485APOS 1 d154153d485apos.htm NORTHERN FUNDS Northern Funds
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 10, 2016

Securities Act of 1933 Registration No. 33-73404

Investment Company Act of 1940 Registration No. 811-08236

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM N-1A

 

  REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933    x
  Pre-Effective Amendment No.         ¨
  Post-Effective Amendment No. 112    x
  and/or   
  REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940    x
  Amendment No. 114    x

(Check appropriate box or boxes)

 

 

NORTHERN FUNDS

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

50 South LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60603

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

800-595-9111

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)

 

 

 

Name and Address of Agent for Service:

Diana E. McCarthy, Esq.

Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP

One Logan Square

Suite 2000

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103

 

with a copy to:

 

Craig R. Carberry, Esq., Secretary

The Northern Trust Company

50 South LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60603

It Is Proposed That This Filing Become Effective (Check Appropriate Box):

 

¨ immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)

 

¨ on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b)

 

¨ 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

 

¨ On (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

 

x 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

 

¨ On                      pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

¨ This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

Preliminary Prospectus dated March 10, 2016

Subject to Completion

The information in the prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

ACTIVE M U.S. EQUITY FUND ([                    ])

Prospectus dated [            ], 2016

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), any other government agency, or The Northern Trust Company, its affiliates, subsidiaries or any other bank. An investment in the Fund involves investment risks, including possible loss of principal.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.


Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

3

 

FUND SUMMARY

  
 

3

  

ACTIVE M US EQUITY FUND

  

7

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

  

8

 

MANAGEMENT FEES

  

8

 

FUND MANAGEMENT

  

9

 

OTHER FUND SERVICES

  

10

 

PURCHASING AND SELLING SHARES

  
 

10

  

PURCHASING SHARES

  
 

10

  

OPENING AN ACCOUNT

  
 

12

  

SELLING SHARES

  

14

 

ACCOUNT POLICIES AND OTHER INFORMATION

  

19

 

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

  

20

 

TAX CONSIDERATIONS

  

22

 

SECURITIES, TECHNIQUES AND RISKS

  
 

22

  

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS

  
  27   

ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES AND COMMON INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES

  

31

 

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

  

32

 

FOR MORE INFORMATION

  


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FUND SUMMARY

 

ACTIVE M US EQUITY FUND

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation through a diversified portfolio of primarily U.S. equity securities. Any income received is incidental to this objective.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

              None   

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

     

Management Fees

              0.64%   

Other Expenses(1)

     0.20%      

Transfer Agency Fees

     0.02%     

Other Operating Expenses

     0.18%           

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

              0.84%   

Expense Reimbursement(2)

              (0.17)%   

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement

              0.67%   

 

(1) 

“Other Expenses” are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.

 

(2) 

Northern Trust Investments, Inc. has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of the operating expenses of the Fund (other than certain excepted expenses, i.e., acquired fund fees and expenses; the compensation paid to each Independent Trustee of the Trust; expenses of third party consultants engaged by the Board of Trustees; membership dues paid to the Investment Company Institute and Mutual Fund Directors Forum; expenses in connection with the negotiation and renewal of the revolving credit facility; extraordinary expenses and interest) to the extent the “Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses” exceed 0.66%. This contractual limitation may not be terminated before July 31, 2017 without the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Northern Trust Investments, Inc. serves as the investment adviser and administrator to the Fund. The Northern Trust Company, an affiliate of Northern Trust Investments, Inc., serves as transfer agent, custodian and sub-administrator to the Fund.

 

EXAMPLE

The following Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

1 Year    3 Years

$68

   $251

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER. The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. The Fund had not commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus.

 

 

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PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

In seeking long-term capital appreciation, the Fund will invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities of U.S. based companies. Companies are considered to be U.S. based if they are domiciled in the United States. In addition, the Fund may invest from time to time in other U.S. and foreign equity securities, including preferred stocks.

The Fund may invest in issuers with market capitalizations in all ranges, including small-, medium- and large- capitalization companies.

The Fund utilizes a “multi-manager” approach whereby the Fund’s assets are allocated to one or more sub-advisers, in percentages determined at the discretion of the Fund’s investment adviser. Each sub-adviser acts independently from the others and utilizes its own distinct investment style in selecting securities. However, each sub-adviser must operate within the constraints of the Fund’s investment objective, strategies and restrictions.

When determining the allocations and reallocations to sub-advisers, the Fund’s investment adviser will consider a variety of factors, including but not limited to the sub-adviser’s investment approach, historical performance, and the characteristics of each sub-adviser’s allocated assets (including capitalization, growth and profitability measures, valuation metrics, economic sector exposures, and earnings and volatility statistics). The Fund’s investment adviser seeks, through its selection of sub-advisers and its allocation determinations, to reduce portfolio volatility and provide an attractive combination of risk and return for the Fund.

The Fund intends to be fully invested at all times. However, for temporary defensive purposes and pending investment money received for share purchases or to facilitate Fund redemptions, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash, high quality short-term investments and repurchase agreements. To the extent that the Fund is invested in these instruments, the Fund will not be pursuing its investment objective.

Although the Fund invests primarily in U.S. issuers, it may make limited investments in securities of foreign issuers.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS

IPO RISK is the risk that the market value of shares of IPOs will fluctuate considerably or decline shortly after the IPO, due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading, the small number of shares available for trading and limited information about the issuer.

LARGE COMPANY RISK is the risk that large-capitalization stocks as a group could fall out of favor with the market, causing the fund to underperform investments that focus solely on small- or medium-capitalization stocks.

MANAGEMENT RISK is the risk that a strategy used by the Fund’s investment adviser or sub-advisers may fail to produce the intended results or that imperfections, errors or limitations in the tools and data used by the investment adviser or sub-advisers may cause unintended results.

MARKET RISK is the risk that the value of equity securities owned by the Fund may decline, at times sharply and unpredictably, because of economic changes or other events that affect individual issuers or large portions of the market. It includes the risk that a particular style of investing, such as growth or value, may underperform the market generally.

MID CAP STOCK RISK is the risk that stocks of mid-sized companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Mid-sized companies may have limited product lines or financial resources, and may be dependent upon a particular niche of the market.

MULTI-MANAGER RISK is the risk that the sub-advisers’ investment styles will not always be complementary, which could affect the performance of the Fund.

NEW FUND RISK is the risk that the Fund, because it is new with no operating history, will not grow or maintain an economically viable size, in which case the Board of Trustees of the Fund may determine to liquidate the Fund.

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RISK is the risk that high portfolio turnover is likely to lead to increased Fund expenses that may result in lower investment returns. High portfolio turnover also is likely to result in higher short-term capital gains taxable to shareholders.

REGULATORY RISK is the risk that changes in government regulation of the financial markets may adversely affect the value of a security.

SMALL CAP STOCK RISK is the risk that stocks of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Small companies may have limited product lines or financial resources, or may be dependent upon a small or inexperienced management group, and their securities may trade less frequently and in lower volume than the securities of larger companies, which could lead to higher transaction costs. Generally the smaller the company size, the greater the risk.

 

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TECHNOLOGY SECURITIES RISK is the risk that securities of technology companies may be subject to greater price volatility than securities of companies in other sectors. These securities may fall in and out of favor with investors rapidly, which may cause sudden selling and dramatically lower market prices. Technology securities also may be affected adversely by changes in technology, consumer and business purchasing patterns, government regulation and/or obsolete products or services. In addition, a rising interest rate environment tends to negatively affect technology companies.

As with any mutual fund, it is possible to lose money on an investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, any other government agency, or The Northern Trust Company, its affiliates, subsidiaries or any other bank.

 

FUND PERFORMANCE

The Fund is new and does not yet have a full calendar year of performance. After the Fund has been in operation for a full calendar year, total return information will be presented. Updated performance information, which is accessible on the Fund’s web site at www.northernfunds.com or by calling 800-595-9111, will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER, PORTFOLIO MANAGERS AND SUB-ADVISERS

INVESTMENT ADVISER AND SUB-ADVISERS. Northern Trust Investments, Inc., a subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation, serves as the investment adviser of the Active M U.S. Equity Fund. Christopher E. Vella, CFA, and Jessica K. Hart, each a senior Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc., have been managers of the Fund since inception. Delaware Investments Fund Advisors, Granite Investment Partners, LLC, The London Company of Virginia, LLC and Polen Capital Management, LLC each serves as a sub-adviser of the Fund. The Northern Trust Company, an affiliate of Northern Trust Investments, Inc., serves as transfer agent, custodian and sub-administrator to the Fund.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

You may purchase Fund shares through your account at Northern Trust (or an affiliate) or an authorized intermediary or you may open an account directly with Northern Funds (the “Trust”) with a minimum initial investment of $2,500 in the Fund ($500 for an IRA; $250 under the Automatic Investment Plan; and $500 for employees of Northern Trust and its affiliates). The minimum subsequent investment is $50 (except for reinvestments of distributions for which there is no minimum). The Fund reserves the right to waive these minimums.

On any business day, you may sell (redeem) or exchange shares through your account by contacting your Northern Trust account representative or authorized intermediary. If you purchase shares directly from the Trust, you may sell (redeem) or exchange your shares in one of the following ways:

 

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By Mail – Send a written request to: Northern Funds, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986.

 

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By Telephone – Authorize the telephone privilege on your New Account Application. Call 800-595-9111 to use the telephone privilege.

 

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By Wire – Authorize wire redemptions on your New Account Application and have proceeds sent by federal wire transfer to a previously designated account (the minimum redemption amount by this method is $250). You will be charged $15 for each wire redemption unless the designated account is maintained at Northern Trust or an affiliated bank. Call 800-595-9111 for instructions.

 

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By Systematic Withdrawal – If you own shares of the Fund with a minimum value of $10,000, you may elect to have a fixed sum redeemed at regular intervals and distributed in cash or reinvested in one or more other funds of the Trust. Call 800-595-9111 for an application form and additional information. The minimum amount is $250 per withdrawal.

 

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By Exchange – Complete the Exchange Privilege section of your New Account Application to exchange shares of one fund in the Trust for shares of another fund in the Trust. Shares being exchanged must have a value of at least $1,000 ($2,500 if a new account is being established by the exchange, $500 if the new account is an IRA). Call 800-595-9111 for more information.

 

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By Internet – You may initiate transactions between Northern Trust banking and Fund accounts by using Northern Trust Private Passport. For details and to sign up for this service, go to www.northernfunds.com or contact your Relationship Manager.

 

TAX INFORMATION

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or a combination of the two, unless you are investing through a tax-exempt or tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Distributions may be taxable upon withdrawal from tax-deferred accounts.

 

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PAYMENTS TO BROKERS-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s web site for more information.

 

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INVESTMENT ADVISER

This Prospectus describes a multi-manager equity fund currently offered by Northern Funds (the “Trust”). The Trust also offers other multi-manager funds, which are described in a separate prospectus.

Northern Trust Investments, Inc. (“NTI” or the “Investment Adviser”), a subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation, serves as the Investment Adviser of the Fund and is responsible for its overall administration. NTI is located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603.

NTI is an Illinois State Banking Corporation and an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. It primarily manages assets for institutional and individual separately managed accounts, investment companies and bank common and collective funds.

Northern Trust Corporation is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a financial holding company under the U.S. Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. Unless otherwise indicated, NTI and The Northern Trust Company (“TNTC”) are referred to collectively in this Prospectus as “Northern Trust.”

As of December 31, 2015, Northern Trust Corporation, through its affiliates, had assets under custody of $6.07 trillion, and assets under investment management of $875 billion.

The Fund is managed by the Investment Adviser and one or more asset managers unaffiliated with the Investment Adviser (each a “Sub-Adviser” and together, the “Sub-Advisers”). The Investment Adviser also has the ultimate responsibility to oversee the Sub-Advisers, and to recommend their hiring, termination, and replacement, subject to approval by the Board of Trustees. The Investment Adviser is responsible for managing the Fund during transition periods in which an existing Sub-Adviser is terminated and a new Sub-Adviser is hired. Under the Management Agreement with the Trust, the Investment Adviser, subject to the general supervision of the Northern Multi-Manager Funds’ Board of Trustees, is responsible for: (1) selecting the overall investment strategies of the Fund; (2) recommending and selecting Sub-Advisers; (3) allocating and reallocating assets among the Sub-Advisers where the Fund has more than one Sub-Adviser; (4) monitoring and evaluating Sub-Adviser performance; (5) implementing procedures to ensure that the Sub-Advisers comply with the Fund’s investment objective, policies and restrictions; and (6) providing administration services to the Fund.

 

INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISERS

The Fund has received an exemptive order from the SEC that permits the Investment Adviser to engage or terminate a Sub-Adviser, and to enter into and materially amend an existing Sub-Advisory Agreement, upon the approval of the Board of Trustees, without obtaining shareholder approval. The Sub-Advisers will provide investment advisory services to the Fund except for cash management services for the Fund, which will be provided by the Investment Adviser. The Investment Adviser will select Sub-Advisers based upon the Sub-Adviser’s skills in managing assets pursuant to particular investment styles and strategies. The Investment Adviser will monitor existing Sub-Advisers based on their investment styles, strategies, and results in managing assets for specific asset classes. Each Sub-Adviser will have discretion to select portfolio securities for its portion of the Fund, but must select those securities according to the Fund’s investment objective and restrictions.

The current Sub-Advisers for the Fund are set forth on page 8 under the section entitled “Fund Management.”

 

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MANAGEMENT FEES

As compensation for advisory and administration services and the assumption of related expenses, NTI is entitled to a management fee, computed daily and payable monthly, at the following annual rates (expressed as a percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets): 0.64% of the first $1 billion, 0.621% of the next $1 billion and 0.602% over $2 billion.

NTI has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of the Fund’s operating expenses (other than certain fees and expenses shown in the table under the caption “Fees and Expenses of the Fund” in the Fund’s Fund Summary) so that its “Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement” do not exceed the amounts shown in the table under the caption “Fees and Expenses of the Fund” in the Fund’s Fund Summary. The contractual expense reimbursement arrangement is expected to continue until at least July 31, 2017. The contractual expense reimbursement arrangement will continue automatically for periods of one year (each such one-year period, a “Renewal Year”). The arrangement may be terminated, as to any succeeding Renewal Year, by NTI or a Fund upon 60 days’ written notice prior to the end of the current Renewal Year. The Board of Trustees may terminate the arrangement at any time with respect to the Fund if it determines that it is in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders.

NTI may reimburse additional expenses or waive all or a portion of the management fees of the Fund. Any such additional expense reimbursement or waiver would be voluntary and could be implemented, increased or decreased, or discontinued at any time.

A discussion regarding the Board of Trustees’ basis for its the approval of the Fund’s Management Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreements will be available in the Fund’s first annual or semi-annual report to shareholders following commencement of operations. The Sub-Advisers’ fees are paid by the Investment Adviser out of its management fee.

 

FUND MANAGEMENT

Christopher E. Vella, CFA, Senior Vice President of NTI, and Jessica K. Hart, Senior Vice President of NTI, will be managers for the Fund. Mr. Vella has been with Northern Trust since 2004 and has been the Chief Investment Officer of Multi-Manager Solutions Group since 2011. Prior to taking on Chief Investment Officer responsibilities, Mr. Vella was the Global Director of Northern’s Manager Research Team. Ms. Hart has been with Northern Trust since 2000 and has worked in the Multi-Manager Solutions Group since 2003.

THE SUB-ADVISERS TO THE FUND

Each Sub-Adviser has full investment discretion and makes all determinations with respect to the investment of assets of the Fund allocated to it, subject to general supervision of the Investment Adviser and the Board of Trustees.

DELAWARE INVESTMENTS FUND ADVISERS (“DELAWARE INVESTMENTS”). Delaware Investments Fund Advisers has managed a portion of the Fund since inception. Delaware Investments is a series of Delaware Management Business Trust, which is a subsidiary of Delaware Management Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation located at 2005 Market Street, One Commerce Square, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-7094. Delaware Management Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“DMHI”) are wholly owned subsidiaries of Macquarie Group Limited. DMHI traces its origin to an investment counseling service that was founded in 1929. As of December 31, 2015, DMHI has approximately $165.9 billion in assets under management. Delaware Investments typically seeks to select securities that it believes are undervalued in relation to their intrinsic value, as indicated by multiple factors, including earnings, cash flow potential and asset value of the respective issuers.

GRANITE INVESTMENT PARTNERS, LLC (“GRANITE”). Granite Investment Partners, LLC has managed a portion of the Fund since inception. Granite was formed in 2009. Granite is a Delaware limited liability company located at 2121 Rosencrans Avenue, Suite 2350, El Segundo, California 90245. Granite is 100% employee-owned. As of December 31, 2015, Granite has approximately $1.3 billion in assets under management. Granite provides the Fund with a small cap core strategy that purchases both value and growth companies and will invest in companies based on where the firm finds various opportunities regardless of the market environment. Granite’s research group uses an extensive proprietary investment model which dissects key operational aspects of a company’s performance.

THE LONDON COMPANY OF VIRGINIA, LLC (“LONDON”). The London Company of Virginia, LLC has managed a portion of the Fund since inception. London is a Delaware limited liability company, was founded in 1994, and is majority-owned by founder Stephen Goddard. London is located at 1800 Bayberry Court, Suite 301, Richmond, Virginia 23226. As of December 31, 2015, London had approximately $10.6 billion in assets under management. London’s strategy objective is total return, with a focus on downside protection, above average income and growth. The firm focuses on four key areas: (1) high return on capital, (2) consistent free cash flow generation, (3) predictability and stability, and (4) conservative valuations.

POLEN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC (“POLEN CAPITAL”). Polen Capital Management, LLC has managed a portion of the Fund since inception. Polen Capital was founded in 1979 by David Polen. The firm is a Delaware limited liability company and is located at 1825 NW Corporate Boulevard, Suite 300, Boca Raton, Florida 33431. As of December 31, 2015, Polen Capital had approximately $7.5 billion in assets under management. Polen Capital’s strategy focuses on large cap core growth and seeks businesses with superior balance sheets, high return on equity, normalized earnings growth, robust free cash flow generation and stable to increasing operating margins, and disfavors highly cyclical and capital intensive businesses.

Additional information about the Fund Managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by the Fund Managers and the Fund Managers’ ownership of securities in the Fund is available in the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).

 

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OTHER FUND SERVICES

TNTC serves as Transfer Agent and Custodian for the Fund. The Transfer Agent performs various shareholder servicing functions, and any shareholder inquiries should be directed to it. TNTC also performs certain administrative services for the Fund pursuant to a sub-administration agreement with NTI. NTI pays TNTC for its sub-administration services out of its management fees and TNTC’s fees do not represent additional expenses to the Fund.

TNTC, as Transfer Agent, is entitled to transfer agent fees of 0.015% of the average daily net assets of the Fund. TNTC, as Custodian, receives an amount based on a pre-determined schedule of charges approved by the Board of Trustees.

Pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC, TNTC may also render securities lending services to the Fund. In addition, cash collateral received by the Fund in connection with a securities loan may be invested in shares of other registered or unregistered funds that pay investment advisory or other fees to NTI, TNTC or an affiliate.

Pursuant to the same exemptive order, the Fund invests its uninvested cash in a money market fund advised by one or more of the Investment Adviser or its affiliates. Accordingly, the Fund will bear indirectly a proportionate share of that money market fund’s operating expenses. These operating expenses include the management, transfer agent and custody fees that the money market fund pays to the Investment Adviser and/or its affiliates. The uninvested cash of the Fund will be invested in the Northern Institutional Diversified Assets Portfolio. The aggregate annual rate of management, transfer agent and custody fees payable to the Investment Adviser and/or its affiliates on the assets invested in the Northern Institutional Diversified Assets Portfolio is 0.35%. However, pursuant to the exemptive order, to the extent of any duplicative advisory fees and services, NTI will reimburse the Fund for a portion of the management fees attributable to advisory services otherwise payable by the Fund on any assets invested in the affiliated money market fund.

TNTC, NTI and other Northern Trust affiliates may provide other services to the Fund and receive compensation for such services, if consistent with the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and the rules, exemptive orders and no-action letters issued by the SEC thereunder. Unless required, investors in the Fund may or may not receive specific notice of such additional services and fees.

Shares of the Trust are distributed by Northern Funds Distributors, LLC (“NFD”), Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine, 04101. NFD is not affiliated with TNTC, NTI, or any other Northern Trust affiliate.

 

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PURCHASING AND SELLING SHARES

THE TRUST IS A FAMILY OF NO-LOAD MUTUAL FUNDS THAT OFFERS A SELECTION OF FUNDS TO INVESTORS, EACH WITH A DISTINCT INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND RISK/REWARD PROFILE.

The description in the Fund Summary may help you decide whether the Fund fits your investment needs. Keep in mind, however, that no guarantee can be made that the Fund will meet its investment objective, and the Fund should not be relied upon as a complete investment program. The Trust also offers other funds, including additional multi-manager funds and asset allocation, equity, equity index, fixed-income and money market funds, which are described in separate prospectuses.

Please note that the fee and expense information shown under “Fees and Expenses of the Fund” in the Fund Summary beginning on page 3 does not reflect any charges that may be imposed by TNTC, its affiliates, financial intermediaries and other institutions on their customers. (For more information, please see “Account Policies and Other Information—Financial Intermediaries” on page 17.)

 

PURCHASING SHARES

You may purchase shares directly from the Trust or, if you maintain certain accounts, through Northern Trust and certain other institutions. If you have any questions or need assistance in opening an investment account or purchasing shares, call 800-595-9111.

 

OPENING AN ACCOUNT

THROUGH AN AUTHORIZED INTERMEDIARY. The Trust may authorize certain institutions acting as financial intermediaries (including banks, trust companies, brokers and investment advisers) to accept purchase orders from their customers on behalf of the Fund. See “Account Policies and Other Information—Financial Intermediaries” on page 17 for additional information regarding purchases of Fund shares through authorized intermediaries.

DIRECTLY FROM THE FUND. You may open a shareholder account and purchase shares directly from the Fund with a minimum initial investment of $2,500 ($500 for an IRA; $250 under the Automatic Investment Plan; and $500 for employees of Northern Trust and its affiliates). The minimum subsequent investment is $50 (except for reinvestments of distributions for which there is no minimum). The Fund reserves the right to waive the minimum. There is no minimum initial investment amount for accounts of Northern Trust wealth management clients.

For your convenience, there are a number of ways to invest directly in the Fund:

 

BY MAIL

 

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Read this Prospectus carefully.

 

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Complete and sign the New Account Application.

 

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Enclose a check payable to Northern Funds.

 

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If you are investing on behalf of a corporation or other entity, your New Account Application must be accompanied by acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable).

 

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Mail your check, acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable) and completed New Account Application to:

Northern Funds

P.O. Box 75986

Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986

 

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Additional documentation may be required to fulfill the requirements of the “Customer Identification Program” described on page 17.

 

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For overnight delivery use the following address:

Northern Funds

801 South Canal Street

Chicago, Illinois 60607

 

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For subsequent investments:

 

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Enclose your check with the investment slip portion of the confirmation of your previous investment; or

 

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Indicate on your check or a separate piece of paper your name, address and account number.

All checks must be payable in U.S. dollars and drawn on a bank located in the United States. Cash, travelers checks, money orders and third party checks are not acceptable.

 

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BY WIRE OR AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE (“ACH”) TRANSFER

TO OPEN A NEW ACCOUNT:

 

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For more information or instructions regarding the purchase of shares, call the Northern Funds Center at 800-595-9111.

 

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Complete a New Account Application and send it to:

Northern Funds

P.O. Box 75986

Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986

TO ADD TO AN EXISTING ACCOUNT:

 

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Have your bank wire federal funds or effect an ACH transfer to:

The Northern Trust Company

Chicago, Illinois

ABA Routing No. 0710-00152

(Reference 10-Digit Fund account number, with no spaces (e.g., ##########)

(Reference Shareholder’s Name)

 

BY DIRECT DEPOSIT

TO PURCHASE ADDITIONAL SHARES:

 

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Determine if your employer has direct deposit capabilities through the ACH.

 

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Have your employer send payments to:

ABA Routing No. 0710-00152

(Reference 10-Digit Fund account number, with no spaces (e.g., ##########))

(Reference Shareholder’s Name)

 

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The minimum periodic investment for direct deposit is $50.

 

BY AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT

TO OPEN A NEW ACCOUNT:

 

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Complete a New Account Application, including the Automatic Investment section.

 

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Send it to:

Northern Funds

P.O. Box 75986

Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986

 

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The minimum initial investment is $250; $50 for monthly minimum additions.

TO ADD TO AN EXISTING ACCOUNT:

 

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Call 800-595-9111 to obtain an Automatic Investment Plan Form.

 

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The minimum for additional investments is $50.

If you discontinue participation in the plan, the Fund reserves the right to redeem your account involuntarily, upon 30 days’ written notice, if the account’s net asset value (“NAV”) is $1,000 or less. Involuntary redemptions will not be made if the value of shares in an account falls below the minimum amount solely because of a decline in the Fund’s NAV.

 

BY DIRECTED REINVESTMENT

You may elect to have your income dividend and capital gain distributions automatically invested in another Fund account.

 

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Complete the “Choose Your Dividend and Capital Gain Distributions” section on the New Account Application.

 

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Reinvestments can only be directed to an existing Fund account (which must meet the minimum investment requirement).

 

BY EXCHANGE

You may open a new account or add to an existing account by exchanging shares of one fund of the Trust for shares of any other fund offered by the Trust. See “Selling Shares—By Exchange.”

 

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BY INTERNET

You may initiate transactions between Northern Trust banking and Fund accounts by using Northern Trust Private Passport. For details and to sign up for this service, go to www.northernfunds.com or contact your Relationship Manager.

 

THROUGH NORTHERN TRUST AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS

If you have an account with Northern Trust, you may purchase shares through Northern Trust. You also may purchase shares through other financial institutions that have entered into agreements with the Trust. To determine whether you may purchase shares through your institution, contact your institution directly or call 800-595-9111. Northern Trust and other financial institutions may impose charges against your account which will reduce the net return on an investment in the Fund. These charges may include asset allocation fees, account maintenance fees, sweep fees, compensating balance requirements or other charges based upon account transactions, assets or income.

 

SELLING SHARES

THROUGH AN AUTHORIZED INTERMEDIARY. If you purchase shares from an authorized intermediary, you may sell (redeem) shares by contacting your financial intermediary. See “Account Policies and Other Information—Financial Intermediaries” on page 17 for additional information regarding sales (redemptions) of Fund shares through authorized intermediaries.

REDEEMING AND EXCHANGING DIRECTLY FROM THE FUND. If you purchased shares directly from the Fund or, if you purchased your shares through an account at Northern Trust or another financial institution and you appear on Fund records as the registered holder, you may redeem all or part of your shares using one of the methods described below.

 

BY MAIL

SEND A WRITTEN REQUEST TO:

Northern Funds

P.O. Box 75986

Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986

THE REDEMPTION REQUEST MUST INCLUDE:

 

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The number of shares or the dollar amount to be redeemed;

 

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The Fund account number;

 

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The signatures of all account owners;

 

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A signature guarantee also is required if:

 

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The proceeds are to be sent elsewhere than the address of record, or

 

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The redemption amount is greater than $100,000.

 

BY WIRE

If you authorize wire redemptions on your New Account Application, you can redeem shares and have the proceeds sent by federal wire transfer to a previously designated bank account.

 

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You will be charged $15 for each wire redemption unless the designated account is maintained at Northern Trust or an affiliated bank.

 

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Call the Transfer Agent at 800-595-9111 for instructions.

 

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The minimum amount that may be redeemed by this method is $250.

 

BY SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL

If you own shares of the Fund with a minimum value of $10,000, you may elect to have a fixed sum redeemed at regular intervals and distributed in cash or reinvested in one or more other funds of the Trust.

 

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Call 800-595-9111 for an application form and additional information.

 

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The minimum amount is $250 per withdrawal.

 

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BY EXCHANGE

The Trust offers you the ability to exchange shares of one fund in the Trust for shares of another fund in the Trust.

 

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When opening an account, complete the Exchange Privilege section of the New Account Application or, if your account is already opened, send a written request to:

Northern Funds

P.O. Box 75986

Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986

 

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Shares being exchanged must have a value of at least $1,000 ($2,500 if a new account is being established by the exchange, $500 if the new account is an IRA).

 

¡  

Call 800-595-9111 for more information.

 

BY TELEPHONE

If you authorize the telephone privilege on your New Account Application, you may redeem shares by telephone.

 

¡  

If your account is already opened, send a written request to:

Northern Funds

P.O. Box 75986

Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986

 

¡  

The request must be signed by each owner of the account and must be accompanied by signature guarantees.

 

¡  

Call 800-595-9111 to use the telephone privilege.

 

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During periods of unusual economic or market activity, telephone redemptions may be difficult to implement. In such event, shareholders should follow the procedures outlined above under “Selling Shares—By Mail” and outlined below under “Selling Shares—By Internet.”

 

BY INTERNET

You may initiate transactions between Northern Trust banking and Fund accounts by using Northern Trust Private Passport. For details and to sign up for this service, go to www.northernfunds.com or contact your Relationship Manager.

 

REDEEMING AND EXCHANGING THROUGH NORTHERN TRUST AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS

If you purchased your shares through an account at Northern Trust or through another financial institution, you may redeem or exchange your shares according to the instructions pertaining to that account.

 

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Although the Trust imposes no charges when you redeem shares of the Fund, when shares are purchased through an account at Northern Trust or through other financial institutions, a fee may be charged by those institutions for providing services in connection with your account.

 

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Contact your account representative at Northern Trust or at another financial institution for more information about redemptions or exchanges.

 

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ACCOUNT POLICIES AND OTHER INFORMATION

CALCULATING SHARE PRICE. The Trust issues shares and redeems shares at NAV. The NAV for the Fund is calculated by dividing the value of the Fund’s net assets by the number of the Fund’s outstanding shares. The NAV is calculated on each Business Day as of 3:00 p.m. Central time for the Fund. The NAV used in determining the price of your shares is the one calculated after your purchase, exchange or redemption order is received in good order as described on page 17.

Investments of the Fund for which market quotations are readily available are priced at their market value. If market quotations are not readily available, or if it is believed that such quotations do not accurately reflect fair value, the fair value of the Fund’s investments may be otherwise determined in good faith under procedures established by the Trustees. Circumstances in which securities may be fair valued include periods when trading in a security is suspended, the exchange or market on which a security trades closes early, the trading volume in a security is limited, corporate actions and announcements take place, or regulatory news is released such as governmental approvals. Additionally, the Trust, in its discretion, may make adjustments to the prices of securities held by the Fund if an event occurs after the publication of market values normally used by the Fund but before the time as of which the Fund calculates its NAV, depending on the nature and significance of the event, consistent with applicable regulatory guidance and the Trust’s fair value procedures. This may occur particularly with respect to certain foreign securities held by the Fund, in which case the Trust may use adjustment factors obtained from an independent evaluation service that are intended to reflect more accurately the value of those securities as of the time the Fund’s NAV is calculated. Other events that can trigger fair valuing of foreign securities include, for example, significant fluctuations in general market indicators, governmental actions, or natural disasters. The use of fair valuation involves the risk that the values used by the Fund to price its investments may be higher or lower than the values used by other unaffiliated investment companies and investors to price the same investments. Short-term obligations, which are debt instruments with a maturity of 60 days or less, held by the Fund are valued at their amortized cost, which, according to the Investment Adviser, approximates fair value.

The Fund may hold foreign securities that trade on weekends or other days when the Fund does not price its shares. Therefore, the value of such securities may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem shares.

TIMING OF PURCHASE REQUESTS. Purchase requests received in good order and accepted by the Transfer Agent or other authorized intermediary by 3:00 p.m. Central time on any Business Day will be executed the day they are received by either the Transfer Agent or other authorized intermediary, at that day’s closing share price for the Fund, provided that one of the following occurs:

 

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The Transfer Agent receives payment by 3:00 p.m. Central time on the same Business Day; or

 

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The requests are placed by a financial or authorized intermediary that has entered into a servicing agreement with the Trust and payment in federal or other immediately available funds is received by the Transfer Agent by the close of the same Business Day or on the next Business Day, depending on the terms of the Trust’s agreement with the intermediary.

Purchase requests received in good order by the Transfer Agent or other authorized intermediary on a non-Business Day or after 3:00 p.m. Central time on a Business Day will be executed on the next Business Day, at that day’s closing share price for the Fund, provided that payment is made as noted above.

MISCELLANEOUS PURCHASE INFORMATION.

 

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You will be responsible for all losses and expenses of the Fund, and purchase orders may be cancelled, in the event of any failure to make payment according to the procedures outlined in this Prospectus. In addition, a $20 charge will be imposed if a check does not clear.

 

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Exchanges into the Fund from another fund in the Trust may be subject to any redemption fee imposed by the other fund.

 

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You may initiate transactions between Northern Trust banking and Fund accounts by using Northern Trust Private Passport. For additional details, please go to www.northernfunds.com or contact your Relationship Manager.

 

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The Trust and NFD each reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to suspend the offering of shares of the Fund or to reject any purchase order, in whole or in part, when, in the judgment of management, such suspension or rejection is in the best interests of the Fund. The Trust also reserves the right to change or discontinue any of its purchase procedures.

 

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In certain circumstances, the Trust may advance the time by which purchase orders must be received. See “Early Closings” on page 17.

 

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If the Transfer Agent cannot locate an investor for a period of time specified by appropriate state law, the investor’s account may be deemed legally abandoned and then escheated (transferred) to the state’s unclaimed property administrator in accordance with statutory requirements.

TIMING OF REDEMPTION AND EXCHANGE REQUESTS. Redemption and exchange requests received in good order by the Transfer Agent or other authorized intermediary on a Business Day by 3:00 p.m. Central time will be executed on the same day at that day’s closing share price for the Fund (less any applicable redemption fee).

Redemption and exchange requests received in good order by the Transfer Agent or other authorized intermediary on a non-Business Day or after 3:00 p.m. Central time on a Business Day will be executed the next Business Day, at that day’s closing share price for the Fund (less any applicable redemption fee).

 

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PAYMENT OF REDEMPTION PROCEEDS. Redemption proceeds normally will be sent or credited on the next Business Day or, if you are redeeming your shares through an authorized intermediary, up to three Business Days following the Business Day on which such redemption request is received in good order by the deadline noted above. However, if you have recently purchased shares with a check or through an electronic transaction, payment may be delayed as discussed below under “Miscellaneous Redemption Information.”

MISCELLANEOUS REDEMPTION INFORMATION. All redemption proceeds will be sent by check unless the Transfer Agent is directed otherwise. Redemption proceeds also may be wired. Redemptions are subject to the following restrictions:

 

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The Trust may require any information from the shareholder reasonably necessary to ensure that a redemption request has been duly authorized.

 

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Redemption requests made to the Transfer Agent by mail must be signed by a person authorized by acceptable documentation on file with the Transfer Agent.

 

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The Trust reserves the right, on 30 days’ written notice, to redeem the shares held in any account if, at the time of redemption, the NAV of the remaining shares in the account falls below $1,000. Involuntary redemptions will not be made if the value of shares in an account falls below the minimum solely because of a decline in the Fund’s NAV.

 

¡  

If you are redeeming recently purchased shares by check or electronic transaction, your redemption request may not be paid until your check or electronic transaction has cleared. This may delay your payment for up to 10 days.

 

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The Trust and the Transfer Agent reserve the right to redeem shares held by any shareholder who provides incorrect or incomplete account information or when such involuntary redemptions are necessary to avoid adverse consequences to the Trust and its shareholders or the Transfer Agent.

 

¡  

You may initiate transactions between Northern Trust banking and the Trust’s accounts by using Northern Trust Private Passport. For additional details, please go to www.northernfunds.com or contact your Relationship Manager.

 

¡  

The Trust reserves the right to change or discontinue any of its redemption procedures.

 

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The Trust reserves the right to defer crediting, sending or wiring redemption proceeds for up to 7 days (or such longer period permitted by the SEC) after receiving the redemption order if, in its judgment, an earlier payment could adversely affect the Fund.

 

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The Trust does not permit redemption proceeds to be sent by outgoing International ACH Transaction (“IAT”). An IAT is a payment transaction involving a financial institution’s office located outside U.S. territorial jurisdiction.

 

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In certain circumstances, the Trust may advance the time by which redemption and exchange orders must be received. See “Early Closings” on page 17.

EXCHANGE PRIVILEGES. You may exchange shares of the Fund in the Trust for shares of another fund in the Trust only if the registration of both accounts is identical. Both accounts must have the same owner’s name and title, if applicable. An exchange is a redemption of shares of the fund and the purchase of shares of another fund in the Trust. If the shares redeemed are held in a taxable account, an exchange is considered a taxable event and may result in a gain or loss. The Trust reserves the right to waive or modify minimum investment requirements in connection with exchanges.

The Trust reserves the right to change or discontinue the exchange privilege at any time upon 60 days’ written notice to shareholders and to reject any exchange request. Exchanges are only available in states where an exchange can legally be made. Before making an exchange, you should read the Prospectus for the shares you are acquiring.

