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Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Note 19—Fair Value Measurements

ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes fair value measurements based on the types of inputs used for the various valuation techniques (market approach, income approach and cost approach). The levels of the hierarchy are described below:

•Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; these include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity.

The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy. The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate. The fair value of the Company’s trade accounts receivable and payables approximates the carrying amounts.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The fair value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents approximates their carrying amount, due to the short maturity of the cash equivalents.

Equity Securities

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we held $17.1 million and $84.3 million, respectively, in equity securities of ordinary shares which are reported as “Other assets” in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the year ended December 31, 2021, all warrants were exercised for ordinary shares which resulted in a loss of $20.1 million included in “Other,” as reported in “Other income (expenses)” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. These equity securities are the result of PENN Interactive entering into multi-year agreements with third-party sports betting operators for online sports betting and iCasino market access across our portfolio.

During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, we recognized unrealized holding losses of $69.9 million, realized and unrealized losses of $24.9 million, and an unrealized gain of $106.7 million, respectively, related to these equity securities, which are included in “Other” as reported in “Other income (expenses)” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The fair value of the equity securities was determined using Level 2 inputs, which use market approach valuation techniques. The primary inputs to those techniques include the quoted market price of the equity securities, foreign currency exchange rates, a discount for lack of marketability (“DLOM”) with respect to the ordinary shares, and a Black-Scholes option pricing model previously associated with the exercised warrants. The DLOM is based on the remaining term of the relevant lock-up periods and the volatility associated with the underlying equity securities. The Black-Scholes option pricing model utilizes the exercise price of the warrants, a risk-free rate, volatility associated with the underlying equity securities and the expected life of the warrants.

Held-to-maturity Securities and Promissory Notes

We have a management contract with Retama Development Corporation (“RDC”), a local government corporation of the City of Selma, Texas, to manage the day-to-day operations of Retama Park Racetrack, located outside of San Antonio, Texas. In addition, we own 1.0% of the equity of Retama Nominal Holder, LLC, which holds a nominal interest in the racing license used to operate Retama Park Racetrack, and a 75.5% interest in Pinnacle Retama Partners, LLC (“PRP”), which owns the contingent gaming rights that may arise if gaming under the existing racing license becomes legal in Texas in the future.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, PRP held $7.9 million and $15.1 million in promissory notes issued by RDC, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, PRP held $6.7 million in local government corporation bonds issued by RDC, at amortized cost. The promissory notes and the local government corporation bonds are collateralized by the assets of Retama Park Racetrack. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the promissory notes and the local government corporation bonds were included in “Other assets” within our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The contractual terms of these promissory notes include interest payments due at maturity; however, we have not recorded accrued interest on these promissory notes because uncertainty exists as to RDC’s ability to make interest payments. We have the positive intent and ability to hold the local government corporation bonds to maturity and until the amortized cost is recovered. The estimated fair values of such investments are principally based on appraised values of the land associated with Retama Park Racetrack, which are classified as Level 2 inputs.

Long-term Debt

The fair value of our Term Loan A Facility, Term Loan B-1 Facility, Amended Term Loan A Facility, Amended Term Loan B Facility, 5.625% Notes, 4.125% Notes, and the Convertible Notes is estimated based on quoted prices in active markets and is classified as a Level 1 measurement.

Other long-term obligations as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 included a financing arrangement entered in February of 2021, the relocation fees for Dayton and Mahoning Valley, and the repayment obligation of the hotel and event center located near Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg. See Note 11, “Long-term Debt” for details. The fair values of the Dayton and Mahoning Valley relocation fees and the Lawrenceburg repayment obligation are estimated based on rates consistent with the Company’s credit rating for comparable terms and debt instruments and are classified as Level 2 measurements.

Additionally, in February 2021, we entered into a financing arrangement providing the Company with upfront cash proceeds while permitting us to participate in future proceeds on certain claims. The financing obligation has been classified as a non-current liability and the fair value of the financing obligation is based on what we expect to be settled in a future period of which the principal is contingent and predicated on other events, plus accreted period non-cash interest using an effective interest rate of 27.0% until the claims and related obligation is settled. The financing obligation has been classified as a Level 3 measurement and is included within our Consolidated Balance Sheets in “Long-term debt, net of current maturities, debt discount and debt issuance costs.” See Note 11, “Long-term Debt.”

Other Liabilities

Other liabilities as of December 31, 2022 includes contingent purchase price liabilities related to Plainridge Park Casino and Hitpoint, of which Hitpoint was acquired on May 11, 2021. The Hitpoint contingent purchase price liability is payable in installments up to a maximum of $1.0 million in the form of cash and equity, on the first three anniversaries of the acquisition close date and is based on the achievement of mutual goals established by the Company and Hitpoint. As of December 31, 2022, there are two annual achievement periods remaining. The Plainridge Park Casino contingent purchase price liability is calculated based on earnings of the gaming operations over the first ten years of operations, which commenced on June 24, 2015. As of December 31, 2022, we were contractually obligated to make three additional annual payments. The fair value of the Plainridge Park Casino contingent purchase price liability is estimated based on an income approach using a discounted cash flow model. These contingent purchase price liabilities have been classified as a Level 3 measurement and are included within our Consolidated Balance Sheets in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” or “Other long-term liabilities,” depending on the timing of the next payment.

