UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
For the quarterly period ended:
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For the transition period from ____ to ____
Commission file number:
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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CYTHW |
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)
As of August 13, 2024 the Company had outstanding
CYCLO THERAPEUTICS, INC.
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Description |
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PART I |
FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
1 |
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Item 1. |
Financial Statements. |
1 |
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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2024 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2023. |
1 |
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. |
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Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. |
3 |
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Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (Unaudited) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. |
4 |
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. |
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Notes to Condensed (Unaudited) Consolidated Financial Statements. |
6 |
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Item 2. |
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. |
18 |
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Item 3. |
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. |
22 |
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Item 4. |
Controls and Procedures. |
23 |
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PART II |
OTHER INFORMATION |
24 |
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Item 1. |
Legal Proceedings. |
24 |
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Item 1A. |
Risk Factors. |
24 |
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Item 2. |
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
24 |
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Item 3. |
Defaults Upon Senior Securities. |
24 |
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Item 4. |
Mine Safety Disclosures. |
24 |
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Item 5. |
Other Information. |
24 |
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Item 6. |
Exhibits. |
25 |
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SIGNATURES |
26 |
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
CYCLO THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
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June 30, |
December 31, 2023 |
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ASSETS |
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CURRENT ASSETS |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $ |
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Inventory |
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Prepaid insurance and services |
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Prepaid clinical expenses |
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Total current assets |
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FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT, NET |
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RIGHT-OF-USE LEASE ASSETS, NET |
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TOTAL ASSETS |
$ | $ | ||||||
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LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) |
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CURRENT LIABILITIES |
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Current portion of lease liabilities |
$ | $ | ||||||
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Convertible note payable |
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Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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Total current liabilities |
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LONG-TERM LIABILITIES |
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Lease liabilities, net of current portion |
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Total long-term liabilities |
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| Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) |
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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) |
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Preferred stock, par value $ per share, |
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Common stock, par value $ per share, |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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Accumulated deficit |
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Total stockholders' equity (deficit) |
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TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Deficit) |
$ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
CYCLO THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
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Three Months Ended |
Six Months Ended |
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June 30, |
June 30, |
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2024 |
2023 |
2024 |
2023 |
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REVENUES |
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Product sales |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
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COst OF goods SOLD (exclusive of direct and indirect overhead and handling costs) |
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GROSS PROFIT |
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EXPENSES |
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Personnel |
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Research and development |
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Repairs and maintenance |
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Professional fees |
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Office and other |
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Board of Director fees and costs |
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Depreciation |
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Freight and shipping |
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Loss on disposal of equipment |
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Total expenses |
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LOSS FROM OPERATIONS |
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OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) |
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Investment and other income (expense), net |
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Lease income |
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| Loss on change in fair value of convertible promissory note | ( |
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Total other income (expense), net |
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LOSS BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES |
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PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES |
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NET LOSS |
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BASIC AND DILUTED NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE |
$ | ( |
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WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES BASIC AND DILUTED OUTSTANDING |
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See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
CYCLO THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 and 2023
(Unaudited)
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Common Stock |
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Shares |
Par Value |
Additional Paid-In Capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) |
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Balance, March 31, 2024 |
$ | $ | $ | ( |
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Merger recapitalization transaction costs |
- | ( |
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Stock issued to nonemployees |
8 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Stock-based compensation |
- | 169,222 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Net loss |
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Balance, June 30, 2024 |
$ | $ | $ | ( |
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Balance, March 31, 2023 |
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Sale of common stock |
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Exercise of warrants |
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Stock issued to nonemployees |
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Stock based compensation |
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Net loss |
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Balance, June 30, 2023 |
$ | $ | $ | ( |
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See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
CYCLO THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 and 2023
(Unaudited)
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Common Stock |
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Shares |
Par Value |
Additional Paid-In Capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) |
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Balance, December 31, 2023 |
$ | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | 4,757,007 | |||||||||||||
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Merger recapitalization transaction costs |
- | ( |
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Stock issued to nonemployees |
14 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Stock-based compensation |
- | 342,440 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Net loss |
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Balance, June 30, 2024 |
$ | $ | $ | ( |
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Balance, December 31, 2022 |
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Sale of common stock and accompanying warrants, net |
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Exercise of warrants |
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Stock issued to nonemployees |
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Stock based compensation |
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Net loss |
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Balance, June 30, 2023 |
$ | $ | $ | ( |
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See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
CYCLO THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
| Six Months Ended June 30, |
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2024 |
2023 |
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CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |
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Net loss |
$ | ( |
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Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
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Depreciation and amortization |
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Loss on disposal of equipment |
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Stock-based compensation |
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Stock compensation to nonemployees |
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Increase or decrease in: |
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Accounts receivable |
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Inventory |
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Prepaid clinical expenses |
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Prepaid insurance and services |
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Other |
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Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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Total adjustments |
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NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES |
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CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |
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Net proceeds from sale of warrants |
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Net proceeds from sale of stock |
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Merger transaction costs |
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Exercise of warrants |
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Net proceeds from issuance of convertible note |
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NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES |
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NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS |
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CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period |
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CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period |
$ | $ | ||||||
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SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION |
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Cash paid for interest |
$ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The information presented herein as of June 30, 2024 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 is unaudited.
(1) ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS:
Cyclo Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) was incorporated in August 1990 as a Florida corporation, under the name Cyclodextrin Technologies Development, Inc. with operations beginning in July 1992. In conjunction with a restructuring in 2000, we changed our name to CTD Holdings, Inc. We changed our name to Cyclo Therapeutics, Inc. in September 2019 to better reflect our current business and on November 6, 2020, we reincorporated from the State of Florida to the State of Nevada.
On December 27, 2023, the Company completed a strategic combination pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of September 21, 2023, by and among the Company, Cameo Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company ("Merger Sub”), and Applied Molecular Transport Inc., a Delaware corporation ("AMTI”), providing for the merger of Merger Sub with and into AMTI, with AMTI surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the "Merger”).
We are a clinical stage biotechnology company that develops cyclodextrin-based products for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. We filed a Type II Drug Master File with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in 2014 for our lead drug candidate, Trappsol® Cyclo™ (hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin) as a treatment for Niemann-Pick Type C disease (“NPC”). NPC is a rare and fatal autosomal recessive genetic disease resulting in disrupted cholesterol metabolism that impacts the brain, lungs, liver, spleen, and other organs. In 2015, we launched an International Clinical Program for Trappsol® Cyclo™ as a treatment for NPC. In 2016, we filed an Investigational New Drug application (“IND”) with the FDA, which described our Phase I clinical plans for a randomized, double blind, parallel group study at a single clinical site in the U.S. The Phase I study evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of Trappsol® Cyclo™ along with markers of cholesterol metabolism and markers of NPC during a 12-week treatment period of intravenous administration of Trappsol® Cyclo™ every two weeks to participants 18 years of age and older. The IND was approved by the FDA in September 2016, and in January 2017, the FDA granted Fast Track designation to Trappsol® Cyclo™ for the treatment of NPC. Initial patient enrollment in the U.S. Phase I study commenced in September 2017, and in May 2020, we announced top line data showing a favorable safety and tolerability profile for Trappsol® Cyclo™ in this study.
We have also completed a Phase I/II clinical study approved by European regulatory bodies with clinical trial centers in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Israel. The Phase I/II study evaluated the safety, tolerability and efficacy of Trappsol® Cyclo™ through a range of clinical outcomes, including neurologic, respiratory, and measurements of cholesterol metabolism and markers of NPC. Consistent with the 12-week Phase 1 study (single US site), the European/Israel study administered Trappsol® Cyclo™ intravenously to NPC patients every two weeks in a double-blind, randomized trial, but differs in that the study period was for 48 weeks (24 doses). In March of 2021 we announced that 100% of patients who completed the trial (9 out of 12) improved or remained stable, and 89% met the efficacy outcome measure of improvement in at least two domains of the 17-domain NPC severity scale.
Additionally, in February 2020 we had a face-to-face “Type C” meeting with the FDA with respect to the initiation of our pivotal Phase III clinical trial of Trappsol® Cyclo™ based on the clinical data obtained to date. At that meeting, we also discussed with the FDA submitting a New Drug Application (“NDA”) under Section 505(b)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act for the treatment of NPC in pediatric and adult patients with Trappsol® Cyclo™. A similar request was submitted to the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) in February 2020, seeking scientific advice and protocol assistance from the EMA for proceeding with a Phase III clinical trial in Europe. In October 2020 we received a “Study May Proceed” notification from the FDA with respect to the proposed Phase III clinical trial, and in June of 2021 we commenced enrollment in TransportNPC, a pivotal Phase III study of Trappsol® Cyclo™ for the treatment of NPC. In May 2024, we enrolled the last of the 104 patients in the Phase III study.
(1) ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS: (CONTINUED)
We are also exploring the use of cyclodextrins in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. In January 2018, the FDA authorized a single patient IND expanded access program using Trappsol® Cyclo™ for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. After 18 months of treatment in this geriatric patient with late-onset disease, the disease was stabilized and the drug was well tolerated. The patient also exhibited signs of improvement with less volatility and shorter latency in word-finding. We prepared a synopsis for an early stage protocol using Trappsol® Cyclo™ intravenously to treat Alzheimer’s disease that was presented to the FDA in January of 2021. We received feedback from the FDA on this synopsis in April 2021 and incorporated the feedback into an IND for a Phase II study for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease with Trappsol® Cyclo™ that we submitted to the FDA in November 2021. In December of 2021, we received IND clearance from the FDA, allowing us to proceed with our Phase II study of Trappsol® Cyclo™ for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. U.S. sites for the study were activated during the second half of 2022, and patient dosing began in the first quarter of 2023. In July 2024 we received a notice of decision from the European Patent Office to grant a patent application regarding the methods to treat Alzheimer’s Disease, with an effective date of August 21, 2024.
We also continue to operate our legacy fine chemical business, consisting of the sale of cyclodextrins and related products to the pharmaceutical, nutritional, and other industries, primarily for use in diagnostics and specialty drugs. However, our core business has transitioned to a biotechnology company primarily focused on the development of cyclodextrin- based biopharmaceuticals for the treatment of disease from a business that had been primarily reselling basic cyclodextrin products.
Going Concern and Liquidity
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company incurred a net loss of $
For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company’s operations used $
We intend to continue to raise such capital through the sale of equity securities from time to time, the issuance of debt securities, the sale or licensing of existing assets or assets in development, or from other non-dilutive funding mechanisms. Our ability to obtain such additional capital will likely be subject to various factors, including our overall business performance and market conditions. If we cannot raise the additional funds required for our anticipated operations, we may be required to reduce the scope of or eliminate our research and development programs, delay our clinical trials and the ability to seek regulatory approvals, downsize our general and administrative infrastructure, and/or seek alternative measures to avoid insolvency. If we raise additional funds through future offerings of shares of our common stock or other securities, such offerings would cause dilution of current stockholders’ percentage ownership in the Company, which could be substantial. Future offerings also could have a material and adverse effect on the price of our common stock.
Our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, were prepared on the basis of a going concern, which contemplates that we will be able to realize assets and discharge liabilities in the normal course of business. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the availability of equity or debt financing as noted above. Various factors including our overall business performance and market conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
The following is a summary of the more significant accounting policies of the Company that affect the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements:
(a) BASIS OF PRESENTATION––The condensed consolidated financial statements include the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including these notes, are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. Such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. The condensed consolidated financial statements, and these notes, have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and do not contain certain information included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. The condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with that Annual Report on Form 10-K. Results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that might be expected for the entire fiscal year.
(b) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS––Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and any highly liquid investments with an original purchased maturity of three months or less. The Company maintains deposits in financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits of $250,000, in the amount of $
(c) ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE––Accounts receivable are unsecured and non-interest bearing and stated at the amount we expect to collect from outstanding balances. Customer account balances with invoices dated over 90 days old are considered past due. The Company does not accrue interest on past due accounts. Customer payments are allocated to the specific invoices identified on the customer’s remittance advice or, if unspecified, applied to the oldest unpaid invoices.