POLICIES AND PROCEDURES ON EXCESSIVE TRADING PRACTICES. In accordance with the policy adopted by the Board of Trustees, the Trust discourages market timing and other excessive trading practices. Purchases and exchanges should be made with a view to longer-term investment purposes only. Excessive, short-term (market timing) trading practices may disrupt fund management strategies, increase brokerage and administrative costs, harm Fund performance and result in dilution in the value of Fund shares held by long-term shareholders. The Trust and Northern Trust reserve the right to reject or restrict purchase or exchange requests from any investor. The Trust and Northern Trust will not be liable for any loss resulting from rejected purchase or exchange orders. To minimize harm to the Trust and its shareholders (or Northern Trust), the Trust (or Northern Trust) will exercise this right if, in the Trust’s (or Northern Trust’s) judgment, an investor has a history of excessive trading or if an investor’s trading, in the judgment of the Trust (or Northern Trust), has been or may be disruptive to the Fund. In making this judgment, trades executed in multiple accounts under common ownership or control may be considered together to the extent they can be identified. No waivers of the provisions of the policy established to detect and deter market timing and other excessive trading activity are permitted that would harm the Trust or its shareholders or would subordinate the interests of the Trust or its shareholders to those of Northern Trust or any affiliated person or associated person of Northern Trust.

To deter excessive shareholder trading, a shareholder is restricted to no more than two “round trips” in the Fund during a calendar quarter. A “round trip” is a redemption or exchange out of the Fund followed by a purchase or exchange into the Fund. The Trust is authorized to permit more than two “round trips” in the Fund during a calendar quarter if the Trust determines in its reasonable judgment that the Trust’s excessive trading policies would not be violated. Examples of such transactions include, but are not limited to, trades involving:

 

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asset allocation programs, wrap fee programs and other investment programs offered by financial institutions where investment decisions are made on a discretionary basis by investment professionals;

 

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¡  

systematic withdrawal plans and automatic exchange plans;

 

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reinvestment of dividends, distributions or other payments;

 

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a death or post-purchase disability of the beneficial owner of the account;

 

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minimum required distributions from retirement accounts;

 

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the return of excess contributions in retirement accounts; and

 

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redemptions initiated by the Fund.

Pursuant to the policy adopted by the Board of Trustees, the Trust has developed criteria that it uses to identify trading activity that may be excessive. The Trust reviews on a regular and periodic basis available information relating to the trading activity in the Fund in order to assess the likelihood that the Fund may be the target of excessive trading. As part of its excessive trading surveillance process, the Trust, on a periodic basis, examines transactions that exceed certain monetary thresholds or numerical limits within a period of time. If, in its judgment, the Trust detects excessive, short-term trading, whether or not the shareholder has made two round trips in a calendar quarter, the Trust may reject or restrict a purchase or exchange request and may further seek to close an investor’s account with the Fund.

The Trust may modify its surveillance procedures and criteria from time to time without prior notice regarding the detection of excessive trading or to address specific circumstances. The Trust will apply the criteria in a manner that, in the Trust’s judgment, will be uniform.

Fund shares may be held through omnibus arrangements maintained by intermediaries such as broker-dealers, investment advisers, transfer agents, administrators and insurance companies. In addition, Fund shares may be held in omnibus 401(k) plans, retirement plans and other group accounts. Omnibus accounts include multiple investors and such accounts typically provide the Fund with a net purchase or redemption request on any given day where the purchases and redemptions of Fund shares by the investors are netted against one another. The identities of individual investors whose purchase and redemption orders are aggregated are not known by the Fund. While Northern Trust may monitor share turnover at the omnibus account level, the Fund’s ability to monitor and detect market timing by shareholders or apply any applicable redemption fee in these omnibus accounts is limited. The netting effect makes it more difficult to identify, locate and eliminate market timing activities. In addition, those investors who engage in market timing and other excessive trading activities may employ a variety of techniques to avoid detection. There can be no assurance that the Fund and Northern Trust will be able to identify all those who trade excessively or employ a market timing strategy, and curtail their trading in every instance.

If necessary, the Trust may prohibit additional purchases of Fund shares by a financial intermediary or by certain of the intermediary’s customers. Financial intermediaries may also monitor their customers’ trading activities in the Trust. Certain financial intermediaries may monitor their customers for excessive trading according to their own excessive trading policies. The Trust may rely on these financial intermediaries’ excessive trading policies in lieu of applying the Trust’s policies. The financial intermediaries’ excessive trading policies may differ from the Trust’s policies and there is no assurance that the procedures used by financial intermediaries will be able to curtail excessive trading activity in the Trust.

IN-KIND PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS. The Trust reserves the right to accept payment for shares in the form of securities that are permissible investments for the Fund. The Trust also reserves the right to pay redemptions by a distribution “in-kind” of securities (instead of cash) from the Fund. See the SAI for further information about the terms of these purchases and redemptions.

TELEPHONE TRANSACTIONS. All calls may be recorded or monitored. The Transfer Agent has adopted procedures in an effort to establish reasonable safeguards against fraudulent telephone transactions. If reasonable measures are taken to verify that telephone instructions are genuine, the Trust and its service providers will not be responsible for any loss resulting from fraudulent or unauthorized instructions received over the telephone. In these circumstances, shareholders will bear the risk of loss. During periods of unusual market activity, you may have trouble placing a request by telephone. In this event, consider sending your request in writing or follow the procedures found on pages 12 or 13 for initiating transactions by the Internet.

The proceeds of redemption orders received by telephone will be sent by check, wire or transfer according to proper instructions. All checks will be made payable to the shareholder of record and mailed only to the shareholder’s address of record.

The Trust reserves the right to refuse a telephone redemption.

MAKING CHANGES TO YOUR ACCOUNT INFORMATION. You may make changes to wiring instructions only in writing. You may make changes to an address of record or certain other account information in writing or by telephone. Written instructions must be accompanied by acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable). A signature guarantee from an institution participating in the Stock Transfer Agency Medallion Program (“STAMP”). Additional requirements may be imposed. In accordance with SEC regulations, the Trust and Transfer Agent may charge a shareholder reasonable costs in locating a shareholder’s current address.

SIGNATURE GUARANTEES. If a signature guarantee is required, it must be from an institution participating in STAMP, or other acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable) must be provided. Additional requirements may be imposed by the Trust. In addition to the situations described in this Prospectus, the Trust may require signature guarantees in other circumstances based on the amount of a redemption request or other factors.

 

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BUSINESS DAY. A “Business Day” is each Monday through Friday when the Exchange is open for business. For any given calendar year, the Fund will be closed on the following holidays or as observed: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.

GOOD ORDER. A purchase, redemption or exchange request is considered to be “in good order” when all necessary information is provided and all required documents are properly completed, signed and delivered, including acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable). Requests must include the following:

 

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The account number (if issued) and Fund name;

 

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The amount of the transaction, in dollar amount or number of shares;

 

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For redemptions and exchanges (other than online, telephone or wire redemptions), the signature of all account owners exactly as they are registered on the account;

 

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Required signature guarantees, if applicable;

 

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Other supporting legal documents and certified resolutions that might be required in the case of estates, corporations, trusts and other entities or forms of ownership. Call 800-595-9111 for more information about documentation that may be required of these entities.

Additionally, a purchase order initiating the opening of an account will not be considered to be “in good order” unless the investor has provided all information required by the Trust’s “Customer Identification Program” described below.

CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION PROGRAM. Federal law requires the Trust to obtain, verify and record identifying information, which may include the name, residential or business street address, date of birth (for an individual), social security or taxpayer identification number or other identifying information for each investor who opens or reopens an account with the Trust. Applications without this information, or without an indication that a social security or taxpayer identification number has been applied for, may not be accepted. After acceptance, to the extent permitted by applicable law or the Trust’s customer identification program, the Trust reserves the right to: (a) place limits on account transactions until the investor’s identity is verified; (b) refuse an investment in the Trust; or (c) involuntarily redeem an investor’s shares and close an account in the event that an investor’s identity is not verified. The Trust and its agents will not be responsible for any loss in an investor’s account resulting from an investor’s delay in providing all required identifying information or from closing an account and redeeming an investor’s shares when an investor’s identity is not verified.

EARLY CLOSINGS. The Fund reserves the right to advance the time for accepting purchase, redemption or exchange orders for same Business Day credit when the Exchange closes early, trading on the Exchange is restricted, an emergency arises or as otherwise permitted by the SEC. In addition, the Board of Trustees of the Fund may, for any Business Day, decide to change the time as of which the Fund’s NAV is calculated in response to new developments such as altered trading hours, or as otherwise permitted by the SEC.

EMERGENCY OR UNUSUAL EVENTS. In the event the Exchange does not open for business because of an emergency or unusual event, the Trust may, but is not required to, open one or more funds for purchase, redemption and exchange transactions if the Federal Reserve wire payment system is open. To learn whether the Fund is open for business during an emergency situation or unusual event, please call 800-595-9111 or visit www.northernfunds.com.

FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES. The Trust may authorize certain institutions acting as financial intermediaries (including banks, trust companies, brokers and investment advisers) to accept purchase, redemption and exchange orders from their customers on behalf of the Fund. These authorized intermediaries also may designate other intermediaries to accept such orders, if approved by the Trust. The Fund will be deemed to have received an order when the order is accepted by the authorized intermediary, and the order will be priced at the Fund’s per share NAV next determined, provided that the authorized intermediary forwards the order (and payment for any purchase order) to the Transfer Agent on behalf of the Trust within agreed-upon time periods. If the order (or payment for any purchase order) is not received by the Transfer Agent within such time periods, the authorized intermediary may be liable for fees and losses and the transaction may be cancelled.

The Trust may enter into agreements with certain financial intermediaries, including affiliates of Northern Trust, that perform support services for their customers who own Fund shares (“Service Organizations”). These support services may include:

 

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assisting investors in processing purchase, exchange and redemption requests;

 

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processing dividend and distribution payments from the Fund;

 

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providing information to customers showing their positions in the Fund; and

 

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providing subaccounting with respect to Fund shares beneficially owned by customers or the information necessary for subaccounting.

For their services, Service Organizations may receive fees from the Fund at annual rates of up to 0.25% of the average daily NAV of the shares covered by their agreements. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets on an on-going basis, they will increase the cost of your investment in the Fund. The Fund’s arrangements with Service Organizations under the agreements are governed by a Service Plan, which has been adopted by the Board of Trustees.

 

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Northern Trust also may provide compensation to certain dealers and other financial intermediaries, including affiliates of Northern Trust, for marketing and distribution in connection with the Trust. Northern Trust may also sponsor informational meetings, seminars and other similar programs designed to market the Trust. The amount of such compensation and payments may be made on a one-time and/or periodic basis, and may represent all or a portion of the annual fees earned by the Investment Adviser (after adjustments). The additional compensation and payments will be paid by Northern Trust or its affiliates and will not represent an additional expense to the Trust or its shareholders. Such payments may provide incentives for financial intermediaries to make shares of the Fund available to their customers, and may allow the Fund greater access to such parties and their customers than would be the case if no payments were paid.

Investors purchasing shares of the Fund through a financial intermediary should read their account agreements with the financial intermediary carefully. A financial intermediary’s requirements may differ from those listed in this Prospectus. A financial intermediary also may impose account charges, such as asset allocation fees, account maintenance fees and other charges that will reduce the net return on an investment in the Fund. If an investor has agreed with a particular financial intermediary to maintain a minimum balance and the balance falls below this minimum, the investor may be required to redeem all or a portion of the investor’s investment in the Fund.

Conflict of interest restrictions may apply to the receipt of compensation by a Service Organization or other financial intermediary in connection with the investment of fiduciary funds in Fund shares. Institutions, including banks regulated by the Comptroller of the Currency, Federal Reserve Board and state banking commissions, and investment advisers and other money managers subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, the Department of Labor or state securities commissions, are urged to consult their legal counsel.

State securities laws regarding the registration of dealers may differ from federal law. As a result, Service Organizations and other financial intermediaries investing in the Fund on behalf of their customers may be required to register as dealers.

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS. The Fund, or its duly authorized service providers, may publicly disclose holdings of the Fund in accordance with regulatory requirements, such as periodic portfolio disclosure in filings with the SEC.

A complete schedule of the Fund’s holdings, current as of calendar quarter-end, will be available on the Trust’s web site at www.northernfunds.com no earlier than ten (10) calendar days after the end of the period. The Fund will also publish its top ten holdings on its web site, current as of month end, no earlier than ten (10) calendar days after the end of the month. This information will remain available on the web site at least until the Fund files with the SEC its semiannual/annual shareholder report or quarterly portfolio holdings report that includes such period. The Fund may terminate or modify this policy at any time without further notice to shareholders.

A further description of the Trust’s Policy on Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings is available in the SAI.

SHAREHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS. Shareholders of record will be provided each year with a semiannual report showing portfolio investments and other information as of September 30 and with an annual report containing audited financial statements as of March 31. If we have received appropriate written consent, we send a single copy of all materials, including prospectuses, financial reports, proxy statements or information statements to all shareholders who share the same mailing address, even if more than one person in a household holds shares of the Fund.

If you do not want your mailings combined with those of other members of your household, you may opt-out at any time by contacting the Northern Funds Center by telephone at 800-595-9111 or by mail at Northern Funds, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986. You also may send an e-mail to northern-funds@ntrs.com. The Fund will begin sending individual copies to you within 30 days after receipt of your opt-out notice.

The Trust may reproduce this Prospectus in electronic format that may be available on the Internet. If you have received this Prospectus in electronic format you, or your representative, may contact the Transfer Agent for a free paper copy of this Prospectus by writing to the Northern Funds Center at P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986, calling 800-595-9111 or by sending an e-mail to: northern-funds@ntrs.com.

 

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DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

DIVIDENDS AND CAPITAL GAIN DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE FUND ARE AUTOMATICALLY REINVESTED IN

ADDITIONAL SHARES OF THE FUND WITHOUT ANY SALES CHARGE.

You may, however, elect to have dividends or capital gain distributions (or both) paid in cash or reinvested in shares of another fund in the Trust at its NAV per share. If you would like to receive dividends or distributions in cash or have them reinvested in another fund in the Trust, you must notify the Transfer Agent in writing. This election will become effective for distributions paid two days after its receipt by the Transfer Agent. Dividends and distributions only may be reinvested in a fund in the Trust in which you maintain an account.

Dividend and capital gain distributions that are returned to the Fund as undeliverable will be reinvested into your account upon return receipt at the Fund’s then current NAV. Also, future distributions will be reinvested until the Fund receives valid delivery instructions.

The following table summarizes the general distribution policies for the Fund. The Fund may, in some years, pay additional dividends or make additional distributions to the extent necessary for the Fund to avoid incurring unnecessary tax liabilities or for other reasons.

 

Fund   

Dividends, if any,

Declared and Paid

  

Capital Gains, if any,

Declared and Paid

ACTIVE M U.S. EQUITY FUND

   Quarterly    Annually

 

 

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TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following is a summary of certain tax considerations that may be relevant to an investor in the Fund. The discussions of the federal tax consequences in this Prospectus and the SAI are based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and the regulations issued under it, and court decisions and administrative interpretations, as in effect on the date of this Prospectus. Future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly alter the statements included herein, and any such changes or decisions may be retroactive. Except where otherwise indicated, the discussion relates to shareholders who are individual U.S. citizens or residents and is based on current tax law. You should consult your tax professional for further information regarding federal, state, local and/or foreign tax consequences relevant to your specific situation.

DISTRIBUTIONS. The Fund intends to qualify as a regulated investment company for federal tax purposes, and to distribute to shareholders substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gain each year. Except as otherwise noted below, you will generally be subject to federal income tax on the Fund’s distributions to you, regardless of whether they are paid in cash or reinvested in Fund shares. For federal income tax purposes, Fund distributions attributable to short-term capital gains and net investment income are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions attributable to net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) of the Fund generally are taxable to you as long-term capital gains. This is true no matter how long you own your Fund shares. The maximum long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals, estates and trusts is currently 20%. U.S. individuals with “modified adjusted gross income” exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) and trusts and estates with income above certain thresholds are subject to the Medicare contribution tax on their “net investment income,” which includes non-exempt interest, dividends and capital gains at a rate of 3.8%. Every year, the Trust will send you information detailing the amount of ordinary income and capital gains distributed to your account for the previous year.

Distributions of “qualifying dividends” will also generally be taxable to you at long-term capital gain rates, as long as certain requirements are met. In general, if 95% or more of the gross income of the Fund (other than net capital gain) consists of dividends received from domestic corporations or “qualified” foreign corporations (“qualifying dividends”) and when certain other requirements are met, then all distributions paid by the Fund to individual shareholders will be treated as qualifying dividends. But if less than 95% of the gross income of the Fund (other than net capital gain) consists of qualifying dividends, then distributions paid by the Fund to individual shareholders will be qualifying dividends only to the extent they are derived from qualifying dividends earned by the Fund. For the long-term capital gain rates to apply, you must have owned your Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the Fund’s ex-dividend date (and the Fund will need to have met a similar holding period requirement with respect to the shares of the corporation paying the qualifying dividend). The amount of the Fund’s distributions that qualify for this favorable treatment may be reduced as a result of the Fund’s securities lending activities, if any, by a high portfolio turnover rate or by investments in debt securities or “non-qualified” foreign corporations.

A portion of distributions paid by the Fund to shareholders who are corporations may also qualify for the dividends-received deduction for corporations, subject to certain holding period requirements and debt financing limitations.

To the extent that the Fund invests a portion of its assets in MLPs, Fund distributions attributable to distributions from those entities will generally not constitute “qualifying dividends” for purposes of the long-term capital gain rate. Additionally, the Fund may be allocated items of tax preference or adjustment for alternative minimum tax purposes from MLPs and will be required to allocate those items to shareholders.

Distributions from the Fund will generally be taxable to you in the year in which they are paid, with one exception. Dividends and distributions declared by the Fund in October, November or December and paid in January of the following year are taxed as though they were paid on December 31.

Each year, the Fund will send you an annual statement (Form 1099) of your account activity to assist you in completing your federal, state and local tax returns. Prior to issuing your statement, the Fund makes every effort to obtain correct information regarding Fund income to reduce the number of corrected forms mailed to shareholders. However, when necessary, the Fund will send you a corrected Form 1099 to reflect changes in information regarding fund income.

You should note that if you buy shares of the Fund shortly before it makes a distribution, the distribution will be fully taxable to you even though, as an economic matter, it simply represents a return of a portion of your investment. This adverse tax result is known as “buying into a dividend.”

SALES AND EXCHANGES. The sale, exchange, or redemption of Fund shares is a taxable event on which a gain or loss may be recognized. For federal income tax purposes, an exchange of shares of one Fund for shares of another Fund is considered the same as a sale. The amount of gain or loss is based on the difference between your tax basis in the Fund shares and the amount you receive for them upon disposition. Generally, you will recognize long-term capital gain or loss if you have held your Fund shares for over twelve months at the time you dispose of them. Gains and losses on shares held for twelve months or less will generally constitute short-term capital gains, except that a loss on shares held six months or less will be recharacterized as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gains distributions that you have received on the shares. A loss realized on a sale or exchange of Fund shares may be disallowed under the so-called “wash sale” rules to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced with other shares of that same Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the shares are disposed of, such as pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in shares of the Fund. If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an adjustment to the basis of the shares acquired.

 

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The Fund is required to compute and report to the Internal Revenue Service and furnish to Fund shareholders cost basis information when Fund shares are sold or exchanged. The Fund has elected to use the average cost method, unless you instruct the Fund to use a different IRS-accepted cost basis method, or choose to specifically identify your shares at the time of each sale or exchange. If your account is held by your broker or other financial advisor, they may select a different cost basis method. In these cases, please contact your broker or other financial advisor to obtain information with respect to the available methods and elections for your account. You should carefully review the cost basis information provided by the Fund and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on your federal and state income tax returns. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax professionals to determine the best IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the new cost basis reporting requirements apply to them.

IRAS AND OTHER TAX-QUALIFIED PLANS. The one major exception to the preceding tax principles is that distributions on, and sales, exchanges and redemptions of, shares held in an IRA or other tax-qualified plan will not be currently taxable unless shares are acquired with borrowed funds.

BACKUP WITHHOLDING. The Trust will be required in certain cases to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury 28% of the dividends and gross sales proceeds paid to any shareholder (i) who had provided either an incorrect tax identification number or no number at all, (ii) who is subject to backup withholding by the Internal Revenue Service for failure to report the receipt of taxable interest or dividend income properly, or (iii) who has failed to certify to the Trust, when required to do so, that he or she is not subject to backup withholding or that he or she is an “exempt recipient.”

U.S. TAX TREATMENT OF FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS. Nonresident aliens, foreign corporations and other foreign investors in the Fund will generally be exempt from U.S. federal income tax on Fund distributions attributable to net capital gains. The exemption may not apply, however, if the investment in the Fund is connected to a trade or business of the foreign investor in the United States or if the foreign investor is present in the United States for 183 days or more in a year and certain other conditions are met.

Fund distributions attributable to other categories of Fund income, such as dividends from companies whose securities are held by the Fund, will generally be subject to a 30% withholding tax when paid to foreign shareholders. The withholding tax may, however, be reduced (and, in some cases, eliminated) under an applicable tax treaty between the United States and a shareholder’s country of residence or incorporation, provided that the shareholder furnishes the Fund with a properly completed Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable, to establish entitlement for these treaty benefits. Dividends reported as short-term capital gains dividends or interest-related dividends are not subject to U.S. withholding tax.

A foreign investor will generally not be subject to U.S. tax on gains realized on sales or exchanges of Fund shares unless the investment in the Fund is connected to a trade or business of the investor in the United States or if the investor is present in the United States for 183 days or more in a year and certain other conditions are met.

In addition, the Funds are required to withhold 30% tax on payments to foreign entities that do not meet specified information reporting requirements under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act.

All foreign investors should consult their own tax professionals regarding the tax consequences in the United States and their country of residence of an investment in the Fund.

STATE AND LOCAL TAXES. You may also be subject to state and local taxes on income and gain attributable to your ownership of Fund shares. State income taxes may not apply, however, to the portions of the Fund’s distributions, if any, that are attributable to interest earned by the Fund on U.S. government securities. You should consult your tax professional regarding the tax status of distributions in your state and locality.

CONSULT YOUR TAX PROFESSIONAL. Your investment in the Fund could have additional tax consequences. You should consult your tax professional for information regarding all tax consequences applicable to your investments in a Fund. More tax information relating to the Fund is also provided in the SAI. This short summary is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning.

 

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SECURITIES, TECHNIQUES AND RISKS

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS

All investments carry some degree of risk that will affect the value of the Fund’s investments, its investment performance and the price of its shares. As a result, loss of money is a risk of investing in the Fund.

This section takes a closer look at some of the Fund’s principal investment strategies and related risks.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE. The Fund’s investment objective may be changed by the Trust’s Board of Trustees without shareholder approval. Shareholders will, however, be notified of any changes to the Fund’s investment objective. Any such change to the Fund’s investment objective may result in the Fund having an investment objective different from the investment objective that the shareholder considered appropriate at the time of investment in the Fund.

CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES. A convertible security is a bond or preferred stock that may be converted (exchanged) into the common stock of the issuing company within a specified time period for a specified number of shares. Convertible securities offer a way to participate in the capital appreciation of the common stock into which the securities are convertible, while earning higher current income than is available from the common stock.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Fund may invest in convertible securities when the Sub-Advisers determine that such securities are desirable in light of the Fund’s investment objective.

SPECIAL RISKS. The price of a convertible security normally will vary in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying common stock because of either a conversion or exercise feature. However, the value of a convertible security may not increase or decrease as rapidly as the underlying common stock. Additionally, a convertible security normally also will provide income and therefore is subject to interest rate risk. While convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible fixed-income securities of similar quality, their value tends to increase as the market value of the underlying stock increases and to decrease when the value of the underlying stock decreases. Also, the Fund may be forced to convert a security before it would otherwise choose, which may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s return and its ability to achieve its investment objective.

CYBER SECURITY RISK. With the increased use of the Internet and because information technology (“IT”) systems and digital data underlie most of the Fund’s operations, the Funds and their investment adviser, transfer agent, distributor and other service providers and the vendors of each (collectively “Service Providers”) are exposed to the risk that their operations and data may be compromised as a result of internal and external cyber-failures, breaches or attacks (“Cyber Risk”). This could occur as a result of malicious or criminal cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include actions taken to: (i) steal or corrupt data maintained online or digitally, (ii) gain unauthorized access to or release confidential information, (iii) shut down a Fund or Service Provider web site through denial-of-service attacks, or (iv) otherwise disrupt normal business operations. However, events arising from human error, faulty or inadequately implemented policies and procedures or other systems failures unrelated to any external cyber-threat may have effects similar to those caused by deliberate cyber-attacks.

Successful cyber-attacks or other cyber-failures or events affecting the Fund or its Service Providers may adversely impact the Fund or its shareholders or cause your investment in the Fund to lose value. For instance, such attacks, failures or other events may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential Fund information, impede trading, or cause reputational damage. Such attacks, failures or other events could also subject the Fund or its Service Providers to regulatory fines, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. Insurance protection and contractual indemnification provisions may be insufficient to cover these losses. The Fund or its Service Providers may also incur significant costs to manage and control Cyber Risk. While the Fund and its Service Providers have established IT and data security programs and have in place business continuity plans and other systems designed to prevent losses and mitigate Cyber Risk, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified or that cyber-attacks may be highly sophisticated.

Cyber Risk is also present for issuers of securities or other instruments in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund’s investment in such issuers to lose value.

DERIVATIVES. The Fund may purchase certain “derivative” instruments for hedging purposes. A derivative is a financial instrument whose value is derived from, or based upon, the performance of underlying assets, interest or currency exchange rates, or other indices. Derivatives include futures contracts, options, interest rate and currency swaps, equity swaps and forward currency contracts.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Fund, under normal market conditions, may, to a moderate extent, invest in derivative securities including futures contracts and options if the potential risks and rewards are consistent with the Fund’s objective, strategies and overall risk profile. In unusual circumstances, including times of increased market volatility, a Fund may make more significant investments in derivatives. The Fund may use derivatives for hedging purposes to offset a potential loss in one position by establishing an interest in an opposite position, in anticipation of the purchase of securities or for liquidity management purposes. The Fund does not intend to use derivatives for speculative purposes (i.e., to invest for potential income or capital gain). It is the current policy of the Funds’ Board o Trustees to limit investments in derivatives by the Fund to investments for hedging purposes.

 

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SPECIAL RISKS. An investment in derivatives can be more sensitive to changes in interest rates and sudden fluctuations in market prices than conventional securities. Investments in derivative instruments may result in losses exceeding the amounts invested. The Fund’s losses may be greater if it invests in derivatives than if it invests only in conventional securities. Engaging in derivative transactions involves special risks, including (a) market risk that the Fund’s derivatives position will lose value; (b) credit risk that the counterparty to the transaction will default; (c) leveraging risk that the value of the derivative instrument will decline more than the value of the assets on which it is based; (d) illiquidity risk that the Fund will be unable to sell its position because of lack of market depth or disruption; (e) pricing risk that the value of a derivative instrument will be difficult to determine; and (f) operations risk that loss will occur as a result of inadequate systems or human error. Many types of derivatives have been developed recently and have not been tested over complete market cycles. For these reasons, the Fund may suffer a loss whether or not the analysis of the Sub-Adviser is accurate.

In order to secure its obligations in connection with derivative contracts or special transactions, the Fund will either own the underlying assets, enter into offsetting transactions or set aside cash or readily marketable securities. This requirement may cause the Fund to miss favorable trading opportunities, due to a lack of sufficient cash or readily marketable securities. This requirement also may cause the Fund to realize losses on offsetting or terminated derivative contracts or special transactions.

EQUITY SECURITIES. “Equity securities” include common stocks, preferred stocks, investment companies including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), interests in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), convertible securities, equity interests in trusts, partnerships, joint ventures, limited liability companies and similar enterprises, warrants, stock purchase rights and synthetic and derivative instruments that have economic characteristics similar to equity securities.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Fund invests primarily in equity securities.

SPECIAL RISKS. Investing in equity securities involves market risk. Market risk is the risk that the value of the securities in which the Fund invests may go up or down in response to the prospects of individual issuers and/or general economic conditions. Securities markets may experience great short-term volatility and may fall sharply at times. Different markets may behave differently from each other and a foreign market may move in the opposite direction from the U.S. market. Stock prices have historically risen and fallen in periodic cycles. In general, the values of equity investments fluctuate in response to the activities of individual companies and in response to general market and economic conditions. Price changes may be temporary or last for extended periods. Accordingly, the values of the equity investments that the Fund holds may decline over short or extended periods. This volatility means that the value of your investment in the Fund may increase or decrease. You could lose money over short periods due to fluctuation in the Fund’s NAV in response to market movements, and over longer periods during market downturns.

Over the past several years, stock markets have experienced substantial price volatility. Growth stocks are generally more sensitive to market movements than other types of stocks and their stock prices may therefore be more volatile and present a higher degree of risk of loss. Value stocks, on the other hand, may fall out of favor with investors and underperform growth stocks during any given period.

 

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INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS. An IPO is a company’s first offering of stock to the public.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. At times, the Fund may invest in IPOs.

SPECIAL RISKS. An IPO presents the risk that the market value of IPO shares will fluctuate considerably due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading, the small number of shares available for trading and limited information about the issuer. The purchase of IPO shares may involve high transaction costs. IPO shares are subject to market risk and liquidity risk. When a Fund’s asset base is small, a significant portion of the Fund’s performance could be attributable to investments in IPOs because such investments would have a magnified impact on the Fund. As the Fund’s assets grow, the effect of the Fund’s investments in IPOs on the Fund’s performance probably will decline, which could reduce the Fund’s performance. Because of the price volatility of IPO shares, a Fund may choose to hold IPO shares for a very short period of time. This may increase the turnover of a portfolio and may lead to increased expenses to the Fund, such as commissions and transaction costs. By selling IPO shares, the Fund may realize taxable gains it subsequently will distribute to shareholders. In addition, the market for IPO shares can be speculative and/or inactive for extended periods of time. There is no assurance that the Fund will be able to obtain allocable portions

 

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of IPO shares. The limited number of shares available for trading in some IPOs may make it more difficult for the Fund to buy or sell significant amounts of shares without an unfavorable impact on prevailing prices. Investors in IPO shares can be affected by substantial dilution in the value of their shares, by sales of additional shares and by concentration of control in existing management and principal shareholders. The Funds’ investments in IPO shares may include the securities of “unseasoned” companies (companies with less than three years of continuous operations), which present risks considerably greater than common stocks of more established companies. These companies may have limited operating histories and their prospects for profitability may be uncertain. These companies may be involved in new and evolving businesses and may be vulnerable to competition and changes in technology, markets and economic conditions. They may be more dependent on key managers and third parties and may have limited product lines.

INVESTMENT COMPANIES. Affiliated and unaffiliated investment companies include, but are not limited to, money market funds, index funds, “country funds” (i.e., funds that invest primarily in issuers located in a specific foreign country or region), iShares®, S&P’s Depositary Receipts® (“SPDRs”) and other ETFs. Other investment companies in which the Fund may invest include other funds for which the Investment Adviser or any of its affiliates serve as investment advisers.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Fund may invest in securities issued by other affiliated or unaffiliated investment companies. Investments by the Fund in other investment companies, including ETFs, will be subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act except as permitted by SEC orders. The Fund may rely on SEC orders that permit it to invest in certain ETFs beyond the limits contained in the 1940 Act, subject to certain terms and conditions. Although the Fund does not expect to do so in the foreseeable future, the Fund is authorized to invest substantially all of its assets in a single open-end investment company or series thereof that has substantially the same investment objective, strategies and fundamental restrictions as the Fund.

SPECIAL RISKS. As a shareholder of another investment company, the Fund would be subject to the same risks as any other investor in that company. It also would bear a proportionate share of any fees and expenses paid by that company. These expenses would be in addition to the advisory and other fees paid directly by the Fund. The Fund’s investment in an ETF involves other considerations. In particular, shares of ETFs are listed and traded on securities exchanges and in over-the-counter markets, and the purchase and sale of these shares involve transaction fees and commissions. In addition, shares of an ETF are issued in “creation units” and are not redeemable individually except upon termination of the ETF. To redeem, the Fund must accumulate enough shares of an ETF to reconstitute a creation unit. The liquidity of a small holding of an ETF, therefore, will depend upon the existence of a secondary market. Also, even though the market price of an ETF is derived from the securities it owns, such price at any given time may be at, below or above the ETF’s NAV.

LARGE COMPANY RISK. Larger, more established companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges such as changes in technology and consumer tastes. Many larger companies also may not be able to attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion. For purposes of the fund’s investment policies, the market capitalization of a company is based on its capitalization at the time the fund purchases the company’s securities. Market capitalizations of companies change over time. The fund is not obligated to sell a company’s security simply because, subsequent to its purchase, the company’s market capitalization has changed to be outside the capitalization range, if any, in effect for the fund.

LIQUIDITY RISK. A fund is exposed to liquidity risk when trading volume, lack of a market maker, or legal restrictions impair the fund’s ability to sell particular securities or close derivative positions at an advantageous market price. Funds with principal investment strategies that involve investments in securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations, foreign securities, derivatives, or securities with substantial market and/or credit risk tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk.

PREFERRED STOCK. Preferred stocks are securities that represent an ownership interest providing the holder with claims on the issuer’s earnings and assets before common stock owners but after bond owners.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Fund invests in preferred stocks to the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies.

SPECIAL RISKS. Unlike most debt securities, the obligations of an issuer of preferred stock, including dividend and other payment obligations, typically may not be accelerated by the holders of such preferred stock on the occurrence of an event of default or other non-compliance by the issuer of the preferred stock.

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER. The portfolio turnover rate for the Fund is likely to be higher than the rates for comparable mutual funds with a single portfolio manager. Each of the Fund’s Sub-Advisers makes decisions to buy or sell securities independently from other Sub-Advisers. Thus, one Sub-Adviser for the Fund may be selling a security when another Sub-Adviser for the Fund, or for another Fund, is purchasing that same security. Additionally, when the Fund replaces a Sub-Adviser, the new Sub-Adviser may restructure the investment portfolio, which may increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate. The Sub-Advisers will not consider the portfolio turnover rate a limiting factor in making investment decisions for the Fund.

A high portfolio turnover rate (100% or more) is likely to involve higher brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which could reduce the Fund’s return. It also may result in higher short-term capital gains that are taxable to shareholders.

SMALL AND MID CAP INVESTMENTS. Investments in small and mid-capitalization companies involve greater risk and more abrupt or erratic price movements than investments in larger capitalization stocks. Among the reasons for the greater price volatility of these investments are the less certain growth or earnings prospects of smaller firms and the lower degree of liquidity in the markets for such securities. Small and mid-capitalization companies may be thinly traded and may have to be sold at a discount from current market prices or in small lots over an extended period of time. In addition, these securities are subject to the risk that during certain periods

 

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the liquidity of particular issuers or industries, or all securities in particular investment categories, will shrink or disappear suddenly and without warning as a result of adverse economic or market conditions, or adverse investor perceptions whether or not accurate. Because of the lack of sufficient market liquidity, a Fund may incur losses because it will be required to effect sales at a disadvantageous time and only then at a substantial drop in price. Small and mid-capitalization companies include “unseasoned” issuers that do not have an established financial history; often have limited product lines, markets or financial resources; may depend on or use a few key personnel for management or upon a small or inexperienced management group; and may be susceptible to losses and risks of bankruptcy. Small and mid-capitalization companies may be operating at a loss or have significant variations in operating results; may be engaged in a rapidly changing business with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence; may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, to finance expansion or to maintain their competitive position; and may have substantial borrowings or may otherwise have a weak financial condition. In addition, these companies may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater financial resources, more extensive development, manufacturing, marketing, and other capabilities, and a larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel.

Transaction costs for small and mid-capitalization investments are often higher than those of larger capitalization companies. Investments in small and mid-capitalization companies may be more difficult to price precisely than other types of securities because of their characteristics and lower trading volumes. As a result, their performance can be more volatile and they may face a greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility of the Fund’s investments. Securities of small companies may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable a Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price.

TECHNOLOGY SECURITIES RISK. Investments in technology securities present special risk considerations. Technology companies may produce or use products or services that prove commercially unsuccessful, become obsolete or become adversely impacted by government regulation. Competitive pressures in the technology industry may affect negatively the financial condition of technology companies, and a substantial investment in technology securities may subject the Fund to more volatile price movements than a more diversified securities portfolio. In certain instances, technology securities may experience significant price movements caused by disproportionate investor optimism or pessimism with little or no basis in fundamental economic conditions. As a result of these and other reasons, investments in the technology industry can experience sudden and rapid appreciation and depreciation.

In addition, the Fund may make substantial investments in companies that develop or sell computer hardware or software and peripheral products, including computer components, which present additional risks. These companies are often dependent on the existence and health of other products or industries and face highly competitive pressures, product licensing, trademark and patent uncertainties and rapid technological changes which may have a significant effect on their financial condition. For example, an increasing number of companies and new product offerings can lead to price cuts and slower selling cycles, and many of these companies may be dependent on the success of a principal product, may rely on sole source providers and third-party manufacturers, and may experience difficulties in managing growth.

 

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ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES AND COMMON INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES

This section explores various other investment securities and techniques that the Sub-Advisers may use.

BORROWINGS AND REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Fund may borrow money and enter into reverse repurchase agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by the Fund subject to the Fund’s agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price (including interest).

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Fund may borrow and enter into reverse repurchase agreements in amounts not exceeding one-fourth of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed). The Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements when the Investment Adviser or Sub-Advisers expects that the interest income to be earned from the investment of the transaction proceeds will be greater than the related interest expense.

