Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Basis of Accounting and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for audited financial statements. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim period presented. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 may not be indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020.  Amounts as of December 31, 2019 included in the condensed consolidated financial statements have been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, included herein, should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, as well as Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The Company, as the sole general partner, held 99.4% and 99.2% of the Operating Partnership as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.  All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the non-controlling interest in the Operating Partnership consisted of a 0.6% and 0.8% ownership interest in the Operating Partnership held by the Company’s founder/chairman, respectively. The Operating Partnership Units may, under certain circumstances, be exchanged for shares of common stock. The Company as sole general partner of the Operating Partnership has the option to settle exchanged Operating Partnership Units held by others for cash based on the current trading price of our shares. Assuming the exchange of all non-controlling Operating Partnership Units, there would have been 54,198,711 shares of common stock outstanding at June 30, 2020.

Significant Risks and Uncertainties

Significant Risks and Uncertainties

Currently, one of the most significant risks and uncertainties is the potential adverse effect of the current pandemic of the novel coronavirus, or COVID-19.  The COVID-19 pandemic has had repercussions across regional and global economies and financial markets. The outbreak of COVID-19 in many countries, including the United States, has significantly adversely impacted economic activity and has contributed to significant volatility and negative pressure in financial markets.  The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a number of our tenants temporarily closing their stores and requesting rent deferral or rent abatement during this pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic could have material and adverse effects on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in the near term due to, but not limited to, the following:

● reduced economic activity severely impacts our tenants' businesses, financial condition and liquidity and may cause tenants to be unable to fully meet their obligations to us.  Certain tenants have already sought to modify such obligations and may seek additional relief and additional tenants may seek modifications of such obligations, resulting in increases in uncollectible receivables and reductions in rental income;

● the negative financial impact of the pandemic could impact our future compliance with financial covenants of our credit facility and other debt agreements; and

● weaker economic conditions could cause us to recognize impairment in value of our tangible or intangible assets.

As a result of COVID-19, we have received numerous rent relief requests, most often in the form of rent deferrals. We have evaluated, and continue to evaluate, each tenant rent relief request on an individual basis, considering a number of factors. Not all tenant requests have resulted in modification agreements, nor is the Company forgoing its contractual rights under its lease agreements.  To date, we have entered into lease modifications that deferred 3% of rent originally contracted for the three months ended June 30, 2020, and have collected approximately 90% of rent payments originally contracted for this period.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact our operations and those of our tenants will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the pandemic or mitigate its impact, and the direct and indirect economic effects of the pandemic and containment measures, among others.

The Company continues to closely monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of its business and geographies. However, as a result of the many uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, we are unable to predict the impact that it ultimately will have on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Real Estate, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Real Estate Investments

The Company records the acquisition of real estate at cost, including acquisition and closing costs. For properties developed by the Company, all direct and indirect costs related to planning, development and construction, including interest, real estate taxes and other miscellaneous costs incurred during the construction period, are capitalized for financial reporting purposes and recorded as property under development until construction has been completed.  

Assets are classified as held for sale based on specific criteria as outlined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360, Property, Plant & Equipment. Properties classified as “held for sale” are recorded at the lower of their carrying value or their fair value, less anticipated selling costs. Any properties classified as held for sale are not depreciated. Assets are generally classified as held for sale once management has actively engaged in marketing the asset and has received a firm purchase commitment that is expected to close within

one year. The Company did not classify any operating properties as held for sale at June 30, 2020, the assets for which would have been separately presented in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.  

Real estate held for sale consisted of the following as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Land	$	-	$	2,269
Building		-		2,315
Lease Intangibles - Asset		-		—
		-		4,584
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		-		(834)
Total Real Estate Held for Sale, net	$	-	$	3,750

Purchase Accounting For Acquisitions Of Real Estate [Policy Text Block]

Acquisitions of Real Estate

The acquisition of property for investment purposes is typically accounted for as an asset acquisition. The Company allocates the purchase price to land, buildings and identified intangible assets and liabilities, based in each case on their relative estimated fair values and without giving rise to goodwill. Intangible assets and liabilities represent the value of in-place leases and above- or below-market leases. In making estimates of fair values, the Company may use a number of sources, including data provided by independent third parties, as well as information obtained by the Company as a result of its due diligence, including expected future cash flows of the property and various characteristics of the markets where the property is located.