The carrying amount of accounts receivable is reduced by an allowance for credit losses that reflects management’s best estimate of expected credit losses. The Company reviews each customer balance where all or a portion of the balance exceeds 90 days from the invoice date. Based on the Company’s assessment of the customer's current and forecasted creditworthiness, the Company estimates the portion, if any, of the balance that will not be collected, and writes off receivables as a charge to the allowance for credit losses when, in management’s estimation, it is probable that the receivable is worthless. The Company determined an allowance for credit losses was necessary as of June 30, 2024. The allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2023 approximated $
The Company develops and documents its allowance for credit losses on its trade receivables based on portfolio segments, which include domestic and international customers. The determination of portfolio segments is based primarily on the customers’ geographical location. Our quantitative allowance for credit loss estimates was determined using the method that uses an aging schedule. The Company also considers qualitative adjustments that may relate to unique risks, changes in current economic conditions that may not be reflected in quantitatively derived results, or other relevant factors to further inform our estimate of the allowance for credit losses.
(d) INVENTORY AND COST OF PRODUCTS SOLD––Inventory consists of cyclodextrin products and chemical complexes purchased for resale recorded at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value. Cost of products sold includes the acquisition cost of the products sold and does not include any allocation of inbound or outbound freight charges, indirect overhead expenses, warehouse and distribution expenses, or depreciation and amortization expense. The Company records a specific reserve for inventory items that are determined to be obsolete. The Company determined reserve for obsolete inventory was necessary as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
The Company’s reserve for obsolete inventory is based on the Company’s best estimates of product sales and customer demands. It is reasonably possible that the estimates used by the Company to determine its provisions for inventory write-downs will be materially different from actual write-downs. These differences could result in materially higher than expected inventory provisions and related costs, which could have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition in the near term.
(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: (CONTINUED)
(g) LEASES––The Company leases office and warehouse space. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Contracts containing a lease are further evaluated for classification as an operating or finance lease where the Company is a lessee, or as an operating, sales-type or direct financing lease where the Company is a lessor, based on their terms. Operating leases are included in right-of-use ("ROU") lease assets and lease liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company subleases office space under one existing lease to a third party. Sublease income is reported as other income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
In evaluating contracts to determine if they qualify as a lease, the Company considers factors such as if the Company has obtained substantially all of the rights to the underlying asset through exclusivity, if it can direct the use of the asset by making decisions about how and for what purpose the asset will be used and if the lessor has substantive substitution rights. This evaluation may require significant judgment.
(h) REVENUE RECOGNITION––Revenues are recognized when our customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We recognize revenues following the five step model prescribed under Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09: (i) identify contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenues when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligation.
Product revenues
The majority of our revenue is garnered in North America from companies in the pharmaceutical industry that are manufacturing or conducting research with our fine chemical products. In other countries, we sell our products primarily to wholesale distributors and other third-party distribution partners.
(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: (CONTINUED)
Revenues from product sales are recognized when the customer obtains control of our product, which occurs at a point in time, typically upon delivery to the customer. We expense incremental costs of obtaining a contract as and when incurred if the expected amortization period of the asset that we would have recognized is one year or less or the amount is immaterial. We treat shipping and handling costs performed after a customer obtains control of the product as a fulfillment cost. We have identified one performance obligation in our contracts with customers which is the delivery of product to our customers. The transaction price is recognized in full when we deliver the product to our customer, which is the point at which we have satisfied our performance obligation.
For additional information on our revenues, please read Note 3, Revenues, to these condensed consolidated financial statements.
(i) SHIPPING AND HANDLING FEES––Shipping and handling fees, if billed to customers, are included in product sales. Shipping and handling costs associated with inbound and outbound freight are expensed as incurred and included in freight and shipping expense.
(j) ADVERTISING––Advertising costs are charged to operations when incurred. We incur minimal advertising expenses.
(k) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS––Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. The Company records amounts paid in advance of the service being rendered as a prepaid asset, and the expense recognized when the service is performed. Research and development costs are primarily comprised of materials used in our clinical trials, personnel-related expenses and external research and development expenses incurred under arrangements with third parties, such as contract research organizations and consultants. At the end of each reporting period, the Company compares the payments made to each service provider to the estimated progress towards completion of the related project. Factors that the Company considers in preparing these estimates include the number of patients enrolled in studies, milestones achieved, and other criteria related to the efforts of its vendors. These estimates will be subject to change as additional information becomes available. Depending on the timing of payments to vendors and estimated services provided, the Company will record net prepaid or accrued expenses related to these costs. Prepaid clinical expenses represent valid future economic benefits based on our contracts with our vendors and are realized in the ordinary course of business.
(l) INCOME TAXES––Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. In addition, tax benefits related to positions considered uncertain are recognized only when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions shall initially and subsequently be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets.
(m) NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE–– Basic and fully diluted net loss per common share is computed using a simple weighted average of common shares outstanding during the periods presented, as outstanding warrants to purchase 15,686,916 shares of common stock were antidilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, and warrants to purchase
(n) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION––The Company periodically awards stock to employees, directors, and consultants. In the case of employees and consultants, an expense is recognized equal to the fair value of the stock determined using the closing trading price of the stock on the award date. With respect to directors, the Company accrues stock compensation expense on a quarterly basis based on the Company’s historical director compensation policies, and each quarter recognizes such expense based on the trading price of the common stock during such quarter. This expense is then trued up at the time the shares are issued to directors based on the trading price at the time of issuance.
(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: (CONTINUED)
The Company periodically issues stock options under its 2021 Equity Incentive Plan. The Company uses the Black-Scholes valuation method to estimate the fair value of stock options at grant date. Compensation expense is recognized on the straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period.
(o) FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND DISCLOSURES––Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” requires companies to determine fair value based on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability to a market participant. ASC 820 emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement.
The guidance requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:
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Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
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Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data. |
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Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data. |
Long-lived assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and are subject to fair value adjustments when there is evidence of impairment.
For short-term classes of our financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable, and which are not reported at fair value, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.
As of June 30, 2024, money market funds and a convertible note payable were the only financial instrument measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Money market funds were recorded within cash and cash equivalents. We classified the convertible note payable as a Level 3 fair value measurement and used the Black-Scholes model to calculate the fair value as of June 11, 2024, and for each reporting period. Key inputs for the simulation are summarized below. The Black-Scholes simulation uses inputs such as the stock price, volatility, the contractual term of the convertible note payable, risk free interest rates and dividend yields. The following table presents money market funds and the convertible note payable at their level within the fair value hierarchy for the periods indicated. As of December 31, 2023, money market funds were the only financial instrument measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.
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Fair Value Hierarchy Level |
Amortized Cost |
Gross Unrealized Gains |
Gross Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
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June 30, 2024 |
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Cash equivalents: |
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Money market funds invested in U.S. government obligations |
Level 1 |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
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Liabilities: |
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Convertible note payable (Note 7) |
Level 3 |
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Total |
$ | $ | - | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
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December 31, 2023 |
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Cash equivalents: |
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Money market funds invested in U.S. government obligations |
Level 1 |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
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Liabilities: |
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Convertible note payable (Note 7) |
Level 3 |
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Total |
$ | $ | - | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: (CONTINUED)
The range of key inputs for the Black-Scholes simulation related to the convertible note payable for the three months ended June 30, 2024, were as follows:
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Key Inputs |
June 30, 2024 |
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Stock Price |
$1.24 | – | $ |
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Term (years) |
– | ||||
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Risk-Free |
– | ||||
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Volatility |
- | ||||
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Dividend yield |
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Convertible Note Payable
The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of our convertible note payable categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
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Balance as of December 31, 2023 |
$ | |||
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Issuance of Convertible Note |
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Change in fair value of Note |
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Balance as of June 30, 2024 |
$ |
(p) USE OF ESTIMATES––The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions, including regarding contingencies, that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company’s most significant estimates relate to inventory obsolescence, stock-based compensation, fair value of convertible note issued, warrant liability valuation, fair value of warrants issued, assumed liabilities, and allowance for credit losses. Although management bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results could significantly differ from these estimates.
(q) RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS––
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." The new guidance is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures by requiring disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation and information on income taxes paid. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendment should be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have on the condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through additional and more detailed information about a reportable segment's expenses. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with retrospective application required and early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: (CONTINUED)
In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions” ("ASU 2022-03”) which clarifies guidance for fair value measurement of an equity security subject to a contractual sale restriction and establishes new disclosure requirements for such equity securities. ASU 2022-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and for interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the guidance as of January 1, 2024, and it did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
(r) WARRANTS––The Company accounts for its warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the specific terms of the warrants considering the authoritative guidance in ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480 and meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own common stock and satisfy additional conditions for equity classification. Warrants that are liability-classified are measured at fair value at each reporting date in accordance with the guidance in ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” with any subsequent changes in fair value recognized in the statement of operations in the period of change. The fair value of liability classified warrants was not material at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
(3) REVENUES:
The Company operates in business segment, which primarily focuses on the development and commercialization of innovative cyclodextrin-based products for the treatment of people with serious and life-threatening rare diseases and medical conditions. However, substantially all of the Company’s revenues are derived from the sale of cyclodextrins and related products to the pharmaceutical, nutritional, and other industries, primarily for use in diagnostics and specialty drugs.
Revenues by product are summarized as follows:
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Three Months Ended June 30 |
Six Months Ended June 30, |
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2024 |
2023 |
2024 |
2023 |
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Trappsol® HPB |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
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Trappsol® Fine Chemical |
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Aquaplex® |
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Other |
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Total revenues |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
(4) MAJOR CUSTOMERS AND SUPPLIERS:
For the three months ended June 30, 2024, major customers accounted for
For the three months ended June 30, 2023, major customers accounted for
The Company purchases inventory primarily from four vendors; however, the Company believes it can maintain purchases at similar levels through other readily available vendors in the marketplace. The Company maintains vendors both domestically and internationally.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the product mix of our revenues consisted entirely of basic natural and chemically modified cyclodextrins. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the product mix of our revenues consisted of
(5) CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK:
Significant concentrations of credit risk for all financial instruments owned by the Company are as follows:
The Company's financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash equivalents represent highly liquid investments with maturities of 90 days or less at the date of purchase. Credit risk related to cash and cash equivalents is based on the creditworthiness of the financial institutions at which these funds are held. The Company has cash balances at financial institutions which throughout the year may exceed the federally insured limit of $250,000. Any loss incurred or a lack of access to such funds could have a significant adverse impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. To reduce its risk associated with the failure of such financial institutions, the Company evaluates the rating of the financial institutions in which it holds deposits. Any material loss that the Company may experience in the future could have an adverse effect on its ability to pay its operational expenses or make other payments and may require the Company to move its cash to other high quality financial institutions. Currently, the Company is reviewing its bank relationships in order to mitigate its risk to ensure that its exposure is limited or reduced to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation protection limits.
The Company extends credit to customers in the normal course of business. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable exist to the full extent of amounts presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company does not require collateral from its customers to secure accounts receivable.
The Company has no significant off-balance sheet risk such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts, or other hedging arrangements.
(6) ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following:
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December 31, |
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2024 |
2023 |
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Accounts payable |
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Accrued bonus compensation |
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Total accounts payable and accrued expenses |
$ | $ | ||||||
(7) CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE:
On June 11, 2024, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (the “Initial NPA”) with Rafael Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Rafael”), the holder of approximately
Due to these embedded features within the Note, the Company elected to account for the Note and the embedded features at fair value at inception. Subsequent changes in fair value are recorded as a component of other income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Interest expense on the Note totaled $
The following table presents the Note as of June 30, 2024:
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Balance as of December 31, 2023 |
$ | |||
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Issuance of convertible Note |
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Change in fair value of Note |
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Balance as of June 30, 2024 |
$ |
(8) LEASES:
The Company entered into an operating lease in January 2023 for office and warehouse space, which has a lease term expiring in January 2026, with an option to extend for an additional years. As it is not reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option to extend, the additional three years have not been included in the lease term. This lease replaced an existing operating lease which expired in January 2023. The Company also assumed an operating lease for office space which is being subleased to a third party. The lease and sublease agreement expire in August 2024.