SPECIAL RISKS. Borrowings and reverse repurchase agreements involve leveraging. If the securities held by the Fund decline in value while these transactions are outstanding, the NAV of the Fund’s outstanding shares will decline in value by proportionately more than the decline in value of the securities. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements involve the risks that (a) the interest income earned by the Fund (from the investment of the proceeds) will be less than the interest expense of the transaction; (b) the market value of the securities sold by the Fund will decline below the price the Fund is obligated to pay to repurchase the securities; and (c) the securities may not be returned to the Fund.

FOREIGN INVESTMENTS. Foreign securities include dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers. Foreign securities also include indirect investments such as American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”). ADRs are U.S. dollar-denominated receipts representing shares of foreign-based corporations. ADRs are receipts that are traded in the United States, and entitle the holder to all dividend and capital gain distributions that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares. Foreign government obligations may include debt obligations of supranational entities, including international organizations (such as The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, also known as the World Bank) and international banking institutions and related government agencies.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Although it invests primarily in the securities of U.S. issuers, the Fund is permitted to invest up to 10% of its total assets in foreign securities including ADRs. The Fund also may invest in foreign time deposits and other short-term instruments.

GENERAL. Foreign securities involve special risks and costs, which are considered by the Sub-Advisers in evaluating the creditworthiness of issuers and making investment decisions for the Fund. Foreign securities fluctuate in price because of political, financial, social and economic events in foreign countries. A foreign security could also lose value because of more or less stringent foreign securities regulations and less stringent accounting and disclosure standards. In addition, foreign markets may have greater volatility than domestic markets and foreign securities may be less liquid and harder to value than domestic securities.

Foreign securities, and in particular foreign debt securities, are sensitive to changes in interest rates. In addition, investment in the securities of foreign governments involves the risk that foreign governments may default on their obligations or may otherwise not respect the integrity of their obligations. Additionally, many countries throughout the world are dependent on a healthy U.S. economy and are adversely affected when the U.S. economy weakens or its markets decline. For example, the recent decline in the U.S. subprime mortgage market quickly spread throughout global credit markets, triggering a liquidity crisis that affected fixed-income and equity markets around the world.

Foreign investments also may involve risks associated with less complete financial information about the issuers, less market liquidity, more market volatility and political instability. Future political and economic developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes on dividend income, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign holdings, the possible establishment of exchange controls or freezes on the convertibility of currency, or the adoption of other governmental restrictions might adversely affect an investment in foreign securities.

The Fund’s assets may be concentrated in countries located in the same geographic region. This concentration will subject the Fund to risks associated with that particular region, such as general and local economic, political and social conditions.

FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED OPTIONS. A futures contract is a type of derivative instrument that obligates the holder to buy or sell a specified financial instrument or currency in the future at an agreed upon price. For example, a futures contract may obligate the Fund, at maturity, to take or make delivery of certain domestic or foreign securities, the cash value of a securities index or a stated quantity of a foreign currency. When the Fund purchases an option on a futures contract, it has the right to assume a position as a purchaser or seller of a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the option period. When the Fund sells an option on a futures contract, it becomes obligated to purchase or sell a futures contract if the option is exercised.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Fund may invest in futures contracts and options on futures contracts on domestic or foreign exchanges or boards of trade. The Fund may use these investments for hedging purposes, in anticipation of the purchase of securities and for liquidity management purposes but not for speculative purposes or to seek to enhance total return.

SPECIAL RISKS. Futures contracts and options present the following risks: imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the Fund’s securities and the price of futures contracts and options; the possible inability to close a futures contract when desired; losses due to unanticipated market movements which potentially are unlimited; and the possible inability of the Investment Adviser to correctly predict the direction of securities prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors. Futures markets are highly volatile and the use of futures may increase the volatility of the Fund’s NAV. As a result of the low margin deposits normally required in futures trading, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in substantial losses to the Fund. Futures contracts and options on futures may be illiquid, and exchanges may limit fluctuations in futures contract prices during a single day. Foreign exchanges or boards of trade generally do not offer the same protections as U.S. exchanges.

ILLIQUID OR RESTRICTED SECURITIES. Illiquid securities include repurchase agreements and time deposits with notice/termination dates of more than seven days, certain variable amount master demand notes that cannot be called within seven days, certain insurance funding agreements (see “Insurance Funding Agreements” below) certain unlisted over-the-counter options and other securities that are traded in the U.S. but are subject to trading restrictions because they are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), and both foreign and domestic securities that are not readily marketable.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in securities that are illiquid. If otherwise consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Fund may purchase commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act and securities that are not registered under the 1933 Act but can be sold to “qualified institutional buyers” in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act (“Rule 144A Securities”). These securities will not be considered illiquid so long as the Investment Adviser or Sub-Advisers determine, under guidelines approved by the Northern Multi-Manager Funds’ Board of Trustees, that an adequate trading market exists.

SPECIAL RISKS. Because illiquid and restricted securities may be difficult to sell at an acceptable price, they may be subject to greater volatility and may result in a loss to the Fund. The practice of investing in Rule 144A Securities could increase the level of the Fund’s illiquidity during any period that qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in purchasing these securities. Securities purchased by the Fund that are liquid at the time of purchase may subsequently become illiquid due to events relating to the issuer of the securities, market events, economic conditions and/or investor perception.

INTERFUND BORROWING AND LENDING. The SEC has granted an exemption permitting the Fund to participate in an interfund borrowing and lending program. This interfund borrowing and lending program allows the Fund to borrow money from other funds in the Trust and other affiliated portfolios of Northern Institutional Funds (each a “Portfolio”, and together the “Portfolios”) and to lend money to other funds in the Trust, for temporary or emergency purposes. Northern Trust Investments, Inc. is the Investment Adviser to the Fund and the investment adviser to the Portfolios. The interfund borrowing and lending program is subject to a number of conditions, including, among other things, the requirements that (1) a Fund may not borrow or lend money through the program unless it receives

 

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or provides an equal or lower interest rate than is available from a bank for a comparable transaction; (2) loans will be secured on an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of collateral to loan value as any outstanding bank loan that requires collateral; (3) loans will have a maturity no longer than that of any outstanding bank loan (and in any event not over seven days); (4) if an event of default occurs under any agreement evidencing an outstanding bank loan to the Fund, the event of default will automatically (without need for action or notice by the lending fund or Portfolio) constitute an immediate event of default under the interfund lending agreement entitling the lending fund or Portfolio to call the interfund loan (and exercise all rights with respect to any collateral) and that such call will be made if the bank exercises its right to call its loan under its agreement with the Fund; (5) the Fund may not borrow money if the loan would cause its outstanding borrowings from all sources to exceed 10% of its net assets at the time of the loan, except that the Fund may borrow up to 33 1/3% of its total assets through the program or from other sources if each interfund loan is secured by the pledge of segregated collateral with a market value of at least 102% of the outstanding principal value of the loan; (6) a Fund may not loan money if the loan would cause its aggregate outstanding loans through the program to exceed 15% of its net assets at the time of the loan; (7) a Fund’s interfund loans to any one fund shall not exceed 5% of the Fund’s net assets; and (8) the Fund’s borrowings through the program will not exceed the greater of 125% of the Fund’s total net cash redemptions or 102% of the Fund’s sales fails (when a sale of securities “fails,” due to circumstances beyond the Fund’s control) for the preceding seven calendar days as measured at the time of the loan. In addition, the Fund may participate in the interfund borrowing and lending program only if and to the extent that such participation is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies. The Board of Trustees of the Trust is responsible for overseeing the interfund borrowing and lending program. A delay in repayment to a lending Fund could result in a lost investment opportunity or additional lending costs.

LARGE SHAREHOLDER PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION RISK. The Fund may experience adverse effects when certain large shareholders purchase or redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund. Such large shareholder redemptions may cause the Fund to sell its securities at times when it would not otherwise do so, which may negatively impact the Fund’s NAV and liquidity. In addition, a large redemption could result in the Fund’s current expenses being allocated over a smaller asset base, leading to an increase in the Fund’s expense ratio. Similarly, large share purchases may adversely affect the Fund’s performance to the extent that the Fund is delayed in investing new cash and are required to maintain a larger cash position than it ordinarily would.

LENDING OF SECURITIES. In order to generate additional income, the Fund may lend securities to banks, brokers and dealers or other qualified institutions. In exchange, the Fund will receive collateral equal to at least 100% of the value of the securities loaned.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Securities lending may represent no more than one-third of the value of the Fund’s total assets (including the loan collateral). Any cash collateral received by the Fund in connection with these loans may be invested in a variety of short-term investments, either directly or indirectly through money market portfolios. Loan collateral (including any investment of the collateral) is not included in the calculation of the percentage limitations described elsewhere in this Prospectus regarding the Fund’s investments in particular types of securities.

SPECIAL RISKS. A principal risk when lending portfolio securities is that the borrower might become insolvent or refuse to honor its obligation to return the securities. In this event, the Fund could experience delays in recovering its securities and possibly may incur a capital loss. The Fund will be responsible for any loss that might result from its investment of the cash collateral it receives from a borrower. Additionally, the amount of the Fund’s distributions that qualify for taxation at reduced long-term capital gains rates for individuals, as well as the amount of the Fund’s distributions that qualify for the dividends received deduction available to corporate shareholders (together, “qualifying dividends”), may be reduced as a result of the Fund’s securities lending activities. This is because any dividends paid on securities while on loan will not be deemed to have been received by the Fund, and the equivalent amount paid to the Fund by the borrower of the securities will not be deemed to be a qualifying dividend.

REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS. REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in either real estate or real estate related loans.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Fund may invest in REITs to the extent consistent with its respective investment objective and strategies.

SPECIAL RISKS. The value of a REIT is affected by changes in the value of the properties owned by the REIT or securing mortgage loans held by the REIT. REITs are dependent upon cash flow from their investments to repay financing costs and the ability of a REIT’s manager. REITs also are subject to risks generally associated with investments in real estate. These risks include: changes in the value of real estate properties and difficulties in valuing and trading real estate; risks related to general and local economic conditions; overbuilding and increased competition; increases in property taxes and operating expenses; changes in zoning laws; casualty and condemnation losses; variations in rental income; changes in the appeal of property to tenants; tenant bankruptcies and other credit problems; and changes in interest rates. To the extent that assets underlying a REIT are concentrated geographically, by property type or in certain other respects, these risks may be heightened. A Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any expenses, including management fees, paid by a REIT in which it invests.

REITs are subject to a highly technical and complex set of provisions in the Code. It is possible that a Fund may invest in a real estate company that purports to be a REIT and that the company could fail to qualify as a REIT. In the event of any such unexpected failure to qualify as a REIT, the company would be subject to corporate-level taxation, significantly reducing the return to the Fund on its investment in such company. REITs could possibly fail to qualify for tax free pass-through of income under the Code, or to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower’s or a lessee’s ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments.

 

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In addition, the value of such securities may fluctuate in response to the market’s perception of the creditworthiness of the issuers of mortgage-related securities owned by a Fund. Because investments in mortgage-related securities are interest sensitive, the ability of the issuer to reinvest or to reinvest favorably in underlying mortgages may be limited by government regulation or tax policy. For example, action by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to limit the growth of the nation’s money supply may cause interest rates to rise and thereby reduce the volume of new residential mortgages. Additionally, although mortgages and mortgage-related securities are generally supported by some form of government or private guarantees and/or insurance, there is no assurance that private guarantors or insurers will be able to meet their obligation.

REAL ESTATE SECURITIES. The Fund’s investment in real estate securities presents special risk considerations.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Fund may invest in real estate securities to the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies.

SPECIAL RISKS. The performance of real estate securities may be significantly impacted by the performance of real estate markets. Property values may fall due to increasing vacancies or declining rents resulting from economic, legal, cultural or technological developments. The price of real estate company shares also may drop because of the failure of borrowers to pay their loans and poor management. Many real estate companies utilize leverage, which increases investment risk and could adversely affect a company’s operations and market value in periods of rising interest rates as well as risks normally associated with debt financing. Real property investments are subject to varying degrees of risk. The yields available from investments in real estate depend on the amount of income and capital appreciation generated by the related properties. Income and real estate values may also be adversely affected by such factors as applicable domestic and foreign laws (e.g., Americans with Disabilities Act and tax laws), interest rate levels and the availability of financing. If the properties do not generate sufficient income to meet operating expenses, including, where applicable, debt service, ground lease payments, tenant improvements, third-party leasing commissions and other capital expenditures, the income and ability of the real estate company to make payments of any interest and principal on its debt securities will be adversely affected. In addition, real property may be subject to the quality of credit extended and defaults by borrowers and tenants. The performance of the economy in each of the countries and regions in which the real estate owned by a Fund is located affects occupancy, market rental rates and expenses and, consequently, has an impact on the income from such properties and their underlying values. The financial results of major local employers also may have an impact on the cash flow and value of certain properties. In addition, real estate investments are relatively illiquid and, therefore, the ability of real estate companies to vary their portfolios promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions is limited. A real estate company such as a REIT may also have joint venture investments in certain of its properties and, consequently, its ability to control decisions relating to such properties may be limited.

REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. Repurchase agreements involve the purchase of securities by the Fund subject to the seller’s agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with domestic and foreign financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers that are deemed to be creditworthy by the Investment Adviser or Sub-Advisers. Although the securities subject to a repurchase agreement may have maturities exceeding one year, settlement of the agreement will never occur more than one year after the Fund acquires the securities.

SPECIAL RISKS. In the event of a default, the Fund will suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from the sale of the underlying securities and other collateral are less than the repurchase price and the Fund’s costs associated with delay and enforcement of the repurchase agreement. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, the Fund could suffer additional losses if a court determines that the Fund’s interest in the collateral is unenforceable by the Fund. The Fund intends to enter into transactions with counterparties that are creditworthy at the time of the transactions. There is always the risk that the Investment Adviser’s analysis of creditworthiness is incorrect or may change due to market conditions. To the extent that the Fund focuses its transactions with a limited number of counterparties, it will be more susceptible to the risks associated with one or more counterparties.

With respect to collateral received in repurchase transactions or other investments, the Fund may have significant exposure to the financial services and mortgage markets. Such exposure, depending on market conditions, could have a negative impact on the Fund, including minimizing the value of any collateral.

TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS. The Fund temporarily may hold cash and/or invest in short-term obligations including U.S. government obligations, high quality money market instruments (including commercial paper and obligations of foreign and domestic banks such as certificates of deposit, bank and deposit notes, bankers’ acceptances and fixed time deposits), and repurchase agreements with maturities of 13 months or less.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Fund temporarily may hold cash or invest all or any portion of its assets in short-term obligations pending investment, to meet anticipated redemption requests or to manage a reallocation of assets to a Sub-Adviser. The Fund also may hold cash or invest in short-term obligations as a temporary measure mainly designed to limit the Fund’s losses in response to adverse market, economic or other conditions when the Sub-Advisers believe that it is in the best interest of the Fund to pursue such a defensive strategy. The Sub-Advisers may, however, choose not to make such temporary investments even in very volatile or adverse conditions.

SPECIAL RISKS. The Fund may not achieve its investment objective when it holds cash or invests its assets in short-term obligations or otherwise makes temporary investments. The Fund also may miss investment opportunities and have a lower total return during these periods.

 

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WARRANTS. A warrant represents the right to purchase a security at a predetermined price for a specified period of time.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Fund may invest in warrants and similar rights to the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies. The Fund also may purchase bonds that are issued in tandem with warrants.

SPECIAL RISKS. Warrants are derivative instruments that present risks similar to options.

Additionally, the Fund may purchase other types of securities or instruments similar to those described in these sections if otherwise consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and strategies. You should carefully consider the risks discussed in these sections before investing in the Fund.

The Fund may invest in other securities and are subject to further restrictions and risks that are described in the SAI. Additional information about the Fund, its investments and related risks can also be found in “Investment Objective and Strategies” in the SAI.

 

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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

There are no financial highlights for the Fund because it had not commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus.

 

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FOR MORE INFORMATION

 

ANNUAL/SEMIANNUAL REPORTS AND STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Additional information about the Fund’s investments will be available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. Once the Fund’s annual report is available, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during first fiscal year.

Additional information about the Fund and its policies also is available in the Fund’s SAI. The SAI is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus (and is legally considered part of this Prospectus).

The Fund’s annual and semiannual reports will be and the SAI is available free upon request by calling the Northern Funds Center at 800-595-9111 or by sending an email request to: northern-funds@ntrs.com. The SAI and other information are available from a financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank) through which the Fund’s shares may be purchased or sold.

TO OBTAIN OTHER INFORMATION AND FOR SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES:

 

BY TELEPHONE

Call 800-595-9111

 

BY MAIL

Northern Funds

P.O. Box 75986

Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986

 

ON THE INTERNET

The Fund’s documents are available online and may be downloaded from:

 

¡  

The EDGAR database on the SEC’s web site at sec.gov (text-only).

 

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Northern Funds’ web site at www.northernfunds.com.

You may review and obtain copies of Northern Funds’ documents by visiting the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. You also may obtain copies of Northern Funds’ documents by sending your request and a duplicating fee to the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520 or by electronic request to: publicinfo@sec.gov. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 202-551-8090.

 

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Preliminary Statement of Additional Information dated March 10, 2016

Subject to Completion

The information in the statement of additional information is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This statement of additional information is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PART B

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

ACTIVE M U.S. EQUITY FUND ([            ])

NORTHERN FUNDS

(THE “TRUST”)

This Statement of Additional Information dated [            ], 2016 (the “SAI”) is not a prospectus. This SAI should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus dated [            ], 2016, as amended or supplemented from time to time, for the Active M U.S. Equity Fund (the “Fund”) of Northern Funds (the “Prospectus”). Copies of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge from The Northern Trust Company (the “Transfer Agent”) by writing to the Northern Funds Center, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986 or by calling 800-595-9111. Capitalized terms not otherwise defined have the same meaning as in the Prospectus.

NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS NOT CONTAINED IN THIS SAI OR IN THE PROSPECTUS IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERING MADE BY THE PROSPECTUS AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE TRUST OR ITS DISTRIBUTOR. THE PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFERING BY THE TRUST OR BY THE DISTRIBUTOR IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH SUCH OFFERING MAY NOT LAWFULLY BE MADE.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), any other government agency or The Northern Trust Company (“TNTC”), its affiliates, subsidiaries or any other bank. An investment in the Fund involves investment risks, including possible loss of principal.

 

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INDEX

 

     Page  

ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT INFORMATION

     3   

Classification And History

     3   

Investment Objective and Strategies

     3   

Investment Restrictions

     17   

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

     20   

ADDITIONAL TRUST INFORMATION

     22   

Trustees and Officers

     22   

Leadership Structure

     28   

Risk Oversight

     28   

Trustee Experience

     29   

Standing Board Committees

     31   

Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares

     33   

Trustee and Officer Compensation

     33   

Code of Ethics

     35   

Investment Adviser, Sub-Advisers, Transfer Agent and Custodian

     35   

Portfolio Managers

     42   

Proxy Voting

     51   

Administrator and Distributor

     53   

Service Organizations

     54   

Counsel and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     54   

In-Kind Purchases and Redemptions

     55   

Redemption Fees and Requirements

     55   

Automatic Investing Plan

     55   

Directed Reinvestments

     55   

Redemptions and Exchanges

     56   

Retirement Plans

     56   

Expenses

     56   

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

     57   

General Information

     60   

NET ASSET VALUE

     62   

TAXES

     64   

Federal—General Information

     64   

State and Local Taxes

     65   

Foreign Taxes

  

Taxation of Income From Certain Financial Instruments and PFICs

  

DESCRIPTION OF SHARES

     67   

OTHER INFORMATION

     71   

APPENDIX A

     A-1   

APPENDIX B

     B-1   

 

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ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT INFORMATION

CLASSIFICATION AND HISTORY

Northern Funds (the “Trust”) is an open-end management investment company. The Fund is classified as diversified under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

The Fund is a series of the Trust that was formed as a Delaware statutory trust on February 7, 2000 under an Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the “Trust Agreement”). The Trust also offers other funds, including additional multi-manager funds and asset allocation, equity, equity index, fixed income and money market funds, which are not described in this SAI.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND STRATEGIES

The following supplements the investment objective, strategies and risks of the Fund as set forth in the Prospectus. The investment objective of the Fund may be changed by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) without shareholder approval. Except as expressly noted below, the Fund’s investment strategies may be changed without shareholder approval. In addition to the instruments discussed below and in the Prospectus, the Fund may purchase other types of financial instruments, however designated, whose investment and credit quality characteristics are determined by Northern Trust Investments, Inc. (“NTI” or the “Investment Adviser”) or any of the Sub-Advisers (as defined below), to be substantially similar to those of any other investment otherwise permitted by the Fund’s investment strategies.

To the extent required by Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regulations, shareholders of the Fund will be provided with 60 days’ notice in the manner prescribed by the SEC before any change in the Fund’s policy stated in the Prospectus to invest at least 80% of its net assets in common stock of U.S. based companies.

Active M U.S. Equity Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation through a diversified portfolio of primarily U.S. equity securities. Any income received is incidental to this objective. In seeking long-term capital appreciation, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities of U.S. based companies. Companies are considered to be U.S. based if they are domiciled in the United States. In addition, the Fund may invest from time to time in other U.S. and foreign equity securities, including preferred stocks.

MULTI-MANAGER STRUCTURE

The Fund is managed by the Investment Adviser and one or more asset managers who are unaffiliated with the Investment Adviser (each a “Sub-Adviser” and together, the “Sub-Advisers”). Subject to review by the Trust’s Board, the Investment Adviser is responsible for selecting the Fund’s investment strategies and for allocating and reallocating assets among the Sub-Advisers consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and strategies. The Investment Adviser is also responsible for recommending to the Board whether an agreement with a Sub-Adviser should be approved, renewed, modified or terminated and for monitoring and evaluating the Sub-Advisers. The Investment Adviser is also responsible for implementing procedures to ensure that each Sub-Adviser complies with the Fund’s investment objective, strategies and restrictions.

AMERICAN DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS (“ADRs”). To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Fund may invest in ADRs. ADRs are receipts that are traded in the United States evidencing ownership of the underlying foreign securities and are denominated in U.S. dollars. Some institutions issuing ADRs may not be sponsored by the issuer.

 

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A non-sponsored depository may not provide the same shareholder information that a sponsored depository is required to provide under its contractual arrangement with the issuer.

CALCULATION OF PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE. The portfolio turnover rate for the Fund is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio investments for the reporting period by the monthly average value of the portfolio investments owned during the reporting period. The calculation excludes all securities, including options, whose maturities or expiration dates at the time of acquisition are one year or less. Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year as well as within a particular year, and may be affected by changes in the holdings of specific issuers, changes in country and currency weightings, cash requirements for redemption of shares and by requirements which enable the Fund to receive favorable tax treatment.

The Fund is not restricted by policy with regard to portfolio turnover and will make changes in its investment portfolio from time to time as business and economic conditions as well as market prices may dictate. The portfolio turnover rate for the Fund is likely to be higher than those of funds with a single investment manager.

COMMERCIAL PAPER, BANKERS’ ACCEPTANCES, CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT, TIME DEPOSITS AND BANK NOTES. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Fund may invest in commercial paper. Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by banks or bank holding companies, corporations and finance companies. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties that vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party. Bank notes generally rank junior to deposit liabilities of banks and pari passu with other senior, unsecured obligations of the bank. Bank notes are classified as “other borrowings” on a bank’s balance sheet, while deposit notes and certificates of deposit are classified as deposits. Bank notes are not insured by the FDIC or any other insurer. Deposit notes are insured by the FDIC only to the extent of $250,000 per depositor per bank.

The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in the obligations of foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks. Such obligations include Eurodollar Certificates of Deposit (“ECDs”), which are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit issued by offices of foreign and domestic banks located outside the United States; Eurodollar Time Deposits (“ETDs”), which are U.S. dollar-denominated deposits in a foreign branch of a U.S. bank or a foreign bank; Canadian Time Deposits (“CTDs”), which are essentially the same as ETDs except they are issued by Canadian offices of major Canadian banks; Schedule Bs, which are obligations issued by Canadian branches of foreign or domestic banks; Yankee Certificates of Deposit (“Yankee CDs”), which are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit issued by a U.S. branch of a foreign bank and held in the United States; and Yankee Bankers’ Acceptances (“Yankee BAs”), which are U.S. dollar-denominated bankers’ acceptances issued by a U.S. branch of a foreign bank and held in the United States.

Commercial paper purchased by the Fund may include asset-backed commercial paper. Asset-backed commercial paper is issued by a special purpose entity (“SPE”) that is organized to issue the commercial paper and to purchase trade receivables or other financial assets. The credit quality of asset-backed commercial paper depends primarily on the quality of these assets and the level of any additional credit support.

 

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CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Fund may invest in convertible securities. Convertible securities entitle the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible securities mature or are redeemed, converted or exchanged. Prior to conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to ordinary debt securities in that they normally provide a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than those of common stock of the same or similar issuers. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure and, therefore, generally entail less risk than the corporation’s common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed-income security.

In selecting convertible securities, the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers may consider, among other factors: an evaluation of the creditworthiness of the issuers of the securities; the interest or dividend income generated by the securities; the potential for capital appreciation of the securities and the underlying common stocks; the prices of the securities relative to other comparable securities and to the underlying common stocks; whether the securities are entitled to the benefits of sinking funds or other protective conditions; diversification of portfolio securities as to issuers; and whether the securities are rated by a rating agency and, if so, the ratings assigned.

The value of convertible securities is a function of their investment value (determined by yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege) and their conversion value (their worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of convertible securities is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline, and by the credit standing of the issuer and other factors. The conversion value of convertible securities is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible securities is governed principally by their investment value. To the extent the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible securities will be increasingly influenced by their conversion value. In addition, convertible securities generally sell at a premium over their conversion value determined by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding fixed-income securities.

Capital appreciation for the Fund may result from an improvement in the credit standing of an issuer whose securities are held in the Fund or from a general lowering of interest rates, or a combination of both. Conversely, a reduction in the credit standing of an issuer whose securities are held by the Fund or a general increase in interest rates may be expected to result in capital depreciation to the Fund.

In general, investments in lower quality convertible securities are subject to a significant risk of a change in the credit rating or financial condition of the issuing entity. Investments in convertible securities of medium or lower quality also are likely to be subject to greater market fluctuation and to greater risk of loss of income and principal due to default than investments of higher quality fixed-income securities. Such lower quality securities generally tend to reflect short-term corporate and market developments to a greater extent than higher quality securities, which react more to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. By investing in convertible securities, the Fund generally will seek to reduce risk to the investor by diversification, credit analysis and attention to current developments in trends of both the economy and financial markets. However, while diversification reduces the effect on the Fund of any single investment, it does not reduce the overall risk of investing in lower quality securities.

 

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CUSTODIAL RECEIPTS FOR TREASURY SECURITIES. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Fund may acquire U.S. government obligations and their unmatured interest coupons that have been separated (“stripped”) by their holder, typically a custodian bank or investment brokerage firm. Having separated the interest coupons from the underlying principal of the U.S. government obligations, the holder will resell the stripped securities in custodial receipt programs with a number of different names, such as TIGRS (Treasury Income Growth Receipts) and CATS (Certificates of Accrual on Treasury Securities). The stripped coupons are sold separately from the underlying principal, which usually is sold at a deep discount because the buyer receives only the right to receive a future fixed payment on the security and does not receive any rights to periodic interest (cash) payments. The underlying U.S. Treasury bonds and notes themselves are held in book-entry form at the Federal Reserve Bank or, in the case of bearer securities (i.e., unregistered securities which are ostensibly owned by the bearer or holder), in trust on behalf of the owners. Counsel to the underwriters of these certificates or other evidences of ownership of U.S. Treasury securities have stated that, in their opinion, purchasers of the stripped securities most likely will be deemed the beneficial holders of the underlying U.S. government obligations for federal tax purposes. The Trust is unaware of any binding legislative, judicial or administrative authority on this issue.

FOREIGN INVESTMENTS—GENERAL. To the extent consistent with its investment objectives and policies, the Fund may invest in foreign securities, including bonds and other fixed-income securities of foreign issuers. Foreign fixed-income securities may include eurodollar convertible securities, which are fixed-income securities that are issued in U.S. dollars outside the United States and are convertible into or exchangeable for equity securities of the same or a different issuer.

Investment in foreign securities involves special risks. These include market risk, interest rate risk and the risks of investing in securities of foreign issuers and of companies whose securities are principally traded outside the United States on foreign exchanges or foreign over-the-counter markets and in investments denominated in foreign currencies. Market risk involves the possibility that security prices will decline over short or even extended periods. The markets tend to be cyclical, with periods of generally rising prices and periods of generally declining prices. These cycles will affect the value of the Fund to the extent that it invests in foreign securities. The holdings of the Fund, to the extent that it invests in fixed income securities, will be sensitive to changes in interest rates and the interest rate environment.

 

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There are other risks and costs involved in investing in foreign securities which are in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic investments. Foreign investments also involve risks associated with less complete financial information about the issuers, less market liquidity, more market volatility and political instability. Future political and economic developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes on dividend income, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign holdings, the possible establishment of exchange controls, or the adoption of other governmental restrictions might adversely affect an investment in foreign securities. Additionally, many countries throughout the world are dependent on a healthy U.S. economy and are adversely affected when the U.S. economy weakens or its markets decline. For example, the decline in the U.S. subprime mortgage market quickly spread throughout global credit markets, triggering a liquidity crisis that affected fixed-income and equity markets around the world.

The Fund invests in foreign debt, including the securities of foreign governments. Several risks exist concerning such investments, including the risk that foreign governments may default on their obligations, may not respect the integrity of such debt, may attempt to renegotiate the debt at a lower rate, and may not honor investments by U.S. entities or citizens.

Dividends and interest payable on the Fund’s foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes. To the extent such taxes are not offset by credits or deductions allowed to investors under U.S. federal income tax law, they may reduce the net return to the shareholders. See “Taxes” on page 64.

 

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The Fund’s income and, in some cases, capital gains from foreign stocks and securities will be subject to applicable taxation in certain of the countries in which it invests, and treaties between the United States and such countries may not be available in some cases to reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates. See “Taxes” on page 64.

Share blocking refers to a practice in certain foreign markets under which an issuer’s securities are blocked from trading at the custodian or sub-custodian level for a specified number of days before and, in certain instances, after a shareholder meeting where a vote of shareholders takes place. The blocking period can last up to several weeks. Share blocking may prevent the Fund from buying or selling securities during this period, because during the time shares are blocked, trades in such securities will not settle. It may be difficult or impossible to lift blocking restrictions, with the particular requirements varying widely by country.

The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in the securities of issuers located in geographic regions with securities markets that are highly developed, liquid and subject to extensive regulation, including Japan. In recent years, Japan’s economic growth has been substantially below the level of earlier decades, and its economy has experienced periods of recession. Similar to many European countries, Japan is experiencing a deterioration of its competitiveness. Although Japan is attempting to reform its political process and deregulate its economy to address the situation, there is no guarantee that these efforts will succeed.

FORWARD COMMITMENTS, WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES AND DELAYED-DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment (sometimes called delayed delivery) basis. These transactions involve a commitment by the Fund to purchase or sell securities at a future date. The price of the underlying securities (usually expressed in terms of yield) and the date when the securities will be delivered and paid for (the settlement date) are fixed at the time the transaction is negotiated. When-issued purchases and forward commitment transactions normally are negotiated directly with the other party.

 

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The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis only with the intention of completing the transaction and actually purchasing or selling the securities. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, the Fund may dispose of or negotiate a commitment after entering into it. The Fund also may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. The Fund may realize a capital gain or loss in connection with these transactions.

When the Fund purchases securities on a when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment basis, the Fund will segregate liquid assets having a value (determined daily) at least equal to the amount of the Fund’s purchase commitments until three days prior to the settlement date, or will otherwise cover its position. These procedures are designed to ensure that the Fund will maintain sufficient assets at all times to cover its obligations under when-issued purchases, forward commitments and delayed-delivery transactions. For purposes of determining the Fund’s average dollar-weighted maturity, the maturity of when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment securities will be calculated from the commitment date.

FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED OPTIONS. The Fund may invest in futures contracts and may purchase and sell call and put options on futures contracts for hedging purposes, in anticipation of the purchase of securities or for liquidity management purposes.

The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) under the Commodity Exchange Act, and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under that Act with respect to the Fund. The Fund will engage in transactions in futures contracts and related options only to the extent such transactions are consistent with the requirement of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”) for maintaining their qualifications as regulated investment companies for federal income tax purposes. In February 2012, however, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) adopted certain regulatory changes that will subject the adviser of an investment company to registration with the CFTC as a CPO if the investment company is unable to comply with certain trading and marketing limitations. The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, is required to affirm the Fund’s CPO exclusion annually within 60 days of the start of the calendar year.

With respect to investments in swap transactions, commodity futures, commodity options or certain other derivatives used for purposes other than bona fide hedging purposes, an investment company must meet one of the following tests under the amended regulations in order to claim an exemption from being considered a “commodity pool” or a CPO. First, the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish an investment company’s positions in such investments may not exceed five percent (5%) of the liquidation value of the investment company’s portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such investments). Alternatively, the aggregate net notional value of such instruments, determined at the time of the most recent position established, may not exceed one hundred percent (100%) of the liquidation value of the investment company’s portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). In addition to meeting one of the foregoing trading limitations, the investment company may not market itself as a commodity pool or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in the commodity futures, commodity options or swaps and derivatives markets. In the event that the Investment Adviser was required to register as a CPO, the disclosure and operations of the Fund would need to comply with all applicable CFTC regulations. Compliance with these additional registration and regulatory requirements would increase operational expenses. Other potentially adverse regulatory initiatives could also develop. A related CFTC proposal to harmonize applicable CFTC and SEC regulations could, if adopted, mitigate certain disclosure and operational burdens if CPO registration were required.

 

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Participation in foreign futures and foreign options transactions involves the execution and clearing of trades on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of trade. Neither the National Futures Association (the “NFA”) nor any domestic exchange regulates activities of any foreign boards of trade, including the execution, delivery and clearing of transactions, or has the power to compel enforcement of the rules of a foreign board of trade or any applicable foreign law. This is true even if the exchange is formally linked to a domestic market so that a position taken on the market may be liquidated by a transaction on another market. Moreover, such laws or regulations will vary depending on the foreign country in which the foreign futures or foreign options transaction occurs. For these reasons, persons who trade foreign futures or foreign options contracts may not be afforded certain of the protective measures provided by the Commodity Exchange Act, the CFTC regulations and the rules of the NFA and any domestic exchange, including the right to use reparations proceedings before the CFTC and arbitration proceedings provided them by the NFA or any domestic futures exchange. In particular, a Fund’s investments in foreign futures or foreign options transactions may not be provided the same protections in respect of transactions on U.S. futures exchanges. In addition, the price of any foreign futures or foreign options contract and, therefore, the potential profit and loss thereon may be affected by any variance in the foreign exchange rate between the time an order is placed and the time it is liquidated, offset or exercised.

When used as a hedge, the Fund may sell a futures contract in order to offset a decrease in the market value of its portfolio securities that might otherwise result from a market decline or currency exchange fluctuations. The Fund may do so either to hedge the value of its portfolio securities as a whole, or to protect against declines, occurring prior to sales of securities, in the value of the securities to be sold. Conversely, the Fund may purchase a futures contract as a hedge in anticipation of the purchase of securities. In addition, the Fund may utilize futures contracts in anticipation of changes in the composition of its portfolio holdings.

In connection with the Fund’s position in a futures contract or related option, the Fund will segregate liquid assets or will otherwise cover its position in accordance with applicable SEC requirements.

For a further description of futures contracts and related options, see Appendix A to this SAI.

ILLIQUID OR RESTRICTED SECURITIES. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in securities that are illiquid. The Fund may purchase commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”) and securities that are not registered under the 1933 Act but can be sold to “qualified institutional buyers” in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. These securities will not be considered illiquid so long as the Investment Adviser or Sub-Advisers determine, under guidelines approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees, that an adequate trading market exists. This practice could increase the level of illiquidity during any period that qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in purchasing these securities.

INVESTMENT COMPANIES. With respect to the investments of the Fund in the securities of other affiliated and unaffiliated investment companies, such investments will be limited so that, as determined after a purchase is made, either: (a) not more than 3% of the total outstanding stock of such investment company will be owned by the Fund, the Trust as a whole and its affiliated persons (as defined in the 1940 Act); or (b) (i) not more than 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund will be invested in the securities of any one investment company, (ii) not more than 10% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the aggregate securities of investment companies as a group and (iii) not more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company will be owned by the Fund. Pursuant to an exemptive order, the limits will not apply to the investment of securities lending collateral by the Fund in certain investment portfolios advised by NTI. In addition, these limits will not apply to the investment of uninvested cash balances in shares of registered or unregistered money market funds whether affiliated or

 

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unaffiliated. The foregoing exemption, however, only applies to an unregistered money market fund that (i) limits its investments to those in which a money market fund may invest under Rule 2a-7 of the 1940 Act, and (ii) undertakes to comply with all the other provisions of Rule 2a-7.

