2.0.0.10falseSummary of significant accounting policies0203 - Disclosure - Summary of significant accounting policiestruefalsefalsefalse1usd$falsefalseUSDStandardhttp://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217USDiso42170USDEPSDividehttp://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217USDiso4217http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instancesharesxbrli020vale_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesAbstractvalefalsenadurationstringNo definition available.falsefalsefalsefalsefalsetruefalsefalsefalsefalsefalsefalse1falsefalsefalsefalse00falsefalsefalseNo definition available.false31us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlockus-gaaptruenadurationstringNo definition available.falsefalsefalsefalsefalsefalsefalsefalsefalsefalsefalseverboselabelfalse1falsefalsefalsefalse00<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" -->
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<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">3 </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Summary of
significant accounting policies</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
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<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
The preparation of financial statements requires management to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts
of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets
and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting
period. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the
selection of useful lives of property, plant and equipment,
impairment, provisions necessary for contingent liabilities,
fair values assigned to assets and liabilities acquired in
business combinations, income tax valuation allowances, employee
post retirement benefits and other similar evaluations. Actual
results could differ from those estimated.
</div>
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<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">a) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Basis of
presentation</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
We have prepared our consolidated financial statements in
accordance with United States generally accepted accounting
principles (“US GAAP”), which differ in certain
respects from the accounting practices adopted in Brazil
(“Brazilian GAAP”) which are the basis for our
statutory financial statements.
</div>
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These financial statements reflect the retrospective adoption of
the Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial
Statements Standard, as of December 31, 2008 and the three
years then ended. The noncontrolling interest standard, which
clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is an
ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be
reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements, as
shown in the consolidated statements of changes in
stockholders’ equity and consolidated statements of
comprehensive income (deficit). Noncontrolling interests that
could be redeemed upon the occurrence of certain events outside
the Company’s control have been classified as redeemable
noncontrolling interest using the mezzanine presentation on the
balance sheet between liabilities and stockholders’ equity,
retroactively to all periods presented.
</div>
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</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
Since December 2007, significant modifications have been made to
Brazilian GAAP as part of a convergence project with
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and as from
2010 full year financial statements the convergence will be
completed and therefore the IFRS will be the accounting practice
adopted in Brazil. The Company does not expect to discontinue
the US GAAP reporting during 2010.
</div>
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</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
The Brazilian Real is the parent Company’s functional
currency. We have selected the US dollar as our reporting
currency.
</div>
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All assets and liabilities have been translated to US dollars at
the closing rate of exchange at each balance sheet date (or, if
unavailable, the first available exchange rate). All statement
of income accounts have been translated to US dollars at the
average exchange rates prevailing during the respective periods.
Capital accounts are recorded at historical exchange rates.
Translation gains and losses are recorded in the Cumulative
Translation Adjustments account (“CTA”) in
stockholders’ equity.
</div>
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</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
The results of operations and financial position of our entities
that have a functional currency other than the US dollar,
have been translated into US dollars and adjustments to
translate those statements into US dollars are recorded in the
CTA in stockholders’ equity.
</div>
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</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
The exchange rates used to translate the assets and liabilities
of the Brazilian operations at December 31, 2009 and 2008,
were R$1.7412 and R$2.3370, respectively.
</div>
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</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
The net transaction gain (loss) included in our statement of
income (“Foreign exchange and indexation gains (losses),
net”) was US$665, US$(1,011) and US$1,639 in the years
ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
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The Company has performed an evaluation of subsequent events
through February 10, 2010 which is the date the financial
statements were issued.
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<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">b) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Cash equivalents
and short-term investments</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
Cash flows from overnight investments and fundings are reported
net. Short-term investments that have a ready market and
original maturities of 90 days or less are classified as
“Cash equivalents”. The remaining investments, with,
between 91- to 360-day maturities are stated at fair value and
presented as “Short-term investments”.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
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</tr>
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<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">c) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Long-term</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
Assets and liabilities that are realizable or due more than
12 months after the balance sheet date are classified as
long-term.