Right-of-use lease assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization, $
(9) EQUITY TRANSACTIONS:
The Company accrues stock compensation expense over the period earned for employees and board members. Stock compensation expense for board members is included in “Board of Directors fees and costs” on our condensed consolidated statement of operations, and stock compensation expense for officers and employees that are not board members is included in “Personnel” and "Research and development" on our condensed consolidated statement of operations.
In the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recognized compensation expense of $
(10) INCOME TAXES:
The Company reported a net loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company increased its deferred tax asset valuation allowance rather than recognize an income tax benefit.
(11) EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN:
On August 29, 2019, the Company’s stockholders approved the Company’s 2019 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan at a special meeting of stockholders (the “Incentive Plan”). The Incentive Plan provides for the issuance of up to
On June 24, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the Company’s 2021 Equity Incentive Plan at its annual meeting of stockholders (the “2021 Plan”). The 2021 Plan provides for the issuance of up to
(12) NET LOSS PER SHARE:
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share.
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Three Months Ended |
Six Months Ended |
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June 30, |
June 30, |
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2024 |
2023 |
2024 |
2023 |
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Numerator |
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Net loss |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
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Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted |
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Net loss per share, basic and diluted |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | $ | ) | $ | ( |
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The Company reported a net loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, therefore, the basic and diluted net loss per share are the same in the respective periods because the inclusion of potential common shares would have an antidilutive effect. Potential shares of common stock that are excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding are as follows:
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Three Months Ended |
Six Months Ended |
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June 30, |
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2023 |
2024 |
2023 |
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Stock options |
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Warrants |
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(13) PURCHASE COMMITMENTS:
In connection with an agreement executed in January 2022 with Ashland, Inc., the Company committed to purchase the minimum amounts of goods used in its normal operations based on completion of certain milestones. The first milestone was met during the first quarter of 2023, and $
(14) SUBSEQUENT EVENTS:
On July 16, 2024, the Company entered into the Amended NPA with Rafael, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis provides information to explain our results of operations and financial condition. You should also read our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and their notes included in this Form 10-Q, and our audited consolidated financial statements and their notes and other information included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. This report may contain forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements within this Form 10-Q are identified by words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “will” “plans” and other similar expressions; however, these words are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. Except as expressly required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events, circumstances or developments occurring subsequent to the filing of this Form 10-Q with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) or for any other reason and you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. You should carefully review and consider the various disclosures the Company makes in this report and our other reports filed with the SEC that attempt to advise interested parties of the risks, uncertainties and other factors that may affect our business.
Overview
We are a clinical stage biotechnology company that develops cyclodextrin-based products for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. We filed a Type II Drug Master File with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in 2014 for our lead drug candidate, Trappsol® Cyclo™ (hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin) as a treatment for Niemann-Pick Type C disease (“NPC”). NPC is a rare and fatal autosomal recessive genetic disease resulting in disrupted cholesterol metabolism that impacts the brain, lungs, liver, spleen, and other organs. In 2015, we launched an International Clinical Program for Trappsol® Cyclo™ as a treatment for NPC. In 2016, we filed an Investigational New Drug application (“IND”) with the FDA, which described our Phase I clinical plans for a randomized, double blind, parallel group study at a single clinical site in the U.S. The Phase I study evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of Trappsol® Cyclo™ along with markers of cholesterol metabolism and markers of NPC during a 12-week treatment period of intravenous administration of Trappsol® Cyclo™ every two weeks to participants 18 years of age and older. The IND was approved by the FDA in September 2016, and in January 2017, the FDA granted Fast Track designation to Trappsol® Cyclo™ for the treatment of NPC. Initial patient enrollment in the U.S. Phase I study commenced in September 2017, and in May 2020, we announced top line data showing a favorable safety and tolerability profile for Trappsol® Cyclo™ in this study.
We have also completed a Phase I/II clinical study approved by European regulatory bodies with clinical trial centers in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Israel. The Phase I/II study evaluated the safety, tolerability and efficacy of Trappsol® Cyclo™ through a range of clinical outcomes, including neurologic, respiratory, and measurements of cholesterol metabolism and markers of NPC. Consistent with the 12-week Phase 1 study (single US site), the European/Israel study administered Trappsol® Cyclo™ intravenously to NPC patients every two weeks in a double-blind, randomized trial, but differs in that the study period was for 48 weeks (24 doses). In March of 2021 we announced that 100% of patients who completed the trial (9 out of 12) improved or remained stable, and 89% met the efficacy outcome measure of improvement in at least two domains of the 17-domain NPC severity scale.
Additionally, in February 2020 we had a face-to-face “Type C” meeting with the FDA with respect to the initiation of our pivotal Phase III clinical trial of Trappsol® Cyclo™ based on the clinical data obtained to date. At that meeting, we also discussed with the FDA submitting a New Drug Application (“NDA”) under Section 505(b)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act for the treatment of NPC in pediatric and adult patients with Trappsol® Cyclo™. A similar request was submitted to the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) in February 2020, seeking scientific advice and protocol assistance from the EMA for proceeding with a Phase III clinical trial in Europe. In October 2020 we received a “Study May Proceed” notification from the FDA with respect to the proposed Phase III clinical trial, and in June of 2021 we commenced enrollment in TransportNPC, a pivotal Phase III study of Trappsol® Cyclo™ for the treatment of NPC. In May 2024, we enrolled the last of the 104 patients in the Phase III study.
Preliminary data from our completed clinical studies suggest that Trappsol® Cyclo™ clears toxic deposits of cholesterol and other lipids from cells, has a consistent pharmacokinetic profile peripherally, and crosses the blood-brain-barrier in individuals suffering from NPC, and results in neurological and neurocognitive benefits and other clinical improvements in NPC patients. The full significance of these findings will be determined as part of the final analysis of data derived from our clinical trials (both completed and ongoing).
On May 17, 2010, the FDA designated Trappsol® Cyclo™ as an orphan drug for the treatment of NPC, which would provide us with the exclusive right to sell Trappsol® Cyclo™ for the treatment of NPC for seven years following FDA drug approval. In April 2015, we also obtained Orphan Drug Designation for Trappsol® Cyclo™ in Europe, which will provide us with 10 years of market exclusivity following regulatory approval, which period will be extended to 12 years upon acceptance by the EMA’s Pediatric Committee of our pediatric investigation plan (PIP) demonstrating that Trappsol® Cyclo™ addresses the pediatric population. On January 12, 2017, we received Fast Track Designation from the FDA, and on December 1, 2017, the FDA designated NPC a Rare Pediatric Disease.
We are also exploring the use of cyclodextrins in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. In January 2018, the FDA authorized a single patient IND expanded access program using Trappsol® Cyclo™ for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. After 18 months of treatment in this geriatric patient with late-onset disease, the disease was stabilized and the drug was well tolerated. The patient also exhibited signs of improvement with less volatility and shorter latency in word-finding. We prepared a synopsis for an early stage protocol using Trappsol® Cyclo™ intravenously to treat Alzheimer’s disease that was presented to the FDA in January of 2021. We received feedback from the FDA on this synopsis in April 2021 and incorporated the feedback into an IND for a Phase II study for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease with Trappsol® Cyclo™ that we submitted to the FDA in November 2021. In December of 2021, we received IND clearance from the FDA, allowing us to proceed with our Phase II study of Trappsol® Cyclo™ for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. U.S. sites for the study were activated during the second half of 2022, with patient dosing beginning in the first quarter of 2023.
We filed an international patent application in October 2019 under the Patent Cooperation Treaty directed to the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease with cyclodextrins, and we are pursuing national and regional stage applications based on this international application. The terms of any patents resulting from these national or regional stage applications would be expected to expire in 2039 if all the requisite maintenance fees are paid.
On January 2024, we received a notice of allowance of our patent application for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office ("USPTO”) regarding our Patent Application No. 17/289,137 "Methods of Treating Alzheimer’s Disease.” In July 2024, we received a notice of decision from the European Patent Office to grant a patent application regarding the methods to treat Alzheimer’s Disease, with an effective date of August 21, 2024.
We also continue to operate our legacy fine chemical business, consisting of the sale of cyclodextrins and related products to the pharmaceutical, nutritional, and other industries, primarily for use in diagnostics and specialty drugs. However, our core business has transitioned to a biotechnology company primarily focused on the development of cyclodextrin- based biopharmaceuticals for the treatment of disease from a business that had been primarily reselling basic cyclodextrin products.
Results of Operations – Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 Compared to Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
We reported net losses of approximately $5,981,000 and $10,324,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to net losses of approximately $4,636,000 and $9,644,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
Total revenues for the three month period ended June 30, 2024 increased 5% to approximately $123,000, compared to approximately $117,000 for the same period in 2023. Total revenues for the six month period ended June 30, 2024 increased 21% to approximately $326,000, compared to approximately $270,000 for the same period in 2023. Our change in the mix of our product sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:
Trappsol® HPB
Our sales of Trappsol® HPB decreased by 63% for the three month period ended June 30, 2024 to approximately $21,000, compared to approximately $57,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Our sales of Trappsol® HPB increased by 54% for the six month period ended June 30, 2024 to approximately $220,000. compared to approximately $143,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Trappsol® other products
Our sales of other Trappsol® products increased by 68% for the three month period ended June 30, 2024 to approximately $101,000. compared to approximately $60,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Our sales of other Trappsol® products decreased by 10% for the six month period ended June 30, 2024 to approximately $104,000, compared to approximately $116,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Aquaplex®
Our sales of Aquaplex® for the three month period ended June 30, 2024 were approximately $500, as compared to sales of Aquaplex® for the three months ended June 30, 2023 of approximately $100. Our sales of Aquaplex® for the six month period ended June 30, 2024 were approximately $600, as compared to sales of Aquaplex® for the six months ended June 30, 2023 of approximately $10,000.
The largest customers for our legacy fine chemical business continue to follow historical product ordering trends by placing periodic large orders that represent a significant share of our annual sales volume. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, our three largest customers accounted for 89% of our sales; the largest accounted for 33% of sales. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, our three largest customers accounted for 71% of our sales; the largest accounted for 37% of sales. Historically, our usual smaller sales of HPB occur more frequently throughout the year compared to our large sales that we receive periodically. The timing of when we receive and are able to complete these two kinds of sales has a significant effect on our quarterly revenues and operating results and makes period to period comparisons difficult.
Our cost of products sold (excluding any allocation of direct and indirect overhead and handling costs) for the three month period ended June 30, 2024 decreased 35% to approximately $13,000. compared to approximately $20,000 for the same period in 2023. Our cost of products sold (excluding any allocation of direct and indirect overhead and handling costs) for the six month period ended June 30, 2024 decreased 17% to approximately $25,000, compared to approximately $30,000 for the same period in 2023. Our cost of products sold (excluding any allocation of direct and indirect overhead and handling costs) as a percentage of sales was 8% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 11% for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Historically, the timing and product mix of sales to our large customers has had a significant effect on our sales, cost of products sold (excluding any allocation of direct and indirect overhead and handling costs) and the related margin. We did not experience any significant increases in material costs during 2023 or the first six months of 2024.
Our gross margins may not be comparable to those of other entities, since some entities include all the costs related to their distribution network in cost of goods sold. Our cost of goods sold includes only the cost of products sold and does not include any allocation of inbound or outbound freight charges, indirect overhead expenses, warehouse and distribution expenses, or depreciation expense. Our employees provide receiving, inspection, warehousing and shipping operations for us. The cost of our employees is included in personnel expense. Our other costs of warehousing and shipping functions are included in office and other expense.