The Fund may invest uninvested cash in the Diversified Assets Portfolio (the “Portfolio”) of Northern Institutional Funds, an investment company which is advised by NTI. The Portfolio seeks to maximize current income to the extent consistent with the preservation of capital and maintenance of liquidity by investing exclusively in high-quality money market instruments. The Portfolio and the Fund treats investments in the Portfolio as the purchase and redemption of the Portfolio’s shares. Any fund, including the Fund, investing in the Portfolio pursuant to the exemptive order participates equally on a pro rata basis in all income, capital gains and net assets of the Portfolio, and will have all rights and obligations of a shareholder, as provided in the Trust Agreement, including voting rights. In addition to the management, transfer agency and custody fees payable by the Fund to the Investment Adviser and/or its affiliates, if the Fund invests its uninvested cash in the Portfolio pursuant to the terms of the exemptive order, it will bear indirectly a proportionate share of the Portfolio’s operating expenses, which include the foregoing fees. Currently, the aggregate annual rate of management, transfer agency and custodial fees payable to the Investment Adviser and/or its affiliates on the uninvested cash invested in the Portfolio is 0.35%. Pursuant to the exemptive order, the Investment Adviser will reimburses each of the funds, including the Fund, when it invests in the Portfolio for a portion of the management fees attributable to advisory services otherwise payable by the Fund on any assets invested in the Portfolio. The exemptive order requires the Fund’s Board to determine before a vote on the Management Agreement (as defined on page 37) that the management fees incurred in connection with the investment of uninvested cash in affiliated money market funds are not for duplicative services.

Investments by the Fund in other investment companies, including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), will be subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act except as permitted by SEC orders. The Fund may rely on SEC orders that permit them to invest in certain ETFs beyond the limits contained in the 1940 Act, subject to certain terms and conditions. Generally, these terms and conditions require the Board to approve policies and procedures relating to certain of the Fund’s investments in ETFs. These policies and procedures require, among other things, that (i) the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers conduct the Fund’s investment in ETFs without regard to any consideration received by the Fund or any of its affiliated persons and (ii) the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers certify to the Board quarterly that they have not received any consideration in connection with an investment by the Fund in an ETF, or if it has, the amount and purpose of the consideration will be reported to the Board and an equivalent amount of advisory fees shall be waived by the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers.

Certain investment companies whose securities are purchased by the Fund may not be obligated to redeem such securities in an amount exceeding 1% of the investment company’s total outstanding securities during any period of less than 30 days. Therefore, such securities that exceed this amount may be illiquid.

If required by the 1940 Act, the Fund expects to vote the shares of other investment companies that are held by it in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of such securities.

To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Fund may invest all or substantially all of its assets in a single open-end investment company or series thereof with substantially the same investment objective, strategy and restrictions as the Fund. However, the Fund currently intends to limit its investments in securities issued by other investment companies to the extent described above. The Fund may adhere to other limitations with respect to its investments in securities issued by other investment companies if required or permitted by the SEC or deemed to be in the best interests of the Trust.

 

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As noted in the Prospectus, the Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies subject to the restrictions set forth above. The securities may include: iShares®, Standard & Poor’s Depositary Receipts® (“SPDRs”) and similar securities of other investment companies.

iShares are shares of an investment company that invests substantially all of its assets in securities included in specified indices, including the Morgan Stanley Capital International (“MSCI”) indices for various countries and regions. iShares are listed on a national securities exchange (an “exchange”), and were initially offered to the public in 1996. The market prices of iShares are expected to fluctuate in accordance with both changes in the NAVs of their underlying indices and supply and demand of iShares on the exchange on which they are listed. In addition, there is no assurance that the requirements of the exchange necessary to maintain the listing of iShares will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. In the event substantial market or other disruptions affecting iShares should occur in the future, the liquidity and value of the Fund’s shares also could be substantially and adversely affected, and the Fund’s ability to provide investment results approximating the performance of securities in a designated index could be impaired. If such disruptions were to occur, the Fund could be required to reconsider the use of iShares as part of its investment strategy.

SPDRs are interests in a unit investment trust (“UIT”) that may be obtained from the UIT or purchased in the secondary market (SPDRs are listed on an exchange). The UIT will issue SPDRs in aggregations known as “creation units” in exchange for a “portfolio deposit” consisting of (i) a portfolio of securities substantially similar to the component securities (“Index Securities”) of an underlying index, (ii) a cash payment equal to a pro rata portion of the dividends accrued on the UIT’s portfolio securities since the last dividend payment by the UIT, net of expenses and liabilities and (iii) a cash payment or credit (“Balancing Amount”) designed to equalize the NAV of an underlying index and the NAV of a portfolio deposit.

SPDRs are not individually redeemable, except upon termination of the UIT. To redeem, the Fund must accumulate enough SPDRs to reconstitute a creation unit. The liquidity of small holdings of SPDRs, therefore, will depend upon the existence of a secondary market. Upon redemption of a creation unit, the Fund will receive Index Securities and cash identical to the portfolio deposit required of an investor wishing to purchase a creation unit that day.

The price of SPDRs is derived from and based upon the securities held by the UIT. Accordingly, the level of risk involved in the purchase or sale of a SPDR is similar to the risk involved in the purchase or sale of traditional common stock, with the exception that the pricing mechanism for SPDRs is based on a basket of stocks. Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying SPDRs purchased or sold by the Fund could result in losses on SPDRs.

LENDING OF SECURITIES. In order to generate additional income, the Fund may lend securities to banks, brokers and dealers or other qualified institutions. In exchange, the Fund will receive collateral equal to at least 100% of the value of the securities loaned. Securities lending may represent no more than one-third of the value of the Fund’s total assets (including the loan collateral).

Collateral for loans of portfolio securities made by the Fund may consist of cash, cash equivalents, securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or irrevocable bank letters of credit (or any combination thereof). Any cash collateral received by the Fund in connection with these loans may be invested in a variety of short-term investments, either directly or indirectly through registered or unregistered money market funds. Loan collateral (including any investment of the collateral) is not included in the calculation of the percentage limitations described elsewhere in the Prospectus or SAI regarding the Fund’s investments in particular types of securities. The borrower of securities will be required to maintain the market value of the collateral at not less than the market value of the loaned securities, and such value will be monitored on a daily basis.

 

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When the Fund lends its securities, it continues to receive payments equal to the dividends and interest paid on the securities loaned and simultaneously may earn interest on the investment of the cash collateral. Investing the collateral subjects it to market depreciation or appreciation, and the Fund is responsible for any loss that may result from its investment in borrowed collateral. Additionally, the amount of the Fund’s distributions that qualify for taxation at reduced long-term capital gains rates for individuals, as well as the amount of the Fund’s distributions that qualify for the dividends received deduction available to corporate shareholders (together, “qualifying dividends”) may be reduced as a result of the Fund’s securities lending activities. This is because any dividends paid on securities while on loan will not be deemed to have been received by the Fund, and the equivalent amount paid to the Fund by the borrower of the securities will not be deemed to be a qualifying dividend.

The Fund will have the right to terminate a loan at any time and recall the loaned securities within the normal and customary settlement time for securities transactions. Although voting rights, or rights to consent, attendant to securities on loan pass to the borrower, such loans may be called so that the securities may be voted by the Fund if a material event affecting the investment is to occur. As with other extensions of credit there are risks of delay in recovering, or even loss of rights in, the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially.

Pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC concerning such arrangements, TNTC, an affiliate of the Investment Adviser, may render securities lending services to the Fund. For such services, TNTC would receive a percentage of securities lending revenue generated for the Fund. In addition, cash collateral received by the Fund in connection with a securities loan may be invested in shares of other registered or unregistered funds that pay investment advisory or other fees to NTI, TNTC or an affiliate.

MISCELLANEOUS. Securities may be purchased on margin only to obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities. The Fund may, however, make short sales against-the-box.

OPERATIONAL RISK. The Investment Adviser, Sub-Advisers and other Fund service providers may experience disruptions or operating errors that could negatively impact the Fund. While service providers are required to have appropriate operational risk management policies and procedures, their methods of operational risk management may differ from those of the Fund in the setting of priorities, the personnel and resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. The Investment Adviser, through its monitoring and oversight of service providers, seeks to ensure that service providers take appropriate precautions to avoid and mitigate risks that could lead to disruptions and operating errors. However, it is not possible for the Investment Adviser or other Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects.

 

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REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Fund may invest in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs are pooled investment vehicles which invest primarily in real estate or real estate related loans. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Equity REITs may further be categorized by the type of real estate securities they own, such as apartment properties, retail shopping centers, office and industrial properties, hotels, healthcare facilities, manufactured housing and mixed property types. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. Hybrid REITs combine the characteristics of both equity and mortgage REITs. Like regulated investment companies such as the Fund, REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with certain requirements under the Code. The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any expenses paid by REITs in which it invests in addition to the expenses paid by the Fund.

Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by such REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the

 

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quality of any credit extended. REITs are dependent upon management skills, are not diversified (except to the extent the Code requires), and are subject to the risks of financing projects. REITs are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers, self-liquidation, and the possibilities of failing to qualify for the exemption from tax for distributed income under the Code and failing to maintain their exemptions from the 1940 Act. REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks. Investing in REITs also involves risks similar to those associated with investing in small capitalization companies. That is, they may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume and may be subject to abrupt or erratic price movements in comparison to larger capitalization companies.

In addition, the value of such securities may fluctuate in response to the market’s perception of the creditworthiness of the issuers of mortgage-related securities owned by the Fund. Because investments in mortgage-related securities are interest sensitive, the ability of the issuer to reinvest or to reinvest favorably in underlying mortgages may be limited by government regulation or tax policy. For example, action by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to limit the growth of the nation’s money supply may cause interest rates to rise and thereby reduce the volume of new residential mortgages. Additionally, although mortgages and mortgage-related securities are generally supported by some form of government or private guarantees and/or insurance, there is no assurance that private guarantors or insurers will be able to meet their obligation.

REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Fund may agree to purchase portfolio securities from foreign and domestic financial institutions subject to the seller’s agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price (“repurchase agreements”). Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans under the 1940 Act. Although the securities subject to a repurchase agreement may bear maturities exceeding one year, settlement for the repurchase agreement will never be more than one year after the Fund’s acquisition of the securities and normally will be within a shorter period of time. Securities subject to repurchase agreements normally are held either by the Trust’s custodian or subcustodian (if any), or in the Federal Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System. The seller under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the securities subject to the agreement in an amount exceeding the repurchase price (including accrued interest). Default by the seller would, however, expose the Fund to possible loss because of adverse market action or delay in connection with the disposition of the underlying obligations. In addition, in the event of a bankruptcy, the Fund could suffer additional losses if a court determines that the Fund’s interest in the collateral is unenforceable.

REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Fund may borrow funds by selling portfolio securities to financial institutions such as banks and broker/dealers and agreeing to repurchase them at a mutually specified date and price (“reverse repurchase agreements”). The Fund may use the proceeds of reverse repurchase agreements to purchase other securities either maturing, or under an agreement to resell, on a date simultaneous with or prior to the expiration of the reverse repurchase agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings under the 1940 Act. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold by the Fund may decline below the repurchase price. The Fund will pay interest on amounts obtained pursuant to a reverse repurchase agreement. While reverse repurchase agreements are outstanding, the Fund will segregate liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the market value of the securities, plus accrued interest, subject to the agreement.

RISKS RELATED TO SMALL AND MID CAP COMPANY SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in small and mid cap company securities. Small and mid cap companies often have narrower markets and more limited managerial and financial resources than larger, more established companies and may have a greater sensitivity to changing economic conditions. Smaller and mid cap companies also face a greater risk of business failure. As a result, their performance can be more volatile, which would increase the volatility of the Fund’s portfolio. Generally, the smaller the company size, the greater these risks.

 

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The values of small and mid cap company stocks will frequently fluctuate independently of the values of larger company stocks. Small and mid cap company stocks may decline in price as large company stock prices rise, or rise in price as large company stock prices decline. You should, therefore, expect that the NAV of the Fund’s shares will be more volatile than, and may fluctuate independently of, broad stock market indices such as the S&P 500® Index.

The additional costs associated with the acquisition of small and mid cap company stocks include brokerage costs, market impact costs (that is, the increase in market prices which may result when the Fund purchases thinly traded stock) and the effect of the “bid-ask” spread in small and mid cap company stocks. These costs will be borne by all shareholders and may negatively impact investment performance.

SUPRANATIONAL BANK OBLIGATIONS. The Fund, to the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, may invest in obligations of supranational banks. Supranational banks are international banking institutions designed or supported by national governments to promote economic reconstruction, development or trade among nations (e.g., the World Bank). Obligations of supranational banks may be supported by appropriated but unpaid commitments of their member countries and there is no assurance that these commitments will be undertaken or met in the future.

U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS. Examples of the types of U.S. government obligations that may be acquired by the Fund include U.S. Treasury Bills, Treasury Notes and Treasury Bonds and the obligations of Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration, the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), General Services Administration, Central Bank for Cooperatives, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Federal Intermediate Credit Banks and the Maritime Administration.

Securities guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises also are deemed to include (i) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. government or by any agency, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise thereof, and (ii) participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies that are so guaranteed.

To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Fund may invest in a variety of U.S. Treasury obligations and obligations issued by or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. Not all government obligations carry the same credit support. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises if it were not obligated to do so by law. There is no assurance that these commitments will be undertaken or complied with in the future. In addition, the secondary market for certain participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies may be limited. In the absence of a suitable secondary market, such participations are generally considered illiquid.

WARRANTS. The Fund may purchase warrants and similar rights, which are privileges issued by corporations enabling the owners to subscribe to and purchase a specified number of shares of the corporation at a specified price during a specified period of time. The prices of warrants do not necessarily correlate with the prices of the underlying shares. The purchase of warrants involves the risk that the Fund could lose the purchase value of a warrant if the right to subscribe to additional shares is not

 

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exercised prior to the warrant’s expiration. Also, the purchase of warrants involves the risk that the effective price paid for the warrant added to the subscription price of the related security may exceed the value of the subscribed security’s market price such as when there is no movement in the level of the underlying security.

ZERO COUPON AND CAPITAL APPRECIATION BONDS AND PAY-IN-KIND SECURITIES. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Fund may invest in zero coupon bonds, capital appreciation bonds and pay-in-kind (“PIK”) securities. Zero coupon and capital appreciation bonds are debt securities issued or sold at a discount from their face value and which do not entitle the holder to any periodic payment of interest prior to maturity or a specified date. The original issue discount varies depending on the time remaining until maturity or cash payment date, prevailing interest rates, the liquidity of the security and the perceived credit quality of the issuer. These securities also may take the form of debt securities that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons, the coupons themselves or receipts or certificates representing interests in such stripped debt obligations or coupons. The market prices of zero coupon bonds, capital appreciation bonds and PIK securities generally are more volatile than the market prices of interest bearing securities and are likely to respond to a greater degree to changes in interest rates than interest bearing securities having similar maturities and credit quality.

PIK securities may be debt obligations or preferred shares that provide the issuer with the option of paying interest or dividends on such obligations in cash or in the form of additional securities rather than cash. Similar to zero coupon bonds, PIK securities are designed to give an issuer flexibility in managing cash flow. PIK securities that are debt securities can either be senior or subordinated debt and generally trade flat (i.e., without accrued interest). The trading price of PIK debt securities generally reflects the market value of the underlying debt plus an amount representing accrued interest since the last interest payment.

Zero coupon bonds, capital appreciation bonds and PIK securities involve the additional risk that, unlike securities that periodically pay interest to maturity, the Fund will realize no cash until a specified future payment date unless a portion of such securities is sold and, if the issuer of such securities defaults, the Fund may obtain no return at all on its investment. In addition, even though such securities do not provide for the payment of current interest in cash, the Fund is nonetheless required to accrue income on such investments for each taxable year and generally is required to distribute such accrued amounts (net of deductible expenses, if any) to avoid being subject to tax. Because no cash generally is received at the time of the accrual, the Fund may be required to liquidate other portfolio securities to obtain sufficient cash to satisfy federal tax distribution requirements applicable to the Fund.

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

The Fund is subject to the fundamental investment restrictions enumerated below which may be changed with respect to the Fund only by a vote of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding shares as described in “Description of Shares” on page 67.

The Fund may not:

 

  (1) Make loans, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemptions therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

  (2)

Purchase or sell real estate or real estate limited partnerships, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemptions therefrom, as such

 

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  statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time. This restriction shall not prevent a Fund from investing directly or indirectly in portfolio instruments secured by real estate or interests therein or acquiring securities of REITs or other issuers that deal in real estate.

 

  (3) Invest in commodities or commodity contracts, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemptions therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

  (4) Concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries, as concentration is defined under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

  (5) Borrow money or issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemptions therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

  (6) Act as underwriter of securities, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemptions therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

  (7) Make any investment inconsistent with the Fund’s classification as a diversified company under the 1940 Act.

Notwithstanding any of the Fund’s other fundamental investment restrictions (including, without limitation, those restrictions relating to issuer diversification and industry concentration), the Fund may: (a) purchase securities of other investment companies to the full extent permitted under Section 12 or any other provision of the 1940 Act (or any successor provision thereto) or under any regulation or order of the SEC; and (b) invest all or substantially all of its assets in a single open-end investment company or series thereof with substantially the same investment objective, strategies and fundamental restrictions as the Fund.

The following investment limitations are non-fundamental policies and may be changed by the Fund’s Board without a vote of shareholders.

The Fund may not:

 

  (1) Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate assets, except to secure permitted borrowings or in relation to the deposit of assets in escrow or in segregated accounts in compliance with the asset segregation requirements imposed by Section 18 of the 1940 Act, or any rule or SEC staff interpretation thereunder. Securities held in escrow or separate accounts in connection with the Fund’s investment practices described in this SAI and the Fund’s Prospectus are not deemed to be mortgaged, pledged or hypothecated for purposes of the foregoing restrictions.

 

  (2) Purchase securities on margin or effect short sales, except that the Fund may: (i) obtain short-term credits as necessary for the clearance of security transactions; (ii) provide initial and variation margin payments in connection with transactions involving futures contracts and options on such contracts; and (iii) make short sales “against the box” or in compliance with the SEC’s position regarding the asset segregation requirements of Section 18 of the 1940 Act.

 

  (3) Purchase or hold illiquid securities, i.e., securities that cannot be disposed of for their approximate carrying value in seven days or less (which term includes repurchase agreements and time deposits maturing in more than seven days) if, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in illiquid securities.

 

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  (4) Purchase any securities that would cause more than 25% of the total assets of the Fund to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that this limitation does not apply to investments in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities.

 

  (5) Borrow money, except (a) the Fund may borrow from banks (as defined in the 1940 Act) or through reverse repurchase agreements in amounts up to 25% of the value of its total assets (including amounts borrowed); (b) the Fund may obtain such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities; (c) the Fund may purchase securities on margin to the extent permitted by applicable law; and (d) the Fund may engage in transactions in mortgage dollar rolls which are accounted for as financings.

 

  (6) Make loans if, as a result, more than 25% of its total assets (including amounts borrowed) would be lent to other parties, except that the Fund may: (i) purchase or hold debt instruments in accordance with its investment objective and policies; (ii) enter into repurchase agreements; (iii) lend its securities; and (iv) loan to affiliates to the extent permitted by law.

 

  (7) Purchase or sell real estate, physical commodities or commodities contracts, except that the Fund may purchase: (i) marketable securities issued by companies that own or invest in real estate (including REITs), commodities or commodities contracts; and (ii) commodities contracts relating to financial instruments, such as financial futures contracts and options on such contracts.

The Fund’s investment strategy to invest at least 80% of its assets in equity securities of U.S. based companies is a non-fundamental policy and may be changed by the Board with at least 60 days’ notice to the Fund’s shareholders.

The following descriptions from the 1940 Act may assist shareholders in understanding the above policies and restrictions.

Concentration. The SEC has presently defined concentration as investing 25% or more of an investment company’s net assets in an industry or group of industries, with certain exceptions. In determining industry classification, the Fund may use any one of the following: the Bloomberg Industry Group Classification, Standard & Poor’s ® Rating Services (“Standard & Poor’s” or “S&P”), J.J. Kenny Municipal Purpose Codes, FT Interactive Industrial Codes, Securities Industry Classification Codes or the Global Industry Classification Standard. For the purpose of determining the percentage of the Fund’s total assets invested in securities of issuers having their principal business activities in a particular industry, an asset-backed security will be classified separately based on the nature of its underlying assets.

Borrowing. The 1940 Act presently allows a fund to borrow from any bank (including pledging, mortgaging or hypothecating assets) in an amount up to 33-1/3% of its total assets, including the amount borrowed (not including temporary borrowings not in excess of 5% of its total assets).

Senior Securities. Senior securities may include any obligation or instrument issued by a fund evidencing indebtedness. The 1940 Act generally prohibits funds from issuing senior securities, although it does not treat certain transactions as senior securities, such as certain borrowings, short sales, reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements and standby commitments, with appropriate earmarking or segregation of assets to cover such obligation.

 

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Lending. Under the 1940 Act, a fund may only make loans if expressly permitted by its investment policies. The Fund’s non-fundamental investment policy on lending is set forth above.

Underwriting. Under the 1940 Act, underwriting securities involves a fund purchasing securities directly from an issuer for the purpose of selling (distributing) them or participating in any such activity either directly or indirectly. Under the 1940 Act, a diversified fund may not make any commitment as underwriter, if immediately thereafter the amount of its outstanding underwriting commitments, plus the value of its investments in securities of issuers (other than investment companies) of which it owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities, exceeds 25% of the value of its total assets.

Real Estate. The 1940 Act does not directly restrict a fund’s ability to invest in real estate, but does require that every fund have a fundamental investment policy governing such investments. The Fund has adopted a fundamental policy that would permit direct investment in real estate. However, the Fund has a non-fundamental investment limitation that prohibits it from investing directly in real estate. This non-fundamental policy may be changed only by vote of the Fund’s Board.

Securities held in escrow or separate accounts in connection with the Fund’s investment practices described in this SAI and the Prospectus are not deemed to be mortgaged, pledged or hypothecated for purposes of the foregoing restrictions.

Any Investment Restriction which involves a maximum percentage (other than the restriction set forth above with respect to borrowing money) will not be considered violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after, and is caused by, an acquisition of securities or assets of, or borrowings by, the Fund. The 1940 Act requires that if the asset coverage for borrowings at any time falls below 33 1/3% of its total assets including the amount borrowed) plus an additional 5% of its total assets for temporary purposes, the Fund will, within three days thereafter (not including Sundays and holidays), reduce the amount of its borrowings to an extent that the net asset coverage of such borrowings shall conform to such limits.

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

The Board of Trustees of the Trust has adopted a policy on disclosure of portfolio holdings, which it believes is in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders. The policy provides that neither the Fund nor its Investment Adviser (or Sub-Advisers), Distributor or any agent, or any employee thereof (“Fund Representative”) will disclose the Fund’s portfolio holdings information to any person other than in accordance with the policy. For purposes of the policy, “portfolio holdings information” means the Fund’s actual portfolio holdings, as well as non-public information about its trading strategies or pending transactions including the portfolio holdings, trading strategies or pending transactions of any actively managed commingled fund portfolio which contains identical holdings as the Fund. Under the policy, neither the Fund nor any Fund Representative may solicit or accept any compensation or other consideration in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information. A Fund Representative may provide portfolio holdings information to third parties if such information has been included in the Fund’s public filings with the SEC or is disclosed on the Trust’s publicly accessible web site. Information posted on the Trust’s web site may be separately provided to any person commencing the day after it is first published on the Trust’s web site.

Portfolio holdings information that is not filed with the SEC or posted on the publicly available web site may be provided to third parties only if the third party recipients are required to keep all portfolio holdings information confidential and are prohibited from trading on the information they receive. Disclosure to such third parties must be approved in advance by the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”). Disclosure to providers of auditing, custody, proxy voting and other similar services for the

 

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Fund, as well as rating and ranking organizations, will generally be permitted; however, information may be disclosed to other third parties (including, without limitation, individuals, institutional investors, and intermediaries that sell shares of the Fund) only upon approval by the CCO, who must first determine that the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for doing so. In general, each recipient of non-public portfolio holdings information must sign a confidentiality and non-trading agreement, although this requirement will not apply when the recipient is otherwise subject to a duty of confidentiality as determined by the CCO. In accordance with the policy, the recipients who receive non-public portfolio holdings information on an ongoing basis are as follows: the Investment Adviser and its affiliates, the Sub-Advisers and their affiliates, the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, the Fund’s custodian, the Fund’s legal counsel, the Fund’s financial printer (R.R. Donnelley) and the Fund’s proxy voting service (Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc.) and certain rating and ranking organizations, including Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. (“Moody’s”), Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) and S&P; and the following vendors who provide analytical tools Barclays Capital, BlackRock Solutions, Bloomberg and FactSet. These entities are obligated to keep such information confidential. Third-party providers of custodial or accounting services to the Fund may release non-public portfolio holdings information of the Fund only with the permission of Fund Representatives. From time to time, portfolio holdings information may be provided to broker-dealers solely in connection with the Fund seeking portfolio securities trading recommendations. Portfolio holdings information may also be provided to financial institutions solely for the purpose of funding borrowings under the Trust’s line of credit. In providing this information, reasonable precautions, including limitations on the scope of the portfolio holdings information disclosed, are taken in an effort to avoid any potential misuse of the disclosed information.

The Fund currently publishes on the Trust’s web site, www.northernfunds.com, complete portfolio holdings for the Fund as of the end of each calendar quarter, subject to at least a ten (10) calendar day lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. In addition, the Fund intends to publish on the Trust’s web site month-end top ten holdings subject to at least a ten (10) calendar day lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. The Fund may publish on the Trust’s web site complete portfolio holdings information more frequently if they have a legitimate business purpose for doing so. Portfolio holdings also are currently disclosed through required filings with the SEC. The Fund files its portfolio holdings with the SEC for each fiscal quarter on Form N-CSR (with respect to each annual period and semiannual period) and Form N-Q (with respect to the first and third quarters of the Fund’s fiscal year). Shareholders may obtain the Fund’s Forms N-CSR and N-Q filings on the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. In addition, the Fund’s Forms N-CSR and N-Q filings may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, DC. You may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for information about the SEC’s web site or the operation of the public reference room.

Under the policy, the Board of Trustees is to receive information, on a quarterly basis, regarding any other disclosures of non-public portfolio holdings information that were permitted during the preceding quarter.

 

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ADDITIONAL TRUST INFORMATION

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

The Board of Trustees of the Trust is responsible for the management and business and affairs of the Fund. Prior to August 21, 2015, the Multi-Manager Funds were overseen by a separate board of trustees (the “Multi-Manager Board”) within the Trust that consisted of William L. Bax, Edward J. Condon, Jr., Mark G. Doll, Sandra Polk Guthman, Thomas A. Kloet, Cynthia Plouché and Casey J. Sylla. The other Funds within the Trust were overseen by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. At a Meeting of the Multi-Manager Board on August 20, 2015, the Multi-Manager Board voted to amend the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust to eliminate the Multi-Manager Board as of August 21, 2015. The foregoing Trustees submitted their resignations from the Multi-Manager Board on August 21, 2015. Beginning on August 21, 2015, the Multi-Manager Funds are overseen by the Trust’s Board of Trustees, which consisted of each of the foregoing Trustees and Stephen Potter and Mary Jacobs Skinner. Eric Feldstein was appointed to the board effective October 1, 2015. Edward J. Condon, Jr. retired from the Board effective December 31, 2015, pursuant to the Trust’s Trustee retirement policy. Set forth below is information about the Trustees and the Officers of Northern Funds as of the date of this SAI. Each Trustee has served in that capacity since he or she was originally elected or appointed to the Board of Trustees. As of the date of this SAI, each Trustee oversees a total of 56 portfolios in the Northern Funds Complex—Northern Funds offers 48 portfolios (including 10 Multi-Manager portfolios) and Northern Institutional Funds offers 8 portfolios.

NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES

 

NAME, ADDRESS(1), AGE,

POSITIONS HELD WITH

TRUST AND LENGTH OF

SERVICE AS TRUSTEE(2)

  

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS

DURING PAST FIVE YEARS

  

OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD

BY TRUSTEE(3)

William L. Bax

Age: 72

Trustee since 2005

  

•      Managing Partner of PricewaterhouseCoopers, Chicago (an accounting firm) from 1997 to 2003;

•      Director of Lurie Children’s Hospital since 1998.

  

•      Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. (an insurance brokerage company).

 

(1) 

Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996.

(2) 

Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting; (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board of Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust; or (iii) in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees (which may be changed without shareholder vote) on the last day of the calendar year in which he or she attains the age of seventy-five years.

(3) 

This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act.

 

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NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES (CONTINUED)

 

NAME, ADDRESS(1), AGE,

POSITIONS HELD WITH

TRUST AND LENGTH OF

SERVICE AS TRUSTEE(2)

  

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS

DURING PAST FIVE YEARS

  

OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD
BY TRUSTEE(3)

Mark G. Doll

Age: 66

Trustee since 2013

  

•      Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer from 2008 to 2012, Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company;

•      Senior Vice President—Public Markets, Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company from 2002 to 2008;

•      President, Northwestern Mutual Series Fund, Mason Street Advisors and Mason Street Funds from 2002 to 2008;

•      Chairman, Archdiocese of Milwaukee Finance Council from 2005 to 2015;

•      Member of Investment Committee of Milwaukee Art Museum from 1995 to 2012;

•      Member of Investment Committee of Greater Milwaukee Foundation since 2003;

•      Member of Investment Committee of Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra from 2006 to 2012;

•      Member of the State of Wisconsin Investment Board since 2015.

  

•    None

Eric A. Feldstein

Age: 56

Trustee since 2015

  

•      Executive Vice President of Fee Based Services, American Express Company since 2010;

•      Member of the Board of Directors of Vente Privee USA (an e-commerce joint venture 50% owned by American Express), 2011-2015;

•      CFO and Operating Partner, Eton Park Capital Management 2008-2009;

•      CEO of GMAC Financial Services 2002-2008.

  

•    None

Sandra Polk Guthman

Age: 72

Trustee since 1997 and Chairperson since 2015

  

•      Chair since 1988 and CEO from 1993 to 2012 of Polk Bros. Foundation (an Illinois not-for-profit corporation);

•      Director of National Public Finance Guarantee Corporation (f/k/a MBIA Insurance Corp. of Illinois) (a municipal bond insurance company) from 1994 to 2014;

•      Trustee of Rush University Medical Center since 2007;

•      Trustee of Wellesley College since 2010.

  

•    None

 

(1) 

Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996.

(2) 

Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting; (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board of Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust; or (iii) in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees (which may be changed without shareholder vote) on the last day of the calendar year in which he or she attains the age of seventy-five years.

(3) 

This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Exchange Act (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act.

 

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NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES (CONTINUED)

 

NAME, ADDRESS(1), AGE,

POSITIONS HELD WITH

TRUST AND LENGTH OF

SERVICE AS TRUSTEE(2)

  

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS

DURING PAST FIVE YEARS

  

OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD

BY TRUSTEE(3)

Thomas A. Kloet

Age: 57

Trustee since 2015

  

•      Executive Director and Chief Executive Officer, TMX Group, Ltd. (financial services company and operator of stock, derivatives exchanges, their clearing operations and securities depository) from 2008 to 2014.

  

•    Nasdaq, Inc.

Cynthia R. Plouché

Age: 59

Trustee since 2014

  

•      Senior Portfolio Manager and member of Investment Policy Committee, Williams Capital Management, LLC from 2006 to 2012;

•      Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer of Blaylock-Abacus Asset Management, Inc. from June 2003 to 2006;

•      Founder, Chief Investment Officer and Managing Director of Abacus Financial Group from May 1991 to 2003, a manager of fixed income portfolios for institutional clients;

•      Assessor, Moraine Township, Illinois since January 2014.

  

•      AXA Premier VIP Trust (Registered investment company—34 portfolios)

Casey J. Sylla

Age: 72

Trustee since 2008

  

•      Board member, University of Wisconsin—Eau Claire Foundation from 2006 to 2015;

•      Advisor, G.D. Searle Family Trusts from 2010 to 2012 and Independent Trustee since 2012.

  

•      GATX Corporation (transportation services).

 

(1) 

Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996.

(2) 

Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting; (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board of Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust; or (iii) in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees (which may be changed without shareholder vote) on the last day of the calendar year in which he or she attains the age of seventy-five years.

(3) 

This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Exchange Act (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act.

 

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INTERESTED TRUSTEES

 

NAME, ADDRESS(1), AGE,

POSITIONS HELD WITH

TRUST AND LENGTH OF

SERVICE AS TRUSTEE(2)

  

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS

DURING PAST FIVE YEARS

  

OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD
BY TRUSTEE(3)

Stephen N. Potter(4)

Age: 59

Trustee since 2008

  

•      President, Northern Trust Asset Management since 2008;

•      Chairman and President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since March 2008;

•      President of Northern Trust Global Investments, Ltd. from March 2008 to February 2009;

•      Director of The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut from July 2009 to December 2013;

•      Director of Northern Trust Global Investments, Ltd. from February 2000 to February 2009;

•      Director of Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc. from May 2008 to January 2012.

•      Director, Miami Corporation, Chicago, IL since November 2015;

•      Trustee, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL since 2009.

  

•    None

Mary Jacobs Skinner, Esq.(4)

Age: 58

Trustee since 2000

  

•      Retired as partner in the law firm of Sidley Austin LLP on November 30, 2015.

  

•    None

 

(1) 

Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996.

(2) 

Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting; (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board of Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust; or (iii) in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees (which may be changed without shareholder vote) on the last day of the calendar year in which he or she attains the age of seventy-five years.

(3) 

This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Exchange Act (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act.

(4) 

An “interested person,” as defined by the 1940 Act. Mr. Potter is deemed to be an “interested” Trustee because he is an officer, director, employee, and a shareholder of Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates. Ms. Skinner is deemed to be an “interested” Trustee because her former law firm provided legal services to Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates.

 

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OFFICERS OF THE TRUST

 

NAME, ADDRESS, AGE,

POSITIONS HELD WITH

TRUST AND LENGTH OF

SERVICE(1)

  

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS

DURING PAST FIVE YEARS

Lloyd A. Wennlund

Age: 58

50 South LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60603

President since 2000

   Executive Vice President since 2003 and Director since 2001 of Northern Trust Investments, Inc.; Executive Vice President and other positions at The Northern Trust Company and Managing Executive, Mutual Funds for Northern Trust Asset Management since 1994; Head of Defined Contribution Business at The Northern Trust Company from 2011 to 2014; Director, Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc. from 2006 to 2012; Director, The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut from 2012 to 2013.

Kevin P. O’Rourke

Age: 44

50 South LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60603

Vice President since 2015

   Senior Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since 2014; Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. from 2009 to 2014.

Steve P. Farmer

Age: 44

50 South LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60603

Chief Compliance Officer since October 2015

   Chief Compliance Officer for 50 South Capital Advisors, LLC since February 2015; Chief Compliance Officer for the Alpha Core Strategies Fund and Equity Long/Short Opportunities Fund since February 2015; Chief Compliance Officer from April 2007 to February 2015 for Mesirow Advanced Strategies.

Darlene Chappell

Age: 53

50 South LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60603

Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer since 2009

   Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer for Northern Trust Investments, Inc., Northern Trust Securities, Inc. and Alpha Core Strategies Fund (formerly NT Alpha Strategies Fund) since 2009; Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer for 50 South Capital Advisors, LLC since 2015; Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer for Equity Long/Short Opportunities Fund (formerly NT Equity Long/Short Strategies Fund) and FlexShares Trust since 2011; Vice President and Compliance Consultant for The Northern Trust Company since 2006; Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer for The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut from 2009 to 2013 and Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc. from 2009 to 2011.

Randal E. Rein

Age: 45

50 South LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60603

Treasurer since 2008

   Senior Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since 2010 and Senior Vice President of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company through 2010.

Michael J. Pryszcz

Age: 48

50 South LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60603

Assistant Treasurer since 2008

   Senior Vice President of Fund Accounting of The Northern Trust Company since 2010.

Richard N. Crabill

Age: 47

50 South LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60603

Assistant Treasurer since 2008

   Senior Vice President of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company since 2011; Vice President of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company from 2005 to 2011.

 

(1) 

Officers hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees until their successors are duly elected and qualified, or until they die, resign, are removed or become disqualified.

 

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OFFICERS OF THE TRUST (CONTINUED)

 

NAME, ADDRESS, AGE,

POSITIONS HELD WITH

TRUST AND LENGTH OF

SERVICE(1)

  

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS

DURING PAST FIVE YEARS

Michael G. Meehan

Age: 45

50 South LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60603

Assistant Treasurer since 2011

   Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since 2011; Vice President of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company from 2009 to 2011; Assistant Treasurer of Alpha Core Strategies Fund and Equity Long/Short Opportunities Fund since 2011.

Gregory A. Chidsey

Age: 46

50 South LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60603

Assistant Treasurer since 2013

   Senior Vice President of Financial Reporting of The Northern Trust Company since 2010.

Craig R. Carberry, Esq.

Age: 55

50 South LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60603

Secretary since 2010

   Associate General Counsel and Senior Vice President at The Northern Trust Company since June 2015; Chief Compliance Officer of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since October 2015 and Secretary since 2000; Assistant General Counsel and U.S. Funds General Counsel at The Northern Trust Company from July 2014 to June 2015; Senior Legal Counsel and U.S. Funds General Counsel at The Northern Trust Company from 2000 to 2014; Secretary of 50 South Capital Advisors, LLC since 2015; Secretary of Alpha Core Strategies Fund (formerly NT Alpha Strategies Fund) since 2004; Secretary of Equity Long/Short Opportunities Fund (formerly NT Equity Long/Short Strategies Fund) and FlexShares Trust since 2011; Secretary of Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc. from 2007 to 2012; Secretary of The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut from 2009 to 2013.

