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New Accounting Pronouncements
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Abstract]  
New Accounting Pronouncements New Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Pronouncement Implemented in 2017
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU No. 2016-09”), which simplified the accounting for share-based payment awards, including: (a) income tax consequences; (b) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities; and (c) classification
on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 effective January 1, 2017. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized an income tax benefit of $6.3 million related to excess tax deductions that previously would have been recognized as additional paid-in capital within “Total Stockholders’ equity (deficit).” The Company did not record a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings due to having a full valuation allowance against all deferred tax assets as of January 1, 2017. Deferred tax assets and the valuation allowance increased by $15.4 million at January 1, 2017 for the tax effect previously unrecognized for excess tax deductions. The Company elected to present the change in classification of excess/deficient tax deductions from a financing activity to an operating activity within its Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows on a retrospective basis. As a result, for the year ended December 31, 2016, there was an increase to net cash provided by operating activities of $6.9 million and a decrease to net cash used in financing activities of $6.9 million.
Accounting Pronouncements Implemented in 2018
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09 and all related amendments, which introduced ASC 606, to all contracts using the modified retrospective method. As part of the adoption, the Company utilized a practical expedient that permits the evaluation of incomplete contracts (such as our loyalty point obligations) as completed contracts. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The adoption of the new revenue standard did not have a material effect on net income for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the Company does not expect it to have a material impact on a continuing basis.
In accordance with the new revenue standard requirement, the disclosure of the impact of adoption on our Consolidated Statement of Operations and Consolidated Balance Sheet as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 is as follows:
 
For the year ended December 31, 2018
 
As Reported
 
Impacts of:
 
Balances Without Adoption of ASC 606
 
Effect of Change Higher / (Lower)
(in thousands)
 
Loyalty
Points (1)
 
Promotional Allowances (2)
 
Reimbursable Expense - Casino Rama (3)
 
Racing Revenue (4)
 
Tier Status and Other Benefits (5)
 
 
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gaming
$
2,894,861

 
$
(2,608
)
 
$
206,137

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
2,575

 
$
3,100,965

 
$
(206,104
)
Food, beverage, hotel and other
629,733

 
(252
)
 
30,629

 
—

 
38,975

 
—

 
699,085

 
(69,352
)
Management service and license fees
6,043

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
6,043

 
—

Reimbursable management costs
57,281

 
—

 
—

 
(46,822
)
 
—

 
—

 
10,459

 
46,822

 
3,587,918

 
(2,860
)
 
236,766

 
(46,822
)
 
38,975

 
2,575

 
3,816,552

 
(228,634
)
Less: Promotional allowance
—

 
—

 
(236,766
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(236,766
)
 
236,766

Revenues
3,587,918

 
(2,860
)
 
—

 
(46,822
)
 
38,975

 
2,575

 
3,579,786

 
8,132

Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gaming
1,551,430

 
(1,443
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,258

 
1,554,245

 
(2,815
)
Food, beverage, hotel and other
439,253

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
38,975

 
(1,683
)
 
476,545

 
(37,292
)
General and administrative
618,951

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
618,951

 
—

Reimbursable management costs
57,281

 
—

 
—

 
(46,822
)
 
—

 
—

 
10,459

 
46,822

Depreciation and amortization
268,990

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
268,990

 
—

Impairment losses, net of recovery on loan loss and unfunded loan commitments to the JIVDC
17,921

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
17,921

 
—

Total operating expenses
2,953,826

 
(1,443
)
 
—

 
(46,822
)
 
