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Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Note 19—Fair Value Measurements

ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes fair value measurements based on the types of inputs used for the various valuation techniques (market approach, income approach and cost approach). The levels of the hierarchy are described below:

•Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; these include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity.

The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy. The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate. The fair value of the Company’s trade accounts receivable and payables approximates the carrying amounts.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The fair value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents approximates their carrying amount, due to the short maturity of the cash equivalents.

Equity Securities

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we held $10.7 million and $17.1 million, in equity securities of ordinary shares, respectively, which are reported as “Other assets” in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. These equity securities are the result of PENN Interactive entering into multi-year agreements with third-party online sports betting and/or iCasino operators for online sports betting and iCasino market access across our portfolio.

We recognized unrealized holding losses of $6.4 million, unrealized holding losses of $69.9 million, and realized and unrealized holding losses of $24.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, related to these equity securities, which are included in “Other” as reported in “Other income (expenses)” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of the equity securities was determined using Level 1 inputs, which use market approach valuation techniques. The primary inputs to those techniques include the quoted market price of the equity securities and foreign currency exchange rates.

As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the equity securities was determined using Level 2 inputs, which use market approach valuation techniques. The primary inputs to those techniques include the quoted market price of the equity securities, foreign currency exchange rates, a discount for lack of marketability (“DLOM”) with respect to the ordinary shares. The DLOM was based on the remaining term of the relevant lock-up periods and the volatility associated with the underlying equity securities.

Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

The Company acquired 12.0% secured convertible notes on April 7, 2023 for $20.0 million, due on the third-year anniversary of the date of issuance, which are reported in “Other assets” in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The terms contain optional and mandatory conversion provisions pursuant to which we will receive common stock upon conversion.

As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of the convertible notes were valued at $24.2 million, as such we recorded an unrealized gain to “Other comprehensive income (loss)” within our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

The fair value of the convertible notes was determined using a binomial lattice model and is categorized as a Level 3 measurement.

Held-to-Maturity Securities and Promissory Notes

We have a management contract with Retama Development Corporation (“RDC”), a local government corporation of the City of Selma, Texas, to manage the day-to-day operations of Retama Park Racetrack, located outside of San Antonio, Texas. In addition, we own 1.0% of the equity of Retama Nominal Holder, LLC, which holds a nominal interest in the racing license used to operate Retama Park Racetrack, and a 75.5% interest in Pinnacle Retama Partners, LLC (“PRP”), which owns the contingent gaming rights that may arise if gaming under the existing racing license becomes legal in Texas in the future.

As of both December 31, 2023 and 2022, PRP held $7.9 million in promissory notes issued by RDC and $6.7 million in local government corporation bonds issued by RDC, at amortized cost. The promissory notes and the local government corporation bonds are collateralized by the assets of Retama Park Racetrack. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the promissory notes and the local government corporation bonds were included in “Other assets” within our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The contractual terms of these promissory notes include interest payments due at maturity; however, we have not recorded accrued interest on these promissory notes because uncertainty exists as to RDC’s ability to make interest payments. We have the positive intent and ability to hold the local government corporation bonds to maturity and until the amortized cost is recovered. The estimated fair values of such investments are principally based on appraised values of the land associated with Retama Park Racetrack, which are classified as Level 2 inputs.

Long-term Debt

The fair value of our Amended Term Loan A Facility, Amended Term Loan B Facility, 5.625% Notes, 4.125% Notes, and the Convertible Notes is estimated based on quoted prices in active markets and is classified as a Level 1 measurement.

Other long-term obligations as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 included a financing arrangement entered in February of 2021, the relocation fees for Dayton and Mahoning Valley, and the repayment obligation of the hotel and event center located near Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg. See Note 11, “Long-term Debt” for details. The fair values of the Dayton and Mahoning Valley relocation fees and the Lawrenceburg repayment obligation are estimated based on rates consistent with the Company’s credit rating for comparable terms and debt instruments and are classified as Level 2 measurements.

Additionally, in February 2021, we entered into a third-party financing arrangement providing the Company with upfront cash proceeds while permitting us to participate in future proceeds on certain claims. The financing obligation has been classified as a non-current liability and the fair value of the financing obligation is based on what we expect to be settled in a future period of which the principal is contingent and predicated on other events, plus accreted period non-cash interest using an effective interest rate of 27.0% until the claims and related obligation is settled. The financing obligation has been classified as a Level 3 measurement and is included within our Consolidated Balance Sheets in “Long-term debt, net of current maturities, debt discount, and debt issuance costs.” See Note 11, “Long-term Debt.”

Other Liabilities

Other liabilities as of December 31, 2023 include contingent purchase price liabilities related to Plainridge Park Casino and Hitpoint, which was acquired on May 11, 2021. The Hitpoint contingent purchase price liability is payable in installments up to

a maximum of $1.0 million in the form of cash and equity, on the first three anniversaries of the acquisition close date and is based on the achievement of mutual goals established by the Company and Hitpoint. As of December 31, 2023, there is one annual achievement period remaining. The Plainridge Park Casino contingent purchase price liability is calculated based on earnings of the gaming operations over the first ten years of operations, which commenced on June 24, 2015. As of December 31, 2023, we were contractually obligated to make two additional annual payments. The fair value of the Plainridge Park Casino contingent purchase price liability is estimated based on an income approach using a discounted cash flow model. These contingent purchase price liabilities have been classified as a Level 3 measurement and are included within our Consolidated Balance Sheets in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” or “Other long-term liabilities,” depending on the timing of the next payment.

