Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Basis of Presentation: The consolidated financial statements include the results of Cenveo, Inc. and its subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. Certain amounts in the 2015 consolidated balance sheet have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.

Cenveo, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company" or "Cenveo") are engaged in envelope converting, commercial printing, and the manufacturing of label products. The Company is headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut, is organized under Colorado law, and its common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "CVO." The Company operates a network of strategically located manufacturing facilities, serving a diverse base of customers. The Company’s operations are based in North America and India.

The Company’s reporting periods for 2016 and 2015 in this report consisted of 52 and 53 week periods, respectively, and ended on December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, respectively. Such periods are referred to herein as: (i) "as of the year ended 2016," "the year ended 2016" or "2016;" and (ii) "as of the year ended 2015," "the year ended 2015" or "2015." All references to years and year-ends herein relate to fiscal years rather than calendar years.

As a result of exploring opportunities to divest certain non-strategic or underperforming businesses within its manufacturing platform, during the first quarter of 2016 the Company completed the sale of its folded carton and shrink sleeve packaging businesses, along with its one top-sheet lithographic print operation (collectively, the "Packaging Business"). See Note 3 for information regarding the completion of sale of the Packaging Business. In accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 205-20 Presentation of Financial Statements - Discontinued Operations and ASC 360 Property, Plant & Equipment, the financial results of the Packaging Business have been accounted for as discontinued operations for all periods presented.

On July 8, 2016, the Company announced a reverse split of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Common Stock"), at a ratio of 1-for-8, effective July 13, 2016 (the "Reverse Stock Split"). The Common Stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis on July 14, 2016. The Reverse Stock Split was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the annual meeting of the stockholders held on May 26, 2016. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, each eight pre-split shares of Common Stock outstanding were automatically combined into one new share of Common Stock without any action on the part of the respective holders, and the number of outstanding common shares on the date of the split was reduced from approximately 68.5 million shares to approximately 8.5 million shares. The Reverse Stock Split also applied to Common Stock issuable upon the exchange of the Company’s outstanding 7% senior exchangeable notes due 2017 (the "7% Notes") and upon the exercise of the Company's outstanding warrants. Additionally, the Reverse Stock Split applied to the Company's outstanding stock options, restricted share units ("RSUs"), and performance share units ("PSUs"), (collectively, the "Equity Awards"). In addition, the authorized Common Stock was initially increased from 100 million to 120 million shares and then adjusted in the Reverse Stock Split from 120 million to 15 million shares. The Company's historical consolidated financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to give recognition to the Reverse Stock Split for all periods presented.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Estimates and assumptions are used for, but not limited to, establishing the allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of inventory, purchase price allocation, depreciation and amortization lives, asset impairment evaluations, deferred tax assets and liabilities, self-insurance accruals, stock-based compensation and other contingencies. Actual results could differ from estimates.

Fair Value Measurement

Fair Value Measurements: Certain assets and liabilities of the Company are required to be recorded at fair value. Fair value is determined based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their carrying values due to their short-term nature. The Company also has other assets or liabilities that it records at fair value, such as its pension plan assets. The three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies, is as follows:


Level 1 —	Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.


Level 2 —	Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.


Level 3 —	Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include cash on deposit and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with institutions with high credit quality. However, at certain times, such cash and cash equivalents may be in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits. Cash and cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable: Trade accounts receivable are stated net of allowances for doubtful accounts. Specific customer provisions are made when a review of significant outstanding amounts, customer creditworthiness and current economic trends indicate that collection is doubtful. In addition, provisions are made at differing amounts, based upon the balance and age of the receivable and the Company’s historical collection experience. Trade accounts are charged off against the allowance for doubtful accounts or expensed when it is probable the accounts will not be recovered. As of the years ended 2016 and 2015, accounts receivable were reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts of $2.1 million and $5.9 million, respectively. Transactions affecting the allowance for doubtful accounts are as follows (in thousands):