As we buy inventory from foreign suppliers, the change in the value of the U.S. dollar in relation to the Euro, Yen and Yuan has an effect on our cost of inventory. Our main supplier of specialty cyclodextrins and complexes, Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, is located in Hungary and its prices are set in Euros. The cost of our bulk inventory often changes due to fluctuations in the U.S. dollar. The cost of shipping from outside the U.S. also has a significant effect on our inventory acquisition costs. When we experience short-term increases in currency fluctuation or supplier price increases, we are often not able to raise our prices sufficiently to maintain our historical margins. Therefore, our margins on these sales may decline.
Personnel expenses increased by 17% to approximately $916,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. compared to approximately $785,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Personnel expenses increased by 3% to approximately $1,738,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024. compared to approximately $1,692,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase in personnel expenses is primarily due to an increase in stock compensation expense. We expect to maintain our level of employees and related costs in the near term.
Research and development expenses increased 10% to approximately $3,492,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to approximately $3,170,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Research and development expenses decreased 4% to approximately $6,337,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to approximately $6,568,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Research and development expenses as a percentage of our total operating expenses decreased to 57% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from 66% for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The overall decrease in research and development expense resulted from the reduction of spending related to the Alzheimer’s program and adjustments to research and development personnel cost allocations as projects progress to clinical trials.
Professional fees decreased 7% to approximately $387,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to approximately $414,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Professional fees increased 13% to approximately $1,018,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to approximately $897,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Professional fees may increase in the future due to new initiatives in raising capital and the continuation of product development.
Office and other expenses increased 204% to approximately $829,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to approximately $273,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Office and other expenses increased 210% to approximately $1,721,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to approximately $555,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase is attributable to lease expense for a lease assumed in December 2023. The lease expense is offset by sublease income.
We increased our valuation allowance to offset the increase in our deferred tax asset from our net operating loss and did not recognize an income benefit or provision for the three or six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our cash decreased to approximately $1,122,000 as of June 30, 2024, compared to approximately $9,247,000 as of December 31, 2023. We had negative working capital of approximately $5,378,000 as of June 30, 2024, compared to positive working capital of approximately $3,850,000 at December 31, 2023. Cash used in operations was approximately $10,030,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to approximately $7,849,000 for the same period in 2023.
The Company has continued to realize losses from operations. As a result of our recent note financings, we have had sufficient cash to meet our ongoing operating costs and capital expenditure requirements. We will need to raise additional capital through the sale of our securities or the entering into of alternative transactions in order to support our ongoing operations and continue our clinical trials. These activities are necessary to fund the development of our drug product candidates through clinical development, manufacturing and commercialization. Our ability to obtain such additional capital will likely be subject to various factors, including our overall business performance, market conditions and our ability to identify strategic partners. There can be no guarantee that the Company will be successful in its ability to raise capital to fund future operational and development initiatives.
Our condensed consolidated financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 were prepared on the basis of a going concern, which contemplates that we will be able to realize assets and discharge liabilities in the normal course of business. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the availability of equity or debt financing or an alternative transaction as noted above. As stated above, various factors including our overall business performance, market conditions and the ability to identify strategic partners raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
At December 31, 2023, we had approximately $49,807,000 in net state and federal operating loss carryforwards expiring from 2024 through 2037, including $41,409,000 that will not expire, that can be used to offset our current and future taxable net income and reduce our income tax liabilities. We experienced an "ownership change" within the meaning of Section 382(g) of the Internal Revenue Code during the year ended December 31, 2023. As a result of the “ownership change” we are limited in our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other built in deductions in computing our taxable income beginning with the ownership change date. We have not performed an analysis to determine such limitations. We have provided a 100% valuation allowance on our deferred tax asset based on our expected future expenses related to our clinical trials and other development initiatives.
We had no off-balance sheet arrangements as of June 30, 2024.
Cash Flows
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $10,030,000 for the six month period ended June 30, 2024, compared to net cash used in operating activities of approximately $7,849,000 for the six month period ended June 30, 2023. The increase in net cash used in operating activities was primarily due to the increased activities for our clinical trials and on-going operational expenses.
Investment Activities
The Company had no net cash provided by or used in investing activities for the six month periods ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $1,905,000 for the six month period ended June 30, 2024, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of approximately $7,147,000 for the six month period ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in net cash provided by financing activities is attributable to proceeds from the sale of warrants and stock during the six month period ended June 30, 2023 that did not occur during the six month period ended June 30, 2024. In June 2024, the Company received proceeds of $2 million from a convertible note payable.
Critical Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. We continually evaluate our judgments, estimates and assumptions. We base our estimates on the terms of underlying agreements, our expected course of development, historical experience and other factors we believe are reasonable based on the circumstances, the results of which form our management’s basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
There were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies during the quarter ended June 30, 2024. For information about critical accounting policies, see the discussion of critical accounting policies in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Not applicable.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
a. Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this report (the "Evaluation Date"). Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of June 30, 2024.
b. Material Weakness over Complex Equity Instruments
During the preparation of our interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the period ended March 31, 2023, we identified a material weakness in our internal controls relating to the accounting of complex equity instruments. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Specifically, the controls related to the evaluation of the appropriate accounting classification of warrants as equity.
Remediation Plan
Management, with the oversight from our Audit Committee and the Board of Directors, updated our internal controls to remediate the material weakness by supplementing our internal procedures through the contracted review of equity transactions by technical accounting experts.
We will not be able to conclude whether the actions we are taking will fully remediate the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting until the updated controls have operated for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that such controls are operating effectively. We may also conclude that additional measures may be required to remediate the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, which may necessitate further action.
c. Changes in Internal Control.
We made no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f)) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) identified in connection with the evaluation of our internal controls that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or which is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting. We are now taking actions to remediate the material weakness identified above, which may result in changes in our internal control over financial reporting in subsequent periods.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are a party to claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Our management evaluates our exposure to these claims and proceedings individually and in the aggregate and allocates additional monies for potential losses on such litigation if it is possible to estimate the amount of loss and if the amount of the loss is probable. We are not currently involved in any litigation, nor to our knowledge is any litigation threatened against us, the outcome of which would, in our judgment based on information currently available to us, have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which is available at www.sec.gov and on our website at www.cyclotherapeutics.com. Any of the risk factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results, and such risk factors may not be the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results. We do not undertake to update any of the "forward-looking" statements or to announce the results of any revisions to these "forward-looking" statements except as required by law.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
On June 3, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate of 81,644 fully vested shares of its common stock to its non-employee directors in lieu of cash compensation. These grants reflect director compensation for the first quarter of 2024. The number of shares received in lieu of cash was calculated based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on June 3, 2024 which was $1.28 per share. The shares of common stock issued to the non-employee directors contain a Rule 144 restrictive legend and are exempt from registration in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as a transaction by an issuer not involving a public offering.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Item 5. Other Information
During the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024, of our directors or officers (as defined in Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
Item 6. Exhibits
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EXHIBIT NO. |
DESCRIPTION |
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3.1 |
Articles of Incorporation of Cyclo Therapeutics, Inc., a Nevada corporation, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 18, 2024) |
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3.2 |
Bylaws of Cyclo Therapeutics, Inc., a Nevada corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 10, 2020) | |
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10.1 |
Convertible Promissory Note dated June 11, 2024 payable to Rafael Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 11, 2024) |
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10.2 |
Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement dated as of July 16, 2024 by and among Cyclo Therapeutics, Inc. and Rafael Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 17, 2024) [Note to Draft: If third convertible note is entered into with Rafael prior to filing of this 10-Q, this exhibit should be replaced with the Second Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement.] |
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10.3 |
Convertible Promissory Note dated July 16, 2024 payable to Rafael Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 17, 2024) |
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[10.4] |
[Convertible Promissory Note dated August [●], 2024 payable to Rafael Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August [●], 2024)] [[Note to Draft: Exhibit to be included if entered into prior to the filing of this 10-Q.] |
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31.1* |
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14a(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer |
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31.2* |
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14a(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer | |
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32.1* |
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32.2* |
||
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101.INS* |
Inline XBRL Instance Document |
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101.SCH* |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
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101.CAL* |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
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101.DEF* |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
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101.LAB* |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
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101.PRE* |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
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104* |
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Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |
*Filed herewith
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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CYCLO THERAPEUTICS, INC. |
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Date: August 15, 2024 |
By: |
/s/ N. Scott Fine |
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N. Scott Fine |
||
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Chief Executive Officer |
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(principal executive officer) |
||
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Date: August 15, 2024 |
By: |
/s/ Joshua M. Fine |
|
Joshua M. Fine |
||
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Chief Financial Officer |
||
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(principal financial and accounting officer) |
EXHIBIT 31.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
I, N. Scott Fine, certify that:
|
1. |
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Cyclo Therapeutics, Inc.; |
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2. |
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
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3. |
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
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4. |
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
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a. |
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
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b. |
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
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c. |
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
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d. |
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and |
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5. |
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
|
a. |
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
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b. |
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. |
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Date: August 15, 2024 |
By: |
/s/ N. Scott Fine |
|
N. Scott Fine |
||
|
Chief Executive Officer |
||
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(principal executive officer) |
