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Fair Value Disclosures
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Fair Value Disclosures  
Fair Value Disclosures

NOTE 18. Fair Value Disclosures

 

Accounting standards define fair value as the exchange price that would be received on the measurement date to sell an asset or the price paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market available to the entity in an orderly transaction between market participants, with a three level valuation input hierarchy.

 

The following tables present fair value information for assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis:
                 
 December 31, 2014 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
                 
     (Dollars in millions) 
 Assets:             
  Trading securities  $ 482 $ 289 $ 193 $ 
  AFS securities:             
   U.S. Treasury   1,231     1,231   
   MBS issued by GSE    16,154     16,154   
   States and political subdivisions    1,974     1,974   
   Non-agency MBS   264     264   
   Other   41   6   35   
   Acquired from FDIC   1,243     498   745 
  LHFS   1,423     1,423   
  Residential MSRs   844       844 
  Derivative assets:             
   Interest rate contracts    1,114     1,094   20 
   Foreign exchange contracts    8     8   
  Private equity and similar investments   329       329 
   Total assets $ 25,107 $ 295 $ 22,874 $ 1,938 
                 
 Liabilities:             
  Derivative liabilities:             
   Interest rate contracts  $ 1,007 $ $ 1,004 $ 3 
   Foreign exchange contracts    6     6   
  Short-term borrowings   148     148   
   Total liabilities  $ 1,161 $ $ 1,158 $ 3 

 December 31, 2013 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
                 
     (Dollars in millions) 
 Assets:             
  Trading securities  $ 381 $ 256 $ 125 $ 
  AFS securities:             
   U.S. Treasury   595     595   
   MBS issued by GSE    17,929     17,929   
   States and political subdivisions    1,851     1,851   
   Non-agency MBS   291     291   
   Other   45   10   35   
   Acquired from FDIC   1,393     532   861 
  LHFS   1,222     1,222   
  Residential MSRs    1,047       1,047 
  Derivative assets:             
   Interest rate contracts    862     859   3 
   Foreign exchange contracts    2     2   
  Private equity and similar investments   291       291 
   Total assets $ 25,909 $ 266 $ 23,441 $ 2,202 
                 
 Liabilities:             
  Derivative liabilities:             
   Interest rate contracts  $ 967 $ $ 953 $ 14 
   Foreign exchange contracts    3     3   
  Short-term borrowings   84     84   
   Total liabilities  $ 1,054 $ $ 1,040 $ 14 

The following discussion focuses on the valuation techniques and significant inputs for Level 2 and Level 3 assets and liabilities.

 

A third-party pricing service is generally utilized in determining the fair value of the securities portfolio. Management independently evaluates the fair values provided by the pricing service through comparisons to other third party pricing sources, review of additional information provided by the third party pricing service and other third party sources for selected securities and back-testing to compare the price realized on any security sales to the daily pricing information received from the pricing service. Fair value measurements are derived from market-based pricing matrices that were developed using observable inputs that include benchmark yields, benchmark securities, reported trades, offers, bids, issuer spreads and broker quotes. As described by security type below, additional inputs may be used, or some inputs may not be applicable. In the event that market observable data was not available, which would generally occur due to the lack of an active market for a given security, the valuation of the security would be subjective and may involve substantial judgment by management.

 

Trading securities: Trading securities include various types of debt and equity securities, primarily consisting of debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury, GSEs, or states and political subdivisions. The valuation techniques used for these investments are more fully discussed below.

 

U.S. Treasury securities: Treasury securities are valued using quoted prices in active over the counter markets.

 

GSE securities and MBS issued by GSE: GSE pass-through securities are valued using market-based pricing matrices that are based on observable inputs including benchmark TBA security pricing and yield curves that were estimated based on U.S. Treasury yields and certain floating rate indices. The pricing matrices for these securities may also give consideration to pool-specific data supplied directly by the GSE. GSE CMOs are valued using market-based pricing matrices that are based on observable inputs including offers, bids, reported trades, dealer quotes and market research reports, the characteristics of a specific tranche, market convention prepayment speeds and benchmark yield curves as described above.