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values by input level of the Company’s financial instruments were as follows:


	December 31, 2022
(in millions)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,624.0	$	1,624.0	$	1,624.0	$	—	$	—
Equity securities	$	17.1	$	17.1	$	—	$	17.1	$	—
Held-to-maturity securities	$	6.7	$	6.7	$	—	$	6.7	$	—
Promissory notes	$	7.9	$	7.9	$	—	$	7.9	$	—
Financial liabilities:
Long-term debt
Amended Credit Facilities	$	1,503.6	$	1,514.7	$	1,514.7	$	—	$	—
5.625% Notes	$	399.7	$	371.0	$	371.0	$	—	$	—
4.125% Notes	$	393.8	$	327.0	$	327.0	$	—	$	—
Convertible Notes	$	324.3	$	550.8	$	550.8	$	—	$	—
Other long-term obligations	$	156.1	$	154.4	$	—	$	36.4	$	118.0
Other liabilities	$	9.9	$	9.6	$	—	$	2.4	$	7.2
Puts and calls related to certain Barstool shares	$	0.4	$	0.4	$	—	$	0.4	$	—


	December 31, 2021
(in millions)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,863.9	$	1,863.9	$	1,863.9	$	—	$	—
Equity securities	$	84.3	$	84.3	$	—	$	84.3	$	—
Held-to-maturity securities	$	6.7	$	6.7	$	—	$	6.7	$	—
Promissory notes	$	15.1	$	15.1	$	—	$	15.1	$	—
Puts and calls related to certain Barstool shares	$	1.9	$	1.9	$	—	$	1.9	$	—
Financial liabilities:
Long-term debt
Senior Secured Credit Facilities	$	1,544.5	$	1,559.6	$	1,559.6	$	—	$	—
5.625% Notes	$	399.6	$	411.5	$	411.5	$	—	$	—
4.125% Notes	$	392.9	$	389.3	$	389.5	$	—	$	—
Convertible Notes	$	253.5	$	780.0	$	780.0	$	—	$	—
Other long-term obligations	$	146.3	$	144.3	$	—	$	53.9	$	90.4
Other liabilities	$	13.3	$	13.2	$	—	$	2.7	$	10.5

The following table summarizes the changes in fair value of our Level 3 liabilities measured on a recurring basis:


(in millions)	Other Liabilities
Balance as of January 1, 2020	$	17.5

Payments	(9.1)
Included in loss (1)	(1.1)
Balance as of December 31, 2020	7.3
Additions	75.5
Interest	17.9
Payments	(1.7)
Included in earnings (1)	1.9
Balance as of December 31, 2021	100.9

Interest	27.6
Payments	(2.7)
Included in earnings (1)	(0.6)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	125.2

(1)The expense is included in “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following table sets forth the assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2022, which pertained to our Northeast segment. There were no impairment charges to goodwill, gaming licenses, and trademarks for the year ended December 31, 2021.


(in millions)	Valuation Date	Valuation Technique	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Balance		Total Reduction in Fair Value Recorded
Gaming licenses	10/1/2022	Discounted cash flow	$	—	$	—	$	74.0	$	74.0	$	13.6
Goodwill (1)	9/30/2022	Discounted cash flow and market approach	$	—	$	—	$	30.0	$	30.0	$	37.4
Gaming licenses (1)	9/30/2022	Discounted cash flow	$	—	$	—	$	101.0	$	101.0	$	65.4

(1)During the third quarter of 2022, we identified an indicator of impairment on our goodwill and other intangible assets. See Note 9, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” for more information.

The following table summarizes the significant unobservable inputs used in calculating fair value for our Level 3 liabilities on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022:

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Discount Rate

Other long-term obligation

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

27.0%

Contingent purchase price - Plainridge Park Casino

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

7.8%

As discussed in Note 9, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” we recorded impairments on goodwill and our gaming licenses, which are indefinite-lived intangible assets, at the Hollywood Casino at Greektown reporting unit as a result of the third quarter of 2022 interim assessment for impairment. Our annual assessment for impairment as of October 1, 2022, resulted in an additional impairment charge on the gaming license at PNRC. The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements of other indefinite-lived intangible assets as of the valuation date below:


(in millions)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range or Amount
As of December 31, 2022
Gaming licenses	$	74.0	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	13.0	%
				Long-term revenue growth rate	2.0	%
As of September 30, 2022
Gaming licenses	$	101.0	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	13.0	%
				Long-term revenue growth rate	2.0	%

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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