EXHIBIT 31.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
I, Joshua M. Fine, certify that:
|
1. |
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Cyclo Therapeutics, Inc.; |
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2. |
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
|
3. |
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
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4. |
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
|
a. |
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
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b. |
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
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c. |
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
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d. |
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and |
|
5. |
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
|
a. |
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
|
b. |
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. |
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Date: August 15, 2024 |
By: |
/s/ Joshua M. Fine |
|
Joshua M. Fine |
||
|
Chief Financial Officer |
||
|
(principal financial and accounting officer) |
EXHIBIT 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Cyclo Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, N. Scott Fine, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
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(1) |
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and |
|
(2) |
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
|
Date: August 15, 2024 |
/s/ N. Scott Fine |
|
N. Scott Fine |
|
|
Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
(principal executive, financial and accounting officer) |
EXHIBIT 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Cyclo Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Joshua M. Fine, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
|
(1) |
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and |
|
(2) |
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
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Date: August 15, 2024 |
/s/ Joshua M. Fine |
|
Joshua M. Fine |
|
|
Chief Financial Officer |
|
|
(principal financial and accounting officer) |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|---|---|
| Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Current | $ 0 | $ 10,272 |
| Preferred Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share (in dollars per share) | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
| Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized (in shares) | 5,000,000 | 5,000,000 |
| Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares) | 0 | 0 |
| Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares) | 0 | 0 |
| Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share (in dollars per share) | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
| Common Stock, Shares Authorized (in shares) | 250,000,000 | 250,000,000 |
| Common Stock, Shares, Issued (in shares) | 28,696,028 | 28,556,072 |
| Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding (in shares) | 28,696,028 | 28,556,072 |
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
|
| REVENUES | ||||
| Product sales | $ 123,104 | $ 117,118 | $ 325,554 | $ 269,529 |
| COST OF PRODUCTS SOLD (exclusive of direct and indirect overhead and handling costs) | 13,381 | 19,909 | 25,204 | 30,105 |
| GROSS PROFIT | 109,723 | 97,209 | 300,350 | 239,424 |
| EXPENSES | ||||
| Personnel | 915,569 | 784,867 | 1,738,050 | 1,691,822 |
| Research and development | 3,491,800 | 3,170,199 | 6,337,283 | 6,568,366 |
| Repairs and maintenance | 7,964 | 7,063 | 10,327 | 8,315 |
| Professional fees | 387,443 | 414,402 | 1,017,831 | 897,237 |
| Office and other | 828,578 | 272,940 | 1,720,791 | 555,315 |
| Board of Director fees and costs | 111,382 | 75,458 | 215,780 | 147,583 |
| Depreciation | 2,177 | 4,819 | 4,354 | 9,638 |
| Freight and shipping | 501 | 403 | 874 | 1,222 |
| Loss on disposal of equipment | 0 | 0 | 11,813 | 0 |
| Total expenses | 5,745,414 | 4,730,151 | 11,057,103 | 9,879,498 |
| LOSS FROM OPERATIONS | (5,635,691) | (4,632,942) | (10,756,753) | (9,640,074) |
| us-gaap_OtherIncomeDisclosureNonoperatingAbstract | ||||
| Investment and other income, net | (195,877) | (3,513) | 41,691 | (3,466) |
| Lease income | 561,314 | 0 | 1,101,745 | 0 |
| Gain (Loss) on Change in Fair Value of Convertible Debt | (711,000) | 0 | (711,000) | 0 |
| Total other income (expense), net | (345,563) | (3,513) | 432,436 | (3,466) |
| LOSS BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES | (5,981,254) | (4,636,455) | (10,324,317) | (9,643,540) |
| PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE LOSS | $ (5,981,254) | $ (4,636,455) | $ (10,324,317) | $ (9,643,540) |
| BASIC AND DILUTED NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE (in dollars per share) | $ (0.21) | $ (0.33) | $ (0.36) | $ (0.77) |
| WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES BASIC AND DILUTED OUTSTANDING (in shares) | 28,638,878 | 14,042,214 | 28,612,377 | 12,537,394 |
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) |
Common Stock [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee [Member]
|
Common Stock [Member] |
Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee [Member]
|
Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] |
Retained Earnings [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee [Member]
|
Retained Earnings [Member] |
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee [Member] |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022 | 8,481,848 | |||||||
| Balance at Dec. 31, 2022 | $ 849 | $ 64,533,074 | $ (63,799,379) | $ 734,544 | ||||
| Stock issued to nonemployees (in shares) | 140,052 | |||||||
| Stock issued to nonemployees | $ 14 | $ 144,240 | $ 0 | $ 144,254 | ||||
| Stock-based compensation | 0 | 132,850 | 0 | 132,850 | ||||
| Net Loss | $ 0 | 0 | (9,643,540) | (9,643,540) | ||||
| Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023 | 15,308,449 | |||||||
| Balance at Jun. 30, 2023 | $ 1,531 | 71,956,553 | (73,442,919) | (1,484,835) | ||||
| Exercise of warrants (in shares) | 1,678,696 | |||||||
| Exercise of warrants | $ 168 | 0 | 0 | 168 | ||||
| Sale of common stock and accompanying warrants, net (in shares) | 5,007,853 | |||||||
| Sale of common stock and accompanying warrants, net | $ 500 | 7,146,389 | 0 | 7,146,889 | ||||
| Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023 | 10,553,544 | |||||||
| Balance at Mar. 31, 2023 | $ 1,056 | 68,366,532 | (68,806,464) | (438,876) | ||||
| Stock issued to nonemployees (in shares) | 140,052 | |||||||
| Stock issued to nonemployees | $ 14 | 144,240 | 0 | 144,254 | ||||
| Stock-based compensation | 0 | 41,182 | 0 | 41,182 | ||||
| Net Loss | $ 0 | 0 | (4,636,455) | (4,636,455) | ||||
| Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023 | 15,308,449 | |||||||
| Balance at Jun. 30, 2023 | $ 1,531 | 71,956,553 | (73,442,919) | (1,484,835) | ||||
| Sale of common stock (in shares) | 4,077,853 | |||||||
| Sale of common stock | $ 407 | 3,404,599 | 0 | 3,405,006 | ||||
| Exercise of warrants (in shares) | 537,000 | |||||||
| Exercise of warrants | $ 54 | 0 | 0 | 54 | ||||
| Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023 | 28,556,072 | |||||||
| Balance at Dec. 31, 2023 | $ 2,856 | 88,610,832 | (83,856,681) | 4,757,007 | ||||
| Merger recapitalization transaction costs | 0 | (94,515) | 0 | (94,515) | ||||
| Stock issued to nonemployees (in shares) | 139,956 | |||||||
| Stock issued to nonemployees | 196,623 | 0 | 196,637 | |||||
| Stock-based compensation | 0 | 0 | 342,440 | |||||
| Net Loss | $ 0 | 0 | (10,324,317) | (10,324,317) | ||||
| Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024 | 28,696,028 | |||||||
| Balance at Jun. 30, 2024 | $ 2,870 | 89,055,380 | (94,180,998) | (5,122,748) | ||||
| Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024 | 28,614,384 | |||||||
| Balance at Mar. 31, 2024 | $ 2,862 | 88,806,896 | (88,199,744) | |||||
| Merger recapitalization transaction costs | 0 | (25,234) | 0 | (25,234) | ||||
| Stock issued to nonemployees (in shares) | 81,644 | |||||||
| Stock issued to nonemployees | $ 104,496 | $ 0 | $ 104,504 | |||||
| Stock-based compensation | 0 | 0 | 169,222 | |||||
| Net Loss | $ 0 | 0 | (5,981,254) | (5,981,254) | ||||
| Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024 | 28,696,028 | |||||||
| Balance at Jun. 30, 2024 | $ 2,870 | $ 89,055,380 | $ (94,180,998) | $ (5,122,748) |
Note 1 - Organization and Description of Business |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2024 | |
| Notes to Financial Statements | |
| Organization and Description of Business [Text Block] |
(1) ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS:
Cyclo Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) was incorporated in August 1990 as a Florida corporation, under the name Cyclodextrin Technologies Development, Inc. with operations beginning in July 1992. In conjunction with a restructuring in 2000, we changed our name to CTD Holdings, Inc. We changed our name to Cyclo Therapeutics, Inc. in September 2019 to better reflect our current business and on November 6, 2020, we reincorporated from the State of Florida to the State of Nevada.
On December 27, 2023, the Company completed a strategic combination pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of September 21, 2023, by and among the Company, Cameo Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company ("Merger Sub”), and Applied Molecular Transport Inc., a Delaware corporation ("AMTI”), providing for the merger of Merger Sub with and into AMTI, with AMTI surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the "Merger”).
We are a clinical stage biotechnology company that develops cyclodextrin-based products for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. We filed a Type II Drug Master File with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in 2014 for our lead drug candidate, Trappsol® Cyclo™ (hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin) as a treatment for Niemann-Pick Type C disease (“NPC”). NPC is a rare and fatal autosomal recessive genetic disease resulting in disrupted cholesterol metabolism that impacts the brain, lungs, liver, spleen, and other organs. In 2015, we launched an International Clinical Program for Trappsol® Cyclo™ as a treatment for NPC. In 2016, we filed an Investigational New Drug application (“IND”) with the FDA, which described our Phase I clinical plans for a randomized, double blind, parallel group study at a single clinical site in the U.S. The Phase I study evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of Trappsol® Cyclo™ along with markers of cholesterol metabolism and markers of NPC during a 12-week treatment period of intravenous administration of Trappsol® Cyclo™ every two weeks to participants 18 years of age and older. The IND was approved by the FDA in September 2016, and in January 2017, the FDA granted Fast Track designation to Trappsol® Cyclo™ for the treatment of NPC. Initial patient enrollment in the U.S. Phase I study commenced in September 2017, and in May 2020, we announced top line data showing a favorable safety and tolerability profile for Trappsol® Cyclo™ in this study.
We have also completed a Phase I/II clinical study approved by European regulatory bodies with clinical trial centers in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Israel. The Phase I/II study evaluated the safety, tolerability and efficacy of Trappsol® Cyclo™ through a range of clinical outcomes, including neurologic, respiratory, and measurements of cholesterol metabolism and markers of NPC. Consistent with the 12-week Phase 1 study (single US site), the European/Israel study administered Trappsol® Cyclo™ intravenously to NPC patients every two weeks in a double-blind, randomized trial, but differs in that the study period was for 48 weeks (24 doses). In March of 2021 we announced that 100% of patients who completed the trial (9 out of 12) improved or remained stable, and 89% met the efficacy outcome measure of improvement in at least two domains of the 17-domain NPC severity scale.
Additionally, in February 2020 we had a face-to-face “Type C” meeting with the FDA with respect to the initiation of our pivotal Phase III clinical trial of Trappsol® Cyclo™ based on the clinical data obtained to date. At that meeting, we also discussed with the FDA submitting a New Drug Application (“NDA”) under Section 505(b)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act for the treatment of NPC in pediatric and adult patients with Trappsol® Cyclo™. A similar request was submitted to the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) in February 2020, seeking scientific advice and protocol assistance from the EMA for proceeding with a Phase III clinical trial in Europe. In October 2020 we received a “Study May Proceed” notification from the FDA with respect to the proposed Phase III clinical trial, and in June of 2021 we commenced enrollment in TransportNPC, a pivotal Phase III study of Trappsol® Cyclo™ for the treatment of NPC. In May 2024, we enrolled the last of the 104 patients in the Phase III study.
We are also exploring the use of cyclodextrins in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. In January 2018, the FDA authorized a single patient IND expanded access program using Trappsol® Cyclo™ for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. After 18 months of treatment in this geriatric patient with late-onset disease, the disease was stabilized and the drug was well tolerated. The patient also exhibited signs of improvement with less volatility and shorter latency in word-finding. We prepared a synopsis for an early stage protocol using Trappsol® Cyclo™ intravenously to treat Alzheimer’s disease that was presented to the FDA in January of 2021. We received feedback from the FDA on this synopsis in April 2021 and incorporated the feedback into an IND for a Phase II study for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease with Trappsol® Cyclo™ that we submitted to the FDA in November 2021. In December of 2021, we received IND clearance from the FDA, allowing us to proceed with our Phase II study of Trappsol® Cyclo™ for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. U.S. sites for the study were activated during the second half of 2022, and patient dosing began in the first quarter of 2023. In July 2024 we received a notice of decision from the European Patent Office to grant a patent application regarding the methods to treat Alzheimer’s Disease, with an effective date of August 21, 2024.
We also continue to operate our legacy fine chemical business, consisting of the sale of cyclodextrins and related products to the pharmaceutical, nutritional, and other industries, primarily for use in diagnostics and specialty drugs. However, our core business has transitioned to a biotechnology company primarily focused on the development of cyclodextrin- based biopharmaceuticals for the treatment of disease from a business that had been primarily reselling basic cyclodextrin products.
Going Concern and Liquidity
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company incurred a net loss of $5,981,254 and $10,324,317, respectively. The Company has an accumulated deficit of $94,180,998 at June 30, 2024. Our recent losses have predominantly resulted from research and development expenses for our Trappsol® Cyclo™ product and other general operating expenses, including personnel expenses and board advisory fees. We believe our expenses will continue to increase as we continue to conduct clinical trials and seek regulatory approval for the use of Trappsol® Cyclo™ in the treatment of NPC and Alzheimer’s disease.
For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company’s operations used $10,030,265 in cash and, at June 30, 2024, the Company had a cash balance of $1,121,812 and negative working capital of $5,378,089. We will need to raise additional capital in the foreseeable future to fund the development of our drug product candidates through clinical development, manufacturing and commercialization.
We intend to continue to raise such capital through the sale of equity securities from time to time, the issuance of debt securities, the sale or licensing of existing assets or assets in development, or from other non-dilutive funding mechanisms. Our ability to obtain such additional capital will likely be subject to various factors, including our overall business performance and market conditions. If we cannot raise the additional funds required for our anticipated operations, we may be required to reduce the scope of or eliminate our research and development programs, delay our clinical trials and the ability to seek regulatory approvals, downsize our general and administrative infrastructure, and/or seek alternative measures to avoid insolvency. If we raise additional funds through future offerings of shares of our common stock or other securities, such offerings would cause dilution of current stockholders’ percentage ownership in the Company, which could be substantial. Future offerings also could have a material and adverse effect on the price of our common stock.
