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Loans

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

NOTE 7. Loans

The following table sets forth the classification of loans by class, including unearned fees and deferred costs and excluding the allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


(In thousands)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
SBA loans held for investment		36,686		36,859
SBA PPP loans		1,307		1,450
Commercial loans
SBA 504 loans		52,734		48,479
Commercial & industrial		155,187		147,186
Commercial real estate²		1,149,104		1,085,771
Commercial real estate construction		129,829		130,193
Residential mortgage loans		654,250		630,927
Consumer loans
Home equity		75,646		73,223
Consumer other		2,974		3,488
Residential construction loans		73,413		90,918
Total loans held for investment	$	2,331,130	$	2,248,494
Loans held for sale¹		14,000		12,163
Total loans	$	2,345,130	$	2,260,657

¹Loans held for sale included SBA and residential mortgage loans for $11.1 million and $2.9 million as of March 31, 2025, respectively. Loans held for sale included SBA loans for $12.2 million as of December 31, 2024.

²Commercial real estate includes Commercial Mortgage – Owner Occupied, Commercial Mortgage – Nonowner Occupied and Commercial Mortgage – Other. Commercial Mortgage – Other primarily includes multifamily and land loans.

Loans are made to individuals and commercial entities. Specific loan terms vary as to interest rate, repayment and collateral requirements based on the type of loan requested and the credit worthiness of the prospective borrower. Credit risk tends to be geographically concentrated in that a majority of the loan customers are located in the markets serviced by the Bank, most notably in New Jersey. Additionally, the New Jersey credit concentration is primarily focused within the counties that the Company operates in. Loan performance may be adversely affected by factors impacting the general economy or conditions specific to the real estate market such as geographic location and/or property type. A description of the Company’s different loan segments follows:

SBA Loans: SBA 7(a) loans, on which the SBA has historically provided guarantees of up to 90 percent of the principal balance, are considered a higher risk loan product for the Company than its other loan products. The guaranteed portion of the Company’s SBA loans is generally sold in the secondary market with the nonguaranteed portion held in the portfolio as a loan held for investment. SBA loans are for the purpose of providing working capital, business acquisitions, financing the purchase of equipment, inventory or commercial real estate and for other business purposes. Loans are guaranteed by the businesses’ major owners. SBA loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the business and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided.

Loans held for sale includes the guaranteed portion of SBA loans and are reflected at the lower of aggregate cost or market value. When sales of SBA loans do occur, the premium received on the sale and the present value of future cash flows of the servicing assets are recognized in income. All criteria for sale accounting must be met in order for the loan sales to occur.

Servicing assets represent the estimated fair value of retained servicing rights, net of servicing costs, at the time loans are sold. Servicing assets are amortized in proportion to, and over the period of, estimated net servicing revenues. Impairment is evaluated based on stratifying the underlying financial assets by date of origination and term. Fair value is

determined using prices for similar assets with similar characteristics, when available, or based upon discounted cash flows using market-based assumptions.

Serviced loans sold to others are not included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Income and fees collected for loan servicing are credited to noninterest income when earned, net of amortization on the related servicing assets, in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.

Commercial Loans: Commercial credit is extended primarily to middle market and small business customers. Commercial loans are generally made in the Company’s marketplace for the purpose of providing working capital, financing the purchase of equipment, inventory or commercial real estate and for other business purposes. The SBA 504 program consists of real estate backed commercial mortgages where the Company has the first mortgage and the SBA has the second mortgage on the property. Loans will generally be guaranteed in full or for a meaningful amount by the businesses’ major owners. Commercial loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the business and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided.

Residential Mortgage, Consumer and Residential Construction Loans: The Company originates mortgage and consumer loans including principally residential real estate and home equity lines and loans and residential construction lines. The Company originates qualified mortgages which are generally sold in the secondary market and nonqualified mortgages which are generally held for investment. Each loan type is evaluated on debt to income, type of collateral, loan to collateral value, credit history and Company relationship with the borrower.