38,975

 
2,575

 
2,947,111

 
6,715

Operating income (loss)
634,092

 
(1,417
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
632,675

 
1,417

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before income taxes
89,921

 
(1,417
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
88,504

 
1,417

Income tax benefit (expense)
3,593

 
323

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,916

 
(323
)
Net income (loss)
$
93,514

 
$
(1,094
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
92,420

 
$
1,094

(1)
As discussed in Note 3, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” the Company’s loyalty reward programs allow members to utilize their reward membership cards to earn loyalty points that are redeemable for slot play and complimentaries. Under the new revenue standard, the Company is required to utilize a deferred revenue model, which defers revenue at the point in time when the loyalty points are earned by our customers and recognize revenue when the loyalty points are redeemed at the estimated standalone selling price. Prior to the adoption of the new revenue standard, the estimated liability for unredeemed points was accrued and recorded to gaming expense based on expected redemption rates and the estimated cost of the goods and services to be provided.
(2)
Under ASC 606, the Company is no longer permitted to report revenue for goods and services provided to customers (i) for free as an inducement to gamble or (ii) on a discretionary basis outside of gaming play (i.e., customer appeasements) as gross revenue with a corresponding reduction in promotional allowances to arrive at net revenues. The new revenue standard requires complimentaries related to an inducement to gamble to be recorded as a reduction to gaming revenues and discretionary complimentaries provided outside of gaming play to be recorded as a reduction to food, beverage, hotel and other revenues. As such, promotional allowances provided to customers (i) as an inducement to gamble or (ii) on a discretionary basis outside of gaming play are no longer netted within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition, ASC 606 changed the accounting for promotional allowances with respect to non-discretionary complimentaries (i.e., a customer’s redemption of loyalty points). Under the new revenue standard, the Company is no longer permitted to report revenue for goods and services provided to a customer resulting from loyalty point redemptions with a corresponding reduction in promotional allowances to arrive at net revenue. Instead, ASC 606 requires the utilization of a deferred revenue
model in which previously deferred revenue is recognized as revenue when the loyalty points are redeemed. As such, promotional allowances related to a customer’s redemption of loyalty points is no longer netted within our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(3)
The Company revised its accounting for reimbursable costs associated with our management service contract for Casino Rama. Under the new revenue standard, because we are the controlling entity in the arrangement, reimbursable costs, which primarily consisted of payroll costs, must be recognized as revenue on a gross basis, with an offsetting amount charged to reimbursable management costs within operating expenses. Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, the Company recorded these reimbursable amounts on a net basis.
(4)
Under ASC 606, as it pertains to our racing operations, we concluded that the Company is not the controlling entity in the arrangements; but rather, functions as an agent to the pari-mutuel pool. Consequently, fees and obligations related to the Company’s share of purse funding requirements, simulcasting fees, tote fees, certain pari-mutuel taxes and other fees directly related to the Company’s racing operations must be reported on a net basis and included as a deduction to food, beverage, hotel and other revenue. Prior to the adoption of the new revenue standard, the Company recorded these fees and obligations in food, beverage, hotel and other expense.
(5)
Under ASC 606, certain tier status and other benefits provided to our customers, most notably, an annual gift to members of our top tiers, are considered separate performance obligations associated with gaming contracts. Therefore, under the new revenue standard, the amount of the transaction price allocated to these performance obligations is recorded as a reduction to gaming revenue rather than as a gaming expense. Consequently, certain of the expenses associated with other benefits are now recorded as food, beverage, hotel and other.
(in thousands)
As Reported as of December 31, 2018
 
Balances Without the Adoption of ASC 606
 
Effect of Change Higher (Lower)
Balance Sheet
 
 
 
 
 
Other assets - Deferred income taxes
$
80,612

 
$
78,953

 
$
1,659

Current liabilities - Accrued expenses
$
204,656

 
$
191,404

 
$
13,252

Stockholders’ equity - Accumulated deficit
$
(967,949
)
 
$
(956,418
)
 
$
(11,531
)
The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated January 1, 2018 balance sheet for the adoption of ASC 606 was as follows:
(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2017
 
Adjustment due to ASC 606
 
Balance as of January 1, 2018
Balance Sheet
 
 
 
 
 
Other assets - Deferred income taxes
$
390,943

 
$
2,044

 
$
392,987

Current liabilities - Accrued expenses
$
125,688

 
$
11,694

 
$
137,382

Stockholders’ equity - Accumulated deficit
$
(1,051,818
)
 
$
(9,650
)
 
$
(1,061,468
)