 

States and political subdivisions: These securities are valued using market-based pricing matrices that are based on observable inputs including MSRB reported trades, issuer spreads, material event notices and benchmark yield curves.

 

Non-agency MBS: Pricing matrices for these securities are based on observable inputs including offers, bids, reported trades, dealer quotes and market research reports, the characteristics of a specific tranche, market convention prepayment speeds and benchmark yield curves as described above.

 

Other securities: These securities consist primarily of mutual funds and corporate bonds. These securities are valued based on a review of quoted market prices for assets as well as through the various other inputs discussed previously.

 

Acquired from FDIC securities: Securities acquired from the FDIC consist of re-remic non-agency MBS, municipal securities and non-agency MBS. State and political subdivision securities and certain non-agency MBS acquired from the FDIC are valued in a manner similar to the approach described above for those asset classes. The re-remic non-agency MBS, which are categorized as Level 3, are valued based on broker dealer quotes that reflected certain unobservable market inputs.

 

LHFS: Certain mortgage loans are originated to be sold to investors, which are carried at fair value. The fair value is primarily based on quoted market prices for securities backed by similar types of loans. The changes in fair value of these assets are largely driven by changes in interest rates subsequent to loan funding and changes in the fair value of servicing associated with the mortgage LHFS.

 

Residential MSRs: Residential MSRs are valued using an OAS valuation model to project cash flows over multiple interest rate scenarios, which are then discounted at risk-adjusted rates. The model considers portfolio characteristics, contractually specified servicing fees, prepayment assumptions, delinquency rates, late charges, other ancillary revenue, costs to service and other economic factors. Fair value estimates and assumptions are compared to industry surveys, recent market activity, actual portfolio experience and, when available, other observable market data.

 

Derivative assets and liabilities: The fair values of derivatives are determined based on quoted market prices and internal pricing models that are primarily sensitive to market observable data. The fair values of interest rate lock commitments, which are related to mortgage loan commitments and are categorized as Level 3, are based on quoted market prices adjusted for commitments that are not expected to fund and include the value attributable to the net servicing fees.

 

Private equity and similar investments: Private equity and similar investments are measured at fair value based on the investment's net asset value. In many cases there are no observable market values for these investments and therefore management must estimate the fair value based on a comparison of the operating performance of the company to multiples in the marketplace for similar entities. This analysis requires significant judgment, and actual values in a sale could differ materially from those estimated.

 

Short-term borrowings: Short-term borrowings represent debt securities sold short that are entered into as a hedging strategy for the purposes of supporting institutional and retail client trading activities.

 

The following tables present activity for financial assets and liabilities that are valued using Level 3 inputs:

                Private 
       Acquired       Equity and 
       from FDIC Residential Net Similar 
 Year Ended December 31, 2014 Securities MSRs Derivatives Investments 
              
        
 Balance at January 1, 2014 $ 861 $ 1,047 $ (11) $ 291 
  Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):             
   Included in earnings:             
    Interest income    33       
    Mortgage banking income     (221)   94   
    Other noninterest income        (2)   27 
   Included in unrealized net holding gains (losses) in OCI   (38)       
  Purchases         67 
  Issuances     141   75   
  Sales         (50) 
  Settlements   (111)   (123)   (139)   (7) 
  Transfers into Level 3          1 
 Balance at December 31, 2014 $ 745 $ 844 $ 17 $ 329 
                   
 Change in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings for the period,             
  attributable to assets and liabilities still held at December 31, 2014 $ 33 $ (221) $ 17 $ 15 

                Private 
       Acquired      Equity and 
       from FDIC Residential Net Similar 
 Year Ended December 31, 2013 Securities MSRs Derivatives Investments 
              
