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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Basis of Financial Statement Presentation

Labcorp® Holdings Inc. (Labcorp, LHI, or the Company) is a global leader of innovative and comprehensive laboratory services that provides vital information to help doctors, hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, researchers, and patients make clear and confident decisions. By leveraging its unparalleled diagnostics and drug development capabilities, the Company provides insights and accelerates innovations to improve health and improve lives. With nearly 70,000 employees, the Company serves clients in approximately 100 countries.

On April 25, 2024, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LCAH) announced plans to implement a new public holding company structure, with Labcorp as the holding company. On May 17, 2024, the Company completed the holding company reorganization (Reorganization) and became the successor issuer. Labcorp Holdings Inc. has no independent assets or operations and its sole ownership interest is in LCAH.

The Company reports its business in two segments, Labcorp Diagnostics (Dx) and Biopharma Laboratory Services (BLS), consisting of Early Development Research Laboratories (ED) and Central Laboratory Services. In 2024, Dx and BLS contributed 78% and 22%, respectively, of revenues to the Company, and in 2023 contributed 77% and 23%, respectively.

These Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries for which it exercises control. Long-term investments in affiliated companies in which the Company exercises significant influence, but which it does not control, are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in which the Company does not exercise significant influence (generally, when the Company has an investment of less than 20% and no representation on the investee’s board of directors) are accounted for at fair value or at cost minus impairment adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer for those investments that do not have readily determinable fair values. All significant inter-Company transactions and accounts have been eliminated. The Company does not have any variable interest entities or special purpose entities whose financial results are not included in these Consolidated Financial Statements.

The financial statements of the Company’s operating foreign subsidiaries are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates as of the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average monthly exchange rates prevailing during the year. Resulting translation adjustments are included in Accumulated other comprehensive income.

On June 30, 2023, the Company completed the separation (Spin-off) of Fortrea Holdings Inc. (Fortrea), formerly the Company’s Clinical Development and Commercialization Services (CDCS) business, into a separate, publicly traded company. All current and historical operating results of Fortrea are presented as Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. As a result of the Spin-off, the Company recast segment results to exclude the historical results of the CDCS business for all periods presented. The remaining operations of the previously reported Drug Development segment has been renamed the BLS segment.

Reimbursable Out-of-Pocket Expenses

BLS pays on behalf of its customers certain out-of-pocket costs for which the Company is reimbursed at cost, without mark-up or profit. Out-of-pocket costs paid by BLS are reflected in Cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, while the reimbursements received are reflected in Revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenue includes direct labor and related benefit charges, reimbursable expenses, other direct costs, shipping and handling fees, and an allocation of facility charges and information technology costs.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of administrative payroll and related benefit charges, administrative travel, and an allocation of facility charges and information technology costs.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S.), requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported periods. Significant estimates include implicit price concessions, revenue estimates, the allowance for credit losses, deferred tax assets, fair values of acquired assets and assumed liabilities in business combinations, fair value of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, amortization lives for acquired intangible assets, and accruals for self-insurance reserves, litigation reserves and pensions. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable.

The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents with various major financial institutions. The Company believes all financial institutions holding its cash are of high credit quality and does not believe the Company is subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships. The total Cash and cash equivalent balances that exceeded the balances insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Commission, were approximately $1,516.0 and $534.7 at December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

Substantially all of the Company’s accounts receivable are with companies in the healthcare or pharmaceutical industry and individuals. However, concentrations of credit risk are mitigated due to the number of the Company’s customers as well as their dispersion across many different geographic regions.

