Nature of Operations: American States Water Company (“AWR”) is the parent company of Golden State Water Company (“GSWC”), Bear Valley Electric Service Inc. (“BVES”), and American States Utility Services, Inc. (“ASUS”) (and its subsidiaries, Fort Bliss Water Services Company (“FBWS”), Old Dominion Utility Services, Inc. (“ODUS”), Terrapin Utility Services, Inc. (“TUS”), Palmetto State Utility Services, Inc. (“PSUS”), Old North Utility Services, Inc. (“ONUS”), Emerald Coast Utility Services, Inc. (“ECUS”), Fort Riley Utility Services, Inc. (“FRUS”), Bay State Utility Services LLC (“BSUS”), and Patuxent River Utility Services LLC (“PRUS”)). AWR and its subsidiaries may be collectively referred to as “Registrant” or “the Company.” AWR, through its wholly owned subsidiaries, serves over one million people in ten states.

GSWC and BVES are both California public utilities. GSWC engages in the purchase, production, distribution and sale of water throughout California serving approximately 264,100 customers connections. BVES distributes electricity in several San Bernardino County mountain communities in California serving approximately 24,800 customers connections. The California Public Utilities Commission (“CPUC”) regulates GSWC’s and BVES’s businesses in matters including properties, rates, services, facilities, and transactions between GSWC, BVES, and their affiliates.

ASUS, through its subsidiaries, operates, maintains and performs construction activities (including renewal and replacement capital work) on water and/or wastewater systems at various U.S. military bases primarily pursuant to initial 50-year, firm-fixed-price contracts with the U.S. government. These contracts are subject to annual economic price adjustments and modifications for changes in circumstances, changes in laws and regulations and additions to the contract value for new construction of facilities at the military bases. ASUS also from time to time performs construction services on military bases as a subcontractor or pursuant to a task order agreement.

On August 15, 2023, ASUS was awarded a new 50-year contract by the U.S. government to operate, maintain, and provide construction management services for the water distribution and wastewater collection and treatment facilities at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, a United States Navy air station located in Maryland. The initial firm-fixed-price value of the contract is estimated at $349 million over a 50-year period and is subject to annual economic price adjustments. This initial value is also subject to adjustment based on the results of a joint inventory of assets to be performed during the transition period and will be finalized during the first year of operations.

On September 29, 2023, ASUS was awarded a new 15-year contract by the U.S. government, that is different than ASUS's other existing 50-year contracts, to operate, maintain, and provide construction management services for the water distribution and wastewater collection and treatment facilities at Joint Base Cape Cod (“JBCC”) located in Massachusetts. Under this contract, ASUS will have the opportunity to perform work at JBCC through the periodic issuance of task orders by the U.S. government for up to a maximum initial firm-fixed-price value of $45.0 million over a 15-year period, subject to adjustments as task orders are issued. In September 2023, the first task order was issued with a value of $2.3 million to perform an evaluation, construction and transition services that are scheduled for completion in 2024.

Basis of Presentation: The consolidated financial statements and notes thereto are presented in a combined report filed by two separate Registrants: AWR and GSWC. References in this report to “Registrant” are to AWR and GSWC, collectively, unless otherwise specified. AWR owns all of the outstanding common shares of GSWC, BVES and ASUS. ASUS owns all of the outstanding common shares of its subsidiaries. The consolidated financial statements of AWR include the accounts of AWR and its subsidiaries. These financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the AWR consolidated financial statements.

Related-Party and Intercompany Transactions: As discussed in Note 9, prior to AWR and GSWC entering into new separate credit agreements on June 28, 2023 that replaced AWR’s previous credit agreement, AWR borrowed under its credit facility and provided funds to both GSWC and ASUS in support of their operations. Under AWR’s new credit facility, AWR borrows and continues to provide funds to ASUS in support of its operations, through an intercompany borrowing agreement, and AWR (parent). The interest rate charged to ASUS is sufficient to cover AWR’s interest expense under the credit facility. GSWC’s new credit facility provides support for its water operations. BVES has a separate credit facility and has also issued long-term debt to support its operations.

