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REVENUES FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
REVENUES FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS REVENUES FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
Summary of Accounting Policies on Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of promised products or services to the customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products and services.
Performance Obligations
The Company's performance obligations consist mainly of transferring control of goods and services identified in the contracts, purchase orders, or invoices. The Company has no significant multi-element contracts with customers.
Significant Judgments
Usage-based royalties and licenses are estimated based on the provisions of contracts with customers and recognized in the same period that the royalty-based products are sold by the Company's strategic partners. The Company estimates and recognizes royalty revenue based upon communication with licensees, historical information, and expected sales trends. Differences between actual reported licensee sales and those that were estimated are adjusted in the period in which they become known, which is typically the following quarter. Historically, such adjustments have not been significant.
The Company estimates returns, price concessions, and discount allowances using the expected value method based on historical trends and other known factors. Rebate allowances are estimated using the most likely method based on each customer contract.
The Company's return policy, as set forth in its product catalogs and sales invoices, requires review and authorization in advance prior to the return of product. Upon the authorization, a credit will be issued for the goods returned within a set amount of days from the shipment, which is generally ninety days.
The Company disregards the effects of a financing component if the Company expects, at contract inception, that the period between the transfer and customer payment for the goods or services will be one year or less. The Company has no significant revenues recognized on payments expected to be received more than one year after the transfer of control of products or services to customers.
Contract Asset and Liability
Revenues recognized from the Company's private label business that are not invoiced to the customers as a result of recognizing revenue over time are recorded as a contract asset included in the prepaid expenses and other current assets account in the consolidated balance sheet.
Other operating revenues may include fees received under service agreements. Non-refundable fees received under multiple-period service agreements are recognized as revenue as the Company satisfies the performance obligations to the other party. A portion of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations to be satisfied in the future periods is recognized as contract liability.
The following table summarized the changes in the contract asset and liability balances for the year ended December 31, 2020:
Total
(amounts in thousands)
Contract Asset
Contract asset, January 1, 2020$8,680 
Transferred to trade receivable of contract asset included
in beginning of the year contract asset 		(8,680)
Contract asset, net of transferred to trade receivables on contracts during the period7,430 
Contract asset, December 31, 2020$7,430 
Contract Liability
Contract liability, January 1, 2020$11,946 
Recognition of revenue included in beginning of year contract liability(3,925)
Contract liability, net of revenue recognized on contracts during the period3,856 
Foreign currency translation84 
Contract liability, December 31, 2020$11,961 

At December 31, 2020, the short-term portion of the contract liability of $5.3 million and the long-term portion of $6.7 million were included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company is expected to recognize revenue of approximately $5.3 million in 2021, $2.9 million in 2022, $1.5 million in 2023, $0.8 million in 2024, $0.6 million in 2025, and $0.9 million thereafter.
Shipping and Handling Fees
The Company elected to account for shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment cost rather than a separate performance obligation. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are included as part of the transaction price and recognized as revenue when control of underlying products is transferred to the customer. The related shipping and freight charges incurred by the Company are included in the cost of goods sold.
Product Warranties
Certain of the Company's medical devices, including monitoring systems and neurosurgical systems, are designed to operate over long periods of time. These products are sold with warranties which may extend for up to two years from the date of purchase. The warranties are not considered a separate performance obligation. The Company estimates its product warranties using the expected value method based on historical trends and other known factors. The Company includes them in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.
Taxes Collected from Customers
The Company elected to exclude from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by the entity from a customer.
Disaggregated Revenue
The following table presents revenues disaggregated by the major sources of revenues for years-ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (amounts in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, 2020Year Ended December 31, 2019Year Ended December 31, 2018
(amounts in thousands)
Neurosurgery716,339 767,793 740,268 
Instruments178,492 $228,413 $223,661 
Total Codman Specialty Surgical894,831 996,206 963,929 
Wound Reconstruction293,038 322,739 311,565 
Extremity Orthopedics78,316 90,082 90,588 
Private Label105,683 108,530 106,359 
Total Orthopedics and Tissue Technologies477,037 521,351 508,512 
Total revenue$1,371,868 $1,517,557 $1,472,441 

Prior period amounts were reclassified between categories within the Codman Specialty Surgical segment to conform to the current period presentation.

See Note 17, Segment and Geographical Information, for details of revenues based on the location of the customer.