Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

The Company measures its cash equivalents and derivative instruments at fair value. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received on the sale of an asset or that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the Company utilizes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value.

The methodology for measuring fair value specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based upon whether the inputs to those valuation techniques reflect assumptions other market participants would use based upon market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) or reflect the Company’s own assumptions of market participant valuation (unobservable inputs). As a result, observable and unobservable inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy:

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Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets that are unadjusted and accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. At September 30, 2017 the Company did not have any Level 1 category assets included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2016, the Level 1 category included money market funds, which are included within cash and cash equivalents in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Level 2 – Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or financial instruments for which significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company did not have any Level 2 category assets included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Level 3 – Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Level 3 category included derivatives, which are included within other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company did not hold any cash, cash equivalents categorized as Level 3 as of September 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016.

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2017:



			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant other Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total cash equivalents	—		—		—		—
Derivative liabilities:
Derivative Instruments	424,636		—		—		424,636
Total derivative liabilities	424,636		—		—		424,636

Total assets and liabilities measured at fair value	$	424,636	$	—	$	—	$	424,636

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2016:



			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant other Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds and commercial paper	$	1,133,280	$	1,133,280	$	—	$	—
Total cash equivalents	1,133,280		1,133,280		—		—
Derivative liabilities:
Derivative Instruments	336,862		—		—		336,862
Total derivative liabilities	336,862		—		—		336,862

Total assets and liabilities measured at fair value	$	1,470,142	$	1,133,280	$	—	$	336,862

The fair value of the Company’s derivatives were valued using the Black-Scholes pricing model adjusted for probability assumptions, with all significant inputs, except for the probability and volatility assumptions, derived from or corroborated by observable market data such as stock price and interest rates. The probability and volatility assumptions are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. These embedded derivatives are included in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Company's liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Beginning Balance	$	419,560	$	164,670	$	336,862	$	82,024
Total loss recognized in earnings	5,076		8,997		87,774		91,643
Ending Balance	$	424,636	$	173,667	$	424,636	$	173,667

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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