Furthermore, GSWC, BVES and ASUS provide and/or receive various support services to and from their parent, AWR, and among themselves. GSWC allocates certain corporate office administrative and general costs to its affiliates, BVES and ASUS, using allocation factors approved by the CPUC. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, GSWC allocated to ASUS approximately $5.0 million, $5.2 million and $5.3 million, respectively, of corporate office

In January 2023, the Board of Directors approved the issuance of one GSWC common share to AWR for $10.0 million. Also in January 2023, GSWC issued $130.0 million in unsecured private placement long-term notes. GSWC used the proceeds from both the issuance of equity and long-term debt issued to pay-off all intercompany borrowings due to AWR at that time. On June 28, 2023, GSWC borrowed for the first time under its new syndicated credit facility and used the proceeds to again pay-off its short-term intercompany borrowings due to AWR. The CPUC requires GSWC to pay-off all intercompany borrowings it has from AWR within a 24-month period. GSWC’s borrowings under its new credit facility will also be required to be paid-off in full within a 24-month period.

COVID-19: During 2021, as a response to orders issued by the CPUC and the governor of California related to the COVID-19 pandemic, GSWC and BVES suspended customer service disconnections for nonpayment at the time. However, pursuant to the CPUC’s decision in the Second Phase of the Low-Income Affordability Rulemaking, the moratorium on water-service disconnections due to non-payment of past-due amounts billed to residential customers expired on February 1, 2022, with service disconnections due to nonpayment for delinquent residential customers resuming in June 2022. Payment plan options have been offered to customers; however, GSWC has continued to experience non-payments of past-due bills from customers as a result of the lingering effects of the pandemic during 2023. The CPUC authorized GSWC and BVES to track incremental costs, including bad debt expense, in excess of what is included in their respective revenue requirements incurred as a result of the pandemic in COVID-19 emergency-related memorandum accounts.

In July 2021, the governor of California approved SB-129 Budget Act of 2021, in which nearly $1 billion in relief funding for overdue water customer bills, and nearly $1 billion in relief funding for overdue electric customer bills were included. The water customer relief funding was managed by the State Water Resources Control Board (“SWRCB”) through the California Water and Wastewater Arrearage Payment Program (“Arrearage Program”) to provide assistance to customers for their water debt accrued during the COVID-19 pandemic by remitting federal funds that the state received from the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 to the utility on behalf of eligible customers. In addition, on July 10, 2023, the governor of California signed a budget trailer bill expanding the Arrearage Program. This new Extended Water and Wastewater Arrearage Program (“Extended Arrearage Program”) extended the COVID relief period to December 31, 2022, with the state legislature allocating an additional $600 million in federal funding.

In January 2022, GSWC received $9.5 million in COVID relief funds through the Arrearage Program to provide assistance to customers for their water debt accrued during the COVID-19 pandemic by remitting federal funds that the state received from the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 to the utility on behalf of eligible customers. In December 2023, GSWC filed an application with the SWRCB through the Extended Arrearage Program to obtain additional COVID relief funds to provide further assistance to its customers for their water debt accrued during the COVID-19 pandemic. GSWC has received confirmation from SWRCB that it is currently processing GSWC's application and expects to disburse approximately $3.5 million in additional COVID relief funds through this Program. All funds to be received will be applied to customer eligible delinquent balances. In February and December 2022, BVES received $321,000 and $152,000, respectively, from the state of California for similar customer relief funding for unpaid electric customer bills incurred during the pandemic. The CPUC requires that amounts tracked in GSWC’s and BVES’s COVID-19 memorandum accounts for unpaid customer bills be first offset by any (i) federal and state relief for water or electric utility bill debt, and (ii) customer payments through payment plan arrangements, prior to receiving recovery from customers at large. As of December 31, 2023, GSWC fully offset its bad debt-related CEMA balance as a result of additional COVID relief funds approved. In addition, BVES has filed to recover the remaining balance in its COVID-19 memorandum account through its general rate case application filed in August 2022.

