts predict that the outbreak will trigger a period of material global economic slowdown or a global recession.

We will continue to monitor impairments of our real estate assets, impairment of our mezzanine loan investment, and estimates of bad debt on rental income. The unknown duration of the pandemic, any limitations that prevent us from enforcing our legal right, and the resulting economy are expected to likely result in increased bad debt and lower occupancy, negatively impacting our results. We will continue to monitor the collectability of all unpaid commercial rent obligations and may be required to make further write-offs in the future. Additionally, we will continue to monitor economic and market conditions and provide no assurance that a prolonged recession will not result in a non-cash impairment loss in the future.

On April 10, 2020, the FASB issued a Staff Q&A to respond to some frequently asked questions about accounting for lease concessions, including deferrals or reductions of future lease payments. Consequently, in accordance with the Staff Q&A issued by the FASB, we may elect to not follow lease modification accounting for concessions related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We are currently working with tenants impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and will continue to evaluate the accounting impact of future lease concessions.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 4 — Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

In connection with our redevelopment, development and other capital additions activities, we have entered into various construction-related contracts and we have made commitments to complete redevelopment and development of certain apartment communities, pursuant to financing or other arrangements. As of March 31, 2020, our commitments related to these capital activities totaled approximately $219.0 million, most of which we expect to incur during the next 12 months.

We enter into certain commitments for future purchases of goods and services in connection with the operations of our apartment communities. Those commitments generally have terms of one year or less and reflect expenditure levels comparable to our historical expenditures.

Legal Matters

In addition to the matters described below, we are a party to various legal actions and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which are covered by our general liability insurance program, and none of which we expect to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Environmental

Various federal, state and local laws subject apartment community owners or operators to liability for management, and the costs of removal or remediation, of certain potentially hazardous materials that may be present in the land or buildings of an apartment community. Such laws often impose liability without regard to fault or whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such materials. The presence of, or the failure to manage or remediate properly, these materials may adversely affect occupancy at such apartment communities as well as the ability to sell or finance such apartment communities. In addition, governmental agencies may bring claims for costs associated with investigation and remediation actions. Moreover, private plaintiffs may potentially make claims for investigation and remediation costs they incur or for personal injury, disease, disability or other infirmities related to the alleged presence of hazardous materials. In addition to potential environmental liabilities or costs associated with our current apartment communities, we may also be responsible for such liabilities or costs associated with communities we acquire or manage in the future, or apartment communities we no longer own or operate.

We are engaged in discussions with the Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, regarding contaminated groundwater near an Indiana apartment community that has not been owned by us since 2008. The contamination allegedly derives from a dry cleaner that operated on our former property, prior to our ownership. We undertook a voluntary remediation of the dry cleaner contamination under state oversight. In 2016, EPA listed our former community and a number of residential communities in the vicinity on the National Priorities List, or NPL (i.e., as a Superfund site). In May 2018, we prevailed on our federal judicial appeal vacating the Superfund listing. We continue to work with EPA to formulate a scope of work and agreed order to finish clean up of the site outside the Superfund program. Although the outcome of these processes are uncertain, we do not expect their resolution to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We also have a contingent environmental liability related to a property in Lake Tahoe, California. An entity owned by us was the former general partner of a now-dissolved partnership that previously owned a site where a laundromat, with a self-service dry-cleaning machine, operated. That entity and the current property owner have been remediating the site since 2009, under the oversight of the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board, or Lahontan. In May 2017, Lahontan issued a final cleanup and abatement order that names four potentially-responsible parties, acknowledges that there may be additional responsible parties, and requires the named parties to perform additional groundwater investigation and corrective actions with respect to onsite and offsite contamination. We are appealing the final order while simultaneously complying with it. Although the outcome of this process is uncertain, we do not expect its resolution to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We have determined that our legal obligations to remove or remediate certain potentially hazardous materials may be conditional asset retirement obligations, as defined by GAAP. Except in limited circumstances where the asset retirement activities are expected to be performed in connection with a planned construction project or apartment community casualty, we believe that the fair value of our asset retirement obligations cannot be reasonably estimated due to significant uncertainties in the timing and manner of settlement of those obligations. Asset retirement obligations that are reasonably estimable as of March 31, 2020, are immaterial to our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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Earnings and Dividends per Share and Unit (Details Textual) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands, shares in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares
Schedule of Earnings Per Share and Dividends Per Share [Line Items]
Number of shares potentially redeemable for (in shares) | shares	2.7
Dividends paid (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.41	$ 2.02
Distributions paid (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.41	$ 2.02
Special dividend	$ 60,825	$ 67,476
Equity reverse stock split	1.03119
AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]
Schedule of Earnings Per Share and Dividends Per Share [Line Items]
Special distribution	$ 63,980	70,720
AIMCO Properties, LP [Member] | General Partner and Special Limited Partner [Member]
Schedule of Earnings Per Share and Dividends Per Share [Line Items]
Special distribution	$ 60,825	$ 67,476
Special Dividend and Special Distribution [Member]
Schedule of Earnings Per Share and Dividends Per Share [Line Items]
Dividends paid (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.02
Special Dividend Paid [Member]
Schedule of Earnings Per Share and Dividends Per Share [Line Items]
Special dividend	$ 67,100
Common shares issued in special dividend (in shares) | shares	4.5
Special dividend, cash paid in lieu of fractional shares	$ 400
Special Cash Distribution [Member] | AIMCO Properties, LP [Member] | General Partner and Special Limited Partner [Member]
Schedule of Earnings Per Share and Dividends Per Share [Line Items]
Special distribution	$ 72,700
Units issued in special dividend (in shares) | shares	4.8
Special distribution, cash paid in lieu of fractional shares	$ 400

