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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Note 9—Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
A reconciliation of goodwill and accumulated goodwill impairment losses, by reportable segment, is as follows:
(in millions)NortheastSouthWestMidwestOtherTotal
Balance as of January 1, 2019
Goodwill, gross$848.4 $185.2 $210.4 $1,110.1 $156.1 $2,510.2 
Accumulated goodwill impairment losses(707.6)(34.6)(16.6)(435.3)(87.7)(1,281.8)
Goodwill, net140.8 150.6 193.8 674.8 68.4 1,228.4 
Goodwill acquired during year67.4 44.2 — — — 111.6 
Impairment losses during year(10.3)(17.4)— (60.3)— (88.0)
Other (1)
(1.5)7.2 6.4 6.6 — 18.7 
Balance as of December 31, 2019
Goodwill, gross914.3 236.6 216.8 1,116.7 156.1 2,640.5 
Accumulated goodwill impairment losses(717.9)(52.0)(16.6)(495.6)(87.7)(1,369.8)
Goodwill, net196.4 184.6 200.2 621.1 68.4 1,270.7 
Impairment losses during year(43.5)(9.0)— (60.5)— (113.0)
Other (2)
— — — — (0.6)(0.6)
Balance as of December 31, 2020
Goodwill, gross914.3 236.6 216.8 1,116.7 155.5 2,639.9 
Accumulated goodwill impairment losses(761.4)(61.0)(16.6)(556.1)(87.7)(1,482.8)
Goodwill, net$152.9 $175.6 $200.2 $560.6 $67.8 $1,157.1 
(1)Amounts relate to adjustments made to the preliminary purchase price allocation of Pinnacle during the year ended December 31, 2019, prior to it being finalized.
(2)Amounts relate to the write-off of goodwill related to the land sale at Sanford Orlando Kennel Club which discontinued our racing operations. The write-off of this goodwill balance is included as a component of the gain calculation recorded on the sale.

2020 Annual and Interim Assessment for Impairment
During the first quarter of 2020, we identified an indicator of impairment on our goodwill and other intangible assets due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we revised our cash flow projections to reflect the current economic environment, including the uncertainty surrounding the nature, timing and extent of reopening our gaming properties. As a result of the interim assessment for impairment, during the first quarter of 2020, we recognized impairments on our goodwill, gaming licenses and trademarks of $113.0 million, $437.0 million and $61.5 million, respectively. The estimated fair values of the reporting units were determined through a combination of a discounted cash flow model and a market-based approach, which utilized Level 3 inputs. The estimated fair values of the gaming licenses and trademarks were determined by using discounted cash flow models, which utilized Level 3 inputs.
As noted in the table above, the goodwill impairments pertained to our Northeast, South and Midwest segments, in the amounts of $43.5 million, $9.0 million and $60.5 million, respectively. The gaming license impairments pertained to our Northeast, South and Midwest segments in the amounts of $177.0 million, $166.0 million and $94.0 million, respectively. The trademark impairments pertained to our Northeast, South, Midwest and West segments, in the amounts of $17.0 million, $17.0 million, $15.0 million and $12.5 million, respectively.
Upon reopening of our gaming facilities and throughout the fourth quarter of 2020 we undertook various initiatives to mitigate the impact of regulatory restrictions imposed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We completed our annual assessment for impairment as of October 1, 2020, which did not result in any impairment charges to goodwill, gaming licenses and trademarks. The estimated fair values of the reporting units were determined through a combination of discounted cash flow models and a market-based approach, which utilized Level 3 inputs. The estimated fair values of the gaming licenses and trademarks were determined by using discounted cash flow models, which utilized Level 3 inputs.
2019 Annual Assessment for Impairment
As a result of our 2019 annual assessment for impairment, we recognized impairments on our goodwill, gaming licenses, and trademarks, of $88.0 million, $62.6 million, and $20.0 million, respectively. The impairments of goodwill were largely driven by increases in the carrying amount of certain of our reporting units as a result of decreases in the allocated amount of the financing obligation to such reporting units, which was driven by the adoption of ASC 842. The impairments of gaming licenses and trademarks were largely driven by reductions in the long-term projections for certain of our properties where competition has increased due to expansion of gaming legislation, primarily within the Northeast segment. The estimated fair values of the reporting units were determined through a combination of discounted cash flow models and a market-based approach, which utilized Level 3 inputs. The estimated fair values of the gaming licenses and trademarks were determined by using discounted cash flow models, which utilized Level 3 inputs.

As noted in the table above, the goodwill impairments pertained to our Northeast, South and Midwest segments, in the amounts of $10.3 million, $17.4 million and $60.3 million, respectively. The gaming license impairments pertained to our Northeast and South segments in the amounts of $55.1 million and $7.5 million, respectively. The trademark impairments pertained to our Northeast, South and Midwest segments, in the amounts of $11.5 million, $6.5 million and $2.0 million, respectively.
2018 Annual Assessment for Impairment
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed its 2018 annual assessment for impairment, which did not result in any impairment charges to goodwill or other intangible assets.
The aforementioned impairments for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are included in “Impairment losses” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). See Note 19, “Fair Value Measurements,” for quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements of other intangible assets.
Carrying Values of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
As of October 1, 2020, the date of the most recent annual impairment test, seven reporting units had negative carrying amounts. The amount of goodwill at these reporting units was as follows (in millions):
Northeast segment
Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races$8.7 
Hollywood Casino Toledo$5.8 
Plainridge Park Casino$6.3 
South segment
Ameristar Vicksburg$19.5 
Boomtown New Orleans$5.2 
West segment
Cactus Petes and Horseshu$10.2 
Midwest segment
Ameristar Council Bluffs$36.2 
The table below presents the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization, and net carrying amount of each major class of other intangible assets:
December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
(in millions)Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Gaming licenses$1,246.1 $— $1,246.1 $1,681.9 $— $1,681.9 
Trademarks240.9 — 240.9 302.4 — 302.4 
Other0.7 — 0.7 0.7 — 0.7 
Amortizing intangible assets
Customer relationships106.9 (85.2)21.7 104.4 (69.0)35.4 
Other39.6 (35.5)4.1 36.1 (30.0)6.1 
Total other intangible assets$1,634.2 $(120.7)$1,513.5 $2,125.5 $(99.0)$2,026.5 
During the year ended December 31, 2020 we paid $1.3 million for online and retail sports betting licenses. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we paid $10.0 million for online and retail sports betting licenses in Pennsylvania. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we purchased two Category 4 gaming licenses to operate up to 750 slot machines and initially up to 30 table games, under each license, in York County, Pennsylvania for $50.1 million and in Berks County, Pennsylvania for $7.5 million, and iGaming and sports betting licenses in Pennsylvania for $20.0 million, all of which have been classified as indefinite-lived intangible assets.
Amortization expense related to our amortizing intangible assets was $21.7 million, $24.7 million, and $17.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The following table presents the estimated amortization expense based on our amortizing intangible assets as of December 31, 2020 (in millions):
Years ending December 31:
2021$7.4 
20225.5 
20233.9 
20243.7 
20254.9 
Thereafter0.4 
Total$25.8