Although Dx has receivables due from U.S. and state governmental agencies, the Company does not believe that such receivables represent a credit risk since the related healthcare programs are funded by U.S. and state governments, and payment is primarily dependent upon submitting appropriate documentation. Accounts receivable balances (gross) from Medicare and Medicaid were $97.4 and $86.5 at December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

For the Company’s operations in Ontario, Canada, the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (Ministry) determines who can establish a licensed community medical laboratory and caps the amount that each of these licensed laboratories can bill the government sponsored healthcare plan. The Ontario government-sponsored healthcare plan covers the cost of commercial laboratory testing performed by the licensed laboratories. The provincial government discounts the annual testing volumes based on certain utilization discounts and establishes an annual maximum it will pay for all community laboratory tests. The agreed-upon reimbursement rates are subject to Ministry review at the end of year and can be adjusted (at the government’s discretion) based upon the actual volume and mix of test work performed by the licensed healthcare providers in the province during the year. The capitated accounts receivable balance from the Ontario government sponsored healthcare plan was Canadian Dollar 6.4 and 5.5 at December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

The portion of the Company’s accounts receivable due from patients comprises the largest portion of credit risk. At December 31, 2024, and 2023, receivables due from patients represented approximately 24.5% and 20.4% of the Company’s consolidated gross accounts receivable, respectively. The Company applies assumptions and judgments including historical collection experience and reasonable and supportable forecasts for assessing collectability and determining the allowance for credit losses for accounts receivable from patients.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per common share (Basic EPS) is computed by dividing Net earnings attributable to Labcorp Holdings Inc. by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share (Diluted EPS) is computed by dividing Net earnings attributable to Labcorp Holdings Inc., and if applicable, including the impact of dilutive adjustments by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive shares, as if they had been issued at the earlier of the date of issuance or the beginning of the period presented. Potentially dilutive common shares result primarily from the Company’s outstanding stock options, restricted stock awards, and performance share awards.

The following represents a reconciliation of Basic EPS to Diluted EPS:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2024					2023					2022
	Basic EPS		Dilutive Effect	Diluted EPS		Basic EPS		Dilutive Effect	Diluted EPS		Basic EPS		Dilutive Effect	Diluted EPS

Net earnings attributable to LHI	$	746.0		$	746.0	$	418.0		$	418.0	$	1,279.1		$	1,279.1
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	83.9		0.5	84.4		87.1		0.5	87.6		91.1		0.5	91.6


Per common share amount	$	8.89		$	8.84	$	4.80		$	4.77	$	14.05		$	13.97

The following table summarizes the potential common shares not included in the computation of Diluted EPS because their impact would have been antidilutive:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2022
Employee stock options and awards	0.2	0.2	0.2

Stock Compensation Plans

The Company measures stock compensation cost for all equity awards at fair value on the date of grant and recognizes compensation expense over the service period for awards expected to vest. The fair value of restricted stock units is determined based on the number of shares granted and the quoted price of the Company’s Common Stock on the grant date. To estimate the fair value of stock option awards, the Black-Scholes model is used, which relies on various key assumptions, including risk-free interest rate, expected term, and expected volatility. The grant date fair value of performance awards is based on a Monte Carlo simulated fair value for the relative (as compared to the peer companies) total shareholder return component of the performance awards. Such value is recognized as an expense over the service period and the Company’s determination of whether it is probable that the performance targets will be achieved. At the end of each reporting period, the Company reassesses the probability of achieving performance targets. Forfeitures are recognized as a reduction of compensation expense in earnings in the period in which they occur.

Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid instruments, such as commercial paper, time deposits, and other money market instruments, which have maturities when purchased of three months or less.

Supplies Inventory

Supplies inventory, consisting primarily of purchased laboratory and customer supplies and finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value. Supplies accounted for $384.2 and $385.1 and finished goods accounted for $109.0 and $89.5 of total Supplies inventory at December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The Company’s inventory reserve balance was $43.8 and $66.1, as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation and amortization expense is computed on all classes of assets based on their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method.

Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred. Retirements, sales, and other disposals of assets are recorded by removing the cost and accumulated depreciation from the related accounts with any resulting gain or loss reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If the carrying value is no longer recoverable based upon the undiscounted future cash flows of the asset, the amount of the impairment is the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset.