In allocating the fair value of the identified intangible assets and liabilities of an acquired property, in-place lease intangibles are valued based on the Company’s estimates of costs related to tenant acquisition and the carrying costs that would be incurred during the time it would take to locate a tenant if the property were vacant, considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases at the time of the acquisition.  Above- and below-market lease intangibles are recorded based on the present value of the difference between the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the leases at the time of acquisition and the Company’s estimate of current market lease rates for the property.  In the case of sale-leaseback transactions, it is typically assumed that the lease is not in-place prior to the close of the transaction.

Depreciation, Depletion, and Amortization [Policy Text Block]

Depreciation and Amortization

Land, buildings and improvements are recorded and stated at cost.  The Company’s properties are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated remaining useful life of the assets, which are generally 40 years for buildings and 10 to 20 years for improvements. Properties classified as held for sale and properties under development or redevelopment are not depreciated.  Major replacements and betterments, which improve or extend the life of the asset, are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives.

In-place lease intangible assets and the capitalized above- and below-market lease intangibles are amortized over the non-cancelable term of the lease unless the Company believes it is reasonably certain that the tenant will renew the lease for an option term whereby the Company amortizes the value attributable to the renewal over the renewal period.  In-place lease intangible assets are amortized to amortization expense and above- and below-market lease intangibles are amortized as a net reduction of rental income.  In the event of early lease termination, the remaining net book value of any above- or below-market lease intangible is recognized as an adjustment of rental income.

The following schedule summarizes the Company’s amortization of lease intangibles for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019		June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019
Lease Intangibles (In-place)	$	4,055	$	2,392	$	7,563	$	4,443
Lease Intangibles (Above-Market)		5,218		4,360		10,269		8,734
Lease Intangibles (Below-Market)		(1,439)		(1,135)		(2,681)		(2,233)
Total	$	7,834	$	5,617	$	15,151	$	10,944

The following schedule represents estimated future amortization of lease intangibles as of June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

	2020
Year Ending December 31,	(remaining)		2021		2022		2023		2024		Thereafter		Total
Lease Intangibles (In-place)	$	16,380	$	14,426	$	14,138	$	13,098	$	11,925	$	61,972	$	131,939
Lease Intangibles (Above-Market)		20,828		20,585		19,609		18,442		16,916		140,493		236,873
Lease Intangibles (Below-Market)		(5,928)		(5,032)		(4,428)		(3,503)		(2,905)		(11,223)		(33,019)
Total	$	31,280	$	29,979	$	29,319	$	28,037	$	25,936	$	191,242	$	335,793

Impairment of Real Estate Investments, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Impairments

The Company reviews real estate investments and related lease intangibles, for possible impairment when certain events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable though operations plus estimated disposition proceeds. Events or changes in circumstances that may occur include, but are not limited to, significant changes in real estate market conditions, estimated residual values and an expectation to sell assets before the end of the previously estimated life. Impairments are measured to the extent the current book value exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset less disposition costs for any assets classified as held for sale.

The valuation of impaired assets is determined using valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis, analysis of recent comparable sales transactions and purchase offers received from third parties, which are Level 3 inputs. The Company may consider a single valuation technique or multiple valuation techniques, as appropriate, when estimating the fair value of its real estate.  Estimating future cash flows is highly subjective and estimates can differ materially from actual results.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Cash Held in Escrows

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and money market accounts. Cash held in escrows relates to delayed like-kind exchange transactions pursued under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. The account balances of cash and cash held in escrow periodically exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance coverage, and as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance coverage. The Company had $35.4 million and $40.9 million in cash and cash held in escrow as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, in excess of the FDIC insured limit.

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Policy Text Block]

Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable

The Company leases real estate to its tenants under long-term net leases which we account for as operating leases. Under this method, leases that have fixed and determinable rent increases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Rental increases based upon changes in the consumer price indexes, or other variable factors, are recognized only after changes in such factors have occurred and are then applied according to the lease agreements. Certain leases also provide for additional rent based on tenants’ sales volumes. These rents are recognized when determinable after the tenant exceeds a sales breakpoint.

Recognizing rent escalations on a straight-line method results in rental revenue in the early years of a lease being higher than actual cash received, creating a straight-line rent receivable asset which is included in the Accounts Receivable - Tenants line item in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The balance of straight-line rent receivables at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $25.4 million and $23.0 million, respectively. To the extent any of the tenants under these leases become unable to pay their contractual cash rents, the Company may be required to write down the straight-line rent receivable from those tenants, which would reduce rental income.