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Business Segments (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 Property apartment_home Segment office_building
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments | Segment	4
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member]
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of owned and managed apartment communities in segments | Property	120
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	32,704
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member] | Same Store [Member]
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of owned and managed apartment communities in segments | Property	95
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	28,095
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member] | Redevelopment and Development [Member]
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of owned and managed apartment communities in segments | Property	6
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	2,210
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member] | Acquisition [Member]
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of owned and managed apartment communities in segments | Property	1
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	110
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member] | Other Real Estate [Member]
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of owned and managed apartment communities in segments | Property	18
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	2,289
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member] | Other Real Estate [Member] | Office Building [Member]
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of owned and managed apartment communities in segments | office_building	1
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member] | Under Construction [Member] | Acquisition [Member]
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of owned and managed apartment communities in segments | Property	1
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	136
Unconsolidated Properties [Member]
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of owned and managed apartment communities in segments | Property	4
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	142

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Significant Transactions - Summary of Apartment Community Dispositions (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($) Property	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($) Property apartment_home
Income Statement Balance Sheet And Additional Disclosures By Disposal Groups Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Gain on dispositions of real estate	$ (34)	$ 291,473
Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations [Member] | Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member]
Income Statement Balance Sheet And Additional Disclosures By Disposal Groups Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Number of apartment communities sold | Property	0	7
Number of apartment homes sold | apartment_home		2,206
Gain on dispositions of real estate		$ 291,473

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($) Entity $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2019 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) Entity
Income Statement Balance Sheet And Additional Disclosures By Disposal Groups Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Number of consolidated variable interest entities | Entity	6		6
Mezzanine investment	$ 286,472,000		$ 280,258,000
Distributions per annum (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.41	$ 2.02
Write off of straight line rent receivables	$ 2,900,000
Deferred leasing costs	2,200,000
Estimate of credit loss	0
ASC 326 [Member]
Income Statement Balance Sheet And Additional Disclosures By Disposal Groups Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Cumulative effect adjustment for estimated credit loss	$ (300,000)
AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P [Member]
Income Statement Balance Sheet And Additional Disclosures By Disposal Groups Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Units issued (in shares) | shares	3,618,802
Units outstanding (in shares) | shares	3,618,802
Redemption values	$ 96,400,000
AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Income Statement Balance Sheet And Additional Disclosures By Disposal Groups Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Distributions per annum	1.92%
Distributions per annum (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.48
AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Income Statement Balance Sheet And Additional Disclosures By Disposal Groups Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Distributions per annum	8.75%
Distributions per annum (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 8.00
Parkmerced Investment [Member]
Income Statement Balance Sheet And Additional Disclosures By Disposal Groups Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Investment owned amount	$ 275,000,000
Equity method investment, interest rate percentage	10.00%
Equity method investment, term	5 years
Equity method investment, right to extend term	5 years
Mezzanine investment	$ 286,500

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Earnings and Dividends per Share and Unit (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Effect of Dilutive Securities and Securities not Dilutive