Owen T. Meacham, Esq.

Age: 45

50 South LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60603

Assistant Secretary since 2008

   Senior Vice President and Regulatory Administration Assistant General Counsel of The Northern Trust Company since August 2015; Senior Vice President and Regulatory Administration Managing Attorney of The Northern Trust Company from 2012 to August 2015; Senior Vice President and Regulatory Administration Senior Corporate Attorney of The Northern Trust Company from 2011 to 2012; Vice President and Regulatory Administration Senior Corporate Attorney of The Northern Trust Company from 2007 to 2011; Secretary of Harding, Loevner Funds since 2010; and Assistant Secretary of Ashmore Funds since 2010.

Jose J. Del Real, Esq.

Age: 38

50 South LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60603

Assistant Secretary since 2015

   Senior Legal Counsel at The Northern Trust Company since 2015; Legal Counsel at The Northern Trust Company from 2014 to 2015; Vice President and Regulatory Administration Senior Attorney of The Northern Trust Company from 2012 to 2014; Vice President and Regulatory Administration Attorney of The Northern Trust Company from 2011 to 2012; Second Vice President and Regulatory Administration Attorney of The Northern Trust Company from 2010 to 2011; Assistant Secretary of Northern Funds and Northern Institutional Funds from 2011 to 2014 and since 2015; and Assistant Secretary of FlexShares Trust since 2015.

 

(1) 

Officers hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees until their successors are duly elected and qualified, or until they die, resign, are removed or become disqualified.

 

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As a result of the responsibilities assumed by the Trust’s service providers, the Trust itself requires no employees.

Each officer holds comparable positions with Northern Institutional Funds and certain officers hold comparable positions with certain other investment companies of which Northern Trust Corporation, or an affiliate thereof, is the investment adviser, custodian, transfer agent and/or administrator.

LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE

The Board of Trustees is currently composed of nine Trustees, seven of whom are not “interested persons” as defined in the 1940 Act (“non-interested Trustee”), and two of whom are “interested persons” as defined in the 1940 act (each, an “interested Trustee”). The Chairperson of the Board of Trustees, Sandra Polk Guthman, is a non-interested Trustee. Stephen N. Potter is considered an interested Trustee because he is an officer, director, employee and a shareholder of Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates. Mary Jacobs Skinner is considered an interested Trustee because her former law firm provided legal services to Northern Trust Corporation, certain of the Sub-Advisers and/or their affiliates. Each Trustee was nominated to serve on the Board of Trustees because of his or her experience, skills and qualifications. See “Trustee Experience” below. The Board of Trustees believes that its leadership structure is consistent with industry practices and is appropriate in light of the size of the Trust and the nature and complexity of its business. In particular:

 

   

Board Composition. The Trustees believe that having a super-majority of non-interested Trustees (more than 75%) is appropriate and in the best interest of shareholders. The Trustees also believe that having Mr. Potter serve as an interested Trustee brings management and financial insight that is important to certain of the Board of Trustees’ decisions and is also in the best interest of shareholders.

 

   

Non-Interested Trustee Meetings and Executive Sessions. The Trustees believe that meetings of the non-interested Trustees and meetings in executive session, including with independent counsel, help prevent conflicts of interest from occurring. The Trustees also believe that these sessions allow the non-interested Trustees to deliberate candidly and constructively, separately from management, in a manner that affords honest disagreement and critical questioning.

RISK OVERSIGHT

Risk oversight is a part of the Board of Trustees’ general oversight of the Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. Day-to-day risk management functions are subsumed within the responsibilities of the Investment Adviser, Sub-Advisers and other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), which carry out the Fund’s investment management and business affairs. The Investment Adviser, Sub-Advisers and other service providers employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various events or circumstances that may give rise to risks, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they occur. The Investment Adviser, Sub-Advisers and other service providers have their own independent interests in risk management, and their policies and methods of risk management will depend on their functions and business models. The Investment Adviser has a dedicated risk management function that is headed by a Chief Risk Officer.

Currently, the Board receives and reviews risk reports on a quarterly basis from each of the Investment Adviser’s Chief Risk Officer. The Audit Committee reviews and discusses these reports with the Investment Adviser’s Chief Risk Officer prior to their presentation to the Board. These reports cover risk areas that include, but are not limited to, credit risk, investment risk, operational risk, fiduciary risk,

 

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compliance risk, market and liquidity risk and strategic risk. These reports are intended to provide the Trustees with a forward-looking view of risk and the manner in which the Investment Adviser is managing various risks.

The Audit Committee, in addition to its risk management responsibilities, plays an important role in the Board’s risk oversight. Working with the Fund’s independent registered accountants, the Audit Committee ensures that the Fund’s annual audit scope includes risk-based considerations, such that the auditors consider the risks potentially impacting the audit findings as well as risks to the Fund’s financial position and operations.

The Board of Trustees also monitors and reviews the Fund’s performance metrics, and regularly confers with the Investment Adviser on performance-related issues.

The Trust’s CCO reports to the Board of Trustees at least quarterly regarding compliance risk issues. In addition to providing quarterly reports, the CCO provides an annual report to the Board of Trustees in accordance with the Fund’s compliance policies and procedures. The CCO regularly discusses relevant compliance risk issues affecting the Fund during meetings with the non-interested Trustees and counsel. The CCO updates the Board of Trustees on the application of the Fund’s compliance policies and procedures and discusses how they mitigate risk. The CCO also reports to the Board of Trustees immediately regarding any problems associated with the Fund’s compliance policies and procedures that could expose (or that might have the potential to expose) the Fund to risk. The CCO’s quarterly and annual reports include reports on the sub-advisers’ compliance and risk issues.

TRUSTEE EXPERIENCE

Each Trustee is required to possess certain qualities such as integrity, intelligence, the ability to critically discuss and analyze issues presented to the Board of Trustees and an understanding of a trustee’s fiduciary obligations with respect to a registered investment company. In addition to these qualities, the following is a description of certain other Trustee attributes, skills, experiences and qualifications.

William L. Bax: Mr. Bax was Managing Partner of the Chicago office of PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), an international accounting, auditing and consulting firm, from 1997 to 2003, and a partner in the firm for a total of 26 years. He previously served as a director of Sears Roebuck & Co., a publicly traded retail company, from 2003 to 2005, and Andrew Corporation, a publicly-traded communications product company, from 2006 to 2008. He currently serves as a director for a public operating company board, Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. During his 26 years as a partner and 6 years as head of PwC’s Chicago office, Mr. Bax gained extensive experience advising public companies regarding accounting, disclosure and strategic issues. Mr. Bax understands the Board’s oversight role with respect to the Investment Adviser and other Portfolio service providers as a result of his public company board experience and service as a non-interested Trustee of Northern Institutional Funds and Northern Funds since 2005, and his current and prior directorships with public operating companies.

Mark G. Doll: Mr. Doll has over 40 years’ experience in the investment management industry. He was Chief Investment Officer of Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company from 2008 to 2012. During that time, he was responsible for over $180 billion in account assets, and managed the Northwestern Mutual Series, Inc., a 1940 Act registered mutual fund complex offering 28 portfolios. During his 40-year career at Northwestern Mutual, Mr. Doll oversaw all aspects of the company’s publicly traded assets. As Chief Investment Officer, he was a member of the seven-person management committee that oversaw all aspects of Northwestern Mutual’s asset management business. Mr. Doll’s extensive experience in mutual fund and separate account management provided him with significant knowledge of equity, fixed income and money market funds. He has served as a non-interested Trustee of Northern Institutional Funds and Northern Funds since 2013.

 

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Eric A. Feldstein: Mr. Feldstein is presently Executive Vice President of Fee Based Services at the American Express Company, where he is responsible for managing a portfolio of global businesses with diversified sources of revenue/profits beyond the traditional charge and credit card products. Prior to taking that position in 2010, Mr. Feldstein was an Operating Partner and Chief Financial Officer with Eton Park Capital Management, L.P., a large global multi-strategy hedge fund. From 2002 to 2008, he served as Chief Executive Officer of GMAC Financial Services (“GMAC”). With extensive experience in financial services and in corporate finance, Mr. Feldstein has a deep understanding of the capital markets and expertise in various areas of risk management. He understands the Board’s oversight role with respect to the Investment Adviser and other Portfolio service providers as a result of his service as a non-interested Trustee of the Northern Institutional Funds and Northern Funds since 2015. Mr. Feldstein has previous board experience, having served as chairman of the Board of Directors of GMAC Financial Services and as a member of the Board of Vente Privee USA.

Sandra Polk Guthman: Ms. Guthman has been the chair since 1988 and was the chief executive officer from 1993 to 2012 of Polk Bros. Foundation, a multi-million dollar private foundation. In her capacity as chief executive officer, she analyzed investments for the foundation and therefore also has experience supervising and evaluating investment advisers and their performance. From 2010 to June 2015, she also served on the Investment Committee of Wellesley College, providing additional experience in supervising and evaluating investment advisers and their performance. In addition, Ms. Guthman has experience in the securities industry generally as a result of her service as a director of MBIA Insurance Corp. of Illinois, a private municipal bond insurance company, now known as National Public Finance Guarantee Corporation. Ms. Guthman has also chaired a number of governance and nominating committees of other boards of directors and served previously on the board of directors of a Chicago bank. She also is familiar with the functions of the Board and its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Investment Adviser and the other Portfolio service providers as a result of her service as a non-interested Trustee of Northern Institutional Funds since 1997 and Northern Funds since 2000.

Thomas A. Kloet: Mr. Kloet is a long-time financial industry executive and former Chief Executive Officer of TMX Group, Ltd., a financial services company and operator of stock, derivatives exchanges, their clearing operations and securities depository. As a result of this position, Mr. Kloet is familiar with financial, investment and business matters. He also understands the functions of a board through his service during the past five years on the Boards of TMX Group, Limited; Nasdaq, Inc. (and the Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC as well as certain other subsidiaries of Nasdaq, Inc.); Box Options Exchange; FTSE-TMX Global Debt Capital Markets, Inc.; Bermuda Stock Exchange, Inc.; the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada and the World Federation of Exchanges. He is a certified public accountant, a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Illinois CPA Society and is a member, and chairs the audit committee of the Board of Edward-Elmhurst Healthcare and serves on the Board of Elmhurst College. He has served as a non-interested Trustee of Northern Institutional Funds and Northern Funds since 2015.

Mr. Kloet serves on the Board of Directors of Nasdaq, Inc. Northern Trust Corporation (“NTC”), parent company of NTI, and its affiliates (including affiliated fund complexes) paid fees, including related to listing, to Nasdaq, Inc. and its affiliates, The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC and Nasdaq OMX Nordic OY (collectively, “Nasdaq”) in 2014 and 2015. The total of these payments were $457,819 and $422,444 in each of 2014 and 2015, respectively, which are immaterial to Nasdaq’s gross revenues. Nasdaq, Inc. paid The Northern Trust Company, an affiliate of NTI, $275,060 and $268,627 in each of 2014 and 2015, respectively, for managing Nasdaq’s pension funds, which are immaterial to NTC’s gross revenues. In consideration of the immaterial amounts involved in the foregoing transactions, Mr. Kloet is not considered to have a material business or professional relationship with NTI or its affiliates.

Cynthia R. Plouché: Ms. Plouché has an extensive background in the financial services industry. She currently serves as lead Independent Trustee and chair of the Audit Committee of the Board of

 

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Trustees of AXA Premier VIP Trust, a registered investment company. She also has served as portfolio manager and chief investment officer for other registered investment advisers. Ms. Plouché is therefore familiar with the functions of mutual fund boards and their oversight responsibilities and the operations of fund advisers and other service providers. In addition, Ms. Plouché currently serves as Township Assessor for Moraine, Illinois. She has served as a non-interested Trustee of Northern Institutional Funds and Northern Funds since 2014.

Casey J. Sylla: Mr. Sylla is a former chief investment officer and chief financial officer for The Allstate Corporation. As a result of these positions, Mr. Sylla is familiar with financial, investment and business matters. He also understands the functions of a board through his current service as a member of a board of a public operating company, GATX Corporation. He also serves on the Board of the University of Wisconsin—Eau Claire Foundation and is an independent trustee of the G.D. Searle Family Trusts. In addition, he is familiar with the functions of the Board and its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Investment Adviser and other Portfolio service providers as a result of his service as a non-interested Trustee of Northern Institutional Funds and Northern Funds since 2008.

INTERESTED TRUSTEES

Stephen N. Potter: Mr. Potter has held various executive and internal subsidiary board positions with NTI and The Northern Trust Company since 1982, including his present position as president of the Investment Adviser. As a result of these positions, Mr. Potter has financial, business, management and investment experience. Although he is an “interested” person under the 1940 Act, the non-interested Trustees believe that Mr. Potter provides an important business perspective with respect to the Investment Adviser and Northern Institutional Funds’ other service providers that is critical to their decision-making process. Mr. Potter also understands the functions of the Board as a result of his service on the Boards of Northern Institutional Funds and Northern Funds since 2008.

Mary Jacobs Skinner: Ms. Skinner was a partner until November 30, 2015 at Sidley Austin LLP, a large international law firm, in which she managed a regulatory-based practice. As a result of this position, Ms. Skinner is familiar with legal, regulatory and financial matters. She also is familiar with the functions of the Board and its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Investment Adviser and other Portfolio service providers as a result of her service as a Trustee of Northern Institutional Funds since 2000 and Northern Funds since 1998.

STANDING BOARD COMMITTEES.

The Board of Trustees has established four standing committees in connection with its governance of the Funds: Audit, Governance, Valuation and Executive.

The Audit Committee consists of four members: Messrs. Bax (Chairperson), Doll and Kloet and Ms. Guthman (ex officio). The Audit Committee oversees the audit process and provides assistance to the full Board of Trustees with respect to fund accounting, tax compliance and financial statement matters. In performing its responsibilities, the Audit Committee selects and recommends annually to the entire Board

 

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of Trustees an independent registered public accounting firm to audit the books and records of the Trust for the ensuing year, and reviews with the firm the scope and results of each audit. The Audit Committee also is designated as the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Audit Committee convenes at least four times each year to meet with the independent registered public accounting firm to review the scope and results of the audit and to discuss other non-audit matters as requested by the Board’s Chairperson, the Committee Chairperson or the independent registered public accounting firm. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015, the Audit Committee convened five times.

The Governance Committee consists of three members: Mses. Plouché (Chairperson), Guthman (ex-officio), and Mr. Feldstein. The functions performed by the Governance Committee include, among other things, selecting and nominating candidates to serve as non-interested Trustees, reviewing and making recommendations regarding Trustee compensation, developing policies regarding Trustee education and, subject to Board oversight, supervising the Trust’s CCO and reviewing information and making recommendations to the Board in connection with the Board’s annual consideration of the Trust’s management, custody and transfer agency and service agreements. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015, the Governance Committee convened four times.

As stated above, each Trustee holds office for an indefinite term until the occurrence of certain events. In filling Board vacancies, the Governance Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Nominee recommendations should be submitted to Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996.

The Valuation Committee consists of five members: Messrs. Sylla (Chairperson), Doll and Potter and Mses. Guthman (ex officio) and Skinner. The Valuation Committee is authorized to act for the Board in connection with the valuation of portfolio securities of the Funds in accordance with the Trust’s valuation procedures. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015, the Valuation Committee convened four times.

The Executive Committee consists of four members: Mses. Guthman (Chairperson) and Plouché and Messrs. Bax and Sylla. The Executive Committee is comprised of the Chairperson of the Board of Trustees as well as the Chairpersons of the Governance, Valuation and Audit Committees, with the remaining Trustees each serving as an alternate in the event of an emergency. The Executive Committee is granted the power to act on behalf of the full Board of Trustees in the management of the business and affairs of the Funds, to be exercised when circumstances impair the ability of the Board of Trustees or its committees to conduct business. In particular, the Executive Committee may take action with respect to: (1) the valuation of securities; and (2) the suspension of redemptions. The Executive Committee was formed on May 21, 2015 and will convene as necessary upon notice by the Chairperson of the Committee.

 

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TRUSTEE OWNERSHIP OF FUND SHARES

The following table shows the dollar range of shares of the Fund owned by each Multi-Manager Trustee in the Fund and other portfolios of the Northern Funds and Northern Institutional Funds.

 

     

Information as of December 31, 2015

    

Name of Non-Interested Trustee

  

Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund

   Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in All Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family

of Investment Companies(1)

William L. Bax

   None    Over $100,000

Mark G. Doll

   None    Over $100,000

Eric A. Feldstein(2)

   None    None

Sandra Polk Guthman

   None    Over $100,000

Thomas A. Kloet(3)

   None    None

Cynthia R. Plouché

   None    $10,001-$50,000

Casey J. Sylla

   None    Over $100,000

Name of Interested Trustee

  

Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund

   Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in All Registered Investment

Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family
of Investment Companies(1)

Stephen N. Potter

   None    Over $100,000

Mary Jacobs Skinner

   None    Over $100,000(4)

 

(1) 

The Northern Funds Complex consists of Northern Institutional Funds and Northern Funds. As of December 31, 2015, Northern Funds offered 47 portfolios (including 9 Multi-Manager Funds) and Northern Institutional Funds offered 8 portfolios.

(2) 

Mr. Feldstein was appointed to the Board of Trustees on August 20, 2015; such appointment was effective October 1, 2015.

(3) 

Mr. Kloet was appointed to the Board of Trustees on May 21, 2015; such appointment was effective July 1, 2015.

(4) 

Includes amounts in Ms. Skinner’s Deferred Compensation Plan account, which is treated as if invested in the Diversified Assets Portfolio of Northern Institutional Funds.

TRUSTEE AND OFFICER COMPENSATION

The Trust pays each Trustee who is not an officer, director or employee of Northern Trust Corporation or its subsidiaries annual fees for his or her services as a Trustee of the Trust and the Multi-Manager Funds and as a member of the respective Board committees. In recognition of their services, the fees paid to the Board and Committee chairpersons are larger than the fees paid to other members of the Trust’s and Multi-Manager Funds’ Boards and Committees. The Trustees also are reimbursed for travel expenses incurred in connection with attending such meetings. The Trust also may pay the incidental costs of a Trustee to attend training or other types of conferences relating to the investment company industry.

 

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The following tables set forth certain information with respect to the compensation of each non-interested and interested Trustee of the Trust for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015.

Non-Interested Trustees

 

     Aggregate
Compensation from
the Fund(1)
   Total
Compensation
from Fund
Complex(2)
 

William L. Bax

      $ 228,750   

Edward J. Condon, Jr.(3)

      $ 228,750   

Mark G. Doll

      $ 196,250   

Eric A. Feldstein(4)

        N/A   

Sandra Polk Guthman

      $ 260,000   

Thomas A. Kloet(5)

        N/A   

Cynthia R. Plouché

      $ 191,250   

Richard P. Strubel(6)

      $ 191,250   

Casey J. Sylla

      $ 228,750   

Interested Trustees

 

     Aggregate
Compensation from
the Fund(1)
   Total
Compensation
from Fund
Complex(2)
 

Stephen N. Potter(7)

        None   

Mary Jacobs Skinner

      $ 207,500 (8) 

 

(1) 

The Fund had not commenced operations as of March 31, 2016.

(2) 

As of March 31, 2015, the Northern Funds Complex offered Northern Funds (47 funds) and Northern Institutional Funds (8 portfolios).

(3) 

Mr. Condon retired as a Trustee of the Trust effective December 31, 2015.

(4) 

Mr. Feldstein was appointed to the Board of Trustees on August 20, 2015; such appointment was effective October 1, 2015.

(5) 

Mr. Kloet was appointed to the Board of Trustees on May 21, 2015; such appointment was effective July 1, 2015.

(6) 

Mr. Strubel retired as a Trustee of the Trust effective December 31, 2014.

(7) 

As an “interested” Trustee who is an officer, director and employee of Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates, Mr. Potter does not receive any compensation from the Trust for his services.

(8) 

Ms. Skinner did not defer compensation for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2015. During that time Ms. Skinner earned $48 in accrued interest from previous years’ deferred compensation.

The Trust does not provide pension or retirement benefits to its Trustees.

Prior to August 22, 2013, each Trustee was entitled to participate in the Northern Funds Deferred Compensation Plan (the “D.C. Plan”). Effective August 22, 2013, the Trustees may no longer defer their compensation. Any amounts deferred and invested under the D.C. Plan shall remain invested pursuant to the terms of the D.C. Plan. Under the D.C. Plan, a Trustee may have elected to have his or her deferred fees treated as if they had been invested by the Trust in the shares of the Global Tactical Asset Allocation Fund of Northern Funds or the Diversified Assets Portfolio of the Northern Institutional Funds and/or at the discretion of the Trust, another money market fund selected by the Trust that complied with the provisions of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act or one or more short-term fixed-income instruments selected by the Trust that are “eligible securities” as defined by that rule. The amount paid to the Trustees under the D.C. Plan will be determined based upon the performance of such investments. Deferral of Trustees’ fees will not obligate the Trust to retain the service of any Trustee or obligate the Fund to any level of compensation to the Trustee. The Trust may invest in underlying securities without shareholder approval.

 

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The Trust’s officers do not receive fees from the Trust for services in such capacities. Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates, of which Ms. Chappell and Messrs. Carberry, Chidsey, Crabill, Del Real, Farmer, Meacham, Meehan, O’Rourke, Pryszcz, Rein and Wennlund are officers, receive fees from the Trust as Investment Adviser, Custodian and Transfer Agent.

CODE OF ETHICS

The Trust, its Investment Adviser, each Sub-Adviser and the principal underwriter have adopted codes of ethics (the “Codes of Ethics”) under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. Certain of the Codes of Ethics permit personnel, subject to the Codes of Ethics and their provisions, to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Trust.

INVESTMENT ADVISER, SUB-ADVISERS, TRANSFER AGENT AND CUSTODIAN

Investment Adviser

NTI, a subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation, serves as the Investment Adviser and provides investment advisory and administration services to the Fund. NTI is referred to as the “Investment Adviser.” Northern Trust Corporation is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a financial holding company under the U.S. Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. NTI is located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603.

NTI is an Illinois State Banking Corporation and an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”). It primarily manages assets for institutional and individual separately managed accounts, investment companies and bank common and collective funds.

TNTC is the principal subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation and serves as the sub-administrator, transfer agent and custodian for the Fund. TNTC is located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603.

TNTC is a member of the Federal Reserve System. Since 1889, TNTC has administered and managed assets for individuals, institutions and corporations. Unless otherwise indicated, NTI and TNTC are referred to collectively in this SAI as “Northern Trust.”

As of December 31, 2015, Northern Trust Corporation, through its affiliates, had assets under custody of $6.07 trillion, and assets under investment management of $875 billion.

Investment Sub-Advisers

The Fund has received an exemptive order from the SEC that permits the Investment Adviser to engage or terminate a Sub-Adviser, and to enter into and materially amend an existing Sub-Advisory Agreement, upon the approval of the Board, without obtaining shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified of any changes in Sub-Advisers. Sub-Advisers will provide investment advisory services to the Fund. The Investment Adviser will select Sub-Advisers based upon the Sub-Adviser’s skills in managing assets pursuant to particular investment styles and strategies. The Investment Adviser will monitor existing Sub-Advisers based on their investment styles, strategies, and results in managing assets for specific asset classes. Each Sub-Adviser will have discretion to select portfolio securities for its portion of the Fund, but must select those securities according to the Fund’s investment objective and restrictions.

 

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The Investment Adviser does not determine what investments will be purchased or sold for the Fund, with the exception of the cash portion of the Fund. Because each Sub-Adviser manages its portion of the Fund independently from the others, the same security may be held in two or more different portions of the Fund or may be acquired for one portion at a time when a Sub-Adviser of another portion deems it appropriate to dispose of the security from that other portion. Similarly, under some market conditions, one or more of the Sub-Advisers may believe that temporary, defensive investments in short-term instruments or cash are appropriate when another Sub-Adviser or Sub-Advisers believe continued exposure to the broader securities market is appropriate. Because each Sub-Adviser directs the trading for its portion of the Fund and does not aggregate its transactions with those of the other Sub-Advisers, the Fund may incur higher brokerage costs than would be the case if a single adviser or Sub-Adviser were managing the Fund.

The current Sub-Advisers to the Fund are set forth below.

 

Fund

  

Sub-Advisers

Active M U.S. Equity Fund    Delaware Investments Fund Advisors (“Delaware Investments”)
   Granite Investment Partners, LLC (“Granite”)
   The London Company of Virginia, LLC (“London”)
   Polen Capital Management, LLC (“Polen Capital”)

The ownership and control information for each Sub-Adviser, if applicable, is set forth below.

Delaware Investments

Delaware Investments is a series of Delaware Management Business Trust, which is a subsidiary of Delaware Management Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation. Delaware Management Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“DMHI”) are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Macquarie Group Limited.

Granite

Granite is a 100% employee owned Delaware limited liability company with ownership amongst 13 partners.

London

London is a Delaware limited liability company. 79% of London’s equity is owned by the firm’s employees. Founder Stephen Goddard owns a controlling interest in London. LPC London, LP, an affiliate of Lincoln Peak Capital, holds a 21% stake in London.

Polen Capital

Polen Capital is a Delaware limited liability company. Polen Capital is 60% employee-owned, with 20% owned by the Polen Family Trust and 20% owned by iM Square.

 

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Management Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreements

NTI provides the Fund with investment advisory and administration services under a single agreement (the “Management Agreement”) and fee structure. Under the Management Agreement with NTI for the Fund, subject to the general supervision of the Trust’s Board of Trustees, NTI makes decisions with respect to, and places orders for, all purchases and sales of portfolio securities for the Fund and also provides certain administration services for the Fund. However, the Management Agreement permits NTI, subject to approval by the Board of Trustees, to delegate to a Sub-Adviser any or all of its portfolio management responsibilities under the Management Agreement pursuant to a written agreement with each Sub-Adviser that meets the requirements of Section 15 of the 1940 Act, subject to the provisions of the exemptive order described above. NTI has delegated substantially all of its portfolio management responsibilities to the Sub-Advisers set forth above except for the cash portion of the Fund. NTI shall remain responsible for supervision and oversight of the portfolio management services performed by the Sub-Advisers, including compliance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies.

NTI also is responsible for monitoring and preserving the records required to be maintained under the regulations of the SEC (with certain exceptions unrelated to its activities for the Trust). In making investment recommendations for the Fund, if any, investment advisory personnel of NTI may not inquire or take into consideration whether issuers of securities proposed for purchase or sale for the Fund’s accounts are customers of TNTC’s commercial banking department. These requirements are designed to prevent investment advisory personnel for the Fund from knowing which companies have commercial business with TNTC and from purchasing securities where they know the proceeds will be used to repay loans to the bank.

The Management Agreement and each Sub-Advisory Agreement has been approved by the Board of Trustees, including the “non-interested” Trustees. The Management Agreement has also been approved by the initial shareholder of the Fund.

The Management Agreement and each Sub-Advisory Agreement provide that generally in selecting brokers or dealers to place orders for transactions on (i) common and preferred stocks, the Investment Adviser or Sub-Advisers, as the case may be, shall use their best judgment to obtain the best overall terms available, and (ii) on bonds and other fixed-income obligations, the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers shall attempt to obtain best net price and execution.

Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions. On exchanges on which commissions are negotiated, the cost of transactions may vary among different brokers. In assessing the best overall terms available for any transaction, the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers are to consider all factors they deem relevant, including the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer, and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, both for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In evaluating the best overall terms available and in selecting the broker or dealer to execute a particular transaction, the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers may consider the brokerage and research services provided to the Fund and/or other accounts over which the Investment Adviser or Sub-Advisers, or an affiliate exercises investment discretion. A broker or dealer providing brokerage and/or research services may receive a higher commission than another broker or dealer would receive for the same transaction. These brokerage and research services may include but are not limited to, furnishing of advice, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in securities and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities. The Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers also may obtain economic statistics, forecasting services, industry and company analyses, portfolio strategies, quantitative data, quotation services, order management systems for certain purposes, certain news services, credit rating services, testing services, execution

 

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services, market information systems, consulting services from economists and political analysts and computer software or on-line data feeds. These services and products may disproportionately benefit other accounts. For example, research or other services paid for through the Fund’s commissions may not be used in managing the Fund. In addition, other accounts may receive the benefit, including disproportionate benefits, of economies of scale or price discounts in connection with products or services that may be provided to the Fund and to such other accounts. To the extent that the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers use soft dollars, they will not have to pay for those products or services themselves. The Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers may receive research that is bundled with the trade execution, clearing, and/or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer. In that event, the research will effectively be paid for by client commissions that will also be used to pay for execution, clearing and settlement services provided by the broker-dealer and will not be paid by the Investment Adviser or Sub-Advisers.

The Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers and their affiliates may also receive products and services that provide both research and non-research benefits to them (“mixed-use items”). The research portion of mixed-use items may be paid for with soft dollars. When paying for the research portion of mixed-use items with soft dollars, the Investment Adviser and the Sub-Advisers must make a good faith allocation between the cost of the research portion and the cost of the non-research portion of the mixed-use items. The Investment Adviser or the Sub-Advisers, as the case may be, will pay for the non-research portion of the mixed-use items with hard dollars.

Supplemental research information so received is in addition to, and not in lieu of, services required to be performed by the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers and does not reduce the management fees payable to the Investment Adviser by the Fund or the Sub-Advisory fees paid by the Investment Adviser to the Sub-Advisers. The Trustees will periodically review the commissions paid by the Fund to consider whether the commissions paid over representative periods of time appear to be reasonable in relation to the benefits inuring to the Fund. It is possible that certain of the supplemental research or other services received will primarily benefit one or more other investment companies or other accounts. Conversely, the Fund may be the primary beneficiary of the research or services received as a result of portfolio transactions effected for such other account or investment company.

Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges, and increasingly equity securities traded over-the-counter, involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions and the cost of transactions may vary among different brokers. Over-the-counter transactions in equity securities also may involve the payment of negotiated commissions to brokers. Transactions on foreign stock exchanges involve payment for brokerage commissions, which generally are fixed by applicable regulatory bodies. Many over-the-counter issues, including corporate debt and government securities, are often traded on a “net” basis (i.e., without commission) through dealers, or otherwise involve transactions directly with the issuer of an instrument. With respect to over-the-counter transactions, the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers will normally deal directly with dealers who make a market in the instruments involved except in those circumstances where more favorable prices and execution are available elsewhere. The cost of foreign and domestic securities purchased from underwriters includes an underwriting commission or concession, and the prices at which securities are purchased from and sold to dealers include a dealer’s mark-up or mark-down.

Transactions between the Fund and its Sub-Advisers and certain of the Sub-Advisers’ affiliates are exempted from Section 17(a) of the 1940 Act if the following conditions are met: (1) a Sub-Adviser or its affiliate is not, and is not an affiliated person of, the Investment Adviser responsible for providing advice with respect to the portion of the Fund for which the transaction is entered into, or of any promoter, underwriter, officer, director, member of an advisory board, or employee of the Fund and (2) the advisory contracts of the Sub-Adviser that is (or whose affiliated person is) entering into the

 

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transaction, and any Sub-Adviser that is advising the Fund (or portion of the Fund) entering into the transaction: (i) prohibit them from consulting with each other concerning transactions for the Fund in securities or other assets; and (ii) if both such Sub-Advisers are responsible for providing investment advice to the Fund, limit the Sub-Advisers’ responsibility in providing advice with respect to a discrete portion of the Fund’s portfolio.

The Fund may participate, if and when practicable, in bidding for the purchase of portfolio securities directly from an issuer in order to take advantage of the lower purchase price available to members of a bidding group. The Fund will engage in this practice, however, only when the Investment Adviser or Sub-Advisers, as the case may be, believe such practice to be in the Fund’s interests.

On occasions when the Investment Adviser or Sub-Advisers deem the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of the Fund as well as other fiduciary or agency accounts managed by the Investment Adviser or Sub-Adviser, the Management Agreement and each Sub-Advisory Agreement provide that the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers, respectively, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased for the Fund with those to be sold or purchased for such other accounts in order to obtain the best net price and execution. In such an event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers in the manner they consider to be most equitable and consistent with their obligations to the Fund and its respective other accounts involved. In some instances, this procedure may adversely affect the size of the position obtainable for the Fund or the amount of the securities that are able to be sold for the Fund. To the extent that the execution and price available from more than one broker or dealer are believed to be comparable, the Management Agreement and each Sub-Advisory Agreement permit the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers, respectively, at their discretion but subject to applicable law, to select the executing broker or dealer on the basis of the Investment Adviser’s or Sub-Adviser’s opinion of the reliability and quality of the broker or dealer.

The Management Agreement and each Sub-Advisory Agreement provides that the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers, respectively, may render similar services to others so long as their services under the Management Agreement or Sub-Advisory Agreement are not impaired thereby. The Management Agreement also provides that the Trust will indemnify the Investment Adviser against certain liabilities (including, with respect to the advisory services provided by the Investment Adviser under the Management Agreement, liabilities under the federal securities laws relating to untrue statements or omissions of material fact and actions that are in accordance with the terms of the Management Agreement) or, in lieu thereof, contribute to resulting losses. The Management and Sub-Advisory Agreements provide that the Sub-Adviser shall not be subject to any liability in connection with the performance of its services thereunder in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties.

As compensation for advisory services and administration services and the assumption of related expenses, NTI is entitled to a management fee, computed daily and payable monthly, at the following annual rates (expressed as a percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets): 0.64% of the first $1 billion, 0.621% of the next $1 billion and 0.602% over $2 billion.

Each Sub-Adviser shall, subject to the supervision and oversight of the Investment Adviser, manage the investment and reinvestment of such portion of the assets of the Fund, as the Investment Adviser may from time to time allocate to such Sub-Adviser for management. The Investment Adviser pays the Sub-Advisers out of its management fees.

The Trust has received an exemptive order from the SEC that permits the Investment Adviser to amend and terminate existing Sub-Advisory Agreements, approved by the Board of Trustees, without

 

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shareholder approval. The exemption also permits the Investment Adviser to enter into new Sub-Advisory Agreements with Sub-Advisers that are not affiliated with the Investment Adviser without obtaining shareholder approval, if approved by the Board of Trustees. In the event of a termination of a Sub-Adviser, the Investment Adviser, subject to the Board of Trustees’ approval, will either enter into an agreement with another Sub-Adviser to manage the Fund or portion thereof or allocate the assets of that portion to other Sub-Advisers of the Fund. Shareholders will be notified of any Sub-Adviser changes.

In addition to the advisory fees payable by the Fund to the Investment Adviser and/or its affiliates, the Fund, investing uninvested cash in one or more of the affiliated money market funds will bear indirectly a proportionate share of that money market fund’s operating expenses, which include management, transfer agent and custodial fees payable by the money market fund to the Investment Adviser and/or its affiliates. See “Investment Objective and Policies—Investment Companies” for a discussion of the fees payable to the Investment Adviser and/or its affiliates by the money market funds in which the Fund is invested.

Many of the Sub-Advisers have other business relationships with Northern and its other clients. As such, the Sub-Advisory Agreements provide that the Sub-Advisers’ sub-advisory fees will be based on assets under management of the Fund and all other assets managed by the Sub-Adviser for Northern’s clients.

Generally, each Sub-Advisory Agreement may be terminated without penalty by vote of the Board of Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, upon 60 days’ written notice, or by the Investment Adviser immediately upon notice to the Sub-Adviser, and each such agreement terminates automatically in the event of an assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act). Each Sub-Advisory Agreement also may be terminated by a Sub-Adviser upon 30 days’ written notice and automatically terminates upon termination of the Management Agreement.

Northern Trust Corporation, the Sub-Advisers and their affiliates may act as underwriters of various securities. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is precluded, subject to certain exceptions, from purchasing in the primary market those securities with respect to which Northern Trust Corporation, the Fund’s Sub-Advisers, or their affiliates serve as a principal underwriter. In the opinion of Northern Trust and the Sub-Advisers, this limitation will not significantly affect the ability of the Fund to pursue its investment objective.

The Investment Adviser is also responsible for providing certain administration services to the Fund pursuant to the Management Agreement. Subject to the general supervision of the Trust’s Board of Trustees, the Investment Adviser provides supervision of all aspects of the Fund’s operations and performs the customary services of an administrator, including but not limited to the following corporate treasury, secretarial and “blue sky” services: (a) maintaining office facilities and furnishing corporate officers for the Fund; (b) furnishing data processing services, clerical services, and executive and administrative services and standard stationery and office supplies; (c) performing all functions ordinarily performed by the office of a corporate treasurer, and furnishing the services and facilities ordinarily incident thereto, such as expense accrual monitoring and payment of the Fund’s bills, preparing monthly reconciliation of the Fund’s expense records, updating projections of annual expenses, preparing materials for review by the Board of Trustees, and compliance testing; (d) preparing and arranging for printing of financial statements; (e) preparing and filing the Fund’s federal and state tax returns (other than those required to be filed by the Fund’s custodian and transfer agent) and providing shareholder tax information to the Fund’s transfer agent; (f) assisting the Fund’s Investment Adviser, at the Investment Adviser’s request, in monitoring and developing compliance procedures for the Fund which include, among other matters, procedures to assist the Investment Adviser in monitoring compliance with the Fund’s investment objective, policies, restrictions, tax matters and applicable laws and regulations; (g) assisting

 

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in product development; (h) performing oversight/management responsibilities such as the supervision and coordination of certain of the Fund’s service providers; (i) performing corporate secretarial services such as assisting in maintaining corporate records and the good standing status of the Trust in its state of organization; (j) performing “blue sky” compliance functions; (k) monitoring the Fund’s arrangements with respect to services provided by Service Organizations (as defined below) to their customers who are the beneficial owners of shares, pursuant to agreements between the Fund and such Service Organizations; (l) performing certain legal services such as preparing and filing annual Post-Effective Amendments to the Fund’s registration statement and other SEC filings for the Fund; and (m) computing and determining on the days and at the times specified in the Fund’s then-current Prospectuses, the net asset value of each share of the Fund and the net income of the Fund. Pursuant to a Sub-Administration Agreement, NTI has delegated certain of the above administration services to TNTC.