The Company reviews the collectability of charges under its tenant operating leases on a regular basis, taking into consideration changes in factors such as the tenant’s payment history, the financial condition of the tenant, business conditions in the industry in which the tenant operates and economic conditions in the area where the property is located. During 2020, the Company’s assessment has specifically included the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which represents a material risk to collectability (see Significant Risks and Uncertainties above.)  In the event that collectability with respect to any tenant changes the Company recognizes an adjustment to rental income. The Company’s review of collectability of charges under its operating leases includes any accrued rental revenues related to the straight-line method of reporting rental revenue. During the quarter ended June 30, 2020, the Company identified three tenants where collection was no longer considered probable. The determination to record revenue on a cash basis and write off any outstanding receivable from these three tenants had an immaterial impact to net income for the three and six month period ended June 30, 2020.

The Company’s leases provide for reimbursement from tenants for common area maintenance, insurance, real estate taxes and other operating expenses. A portion of the Company’s operating cost reimbursements is estimated each period and is recognized as revenue in the period the recoverable costs are incurred and accrued. Receivables from operating cost reimbursements are included in the Accounts Receivable - Tenants line item in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The balance of unbilled operating cost reimbursement receivable at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $1.3 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

The Company adopted FASB ASC Topic-842, Leases (“ASC 842”) using the modified retrospective approach as of January 1, 2019 and elected to apply the transition provisions of the standard at the beginning of the period of adoption.  The Company adopted the practical expedient in ASC 842 that alleviates the requirement to separately present lease and non-lease rental income. As a result, all income earned pursuant to tenant leases is reflected as one line, “Rental Income,” in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Lessor, Operating Lease, Lease Concessions Policy [Policy Text Block]

Rent Concessions – COVID-19

During the second quarter of 2020, the Company has provided lease concessions to certain tenants in response to the impact of COVID-19, in the form of rent deferrals.  The Company has made an election to account for such lease concessions consistent with how those concessions would be accounted for under ASC 842 if enforceable rights and obligations for those concessions had already existed in the leases.  This election is available for concessions related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that do not result in a substantial increase in our rights as lessor, including concessions that result in the total payments required by the modified lease being substantially the same as or less than total payments required by the original lease.

Substantially all of the Company’s concessions to date provide for a deferral of payments with no substantive changes to the consideration in the original lease. These deferrals affect the timing, but not the amount, of the lease payments.  The Company is accounting for these deferrals as if no changes to the lease were made. Under this accounting, the Company increases its lease receivable as tenant payments accrue and continues to recognize rental income.  To date, the Company has entered in to lease modifications that deferred 3% of rent originally contracted for the three months ended June 30, 2020.

Sales Tax [Policy Text Block]

Sales Tax

The Company collects various taxes from tenants and remits these amounts, on a net basis, to the applicable taxing authorities.

Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Earnings per Share

Earnings per common share has been computed pursuant to the guidance in FASB ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share.  The guidance requires the classification of the Company’s unvested restricted stock, which contain rights to receive non forfeitable dividends, as participating securities requiring the two-class method of computing net income per common share.  In accordance with the two-class method, earnings per share has been computed by dividing the net income less net income attributable to unvested restricted shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding less unvested restricted shares. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average common shares and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding in accordance with the treasury stock method.

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for the basic net earnings per common share and diluted net earnings per common share computation for each of the periods presented: (in thousands, except for share data)

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019		June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019
Net income attributable to Agree Realty Corporation	$	25,258	$	18,564	$	46,486	$	36,911
Less: Income attributable to unvested restricted shares		(83)		(89)		(164)		(185)
Net income used in basic and diluted earnings per share	$	25,175	$	18,475	$	46,322	$	36,726
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding		52,902,628		40,813,436		49,259,014		39,259,807
Less: Unvested restricted stock		(176,398)		(201,064)		(176,398)		(201,064)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding used in basic earnings per share		52,726,230		40,612,372		49,082,616		39,058,743
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding used in basic earnings per share		52,726,230		40,612,372		49,082,616		39,058,743
Effect of dilutive securities: share-based compensation		68,294		82,836		74,926		80,030
Effect of dilutive securities: September 2018 forward equity offering		—		312,464		—		539,570
Effect of dilutive securities: April 2019 forward equity offering		—		133,987		—		66,994
Effect of dilutive securities: 2019 ATM forward equity offerings		—		—		28,579		—
Effect of dilutive securities: 2020 ATM forward equity offerings		25,652		—		14,144		—
Effect of dilutive securities: April 2020 forward equity offering		446,563		—		223,281		—
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding used in diluted earnings per share		53,266,740		41,141,659		49,423,546		39,745,337