Our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, were prepared on the basis of a going concern, which contemplates that we will be able to realize assets and discharge liabilities in the normal course of business. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the availability of equity or debt financing as noted above. Various factors including our overall business performance and market conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
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Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
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| Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] |
(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
The following is a summary of the more significant accounting policies of the Company that affect the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements:
(a) BASIS OF PRESENTATION––The condensed consolidated financial statements include the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including these notes, are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. Such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. The condensed consolidated financial statements, and these notes, have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and do not contain certain information included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. The condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with that Annual Report on Form 10-K. Results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that might be expected for the entire fiscal year.
(b) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS––Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and any highly liquid investments with an original purchased maturity of three months or less. The Company maintains deposits in financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits of $250,000, in the amount of $1,121,812 at June 30, 2024.
(c) ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE––Accounts receivable are unsecured and non-interest bearing and stated at the amount we expect to collect from outstanding balances. Customer account balances with invoices dated over 90 days old are considered past due. The Company does not accrue interest on past due accounts. Customer payments are allocated to the specific invoices identified on the customer’s remittance advice or, if unspecified, applied to the oldest unpaid invoices.
The carrying amount of accounts receivable is reduced by an allowance for credit losses that reflects management’s best estimate of expected credit losses. The Company reviews each customer balance where all or a portion of the balance exceeds 90 days from the invoice date. Based on the Company’s assessment of the customer's current and forecasted creditworthiness, the Company estimates the portion, if any, of the balance that will not be collected, and writes off receivables as a charge to the allowance for credit losses when, in management’s estimation, it is probable that the receivable is worthless. The Company determined an allowance for credit losses was necessary as of June 30, 2024. The allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2023 approximated $10,000.
The Company develops and documents its allowance for credit losses on its trade receivables based on portfolio segments, which include domestic and international customers. The determination of portfolio segments is based primarily on the customers’ geographical location. Our quantitative allowance for credit loss estimates was determined using the method that uses an aging schedule. The Company also considers qualitative adjustments that may relate to unique risks, changes in current economic conditions that may not be reflected in quantitatively derived results, or other relevant factors to further inform our estimate of the allowance for credit losses.
(d) INVENTORY AND COST OF PRODUCTS SOLD––Inventory consists of cyclodextrin products and chemical complexes purchased for resale recorded at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value. Cost of products sold includes the acquisition cost of the products sold and does not include any allocation of inbound or outbound freight charges, indirect overhead expenses, warehouse and distribution expenses, or depreciation and amortization expense. The Company records a specific reserve for inventory items that are determined to be obsolete. The Company determined reserve for obsolete inventory was necessary as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
The Company’s reserve for obsolete inventory is based on the Company’s best estimates of product sales and customer demands. It is reasonably possible that the estimates used by the Company to determine its provisions for inventory write-downs will be materially different from actual write-downs. These differences could result in materially higher than expected inventory provisions and related costs, which could have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition in the near term. (e) PREPAID CLINICAL EXPENSES––Prepaid clinical expenses consist of our active pharmaceutical ingredients and other raw materials for our pharmaceutical drug Trappsol® Cyclo™ expected to be used in our clinical trial program recorded at cost. In addition, advance payments for goods or services for future research and development activities are included as prepaid clinical expenses. Prepaid clinical expenses are expensed as research and development costs as the goods are delivered or the related services are performed.
(f) FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT––Furniture and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using primarily the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (generally to years for computers and vehicles and to years for machinery, equipment and office furniture). We periodically review our long-lived assets to determine if the carrying value of assets may not be recoverable. If an impairment is identified, we recognize a loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the estimated fair value of the asset.
(g) LEASES––The Company leases office and warehouse space. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Contracts containing a lease are further evaluated for classification as an operating or finance lease where the Company is a lessee, or as an operating, sales-type or direct financing lease where the Company is a lessor, based on their terms. Operating leases are included in right-of-use ("ROU") lease assets and lease liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company subleases office space under one existing lease to a third party. Sublease income is reported as other income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
In evaluating contracts to determine if they qualify as a lease, the Company considers factors such as if the Company has obtained substantially all of the rights to the underlying asset through exclusivity, if it can direct the use of the asset by making decisions about how and for what purpose the asset will be used and if the lessor has substantive substitution rights. This evaluation may require significant judgment.
(h) REVENUE RECOGNITION––Revenues are recognized when our customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We recognize revenues following the five step model prescribed under Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09: (i) identify contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenues when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligation.
Product revenues
The majority of our revenue is garnered in North America from companies in the pharmaceutical industry that are manufacturing or conducting research with our fine chemical products. In other countries, we sell our products primarily to wholesale distributors and other third-party distribution partners. Revenues from product sales are recognized when the customer obtains control of our product, which occurs at a point in time, typically upon delivery to the customer. We expense incremental costs of obtaining a contract as and when incurred if the expected amortization period of the asset that we would have recognized is one year or less or the amount is immaterial. We treat shipping and handling costs performed after a customer obtains control of the product as a fulfillment cost. We have identified one performance obligation in our contracts with customers which is the delivery of product to our customers. The transaction price is recognized in full when we deliver the product to our customer, which is the point at which we have satisfied our performance obligation.
For additional information on our revenues, please read Note 3, Revenues, to these condensed consolidated financial statements.
(i) SHIPPING AND HANDLING FEES––Shipping and handling fees, if billed to customers, are included in product sales. Shipping and handling costs associated with inbound and outbound freight are expensed as incurred and included in freight and shipping expense.
(j) ADVERTISING––Advertising costs are charged to operations when incurred. We incur minimal advertising expenses.
(k) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS––Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. The Company records amounts paid in advance of the service being rendered as a prepaid asset, and the expense recognized when the service is performed. Research and development costs are primarily comprised of materials used in our clinical trials, personnel-related expenses and external research and development expenses incurred under arrangements with third parties, such as contract research organizations and consultants. At the end of each reporting period, the Company compares the payments made to each service provider to the estimated progress towards completion of the related project. Factors that the Company considers in preparing these estimates include the number of patients enrolled in studies, milestones achieved, and other criteria related to the efforts of its vendors. These estimates will be subject to change as additional information becomes available. Depending on the timing of payments to vendors and estimated services provided, the Company will record net prepaid or accrued expenses related to these costs. Prepaid clinical expenses represent valid future economic benefits based on our contracts with our vendors and are realized in the ordinary course of business.
(l) INCOME TAXES––Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. In addition, tax benefits related to positions considered uncertain are recognized only when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions shall initially and subsequently be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets.
(m) NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE–– Basic and fully diluted net loss per common share is computed using a simple weighted average of common shares outstanding during the periods presented, as outstanding warrants to purchase 15,686,916 shares of common stock were antidilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, and warrants to purchase 11,411,813 and 7,419,760 shares of common stock were antidilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. Additionally, outstanding options to purchase 1,779,161 shares of common stock were antidilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and outstanding options to purchase 801,861 shares of common stock were antidilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and therefore are also excluded.
(n) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION––The Company periodically awards stock to employees, directors, and consultants. In the case of employees and consultants, an expense is recognized equal to the fair value of the stock determined using the closing trading price of the stock on the award date. With respect to directors, the Company accrues stock compensation expense on a quarterly basis based on the Company’s historical director compensation policies, and each quarter recognizes such expense based on the trading price of the common stock during such quarter. This expense is then trued up at the time the shares are issued to directors based on the trading price at the time of issuance.
The Company periodically issues stock options under its 2021 Equity Incentive Plan. The Company uses the Black-Scholes valuation method to estimate the fair value of stock options at grant date. Compensation expense is recognized on the straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period.
(o) FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND DISCLOSURES––Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” requires companies to determine fair value based on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability to a market participant. ASC 820 emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement.
The guidance requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:
Long-lived assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and are subject to fair value adjustments when there is evidence of impairment.
For short-term classes of our financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable, and which are not reported at fair value, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.
As of June 30, 2024, money market funds and a convertible note payable were the only financial instrument measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Money market funds were recorded within cash and cash equivalents. We classified the convertible note payable as a Level 3 fair value measurement and used the Black-Scholes model to calculate the fair value as of June 11, 2024, and for each reporting period. Key inputs for the simulation are summarized below. The Black-Scholes simulation uses inputs such as the stock price, volatility, the contractual term of the convertible note payable, risk free interest rates and dividend yields. The following table presents money market funds and the convertible note payable at their level within the fair value hierarchy for the periods indicated. As of December 31, 2023, money market funds were the only financial instrument measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The range of key inputs for the Black-Scholes simulation related to the convertible note payable for the three months ended June 30, 2024, were as follows:
Convertible Note Payable
The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of our convertible note payable categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
(p) USE OF ESTIMATES––The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions, including regarding contingencies, that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company’s most significant estimates relate to inventory obsolescence, stock-based compensation, fair value of convertible note issued, warrant liability valuation, fair value of warrants issued, assumed liabilities, and allowance for credit losses. Although management bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results could significantly differ from these estimates.
(q) RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS––
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." The new guidance is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures by requiring disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation and information on income taxes paid. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendment should be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have on the condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through additional and more detailed information about a reportable segment's expenses. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with retrospective application required and early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions” ("ASU 2022-03”) which clarifies guidance for fair value measurement of an equity security subject to a contractual sale restriction and establishes new disclosure requirements for such equity securities. ASU 2022-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and for interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the guidance as of January 1, 2024, and it did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
(r) WARRANTS––The Company accounts for its warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the specific terms of the warrants considering the authoritative guidance in ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480 and meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own common stock and satisfy additional conditions for equity classification. Warrants that are liability-classified are measured at fair value at each reporting date in accordance with the guidance in ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” with any subsequent changes in fair value recognized in the statement of operations in the period of change. The fair value of liability classified warrants was not material at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. |
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Note 3 - Revenues |
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| Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block] |
(3) REVENUES:
The Company operates in business segment, which primarily focuses on the development and commercialization of innovative cyclodextrin-based products for the treatment of people with serious and life-threatening rare diseases and medical conditions. However, substantially all of the Company’s revenues are derived from the sale of cyclodextrins and related products to the pharmaceutical, nutritional, and other industries, primarily for use in diagnostics and specialty drugs.
Revenues by product are summarized as follows:
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Note 4 - Major Customers and Suppliers |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 | |
| Notes to Financial Statements | |
| Major Customers and Suppliers Disclosure [Text Block] |
(4) MAJOR CUSTOMERS AND SUPPLIERS:
For the three months ended June 30, 2024, major customers accounted for 92% of total revenues. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, major customers accounting for 89% of total revenues. Accounts receivable for these major customers represent 75% of total accounts receivable at June 30, 2024. Accounts receivable balances for customers accounted for 97% of total accounts receivable at June 30, 2024.
For the three months ended June 30, 2023, major customers accounted for 86% of total revenues. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, major customers accounting for 71% of total revenues. Accounts receivable for these major customers represent 50% of total accounts receivable at June 30, 2023. Accounts receivable balances for customers accounted for 99% of total accounts receivable at June 30, 2023.
The Company purchases inventory primarily from four vendors; however, the Company believes it can maintain purchases at similar levels through other readily available vendors in the marketplace. The Company maintains vendors both domestically and internationally.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the product mix of our revenues consisted entirely of basic natural and chemically modified cyclodextrins. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the product mix of our revenues consisted of 96% basic natural and chemically modified cyclodextrins and 4% cyclodextrin complexes. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the product mix of our revenues consisted entirely of basic natural and chemically modified cyclodextrins. |
Note 5 - Concentrations of Credit Risk |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 | |
| Notes to Financial Statements | |
| Concentration Risk Disclosure [Text Block] |
(5) CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK:
Significant concentrations of credit risk for all financial instruments owned by the Company are as follows:
The Company's financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash equivalents represent highly liquid investments with maturities of 90 days or less at the date of purchase. Credit risk related to cash and cash equivalents is based on the creditworthiness of the financial institutions at which these funds are held. The Company has cash balances at financial institutions which throughout the year may exceed the federally insured limit of $250,000. Any loss incurred or a lack of access to such funds could have a significant adverse impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. To reduce its risk associated with the failure of such financial institutions, the Company evaluates the rating of the financial institutions in which it holds deposits. Any material loss that the Company may experience in the future could have an adverse effect on its ability to pay its operational expenses or make other payments and may require the Company to move its cash to other high quality financial institutions. Currently, the Company is reviewing its bank relationships in order to mitigate its risk to ensure that its exposure is limited or reduced to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation protection limits.