Additionally, Other liabilities as of December 31, 2023, include $70.0 million tax indemnification described in Note 6, “Acquisitions and Dispositions.” Liabilities associated with the indemnification of $35.0 million were recorded in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” and $35.0 million were recorded in “Other long-term liabilities” within our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The indemnity has been classified as a Level 3 measurement. Key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the indemnification include the expected tax rate and the probability of potential outcomes based on valuation methods that utilize unobservable inputs that are significant to the overall fair value as of December 31, 2023. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment.

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values by input level of the Company’s financial instruments were as follows:


	December 31, 2023
(in millions)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,071.8	$	1,071.8	$	1,071.8	$	—	$	—
Equity securities	$	10.7	$	10.7	$	10.7	$	—	$	—
Available-for-sale debt securities	$	24.2	$	24.2	$	—	$	—	$	24.2
Held-to-maturity securities	$	6.7	$	6.7	$	—	$	6.7	$	—
Promissory notes	$	7.9	$	7.9	$	—	$	7.9	$	—
Financial liabilities:
Long-term debt
Amended Credit Facilities	$	1,471.7	$	1,483.5	$	1,483.5	$	—	$	—
5.625% Notes	$	399.7	$	388.0	$	388.0	$	—	$	—
4.125% Notes	$	394.6	$	340.0	$	340.0	$	—	$	—
Convertible Notes	$	326.1	$	427.6	$	427.6	$	—	$	—
Other long-term obligations	$	173.5	$	172.1	$	—	$	18.0	$	154.1
Other liabilities	$	79.0	$	78.9	$	—	$	2.7	$	76.2


	December 31, 2022
(in millions)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,624.0	$	1,624.0	$	1,624.0	$	—	$	—
Equity securities	$	17.1	$	17.1	$	—	$	17.1	$	—
Held-to-maturity securities	$	6.7	$	6.7	$	—	$	6.7	$	—
Promissory notes	$	7.9	$	7.9	$	—	$	7.9	$	—
Financial liabilities:
Long-term debt
Amended Credit Facilities	$	1,503.6	$	1,514.7	$	1,514.7	$	—	$	—
5.625% Notes	$	399.7	$	371.0	$	371.0	$	—	$	—
4.125% Notes	$	393.8	$	327.0	$	327.0	$	—	$	—
Convertible Notes	$	324.3	$	550.8	$	550.8	$	—	$	—
Other long-term obligations	$	156.1	$	154.4	$	—	$	36.4	$	118.0
Other liabilities	$	9.9	$	9.6	$	—	$	2.4	$	7.2
Puts and calls related to certain Barstool shares	$	0.4	$	0.4	$	—	$	0.4	$	—

The following table summarizes the changes in fair value of our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis:


(in millions)	Other Assets and Liabilities
Balance as of January 1, 2021	$	7.3
Additions	75.5
Interest	17.9
Payments	(1.7)
Included in earnings (1)	1.9
Balance as of December 31, 2021	100.9

Interest	27.6
Payments	(2.7)
Included in loss (1)	(0.6)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	125.2
Additions	90.0
Interest	36.1
Payments	(2.9)
Included in loss and other comprehensive loss (1)(2)	6.1
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	254.5

(1)The expense is included in “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(2)Includes unrealized gains and losses on debt securities within our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

The following table sets forth the assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.


(in millions)	Valuation Date	Valuation Technique	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Balance		Total Reduction in Fair Value Recorded
Goodwill	10/1/2023	Discounted cash flow and market approach	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	30.0
Gaming licenses	10/1/2023	Discounted cash flow	$	—	$	—	$	130.0	$	130.0	$	100.6
Gaming licenses	10/1/2022	Discounted cash flow	$	—	$	—	$	74.0	$	74.0	$	13.6
Goodwill (1)	9/30/2022	Discounted cash flow and market approach	$	—	$	—	$	30.0	$	30.0	$	37.4
Gaming licenses (1)	9/30/2022	Discounted cash flow	$	—	$	—	$	101.0	$	101.0	$	65.4

(1)During the third quarter of 2022, we identified an indicator of impairment on our goodwill and other intangible assets. See Note 9, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” for more information.

The following table summarizes the significant unobservable inputs used in calculating fair value for our Level 3 assets and liabilities on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023:

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Discount Rate

Available-for-sale debt securities

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

35.0%

Other long-term obligation

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

27.0%

Contingent purchase price - Plainridge Park Casino

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

6.7%

As discussed in Note 9, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” we recorded impairment on our goodwill at the Greektown reporting unit and on our gaming licenses associated with Greektown, PNRC, and Ameristar East Chicago, which are indefinite-lived intangible assets, as a result of our 2023 annual assessment for impairment. Additionally, we recorded impairments on our goodwill and gaming licenses associated with Greektown as a result of the third quarter of 2022 interim assessment for impairment. Our annual assessment for impairment as of October 1, 2022 resulted in an additional impairment charge associated with our gaming license at PNRC. The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements of other indefinite-lived intangible assets as of the valuation date below:


(in millions)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range or Amount
As of December 31, 2023
Gaming licenses	$	130.0	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	12.5% - 13.0%
				Long-term revenue growth rate	2.0	%
As of December 31, 2022
Gaming licenses	$	74.0	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	13.0	%
				Long-term revenue growth rate	2.0	%
As of September 30, 2022
Gaming licenses	$	101.0	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	13.0	%
				Long-term revenue growth rate	2.0	%

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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