Inherent in the lending function is credit risk, which is the possibility a borrower may not perform in accordance with the contractual terms of their loan. A borrower’s inability to pay their obligations according to the contractual terms can create the risk of past due loans and, ultimately, credit losses, especially on collateral deficient loans. The Company minimizes its credit risk by loan diversification and adhering to credit administration policies and procedures. Due diligence on loans begins when the Company initiates contact regarding a loan with a borrower. Documentation, including a borrower’s credit history, materials establishing the value and liquidity of potential collateral, the purpose of the loan, the source of funds for repayment of the loan and other factors, are analyzed before a loan is submitted for approval. The commercial loan portfolio is then subject to on-going internal reviews for credit quality which in part is derived from ongoing collection and review of borrowers’ financial information, as well as, independent credit reviews performed by an independent external firm.

The Company’s extension of credit is governed by the Credit Risk Policy which was established to control the quality of the Company’s loans. This policy and the underlying procedures are reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors on a regular basis.

Credit Ratings

The Company places all SBA, commercial and residential construction loans into various credit risk rating categories based on an assessment of the expected ability of the borrowers to properly service their debt. The assessment considers numerous factors including, but not limited to, current financial information on the borrower, historical payment experience, strength of any guarantor, nature of and value of any collateral, acceptability of the loan structure and documentation, relevant public information and current economic trends. This credit risk rating analysis is performed when the loan is initially underwritten and then annually based on set criteria in the Loan Policy.

The Company uses the following regulatory definitions for criticized and classified risk ratings:

Pass: Risk ratings of 1 through 6 are used for loans that are performing, as they meet, and are expected to continue to meet, all of the terms and conditions set forth in the original loan documentation, and are generally current on principal and interest payments. These performing loans are termed “Pass”.

Special Mention: These loans have a potential weakness that deserves Management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, the potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loans or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard: These loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Loss: These loans have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, based on currently existing facts, conditions and values. Once a borrower is deemed incapable of repayment of unsecured debt, the loan is termed a “Loss” and charged off immediately, subject to government guarantee.

For residential mortgage and consumer loans, Management uses performing versus nonperforming as the best indicator of credit quality. Nonperforming loans consist of loans that are not accruing interest (nonaccrual loans) as a result of principal or interest being in default for a period of 90 days or more or when the ability to collect principal and interest according to the contractual terms is in doubt. These credit quality indicators are updated on an ongoing basis, as a loan is placed on nonaccrual status as soon as Management believes there is sufficient doubt as to the ultimate ability to collect interest on a loan.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans

Nonaccrual loans consist of loans that are not accruing interest as a result of principal or interest being in default, typically for a period of 90 days or more or when the ability to collect principal and interest according to the contractual terms is in doubt. When a loan is classified as nonaccrual, interest accruals are discontinued and all past due interest previously recognized as income is reversed and charged against current period earnings. Generally, until the loan becomes current, any payments received from the borrower are applied to outstanding principal until such time as Management determines that the financial condition of the borrower and other factors merit recognition of a portion of such payments as interest income. Loans may be returned to an accrual status when the ability to collect is reasonably assured and when the loan is brought current as to principal and interest. The risk of loss is difficult to quantify and is subject to fluctuations in collateral values, general economic conditions and other factors. The Company values its collateral through the use of appraisals, broker price opinions and knowledge of its local market.

The following tables set forth an aging analysis of past due and nonaccrual loans as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

March 31, 2025

90+ days

30‑59 days

60‑89 days

and still

Total past

(In thousands)