        
 Balance at January 1, 2013 $ 994 $ 627 $ 54 $ 323 
  Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):             
   Included in earnings:             
    Interest income    37       
    Mortgage banking income     229   21   
    Other noninterest income          33 
   Included in unrealized net holding gains (losses) in OCI   (14)       
  Purchases          58 
  Issuances     336   65   
  Sales         (59) 
  Settlements   (156)   (145)   (151)   (64) 
 Balance at December 31, 2013 $ 861 $ 1,047 $ (11) $ 291 
                   
 Change in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings for the period,             
  attributable to assets and liabilities still held at December 31, 2013 $ 37 $ 229 $ (11) $ 22 

              Private 
       Acquired     Equity and 
        from FDIC Residential Net Similar 
 Year Ended December 31, 2012 Securities MSRs Derivatives Investments 
               
      (Dollars in millions) 
 Balance at January 1, 2012 $ 984 $ 563 $ 59 $ 261 
  Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):             
   Included in earnings:             
    Interest income    48       
    Mortgage banking income     (32)   458   
    Other noninterest income          21 
   Included in unrealized holding gains (losses) in OCI   88       
  Purchases         101 
  Issuances     270   308   
  Sales         (59) 
  Settlements   (126)   (174)   (771)   (1) 
 Balance at December 31, 2012 $ 994 $ 627 $ 54 $ 323 
                   
 Change in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings for the period,             
  attributable to assets and liabilities still held at December 31, 2012 $ 48 $ (32) $ 54 $ 12 

BB&T's policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out of Levels 1, 2 and 3 as of the end of a reporting period. Transfers in and out of Level 3 are shown in the preceding tables.

 

BB&T's private equity and similar investments are primarily in SBIC qualified funds, which focus on equity and subordinated debt investments in privately-held middle market companies. These investments generally are not redeemable and distributions are received as the underlying assets of the funds liquidate. The timing of distributions, which are expected to occur on various dates through 2025, is uncertain and dependent on various events such as recapitalizations, refinance transactions and ownership changes among others. Excluding the investment of future funds, BB&T estimates these investments have a weighted average remaining life of approximately two years; however, the timing and amount of distributions may vary significantly. As of December 31, 2014, restrictions on the ability to sell the investments include, but are not limited to, consent of a majority member or general partner approval for transfer of ownership. BB&T's investments are spread over numerous privately-held middle market companies, and thus the sensitivity to a change in fair value for any single investment is limited. The significant unobservable inputs for these investments are EBITDA multiples that ranged from 4x to 10x, with a weighted average of 8x, at December 31, 2014.

The following table details the fair value and UPB of LHFS that were elected to be carried at fair value:
                       
     December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 
     Fair Aggregate   Fair Aggregate   
     Value UPB Difference Value UPB Difference 
                       
     (Dollars in millions) 
 LHFS reported at fair value$ 1,423 $ 1,390 $ 33 $ 1,222 $ 1,223 $ (1) 

Excluding government guaranteed, there were no LHFS that were nonaccrual or 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest at December 31, 2014.

The following table provides information about certain financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, which are considered to be Level 3 assets (excludes acquired from FDIC):
                 
     As Of / For the Year Ended 
     December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 
     Carrying Value Valuation Adjustments Carrying Value Valuation Adjustments 
                 
     (Dollars in millions) 
 Impaired loans $ 109 $ (52) $50 $ (41) 
 Foreclosed real estate   87   1  71   (6) 

For financial instruments not recorded at fair value, estimates of fair value are based on relevant market data and information about the instrument and are based on the value of one trading unit without regard to any premium or discount that may result from concentrations of ownership, possible tax ramifications, estimated transaction costs that may result from bulk sales or the relationship between various instruments.

 

An active market does not exist for certain financial instruments. Fair value estimates for these instruments are based on current economic conditions, currency and interest rate risk characteristics, loss experience and other factors. Many of these estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and cannot be determined with precision. Therefore, the fair value estimates in many instances cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, may not be realizable in a current sale of the instrument. In addition, changes in assumptions could significantly affect these fair value estimates. The following assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of these financial instruments.