</div>
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<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">d) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Inventories</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
Inventories are recorded at the average cost of purchase or
production, reduced to market value (net realizable value less a
reasonable margin) when lower. Stockpiled inventories are
accounted for as processed when they are removed from the mine.
The cost of finished goods comprises depreciation and all direct
costs necessary to convert stockpiled inventories into finished
goods.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
We classify proven and probable reserve quantities attributable
to stockpiled inventories as inventories. These reserve
quantities are not included in the total proven and probable
reserve quantities used in the units of production,
depreciation, depletion and amortization calculations.
</div>
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</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
We periodically assess our inventories to identify obsolete or
slow-moving inventories, and if needed we recognize definitive
allowances for them.
</div>
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<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">e) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Removal of waste
materials to access mineral deposits</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
Stripping costs (the costs associated with the removal of
overburdened and other waste materials) incurred during the
development of a mine, before production commences, are
capitalized as part of the depreciable cost of developing the
property. Such costs are subsequently amortized over the useful
life of the mine based on proven and probable reserves.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
Post-production stripping costs are included in the cost of the
inventory produced (that is extracted), at each mine
individually during the period that the stripping costs are
incurred.
</div>
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<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">f) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Property, plant
and equipment and intangible assets</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
Property, plant and equipment are recorded as cost, including
interest cost incurred during the construction of major new
facilities. We compute depreciation on the straight-line method
at annual average rates which take into consideration the useful
lives of the assets, as follows: 3.73% for railroads, 1.5% for
buildings, 4.23% for installations and 7.73% for other
equipment. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged
to operating costs and expenses as incurred.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
We capitalize the costs of developing major new ore bodies or
expanding the capacity of operating mines and amortize these to
operations on the unit-of-production method based on the total
probable and proven quantity of ore to be recovered. Exploration
costs are expensed. Once the economic viability of mining
activities is established, subsequent development costs are
capitalized.
</div>
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</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
Separately acquired intangible assets are shown at historical
cost. Intangible assets acquired in a business combination are
recognized at fair value at the acquisition date. All our
intangible assets have definite useful lives and are carried at
cost less accumulated amortization, which is calculated using
the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.
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<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">g) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Business
combinations</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
We adopt business combinations to record acquisitions of
interests in other companies. This “purchase method”,
requires that we reasonably determine the fair value of the
identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities of
acquired companies and segregate goodwill as an intangible asset.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
We assign goodwill to reporting units and test each reporting
unit’s goodwill for impairment at least annually, and
whenever circumstance indicating that recognized goodwill may
not be fully recovered are identified. We perform the annual
goodwill impairment tests during the last quarter of the year.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
Goodwill is reviewed for impairment utilizing a two step
process. In the first step, we compare a reporting unit’s
fair value with its carrying amount to identify any potential
goodwill impairment loss. If the carrying amount of a reporting
unit exceeds the unit’s fair value, based on a discounted
cash flow analysis, we carry out the second step of the
impairment test, measuring and recording the amount, if any, of
the unit’s goodwill impairment loss.