past due

accruing

Nonaccrual

due

Current

Total loans

SBA loans held for investment

7,036

—

1,123

3,231

11,390

25,296

36,686

SBA PPP loans

Commercial loans

SBA 504 loans

—

52,734

Commercial & industrial

475

—

1,263

1,796

153,391

155,187

Commercial real estate

9,842

1,460

—

3,558

14,860

1,134,244

1,149,104

Commercial real estate construction

—

129,829

Residential mortgage loans

15,374

—

8,622

23,996

630,254

654,250

Consumer loans

Home equity

485

2,119

—

2,604

73,042

75,646

Consumer other

—

2,940

2,974

Residential construction loans

—

171

73,242

73,413

Total loans held for investment, excluding SBA PPP

33,232

3,651

1,123

16,845

54,851

2,274,972

2,329,823

Loans held for sale

—

14,000

Total loans, excluding SBA PPP

33,232

3,651

1,123

16,845

54,851

2,288,972

2,343,823


	December 31, 2024
					90+ days
	30‑59 days		60‑89 days		and still				Total past
(In thousands)	past due		past due		accruing		Nonaccrual		due		Current		Total loans
SBA loans held for investment	$	1,006	$	451	$	—	$	3,850	$	5,307	$	31,552	$	36,859
Commercial loans
SBA 504 loans		—		—		—		—		—		48,479		48,479
Commercial & industrial		941		—		—		1,228		2,169		145,017		147,186
Commercial real estate		22,378		2,339		—		1,746		26,463		1,059,308		1,085,771
Commercial real estate construction		—		—		—		—		—		130,193		130,193
Residential mortgage loans		15,654		4,094		760		5,711		26,219		604,708		630,927
Consumer loans
Home equity		479		2,162		—		—		2,641		70,582		73,223
Consumer other		36		5		—		—		41		3,447		3,488
Residential construction loans		—		—		—		547		547		90,371		90,918
Total loans held for investment, excluding SBA PPP		40,494		9,051		760		13,082		63,387		2,183,657		2,247,044
Loans held for sale		—		—		—		—		—		12,163		12,163
Total loans, excluding SBA PPP	$	40,494	$	9,051	$	760	$	13,082	$	63,387	$	2,195,820	$	2,259,207

¹At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had no SBA PPP loans past due.

The Company is using the practical expedient to exclude accrued interest receivable from credit loss measurement. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was $11.3 million of accrued interest on loans.

Individually Evaluated Loans

The Company has defined individually evaluated loans to be all nonperforming loans. Management individually evaluates a loan when, based on current information and events, it is determined that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the loan contract.

The following tables provide detail on the Company’s loans individually evaluated in the Company’s CECL evaluation with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


	March 31, 2025
	Unpaid				Allowance for
	principal		Recorded		Credit Losses
(In thousands)	balance		investment		Allocated
With no related allowance:
SBA loans held for investment	$	1,458	$	1,357	$	—
Commercial loans
Commercial & industrial		696		91		—
Commercial real estate		4,170		3,558		—
Total commercial loans		4,866		3,649		—
Residential mortgage loans		6,284		6,254		—
Total individually evaluated loans with no related allowance		12,608		11,260		—

With an allowance:
SBA loans held for investment		3,842		2,997		349
Commercial loans
Commercial & industrial		1,372		1,172		39
Total commercial loans		1,372		1,172		39
Residential mortgage loans		2,647		2,368		104
Residential construction loans		171		171		44
Total individually evaluated loans with a related allowance		8,032		6,708		536

Total individually evaluated loans:
SBA loans held for investment		5,300		4,354		349
Commercial loans
Commercial & industrial		2,068		1,263		39
Commercial real estate		4,170		3,558		—
Total commercial loans		6,238		4,821		39
Residential mortgage loans		8,931		8,622		104
Residential construction loans		171		171		44
Total individually evaluated loans	$	20,640	$	17,968	$	536


	December 31, 2024
	Unpaid				Allowance for
	principal		Recorded		Credit Losses
(In thousands)	balance		investment		Allocated
With no related allowance:
SBA loans held for investment	$	432	$	334	$	—
Commercial loans
Commercial & industrial		638		33		—
Commercial real estate		2,055		1,746		—
Total commercial loans		2,693		1,779		—
Residential mortgage loans		4,238		4,238		—
Total individually evaluated loans with no related allowance		7,363		6,351		—

With an allowance:
SBA loans held for investment		4,011		3,516		755
Commercial loans
Commercial & industrial		1,672		1,195		62
Total commercial loans		1,672		1,195		62
Residential mortgage loans		2,413		2,233		52
Residential construction loans		547		547		102
Total individually evaluated loans with a related allowance		8,643		7,491		971

