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Investments (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Investments [Abstract]  
Schedule of Reconciliation of Cost to Fair Value, Net of Credit Loss Allowance, of Fixed Maturity Securities The following tables summarize the amortized cost and estimated fair value, net of credit loss allowance, of our fixed maturity securities as of:
June 30, 2024
(in thousands)Amortized costGross unrealized gainsGross unrealized lossesEstimated fair value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities (1)
$621,229 $3,560 $12,740 $612,049 
Collateralized debt obligations112,450 273 866 111,857 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities126,163 986 4,136 123,013 
Residential mortgage-backed securities144,923 58 16,990 127,991 
Other debt securities24,885 180 616 24,449 
U.S. Treasury1,043 18 1,025 
Total available-for-sale securities, net1,030,693 5,057 35,366 1,000,384 
Held-to-maturity securities - states & political subdivisions4,833 4,833 
Total fixed maturity securities, net$1,035,526 $5,057 $35,366 $1,005,217 
(1)This includes an estimated fair value of $6.1 million of securities lent under a securities lending agreement.

December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Amortized costGross unrealized gainsGross unrealized lossesEstimated fair value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities$600,639 $4,594 $16,545 $588,688 
Collateralized debt obligations114,400 156 2,088 112,468 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities106,019 1,410 4,709 102,720 
Residential mortgage-backed securities153,633 69 13,647 140,055 
Other debt securities17,862 136 688 17,310 
Total available-for-sale securities, net$992,553 $6,365 $37,677 $961,241 
Schedule of Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Value, Net of Credit Loss Allowance, of Fixed Maturity Securities by Remaining Contractual Term to Maturity
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities at June 30, 2024 are shown below by remaining contractual term to maturity.  Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

June 30, 2024
AmortizedEstimated
(in thousands)costfair value
Available-for-sale securities:
Due in one year or less$47,471 $46,768 
Due after one year through five years441,071 433,520 
Due after five years through ten years189,349 188,453 
Due after ten years352,802 331,643 
Total available-for-sale securities, net (1) (2)
1,030,693 1,000,384 
Held-to-maturity securities - due after ten years4,833 4,833 
Total fixed maturity securities, net$1,035,526 $1,005,217 
(1)The contractual maturities of our available-for-sale securities are included in the table. However, given our intent to sell certain impaired securities, these securities are classified as current assets in our Statement of Financial Position at June 30, 2024.
(2)This includes an estimated fair value of $6.1 million of securities lent under a securities lending agreement.
Schedule of Available-For-Sale Securities in a Gross Unrealized Loss Position by Length of Time
The following tables present available-for-sale securities based on length of time in a gross unrealized loss position as of:
June 30, 2024
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
(dollars in thousands)Fair
value
Unrealized
losses
Fair
value
Unrealized
losses
Fair
value
Unrealized
losses
No. of
holdings
Corporate debt securities$119,642 $909 $256,352 $11,831 $375,994 $12,740 611 
Collateralized debt obligations32,909 64 30,379 802 63,288 866 116 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities33,653 316 29,248 3,820 62,901 4,136 153 
Residential mortgage-backed securities12,704 308 112,051 16,682 124,755 16,990 166 
Other debt securities6,055 97 6,659 519 12,714 616 37 
U.S. Treasury1,025 18 1,025 18 
Total available-for-sale securities$205,988 $1,712 $434,689 $33,654 $640,677 $35,366 1,084 
Quality breakdown of available-for-sale securities:
Investment grade$185,665 $1,371 $399,444 $30,785 $585,109 $32,156 691 
Non-investment grade20,323 341 35,245 2,869 55,568 3,210 393 
Total available-for-sale securities$205,988 $1,712 $434,689 $33,654 $640,677 $35,366 1,084 