Reconciliations of the numerator and denominator in the calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share and per unit for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (in thousands, except per share and per unit data):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Earnings per share
Numerator:
Basic and dilutive net income attributable to Aimco common stockholders	$	6,679	$	271,568
Denominator - shares:
Basic weighted-average Common Stock outstanding		148,518		144,232
Dilutive share equivalents outstanding		268		213
Dilutive weighted-average Common Stock outstanding		148,786		144,445
Earnings per share – basic	$	0.04	$	1.88
Earnings per share – dilutive	$	0.04	$	1.88
Non-dilutive share equivalents outstanding		97		36
Earnings per unit
Numerator:
Basic and dilutive net income attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership's    common unitholders	$	7,047	$	286,639
Denominator - units
Basic weighted-average common partnership units outstanding		156,660		152,303
Dilutive partnership unit equivalents outstanding		343		329
Dilutive weighted-average common partnership units outstanding		157,003		152,632
Earnings per unit – basic	$	0.04	$	1.88
Earnings per unit – dilutive	$	0.04	$	1.88
Non-dilutive partnership unit equivalents outstanding		1,847		229

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Reconciliation of Preferred OP Units (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Balance at December 31	$ 97,064
Balance at March 31	96,449
AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P [Member]
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Balance at December 31	97,064
Preferred distributions	(1,869)
Redemption of preferred units	(615)
Net income	1,869
Balance at March 31	$ 96,449

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Fair Value for AFS Debt Securities

The following table summarizes fair value for our AFS debt securities (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2020								As of December 31, 2019
	Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
AFS debt securities	$	95,906	$	—	$	95,906	$	—	$	94,251	$	—	$	94,251	$	—

Summary of Carrying Value and Fair Value of Non-recourse Property Debt

The following table summarizes carrying value and fair value for our non-recourse property debt (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2020				As of December 31, 2019
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Non-recourse property debt	$	4,228,440	$	4,166,396	$	4,251,339	$	4,298,630

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	May 31, 2017 Party	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Number of potentially-responsible parties | Party	4
Commitments related to development, redevelopment and capital improvement activities [Member]
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Commitments related to capital spending activities | $		$ 219.0
Time Period of Long-term Purchase Commitment		12 months
Commitments related to operations [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Time Period of Long-term Purchase Commitment		1 year

