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Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets  
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets

13    Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets

By type of assets:

 
   December 31, 2012   December 31, 2011
 
   Cost   Accumulated
Depreciation		   Net   Cost   Accumulated
Depreciation		   Net

Land

            676               –            676              695               –            695  

Buildings

         8,075           (2,104)           5,971           7,912           (1,890)           6,022  

Installations

       15,748           (4,096)         11,652         14,886           (3,708)         11,178  

Equipment

       11,640           (4,373)           7,267         12,549           (4,243)           8,306  

Railroads

         6,504           (2,047)           4,457           6,574           (1,930)           4,644  

Mine development costs

       27,778           (6,102)         21,676       26,955           (5,180)         21,775  

Others

       14,530           (4,535)           9,995         14,556           (4,126)         10,430  
                         

 

       84,951         (23,257)         61,694         84,127         (21,077)         63,050  
                         

Intangible assets

         1,126              (104)           1,022           1,202                (67)           1,135  

Construction in progress

       29,050               –       29,050         25,845               –       25,845  
                         

Total

     115,127         (23,361)         91,766       111,174         (21,144)         90,030  
                         

          Losses on disposal of property, plant and equipment totaled US$216, US$223 and US$623 in December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 respectively. This mainly related to write-offs of ships and trucks, locomotives and other equipment, which were replaced in the normal course of business.

          Assets given in guarantee of judicial processes totaled US$ 96 as at December 31, 2012 (US$ 97 as at December 31, 2011).

Hydroelectric assets

          We participate in several jointly-owned hydroelectric plants, already in operation or under construction, in which we record our undivided interest in these assets as Property, plant and equipment.

          At December 31, 2012 the cost of hydroelectric plants in service totals US$ 2,165 (December 31, 2011 US$2,261) and the related depreciation in the year was US$ 480 (December 31, 2011 US$ 428). The cost of hydroelectric plant under construction totaled at December 31, 2012 totals US$ 10 (December 31, 2011 US$ 59). Income and operating expenses for such plants are not material.

Intangibles

          All of the intangible assets recognized in our financial statements were acquired from third parties, either directly or through a business combination and have definite useful lives from 6 to 30 years.

          At December 31, 2012 the intangibles amount to US$ 1,022 (December 31, 2011—US$ 1,135), and are comprised of rights granted by the government—Ferrovia Norte Sul of US$ 788 and off take-agreements of US$ 234.