</div>
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<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">h) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Impairment of
long-lived assets</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
All long-lived assets, are tested to determine if they are
recoverable from operating earnings on an undiscounted cash flow
basis over their useful lives whenever events or changes in
circumstance indicate that the carrying value may not be
recoverable.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
When we determine that the carrying value of long-lived assets
and definite-life intangible assets may not be recoverable, we
measure any impairment loss based on a projected discounted cash
flow method using a discount rate determined to be commensurate
with the risk inherent in our current business model.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
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<td width="3%"></td>
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</tr>
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<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">i) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Available-for-sale
equity securities</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
Equity securities classified as “available-for-sale”
are recorded pursuant to accounting for certain investments in
debt and equity securities. Accordingly, we classify unrealized
holding gains and losses, net of taxes, as a separate component
of stockholders’ equity until realized.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
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<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff; text-align: left">
<tr>
<td width="3%"></td>
<td width="97%"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">j) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Compensated
absences</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
The liability for future compensation for employee vacations is
fully accrued as earned.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
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<tr>
<td width="3%"></td>
<td width="97%"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">k) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Derivatives and
hedging activities</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
We apply accounting for derivative financial instruments and
hedging activities, as amended. This standard requires that we
recognize all derivative financial instruments as either assets
or liabilities on our balance sheet and measure such instruments
at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are
recorded in each period in current earnings or in other
comprehensive income, in the latter case depending on whether a
transaction is designated as an effective hedge and has been
effective during the period.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff; text-align: left">
<tr>
<td width="3%"></td>
<td width="97%"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">l) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Asset retirement
obligations</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
Our retirement obligations consist primarily of estimated
closure costs, the initial measurement of which is recognized as
a liability discounted to present value and subsequently
accreted through earnings. An asset retirement cost equal to the
initial liability is capitalized as part of the related
asset’s carrying value and depreciated over the
asset’s useful life.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
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<tr>
<td width="3%"></td>
<td width="97%"></td>
</tr>
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<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">m) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Revenues and
expenses</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
Revenues are recognized when title is transferred to the
customer or services are rendered. Revenue from exported
products is recognized when such products are loaded on board
the ship. Revenue from products sold in the domestic market is
recognized when delivery is made to the customer. Revenue from
logistic services is recognized when the service order has been
fulfilled. Expenses and costs are recognized on the accrual
basis.
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<div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
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<tr>
<td width="3%"></td>
<td width="97%"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">n) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Income
taxes</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
The deferred tax effects of tax loss carryforwards and temporary
differences are recognized pursuant to accounting for income
taxes. A valuation allowance is made when we believe that it is
more likely than not that tax assets will not be fully recovered
in the future.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff; text-align: left">
<tr>
<td width="3%"></td>
<td width="97%"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">o) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Earnings per
share</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
Earnings per share are computed by dividing net income by the
weighted average number of common and preferred shares
outstanding during the period.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff; text-align: left">
<tr>
<td width="3%"></td>
<td width="97%"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">p) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Interest
attributed to stockholders’ equity (dividend)</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
Brazilian corporations are permitted to distribute interest
attributable to stockholders’ equity. The calculation is
based on the stockholders’ equity amounts as stated in the
statutory accounting records and the interest rate applied may
not exceed the long-term interest rate (TJLP) determined by the
Brazilian Central Bank.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
Also, such interest may not exceed 50% of net income for the
year nor 50% of retained earnings plus revenue reserves as
determined by “Brazilian GAAP”.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
As the notional interest charge is tax deductible in Brazil, the
benefit to us, as opposed to making a dividend payment, is a
reduction in our income tax charge. Income tax of 15% is
withheld on behalf of the stockholders relative to the interest
distribution. Under Brazilian law, interest attributed to
stockholders’ equity is considered as part of the annual
minimum mandatory dividend (Note 17). This notional
interest distribution is treated for accounting purposes as a
deduction from stockholders’ equity in a manner similar to
a dividend and the tax credit recorded in income.
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff; text-align: left">
<tr>
<td width="3%"></td>
<td width="97%"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">q) </font></b>
</td>
<td>
<b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Pension and other
post retirement benefits</font></b>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"> 
</div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff">
We sponsor private pensions and other post retirement benefits
for our employees which are actuarially determined and
recognized as an asset or liability or both depending on the
funded or unfunded status of each plan in accordance with
employees’ accounting for defined benefit pension and other
post retirement plans”. The cost of our defined benefit and
prior service costs or credits that arise during the period and
are not components of net periodic benefit costs are recorded in
other cumulative comprehensive income (deficit).
</div>
</div>
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<!-- Begin Block Tagged NotefalsefalsefalseThis element may be used to describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity.Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher AICPA
-Name Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB)
-Number 22
-Paragraph 8
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