December 31, 2023
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
(dollars in thousands)Fair
value
Unrealized
losses
Fair
value
Unrealized
losses
Fair
value
Unrealized
losses
No. of
holdings
Corporate debt securities$50,853 $546 $338,322 $15,999 $389,175 $16,545 590 
Collateralized debt obligations3,911 15 87,005 2,073 90,916 2,088 142 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities9,148 157 30,145 4,552 39,293 4,709 108 
Residential mortgage-backed securities30,271 297 101,761 13,350 132,032 13,647 164 
Other debt securities2,084 62 7,475 626 9,559 688 32 
Total available-for-sale securities$96,267 $1,077 $564,708 $36,600 $660,975 $37,677 1,036 
Quality breakdown of available-for-sale securities:
Investment grade$87,774 $807 $517,090 $32,511 $604,864 $33,318 651 
Non-investment grade8,493 270 47,618 4,089 56,111 4,359 385 
Total available-for-sale securities$96,267 $1,077 $564,708 $36,600 $660,975 $37,677 1,036 
Schedule of Allowances for Credit Losses on Fixed Maturity Securities and Financing Receivables
The following tables present a roll-forward of the allowances for credit losses on fixed maturity securities and financing receivables:
Three months ended June 30, 2024
(in thousands)Available-for-sale securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesOther loans receivableAgent loans
Balance, beginning of period$575 $2,167 $11,253 $957 
Provision and recoveries79 185 
Sales/collections and write-offs(151)
Balance, end of period$503 $2,167 $11,438 $957 

Six months ended June 30, 2024
(in thousands)Available-for-sale securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesOther loans receivableAgent loans
Balance, beginning of period$597 $$11,081 $957 
   Provision and recoveries243 2,167 357 
   Sales/collections and write-offs(337)
Balance, end of period$503 $2,167 $11,438 $957 

Three months ended June 30, 2023
(in thousands)Available-for-sale securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesOther loans receivableAgent loans
Balance, beginning of period$348 $— $3,709 $957 
Provision and recoveries22 — 27 
Sales/collections and write-offs— 
Balance, end of period$370 $— $3,736 $957 

Six months ended June 30, 2023
(in thousands)Available-for-sale securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesOther loans receivableAgent loans
Balance, beginning of period$249 $— $3,775 $957 
   Provision and recoveries223 — 59 
   Sales/collections and write-offs(102)— (98)
Balance, end of period$370 $— $3,736 $957 
Schedule of Investment Income (Loss), Net of Expenses
Investment income (loss), net of expenses, was generated from the following portfolios:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Available-for-sale securities$12,107 $10,534 $23,720 $20,367 
Equity securities1,199 1,084 2,417 2,099 
Limited partnerships (1)
(264)40 261 (10,712)
Cash equivalents and other3,389 1,922 6,337 4,027 
Total investment income16,431 13,580 32,735 15,781 
Less: investment expenses421 45 822 63 
Net investment income$16,010 $13,535 $31,913 $15,718 
(1)Limited partnership (losses) income include both realized gains (losses) and unrealized valuation changes. Our limited partnership investments are included in the line item "Other assets" in the Statements of Financial Position. We have made no new significant limited partnership commitments since 2006, and the balance of limited partnership investments is expected to decline over time as additional distributions are received.
Schedule of Net Realized and Unrealized Investment (Losses) Gains
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments were as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Available-for-sale securities:  
Gross realized gains$417 $100 $687 $306 
Gross realized losses(2,792)(2,196)(3,324)(4,021)
Net realized losses on available-for-sale securities(2,375)(2,096)(2,637)(3,715)
Equity securities580 359 2,695 (3,304)
Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains$(1,795)$(1,737)$58 $(7,019)


The portion of net unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the reporting period related to equity securities held at the reporting date is calculated as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Equity securities:
Net gains (losses) recognized during the period$580 $359 $2,695 $(3,304)
Less: net gains (losses) recognized on securities sold116 (78)330 (2,704)
Net unrealized gains (losses) recognized on securities held at reporting date$464 $437 $2,365 $(600)
Schedule of Impairments on Investments
Impairments on investments were as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Available-for-sale securities:
Intent to sell$(124)$(149)$(298)$(1,581)
Credit impaired(79)(22)(243)(223)
Total available-for-sale securities(203)(171)(541)(1,804)
Expected credit losses:
Held-to-maturity securities— (2,167)— 
Other loans receivable(185)(357)
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings$(388)$(171)$(3,065)$(1,804)