The Company extends credit to customers in the normal course of business. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable exist to the full extent of amounts presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company does not require collateral from its customers to secure accounts receivable.
The Company has no significant off-balance sheet risk such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts, or other hedging arrangements.
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Note 6 - Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses |
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| Notes to Financial Statements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities Disclosure [Text Block] |
(6) ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following:
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Note 7 - Convertible Notes Payable |
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Jun. 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Long-Term Debt [Text Block] |
(7) CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE:
On June 11, 2024, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (the “Initial NPA”) with Rafael Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Rafael”), the holder of approximately 31.5% of our common stock, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $2,000,000.00 (the “June Note”) to Rafael. On July 16, 2024, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement (the “Amended NPA”) with Rafael, which amended and restated the Initial NPA in its entirety, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold a second convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $2,000,000 (the “July Note,” [and together with the June Note, the “Notes,” and each a “Note”]) to Rafael. Each Note matures on November 11, 2024 and bears interest at a rate of 5% per annum, payable upon maturity. Each Note may be prepaid by the Company in full at any time. The principal amount of each Note is convertible into shares of our common stock, prior to the repayment of such Note, at the option of Rafael; automatically if the Company enters into a Qualified Financing (as defined) and at the option of Rafael if a Sale Transaction (as defined) occurs prior to repayment of such Note, all at the price and on the terms and conditions set forth in such Note. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined) under any Note, including the failure of the Company to pay the principal or interest under any Note, when due, the obligations of the Company under each Note may be accelerated. The Company intends to use the proceeds of the Notes for working capital and general corporate purposes.
Due to these embedded features within the Note, the Company elected to account for the Note and the embedded features at fair value at inception. Subsequent changes in fair value are recorded as a component of other income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Interest expense on the Note totaled $34,521 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and is included in the fair value of the note.
The following table presents the Note as of June 30, 2024:
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Note 8 - Leases |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2024 | |
| Notes to Financial Statements | |
| Lessee, Operating Leases [Text Block] |
(8) LEASES:
The Company entered into an operating lease in January 2023 for office and warehouse space, which has a lease term expiring in January 2026, with an option to extend for an additional years. As it is not reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option to extend, the additional three years have not been included in the lease term. This lease replaced an existing operating lease which expired in January 2023. The Company also assumed an operating lease for office space which is being subleased to a third party. The lease and sublease agreement expire in August 2024.
Right-of-use lease assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization, $661,168 and $17,242 as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was $546,594 and $1,074,011, respectively. Lease expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $5,612 and $15,147, respectively. |
Note 9 - Equity Transactions |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2024 | |
| Notes to Financial Statements | |
| Equity [Text Block] |
(9) EQUITY TRANSACTIONS:
The Company accrues stock compensation expense over the period earned for employees and board members. Stock compensation expense for board members is included in “Board of Directors fees and costs” on our condensed consolidated statement of operations, and stock compensation expense for officers and employees that are not board members is included in “Personnel” and "Research and development" on our condensed consolidated statement of operations.
In the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recognized compensation expense of $102,110 and $206,637 to board members, in addition to $92,133 of accrued stock compensation as of December 31, 2023 and issued 81,644 and 139,956 shares of common stock to board members in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recognized compensation expense to board members of $82,754 and $113,504, in addition to $30,750 of accrued stock compensation as of December 31, 2022, and issued 140,052 shares of common stock to board members in the three months ended June 30, 2023. The Company did issue any shares to employees during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. |
Note 10 - Income Taxes |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 | |
| Notes to Financial Statements | |
| Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block] |
(10) INCOME TAXES:
The Company reported a net loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company increased its deferred tax asset valuation allowance rather than recognize an income tax benefit. |
Note 11 - Equity Incentive Plan |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 | |
| Notes to Financial Statements | |
| Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block] |
(11) EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN:
On August 29, 2019, the Company’s stockholders approved the Company’s 2019 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan at a special meeting of stockholders (the “Incentive Plan”). The Incentive Plan provides for the issuance of up to 68,437 shares of common stock pursuant to the grant of shares of common stock, stock options or other awards, to employees, officers or directors of, and consultants to, the Company and its subsidiaries. Options granted under the Incentive Plan may either be intended to qualify as incentive stock options under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or may be non-qualified options, and are exercisable over periods not exceeding years from date of grant. As of June 30, 2024, we had awarded 68,437 shares of common stock as awards under the Incentive Plan, with shares of common stock remaining available for future awards under the Incentive Plan.
On June 24, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the Company’s 2021 Equity Incentive Plan at its annual meeting of stockholders (the “2021 Plan”). The 2021 Plan provides for the issuance of up to 3,000,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the grant of shares of common stock, stock options or other awards, to employees, officers or directors of, and consultants to, the Company and its subsidiaries. Options granted under the 2021 Plan may either be intended to qualify as incentive stock options under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or may be non-qualified options, and are exercisable over periods not exceeding years from date of grant. As of June 30, 2024, we had awarded 536,793 shares of common stock and granted options to purchase 1,671,441 shares of common stock under the 2021 Plan, with 791,766 shares of common stock remaining available for future awards. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company granted options to purchase 879,341 shares of common stock under the 2021 Plan. The options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 were valued using the Black Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions: (i) expected term of 3.00 to 6.25 years; (ii) risk free interest rate of 4.41%; (iii) expected volatility of 102.97% to 111.25%; and (iv) dividend yield of 0.0%. The weighted-average grant date fair value of the options issued by the Company during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 ranged from $0.83 to $1.06 per share.
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Note 12 - Net Loss Per Share |
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| Earnings Per Share [Text Block] |
(12) NET LOSS PER SHARE: The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share.
The Company reported a net loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, therefore, the basic and diluted net loss per share are the same in the respective periods because the inclusion of potential common shares would have an antidilutive effect. Potential shares of common stock that are excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding are as follows:
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Note 13 - Purchase Commitments |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 | |
| Notes to Financial Statements | |
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block] |
(13) PURCHASE COMMITMENTS:
In connection with an agreement executed in January 2022 with Ashland, Inc., the Company committed to purchase the minimum amounts of goods used in its normal operations based on completion of certain milestones. The first milestone was met during the first quarter of 2023, and $980,000 of goods were purchased and received. In the second quarter of 2023, the Company was invoiced for the second milestone, and began to receive product during the first quarter of 2024. Future annual minimum purchases remaining under the agreement are $980,000. |
Note 14 - Subsequent Events |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 | |
| Notes to Financial Statements | |
| Subsequent Events [Text Block] |
(14) SUBSEQUENT EVENTS:
On July 16, 2024, the Company entered into the Amended NPA with Rafael, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $2,000,000 to Rafael. For additional information on this convertible promissory note, please read Note 7, Convertible Notes Payable, to these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Insider Trading Arrangements |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
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| Insider Trading Arr Line Items | ||
| Material Terms of Trading Arrangement [Text Block] |
Item 5. Other Information
During the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024, of our directors or officers (as defined in Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
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| Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag] | false | |
| Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag] | false | |
| Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag] | false | |
| Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag] | false |
Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
(a) BASIS OF PRESENTATION––The condensed consolidated financial statements include the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including these notes, are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. Such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. The condensed consolidated financial statements, and these notes, have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and do not contain certain information included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. The condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with that Annual Report on Form 10-K. Results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that might be expected for the entire fiscal year.
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| Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
(b) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS––Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and any highly liquid investments with an original purchased maturity of three months or less. The Company maintains deposits in financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits of $250,000, in the amount of $1,121,812 at June 30, 2024.
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| Receivable [Policy Text Block] |
(c) ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE––Accounts receivable are unsecured and non-interest bearing and stated at the amount we expect to collect from outstanding balances. Customer account balances with invoices dated over 90 days old are considered past due. The Company does not accrue interest on past due accounts. Customer payments are allocated to the specific invoices identified on the customer’s remittance advice or, if unspecified, applied to the oldest unpaid invoices.
The carrying amount of accounts receivable is reduced by an allowance for credit losses that reflects management’s best estimate of expected credit losses. The Company reviews each customer balance where all or a portion of the balance exceeds 90 days from the invoice date. Based on the Company’s assessment of the customer's current and forecasted creditworthiness, the Company estimates the portion, if any, of the balance that will not be collected, and writes off receivables as a charge to the allowance for credit losses when, in management’s estimation, it is probable that the receivable is worthless. The Company determined an allowance for credit losses was necessary as of June 30, 2024. The allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2023 approximated $10,000.
The Company develops and documents its allowance for credit losses on its trade receivables based on portfolio segments, which include domestic and international customers. The determination of portfolio segments is based primarily on the customers’ geographical location. Our quantitative allowance for credit loss estimates was determined using the method that uses an aging schedule. The Company also considers qualitative adjustments that may relate to unique risks, changes in current economic conditions that may not be reflected in quantitatively derived results, or other relevant factors to further inform our estimate of the allowance for credit losses.
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| Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
(d) INVENTORY AND COST OF PRODUCTS SOLD––Inventory consists of cyclodextrin products and chemical complexes purchased for resale recorded at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value. Cost of products sold includes the acquisition cost of the products sold and does not include any allocation of inbound or outbound freight charges, indirect overhead expenses, warehouse and distribution expenses, or depreciation and amortization expense. The Company records a specific reserve for inventory items that are determined to be obsolete. The Company determined reserve for obsolete inventory was necessary as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
The Company’s reserve for obsolete inventory is based on the Company’s best estimates of product sales and customer demands. It is reasonably possible that the estimates used by the Company to determine its provisions for inventory write-downs will be materially different from actual write-downs. These differences could result in materially higher than expected inventory provisions and related costs, which could have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition in the near term. |
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| Prepaid Expenses [Policy Text Block] | (e) PREPAID CLINICAL EXPENSES––Prepaid clinical expenses consist of our active pharmaceutical ingredients and other raw materials for our pharmaceutical drug Trappsol® Cyclo™ expected to be used in our clinical trial program recorded at cost. In addition, advance payments for goods or services for future research and development activities are included as prepaid clinical expenses. Prepaid clinical expenses are expensed as research and development costs as the goods are delivered or the related services are performed. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block] | (f) FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT––Furniture and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using primarily the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (generally to years for computers and vehicles and to years for machinery, equipment and office furniture). We periodically review our long-lived assets to determine if the carrying value of assets may not be recoverable. If an impairment is identified, we recognize a loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the estimated fair value of the asset. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lessee, Leases [Policy Text Block] |
(g) LEASES––The Company leases office and warehouse space. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Contracts containing a lease are further evaluated for classification as an operating or finance lease where the Company is a lessee, or as an operating, sales-type or direct financing lease where the Company is a lessor, based on their terms. Operating leases are included in right-of-use ("ROU") lease assets and lease liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company subleases office space under one existing lease to a third party. Sublease income is reported as other income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
In evaluating contracts to determine if they qualify as a lease, the Company considers factors such as if the Company has obtained substantially all of the rights to the underlying asset through exclusivity, if it can direct the use of the asset by making decisions about how and for what purpose the asset will be used and if the lessor has substantive substitution rights. This evaluation may require significant judgment.
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| Revenue [Policy Text Block] |
(h) REVENUE RECOGNITION––Revenues are recognized when our customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We recognize revenues following the five step model prescribed under Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09: (i) identify contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenues when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligation.