For the three months ended June 30, 2020, 11,296 shares of common stock included in the 2019 at-the-market (“ATM”) forward offerings, 70,769 shares of common stock included in the 2020 ATM forward offerings, 7,606 shares of restricted common stock granted in 2020, and 7,416 performance units granted in 2020 were anti-dilutive and were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, 34,230 shares of common stock included in the 2019 ATM forward offerings, 50,093 shares of common stock included in the 2020 ATM forward offerings, 4,682 shares of restricted common stock granted in 2020 and 5,635 performance units granted in 2020 were anti-dilutive and were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

Forward Equity Sales, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Forward Equity Sales

The Company occasionally sells shares of common stock through forward sale agreements to enable the Company to set the price of such shares upon pricing the offering (subject to certain adjustments) while delaying the issuance of such shares and the receipt of the net proceeds by the Company.

To account for the forward sale agreements, the Company considers the accounting guidance governing financial instruments and derivatives.  To date, we have concluded that our forward sale agreements are not liabilities as they do not embody obligations to repurchase our shares nor do they embody obligations to issue a variable number of shares for which the monetary value are predominantly fixed, varying with something other than the fair value of the shares, or varying inversely in relation to our shares. We then evaluate whether the agreements meet the derivatives and hedging guidance scope exception to be accounted for as equity instruments.  We have concluded that the agreements are classifiable as equity contracts based on the following assessments: (i) none of the agreements’ exercise contingencies are based on observable markets or indices besides those related to the market for our own stock price and operations; and (ii) none of the settlement provisions precluded the agreements from being indexed to our own stock.

The Company also considers the potential dilution resulting from the forward sale agreements on the earnings per share calculations. The Company uses the treasury stock method to determine the dilution resulting from the forward sale agreements during the period of time prior to settlement.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes

The Company made an election to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”) and related regulations. The Company generally will not be subject to federal income taxes on amounts distributed to stockholders, providing it distributes 100% of its REIT taxable income and meets certain other requirements for qualifying as a REIT. For the periods ending June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company believes it has qualified as a REIT. Notwithstanding its qualification for taxation as a REIT, the Company is subject to certain state taxes on its income and real estate.

Earnings and profits that determine the taxability of distributions to shareholders differ from net income reported for financial reporting purposes due to differences in the estimated useful lives and methods used to compute depreciation and the carrying value (basis) of the investments in properties for tax purposes, among other things.

The Company and its taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”) have made a timely TRS election pursuant to the provisions of the REIT Modernization Act. A TRS is able to engage in activities resulting in income that previously would have been disqualified from being eligible REIT income under the federal income tax regulations. As a result, certain activities of the Company which occur within its TRS entity are subject to federal and state income taxes. All provisions for federal income taxes in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are attributable to the Company’s TRS.

We regularly analyze our various federal and state filing positions and only recognize the income tax effect in our financial statements when certain criteria regarding uncertain income tax positions have been met. We believe that our income tax positions would more likely than not be sustained upon examination by all relevant taxing authorities. Therefore, no provisions for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded in our financial statements.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

The Company’s estimates of fair value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities are based on the framework established in the fair value accounting guidance. The framework specifies a hierarchy of valuation inputs, which was established to increase consistency, clarity and comparability in fair value measurements and related disclosures. The guidance describes a fair value hierarchy based upon three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, two of which are considered observable and one that is considered unobservable. The following describes the three levels:

Level 1 –    Valuation is based upon quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 –   Valuation is based upon inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 –   Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

Going Concern, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Management’s Responsibility to Evaluate Our Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

When preparing financial statements for each annual and interim reporting period, management has the responsibility to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.  In making its evaluation, the Company considers, but is not limited to, any risks and/or uncertainties to its results of operations, contractual obligations in the form of near-term debt maturities, dividend requirements, or other factors impacting the Company’s liquidity and capital resources. No conditions or events that raised substantial doubt about the ability to continue as a going concern within one year were identified as of the issuance date of the financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Segment Reporting