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Partners' Capital - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]	AIMCO Properties, LP [Member] Preferred Units [Member]	AIMCO Properties, LP [Member] General Partner and Special Limited Partner [Member]	AIMCO Properties, LP [Member] Limited Partners [Member]	AIMCO Properties, LP [Member] Partners Capital Attributable To The Partnership [Member]	AIMCO Properties, LP [Member] Noncontrolling Interests In Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships
Balances at Dec. 31, 2018		$ 1,763,641	$ 125,000	$ 1,574,419	$ 67,189	$ 1,766,608	$ (2,967)
Increase (Decrease) in Partners' Capital [Roll Forward]
Repurchases of common partnership units		(20,682)		(20,682)		(20,682)
Redemption of Aimco Operating Partnership units		(2,557)			(2,557)	(2,557)
Amortization of share-based compensation cost		3,238		2,442	796	3,238
Effect of changes in ownership of consolidated entities				(2,168)	2,168
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income	$ 61	61		57	4	61
Net income	289,361	289,361		274,133	15,137	289,270	91
Distributions paid to common unitholders		(70,720)		(67,476)	(3,244)	(70,720)
Distributions paid to preferred unitholders		(2,148)		(2,148)		(2,148)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(3,244)
Other, net		78		59		59	19
Balances at Mar. 31, 2019		1,960,272	$ 125,000	1,758,636	79,493	1,963,129	(2,857)
Balances at Dec. 31, 2019		1,860,795		1,780,649	83,442	1,864,091	(3,296)
Increase (Decrease) in Partners' Capital [Roll Forward]
Repurchases of common partnership units		(10,004)		(10,004)		(10,004)
Redemption of Aimco Operating Partnership units		(969)			(969)	(969)
Amortization of share-based compensation cost		2,980		1,929	1,051	2,980
Effect of changes in ownership of consolidated entities				(769)	769
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income	(60)	(60)		(56)	(4)	(60)
Net income	7,208	7,208		6,722	368	7,090	118
Distributions paid to common unitholders		(63,980)		(60,825)	(3,155)	(63,980)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(3,228)	(73)					(73)
Other, net		(72)		86		86	(158)
Balances at Mar. 31, 2020		1,795,548		1,717,455	$ 81,502	1,798,957	$ (3,409)
Increase (Decrease) in Partners' Capital [Roll Forward]
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle	$ (277)	$ (277)		$ (277)		$ (277)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
REVENUES
Rental and other property revenues	$ 224,552	$ 230,235
OPERATING EXPENSES
Property operating expenses	75,480	78,959
Depreciation and amortization	100,476	93,565
General and administrative expenses	10,108	9,829
Investment management expenses	1,184	1,332
Other expenses, net	1,642	5,136
Total operating expenses	188,890	188,821
Interest income	4,523	2,726
Interest expense	(41,336)	(41,409)
(Loss) gain on dispositions of real estate	(34)	291,473
Mezzanine / Unconsolidated partnerships investment income, net	6,747	0
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	5,744	294,276
Income tax benefit (expense)	3,233	(2,981)
Net income	8,977	291,295
Noncontrolling interests:
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships	(18)	(91)
Net income attributable to preferred noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership	(1,869)	(1,934)
Net income attributable to common noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership	(368)	(15,137)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(2,255)	(17,162)
Net income attributable to the company	6,722	274,133
Net income attributable to the company's preferred equity holders	0	(2,148)
Net income attributable to participating securities	(43)	(417)
Net income attributable to the company's common equity holders	$ 6,679	$ 271,568
Net income attributable to Aimco per common share – basic and diluted	$ 0.04	$ 1.88
Weighted average common shares/units outstanding - basic	148,518	144,232
Weighted average common shares/units outstanding - diluted	148,786	144,445
AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]
REVENUES
Rental and other property revenues	$ 224,552	$ 230,235
OPERATING EXPENSES
Property operating expenses	75,480	78,959
Depreciation and amortization	100,476	93,565
General and administrative expenses	10,108	9,829
Investment management expenses	1,184	1,332
Other expenses, net	1,642	5,136
Total operating expenses	188,890	188,821
Interest income	4,523	2,726
Interest expense	(41,336)	(41,409)
(Loss) gain on dispositions of real estate	(34)	291,473
Mezzanine / Unconsolidated partnerships investment income, net	6,747	0
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	5,744	294,276
Income tax benefit (expense)	3,233	(2,981)
Net income	8,977	291,295
Noncontrolling interests:
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships	(18)	(91)
Net income attributable to preferred noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership	(1,869)	(4,082)
Net income attributable to the company	8,959	291,204
Net income attributable to participating securities	(43)	(483)
Net income attributable to the company's common equity holders	$ 7,047	$ 286,639
Net income attributable to Aimco per common share – basic and diluted	$ 0.04	$ 1.88
Weighted average common shares/units outstanding - basic	156,660	152,303
Weighted average common shares/units outstanding - diluted	157,003	152,632
Unconsolidated Real Estate Partnerships [Member]
OPERATING EXPENSES
Mezzanine / Unconsolidated partnerships investment income, net	$ 182	$ 72
Unconsolidated Real Estate Partnerships [Member] | AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]
OPERATING EXPENSES
Mezzanine / Unconsolidated partnerships investment income, net	$ 182	$ 72

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations, although management believes the disclosures are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2020, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020.

The condensed consolidated balance sheets of Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership at December 31, 2019, have been derived from their respective audited financial statements at that date, but do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the financial statements and notes thereto included in Aimco’s and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s combined Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Except where indicated, the footnotes refer to both Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

Aimco’s accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aimco, the Aimco Operating Partnership, and their consolidated subsidiaries. The Aimco Operating Partnership’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Aimco Operating Partnership and its consolidated subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

We consolidate a variable interest entity, or VIE, in which we are considered the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the entity that has (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, Aimco consolidated six VIEs, in addition to the Aimco Operating Partnership.

As used herein, and except where the context otherwise requires, “partnership” refers to a limited partnership or a limited liability company and “partner” refers to a partner in a limited partnership or a member of a limited liability company. Interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by limited partners other than Aimco are reflected in Aimco’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership. Interests in partnerships consolidated by the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by third parties are reflected in our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships.

We have an interest in a partnership that owns Parkmerced Apartments, which meets the definition of a VIE. However, we are not the primary beneficiary and do not consolidate this partnership. We loaned $275 million to the partnership, which accrues interest at 10% per annum with a five-year term and the right to extend for a second five-year term. Our investment balance of $286.5 million, reflected in mezzanine investment in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, primarily consists of notes receivable and represents our maximum exposure to loss in this VIE.