Total individually evaluated loans:
SBA loans held for investment		4,443		3,850		755
Commercial loans
Commercial & industrial		2,310		1,228		62
Commercial real estate		2,055		1,746		—
Total commercial loans		4,365		2,974		62
Residential mortgage loans		6,651		6,471		52
Residential construction loans		547		547		102
Total individually evaluated loans	$	16,006	$	13,842	$	971

The following tables show the internal loan classification risk by loan portfolio classification by origination year as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, as well as gross write-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2024:


	Term Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year, March 31, 2025

(In thousands)		2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		2020 and Earlier		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
SBA loans held for investment
Risk Rating:
Pass	$	38	$	2,499	$	1,295	$	5,108	$	4,846	$	15,736	$	-	$	29,522
Special Mention		-		-		826		1,606		356		1,046		-		3,834
Substandard		-		-		274		557		2,116		383		-		3,330
Total SBA loans held for investment	$	38	$	2,499	$	2,395	$	7,271	$	7,318	$	17,165	$	-	$	36,686
SBA loans held for investment
Current-period gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	350	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	350

SBA PPP loans
Risk Rating:
Pass	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	1,307	$	-	$	-	$	1,307
Total SBA PPP loans	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	1,307	$	-	$	-	$	1,307

Commercial loans
Risk Rating:
Pass	$	82,835	$	205,300	$	161,764	$	335,689	$	153,268	$	435,403	$	93,704	$	1,467,963
Special Mention		-		-		-		7,268		914		3,033		16		11,231
Substandard		-		-		-		-		1,164		6,496		-		7,660
Total commercial loans	$	82,835	$	205,300	$	161,764	$	342,957	$	155,346	$	444,932	$	93,720	$	1,486,854
Commercial loans
Current-period gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	1	$	1	$	-	$	2

Residential mortgage loans
Risk Rating:
Performing	$	44,962	$	83,266	$	75,177	$	220,214	$	63,751	$	158,258	$	-	$	645,628
Nonperforming		-		-		1,159		2,285		318		4,860		-		8,622
Total residential mortgage loans	$	44,962	$	83,266	$	76,336	$	222,499	$	64,069	$	163,118	$	-	$	654,250
Residential mortgage loans
Current-period gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	130	$	-	$	-		130

Consumer loans
Risk Rating:
Performing	$	5,053	$	5,241	$	1,576	$	3,000	$	1,226	$	8,931	$	53,593	$	78,620
Total consumer loans	$	5,053	$	5,241	$	1,576	$	3,000	$	1,226	$	8,931	$	53,593	$	78,620
Consumer loans
Current-period gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	50	$	-	$	-	$	50

Residential construction
Risk Rating:
Pass	$	7,051	$	35,553	$	11,238	$	13,980	$	2,260	$	3,160	$	-	$	73,242
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		171		-		171
Total residential construction loans	$	7,051	$	35,553	$	11,238	$	13,980	$	2,260	$	3,331	$	-	$	73,413
Residential construction
Current-period gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Total loans held for investment	$	139,939	$	331,859	$	253,309	$	589,707	$	231,526	$	637,477	$	147,313	$	2,331,130


	Term Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year, December 31, 2024
(In thousands)		2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019 and Earlier		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
SBA loans held for investment
Risk Rating:
Pass	$	2,167	$	1,580	$	5,205	$	4,961	$	5,570	$	10,085	$	-	$	29,568
Special Mention		-		769		1,740		356		508		729		-		4,103
Substandard		-		-		956		2,116		116		1		-		3,189
Total SBA loans held for investment	$	2,167	$	2,349	$	7,901	$	7,433	$	6,194	$	10,815	$	-	$	36,859
SBA loans held for investment
Current-period gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	300	$	70	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	370

SBA PPP loans
Risk Rating:
Pass	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	1,450	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	1,450
Total SBA PPP loans	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	1,450	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	1,450