Capitalized Software Costs

The Company capitalizes purchased software that is ready for service and capitalizes software development costs incurred on significant projects starting from the time that the preliminary project stage is completed, and the Company commits to funding a project until the project is substantially complete and the software is ready for its intended use. Capitalized software costs are included in Property, plant and equipment, net within the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are mainly comprised of direct material and service costs and payroll and payroll-related costs. Computer software maintenance costs related to software

development are expensed as incurred. Capitalized software costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the underlying system ranging from three to fifteen years, generally five years. Amortization begins once the underlying system is substantially complete and ready for its intended use.

Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets

The Company assesses goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. The annual impairment test for goodwill includes an option to perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying value. Reporting units are businesses with discrete financial information that is available and reviewed by management. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then the Company performs the quantitative goodwill impairment test. The Company may also choose to bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in its goodwill assessment and proceed directly to performing the quantitative assessment. The Company recognizes an impairment charge for the amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value.

In the qualitative assessment, the Company considers relevant events and circumstances for each reporting unit, including (i) current year results, (ii) financial performance versus management’s annual and five-year strategic plans, (iii) changes in the reporting unit carrying value since prior year, (iv) industry and market conditions in which the reporting unit operates, (v) macroeconomic conditions, including discount rate changes, and (vi) changes in offerings provided by the reporting unit. If applicable, performance in recent years is compared to forecasts included in prior quantitative valuations. Based on the results of the qualitative assessment, if the Company concludes that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying values of the reporting unit, then no quantitative assessment is performed.

The quantitative assessment includes the estimation of the fair value of each reporting unit as compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit. The Company estimates the fair value of a reporting unit using both income-based and market-based valuation methods. The income-based approach is based on the reporting unit’s forecasted future cash flows that are discounted to the present value using the reporting unit’s weighted-average cost of capital. For the market-based approach, the Company utilizes a number of factors such as publicly available information regarding the market capitalization of the Company, as well as operating results, business plans, market multiples, and present value techniques. Based upon the range of estimated values developed from the income and market-based methods, the Company determines the estimated fair value for the reporting unit. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value, the goodwill is not impaired, and no further review is required.

Management performed its annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment testing as of the beginning of the fourth quarter of 2024. The Company elected to perform a quantitative assessment for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for each of its reporting units. Based upon the results of the quantitative assessments, the Company concluded that the fair values of each of its reporting units, as of October 1, 2024, were greater than the carrying values.

Although the Company believes that the current assumptions and estimates used in its goodwill analysis are reasonable, supportable, and appropriate, the Company’s business could be impacted by unfavorable changes, including those that impact the existing assumptions used in the impairment analysis. Various factors could reasonably be expected to unfavorably impact existing assumptions: primarily, a worsening economic environment and protracted economic downturn and related impacts, including delays in revenue from new customers; increases in customer termination activity; or increases in operating costs. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for the purposes of the goodwill impairment analysis will prove to be accurate predictions of future performance.

The Company will continue to monitor the financial performance of, and assumptions for, its reporting units. A significant increase in the discount rate, decrease in the revenue and terminal growth rates, decreased operating margin, or substantial reductions in end markets and volume assumptions, could have a negative impact on the estimated fair value of the reporting units. A future impairment charge for goodwill or intangible assets could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected periods to be benefited such as legal life for patents and technology, contractual lives for non-compete agreements and customer relationships.

Intangible assets with finite lives are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If the carrying value is no longer recoverable based upon the undiscounted future

cash flows of the asset, the amount of the impairment is the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset.

Debt Issuance Costs

The costs related to the issuance of debt are capitalized, netted against the related debt for presentation purposes and amortized to interest expense over the terms of the related debt.

