<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0202</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2005-01-21</periodOfReport>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000921847</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>HUDSON CITY BANCORP INC</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>HCBK</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001312551</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Brydon Thomas W</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>W. 80 CENTURY ROAD</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>PARAMUS</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>NJ</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>07652</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle>Senior Vice President</officerTitle>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock, par value $0.01</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2005-01-21</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>A</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>10000</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>0</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>20460</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value></value>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock, par value $0.01</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>27840</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value></value>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock, par value $0.01</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>18133</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>By PIB</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F3"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock, par value $0.01</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>7823</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>By ESOP</value>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <derivativeTable>
        <derivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Stk Optn(Right to Buy)</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>35.84</value>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2005-01-21</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>A</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>15000</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>0</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <exerciseDate>
                <footnoteId id="F4"/>
                <footnoteId id="F5"/>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2015-01-21</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stk</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>15000</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>15000</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value></value>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeTransaction>
        <derivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Stk Optn(Right to Buy)</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>39.20</value>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <exerciseDate>
                <footnoteId id="F4"/>
                <footnoteId id="F5"/>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2004-02-19</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stk</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>20000</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>20000</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value></value>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeHolding>
        <derivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Stk Optn(Right to Buy)</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>6.9375</value>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <exerciseDate>
                <footnoteId id="F4"/>
                <footnoteId id="F5"/>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2010-01-13</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stk</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>28000</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>28000</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value></value>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeHolding>
    </derivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">Grant to the reporting person of 10,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Hudson City Bancorp, Inc. 2000 Recognition and Retention Plan (&quot;RRP&quot;), which the stockholders approved at a Special Meeting of Stockholders of Hudson City Bancorp, Inc. held on January 13, 2000 (&quot;Special Meeting&quot;) was effective January 21, 2005. Such award will vest in equal installments, at a rate of 20% per year, on each of April 20, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. Previous award to the reporting person of 3,500 shares of common stock pursuant to the RRP was made by the Board of Directors, effective February 19, 2004. Such award will vest in equal installments, at a rate of 20% per year, on each of April 20, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010.  (Footnote 1 continues in footnote 2)</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">Previous award to the reporting person of 17,400 shares of common stock pursuant to the RRP was made by the Board of Directors, effective Janaury 13, 2000.  On each of April 20, 2001 and 2002, 3,480 shares vested and became directly owned by the reporting person.  The shares awarded pursuant to the RRP were adjusted to reflect a 2-for-1 stock split on June 17, 2002 and on each of April 20, 2003 and 2004, 6,960 shares vested and became directly owned by the reporting person.  The remaining 6,960 unvested shares will vest on  April 20, 2005.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F3">Shares are held in the reporting person's account in the Hudson City Savings Bank Profit Incentive Bonus Plan.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F4">Grant to the reporting person of options to buy 15,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Hudson City Bancorp, Inc. 2000 Stock Option Plan (&quot;Plan&quot;) that was approved by stockholders at the Special Meeting was effective Janaury 21, 2005.  Such award will vest in equal installments, at a rate of 20% per year, on each of January 13, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. Previous award to the reporting person of options to buy 20,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Plan was made by the Board of Directors, effective February 19, 2004.  Such award will vest in equal installments, at a rate of 20% per year, on each of January 13, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. (Footnote 4 continues in footnote 5)</footnote>
        <footnote id="F5">Previous grant to the reporting person of options to buy 30,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Plan was made by the Board of Directors, effective January 13, 2000.  Options to buy 6,000 shares of common stock vested and became exercisable on each of January 13, 2001 and 2002.  The options awarded to the reporting person were adjusted to reflect a 2-for-1 stock split on June 17, 2002 and 12,000 options vested and  became exercisable on each of January 13, 2003, 2004 and 2005.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <remarks></remarks>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>Thomas W. Brydon</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2005-01-24</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>