	For The Years Ended
	2016			2015
Balance at beginning of year	$	5,872		$	4,632
Charged to expense	1,415			2,567
Write-offs, recoveries and other, net	(5,152		)	(1,327		)
Balance at end of year	$	2,135		$	5,872

Inventories

Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost primarily determined on a first-in, first-out or average cost basis and stated net of reserves for obsolescence. Cost includes materials, labor and overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment: Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method generally based on the estimated useful lives of 15 to 45 years for buildings and building improvements, 10 to 15 years for machinery and equipment and 3 to 10 years for furniture and fixtures. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvements. When an asset is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related gross cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the statement of operations. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred, and expenditures that increase the capacity, efficiency or useful lives of existing assets are capitalized.

Computer Software

Computer Software: The Company develops and purchases software for internal use. Software development costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized. Once the software has been installed, tested and is ready for use, additional costs in connection with the software are expensed as incurred. Capitalized computer software costs are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software, generally between three and seven years. Net computer software costs included in property, plant and equipment were $20.7 million and $16.6 million as of the years ended 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt Issuance Costs: Direct expenses such as legal, accounting and underwriting fees incurred to issue, extend or amend debt are included as a reduction in the carrying amount of the related debt, with the exception of costs incurred in connection with the Company's asset-based revolving credit facility (the "ABL Facility") which are recorded in other assets, net. Debt issuance costs are recorded net of accumulated amortization, and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the related debt. Debt issuance costs of $18.1 million and $16.5 million were recorded as a reduction to long-term debt as of the years ended 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $3.6 million and $2.4 million were recorded in other assets, net, as of the years ended 2016 and 2015, respectively. Interest expense includes the amortization of debt issuance costs of $9.0 million and $10.1 million in 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets: Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is not amortized. Goodwill is subject to an annual impairment test and is reviewed annually as of the end of November to determine if there is an impairment, or more frequently if an indication of possible impairment exists. Impairment testing for goodwill is performed at a reporting unit level, with all goodwill assigned to a reporting unit. The Company's reporting units are the same as its three operating segments. An impairment loss generally would be recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit's net assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. No impairment charges for goodwill were recorded for years ended 2016 and 2015, except as disclosed in Note 3, which relates to discontinued operations.

Other intangible assets consist primarily of customer relationships and trademarks. Other intangible assets primarily arise from the purchase price allocations of businesses acquired. Intangible assets with determinable lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life assigned to these assets. Intangible assets that are expected to generate cash flows indefinitely are not amortized, but are evaluated for impairment using the relief-from-royalty method. There were no intangible asset impairments for the years ended 2016 or 2015.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived Assets: Long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets with definite lives, are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be fully recoverable. An impairment is assessed if the undiscounted expected future cash flows generated from an asset are less than its carrying value. Impairment losses are recognized for the amount by which the carrying value of an asset exceeds its fair value (Level 2 and 3). Additionally, the estimated useful lives of all long-lived assets are periodically reviewed and revised, if necessary.

Self-Insurance

Self-Insurance: The Company is self-insured for the majority of its workers’ compensation costs and health insurance costs, subject to specific retention levels. The Company records its liability for workers’ compensation claims on a fully-developed basis. The Company’s liability for health insurance claims includes an estimate for claims incurred, but not reported. As of the years ended 2016 and 2015, the (i) undiscounted workers' compensation liability was $12.1 million and $12.3 million, respectively, and the discounted liability was $11.2 million and $11.4 million, respectively, using discount rates of 2% for each of the years ended 2016 and 2015; and the (ii) healthcare liability was $3.2 million for each of the years ended 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Pension and Other Postretirement Plans

Pension and Other Postretirement Plans: The Company records expense relating to its pension and other postretirement plans based on actuarial calculations. The inputs for these estimates mainly include discount rates, anticipated mortality rates and assumed rates of return. The Company reviews its actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and modifies the assumptions based on current anticipated rates. The effect of modifications on the value of plan obligations and assets is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") and is recognized in the statement of operations over future periods.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition: The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, product delivery has occurred, pricing is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured, net of rebates earned by customers. Since a significant portion of the Company’s products are customer specific, it is common for customers to inspect the quality of the product at the Company’s facility prior to its shipment. Products shipped are not subject to contractual right of return provisions.