Professional Liability

The Company is self-insured (up to certain limits) for professional liability claims arising in the normal course of business, generally related to laboratory testing and reporting of test results. The Company estimates a liability that represents the ultimate exposure for aggregate losses below those limits. The liability is based on assumptions and factors for known and incurred but not reported claims, including the frequency and payment trends of historical claims.

Leases

All leases with a lease term greater than 12 months are recorded as an obligation on the balance sheet with a corresponding right-of-use (ROU) asset. Both finance and operating leases are reflected as liabilities on the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of the lease payments to be made over the lease term. Right-of-use assets are valued at the initial measurement of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs or rent prepayments, minus lease incentives and any deferred lease payments. The classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

A certain number of these leases contain rent escalation clauses either fixed or adjusted periodically for inflation or market rates that are factored into the Company’s determination of lease payments. The Company also has variable lease payments that do not depend on a rate or index, for items such as volume purchase commitments, which are recorded as variable cost when incurred. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company estimates an incremental borrowing rate based on the credit quality of the Company and by comparing interest rates available in the market for similar borrowings, and adjusting this amount based on the impact of collateral over the term of each lease. The Company uses this rate to discount payments to present value. Some operating leases contain renewal options, some of which also include options to early terminate the leases. The exercise of these options is at the Company’s discretion and the Company evaluates each renewal option to determine if it is reasonably possible to be exercised and should be included in the accounting lease term.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes utilizing the asset and liability method. Under this method deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and for tax loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company does not recognize a tax benefit unless the Company concludes that it is more likely than not that the benefit will be sustained on audit by the taxing authority based solely on the technical merits of the associated tax position. If the recognition threshold is met, the Company recognizes a tax benefit measured at the largest amount of the tax benefit that the Company believes is greater than 50% likely to be realized. The Company records interest and penalties in Provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company addresses its exposure to market risks, principally the market risk associated with changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates, through a controlled program of risk management that includes, from time to time, the use of derivative financial instruments. The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. The Company does not believe that its exposure to market risk is material to the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Interest rate swap agreements, which have been used by the Company from time to time in the management of interest rate exposure, are accounted for at fair value. These derivative financial instruments are accounted for as fair value hedges that increase or decrease the value of the Company’s senior notes with the offset being recorded as a component of other long-term assets or liabilities, as applicable. As the specific terms and notional amounts of the derivative financial instruments match those of the fixed-rate debt being hedged, the derivative instruments are assumed to be perfectly effective hedges and

accordingly, there is no impact to the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Cash flows from the interest rate swaps are including in operating activities within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Cross currency swap agreements, which have been used by the Company to hedge the foreign currency exposure of its net investment in a foreign subsidiary denominated in non-U.S. currency, are accounted for at fair value. Changes in the fair value of the cross-currency swaps are charged or credited through Accumulated other comprehensive income in the Consolidated Balance Sheet until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The cumulative amount of the fair value hedging adjustments are recognized as Foreign currency translation adjustments within the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings.

Foreign currency forward contracts, which have been used by the Company to hedge foreign currency receivables, are recognized as assets or liabilities at their fair value. These contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting and the changes in fair value are recorded directly to earnings. The contracts are short-term in nature and the fair value of these contracts is based on market prices for comparable contracts.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value measurements for financial assets and liabilities are determined based on the assumptions that a market participant would use in pricing an asset or liability. A three-tiered fair value hierarchy draws distinctions between market participant assumptions based on (i) observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets (Level 1), (ii) inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2), and (iii) unobservable inputs that require the Company to use present value and other valuation techniques in the determination of fair value (Level 3).

Foreign Currencies

For subsidiaries outside of the U.S. that operate in a local currency environment, income and expense items are translated to U.S. dollars at the monthly average rates of exchange prevailing during the period, assets and liabilities are translated at period-end exchange rates and equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates. Translation adjustments are accumulated in a separate component of Shareholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are included in the determination of comprehensive earnings in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings and Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity. Transaction gains and losses are included in the determination of Net earnings in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.