Utility Accounting: Registrant’s accounting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), including the accounting principles for rate-regulated enterprises, which reflect the ratemaking policies of the CPUC and, to the extent applicable, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. GSWC and BVES have incurred various costs and received various credits reflected as regulatory assets and liabilities. Accounting for such costs and credits as regulatory assets and liabilities is in accordance with the guidance for accounting for the effects of certain types of regulation. This guidance sets forth the application of GAAP for those companies whose rates are established by or are subject to approval by an independent third-party regulator.

Under such accounting guidance, rate-regulated entities defer costs and credits on the balance sheet as regulatory assets and liabilities when it is probable that those costs and credits will be recognized in the ratemaking process in a period different from the period in which they would have been reflected in income by an unregulated company. These regulatory assets and liabilities are then recognized in the income statement in the period in which the same amounts are reflected in the rates charged for service. The amounts included as regulatory assets and liabilities that will be collected or refunded over a period exceeding one year are classified as long-term assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Property and Depreciation: Registrant’s property consists primarily of regulated utility plant at GSWC and BVES. GSWC and BVES capitalize, as utility plant, the cost of construction and the cost of additions, betterments and replacements of retired units of property. Such costs include labor, material and certain indirect costs. Indirect costs are allocated to each project based on total costs.

Water systems acquired are recorded at estimated original cost of utility plant when first devoted to utility service and the applicable depreciation is recorded to accumulated depreciation. Any difference between the estimated original cost, less accumulated depreciation, and the purchase price, if recognized by the CPUC, is recorded as an acquisition adjustment within utility plant.

Depreciation for the regulated utilities is computed on the straight-line, remaining-life basis, group method, in accordance with the applicable ratemaking process. The provision for depreciation expressed as a percentage of the aggregate depreciable asset balances for regulated utilities was 2.2% for each of the years 2023, 2022 and 2021. Depreciation expense for regulated utilities, excluding amortization expense and depreciation on transportation equipment, totaled $38.3 million, $37.3 million and $35.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Depreciation computed on regulated utilities’ transportation equipment is recorded in other operating expenses and totaled $851,000, $382,000 and $379,000 for the years 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2023, approximately $212,000 of additional depreciation expense on GSWC's transportation equipment was recorded that relates to the cumulative retroactive impact for the full year of 2022 approved in the CPUC final decision in GSWC's general rate case that resulted from an increase to the transportation equipment composite depreciation rates that are retroactive to January 1, 2022. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Retired property costs, including costs of removal, are charged to the accumulated provision for depreciation.

Asset Retirement Obligations: GSWC has a legal obligation for the retirement of its wells, which by law need to be properly capped at the time of removal. As such, GSWC incurs asset retirement obligations. GSWC records the fair value of a liability for these asset retirement obligations in the period in which they are incurred. When the liability is initially recorded, GSWC capitalizes the cost by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. Over time, the liability is accreted to its present value each period, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Upon settlement of the liability, GSWC either settles the obligation for its recorded amount or incurs a gain or loss upon settlement. Retirement costs have historically been recovered through rates subsequent to the retirement costs being incurred. Accordingly, recoverability of GSWC’s asset retirement obligations are reflected as a regulatory asset (Note 3). GSWC also reflects the loss or gain at settlement as a regulatory asset or liability on the balance sheet.

With regards to removal costs associated with certain other long-lived assets, such as water mains, distribution and transmission assets, asset retirement obligations have not been recognized as GSWC believes there is no legal obligation to do so. There are no CPUC rules or regulations that require GSWC to remove any of its other long-lived assets. In addition, GSWC’s water pipelines are not subject to regulation by any federal regulatory agency. GSWC has franchise agreements with various municipalities in order to use the public right of way for utility purposes (i.e., operate water distribution and transmission assets), and if certain events occur in the future, GSWC could be required to remove or relocate certain of its pipelines. However, it is not possible to estimate an asset retirement amount since the timing and the amount of assets that may be required to be removed, if any, is not known.

Amounts recorded for asset retirement obligations are subject to various assumptions and determinations, such as determining whether a legal obligation exists to remove assets, estimating the fair value of the costs of removal, when final removal will occur and the credit-adjusted risk-free interest rates to be utilized on discounting future liabilities. Changes that

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets: Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable in accordance with accounting guidance for impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. Registrant would recognize an impairment loss on its regulated assets only if the carrying value amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable from customer rates authorized by the CPUC. Impairment loss is measured as the excess of the carrying value over the amounts recovered in customer rates. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, no impairment loss was incurred.