Sales Tax: The Company records sales net of applicable sales tax.

Freight Costs

Freight Costs: The costs of delivering finished goods to customers are recorded as freight costs and included in cost of sales. Freight costs that are either billed separately to the customer or included in the price of the product are included in net sales.

Advertising Costs

Advertising Costs: All advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were $3.7 million and $3.2 million for 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation: The Company uses the fair value method of accounting for stock-based compensation. The Company uses the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model ("Black-Scholes") to measure fair value of stock option awards. The Black-Scholes model requires the Company to make significant judgments regarding the assumptions used within the model, the most significant of which are the stock price volatility assumption, the expected life of the option award, the risk-free rate of return and dividends during the expected term. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for share-based awards expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award based on their grant date fair value.

Foreign Currency Translation

Foreign Currency Translation: Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries operating outside the United States with a functional currency other than the United States dollar are translated at year-end exchange rates. The effects of translation are included in shareholders’ deficit. Income and expense items and gains and losses are translated at the average monthly rate. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other income, net when the underlying transaction takes place.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes: Deferred income taxes reflect the future tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial and income tax reporting and are measured by applying statutory tax rates in effect for the year during which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company has a full valuation allowance related to its net U.S. deferred tax assets as of the year ended 2016.

The Company recognizes a tax position in its consolidated financial statements when it is more likely than not that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. This recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Although the Company believes that its estimates are reasonable, the final outcome of uncertain tax positions may be materially different from that which is recognized in its consolidated financial statements. The Company adjusts such reserves upon changes in circumstances that would cause a change to the estimate of the ultimate liability, upon effective settlement or upon the expiration of the statute of limitations, in the period in which such event occurs.

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements: In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)." The new revenue recognition standard provides a five-step analysis to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The standard requires that a company recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which a company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and will be applied retrospectively to each period presented or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pending adoption of ASU 2014-09; however, we do not expect that the future adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-07, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent)". This ASU removes the requirement to categorize all investments for which fair value is measured at the net asset value per share practical expedient within the fair value hierarchy. The Company adopted ASU 2015-07 during 2016 and applied the provisions retrospectively to all periods presented. Adoption of ASU 2015-07 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements, other than enhancing the disclosures in Note 13.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, "Inventory (Topic 340): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory." Under ASU 2015-11, companies utilizing the first-in, first-out or average cost method should measure inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value, whereas net realizable value is defined as the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company expects that the future adoption of ASU 2015-11 will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17 "Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes." ASU 2015-17 simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes to require that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as non-current in a classified balance sheet. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. As of year ended 2016, the Company had $3.4 million of current deferred tax assets that would be reclassified from prepaid and other current assets to other liabilities.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." The new standard establishes a right-of-use ("ROU") model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of operations. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years and early adoption is permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. At a minimum, adoption of ASU 2016-02 will require recording a ROU asset and a lease liability on the Company's consolidated balance sheet; however, the Company is still currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements. See Note 14 for the current anticipated future operating lease payments.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, "Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." The new standard simplifies various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the consolidated financial statements. The amendments include income tax consequences, the accounting for forfeitures, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2017 and early adoption is permitted if all amendments are adopted in the same period. The Company expects that the future adoption of ASU 2016-09 will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments." ASU 2016-15 reduces the diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company expects that the future adoption of ASU 2016-15 will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04 "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill Impairment" which removes the second step from the goodwill impairment test. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted, and applied prospectively. The Company expects that the future adoption of ASU 2017-04 will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.