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INCOME TAXES
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
INCOME TAXES

The Company does not recognize a tax benefit unless the Company concludes that it is more likely than not that the benefit will be sustained on audit by the taxing authority based solely on the technical merits of the associated tax position. If the recognition threshold is met, the Company recognizes a tax benefit measured at the largest amount of the tax benefit that the Company believes is greater than 50% likely to be realized.
The gross unrecognized income tax benefits were $27.9 and $16.7 at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Substantially all of the increase relates to matters associated with the Acquisition. It is anticipated that the amount of the unrecognized income tax benefits will change within the next twelve months; however, these changes are not expected to have a significant impact on the results of operations, cash flows or the financial position of the Company.

As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, $27.9 and $16.7, respectively, are the approximate amounts of gross unrecognized income tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in future periods. Substantially all of the increase relates to matters associated with the Acquisition.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized income tax benefits in income tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions totaled $9.5 and $8.2 as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The transfer of Covance's beginning balances accounted for substantially all of the increase.  
The valuation allowance provided as a reserve against certain deferred tax assets is $15.4 and $17.1 as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
The Company has substantially concluded all U.S. federal income tax matters for years through 2011. Substantially all material state and local, and foreign income tax matters have been concluded through 2007 and 2004, respectively.
The Company has various state and international income tax examinations ongoing throughout the year.  Management believes adequate provisions have been recorded related to all open tax years.