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Income Taxes (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of deferred tax assets and liabilities The components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
 
December 31,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation expense
$
8,998

 
$
15,038

Accrued expenses
42,897

 
39,474

Loan to the JIVDC
—

 
26,237

Financing obligations associated with Master Leases
1,919,718

 
900,311

Unrecognized tax benefits
6,732

 
6,565

Investments in unconsolidated affiliates
3,579

 
—

Net operating losses, interest limitation and tax credit carryforwards
122,785

 
59,842

Gross deferred tax assets
2,104,709

 
1,047,467

Less: Valuation allowance
(89,508
)
 
(113,699
)
Net deferred tax assets
2,015,201

 
933,768

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Property and equipment, non-Master Leases
(47,308
)
 
(33,148
)
Property and equipment, Master Leases
(1,599,907
)
 
(469,363
)
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates
—

 
(1,218
)
Undistributed foreign earnings
(349
)
 
(2,061
)
Intangibles
(287,025
)
 
(37,035
)
Net deferred tax liabilities
(1,934,589
)
 
(542,825
)
Noncurrent deferred tax assets, net
$
80,612

 
$
390,943
Components of income before income tax expense The domestic and foreign components of income (loss) before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:
 
For the year ended December 31,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Domestic
$
89,582

 
$
(29,538
)
 
$
116,693

Foreign
339

 
4,494

 
3,924

Total
$
89,921

 
$
(25,044
)
 
$
120,617
Schedule of provision for income taxes The provision for income taxes charged to operations for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was as follows: 
 
For the year ended December 31,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Current tax benefit (expense)
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
(15,336
)
 
$
(16,318
)
 
$
(8,721
)
State
(6,402
)
 
(6,062
)
 
(3,489
)
Foreign
(1,349
)
 
2,981

 
9,639

Total current
(23,087
)
 
(19,399
)
 
(2,571
)
Deferred tax benefit (expense)
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
14,576

 
480,712

 
(4,701
)
State
10,945

 
39,255

 
(3,279
)
Foreign
1,159

 
(2,061
)
 
(756
)
Total deferred
26,680

 
517,906

 
(8,736
)
Total income tax benefit (expense)
$
3,593

 
$
498,507

 
$
(11,307
)
Reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the actual effective income tax rate The following table reconciles the statutory federal income tax rate to the actual effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:
 
For the year ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Percent of pretax income
 
 
 
 
 
Federal statutory rate
21.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
State and local income taxes - net of federal benefits
(6.2
)
 
6.3

 
1.2

Nondeductible expenses
6.9

 
(16.0
)
 
0.3

Goodwill impairment
—

 
(20.5
)
 
—

Compensation
(3.8
)
 
29.5

 
(1.5
)
Contingent liability settlement
—

 
22.9

 
0.6

Foreign
(0.1
)
 
11.3

 
(8.5
)
Valuation allowance
(20.3
)
 
2,962.3

 
(17.1
)
Tax Act - deferred rate change
—

 
(1,043.5
)
 
—

Other miscellaneous items
(1.5
)
 
3.3

 
(0.6
)
Total effective tax rate
(4.0
)%
 
1,990.6
 %
 
9.4
 %
 
The income tax benefit (expense) differs from the federal statutory amount due to the effect of the items detailed in the table below:
 
For the year ended December 31,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Amount of pretax income
 
 
 
 
 
Federal statutory rate
$
(18,883
)
 
$
8,765

 
$
(42,216
)
State and local income taxes - net of federal benefits
5,615

 
1,567

 
(1,498
)
Nondeductible expenses
(6,161
)
 
(4,018
)
 
(371
)
Goodwill impairment
—

 
(5,131
)
 
—

Compensation
3,369

 
7,376

 
1,817

Contingent liability settlement
—

 
5,740

 
(756
)
Foreign
117

 
2,840

 
10,268

Valuation allowance
18,275

 
741,872

 
20,675

Tax Act - deferred rate change
—

 
(261,329
)
 
—

Other miscellaneous items
1,261

 
825

 
774

Total income tax benefit (expense)
$
3,593

 
$
498,507

 
$
(11,307
)
Reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts for the liability for unrecognized tax benefits was as follows:
(in thousands)
Unrecognized tax benefits
Unrecognized tax benefits as of January 1, 2017
$
26,792

Additions based on current year positions
2,979

Additions based on prior year positions
2,836

Decreases due to settlements and/or reduction in reserves
(1,322
)
Currency translation adjustments
(119
)
Settlement payments
(216
)
Unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2017
30,950

Additions based on current year positions
—

Additions based on prior year positions
775

Decreases due to settlements and/or reduction in reserves
(2,005
)
Currency translation adjustments
(39
)
Settlement payments
—

Unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2018
$
29,681