 

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash: For these short-term instruments, the carrying amounts are a reasonable estimate of fair values.

 

HTM securities: The fair values of HTM securities are based on a market approach using observable inputs such as benchmark yields and securities, TBA prices, reported trades, issuer spreads, current bids and offers, monthly payment information and collateral performance.

 

Loans receivable: The fair values for loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, applying interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms and credit quality, which are deemed to be indicative of orderly transactions in the current market. For commercial loans and leases, discount rates may be adjusted to address additional credit risk on lower risk grade instruments. For residential mortgage and other consumer loans, internal prepayment risk models are used to adjust contractual cash flows. Loans are aggregated into pools of similar terms and credit quality and discounted using a LIBOR based rate. The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair values.

 

FDIC loss share receivable and payable: The fair values of the receivable and payable are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, applying a risk free interest rate that is adjusted for the uncertainty in the timing and amount of the cash flows. The expected cash flows to/from the FDIC related to loans were estimated using the same assumptions that were used in determining the accounting values for the related loans. The expected cash flows to/from the FDIC related to securities are based upon the fair value of the related securities and the payment that would be required if the securities were sold for that amount. The loss share agreements are not transferrable and, accordingly, there is no market for the receivable or payable.

 

Deposit liabilities: The fair values for demand deposits are equal to the amount payable on demand. Fair values for CDs are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies current interest rates to aggregate expected maturities. BB&T has developed long-term relationships with its deposit customers, commonly referred to as CDIs, that have not been considered in the determination of the deposit liabilities' fair value.

 

Short-term borrowings: The carrying amounts of short-term borrowings approximate their fair values.

 

Long-term debt: The fair values of long-term debt instruments are estimated based on quoted market prices for the instrument if available, or for similar instruments if not available, or by using discounted cash flow analyses, based on current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of instruments.

 

Contractual commitments: The fair values of commitments are estimated using the fees charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. The fair values of guarantees and letters of credit are estimated based on the counterparties' creditworthiness and average default rates for loan products with similar risks. These respective fair value measurements are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Retail lending commitments are assigned no fair value as BB&T typically has the ability to cancel such commitments by providing notice to the borrower.

   
   
     Carrying Total     
 December 31, 2014 Amount Fair Value Level 2 Level 3 
             
     (Dollars in millions) 
 Financial assets:             
  HTM securities $ 20,240 $ 20,313 $ 20,313 $ 
  Loans and leases, net of ALLL excluding acquired from FDIC   117,259   117,268     117,268 
  Acquired from FDIC loans, net of ALLL   1,151   1,337     1,337 
  FDIC loss share receivable   534   123     123 
                 
 Financial liabilities:             
  Deposits    129,040   129,259   129,259   
  FDIC loss share payable   697   696     696 
  Long-term debt    23,312   24,063   24,063   

     Carrying Total     
 December 31, 2013 Amount Fair Value Level 2 Level 3 
             
     (Dollars in millions) 
 Financial assets:             
  HTM securities $ 18,101 $ 17,530 $ 17,491 $ 39 
  Loans and leases, net of ALLL excluding acquired from FDIC   112,264   112,261     112,261 
  Acquired from FDIC loans, net of ALLL   1,921   2,200     2,200 
  FDIC loss share receivable   843   464     464 
                 
 Financial liabilities:             
  Deposits    127,475   127,810   127,810   
  FDIC loss share payable   669   652     652 
  Long-term debt    21,493   22,313   22,313   

The following is a summary of selected information pertaining to off-balance sheet financial instruments:
                
    December 31, 2014  December 31, 2013 
    Notional/   Notional/   
    Contract   Contract   
   Amount Fair Value Amount Fair Value 
            
    (Dollars in millions) 
 Commitments to extend, originate or purchase credit  $ 49,333 $ 97 $ 45,333 $ 86 
 Residential mortgage loans sold with recourse    667   9   783   13 
 Other loans sold with recourse    4,264   7   4,594   9 
 Letters of credit and financial guarantees    3,462   22   4,355   39