Commercial loans
Risk Rating:
Pass	$	189,371	$	167,190	$	331,349	$	161,508	$	123,225	$	330,131	$	94,369	$	1,397,143
Special Mention		-		-		6,269		1,737		-		3,108		17		11,131
Substandard		-		-		-		2		1,187		2,157		9		3,355
Total commercial loans	$	189,371	$	167,190	$	337,618	$	163,247	$	124,412	$	335,396	$	94,395	$	1,411,629
Commercial loans
Current-period gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	38	$	138	$	200	$	107	$	150	$	633

Residential mortgage loans
Risk Rating:
Performing	$	93,825	$	73,862	$	224,295	$	65,192	$	44,366	$	122,916	$	-	$	624,456
Nonperforming		-		227		1,488		2,238		-		2,518		-		6,471
Total residential mortgage loans	$	93,825	$	74,089	$	225,783	$	67,430	$	44,366	$	125,434	$	-	$	630,927
Residential mortgage loans
Current-period gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	150	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	150

Consumer loans
Risk Rating:
Performing	$	5,898	$	2,602	$	3,275	$	1,515	$	667	$	10,409	$	52,345	$	76,711
Total consumer loans	$	5,898	$	2,602	$	3,275	$	1,515	$	667	$	10,409	$	52,345	$	76,711
Consumer loans
Current-period gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	63	$	100	$	-	$	198	$	-	$	361

Residential construction
Risk Rating:
Pass	$	36,522	$	16,889	$	26,683	$	7,766	$	1,154	$	1,357	$	-	$	90,371
Substandard		-		-		-		-		547		-		-		547
Total residential construction loans	$	36,522	$	16,889	$	26,683	$	7,766	$	1,701	$	1,357	$	-	$	90,918
Residential construction
Current-period gross writeoffs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	277	$	-	$	277

Total loans held for investment	$	327,783	$	263,119	$	601,260	$	248,841	$	177,340	$	483,411	$	146,740	$	2,248,494

Modifications

The allowance for credit losses incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and is recorded on in-scope assets upon asset origination or acquisition. The starting point for the estimate of the allowance for credit losses is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of receivables to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company uses a weighted-average remaining maturity model to determine the allowance for credit losses. An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification.

Because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses because of the measurement methodologies used to estimate the allowance, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. Occasionally, the Company modifies loans by providing principal forgiveness on certain of its real estate loans. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amortized cost basis of the asset is written off against the allowance for credit losses. The amount of the principal forgiveness is deemed to be uncollectible; therefore, that portion of the loan is written off, resulting in a reduction of the amortized cost basis and a corresponding adjustment to the allowance for credit losses.

In some cases, the Company will modify a certain loan by providing multiple types of concessions. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted.

The following table shows the amortized cost basis at the end of the reporting period of the loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by class of gross loans and type of concession granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively:


		Payment Delay				Term Extension
		Principal	Percentage			Principal	Percentage
(In thousands)		Balance	of Loan Class			Balance	of Loan Class
SBA loans held for investment	$	187	0.5	%	$	—	—	%
Residential mortgage loans		1,101	0.2			—	—
Consumer loans
Home equity		—	—			104	0.1
Balance as of March 31, 2025	$	1,288	0.1	%	$	104	—	%


		Principal Forgiveness				Payment Delay				Term Extension
		Principal	Percentage			Principal	Percentage			Principal	Percentage
(In thousands)		Balance	of Loan Class			Balance	of Loan Class			Balance	of Loan Class
SBA loans held for investment	$	8	—	%	$	99	0.3	%	$	—	—	%
Commercial loans
Commercial & industrial		—	—			—	—			813	0.2
Commercial real estate		—	—			2,619	0.3			—	—
Consumer loans
Home equity		—	—			—	—			2,309	3.4
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	8	—	%	$	2,718	0.1	%	$	3,122	0.2	%

Upon the Company's determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or portion of the loan) is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount. Two loans, a $2.1 million

home equity loan and a $0.6 million residential mortgage loan, that were modified during the twelve months ended March 31, 2025 were not in compliance with the modified terms.