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Clarification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” The amendments are intended to address diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendments provide guidance on the following specific cash flow issues: (a) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; (b) settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing; (c) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; (d) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; (e) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies; (f) distributions received from equity method investees; (g) beneficial interest in securitization transactions; and (h) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. The Company adopted this new guidance on January 1, 2018 on a retrospective basis. As a result of adopting this new guidance, the impact to the year ended December 31, 2017 was an increase to both net cash provided by operating activities and net cash used in financing activities of $18.0 million within the Company’s Statements of Cash Flows.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash.” The new guidance requires a statement of cash flows to explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. As such, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this new guidance on January 1, 2018 using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. As a result of adopting this new guidance, the impact to the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was an increase of $0.7 million and a decrease of $3.8 million, respectively, to net cash provided by operating activities within the Company’s Statements of Cash Flows.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805), Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” The new guidance narrows the existing definition of a business and provides a framework for evaluating whether a transaction should be accounted for as an acquisition of assets or a business. Under this guidance, when substantially all of the fair value of gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single asset (or group of similar assets), the assets acquired would not represent a business. In addition, in order to be considered a business, an acquisition would have to include at a minimum an input and a substantive process that together significantly contributes to the ability to create an output. The guidance is effective
for public companies for fiscal years, and interim fiscal periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted and should be applied prospectively. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018, which was applied prospectively to all applicable transactions after the adoption date.
New Accounting Pronouncements to be Implemented in Fiscal Year 2019 
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU No. 2016-02”), which supersedes leases accounting as contained within ASC 840. The core principle of ASU No. 2016-02 is that a lessee should recognize on the balance sheet the lease assets and lease liabilities that arise from all lease arrangements with terms greater than 12 months. Recognition of these lease assets and lease liabilities represents a change from previous GAAP, which did not require lease assets and lease liabilities to be recognized for operating leases. Qualitative disclosures along with specific quantitative disclosures will be required to provide enough information to supplement the amounts recorded in the financial statements so that users can understand the nature of the Company’s leasing activities.
The Company has a team in place to evaluate and implement the new guidance and the Company has substantially completed the implementation of a third-party software solution to facilitate compliance with accounting and reporting requirements. The Company continues to enhance accounting systems and update business processes and controls related to the new guidance for leases. Collectively, these activities are expected to enable the Company to meet the new accounting and disclosure requirements upon adoption in the first quarter 2019.
 The provisions of ASU No. 2016-02 are effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019, including interim periods within that fiscal year. The Company plans to elect the package of practical expedients included in this guidance, which allows us (i) to not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases; (ii) to not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; (iii) to account for a lease and non-lease component as a single component for certain classes of assets; and (iv) to not reassess the initial direct costs for existing leases. In addition, the Company does not plan to recognize short-term leases on its Consolidated Balance Sheets and will recognize the expense for those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, “Leases - Targeted Improvements,” as an update to the previously-issued guidance. This update added a transition option which allows for the recognition of a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption without recasting the financial statements in periods prior to adoption. The Company plans to elect this transition option. 
We expect the most significant judgments and impacts upon adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 to include the following items:
•
The Company believes the most significant impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 relates to the accounting for our triple net leases, which requires us to determine the classification (operating or financing) of each component contained within each of our Master Leases with our REIT landlords which will impact the initial valuation of the right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability at the January 1, 2019 adoption date as well as the subsequent expense recognition within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We continue to evaluate our existing sales and leaseback transactions and are evaluating if certain properties building and/or land would be considered a financing or operating lease. If certain properties are derecognized, upon adoption on January 1, 2019, we would derecognize our existing financial obligation and the net book value of the property associated with the previously failed sale-leaseback transaction. A change in the sale-leaseback accounting conclusion would also result in the recognition of a lease liability and right of use asset and a material impact to opening retained earnings. This change will also increase operating expenses and decrease interest expense and a reclassification of certain cash payments from financing outflows to operating outflows in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
•
Upon adoption on January 1, 2019, we will recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities that have not previously been recorded. The lease liability for operating leases is based on the net present value of future minimum lease payments. The right-of-use asset for operating leases is based on the lease liability adjusted for the reclassification of certain balance sheet amounts such as deferred rent. Deferred and prepaid rent will not be presented separately after the adoption of the new lease standard.
We expect this standard to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. We are finalizing the impact of the standard to our accounting policies, processes, disclosures, and internal control over financial reporting.
The adoption of this standard will have no impact on the Company’s covenant compliance under its current debt agreements.
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” These amendments expand the scope of Topic 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation” (which currently only includes share-based payments to employees), to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods or services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees will be substantially aligned. This new standard supersedes Subtopic 505-50, “Equity - Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees.” The guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim fiscal periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted, but no earlier than a company’s adoption date of ASC 606. The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact to its Consolidated Financial Statements.
New Accounting Pronouncements to be Implemented in Fiscal Year 2020
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract.” These amendments align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contact with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by these amendments. The guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim fiscal periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact to its Consolidated Financial Statements. 
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” The ASU removes the requirement to disclose: (a) the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; (b) the policy for timing of transfers between levels; and (c) the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. This new standard requires disclosure of changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income (loss) for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim fiscal periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact on its disclosures.