In the Management Agreement, the Investment Adviser agrees that the name “Northern” may be used in connection with the Trust’s business on a royalty-free basis. TNTC has reserved to itself the right to grant the non-exclusive right to use the name “Northern” to any other person. The Management Agreement provides that at such time as the Management Agreement is no longer in effect, the Trust will cease using the name “Northern.”

Transfer Agency and Service Agreement

Under its Transfer Agency and Service Agreement with the Trust, TNTC as Transfer Agent has undertaken to perform certain services for the Fund, including but not limited to the following: (i) answer shareholder inquiries and respond to requests for information regarding the Trust; (ii) process purchase and redemption transactions; (iii) establish and maintain shareholder accounts and subaccounts; (iv) furnish confirmations in accordance with applicable law, and provide periodic account statements to each shareholder; (v) furnish proxy statements and proxies, annual and semiannual financial statements, and dividend, distribution and tax notices to shareholders; (vi) act as dividend disbursing agent; (vii) report abandoned property to state authorities; (viii) impose, collect, account for and administer redemption fees if applicable on redemptions and exchanges; (ix) process, handle and account for all “as of” transactions; (x) conduct daily reviews of management reports relating to late trading and daily value reviews with respect to the Trust’s excessive trading policies; and (xi) maintain appropriate records relating to its services. The Trust may appoint one or more sub-transfer agents in the performance of its services.

As compensation for the services rendered by TNTC under the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement and the assumption by TNTC of related expenses, TNTC is entitled to a fee from the Trust, payable monthly, at an annual rate of 0.015% of the average daily net assets of the Fund. In addition, TNTC may be reimbursed for certain expenses as provided under the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement.

Custody Agreement

Under its Custody Agreement with the Trust, TNTC (the “Custodian”) (i) holds the Fund’s cash and securities, (ii) maintains such cash and securities in separate accounts in the name of the Fund, (iii) makes receipts and disbursements of funds on behalf of the Fund, (iv) receives, delivers and releases securities on behalf of the Fund, (v) collects and receives all income, principal and other payments in respect of the Fund’s investments held by the Custodian, (vi) is responsible for the Fund’s foreign custody arrangements and (vii) maintains all records of its activities and obligations under the Custody Agreement. The Custodian may appoint one or more sub-custodians and shall oversee the maintenance by any sub-custodian of any securities or other assets held by the Fund. The Custody Agreement provides that the Custodian will use reasonable care, prudence and diligence with respect to its obligations under the Custody Agreement and the safekeeping of the Fund’s property and shall be liable to and shall indemnify

 

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the Trust from and against any loss which occurs as a result of the failure of the Custodian or a sub-custodian to exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence with respect to their respective obligations under the Custody Agreement and the safekeeping of such property. The Custodian is not responsible for any act, omission, or default of, or for the solvency of, any broker or agent which it or a sub-custodian appoints and uses unless such appointment and use is made or done negligently or in bad faith. In addition, the Trust’s custodial arrangements provide, with respect to foreign securities, that the Custodian shall not be: (i) responsible for the solvency of any subcustodian appointed by it with reasonable care; (ii) responsible for any act, omission, default or for the solvency of any eligible foreign securities depository; and (iii) liable for any loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim resulting from nationalization, expropriation, currency restrictions, or acts of war or terrorism or any loss where the subcustodian has otherwise exercised reasonable care. The Custodian also may appoint agents to carry out such of the provisions of the Custodian Agreement and the Foreign Custody Agreement as the Custodian may from time to time direct, provided that the appointment of an agent shall not relieve the Custodian of any of its responsibilities under either Custody Agreement.

As compensation for the domestic custody services rendered with respect to the Fund, and the assumption by the Custodian of certain related expenses, the Custodian is entitled to payment from the Trust as follows: (a) a basic custodial fee of (i) $18,000 annually for the Fund; plus (ii) 1/100th of 1% annually of the Fund’s average daily net assets to the extent they exceed $100 million, plus (b) a fixed dollar fee for each trade in portfolio securities; plus (c) a fixed dollar fee for each time that the Custodian receives or transmits funds via wire; plus (d) reimbursement of other out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Custodian. The fees referred to in clauses (b) and (c) are subject to annual upward adjustments based on increases in the CPI-U, provided that the Custodian may permanently or temporarily waive all or any portion of any upward adjustment. The Custodian’s fees under the Custody Agreement are subject to reduction based on the Fund’s daily-uninvested U.S. cash balances (if any).

Unless sooner terminated, the Trust’s Management Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreements with respect to the Fund will continue in effect for the Fund until June 30, 2017. Thereafter, each of the foregoing Agreements will continue in effect for successive 12-month periods, provided that the continuance is approved at least annually (i) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Management Agreement or “interested persons” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of any party thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval and (ii) by the Trustees or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund (as defined under “Description of Shares”). The Management Agreement is terminable at any time without penalty by the Trust (by specified Trustee or shareholder action) or by the Investment Adviser on 60 days’ written notice. The Transfer Agency and Service Agreement shall continue indefinitely until terminated by the Trust by not less than 90 days’ written notice or by the Transfer Agent by not less than six months written notice. The Custody Agreement shall continue indefinitely until terminated by the Trust by not less than 60 days’ written notice, or by the Custodian by not less than 90 days’ written notice.

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

The portfolio managers for the Fund are listed in the chart below.

 

Fund

  

Portfolio Manager

Active M U.S. Equity Fund

   NTI
  

Christopher E. Vella, CFA

Jessica K. Hart

 

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Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers

The following tables describe certain information with respect to accounts for which the portfolio manager has day-to-day responsibility as of November 30, 2015, including all Northern Funds managed by the portfolio manager.

Active M U.S. Equity Fund

NTI

The table below discloses the accounts within each type of category listed below for which Christopher E. Vella, CFA was jointly and primarily responsible for day-to-day portfolio management.

 

Type of Accounts

   Total
# of
Accounts
Managed
   Total Assets
(in Billions)
   # of Accounts
Managed that
Advisory Fee

is Based on
Performance
   Total Assets that
Advisory Fee

is Based on
Performance

(in Millions)

Northern Funds (including Northern Multi-Manager Funds):

   9    $6.1    0    $0

Northern Institutional Funds:

   0    $0    0    $0

Other Registered Investment Companies:

   0    $0    0    $0

Other Pooled Investment Vehicles:

   0    $0    0    $0

Other Accounts:

   0    $0    0    $0

The table below discloses the accounts within each type of category listed below for which Jessica K. Hart was jointly and primarily responsible for day-to-day portfolio management.

 

Type of Accounts

   Total
# of
Accounts
Managed
   Total Assets
(in Billions)
   # of Accounts
Managed that
Advisory Fee

is Based on
Performance
   Total Assets that
Advisory Fee

is Based on
Performance

(in Millions)

Northern Funds (including Northern Multi-Manager Funds):

   9    $6.1    0    $0

Northern Institutional Funds:

   0    $0    0    $0

Other Registered Investment Companies:

   0    $0    0    $0

Other Pooled Investment Vehicles:

   0    $0    0    $0

Other Accounts:

   0    $0    0    $0

Material Conflicts of Interest

NTI’s portfolio managers are often responsible for managing one or more Fund, as well as other accounts, including separate accounts and other pooled investment vehicles. The Fund’s manager may manage a separate account or other pooled investment vehicle that may have a materially higher or lower fee arrangement with NTI than the Fund. The side-by-side management of these accounts may raise potential conflicts of interest relating to cross trading, the allocation of investment opportunities and the aggregation and allocation of trades. In addition, while portfolio managers generally only manage accounts with similar investment strategies, it is possible, due to varying investment restrictions among accounts and for other reasons, that certain investments could be made for some accounts and not others or conflicting investment positions could be taken among accounts. NTI has a responsibility to manage all client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. It seeks to provide best execution of all securities transactions and aggregate and then allocate securities to client accounts in a fair and timely manner. To this end, NTI has developed policies and procedures designed to mitigate and manage the potential conflicts of interest that may arise from side-by-side management. In addition, NTI and the Trust have adopted policies limiting the circumstances under which cross-trades may be effected between the Fund and another client account. NTI conducts periodic reviews of trades for consistency with these policies.

 

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NTI will give advice to and make investment decisions for the Trust as it believes is in the best interest of the Trust. Advice given to the Trust or investment decisions made for the Trust may differ from, and may conflict with, advice given or investment decisions made for NTI or its affiliates or other funds or accounts managed by NTI or its affiliates. For example, other funds or accounts managed by NTI may sell short securities of an issuer in which the Trust has taken, or will take, a long position in the same securities. The subsequent purchase may result in an increase of the price of the underlying position in the short sale exposure of the Trust and such increase in price would be to the Trust’s detriment. Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding the Trust may benefit NTI or its affiliates or another account or fund managed by NTI or its affiliates. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by the Trust may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) another account or fund managed by NTI or its affiliates, and the purchase of a security or covering a short position in a security by the Trust may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) another account or fund managed by NTI or its affiliates. Actions taken with respect to NTI and its affiliates’ other funds or accounts managed by them may adversely impact the Fund, and actions taken by the Fund may benefit NTI or its affiliates or its other funds or accounts.

To the extent permitted by applicable law, NTI may make payments to authorized dealers and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) from time to time to promote the Fund. These payments may be made out of NTI’s assets, or amounts payable to NTI rather than as a separately identifiable charge to the Fund. These payments may compensate Intermediaries for, among other things: marketing the Fund; access to the Intermediaries’ registered representatives or salespersons, including at conferences and other meetings; assistance in training and education of personnel; marketing support; and/or other specified services intended to assist in the distribution and marketing of the Fund. The payments may also, to the extent permitted by applicable regulations, contribute to various non-cash and cash incentive arrangements to promote certain products, as well as sponsor various educational programs, sales contests and/or for subaccounting, administrative and/or shareholder processing services that are in addition to the fees paid for these services for such products.

The following descriptions of material conflicts of interest were supplied to the Trust by each Sub-Adviser. The Trust has not verified the accuracy of the descriptions provided by the Sub-Advisers.

Active M U.S. Equity Fund

Delaware Investments

Individual portfolio managers may perform investment management services for other funds or accounts similar to those provided to the Fund and the investment action for such other funds or accounts and the Fund may differ. For example, an account or fund may be selling a security, while another account or fund or the Fund may be purchasing or holding the same security. As a result, transactions executed for one fund or account may adversely affect the value of securities held by another fund or account or the Fund. Additionally, the management of multiple other funds or accounts and the Fund may give rise to potential conflicts of interest, as a portfolio manager must allocate time and effort to multiple funds or accounts and the Fund. A portfolio manager may discover an investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one account or fund. The investment opportunity may be limited, however, so that all funds or accounts for which the investment would be suitable may not be able to participate. Delaware Investments has adopted procedures designed to allocate investments fairly across multiple funds or accounts.

 

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Two of the accounts managed by the portfolio managers have a performance-based fee. This compensation structure presents a potential conflict of interest because the portfolio managers have an incentive to manage these accounts so as to enhance their performance, to the possible detriment of other accounts for which the Delaware Investments does not receive a performance-based fee.

A portfolio manager’s management of personal accounts also may present certain conflicts of interest. While Delaware Investments’ Code of Ethics is designed to address these potential conflicts, there is no guarantee that it will do so. Delaware Investments, through the trading department of Delaware Management Business Trust (DMBT), of which it is a series, selects brokers, dealers and banks to execute transactions for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities based upon a judgment of their professional capability to provide the service. The primary consideration is to provide best execution. Delaware Investments and its affiliates use commission revenues from equity trades to pay for research received by the manager. Under brokerage and research allowable under the safe harbor protections described in Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act, equity commissions are used to pay brokers or dealers for research services such as: advice, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities. In addition, the research may include: furnishing analyses and reports concerning issuers, securities, or industries; providing information on economic factors and trends; assistance in determining portfolio performance evaluation and technical market analysis. Delaware Investments and its affiliates also receive research from brokers or dealers that is provided to the broker or dealer by a third party.

Delaware Investments supports the protection of clients’ interests through oversight and monitoring practices that relate to the use of commission revenues. As part of its brokerage allocation practices, Delaware Investments has incorporated a formal review and approval of third party services to assess the service’s use under Section 28(e) as well as any budgetary considerations. In addition, the Commission Committee performs a periodic review of commissions including: overall use, allocation of commissions and any related commission matters.

All transactions are subject to best execution.

Granite

Granite’s compliance policies and procedures address monitoring and controlling potential conflicts of interest and potential conflicts are covered in its risk analysis.

For example, Granite currently serves as both the investment manager and the managing member of a private fund. The fund has a performance allocation and is managed side by side with other client accounts which do not receive a performance fee. There could be a conflict of interest since Granite could put the interests of the Fund before other clients when trading. However, Granite attempts to mitigate potential conflict by aggregating trades and allocating at the average among client accounts, including the private fund.

Granite has an internal procedure for allocating transactions in a manner consistent with its execution policy to brokers that it has identified as providing execution and research, research-related products or services of a particular benefit to its clients. Granite’s trading policies and use of commissions are overseen by the CCO. It is Granite’s policy to seek “best execution” for portfolio transactions. In selecting brokers and dealers for, and in negotiating commissions on agency transactions, Granite considers a number of factors, including, but not limited to:

 

   

the nature of the security being traded;

 

   

the size and type of the transaction;

 

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the nature and character of the markets for the security to be purchased or sold;

 

   

the desired timing of the trade;

 

   

the activity existing and expected in the market for the particular security;

 

   

confidentiality;

 

   

the quality of the execution, clearance and settlement services;

 

   

financial stability of the broker or dealer

 

   

the existence of actual or apparent operational problems of any broker or dealer;

 

   

the internal commission budget for Granite established by each broker-dealer;

 

   

research products or services provided.

In recognition of the foregoing factors, Granite may place portfolio transactions with a broker or dealer with whom it has negotiated a commission that is in excess of the commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if Granite determines in good faith that such amount of commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research, provided by such broker or dealer viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the overall responsibilities of Granite. Granite does not currently intend to enter into third party soft dollar arrangements in connection with the Fund.

In those cases where Granite enters into soft dollar arrangements, Granite may receive a benefit from the research services and products that is not passed on to the client in the form of a direct monetary benefit. Further, research services and products may be useful to Granite in providing investment advice to any of the clients it advises. Likewise, information made available to Granite from brokerage firms effecting securities transactions for a client may be utilized on behalf of another client. Thus, there may be no correlation between the amount of brokerage commissions generated by a particular client and the indirect benefits received by that client.

 

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London

Actual or potential conflicts of interest may arise when the portfolio manager has management responsibilities for more than one client account including and not limited to the execution and allocation of investment opportunities, use of soft dollars, disparate fee arrangements, other brokerage practices, and personal securities trading. London has adopted policies and procedures (including, but not limited to best execution standards) it believes are reasonably designed to address such conflicts.

London may consider the value of various services or products that a broker provides to the firm, including the value of research services and products. Selecting a broker in recognition of such other services or products is known as paying for those services or products with “soft dollars”. Soft dollar practices come into play when an investment adviser executes transactions with a broker with which it has an arrangement to receive research products and services. London uses soft dollars to acquire research products and services that fall within the safe harbor provided by the SEC under Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act.

Receipt of research from brokers who execute client trades involves conflicts of interest. An adviser that uses client brokerage commissions to obtain research receives a benefit, because it does not have to produce or pay out-of-pocket for the research. Therefore, the adviser may have an incentive to select or recommend a broker based on its desire to receive the soft-dollar research in lieu of best execution of client transactions. While it is possible that a commission incurred by the client may be higher on any given transaction, the selection of the executing broker/dealer is made with all factors in mind, including execution efficiency, settlement capabilities, research and overall financial health of the broker.

In order to mitigate this conflict:

 

   

London does not enter into agreements with any broker regarding the placement of securities based solely on soft dollar research.

 

   

Research acquired by London through soft dollars is used for the benefit of all clients, even though not all client transactions are executed at one brokerage firm. It should be noted that the value of research cannot be measured precisely and commissions paid for research services certainly cannot always be allocated to clients in direct proportion to the value of the services to each client. London does not usually attempt to allocate the relative costs or benefits of research among client accounts because it believes that, in the aggregate, the research it receives benefits clients and assists London in fulfilling its overall duty to its clients.

London may also use soft dollars to pay for a portion of certain “mixed use” items (products or services that provide both research and non-research benefits). Although the allocation between soft dollars and cash is not always capable of precise calculation, London makes a good faith effort to allocate such items reasonably between the brokerage and research services and other benefits and pays for such other benefits in cash. Records of any such allocations and payments are maintained.

Within the firm’s last fiscal year, soft dollar arrangements have acquired research services through soft dollar transactions including, but not limited to:

 

   

economic, industry or company research reports or investment recommendations;

 

   

compilations of securities prices, earnings, dividends and similar data;

 

   

certain computerized databases; and

 

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quotation services, research or analytical computer software and services.

Polen Capital

Polen Capital may manage, at the same time, accounts that are charged a performance-based fee and accounts that are charged a fee only based on assets under management (referred to as “side-by-side” management). As a result, Polen Capital has an incentive to favor accounts for which Polen Capital receives a performance-based fee because such accounts could generate higher compensation. As part of its duties to its clients, Polen Capital endeavors at all times to treat clients fairly without advantaging any client over another or benefiting itself to the detriment of advisory clients.

Polen Capital has in place Ethics Rules (the “Rules”), which are comprised of the Code of Ethics and Insider Trading policies and procedures. The Rules are designed to ensure that its personnel (i) observe applicable legal (including compliance with applicable state and federal securities laws) and ethical standards in the performance of their duties; (ii) at all times place the interests of its clients first; (iii) disclose all actual or potential conflicts; (iv) adhere to the highest standards of loyalty, candor and care in all matters relating to its clients; (v) conduct all personal trading consistent with the Rules and in such a manner as to avoid any actual, potential or perceived conflict of interest or any abuse of their position of trust and responsibility; and (vi) not use any material non-public information in securities trading. The Rules also establish policies regarding other matters such as outside employment, the giving or receiving of gifts, and safeguarding portfolio holdings information.

Polen Capital client accounts generally invest in many of the same securities. Certain related persons of Polen Capital own and/or otherwise have interests in such securities directly for their own accounts and/or as investors in the funds to which Polen Capital serves as investment manager. In order to avoid conflicts of interest, the Chief Compliance Officer or another designated employee of Polen Capital monitors personal trading by Polen Capital’s related persons on a quarterly or more frequent basis, to prevent any such trading from adversely affecting any of Polen Capital’s client accounts. Polen Capital may occasionally purchase or sell the same security for more than one account on the same trading day. In order to avoid favoring one account over another and/or the personal accounts of related persons, Polen Capital averages the prices of all non-directed trades in the same security on the same day when making allocations to each account.

Polen Capital has a potential conflict between the client’s interest in seeking best execution and its interest in receiving future referrals. In the case of a referring broker-dealer, a conflict of interest may exist between the client’s interest in seeking best execution and Polen Capital’s interest in receiving future referrals from that broker-dealer. If the client chooses not to direct its brokerage to a specified broker-dealer, such as the referring broker-dealer, then Polen Capital has various brokerage options for custody and execution services for clients. These brokerage services can be provided by any broker-dealer approved by Polen Capital to provide such services. Polen Capital will seek to obtain best execution for client transactions executed through any other broker-dealer that Polen Capital chooses to provide brokerage services to clients.

Polen Capital does not have any arrangement that contractually or financially obligates the firm regarding the amount of brokerage commissions directed to a particular broker. However, Polen Capital does accept proprietary research (bundled research) and technology services from broker-dealers and this may be a factor in determining broker-dealer selection. Polen Capital believes that such research and services is generally made available to all institutional investors doing meaningful business with such broker-dealers. These services are made available to Polen Capital on a solicited and unsolicited basis. Polen Capital does not separately compensate broker-dealers for these services.

 

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Portfolio Manager Compensation Structure

NTI

As of March 31, 2015, the compensation for NTI portfolio managers of the Fund is based on the competitive marketplace and consists of a fixed base salary plus a variable annual cash incentive award. Certain portfolio managers may receive part of their incentive award in the form of phantom shares of a fund that they manage. The award tracks the performance of the Fund and is settled in cash when vested. In addition, non-cash incentives, such as stock options or restricted stock of Northern Trust Corporation, may be awarded from time to time. The annual incentive award is discretionary and is based on a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of each portfolio manager’s investment performance and contribution to his or her equity product team plus the financial performance of the investment business unit and Northern Trust Corporation as a whole. In addition, the portfolio manager’s annual incentive award is based primarily on the investment performance of the Fund. Performance is measured against the Fund’s benchmark(s) and in some cases its Lipper peer group for the prior one-year and three-year periods on a pre-tax basis. The annual incentive award is not based on the amount of assets held in the Fund. Moreover, no material differences exist between the compensation structure for mutual fund accounts and other types of accounts.

Active M U.S. Equity Fund

Sub-Advisers

Delaware Investments

Each portfolio manager’s compensation consists of the following:

Base Salary—Each named portfolio manager receives a fixed base salary. Salaries are determined by a comparison to industry data prepared by third parties to ensure that portfolio manager salaries are in line with salaries paid at peer investment advisory firms.

Bonus—Each named portfolio manager is eligible to receive an annual cash bonus. The bonus pool is determined by the revenues associated with the products a portfolio manager manages. Delaware Investments keeps a percentage of the revenues and the remaining percentage of revenues (minus appropriate expenses associated with relevant product and the investment management team) create the “bonus pool” for the product. Various members of the team have the ability to earn a percentage of the bonus pool. The pool is allotted based on subjective factors and objective factors. The primary objective factor is the one-, three-, and five-year performance of the funds managed relative to the performance of the appropriate Lipper peer groups and the performance of institutional composites relative to the appropriate indices. Three and five-year performance is weighted more heavily and there is no objective award for a fund whose performance falls below the 50th percentile for a given time period. Individual allocations of the bonus pool are based on individual performance measurements, both objective and subjective, as determined by senior management.

Portfolio managers participate in retention programs, including the Delaware Investments Incentive Unit Plan, the Delaware Investments Notional Investment Plan, and the Macquarie Group Employee Retained Equity Plan, for alignment of interest purposes.

Delaware Investments Incentive Unit Plan—Each named portfolio manager may be awarded incentive unit awards (“Awards”) relating to the underlying shares of common stock of Delaware Management Holdings, Inc. issuable pursuant to the terms of the Delaware Investments Incentive Unit Plan (the “Plan”) adopted on November 30, 2010. The Plan was adopted in order to: assist Delaware Investments in attracting, retaining, and rewarding key employees of the company; enable such

 

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employees to acquire or increase an equity interest in the company in order to align the interest of such employees and Delaware Investments; and provide such employees with incentives to expend their maximum efforts. Subject to the terms of the Plan and applicable award agreements, Awards typically vest in 25% increments on a four-year schedule, and shares of common stock underlying the Awards are issued after vesting. The fair market value of the shares of Delaware Management Holdings, Inc., is normally determined as of each March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 by an independent appraiser. Generally, a stockholder may put shares back to the company during the put period communicated in connection with the applicable valuation.

Delaware Investments Notional Investment Plan—A portion of a portfolio manager’s retained profit share may be notionally exposed to the return of a portfolio of Delaware Investments Family of Funds-managed funds pursuant to the terms of the Delaware Investments Notional Investment Plan. The retained amount will vest in three equal tranches in each of the first, second and third years following the date upon which the investment is made.

Macquarie Group Employee Retained Equity Plan—A portion of a portfolio manager’s retained profit share may be invested in the Macquarie Group Employee Retained Equity Plan (“MEREP”), which is used to deliver remuneration in the form of Macquarie Group Limited (“Macquarie”) equity. The main type of award currently being offered under the MEREP is units comprising a beneficial interest in a Macquarie share held in a trust for the employee, subject to the vesting and forfeiture provisions of the MEREP. Subject to vesting conditions, vesting and release of the shares occurs in equal tranches two, three, and four years after the date of investment.

Other Compensation—Portfolio managers may also participate in benefit plans and programs available generally to all employees.

Granite

Granite’s compensation plan for investment professionals is a combination of both formula and discretionary components. Currently, all full-time portfolio managers are principals of the firm and are remunerated in accordance with Granite’s operating agreement which provides for a compensation plan as follows: (i) minimum base draw against incentive compensation (ii) revenue-based and performance-based compensation for each team (Small Cap and Large Cap) and (iii) a profits interest in the company. Analysts are compensated based on the following: (i) base compensation (ii) subjective bonus based on contribution to strategy and firm (iii) a profits interest in the company (if applicable)

The factors taken into consideration for determining maximum incentive compensation amounts is as follows: Portfolio performance based calculation based upon (i) relative rankings of track record (pre-tax) and return formula criteria and (ii) revenue generated from the clients of each strategy. Additional factors include such items as: co-management responsibilities; portfolio performance versus peer universe rankings; and length of time managing portfolios (based on annualized returns of one year, three years, five years and ten years or since inception whichever is shorter). For purposes of determining the level of performance-based compensation, potential track records (pre-tax) are based on full years of portfolio management experience.

Portfolio managers, and other key investment personnel, have membership interests in Granite and are evaluated on an annual basis to determine additional allocations of membership interest. Such interests entitle the members to distribution of profits as well as certain liquidity features. The interests effectively vest over a determined time period so as to provide a retention incentive. New equity grants generally contain a three year vesting period. This ownership feature is intended to create both stability and an entrepreneurial atmosphere at Granite.

 

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The Portfolio Manager of the Fund is compensated in the same manner as other accounts in the same strategy.

London

Portfolio managers are compensated with a combination of salary and bonus. Investment professionals are evaluated on specific responsibilities that include investment recommendations, quality of research, client retention, and overall contribution to the firm. Annual reviews are given and above average compensation increases plus bonuses are targeted with firm growth and individual performance. There are no specific incentive arrangements for performance attached to the Fund. A substantial portion of a portfolio manager’s compensation is not tied to performance of the accounts he or she manages.

Polen Capital

The following are all components of compensation for both investment and non-investment personnel of Polen Capital:

 

   

Competitive base salary – Polen Capital uses compensation surveys as well as relative peer comparisons during recruiting to ensure base salaries are competitive.

 

   

401 (k) / Profit Sharing Plan – At the end of each calendar year, Polen Capital allocates a discretionary amount to fund the profit sharing plan, the size of the allocation is correlated with Polen Capital’s profits. Individual allocations are formulaic based on plan documents / ERISA rules. Profit sharing vests over a five-year period.

 

   

Merit based bonuses – An annual bonus pool is funded based upon a formula tied to Polen Capital’s EBITDA, thus the larger Polen Capital’s profits the larger the bonus pool. Individual bonuses then are determined based upon accomplishment of individual and team goals, and overall contribution to Polen Capital.

 

   

Firm performance based bonuses – At the end of each calendar year, Polen Capital allocates an additional bonus to certain employees (i.e., employees who are not equity owners and employees who are not members of the distribution team) if Polen Capital’s AUM reaches a predetermined target level.

 

   

Equity owners receive their pro rata allocation of annual profits.

Disclosure of Securities Ownership

As of the date of this SAI, no shares of the Fund were outstanding and the Fund’s portfolio managers did not own any shares of the Fund.

PROXY VOTING

Northern Funds has delegated the voting of portfolio securities to the Investment Adviser. The Investment Adviser has adopted the proxy voting policies and procedures applicable to Northern Trust Corporation and its affiliates (the “Northern Proxy Voting Policy”) for the voting of proxies on behalf of client accounts for which the Investment Adviser has voting discretion, including the Fund. Under the Northern Proxy Voting Policy, shares are to be voted in the best interests of the Fund.

A Proxy Committee comprised of senior investment and compliance officers of the Investment Adviser has adopted certain guidelines (the “Proxy Guidelines”) concerning various corporate governance

 

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issues. The Proxy Committee has the responsibility for the content, interpretation and application of the Proxy Guidelines and may apply these Proxy Guidelines with a measure of flexibility. The Investment Adviser has retained an independent third party (the “Service Firm”) to review proxy proposals and to make voting recommendations to the Proxy Committee in a manner consistent with the Proxy Guidelines. The Proxy Committee will apply the Proxy Guidelines as discussed below to any such recommendation.

The Proxy Guidelines provide that the Proxy Committee will generally vote for or against various proxy proposals, usually based upon certain specified criteria. As an example, the Proxy Guidelines provide that the Proxy Committee will generally vote in favor of proposals to:

 

   

Repeal existing classified boards and elect directors on an annual basis;

 

   

Adopt a written majority voting or withhold policy (in situations in which a company has not previously adopted such a policy);

 

   

Lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for charter and bylaw amendments;

 

   

Lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for mergers and other business combinations;

 

   

Increase common share authorizations for a stock split;

 

   

Implement a reverse stock split;

 

   

Approve an ESOP (employee stock ownership plan) or other broad based employee stock purchase or ownership plan, or increase authorized shares for existing plans; and

 

   

Adopt certain social and environmental issues regarding discrimination, disclosures of environmental impact, animal treatment and corporate sustainability, when appropriate.

The Proxy Guidelines also provide that the Proxy Committee will generally vote against proposals to:

 

   

Elect director nominees that sit on more than six public company boards, or, if the nominee is a CEO, more than three public company boards;

 

   

Classify the board of directors;

 

   

Require that poison pill plans be submitted for shareholder ratification;

 

   

Adopt dual class exchange offers or dual class recapitalizations;

 

   

Require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve mergers and other significant business combinations;

 

   

Require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve charter and bylaw amendments; and

 

   

Adopt certain social and environmental proposals deemed unwarranted by the company’s board of directors.

 

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In certain circumstances, the Proxy Guidelines provide that proxy proposals will be addressed on a case-by-case basis, including those regarding executive and director compensation plans, mergers and acquisitions, ratification of poison pill plans, a change in the company’s state of incorporation and an increase in authorized common stock.

Except as otherwise provided in the Northern Proxy Voting Policy, the Proxy Committee may vote proxies contrary to the recommendations of the Service Firm if it determines that such action is in the best interest of the Fund. In exercising its discretion, the Proxy Committee may take into account a wide array of factors relating to the matter under consideration, the nature of the proposal and the company involved. As a result, the Proxy Committee may vote in one manner in the case of one company and in a different manner in the case of another where, for example, the past history of the company, the character and integrity of its management, the role of outside directors, and the company’s record of producing performance for investors justifies a high degree of confidence in the company and the effect of the proposal on the value of the investment. Similarly, poor past performance, uncertainties about management and future directions, and other factors may lead the Proxy Committee to conclude that particular proposals present unacceptable investment risks and should not be supported. In addition, the Proxy Committee also evaluates proposals in context. For example, a particular proposal may be acceptable standing alone, but objectionable when part of an existing or proposed package. Special circumstances may also justify casting different votes for different clients with respect to the same proxy vote.

The Investment Adviser may choose not to vote proxies in certain situations. This may occur, for example, in situations where the exercise of voting rights could restrict the ability to freely trade the security in question (as is the case, for example, in certain foreign jurisdictions known as “blocking markets”). In circumstances in which the Service Firm does not provide recommendations for a particular proxy, the Proxy Committee may obtain recommendations from analysts at the Investment Adviser who review the issuer in question or the industry in general. The Proxy Committee will apply the Proxy Guidelines as discussed above to any such recommendation.

This summary and the Northern Proxy Voting Policy and Proxy Guidelines, as adopted by the Investment Adviser, are posted in the Account Resources section of the Northern Funds’ web site, www.northernfunds.com. You may also obtain, upon request and without charge, a paper copy of the Northern Proxy Voting Policy and Proxy Guidelines or an SAI by calling 800-595-9111.

Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies, if any, relating to portfolio securities for the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available, without charge, upon request, by contacting Northern Trust or by visiting the Northern Funds’ web site at www.northernfunds.com or the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov.

DISTRIBUTOR

The Trust has entered into a Distribution Agreement under which Northern Funds Distributors, LLC (“NFD”), with principal offices at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101, as agent, distributes the shares of the Fund on a continuous basis. The Investment Adviser pays the cost of printing and distributing prospectuses to persons who are not shareholders of the Trust (excluding preparation and typesetting expenses) and of certain other distribution efforts. No compensation is payable by the Trust to NFD for such distribution services. However, the Investment Adviser has entered into an agreement with NFD under which it makes payments to NFD in consideration for its services under the Distribution Agreement. The payments made by the Investment Adviser to NFD do not represent an additional expense to the Trust or its shareholders. NFD is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Foreside Distributors, LLC (“Foreside Distributors”), based in Portland, Maine, and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group, LLC. The Distribution Agreement provides that the Trust will indemnify NFD against

 

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certain liabilities relating to untrue statements or omissions of material fact except those resulting from the reliance on information furnished to the Trust by NFD, or those resulting from the willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence of NFD, or NFD’s breach of confidentiality.

Under a License Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with Foreside Distributors, Northern Trust Corporation agrees that the name “Northern Funds” may be used by Foreside Distributors and NFD in connection with providing services to the Trust on a royalty-free basis. Northern Trust Corporation has reserved to itself the right to grant the non-exclusive right to use the name “Northern Funds” to any other person. The License Agreement provides that at such time as the License Agreement is no longer in effect, Foreside Distributors and NFD will cease using the name “Northern Funds.”

SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS

As stated in the Fund’s Prospectus, the Fund may enter into agreements from time to time with Service Organizations providing for support services to customers of the Service Organizations who are the beneficial owners of Fund shares. Under the agreements, the Fund may pay Service Organizations up to 0.25% (on an annualized basis) of the average daily NAV of the shares beneficially owned by their customers. Support services provided by Service Organizations under their agreements may include: (i) processing dividend and distribution payments from the Fund; (ii) providing information periodically to customers showing their share positions; (iii) arranging for bank wires; (iv) responding to customer inquiries; (v) providing subaccounting with respect to shares beneficially owned by customers or the information necessary for subaccounting; (vi) forwarding shareholder communications; (vii) assisting in processing share purchase, exchange and redemption requests from customers; (viii) assisting customers in changing dividend options, account designations and addresses; and (ix) other similar services requested by the Fund.

The Fund’s arrangements with Service Organizations under the agreements are governed by a Service Plan, which has been adopted by the Board of Trustees. In accordance with the Service Plan, the Board of Trustees reviews, at least quarterly, a written report of the amounts expended in connection with the Fund’s arrangements with Service Organizations and the purposes for which the expenditures were made. In addition, the Fund’s arrangements with Service Organizations must be approved annually by a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act and have no direct or indirect financial interest in such arrangements (the “Disinterested Trustees”).

The Board of Trustees believes that there is a reasonable likelihood that its arrangements with Service Organizations will benefit the Fund and its shareholders. Any material amendment to the arrangements with Service Organizations under the agreements must be approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees (including a majority of the Disinterested Trustees).

COUNSEL AND INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, with offices at One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-6996 and 191 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606-1698, serves as counsel to the Trust, as well as its non-interested Trustees.

Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, 111 South Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois, 60606-4301, has been appointed to serve as an independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust. In addition to audit services, an affiliate of Deloitte & Touche LLP reviews the Trust’s federal and state tax returns.

 

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IN-KIND PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS

Payment for shares of the Fund may, in the discretion of Northern Trust, be made in the form of securities that are permissible investments for the Fund as described in the Prospectus. For further information about this form of payment, contact the Transfer Agent. In connection with an in-kind securities payment, the Fund will require, among other things, that the securities be valued on the day of purchase in accordance with the pricing methods used by the Fund and that the Fund receive satisfactory assurances that it will have good and marketable title to the securities received by it; that the securities be in proper form for transfer to the Fund; and that adequate information be provided concerning the basis and other tax matters relating to the securities.

Although the Fund generally will redeem shares in cash, the Fund reserves the right to pay redemptions by a distribution in-kind of securities (instead of cash) from the Fund. The securities distributed in-kind would be readily marketable and would be valued for this purpose using the same method employed in calculating the Fund’s NAV per share. If a shareholder receives redemption proceeds in-kind, the shareholder should expect to incur transaction costs upon the disposition of the securities received in the redemption.

REDEMPTION FEES AND REQUIREMENTS

Shares of the Fund are sold and generally redeemed without any purchase or redemption charge imposed by the Trust.

AUTOMATIC INVESTING PLAN

The Automatic Investing Plan permits an investor to use “Dollar Cost Averaging” in making investments. Instead of trying to time market performance, a fixed dollar amount is invested in shares at predetermined intervals. This may help investors reduce their average cost per share because the agreed upon fixed investment amount allows more shares to be purchased during periods of lower share prices and fewer shares during periods of higher share prices. In order to be effective, Dollar Cost Averaging usually should be followed on a sustained, consistent basis. Investors should be aware, however, that shares bought using Dollar Cost Averaging are purchased without regard to their price on the day of investment or to market trends. Dollar Cost Averaging does not assure a profit and does not protect against losses in a declining market. In addition, while investors may find Dollar Cost Averaging to be beneficial, it will not prevent a loss if an investor ultimately redeems shares at a price which is lower than their purchase price. An investor may want to consider his or her financial ability to continue purchases through periods of low price levels.