Goodwill: At December 31, 2023 and 2022, AWR had approximately $1.1 million of goodwill. The $1.1 million goodwill arose from ASUS’s acquisition of a subcontractor’s business at some of its subsidiaries. In accordance with the accounting guidance for testing goodwill, AWR annually assesses qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. For 2023 and 2022, AWR’s assessment of qualitative factors did not indicate that an impairment had occurred for goodwill at ASUS.

Accounts Receivable: Accounts receivable is reported on the balance sheet net of any allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is Registrant’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in Registrant’s existing accounts receivable from its water and electric customers, and is determined based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Registrant reviews the allowance for doubtful accounts quarterly. Account balances are written off against the allowance when it is probable the receivable will not be recovered. When utility customers request extended payment terms, credit is extended based on regulatory guidelines, and collateral is not required.

Receivables from the U.S. government include amounts due under contracts with the U.S. government to operate and maintain, and/or provide construction services for the water and/or wastewater systems at military bases. Other accounts receivable consist primarily of amounts due from third parties (non-utility customers) for various reasons, including amounts due from contractors, amounts due under settlement agreements and amounts due from other third-party prime government contractors pursuant to agreements for construction of water and/or wastewater facilities for such third-party prime contractors. The allowance for these other accounts receivable is based on Registrant’s evaluation of the receivable portfolio under current conditions and a review of specific problems and such other factors that, in Registrant’s judgment, should be considered in estimating losses. Allowances for doubtful accounts are disclosed in Note 18.

Interest: Interest incurred during the construction of capital assets has generally not been capitalized for financial reporting purposes as such policy is not followed in the ratemaking process. Interest expense is generally recovered through the regulatory process. At times, the CPUC has authorized certain capital projects to be filed for revenue recovery with advice letters when those projects are completed. During the time that such projects are under development and construction, GSWC or BVES may record an allowance for funds used during construction (“AFUDC”) as a component of construction work in progress to offset the cost of financing project construction. After construction is completed, GSWC and BVES is permitted to recover these costs through the inclusion in rate base. For the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, BVES recorded $14,000, $106,000 and $216,000, respectively in AFUDC.

Debt Issuance Costs and Redemption Premiums: Original debt issuance costs are deducted from the carrying value of the associated debt liability and amortized over the lives of the respective issuances of long-term debt. Premiums paid on the early redemption of debt are deferred as regulatory assets and amortized over the period that GSWC and BVES recovers such costs in rates, which is generally over the term of the new debt issued to finance early debt redemption. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, Registrant’s long-term debt have been issued by GSWC and BVES.

Advances for Construction and Contributions in Aid of Construction: Advances for construction represent amounts advanced by developers for the cost to construct water system facilities in order to extend water service to their properties. Advances are refundable in equal annual installments, generally over 40 years. In certain instances, GSWC makes refunds on these advances over a specific period of time based on operating revenues related to the main or as new customers are connected to receive service from the main. Contributions in aid of construction are similar to advances but require no refunding. Generally, GSWC and BVES depreciate contributed property and amortize contributions in aid of construction at the composite rate of the related property. Utility plant funded by advances and contributions are excluded from rate base.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments: For cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term debt, the carrying amount is assumed to approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of the amounts. The table below estimates the fair value of long-term debt held by AWR and GSWC, respectively. Rates available to AWR and GSWC at December 31, 2023 and 2022 for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities were used to estimate fair value for long-term debt. Changes in the assumptions will produce differing results.

Registrant makes fair value measurements on its publicly issued notes, private placement notes and other long-term debt using current U.S. corporate debt yields for similar debt instruments. Under the fair value guidance, these are classified as Level 2, which consists of quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Stock-Based Awards: AWR has issued stock-based awards to its employees under stock incentive plans. AWR has also issued stock-based awards to its Board of Directors under non-employee directors stock plans. Registrant applies the provisions in the accounting guidance for share-based payments in accounting for all of its stock-based awards. See Note 13 for further discussion.