The Company is primarily in the business of acquiring, developing and managing retail real estate which is considered to be one reportable segment. The Company has no other reportable segments.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of (1) assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and (2) revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In April 2020, the FASB staff issued a question-and-answer document (the “Q&A document”) to address questions on the application of lease accounting guidance for lease concessions related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.  Prior to the issuance of this document, changes to lease payments not stipulated in an original lease were generally accounted for as lease modifications under ASC 842.  The Q&A document now provides for a policy election to be made to account for COVID-19 pandemic-related concessions (1) as lease modifications or (2) as they would otherwise be accounted for under ASC 842 if enforceable rights and obligations for those concessions had already existed in the lease.  This election is available for concessions related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that do not result in a substantial increase in the rights of the lessor, including concessions that result in the total payments required by the modified lease being substantially the same as or less than the total payments required by the original lease.  Refer to Rent Concessions – COVID 19 above regarding the Company’s election and other accounting related to the topic.

In March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848).” ASU 2020-04 contains practical expedients for reference rate reform related activities that impact debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts. The guidance in ASU 2020-04 is optional and may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur.  The Company has elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation.  The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable as additional changes in the market occur.  

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” (“ASU 2018-13”). These amendments modify the disclosure requirements in ASC Topic 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure (“ASC 820”) on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty. The Company adopted ASU 2018-13 on January 1, 2020.  However, as the Company did not have any Level 3 fair value measurements and/or other circumstances addressed in ASU 2018-13, adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements or disclosures.  

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”), which changes how entities measure credit losses for most financial assets. This guidance requires an entity to estimate its lifetime “expected credit loss” and record an allowance that, when deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset, presents the net amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses”, which clarified that receivables arising from operating leases are within the scope of the leasing standard Accounting Standard Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), not Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326). The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2020.  In the event any of the Company’s leases ever were to be classified as sales-type or direct finance leases, it would become subject to the provisions of ASU 2016-13. However, the Company does not currently have any such leases, nor does it have a significant number of other financial instruments subject to the new standard. Therefore, adoption of ASU 2016-13 has not had, and is not currently expected to have, a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 “Leases” (“ASU 2016-02”). The new standard creates ASC 842 and supersedes FASB ASC Topic 840, Leases, which the Company adopted on January 1, 2019 along with related interpretations.  The adoption of ASU 2016-02 generally had, and will have, the following impacts on the Company:

• ASC 842 requires a lessee to recognize right of use assets and lease obligation liabilities that arise from leases (operating and finance).  On January 1, 2019, the Company recognized $7.5 million of right of use assets and lease liabilities, within Other Assets and Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses, and Other Liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.  The Company was not required to reassess the classification of existing land leases and therefore these leases continue to be accounted for as operating leases.  In the event the Company modifies existing land leases or enters into new land leases after adoption of the new standard, such leases may be classified as finance leases.  Business activity occurring subsequent to January 1, 2019, including the Company entering into additional operating leases as lessee, has increased the balances of the right to use assets and lease liabilities to $15.7 million and $16.0 million as of June 30, 2020.

• ASC 842 requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases and operating leases. Based on its election of practical expedients, the Company’s existing retail leases, where it is the lessor, continue to be accounted for as operating leases under the new standard.  However, ASC 842 changed certain requirements regarding the classification of leases that could result in the Company recognizing certain long-term leases entered into or modified after January 1, 2019 as sales-type leases, as opposed to operating leases.

• The Company elected an optional transition method that allows entities to initially apply ASC 842 at the adoption date (January 1, 2019) and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption.  However, the Company ultimately did not have any cumulative-effect adjustment as of the adoption date.

• The Company elected a practical expedient which allows lessors to not separate non-lease components from the lease component when the timing and pattern of transfer for the lease components and non-lease components are the same and if the lease component is classified as an operating lease.  As a result, the Company now presents all rentals and reimbursements from tenants as a single line item Rental Income within the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income.

• Under ASC 842, beginning on January 1, 2019, changes in the probability of collecting tenant rental income results in direct adjustments of rental income and tenant receivables. The Company no longer recognizes any separate specific bad debt provision or allowance for doubtful accounts.