DIRECTED REINVESTMENTS

In addition to having your income dividends and/or capital gains distributions reinvested in shares of the Fund from which such distributions are paid, you may elect the directed reinvestment option and have dividends and capital gains distributions automatically invested in another Northern Fund. Reinvestments can only be directed to an existing Northern Funds account (which must meet the minimum investment requirement). Directed reinvestments may be used to invest funds from a regular account to another regular account, from a qualified plan account to another qualified plan account, or from a qualified plan account to a regular account. Directed reinvestments from a qualified plan account to a regular account may have adverse tax consequences including imposition of a penalty tax and, therefore, you should consult your own tax adviser before commencing these transactions.

 

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REDEMPTIONS AND EXCHANGES

Exchange requests received on a business day prior to the time shares of the Fund involved in the request are priced will be processed on the date of receipt. “Processing” a request means that shares in the Fund from which the shareholder is withdrawing an investment will be redeemed at the NAV per share next determined on the date of receipt. Shares of a new Fund into which the shareholder is investing also normally will be purchased at the NAV per share next determined coincident to or after the time of redemption. Exchange requests received on a business day after the time shares of the Fund involved in the request are priced and will be processed on the next business day in the manner described above.

The Trust may redeem shares involuntarily to reimburse the Fund for any loss sustained by reason of the failure of a shareholder to make full payment for shares purchased by the shareholder or to collect any charge relating to a transaction effected for the benefit of a shareholder which is applicable to Fund shares as provided in the Fund’s Prospectus from time to time. The Trust reserves the right on 30 days’ written notice, to redeem the shares held in any account if at the time of redemption, the NAV of the remaining shares in the account falls below $1,000. Such involuntary redemptions will not be made if the value of shares in an account falls below the minimum solely because of a decline in the Fund’s NAV. The Trust also may involuntarily redeem shares held by any shareholder who provides incorrect or incomplete account information or when such redemptions are necessary to avoid adverse consequences to the Fund and its shareholders or the Transfer Agent.

RETIREMENT PLANS

Shares of the Fund may be purchased in connection with certain tax-sheltered retirement plans, including profit-sharing plans, 401(k) plans, money purchase pension plans, target benefit plans and individual retirement accounts. Further information about how to participate in these plans, the fees charged and the limits on contributions can be obtained from Northern Trust. To invest through any of the tax-sheltered retirement plans, please call Northern Trust for information and the required separate application. To determine whether the benefits of a tax-sheltered retirement plan are available and/or appropriate, a shareholder should consult with a tax adviser.

EXPENSES

Except as set forth above and in this SAI, the Fund is responsible for the payment of its expenses. These expenses include, without limitation, the fees and expenses payable to the Investment Adviser, Sub-Advisers, Transfer Agent and Custodian; brokerage fees and commissions, fees for the registration or qualification of Fund shares under federal or state securities laws; expenses of the organization of the Trust; taxes; interest; costs of liability insurance, fidelity bonds, indemnification or contribution, any costs, expenses or losses arising out of any liability of, or claim for damages or other relief asserted against the Trust for violation of any law; legal, tax and auditing fees and expenses; expenses of preparing and printing prospectuses, statements of additional information, proxy materials, reports and notices and distributing of the same to the Fund’s shareholders and regulatory authorities; compensation and expenses of its non-interested Trustees; payments to Service Organizations; fees of industry organizations such as the Investment Company Institute and Mutual Fund Directors Forum; acquired fund fees and expenses; expenses of third party consultants engaged by the Board of Trustees; expenses in connection with the negotiation and renewal of the revolving credit facility; and miscellaneous and extraordinary expenses incurred by the Trust.

NTI has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of the Fund’s expenses during the current fiscal year. The result of these reimbursements will be to increase the performance of the Fund during the periods for which the reimbursements are made. The contractual reimbursement arrangements are expected to continue until at least July 31, 2017.

 

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PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

You may call 800-595-9111 to obtain performance information or visit northernfunds.com.

Performance reflects expense reimbursements, as previously discussed in this SAI. If such expense reimbursements were not in place, the Fund’s performance would have been reduced.

The Fund calculates its total returns on an “annual total return” basis for various periods. Average annual total return reflects the average annual percentage change in value of an investment in the Fund over the measuring period. Total returns for shares of the Fund also may be calculated on an “aggregate total return” basis for various periods. Aggregate total return reflects the total percentage change in value over the measuring period. Both methods of calculating total return reflect changes in the price of the Fund’s shares and assume that any dividends and capital gain distributions made by the Fund during the period are reinvested in the shares of the Fund. When considering average total return figures for periods longer than one year, it is important to note that the annual total return of the Fund for any one year in the period might have been more or less than the average for the entire period. The Fund also may advertise from time to time the total return of the Fund on a year-by-year or other basis for various specified periods by means of quotations, charts, graphs or schedules.

The Fund calculates its “average annual total return” by determining the average annual compounded rate of return during specified periods that equates the initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value (“ERV”) of such investment according to the following formula:

P(1+T)n = ERV

 

Where:   P =   hypothetical initial payment of $1,000;
  T =   average annual total return;
  n =   period covered by the computation, expressed in terms of years; and
  ERV =   ending redeemable value at the end of the 1-, 5- or 10-year periods (or fractional portion thereof) of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of the 1-, 5- or 10-year (or other) periods at the end of the 1-, 5- or 10-year periods (or fractional portion).

Average annual total return (before taxes) for a specified period is derived by calculating the actual dollar amount of the investment return on a $1,000 investment made at the Fund’s maximum public offering price at the beginning of the period, and then calculating the annual compounded rate of return which would produce that amount, assuming a redemption at the end of the period. This calculation assumes a complete redemption of the investment. It also assumes that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at NAV on the reinvestment dates during the period.

The Fund may compute an “average annual total return-after taxes on distributions” for the Fund by determining the average annual compounded rate of return after taxes on distributions during specified periods that equates the initial amount invested to the ERV after taxes on distributions but not after taxes on redemption according to the following formula:

P(1 +T)n = ATVD

 

Where:   P =   a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000;
  T =   average annual total return (after taxes on distributions);
  n =   number of years; and
  ATV=   ending value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of the 1-, 5- or 10-year periods at the end of the 1-, 5- or 10-year periods (or fractional portion), after taxes on distributions but not after taxes on redemption.

 

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Average annual total return (after taxes on distributions) for a specified period is derived by calculating the actual dollar amount of the investment return on a $1,000 investment made at the Fund’s maximum public offering price at the beginning of the period, and then calculating the annual compounded rate of return (after federal income taxes on distributions but not redemptions) which would produce that amount, assuming a redemption at the end of the period. This calculation assumes a complete redemption of the investment but further assumes that the redemption has no federal income tax consequences. This calculation also assumes that all dividends and distributions, less the federal income taxes due on such distributions, are reinvested at NAV on the reinvestment dates during the period. In calculating the impact of federal income taxes due on distributions, the federal income tax rates used correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (e.g., ordinary income rate for ordinary income distributions, short-term capital gain rate for short-term capital gains distributions and long-term capital gain rate for long-term capital gain distributions). The highest individual marginal federal income tax rate in effect on the reinvestment date is applied to each component of the distributions on the reinvestment date. These tax rates may vary over the measurement period. The effect of applicable tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, also is taken into account in accordance with federal tax law. The calculation disregards (i) the effect of phase-outs of certain exemptions, deductions and credits at various income levels, (ii) the impact of the federal alternative minimum tax and (iii) the potential tax liabilities other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes).

The Fund may compute its “average annual total return-after taxes on distributions and redemption” by determining the average annual compounded rate of return after taxes on distributions and redemption during specified periods that equates the initial amount invested to the ERV after taxes on distributions and redemption according to the following formula:

P(1 +T)n = ATVDR

 

Where:   P =   a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000;
  T =   average annual total return (after taxes on distributions and redemption);
  n =   number of years; and
  ATVDR=   ending value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of the 1-, 5- or 10-year periods at the end of the 1-, 5-, or 10-year periods (or fractional portion), after taxes on distributions and redemption.

Average annual total return (after taxes on distributions and redemptions) for a specified period is derived by calculating the actual dollar amount of the investment return on a $1,000 investment made at the Fund’s maximum public offering price at the beginning of the period, and then calculating the annual compounded rate of return (after federal income taxes on distributions and redemptions) which would produce that amount, assuming a redemption at the end of the period. This calculation assumes a complete redemption of the investment. This calculation also assumes that all dividends and distributions, less the federal income taxes due on such distributions, are reinvested at NAV on the reinvestment dates during the period. In calculating the federal income taxes due on distributions, the federal income tax rates used correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (e.g., ordinary income rate for ordinary income distributions, short-term capital gain rate for short-term capital gains distributions and long-term capital gain rate for long-term capital gain distributions). The highest individual marginal federal income tax rate in effect on the reinvestment date is applied to each component of the distributions on the reinvestment date. These tax rates may vary over the measurement period. The effect of applicable tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, is taken into account in

 

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accordance with federal tax law. The calculation disregards (i) the effect of phase-outs of certain exemptions, deductions and credits at various income levels, (ii) the impact of the federal alternative minimum tax and (iii) the potential tax liabilities other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes). In calculating the federal income taxes due on redemptions, capital gains taxes resulting from the redemption are subtracted from the redemption proceeds and the tax benefits from capital losses resulting from the redemption are added to the redemption proceeds. The highest federal individual capital gains tax rate in effect on the redemption date is used in such calculation. The federal income tax rates used correspond to the tax character of any gains or losses (e.g., short-term or long-term).

The Fund may compute its “aggregate total return” by determining the aggregate compounded rates of return during specified periods that likewise equate the initial amount invested to the ERV of such investment. The formula for calculating aggregate total return is as follows:

T = [(ERV/P)]-1

 

Where:   P =    hypothetical initial payment of $1,000;
  T =    aggregate total return; and
  ERV =    ending redeemable value at the end of the 1-, 5- or 10-year periods (or fractional portion thereof) of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of the 1-, 5- or 10-year (or other) period at the end of the 1-, 5- or 10-year periods (or fractional portion).

The formula for calculating total return assumes that (i) all dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested on the reinvestment dates at the price per share existing on the reinvestment date, and (ii) all recurring fees charged to all shareholder accounts are included. The variable ERV is determined by assuming complete redemption of the hypothetical investment after deduction of all nonrecurring charges at the end of the measuring period.

The yield of the Fund is computed based on the Fund’s net income during a specified 30-day (or one month) period which will be identified in connection with the particular yield quotation. More specifically, the Fund’s yield is computed by dividing the per share net income during a 30-day (or one month) period by the NAV per share on the last day of the period and annualizing the result on a semiannual basis.

The Fund calculates its 30-day (or one month) standard yield in accordance with the method prescribed by the SEC for mutual funds:

Yield = 2[{(a-b/cd) + 1}6 -1]

 

Where:   a =   dividends and interest earned during the period;
  b =   expenses accrued for the period (net of reimbursements);
  c =   average daily number of shares outstanding during the period entitled to receive dividends; and
  d =   NAV per share on the last day of the period.

The Fund’s “tax-equivalent” yield is computed by: (i) dividing the portion of the Fund’s yield (calculated as above) that is exempt from income tax by one minus a stated income tax rate; and (ii) adding the quotient to that portion, if any, of the Fund’s yield that is not exempt from income tax.

 

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GENERAL INFORMATION

The Fund’s performance will fluctuate, unlike bank deposits or other investments that pay a fixed yield for a stated period of time. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future return. Actual performance will depend on such variables as portfolio quality, average portfolio maturity, the type of portfolio instruments acquired, changes in interest rates, portfolio expenses and other factors. Performance is one basis investors may use to analyze the Fund as compared to other funds and other investment vehicles. However, performance of other funds and other investment vehicles may not be comparable because of the foregoing variables, and differences in the methods used in valuing their portfolio instruments, computing NAV and determining performance.

The performance of the Fund may be compared to those of other mutual funds with similar investment objectives and to stock, bond and other relevant indices or to rankings prepared by independent services or other financial or industry publications that monitor the performance of mutual funds. For example, the performance of the Fund may be compared to data prepared by Lipper, Inc., Morningstar, Inc. or to the S&P 500 Index, the Consumer Price Index, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, or the S&P Global Infrastructure Index. Performance data as reported in national financial publications such as Money, Forbes, Barron’s, the Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, or in publications of a local or regional nature, also may be used in comparing the performance of the Fund. From time to time, the Fund also may quote the mutual fund ratings of Morningstar, Inc. and other services in their advertising materials.

Ibbotson Associates, Inc. of Chicago, Illinois (“Ibbotson”), a registered investment adviser and wholly-owned subsidiary of Morningstar, Inc., provides historical returns of the capital markets in the United States, including common stocks, small capitalization stocks, long-term corporate bonds, intermediate-term government bonds, long-term government bonds, Treasury bills, the U.S. rate of inflation (based on the Consumer Price Index) and combinations of various capital markets. The performance of these capital markets is based on the returns of different indices. The Fund may use the performance of these capital markets in order to demonstrate general risk-versus-reward investment scenarios. Performance comparisons also may include the value of a hypothetical investment in any of these capital markets. The risks associated with the security types in any capital market may or may not correspond directly to those of the Fund. The Fund also may compare performance to that of other compilations or indices that may be developed and made available in the future.

The Fund may also from time to time include discussions or illustrations of the effects of compounding in advertisements. “Compounding” refers to the fact that, if dividends or other distributions on the Fund investment are reinvested by being paid in additional Fund shares, any future income or capital appreciation of the Fund would increase the value, not only of the original investment in the Fund, but also of the additional Fund shares received through reinvestment.

The Fund may include discussions or illustrations of the potential investment goals of a prospective investor (including materials that describe general principles of investing, such as asset allocation, diversification, risk tolerance, and goal setting, questionnaires designed to help create a personal financial profile, worksheets used to project savings needs based on assumed rates of inflation and hypothetical rates of return and action plans offering investment alternatives), investment management techniques, policies or investment suitability of the Fund (such as value investing, market timing, dollar cost averaging, asset allocation, constant ratio transfer, automatic account rebalancing, the advantages and disadvantages of investing in tax-deferred and taxable investments), economic and political conditions, the relationship between sectors of the economy and the economy as a whole, the effects of inflation and historical performance of various asset classes, including but not limited to, stocks, bonds and Treasury bills. From time to time, advertisements, sales literature, communications to

 

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shareholders or other materials may summarize the substance of information contained in shareholder reports (including the investment composition of the Fund), as well as the views of the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers as to current market, economic, trade and interest rate trends, legislative, regulatory and monetary developments, investment strategies and related matters believed to be of relevance to the Fund. In addition, selected indices may be used to illustrate historic performance of selected asset classes. The Fund also may include in advertisements, sales literature, communications to shareholders or other materials, charts, graphs or drawings which illustrate the potential risks and rewards of investment in various investment vehicles, including but not limited to, stocks, bonds, treasury bills and shares of the Fund. Also, advertisements, sales literature, communications to shareholders or other materials may include a discussion of certain attributes or benefits to be derived by an investment in the Fund and/or other mutual funds, shareholder profiles and hypothetical investor scenarios, timely information on financial management, tax and retirement planning and investment alternative to certificates of deposit and other financial instruments. Such sales literature, communications to shareholders or other materials may include symbols, headlines or other material which highlight or summarize the information discussed in more detail therein.

Materials may include lists of representative clients of Northern Trust. Materials may refer to the CUSIP numbers of the Fund and may illustrate how to find the listings of the Fund in newspapers and periodicals. Materials also may include discussions of other funds, investment products, and services.

The Fund may quote various measures of volatility and benchmark correlation in advertising. In addition, the Fund may compare these measures to those of other funds. Measures of volatility seek to compare the historical share price fluctuations or total returns to those of a benchmark. Measures of benchmark correlation indicate how valid a comparative benchmark may be. Measures of volatility and correlation may be calculated using averages of historical data.

The Fund may advertise examples of the effects of periodic investment plans, including the principle of dollar cost averaging. In such a program, an investor invests a fixed dollar amount in the Fund at periodic intervals, thereby purchasing fewer shares when prices are high and more shares when prices are low. While such a strategy does not assure a profit or guard against loss in a declining market, the investor’s average cost per share can be lower than if fixed numbers of shares are purchased at the same intervals. In evaluating such a plan, investors should consider their ability to continue purchasing shares during periods of low price levels.

The Fund may advertise its current interest rate sensitivity, duration, weighted average maturity or similar maturity characteristics.

Advertisements and sales materials relating to the Fund may include information regarding the background and experience of its portfolio managers.

 

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NET ASSET VALUE

Securities are valued at fair value. Securities traded on U.S. securities exchanges or in the NASDAQ National Market System are valued at the regular trading session closing price on the exchange or system in which such securities are principally traded. If any such security is not traded on a valuation date, it is valued at the most recent quoted bid price. Over-the-counter securities that are not reported in the NASDAQ National Market System also generally are valued at the most recent quoted bid price. Fixed-income securities, however, may be valued on the basis of evaluated prices provided by independent pricing services when such prices are believed to reflect the fair value of such securities. Such prices may be determined taking into account other similar securities prices, yields, maturities, call features, ratings, strength of issuer, insurance guarantees, institutional size trading in similar groups of securities and developments related to specific securities. The values of securities of foreign issuers generally are based upon market quotations which, depending upon local convention or regulation, may be the last sale price, the last bid price or the mean between the last bid and asked price as of, in each case, the close of the appropriate exchange or other designated time. Foreign fixed-income securities, however, may, like domestic fixed-income securities, be valued based on evaluated prices provided by independent pricing services when such prices are believed to reflect the fair value of such securities. Shares of open-end investment companies are valued at NAV. Shares of exchange-traded funds are valued at their closing price on the exchange or system on which such securities are principally traded. Spot and forward currency exchange contracts generally are valued using an independent pricing service. Exchange-traded financial futures and options are valued at the settlement price as established by the exchange on which they are traded. Over-the-counter options are valued at broker provided bid prices, as are swaps, caps, collars and floors. The foregoing prices may be obtained from one or more independent pricing services or, as needed or applicable, independent broker-dealers. Short-term investments are valued at amortized cost, which the Investment Adviser has determined, pursuant to Board authorization, approximates fair value. Any securities for which market quotations are not readily available or are believed to be incorrect are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Investment Adviser under the supervision of the Board of Trustees. Circumstances in which securities may be fair valued include periods when trading in a security is limited, corporate actions and announcements take place, or regulatory news is released such as government approvals. Additionally the Trust, in its discretion, may make adjustments to the prices of securities held by the Fund if an event occurs after the publication of market values normally used by the Fund but before the time as of which the Fund calculates its NAV, depending on the nature and significance of the event, consistent with applicable regulatory guidance. This may occur particularly with respect to certain foreign securities held by the Fund, in which case the Trust may use adjustment factors obtained from an independent evaluation service that are intended to reflect more accurately the fair value of those securities as of the time the Fund’s NAV is calculated. Other events that can trigger fair valuing of foreign securities include, for example, significant fluctuations in general market indicators, government actions, or natural disasters. The use of fair valuation involves the risk that the values used by the Fund to price their investments may be higher or lower than the values used by other unaffiliated investment companies and investors to price the same investments.

The time at which transactions and shares are priced and the time by which orders must be received may be changed in case of an emergency or if regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange is stopped at a time other than 4:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time. The Trust reserves the right to reprocess purchase, redemption and exchange transactions that were processed at a NAV other than the Fund’s official closing NAV. For instance, if a pricing error is discovered that impacts the Fund’s NAV, the corrected NAV would be the official closing NAV and the erroneous NAV would be a NAV other than the Fund’s official closing NAV. Those transactions that were processed using the erroneous NAV may then be reprocessed using the official closing NAV. The Trust reserves the right to advance the time by which purchase and redemption orders must be received for same business day credit as otherwise permitted by the SEC. In addition, the Fund may compute its NAV as of any time permitted pursuant to any exemption, order or statement of the SEC or its staff.

 

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The Investment Adviser is not required to calculate the NAV of the Fund on days during which no shares are tendered to the Fund for redemption and no orders to purchase or sell shares are received by the Fund, or on days on which there is an insufficient degree of trading in the Fund’s portfolio securities for changes in the value of such securities to affect materially the NAV per share.

 

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TAXES

The following summarizes certain additional tax considerations generally affecting the Fund and its shareholders that are not described in the Prospectus. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Fund or its shareholders, and the discussions here and in the Prospectus are not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Potential investors should consult their tax advisers with specific reference to their own tax situations.

The discussions of the federal tax consequences in the Prospectus and this SAI are based on the Code and the regulations issued under it, and court decisions and administrative interpretations, as in effect on the date of this SAI. Future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly alter the statements included herein, and any such changes or decisions may be retroactive.

FEDERAL—GENERAL INFORMATION

The Fund intends to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1, of the Code. As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally is exempt from federal income tax on its net investment income and realized capital gains which it distributes to shareholders. To qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company, it must meet three important tests each year.

First, the Fund must derive with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currencies, other income derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, or net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships.

Second, generally, at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets must consist of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and securities of other issuers as to which (a) the Fund has not invested more than 5% of the value of its total assets in securities of the issuer and (b) the Fund does not hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer, and no more than 25% of the value of each Fund’s total assets may be invested in the securities of (1) any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies), (2) two or more issuers that the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or (3) one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (including MLPs).

Third, the Fund must distribute an amount equal to at least the sum of 90% of its investment company taxable income (net investment income and the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss), before taking into account any deduction for dividends paid, and 90% of its tax-exempt income, if any, for the year.

The Fund intends to comply with these requirements. If the Fund were to fail to make sufficient distributions, it could be liable for corporate income tax and for excise tax in respect of the shortfall or, if the shortfall is large enough, the Fund could be disqualified as a regulated investment company. If for any taxable year the Fund were not to qualify as a regulated investment company, all its taxable income would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders. In that event, taxable shareholders would recognize dividend income on distributions to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, and corporate shareholders could be eligible for the dividends-received deduction.

The Code imposes a non-deductible 4% excise tax on regulated investment companies that fail to currently distribute an amount equal to specified percentages of their ordinary taxable income with certain modifications and capital gain net income (excess of capital gains over capital losses) by the end of each calendar year. The Fund intends to make sufficient distributions or deemed distributions of its ordinary taxable income and capital gain net income each calendar year to avoid liability for this excise tax.

 

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Generally any capital losses realized by the Fund will be permitted to be carried forward indefinitely and will retain their character as short or long term capital losses.

QUALIFIED DIVIDEND INCOME

Distributions by the Fund of investment company taxable income (excluding any short-term capital gains) whether received in cash or shares will be taxable either as ordinary income or as qualified dividend income, eligible for the reduced maximum rate to individuals of 20% to the extent each Fund receives qualified dividend income on the securities it holds and such Fund designates the distribution as qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations (e.g., foreign corporations incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, or the stock of which is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States). A dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that: (i) the shareholder has not held the shares on which the dividend was paid for more than 60 days during the 121-day period that begins on the date that is 60 days before the date on which the shares become ex dividend with respect to such dividend (and each Fund also satisfies those holding period requirements with respect to the securities it holds that paid the dividends distributed to the shareholder); (ii) the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to substantially similar or related property; or (iii) the shareholder elects to treat such dividend as investment income under section 163(d)(4)(B) of the Code. Distributions by the Fund of its net short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income. Capital gain distributions consisting of the Fund’s net capital gains will be taxable as long-term capital gains except to the extent of any “unrecaptured section 1250 gains” which are taxed at a maximum rate of 25%.

CORPORATE DIVIDENDS RECEIVED DEDUCTION

The Fund’s dividends that are paid to its corporate shareholders and are attributable to qualifying dividends it received from U.S. domestic corporations may be eligible, in the hands of such shareholders, for the corporate dividends received deduction, subject to certain holding period requirements and debt financing limitations.

STATE AND LOCAL TAXES

Although the Fund expects to qualify as a “regulated investment company” and to be relieved of all or substantially all federal income taxes, depending upon the extent of its activities in states and localities in which its offices are maintained, in which its agents or independent contractors are located or in which it is otherwise deemed to be conducting business, the Fund may be subject to the tax laws of such states or localities.

TAXATION OF NON-U.S. SHAREHOLDERS

Dividends paid by the Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty to the extent derived from investment income and short-term capital gains. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable, certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. Certain interest related dividends and short term capital gain dividends as designated by the Fund are not subject to this 30% withholding tax if the shareholder provides a properly completed Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides a Form W-8ECI,

 

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certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). A non-U.S. shareholder who fails to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E or other applicable form may be subject to backup withholding at the appropriate rate.

In general, United States federal withholding tax will not apply to any gain or income realized by a non-U.S. shareholder in respect of any distributions of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses, exempt-interest dividends, or upon the sale or other disposition of shares of the Fund.

Ordinary dividends, redemption payments and certain capital gain dividends to a non-U.S. shareholder that fails to make certain required certifications, or that is a “foreign financial institution” as defined in Section 1471 of the Code and that does not meet the requirements imposed on foreign financial institutions by Section 1471, are generally subject to a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate. Withholding on redemption payments and certain capital gain dividends is currently scheduled to begin after December 31, 2018. The extent, if any, to which such withholding tax may be reduced or eliminated by an applicable tax treaty is unclear. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an intergovernmental agreement between the U.S. and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF SHARES

The Trust Agreement permits the Trust’s Board of Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest of one or more separate series representing interests in one or more investment portfolios. The Trustees or Trust may hereafter create series in addition to the Trust’s fifty-two existing series, which represent interests in the Trust’s fifty-two respective portfolios, one of which is discussed in this SAI.

The Trustees may appoint separate Trustees with respect to one or more series or classes of the Trust’s shares (the “Series Trustees”). To the extent provided by the Trustees in the appointment of Series Trustees, Series Trustees: (i) may, but are not required to, serve as Trustees of the Trust or any other series or class of the Trust; (ii) may have, to the exclusion of any other Trustee of the Trust, all the powers and authorities of Trustees under the Trust Agreement with respect to such series or class; and/or (iii) may have no power or authority with respect to any other series or class.

Under the terms of the Trust Agreement, each share of the Fund has a par value of $0.0001, which represents a proportionate interest in the Fund with each other share of its class in the Fund and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income belonging to the Fund as are declared by the Trustees. Upon any liquidation of the Fund, shareholders of each class of the Fund are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets belonging to that class available for distribution. Shares do not have any preemptive or conversion rights. The right of redemption is described under “Account Policies and Other Information” in the Prospectus. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the 1940 Act, the right of a shareholder to redeem shares and the date of payment by the Fund may be suspended for more than seven days (i) for any period during which the New York Stock Exchange is closed, other than the customary weekends or holidays, or trading in the markets the Fund normally utilizes is closed or is restricted as determined by the SEC, (ii) during any emergency, as determined by the SEC, as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to dispose of instruments owned by it or fairly to determine the value of its net assets, or (iii) for such other period as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of the shareholders of the Fund. The Trust also may suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of its shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions. In addition, shares of the Fund are redeemable at the unilateral option of the Trust. Shares when issued as described in the Prospectus are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, except as stated below. In the interests of economy and convenience, certificates representing shares of the Fund are not issued.

The proceeds received by the Fund for each issue or sale of its shares, and all net investment income, realized and unrealized gain and proceeds thereof, subject only to the rights of creditors, will be specifically allocated to and constitute the underlying assets of the Fund. The underlying assets of the Fund will be segregated on the books of account, and will be charged with the liabilities in respect to the Fund and with a share of the general liabilities of the Trust. Expenses with respect to the Fund normally are allocated in proportion to the NAV of the Fund except where allocations of direct expenses can otherwise be fairly made.

The Fund and other funds of the Trust entitled to vote on a matter will vote in the aggregate and not by fund, except as required by law or when the matter to be voted on affects only the interests of shareholders of a particular fund.

Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that any matter required by the provisions of the 1940 Act or applicable state law, or otherwise, to be submitted to the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment company such as the Trust shall not be deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of each investment portfolio affected by such matter. Rule 18f-2 further provides that an investment portfolio shall be deemed to be

 

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affected by a matter unless the interests of each investment portfolio in the matter are substantially identical or the matter does not affect any interest of the investment portfolio. Under the Rule, the approval of an investment advisory agreement, or any change in a fundamental investment policy would be effectively acted upon with respect to an investment portfolio only if approved by a majority of the outstanding shares of such investment portfolio. However, the Rule also provides that the ratification of the appointment of independent accountants, the approval of principal underwriting contracts and the election of Trustees are exempt from the separate voting requirements stated above.

The Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of shareholders and does not intend to hold such meetings. In the event that a meeting of shareholders is held, each share of the Trust will be entitled, as determined by the Trustees without the vote or consent of shareholders, either to one vote for each share (and proportionate fractional votes for fractional shares held) or to one vote for each dollar of NAV represented by such shares on all matters presented to shareholders, including the election of Trustees (this method of voting being referred to as “dollar-based voting”). However, to the extent required by the 1940 Act or otherwise determined by the Trustees, series and classes of the Trust will vote separately from each other. Shareholders of the Trust do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of Trustees and, accordingly, the holders of more than 50% of the aggregate voting power of the Trust may elect all of the Trustees, irrespective of the vote of the other shareholders. Meetings of shareholders of the Trust, or any series or class thereof, may be called by the Trustees, certain officers or upon the written request of holders of 10% or more of the shares entitled to vote at such meeting. To the extent required by law, the Trust will assist in shareholder communications in connection with a meeting called by shareholders. The shareholders of the Trust will have voting rights only with respect to the limited number of matters specified in the Trust Agreement and such other matters as the Trustees (including the Multi-Manager Trustees) may determine or may be required by law.

Subject to the rights of the Trustees with respect to Fund, the Trust Agreement authorizes the Trustees, without shareholder approval (except as stated in the next paragraph), to cause the Trust, or any series thereof, to merge or consolidate with any corporation, association, trust or other organization or sell or exchange all or substantially all of the property belonging to the Trust, or any series thereof. In addition, the Trustees, without shareholder approval, may adopt a “master-feeder” structure by investing substantially all of the assets of a series of the Trust in the securities of another open-end investment company or pooled portfolio.

Subject to the rights of the Trustees with respect to the Fund, the Trust Agreement also authorizes the Trustees, in connection with the merger, consolidation, termination or other reorganization of the Trust or any series or class, to classify the shareholders of any class into one or more separate groups and to provide for the different treatment of shares held by the different groups, provided that such merger, consolidation, termination or other reorganization is approved by a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of each group of shareholders that are so classified.

The Board of Trustees of the Trust may not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the applicable fund, amend or otherwise supplement the Trust Agreement or amend and restate a trust investment to reduce the rights, duties, powers, authorities and responsibilities of the Trustees, except to the extent such action does not violate the 1940 Act. Subject to the foregoing, the Trust Agreement permits the Trustees to amend the Trust Agreement without a shareholder vote. However, shareholders of the Trust have the right to vote on any amendment: (i) that would adversely affect the voting rights of shareholders; (ii) that is required by law to be approved by shareholders; (iii) that would amend the voting provisions of the Trust Agreement; or (iv) that the Trustees determine to submit to shareholders.

 

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The Trust Agreement permits the termination of the Trust or of any series or class of the Trust: (i) by a majority of the affected shareholders at a meeting of shareholders of the Trust, series or class; or (ii) by a majority of the Trustees without shareholder approval if the Trustees determine that such action is in the best interest of the Trust or its shareholders. The factors and events that the Trustees may take into account in making such determination include: (i) the inability of the Trust or any series or class to maintain its assets at an appropriate size; (ii) changes in laws or regulations governing the Trust, or any series or class thereof, or affecting assets of the type in which it invests; or (iii) economic developments or trends having a significant adverse impact on their business or operations.

Under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (the “Delaware Act”), shareholders are not personally liable for obligations of the Trust. The Delaware Act entitles shareholders of the Trust to the same limitation of liability as is available to shareholders of private for-profit corporations. However, no similar statutory or other authority limiting statutory trust shareholder liability exists in many other states. As a result, to the extent that the Trust or a shareholder is subject to the jurisdiction of courts in such other states, those courts may not apply Delaware law and may subject the shareholders to liability. To offset this risk, the Trust Agreement: (i) contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation and instrument entered into or executed by the Trust or its Trustees and (ii) provides for indemnification out of the property of the applicable series of the Trust of any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust solely by reason of being or having been a shareholder and not because of the shareholder’s acts or omissions or for some other reason. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss beyond his or her investment because of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which all of the following factors are present: (i) a court refuses to apply Delaware law; (ii) the liability arises under tort law or, if not, no contractual limitation of liability is in effect; and (iii) the applicable series of the Trust is unable to meet its obligations.

The Trust Agreement provides that the Trustees will not be liable to any person other than the Trust or a shareholder and that a Trustee will not be liable for any act as a Trustee. However, nothing in the Trust Agreement protects a Trustee against any liability to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office. The Trust Agreement provides for indemnification of Trustees, officers and agents of the Trust unless the recipient is liable by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office.

The Trust Agreement provides that each shareholder, by virtue of becoming such, will be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the terms of the Trust Agreement and to have become a party thereto.

In addition to the requirements of Delaware law, the Trust Agreement provides that a shareholder of the Trust may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (i) shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under Delaware law who hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which such action relates, must join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (ii) the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trust Agreement also provides that no person, other than the Trustees, who is not a shareholder of a particular series or class shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of or with respect to such series or class. The Trustees will be entitled to retain counsel or other advisers in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

 

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The term “majority of the outstanding shares” of either the Trust or a particular Fund or investment portfolio means, with respect to the approval of an investment advisory agreement or a change in a fundamental investment policy, the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the shares of the Trust or such Fund or portfolio present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or such Fund or portfolio are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or such Fund or portfolio.

The Trust’s by-laws state that the federal and state courts located in the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forums for any Shareholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Trust, (ii) any action asserting a claim or breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any Trustee, officer or employee, if any, of the Trust to the Trust or the Trust’s Shareholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Trust, its Trustees, officers or employees, if any, arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act or the Trust’s Trust Instrument or bylaw; or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Trust, its Trustees, officers or employees, if any, governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

 

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OTHER INFORMATION

Statements contained in the Prospectus or in this SAI as to the contents of any contract or other documents referred to are not necessarily complete, and in each instance reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which the Prospectus and this SAI form a part, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference. The Registration Statement including the exhibits filed therewith may be examined at the office of the SEC in Washington, D.C. or on the SEC’s web site at sec.gov.

 

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APPENDIX A

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

Short-Term Credit Ratings

A Standard & Poor’s short-term issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Standard & Poor’s for short-term issues:

“A-1” – A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category and indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

“A-2” – A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

“A-3” – A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“B” – A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.

“C” – A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“D” – A short-term obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks – Standard & Poor’s issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. An issuer’s foreign currency rating will differ from its local currency rating when the obligor has a different capacity to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, vs. obligations denominated in a foreign currency.

Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) short-term ratings are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments.

 

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Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:

“P-1” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

“P-2” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

“P-3” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

“NP” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

Fitch, Inc. / Fitch Ratings Ltd. (“Fitch”) short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short-term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Fitch for short-term obligations:

“F1” – Securities possess the highest short-term credit quality. This designation indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

“F2” – Securities possess good short-term credit quality. This designation indicates good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.

“F3” – Securities possess fair short-term credit quality. This designation indicates that the intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.

“B” – Securities possess speculative short-term credit quality. This designation indicates minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

“C” – Securities possess high short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.

“RD” – Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.

“D” – Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.

The DBRS® Ratings Limited (“DBRS”) short-term debt rating scale provides an opinion on the risk that an issuer will not meet its short-term financial obligations in a timely manner. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer and the relative ranking of claims. The R-1 and R-2 rating categories are further denoted by the sub-categories “(high)”, “(middle)”, and “(low)”.

 

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The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for commercial paper and short-term debt:

“R-1 (high)” – Short-term debt rated “R-1 (high)” is of the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is exceptionally high. Unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.

“R-1 (middle)” – Short-term debt rated “R-1 (middle)” is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is very high. Differs from “R-1 (high)” by a relatively modest degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.

“R-1 (low)” – Short-term debt rated “R-1 (low)” is of good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is substantial. Overall strength is not as favorable as higher rating categories. May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.

“R-2 (high)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (high)” is considered to be at the upper end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.

“R-2 (middle)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (middle)” is considered to be of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events or may be exposed to other factors that could reduce credit quality.

“R-2 (low)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (low)” is considered to be at the lower end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events. A number of challenges are present that could affect the issuer’s ability to meet such obligations.

“R-3” – Short-term debt rated “R-3” is considered to be at the lowest end of adequate credit quality. There is a capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due. May be vulnerable to future events and the certainty of meeting such obligations could be impacted by a variety of developments.

“R-4” – Short-term debt rated “R-4” is considered to be of speculative credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is uncertain.

“R-5” – Short-term debt rated “R-5” is considered to be of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet short-term financial obligations as they fall due.

“D” – Short-term debt rated “D” is assigned when the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to “D” may occur. DBRS may also use “SD” (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a “distressed exchange”.

Long-Term Credit Ratings

The following summarizes the ratings used by Standard & Poor’s for long-term issues:

“AAA” – An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

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“AA” – An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

“A” – An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

“BBB” – An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” – Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

“BB” – An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“B” – An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB”, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“CCC” – An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“CC” – An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The “CC” rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but Standard & Poor’s expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.