Product revenues
The majority of our revenue is garnered in North America from companies in the pharmaceutical industry that are manufacturing or conducting research with our fine chemical products. In other countries, we sell our products primarily to wholesale distributors and other third-party distribution partners. Revenues from product sales are recognized when the customer obtains control of our product, which occurs at a point in time, typically upon delivery to the customer. We expense incremental costs of obtaining a contract as and when incurred if the expected amortization period of the asset that we would have recognized is one year or less or the amount is immaterial. We treat shipping and handling costs performed after a customer obtains control of the product as a fulfillment cost. We have identified one performance obligation in our contracts with customers which is the delivery of product to our customers. The transaction price is recognized in full when we deliver the product to our customer, which is the point at which we have satisfied our performance obligation.
For additional information on our revenues, please read Note 3, Revenues, to these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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| Revenue from Contract with Customer, Shipping and Handling Fees, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
(i) SHIPPING AND HANDLING FEES––Shipping and handling fees, if billed to customers, are included in product sales. Shipping and handling costs associated with inbound and outbound freight are expensed as incurred and included in freight and shipping expense.
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| Advertising Cost [Policy Text Block] |
(j) ADVERTISING––Advertising costs are charged to operations when incurred. We incur minimal advertising expenses.
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| Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
(k) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS––Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. The Company records amounts paid in advance of the service being rendered as a prepaid asset, and the expense recognized when the service is performed. Research and development costs are primarily comprised of materials used in our clinical trials, personnel-related expenses and external research and development expenses incurred under arrangements with third parties, such as contract research organizations and consultants. At the end of each reporting period, the Company compares the payments made to each service provider to the estimated progress towards completion of the related project. Factors that the Company considers in preparing these estimates include the number of patients enrolled in studies, milestones achieved, and other criteria related to the efforts of its vendors. These estimates will be subject to change as additional information becomes available. Depending on the timing of payments to vendors and estimated services provided, the Company will record net prepaid or accrued expenses related to these costs. Prepaid clinical expenses represent valid future economic benefits based on our contracts with our vendors and are realized in the ordinary course of business.
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| Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
(l) INCOME TAXES––Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. In addition, tax benefits related to positions considered uncertain are recognized only when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions shall initially and subsequently be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets.
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| Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
(m) NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE–– Basic and fully diluted net loss per common share is computed using a simple weighted average of common shares outstanding during the periods presented, as outstanding warrants to purchase 15,686,916 shares of common stock were antidilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, and warrants to purchase 11,411,813 and 7,419,760 shares of common stock were antidilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. Additionally, outstanding options to purchase 1,779,161 shares of common stock were antidilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and outstanding options to purchase 801,861 shares of common stock were antidilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and therefore are also excluded.
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| Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Policy Text Block] |
(n) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION––The Company periodically awards stock to employees, directors, and consultants. In the case of employees and consultants, an expense is recognized equal to the fair value of the stock determined using the closing trading price of the stock on the award date. With respect to directors, the Company accrues stock compensation expense on a quarterly basis based on the Company’s historical director compensation policies, and each quarter recognizes such expense based on the trading price of the common stock during such quarter. This expense is then trued up at the time the shares are issued to directors based on the trading price at the time of issuance.
The Company periodically issues stock options under its 2021 Equity Incentive Plan. The Company uses the Black-Scholes valuation method to estimate the fair value of stock options at grant date. Compensation expense is recognized on the straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period.
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| Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
(o) FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND DISCLOSURES––Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” requires companies to determine fair value based on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability to a market participant. ASC 820 emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement.
The guidance requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:
Long-lived assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and are subject to fair value adjustments when there is evidence of impairment.
For short-term classes of our financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable, and which are not reported at fair value, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.
As of June 30, 2024, money market funds and a convertible note payable were the only financial instrument measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Money market funds were recorded within cash and cash equivalents. We classified the convertible note payable as a Level 3 fair value measurement and used the Black-Scholes model to calculate the fair value as of June 11, 2024, and for each reporting period. Key inputs for the simulation are summarized below. The Black-Scholes simulation uses inputs such as the stock price, volatility, the contractual term of the convertible note payable, risk free interest rates and dividend yields. The following table presents money market funds and the convertible note payable at their level within the fair value hierarchy for the periods indicated. As of December 31, 2023, money market funds were the only financial instrument measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The range of key inputs for the Black-Scholes simulation related to the convertible note payable for the three months ended June 30, 2024, were as follows:
Convertible Note Payable
The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of our convertible note payable categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
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| Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
(p) USE OF ESTIMATES––The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions, including regarding contingencies, that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company’s most significant estimates relate to inventory obsolescence, stock-based compensation, fair value of convertible note issued, warrant liability valuation, fair value of warrants issued, assumed liabilities, and allowance for credit losses. Although management bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results could significantly differ from these estimates.
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| New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
(q) RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS––
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." The new guidance is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures by requiring disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation and information on income taxes paid. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendment should be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have on the condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through additional and more detailed information about a reportable segment's expenses. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with retrospective application required and early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions” ("ASU 2022-03”) which clarifies guidance for fair value measurement of an equity security subject to a contractual sale restriction and establishes new disclosure requirements for such equity securities. ASU 2022-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and for interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the guidance as of January 1, 2024, and it did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables) |
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| Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block] |
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| Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Table Text Block] |
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| Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Table Text Block] |
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Note 3 - Revenues (Tables) |
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Note 6 - Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses (Tables) |
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| Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Table Text Block] |
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Note 7 - Convertible Notes Payable (Tables) |
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| Convertible Debt [Table Text Block] |
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Note 12 - Net Loss Per Share (Tables) |
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| Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block] |
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| Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block] |
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Note 1 - Organization and Description of Business (Details Textual) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | |||
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Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|
| Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent | $ 5,981,254 | $ 4,636,455 | $ 10,324,317 | $ 9,643,540 | |
| Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) | 94,180,998 | 94,180,998 | $ 83,856,681 | ||
| Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities | 10,030,265 | $ 7,848,945 | |||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents, at Carrying Value | 1,121,812 | 1,121,812 | $ 9,246,592 | ||
| Working Capital Deficit | $ 5,378,089 | $ 5,378,089 | |||
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Key Inputs (Details) - Convertible Debt [Member] |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
|---|---|
| Measurement Input, Share Price [Member] | |
| Key inputs | 1.27 |
| Measurement Input, Expected Term [Member] | Minimum [Member] | |
| Key inputs | 0.29 |
| Measurement Input, Expected Term [Member] | Maximum [Member] | |
| Key inputs | 0.37 |
| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate [Member] | Minimum [Member] | |
| Key inputs | 0.0527 |
| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate [Member] | Maximum [Member] | |
| Key inputs | 0.0531 |
| Measurement Input, Price Volatility [Member] | Minimum [Member] | |
| Key inputs | 0.63 |
| Measurement Input, Price Volatility [Member] | Maximum [Member] | |
| Key inputs | 0.66 |
| Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate [Member] | |
| Key inputs | 0 |
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Changes in Fair Value of Notes (Details) - Convertible Notes Payable [Member] |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
| |
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $ 0 |
| Issuance of Convertible Note | 2,000,000 |
| Change in fair value of Note | 711,000 |
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 | $ 2,711,000 |
Note 3 - Revenues (Details Textual) |
3 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 | |
| Number of Operating Segments | 1 |
Note 3 - Revenues - Revenues by Product (Details) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
|
| Total revenues | $ 123,104 | $ 117,118 | $ 325,554 | $ 269,529 |
| Trappsol Cyclo [Member] | ||||
| Total revenues | 20,951 | 57,244 | 219,604 | 143,228 |
| Trappsol HPB [Member] | ||||
| Total revenues | 100,900 | 59,816 | 103,939 | 116,439 |
| Aquaplex [Member] | ||||
| Total revenues | 470 | 58 | 564 | 9,862 |
| Product and Service, Other [Member] | ||||
| Total revenues | $ 783 | $ 0 | $ 1,447 | $ 0 |
Note 6 - Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|---|---|
| Accounts payable | $ 3,859,822 | $ 4,856,530 |
| Accrued bonus compensation | 1,201,459 | 1,590,776 |
| Accrued board expense | 102,110 | 92,110 |
| Sub-lease deposit liability | 243,724 | 243,742 |
| Merger liabilities | 1,040,586 | 487,402 |
| Other | 396,311 | 186,856 |
| Total accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ 6,844,012 | $ 7,457,416 |
Note 7 - Convertible Notes Payable (Details Textual) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jul. 16, 2024 |
Jun. 11, 2024 |
|
| Rafael Holdings, Inc. [Member] | ||||
| Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage | 5.00% | |||
| Interest Expense, Debt | $ 34,521 | $ 34,521 | ||
| Rafael Holdings, Inc. [Member] | June Note [Member] | ||||
| Debt Instrument, Face Amount | $ 2,000,000 | |||
| Rafael Holdings, Inc. [Member] | July Note [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member] | ||||
| Debt Instrument, Face Amount | $ 2,000,000 | |||
| Rafael Holdings, Inc. [Member] | ||||
| Ownership Percentage | 31.50% |
Note 7 - Convertible Notes Payable - Schedule of Convertible Notes Payable (Details) |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
| |
| Issuance of convertible Note | $ 2,000,000 |
| Rafael Holdings, Inc. [Member] | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | 0 |
| Issuance of convertible Note | 2,000,000 |
| Change in fair value of Note | 711,000 |
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 | $ 2,711,000 |
Note 8 - Leases (Details Textual) - USD ($) |
1 Months Ended | 3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jan. 31, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|
| Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Amortization | $ 661,168 | $ 661,168 | $ 17,242 | |||
| Operating Lease, Expense | $ 546,594 | $ 5,612 | $ 1,074,011 | $ 15,147 | ||
| Office Lease [Member] | ||||||
| Lessee, Operating Lease, Extension Option, Renewal Term | 3 years | |||||
Note 9 - Equity Transactions (Details Textual) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Mar. 31, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
|
| Board Members [Member] | ||||||||
| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expense | $ 206,637 | $ 82,754 | $ 102,110 | $ 113,504 | ||||
| Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Compensation Expense | $ 92,133 | $ 30,750 | ||||||
| Shares Issued, Shares, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, before Forfeiture (in shares) | 81,644 | 140,052 | 139,956 | |||||
| Employee and Board [Member] | ||||||||
| Shares Issued, Shares, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, before Forfeiture (in shares) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Note 12 - Net Loss Per Share - Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
|
| Net Loss | $ (5,981,254) | $ (4,636,455) | $ (10,324,317) | $ (9,643,540) |
| WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES BASIC AND DILUTED OUTSTANDING (in shares) | 28,638,878 | 14,042,214 | 28,612,377 | 12,537,394 |
| BASIC AND DILUTED NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE (in dollars per share) | $ (0.21) | $ (0.33) | $ (0.36) | $ (0.77) |
| Approximation [Member] | ||||
| BASIC AND DILUTED NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE (in dollars per share) | $ (0.21) | $ (0.36) | $ (0.36) | $ (0.77) |
Note 11 - Net Loss Per Share - Antidilutive Securities Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (Details) - shares |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
|
| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] | ||||
| Antidilutive Securities (in shares) | 1,779,161 | 801,861 | 1,779,161 | 801,861 |
| Warrant [Member] | ||||
| Antidilutive Securities (in shares) | 15,686,916 | 11,411,813 | 15,686,916 | 11,411,813 |
Note 13 - Purchase Commitments (Details Textual) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
|
| Purchase Commitment, Remaining Minimum Amount Committed | $ 980,000 | |
| Ashland, Inc. [Member] | Purchase Commitment [Member] | ||
| Purchase Commitment, Goods Purchased During Period | $ 980,000 |
Note 14 - Subsequent Events (Details Textual) |
Jul. 16, 2024
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Subsequent Event [Member] | July Note [Member] | Rafael Holdings, Inc. [Member] | |
| Debt Instrument, Face Amount | $ 2,000,000 |