Redeemable Preferred OP Units

Redeemable Preferred OP Units

As described in Note 5, the preferred OP Units may be redeemed at the holder’s option and are therefore presented within temporary equity in Aimco’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and within temporary capital in the Aimco Operating Partnership’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents a reconciliation of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s preferred OP Units from December 31, 2019, to March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

	2020
Balance at December 31	$	97,064
Preferred distributions		(1,869	)
Redemption of preferred units		(615	)
Net income		1,869
Balance at March 31	$	96,449

The Aimco Operating Partnership has outstanding various classes of redeemable preferred OP Units. As of March 31, 2020, the Aimco Operating Partnership had 3,618,802 redeemable preferred OP Units issued and outstanding with a total redemption value of $96.4 million. Distributions per annum range from 1.92% to 8.75% per class and from $0.48 to $8.00 per unit.

Revenue from Leases

Revenue from Leases

The majority of lease payments we receive from our residents and tenants are fixed. We receive variable payments from our residents and commercial tenants primarily for utility reimbursements. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, our total lease income was comprised of the following amounts for all operating leases (in thousands):

	2020		2019
Fixed lease income	$	213,416	$	215,581
Variable lease income		13,615		14,144
Total lease income	$	227,031	$	229,725

We monitor the collectability of unpaid rent obligations and due to the impact of COVID-19 and the resulting economic impact on our commercial tenants, we recognized a write-off of straight-line rent receivables and deferred leasing costs of $2.9 million and $2.2 million, respectively. The write-off of the straight-line rent receivables is not included in the fixed lease income in the table above.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts included in the financial statements and accompanying notes thereto. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications and Revisions

Reclassifications and Revisions

For the 2020 presentation of our condensed consolidated statements of operations, we have added a caption for investment management expenses. We have reclassified certain items from property operating expenses, general and administrative expenses, and other expenses, net, in our 2019 presentation to conform to the current presentation.

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in the Current Year

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in the Current Year

On January 1, 2020, we adopted ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, which changes the method and timing of the recognition of credit losses on financial assets. The standard requires us to estimate and record credit losses over the life of a financial instrument, including receivables, at its inception. Our notes receivable and investments in available for sale, or AFS, debt securities are subject to the new standard. For AFS debt securities, the new standard requires us to estimate a credit loss if the fair value of the instruments is less than the carrying value of the instruments.

We adopted the credit loss standard using the modified-retrospective approach. We recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment for the estimated credit loss associated with our notes receivable of $0.3 million in distributions in excess of earnings and partners’ capital in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of January 1, 2020. As of the date of adoption, the fair value of our AFS debt securities exceeded their carrying value and no estimate of credit loss was required for these instruments.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

We measure at fair value on a recurring basis our investments in the securitization trust that holds certain of our property debt, which we classify as AFS debt securities.We estimate the fair value of these investments using an income and market approach with primarily observable inputs, including yields and other information regarding similar types of investments, and adjusted for certain unobservable inputs specific to these investments. The fair value of the positions that pay interest currently typically moves in an inverse relationship with movements in interest rates. The fair value of the first loss position is primarily correlated to collateral quality and demand for similar subordinate commercial mortgage-backed securities.

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Earnings and Dividends per Share and Unit

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings and Dividends per Share and Unit

Note 5 — Earnings and Dividends per Share and Unit

Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership calculate basic earnings per common share and basic earnings per common unit based on the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock and common partnership units outstanding. We calculate diluted earnings per share and diluted earnings per unit taking into consideration dilutive common stock and common partnership unit equivalents and dilutive convertible securities outstanding during the period.

Our common stock and common partnership unit equivalents include options to purchase shares of Common Stock, which, if exercised, would result in Aimco’s issuance of additional shares and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s issuance to Aimco of additional common partnership units equal to the number of shares purchased under the options. These equivalents also include unvested total shareholder return, or TSR, restricted stock awards that do not meet the definition of participating securities, which would result in an increase in the number of shares of Common Stock and common partnership units outstanding equal to the number of shares that vest. Common partnership unit equivalents also include unvested long-term incentive partnership units. We include in the denominator securities with dilutive effect in calculating diluted earnings per share and per unit during these periods.

Our restricted stock awards that are subject to time-based vesting receive non-forfeitable dividends similar to shares of Common Stock and common partnership units prior to vesting, and our TSR long-term incentive partnership units receive non-forfeitable distributions based on specified percentages of the distributions paid to common partnership units prior to vesting and conversion. The unvested restricted shares and units related to these awards are participating securities. We include the

effect of participating securities in basic and diluted earnings per share and unit computations using the two-class method of allocating distributed and undistributed earnings when the two-class method is more dilutive than the treasury stock method.

