Goodwill

We perform our annual impairment analysis of goodwill as of June 30 each year or more often if there are indicators of potential impairment present. We test each of our reporting units for goodwill impairment. Our reporting units are the same as our operating divisions and reportable segments. The goodwill impairment test requires a two-step process. The first step consists of comparing the estimated fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, then it is not considered impaired and no further analysis is required. If step one indicates that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then impairment potentially exists and the second step is performed to measure the amount of goodwill impairment. Goodwill impairment exists when the estimated implied fair value of a reporting unit's goodwill is less than its carrying value.

We compared the carrying values of our International and North America reporting units to their estimated fair values at June 30, 2015. We estimated the fair value of each reporting unit based on a weighting of both the income approach and the market approach. The discounted cash flows for each reporting unit serve as the primary basis for the income approach, and were based on discrete financial forecasts developed by management. Cash flows beyond the discrete forecast period of five years were estimated using the perpetuity growth method calculation. The annual average revenue growth rates forecasted for our reporting units for the first five years of our projections were approximately 3%. We have projected a minor amount of operating profit margin improvement based on expected margin benefits from certain internal initiatives. The terminal value was calculated assuming projected growth rates of 3% after five years, which reflects our estimate of minimum long-term growth in IT spending. The income approach valuations also included each reporting unit’s estimated weighted average cost of capital, which were 16.0% and 15.0% for International and North America, respectively. The market approach applied pricing multiples derived from publicly-traded companies that are comparable to the respective reporting units to determine their values. For our International and North America reporting units, we used enterprise value/EBITDA multiples of approximately 8 and 6, respectively, under the market approach using the guideline public company method and approximately 13 and 8, respectively, under the market approach using the guideline transaction method in order to value each of our reporting units. In addition, the fair value under the market approach using the guideline public company method included a control premium of 30%. The control premium was determined based on a review of comparative market transactions. Publicly-available information regarding our market capitalization was also considered in assessing the reasonableness of the cumulative fair values of our reporting units.

As a result of the first step of our goodwill impairment test as of June 30, 2015, we estimated that the fair values for our International and North America reporting units exceeded their carrying amounts by 13% and 89%, respectively, thus no impairment was indicated. We have updated our cash flow forecasts and our other assumptions used to calculate the estimated fair value of our reporting units to account for our beliefs and expectations of the current business environment. While we believe our estimates are appropriate based on our view of current business trends, no assurance can be provided that impairment charges will not be required in the future.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the six months ended June 30, 2015, were as follows:



	International			North America		Total
	(In thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2015	$	133,906		$	133,681	$	267,587
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes	(6,293		)	—		(6,293		)
Balance at June 30, 2015	$	127,613		$	133,681	$	261,294