Reconciliations of the numerator and denominator in the calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share and per unit for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (in thousands, except per share and per unit data):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Earnings per share
Numerator:
Basic and dilutive net income attributable to Aimco common stockholders	$	6,679	$	271,568
Denominator - shares:
Basic weighted-average Common Stock outstanding		148,518		144,232
Dilutive share equivalents outstanding		268		213
Dilutive weighted-average Common Stock outstanding		148,786		144,445
Earnings per share – basic	$	0.04	$	1.88
Earnings per share – dilutive	$	0.04	$	1.88
Non-dilutive share equivalents outstanding		97		36
Earnings per unit
Numerator:
Basic and dilutive net income attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership's    common unitholders	$	7,047	$	286,639
Denominator - units
Basic weighted-average common partnership units outstanding		156,660		152,303
Dilutive partnership unit equivalents outstanding		343		329
Dilutive weighted-average common partnership units outstanding		157,003		152,632
Earnings per unit – basic	$	0.04	$	1.88
Earnings per unit – dilutive	$	0.04	$	1.88
Non-dilutive partnership unit equivalents outstanding		1,847		229

The Aimco Operating Partnership has various classes of preferred OP Units, which may be redeemed at the holders’ option. The Aimco Operating Partnership may redeem these units for cash, or at its option, shares of Common Stock. As of March 31, 2020, these preferred OP Units were potentially redeemable for approximately 2.7 million shares of Common Stock (based on the period end market price), or cash. The Aimco Operating Partnership has a redemption policy that requires cash settlement of redemption requests for the preferred OP Units, subject to limited exceptions. Accordingly, we have excluded these securities from earnings per share and unit computations for the periods presented above, and we expect to exclude them in future periods.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we paid $0.41 and $2.02, respectively, in dividends and distributions per share and per unit. The $2.02 paid during the three months ended March 31, 2019 represents the per share and per unit value of the special dividend and special distribution authorized by the Board of Directors in the first quarter of 2019. The special dividend consisted of $67.1 million in cash, 4.5 million shares of Common Stock and $0.4 million of cash paid in lieu of issuing fractional shares. The special distribution consisted of $72.7 million in cash, 4.8 million common partnership units and $0.4 million of cash paid in lieu of issuing fractional units.

In connection with the special dividend and distribution, the Board of Directors authorized a reverse stock split during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The reverse split combined every 1.03119 common shares and common partnership units into one common share or common partnership unit and was intended to neutralize the dilutive impact of the shares and units issued in the special dividend and distribution. As a result, the number of shares and units outstanding after the dividend/distribution and reverse split was unchanged from the number outstanding immediately prior to the two actions.

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Business Segments - Capital Additions Related to Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Capital additions	$ 93,884	$ 75,390
Same Store [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Capital additions	27,526	35,379
Redevelopment and Development [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Capital additions	44,596	36,458
Acquisition [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Capital additions	15,343	76
Other Real Estate [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Capital additions	$ 6,419	$ 3,477

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Earnings and Dividends per Share and Unit - Effect of Dilutive Securities and Securities not Dilutive (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Schedule of Earnings Per Share and Dividends Per Share [Line Items]
Basic and dilutive net income attributable to Aimco common stockholders	$ 6,679	$ 271,568
Basic weighted-average Common Stock outstanding	148,518	144,232
Dilutive share equivalents outstanding	268	213
Dilutive weighted-average Common Stock outstanding	148,786	144,445
Earnings per share – basic	$ 0.04	$ 1.88
Earnings per share – dilutive	$ 0.04	$ 1.88
Non-dilutive share equivalents outstanding	97	36
AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]
Schedule of Earnings Per Share and Dividends Per Share [Line Items]
Basic and dilutive net income attributable to Aimco common stockholders	$ 7,047	$ 286,639
Basic weighted-average Common Stock outstanding	156,660	152,303
Dilutive share equivalents outstanding	343	329
Dilutive weighted-average Common Stock outstanding	157,003	152,632
Earnings per share – basic	$ 0.04	$ 1.88
Earnings per share – dilutive	$ 0.04	$ 1.88
Non-dilutive share equivalents outstanding	1,847	229

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Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Carrying Value and Fair Value of Non-recourse Property Debt (Details) - Non-recourse property debt [Member] - Fair value Non-recurring [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Carrying Value [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Non-recourse property debt	$ 4,228,440	$ 4,251,339
Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Non-recourse property debt	$ 4,166,396	$ 4,298,630