“C” – An obligation rated “C” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher.

“D” – An obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.

Plus (+) or minus (-) – The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

 

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“NR” – This indicates that no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks – Standard & Poor’s issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. An issuer’s foreign currency rating will differ from its local currency rating when the obligor has a different capacity to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, vs. obligations denominated in a foreign currency.

Moody’s long-term ratings are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. Such ratings reflect both the likelihood of default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for long-term debt:

“Aaa” – Obligations rated “Aaa” are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

“Aa” – Obligations rated “Aa” are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

“A” – Obligations rated “A” are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

“Baa” – Obligations rated “Baa” are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

“Ba” – Obligations rated “Ba” are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

“B” – Obligations rated “B” are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

“Caa” – Obligations rated “Caa” are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

“Ca” – Obligations rated “Ca” are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

“C” – Obligations rated “C” are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

The following summarizes long-term ratings used by Fitch:

“AAA” – Securities considered to be of the highest credit quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

 

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“AA” – Securities considered to be of very high credit quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

“A” – Securities considered to be of high credit quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

“BBB” – Securities considered to be of good credit quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.

“BB” – Securities considered to be speculative. “BB” ratings indicate that there is an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.

“B” – Securities considered to be highly speculative. “B” ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.

“CCC” – A “CCC” rating indicates that substantial credit risk is present.

“CC” – A “CC” rating indicates very high levels of credit risk.

“C” – A “C” rating indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.

Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned “RD” or “D” ratings, but are instead rated in the “B” to “C” rating categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Fitch believes that this approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.

Plus (+) or minus (-) may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the “AAA” obligation rating category, or to corporate finance obligation ratings in the categories below “CCC”.

The DBRS long-term rating scale provides an opinion on the risk of default. That is, the risk that an issuer will fail to satisfy its financial obligations in accordance with the terms under which an obligation has been issued. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer, and the relative ranking of claims. All rating categories other than AAA and D also contain subcategories “(high)” and “(low)”. The absence of either a “(high)” or “(low)” designation indicates the rating is in the middle of the category. The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for long-term debt:

“AAA” – Long-term debt rated “AAA” is of the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is exceptionally high and unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.

 

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“AA” – Long-term debt rated “AA” is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered high. Credit quality differs from “AAA” only to a small degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.

“A” – Long-term debt rated “A” is of good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is substantial, but of lesser credit quality than “AA.” May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.

“BBB” – Long-term debt rated “BBB” is of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.

“BB” – Long-term debt rated “BB” is of speculative, non-investment grade credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is uncertain. Vulnerable to future events.

“B” – Long-term debt rated “B” is of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet financial obligations.

“CCC”, “CC” and “C” – Long-term debt rated in any of these categories is of very highly speculative credit quality. In danger of defaulting on financial obligations. There is little difference between these three categories, although “CC” and “C” ratings are normally applied to obligations that are seen as highly likely to default, or subordinated to obligations rated in the “CCC” to “B” range. Obligations in respect of which default has not technically taken place but is considered inevitable may be rated in the “C” category.

“D” A security rated “D” is assigned when the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to “D” may occur. DBRS may also use “SD” (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a “distressed exchange”.

Municipal Note Ratings

A Standard & Poor’s U.S. municipal note rating reflects Standard & Poor’s opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, Standard & Poor’s analysis will review the following considerations:

•  Amortization schedule - the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and

•  Source of payment - the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.

Municipal Short-Term Note rating symbols are as follows:

“SP-1” – A municipal note rated “SP-1” exhibits a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.

“SP-2” – A municipal note rated “SP-2” exhibits a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.

 

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“SP-3” – A municipal note rated “SP-3” exhibits a speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

Moody’s uses the Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) scale to rate U.S. municipal bond anticipation notes of up to three years maturity. Municipal notes rated on the MIG scale may be secured by either pledged revenues or proceeds of a take-out financing received prior to note maturity. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation, and the issuer’s long-term rating is only one consideration in assigning the MIG rating. MIG ratings are divided into three levels – “MIG-1” through “MIG-3” while speculative grade short-term obligations are designated “SG”. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for short-term municipal obligations:

“MIG-1” – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

“MIG-2” – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.

“MIG-3” – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.

“SG” – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.

“NR” – Is assigned to an unrated obligation.

In the case of variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), a two-component rating is assigned: a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”). The second element uses a rating from a variation of the MIG rating scale called the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or “VMIG” scale. The rating transitions on the VMIG scale differ from those on the Prime scale to reflect the risk that external liquidity support generally will terminate if the issuer’s long-term rating drops below investment grade.

VMIG rating expirations are a function of each issue’s specific structural or credit features.

“VMIG-1” – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

“VMIG-2” – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

“VMIG-3” – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

“SG” – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

 

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“NR” – Is assigned to an unrated obligation.

About Credit Ratings

A Standard & Poor’s issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects Standard & Poor’s view of the obligor’s capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.

Moody’s credit ratings must be construed solely as statements of opinion and not statements of fact or recommendations to purchase, sell or hold any securities.

Fitch’s credit ratings provide an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Fitch credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving the money owed to them in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitch’s credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign (including supranational and sub-national), financial, bank, insurance, municipal and other public finance entities and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.

Credit ratings provided by DBRS are, and must be construed solely as, statements of forward-looking opinions as to the creditworthiness of an issuer, which are based on the quantitative and qualitative analyses done by DBRS in accordance with applicable methodologies, models and criteria (“Methodologies”). Credit ratings are not statements of fact. DBRS credit ratings exclusively address credit risk and not any other types of risk. Although there are numerous non-credit risks that can impact the performance of ratings, these are not captured in credit ratings. Non-credit risks include (among others) market risk, market liquidity risk, covenant risk and non-cumulative risk.

The data and information received on which DBRS bases its opinions is not audited or verified by DBRS. Ratings may be upgraded, downgraded, placed “under review” with the appropriate Implications designation, confirmed and discontinued. Certain ratings are also assigned trends that may change over time.

DBRS uses rating symbols as a concise method of expressing its opinion to the market.

 

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APPENDIX B

As stated in the Prospectus, the Fund may enter into certain futures transactions. Some of these transactions are described in this Appendix. The Fund may also enter into futures transactions or other securities and instruments that are available in the markets from time to time.

I. Interest Rate Futures Contracts

Use of Interest Rate Futures Contracts. Bond prices are established in both the cash market and the futures market. In the cash market, bonds are purchased and sold with payment for the full purchase price of the bond being made in cash, at or shortly after the trade. In the futures market, only a contract is made to purchase or sell a bond in the future for a set price on a certain date. Historically, the prices for bonds established in the futures markets have tended to move generally in the aggregate in concert with the cash market prices and have maintained fairly predictable relationships. Accordingly, the Fund may use interest rate futures contracts as a defense, or hedge, against anticipated interest rate changes. As described below, this would include the use of futures contract sales to protect against expected increases in interest rates and futures contract purchases to offset the impact of interest rate declines.

The Fund presently could accomplish a similar result to that which it hopes to achieve through the use of futures contracts by selling bonds with long maturities and investing in bonds with short maturities when interest rates are expected to increase, or conversely, selling short-term bonds and investing in long-term bonds when interest rates are expected to decline. However, because of the liquidity that is often available in the futures market, the protection is more likely to be achieved, perhaps at a lower cost and without changing the rate of interest being earned by the Fund, by using futures contracts.

Interest rate futures contracts can also be used by the Fund for hedging purposes or to gain exposure to certain countries and currencies.

Description of Interest Rate Futures Contracts. An interest rate futures contract sale would create an obligation by the Fund, as seller, to deliver the specific type of financial instrument called for in the contract at a specific future time for a specified price. A futures contract purchase would create an obligation by the Fund, as purchaser, to take delivery of the specific type of financial instrument at a specific future time at a specific price. The specific securities delivered or taken, respectively, at settlement date, would not be determined until at or near that date. The determination would be in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the futures contract sale or purchase was made.

Although interest rate futures contracts by their terms may call for actual delivery or acceptance of securities, in most cases the contracts are closed out before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery of securities. Closing out a futures contract sale is effected by the Fund’s entering into a futures contract purchase for the same aggregate amount of the specific type of financial instrument and the same delivery date. If the price of the sale exceeds the price of the offsetting purchase, the Fund is immediately paid the difference and thus realizes a gain. If the offsetting purchase price exceeds the sale price, the Fund pays the difference and realizes a loss. Similarly, the closing out of a futures contract purchase is effected by the Fund entering into a futures contract sale. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the purchase price, the Fund realizes a gain, and if the purchase price exceeds the offsetting sale price, the Fund realizes a loss.

Interest rate futures contracts are traded in an auction environment on the floors of several exchanges—principally, the Chicago Board of Trade, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the New York Futures Exchange. These exchanges may be either designated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) as a contract market or registered with the CFTC as a derivatives transaction

 

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execution facility (“DTEF “). Each exchange guarantees performance under contract provisions through a clearing corporation, a nonprofit organization managed by the exchange membership. Interest rate futures also may be traded on electronic trading facilities or over-the-counter. These various trading facilities are licensed and/or regulated to varying degrees by the CFTC.

A public market now exists in futures contracts covering various financial instruments including long-term U.S. Treasury Bonds and Notes; Ginnie Mae modified pass-through mortgage-backed securities; three-month U.S. Treasury Bills; and ninety-day commercial paper. The Fund may trade in any interest rate futures contracts for which there exists a public market, including, without limitation, the foregoing instruments.

II. Index and Security Futures Contracts

A stock or bond index assigns relative values to the stocks or bonds included in the index, which fluctuates with changes in the market values of the stocks or bonds included. Some stock index futures contracts are based on broad market indices, such as the S&P 500 or the New York Stock Exchange Composite Index. In contrast, certain futures contracts relate to narrower market indices, such as the S&P 100 Index or indexes based on an industry or market segment, such as oil and gas stocks. Since 2001, trading has been permitted in futures based on a single stock and on narrow-based security indices (as defined in the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000) (together “security futures;” broader-based index futures are referred to as “index futures”). Some futures contracts are traded on organized exchanges regulated by the CFTC. These exchanges may be either designated by the CFTC as a contract market or registered with the CFTC as a DTEF. Transactions on such exchanges are cleared through a clearing corporation, which guarantees the performance of the parties to each contract. Futures contracts also may be traded on electronic trading facilities or over-the-counter. These various trading facilities are licensed and/or regulated by varying degrees by the CFTC. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Fund may also engage in transactions, from time to time, in foreign stock index futures such as the ALL-ORDS (Australia), CAC-40 (France), TOPIX (Japan) and the FTSE-100 (United Kingdom).

The Fund may sell index futures and security futures contracts in order to offset a decrease in market value of its portfolio securities that might otherwise result from a market decline. The Fund may do so either to hedge the value of its portfolio as a whole, or to protect against declines, occurring prior to sales of securities, in the value of the securities to be sold. Conversely, the Fund will purchase index futures and security futures contracts in anticipation of purchases of securities. A long futures position may be terminated without a corresponding purchase of securities.

In addition, the Fund may utilize index futures and security futures contracts in anticipation of changes in the composition of its portfolio holdings. For example, in the event that the Fund expects to narrow the range of industry groups represented in its holdings it may, prior to making purchases of the actual securities, establish a long futures position based on a more restricted index, such as an index comprised of securities of a particular industry group. The Fund may also sell futures contracts in connection with this strategy, in order to protect against the possibility that the value of the securities to be sold as part of the restructuring of its portfolio will decline prior to the time of sale.

Index futures and security futures can also be used by the Fund to gain exposure to certain countries and currencies.

 

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III. Futures Contracts on Foreign Currencies

A futures contract on foreign currency creates a binding obligation on one party to deliver, and a corresponding obligation on another party to accept delivery of, a stated quantity of foreign currency for an amount fixed in U.S. dollars. Foreign currency futures may be used by the Fund to hedge against exposure to fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other currencies arising from multinational transactions. The Fund may also use futures contracts on foreign currencies to gain exposure to certain countries and currencies.

IV. Margin Payments

Unlike purchases or sales of portfolio securities, no price is paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Initially, the Fund will be required to deposit with the broker or in a segregated account with a custodian or sub-custodian an amount of liquid assets, known as initial margin, based on the value of the contract. The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin in security transactions in that futures contract margin does not involve the borrowing of funds by the customer to finance the transactions. Rather, the initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract, which is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures contract assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent payments, called variation margin, to and from the broker, will be made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying instruments fluctuates making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking-to-market.” For example, when the Fund has purchased a futures contract and the price of the contract has risen in response to a rise in the underlying instruments, that position will have increased in value and the Fund will be entitled to receive from the broker a variation margin payment equal to that increase in value. Conversely, where the Fund has purchased a futures contract and the price of the futures contract has declined in response to a decrease in the underlying instruments, the position would be less valuable and the Fund would be required to make a variation margin payment to the broker. Prior to expiration of the futures contract, the Investment Adviser or Sub-Advisers may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, subject to the availability of a secondary market, which will operate to terminate the Fund’s position in the futures contract. A final determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to the Fund, and the Fund realizes a loss or gain.

V. Risks of Transactions in Futures Contracts

There are several risks in connection with the use of futures by the Fund, even if the futures are used for hedging (non-speculative) purposes. One risk arises because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures and movements in the price of the instruments which are the subject of the hedge. The price of the future may move more than or less than the price of the instruments being hedged. If the price of the futures moves less than the price of the instruments which are the subject of the hedge, the hedge will not be fully effective but, if the price of the instruments being hedged has moved in an unfavorable direction, the Fund would be in a better position than if it had not hedged at all. If the price of the instruments being hedged has moved in a favorable direction, this advantage will be partially offset by the loss on the futures. If the price of the futures moves more than the price of the hedged instruments, the Fund involved will experience either a loss or gain on the futures which will not be completely offset by movements in the price of the instruments that are the subject of the hedge. To compensate for the imperfect correlation of movements in the price of instruments being hedged and movements in the price of futures contracts, the Fund may buy or sell futures contracts in a greater dollar amount than the dollar amount of instruments being hedged if the volatility over a particular time period of the prices of such instruments has been greater than the volatility over such time period of the futures, or if otherwise deemed to be appropriate by the Investment Adviser or Sub-Advisers.

 

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Conversely, the Fund may buy or sell fewer futures contracts if the volatility over a particular time period of the prices of the instruments being hedged is less than the volatility over such time period of the futures contract being used, or if otherwise deemed to be appropriate by the Investment Adviser or Sub-Advisers. It is also possible that, where the Fund has sold futures to hedge its portfolio against a decline in the market, the market may advance and the value of instruments held in the Fund may decline. If this occurred, the Fund would lose money on the futures and also experience a decline in value in its portfolio securities.

When futures are purchased to hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities or a currency before the Fund is able to invest its cash (or cash equivalents) in an orderly fashion, it is possible that the market may decline instead; if the Fund then concludes not to invest its cash at that time because of concern as to possible further market decline or for other reasons, the Fund will realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset by a reduction in the price of the instruments that were to be purchased.

In addition to the possibility that there may be an imperfect correlation, or no correlation at all, between movements in the futures and the instruments being hedged, the price of futures may not correlate perfectly with movement in the cash market due to certain market distortions. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through off-setting transactions which could distort the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, with respect to financial futures contracts, the liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into off-setting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced thus producing distortions. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may also cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortion in the futures market, and because of the imperfect correlation between the movements in the cash market and movements in the price of futures, a correct forecast of general market trends or interest rate movements by the Investment Adviser or Sub-Advisers may still not result in a successful hedging transaction over a short time frame.

In general, positions in futures may be closed out only on an exchange, board of trade or other trading facility, which provides a secondary market for such futures. Although the Fund intends to purchase or sell futures only on trading facilities where there appear to be active secondary markets, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on any trading facility will exist for any particular contract or at any particular time. In such an event, it may not be possible to close a futures investment position, and in the event of adverse price movements, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin. However, in the event futures contracts have been used to hedge portfolio securities, such securities will not be sold until the futures contract can be terminated. In such circumstances, an increase in the price of the securities, if any, may partially or completely offset losses on the futures contract. However, as described above, there is no guarantee that the price of the securities will in fact correlate with the price movements in the futures contract and thus provide an offset on a futures contract.

Further, it should be noted that the liquidity of a secondary market in a futures contract may be adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits” established by commodity exchanges which limit the amount of fluctuation in a futures contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in the contract, no trades may be entered into at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open futures positions. The trading of futures contracts is also subject to the risk of trading halts, suspensions, exchange or clearing house equipment failures, government intervention, insolvency of a brokerage firm or clearing house or other disruptions of normal trading activity, which could at times make it difficult or impossible to liquidate existing positions or to recover excess variation margin payments.

 

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Successful use of futures by the Fund is also subject to the Investment Adviser’s and Sub-Advisers’ ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the market. For example, if the Fund has hedged against the possibility of a decline in the market adversely affecting securities held by it and securities prices increase instead, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit to the increased value of its securities which it has hedged because it will have offsetting losses in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin requirements. Such sales of securities may be, but will not necessarily be, at increased prices which reflect the rising market. The Fund may have to sell securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.

Futures purchased or sold by the Fund (and related options) may be traded on foreign exchanges. Participation in foreign futures and foreign options transactions involves the execution and clearing of trades on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of trade. Neither the NFA nor any domestic exchange regulates activities of any foreign boards of trade, including the execution, delivery and clearing of transactions, or has the power to compel enforcement of the rules of a foreign board of trade or any applicable foreign law. This is true even if the exchange is formally linked to a domestic market so that a position taken on the market may be liquidated by a transaction on another market. Moreover, such laws or regulations will vary depending on the foreign country in which the foreign futures or foreign options transaction occurs. For these reasons, customers who trade foreign futures or foreign options contracts may not be afforded certain of the protective measures provided by the Commodity Exchange Act, the CFTC regulations and the rules of the NFA and any domestic exchange or other trading facility (including the right to use reparations proceedings before the CFTC and arbitration proceedings provided by the NFA or any domestic futures exchange), nor the protective measures provided by the SEC’s rules relating to security futures. In particular, the investments of the Fund in foreign futures, or foreign options transactions may not be provided the same protections in respect to transactions on United States futures trading facilities. In addition, the price of any foreign futures or foreign options contract and, therefore the potential profit and loss thereon may be affected by any variance in the foreign exchange rate between the time an order is placed and the time it is liquidated, offset or exercised.

VI. Options on Futures Contracts

The Fund may purchase and write options on the futures contracts described above. A futures option gives the holder, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy (call) from or sell (put) to the writer of the option of a futures contract at a specified price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise, the writer of the option is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the futures contract and the exercise price. Like the buyer or seller of a futures contract, the holder, or writer, of an option has the right to terminate its position prior to the scheduled expiration of the option by selling, or purchasing an option of the same series, at which time the person entering into the closing transaction will realize a gain or loss. The Fund will be required to deposit initial margin and variation margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it pursuant to brokers’ requirements similar to those described above. Net option premiums received will be included as initial margin deposits. As an example, in anticipation of a decline in interest rates, the Fund may purchase call options on futures contracts as a substitute for the purchase of futures contracts to hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities which the Fund intends to purchase. Similarly, if the value of the securities held by the Fund is expected to decline as a result of an increase in interest rates, the Fund might purchase put options or sell call options on futures contracts rather than sell futures contracts.

 

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Investments in futures options involve some of the same considerations that are involved in connection with investments in futures contracts (for example, the existence of a liquid secondary market). See “Risks of Transactions in Futures Contracts” above. In addition, the purchase or sale of an option also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not correspond to changes in the value of the option purchased. Depending on the pricing of the option compared to either the futures contract upon which it is based, or upon the price of the securities being hedged, an option may or may not be less risky than ownership of the futures contract or such securities. In general, the market prices of options can be expected to be more volatile than the market prices on the underlying futures contract. Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, however, the purchase of call or put options on futures contracts may frequently involve less potential risk to the Fund because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options (plus transaction costs). The writing of an option on a futures contract involves risks similar to those risks relating to the sale of futures contracts.

VII. Other Matters

The Fund intends to comply with the regulations of the CFTC exempting it from registration as a “Commodity Pool Operator,” including the annual affirmation requirement that went into effect in 2013. The Fund is operated by persons who have claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “Commodity Pool Operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act and, therefore, are not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under such Act. Accounting for futures contracts will be in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

 

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PART C: OTHER INFORMATION

 

ITEM 28. EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are incorporated herein by reference to:

Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (the “Registration Statement”) filed on June 12, 1996 (Accession No. 0000893220-96-000957) (“PEA No. 9”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 to such Registration Statement filed on July 29, 1996 (Accession No. 0000893220-96-001248) (“PEA No. 11”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 12 to such Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1996 (Accession No. 0000893220-96-001771) (“PEA No. 12”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 to such Registration Statement filed on July 31, 1997 (Accession No. 0000893220-97-001320) (“PEA No. 16”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 to such Registration Statement filed on March 20, 1998 (Accession No. 0000893220-98-000578) (“PEA No. 19”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to such Registration Statement filed on May 28, 1999 (Accession No. 0000893220-99-000673) (“PEA No. 22”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to such Registration Statement filed on October 15, 1999 (Accession No. 0000893220-99-001176) (“PEA No. 27”),

Post-Effective Amendment Nos. 30 and 31 to such Registration Statement filed on May 15, 2000 (Accession Nos. 0000927405-00-000135 and 0000927405-00-000136) (“PEA Nos. 30 and 31”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to such Registration Statement filed on August 1, 2000 (Accession No. 0000948221-00-000340) (“PEA No. 34”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to such Registration Statement filed on March 9, 2001 (Accession No. 0000912057-01-007427) (“PEA No. 35”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 to such Registration Statement filed on July 30, 2001 (Accession No. 0000912057-01-525747) (“PEA No. 37”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 to such Registration Statement filed on May 30, 2002 (Accession No. 0000912057-02-022419) (“PEA No. 38”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 to such Registration Statement filed on July 29, 2003 (Accession No. 0001047469-03-025437) (“PEA No. 39”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to such Registration Statement filed on July 26, 2004 (Accession No. 0000950137-04-005850) (“PEA No. 40”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to such Registration Statement filed on December 1, 2004 (Accession No. 0000950137-04-010606) (“PEA No. 41”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 to such Registration Statement filed on May 25, 2005 (Accession No. 0000950137-05-006454) (“PEA No. 42”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 to such Registration Statement filed on December 16, 2005 (Accession No. 0000950137-05-015036) (“PEA No. 45”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to such Registration Statement filed on March 27, 2006 (Accession No. 0000950137-06-003828) (“PEA No. 46”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to such Registration Statement filed on June 22, 2006 (Accession No. 0000950137-06-007089) (“PEA No. 49”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to such Registration Statement filed on July 28, 2006 (Accession No. 0000950137-06-008268) (“PEA No. 50”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 53 to such Registration Statement filed on May 30, 2007 (Accession No. 0000950137-07-008254), (“PEA No. 53”),

 

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Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to such Registration Statement filed on August 13, 2007 (Accession No. 0000950137-07-012261) (“PEA No. 57”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 58 to such Registration Statement filed on September 7, 2007 (Accession No. 0000950137-07-013913) (“PEA No. 58”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 59 to such Registration Statement filed on July 1, 2008 (Accession No. 0001193125-08-145069) (“PEA No. 59”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to such Registration Statement filed on July 29, 2008 (Accession No. 0001193125-08-160161) (“PEA No. 60”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 62 to such Registration Statement filed on September 11, 2008 (Accession No. 0001193125-08-194615) (“PEA No. 62”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to such Registration Statement filed on November 17, 2008 (Accession No. 0001193125-08-237777) (“PEA No. 63”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to such Registration Statement filed on March 31, 2009 (Accession No. 0001193125-09-069646) (“PEA No. 64”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 to such Registration Statement filed on June 22, 2009 (Accession No. 0001193125-09-134909) (“PEA No. 65”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 68 to such Registration Statement filed on September 8, 2009 (Accession No. 0001193125-09-188660) (“PEA No. 68”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 69 to such Registration Statement filed on January 4, 2010 (Accession No. 0001193125-10-000472) (“PEA No. 69”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to such Registration Statement filed on May 28, 2010 (Accession No. 0000950130-10-000276) (“PEA No. 71”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 to such Registration Statement filed on July 29, 2010 (Accession No. 0001193125-10-170156) (“PEA No. 74”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 75 to such Registration Statement filed on July 29, 2010 (Accession No. 0001193125-10-170532) (“PEA No. 75”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 76 to such Registration Statement filed on May 16, 2011 (Accession No. 0001193125-11-141481) (“PEA No. 76”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 to such Registration Statement filed on July 27, 2011 (Accession No. 0001193125-11-199060) (“PEA No. 77”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 78 to such Registration Statement filed on July 27, 2011 (Accession No. 0001193125-11-199111) (“PEA No. 78”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 81 to such Registration Statement filed on March 21, 2012 (Accession No. 0001193125-12-125352) (“PEA No. 81”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 to such Registration Statement filed on April 25, 2012 (Accession No. 0001193125-12-181937) (“PEA No. 83”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 85 to such Registration Statement filed on July 23, 2012 (Accession No. 0001193125-12-310485) (“PEA No. 85”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 86 to such Registration Statement filed on July 23, 2012 (Accession No. 0001193125-12-310585) (“PEA No. 86”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 to such Registration Statement filed on August 17, 2012 (Accession No. 0001193125-12-360787) (“PEA No. 91”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 93 to such Registration Statement filed on December 7, 2012 (Accession No. 0001193125-12-495705) (“PEA No. 93”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to such Registration Statement filed on March 22, 2013 (Accession No. 0001193125-13-121464) (“PEA No. 95”),

 

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Post-Effective Amendment No. 98 to such Registration Statement filed on July 22, 2013 (Accession No. 0001193125-13-297456) (“PEA No. 98”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 to such Registration Statement filed on October 15, 2013 (Accession No. 0001193125-13-400061) (“PEA No. 102”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to such Registration Statement filed on July 24, 2014 (Accession No. 0001193125-14-279075) (“PEA No. 104”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 105 to such Registration Statement filed on July 24, 2014 (Accession No. 0001193125-14-279120) (“PEA No. 105”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 108 to such Registration Statement filed on July 24, 2015 (Accession No. 0001193125-15-262844) (“PEA No. 108”), and

Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to such Registration Statement filed on July 24, 2015 (Accession No. 0001193125-15-262896) (“PEA No. 109”).

 

a)

   (1)    Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 7, 2000 filed as Exhibit (a)(19) to PEA Nos. 30 and 31.
   (2)    Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 8, 2000 filed as Exhibit (a)(2) to PEA No. 34.
   (3)    Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated May 2, 2000 filed as Exhibit (a)(3) to PEA No. 34.
   (4)    Amendment No. 3 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated September 25, 2000 filed as Exhibit (a)(1) to PEA No. 35.
   (5)    Amendment No. 4 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 2, 2001 filed as Exhibit (a)(2) to PEA No. 35.
   (6)    Amendment No. 5 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated July 29, 2003 filed as Exhibit (a)(6) to PEA No. 39.
   (7)    Amendment No. 6 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated October 26, 2004 filed as Exhibit (a)(7) to PEA No. 41.
   (8)    Amendment No. 7 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 11, 2005 filed as Exhibit (a)(8) to PEA No. 42.
   (9)    Amendment No. 8 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated May 6, 2005 filed as Exhibit (a)(9) to PEA No. 42.
   (10)    Amendment No. 9 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated November 4, 2005 filed as Exhibit (a)(10) to PEA No. 45.
   (11)    Amendment No. 10 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 16, 2006 filed as Exhibit (a)(11) to PEA No. 46.
   (12)    Amendment No. 11 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated May 5, 2006 filed as Exhibit (a)(12) to PEA No. 49.
   (13)    Amendment No. 12 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated May 4, 2006 filed as Exhibit (a)(13) to PEA No. 49.
   (14)    Amendment No. 13 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated May 5, 2006 filed as Exhibit (a)(14) to PEA No. 49.
   (15)    Amendment No. 14 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated June 20, 2006 filed as Exhibit (a)(15) to PEA No. 50.
   (16)    Amendment No. 15 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 16, 2007 filed as Exhibit (a)(16) to PEA No. 53.
   (17)    Amendment No. 16 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 15, 2007 filed as Exhibit (a)(17) to PEA No. 53.
   (18)    Amendment No. 17 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 3, 2007 filed as Exhibit (a)(18) to PEA No. 57.
   (19)    Amendment No. 18 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 3, 2007 filed as Exhibit (a)(19) to PEA No. 57.

 

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   (20)    Amendment No. 19 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated November 2, 2007 filed as Exhibit (a)(20) to PEA No. 60.
   (21)    Amendment No. 20 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 8, 2008 filed as Exhibit (a)(21) to PEA No. 63.
   (22)    Amendment No. 21 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated November 7, 2008 filed as Exhibit (a)(22) to PEA No. 63.
   (23)    Amendment No. 22 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated May 8, 2009 filed as Exhibit (a)(23) to PEA No. 65.
   (24)    Amendment No. 23 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 28, 2009 filed as Exhibit (a)(24) to PEA No. 68.
   (25)    Amendment No. 24 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated December 14, 2009 filed as Exhibit (a)(25) to PEA No. 71.
   (26)    Amendment No. 25 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective May 14, 2010 filed as Exhibit (a)(26) to PEA No. 74.
   (27)    Amendment No. 26 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective July 31, 2010 filed as Exhibit (a)(27) to PEA No. 74.
   (28)    Amendment No. 27 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective August 11, 2010 filed as Exhibit (a)(28) to PEA No. 76.
   (29)    Amendment No. 28 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective February 18, 2011 filed as Exhibit (a)(29) to PEA No. 76.
   (30)    Amendment No. 29 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective May 18, 2012 filed as Exhibit (a)(30) to PEA No. 86.
   (31)    Amendment No. 30 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective August 9, 2012 filed as Exhibit (a)(31) to PEA No. 91.
   (32)    Amendment No. 31 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective November 9, 2012 filed as Exhibit (a)(32) to PEA No. 93.
   (33)    Amendment No. 32 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective February 15, 2013 filed as Exhibit (a)(33) to PEA No. 95.
   (34)    Amendment No. 33 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective August 22, 2013 filed as Exhibit (a)(34) to PEA No. 102.
   (35)    Amendment No. 34 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective August 22, 2013 filed as Exhibit (a)(35) to PEA No. 104.
   (36)    Amendment No. 35 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective February 14, 2014 filed as Exhibit (a)(36) to PEA No. 104.
   (37)    Amendment No. 36 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective December 5, 2014 filed as Exhibit (a)(37) to PEA No. 108.
   (38)    Amendment No. 37 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective August 21, 2015 is filed herewith.
   (39)    Amendment No. 38 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective March 9, 2016 is filed herewith.

b)

   (1)    Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted August 2, 2000 filed as Exhibit (b)(1) to PEA No. 38.
   (2)    Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted March 31, 2003 filed as Exhibit (b)(2) to PEA No. 39.
   (3)    Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted July 29, 2003 filed as Exhibit (b)(3) to PEA No. 39.
   (4)    Amendment No. 3 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted April 27, 2004 filed as Exhibit (b)(4) to PEA No. 40.
   (5)    Amendment No. 4 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted July 27, 2004 filed as Exhibit (b)(5) to PEA No. 41.
   (6)    Amendment No. 5 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted June 20, 2006 filed as Exhibit (b)(6) to PEA No. 50.

 

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   (7)    Amendment No. 6 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted February 14, 2008 filed as Exhibit (b)(7) to PEA No. 60.
   (8)    Amendment No. 7 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted November 5, 2010 filed as Exhibit (b)(8) to PEA No. 76.
   (9)    Amendment No. 8 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted August 19, 2015 is filed herewith.
   (10)    Amendment No. 9 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted August 20, 2015 is filed herewith.

c)

      Articles IV, V, VI, VII and IX of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 7, 2000 filed as Exhibit (a)(19) to PEA Nos. 30 and 31.

d)

   (1)    Management Agreement between Northern Funds and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(1) to PEA No. 104.
   (2)    Management Agreement between Northern Funds (on behalf of the Multi-Manager Funds) and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(2) to PEA No. 104.
   (3)    Form of Amended and Restated Exhibit A to the Management Agreement between Northern Funds (on behalf of the Multi-Manager Funds) and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. is filed herewith.
   (4)    Form of Amended and Restated Exhibit A to the Amended and Restated Expense Reimbursement Agreement between the Registrant and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. is filed herewith.
   (5)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and Altrinsic Global Advisors, LLC dated June 22, 2006 filed as Exhibit (d)(30) to PEA No. 49.*
   (6)    Assumption Agreement dated October 1, 2009 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Altrinsic Global Advisors, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(34) to PEA No. 69.
   (7)    Assumption Agreement dated December 30, 2010 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Altrinsic Global Advisors, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(100) to PEA No. 78.
   (8)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Altrinsic Global Advisors, LLC dated October 1, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(97) to PEA No. 98.*
   (9)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Altrinsic Global Advisors, LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(145) to PEA No. 105.
   (10)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and Axiom International Investors, LLC dated November 19, 2008 filed as Exhibit (d)(58) to PEA No. 64. *
   (11)    Assumption Agreement dated October 1, 2009 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Axiom International Investors, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(35) to PEA No. 69.
   (12)    Assumption Agreement dated December 30, 2010 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Axiom International Investors, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(101) to PEA No. 78.
   (13)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Axiom International Investors LLC dated October 1, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(98) to PEA No. 98.*
   (14)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Axiom International Investors, LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(136) to PEA No. 105.
   (15)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and BlueBay Asset Management LLP dated November 22, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(134) to PEA No. 105.*
   (16)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and BlueBay Asset Management LLP dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(162) to PEA No. 105.

 

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   (17)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Brookfield Investment Management Inc. dated May 18, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(128) to PEA No. 86.*
   (18)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Brookfield Investment Management Inc. dated January 1, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(108) to PEA No. 98.*
   (19)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Brookfield Investment Management Inc. dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(141) to PEA No. 105.
   (20)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Cardinal Capital Management, L.L.C. dated January 1, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(130) to PEA No. 105.*
   (21)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Cardinal Capital Management, L.L.C. dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(157) to PEA No. 105.
   (22)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and DDJ Capital Management, LLC dated September 19, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(95) to PEA No. 98.*
   (23)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and DDJ Capital Management, LLC dated October 1, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(96) to PEA No. 98.*
   (24)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and DDJ Capital Management, LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(164) to PEA No. 105.
   (25)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut (formerly Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc.), Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and Delaware Management Company dated January 4, 2010 filed as Exhibit (d)(98) to PEA No. 75.*
   (26)    Assumption Agreement dated December 30, 2010 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Delaware Management Company, a series of Delaware Management Business Trust filed as Exhibit (d)(103) to PEA No. 78.
   (27)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Delaware Management Company dated October 1, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(100) to PEA No. 98.*
   (28)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Delaware Investments Fund Advisers dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(150) to PEA No. 105.
   (29)    Assignment and Assumption of Sub-Advisory Agreement among Delaware Management Company and Delaware Investment Fund Advisers dated May 22, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(101) to PEA No. 98.
   (30)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut, Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and Denver Investment Advisors LLC dated June 3, 2010 filed as Exhibit (d)(101) to PEA No. 75.*
   (31)    Assumption Agreement dated December 30, 2010 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Denver Investment Advisors LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(104) to PEA No. 78.
   (32)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Denver Investment Advisors, LLC dated October 1, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(102) to PEA No. 98.*
   (33)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Denver Investment Advisors LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(158) to PEA No. 105.
   (34)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and EARNEST Partners, LLC dated June 15, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(127) to PEA No. 86.*
   (35)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and EARNEST Partners, LLC dated January 1, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(110) to PEA No. 98.*
   (36)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and EARNEST Partners, LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(146) to PEA No. 105.

 

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   (37)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and Geneva Capital Management Ltd. dated June 22, 2006 filed as Exhibit (d)(31) to PEA No. 49.*
   (38)    Assumption Agreement dated October 1, 2009 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Geneva Capital Management Ltd. Filed as Exhibit (d)(40) to PEA No. 69.
   (39)    Assumption Agreement dated December 30, 2010 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Geneva Capital Management Ltd. Filed as Exhibit (d)(106) to PEA No. 78.
   (40)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Geneva Capital Management Ltd. Dated January 1, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(112) to PEA No. 98.*
   (41)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Geneva Capital Management Ltd dated March 5, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(113) to PEA No. 98.*
   (42)    Amendment No. 3 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Geneva Capital Management Ltd. Dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(154) to PEA No. 105.
   (43)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut, Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC dated June 3, 2010 filed as Exhibit (d)(102) to PEA No. 75.*
   (44)    Assumption Agreement dated December 30, 2010 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Hotchkis & Wiley Capital Management, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(107) to PEA No. 78.
   (45)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC dated January 1, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(114) to PEA No. 98.*
   (46)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(159) to PEA No. 105.
   (47)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Huber Capital Management LLC dated August 23, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(131) to PEA No. 105.*
   (48)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Huber Capital Management, LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(151) to PEA No. 105.
   (49)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and Jennison Associates LLC dated August 3, 2007 filed as Exhibit (d)(50) to PEA No. 60.*
   (50)    Assumption Agreement dated October 1, 2009 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Jennison Associates LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(42) to PEA No. 69.
   (51)    Assumption Agreement dated December 30, 2010 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Jennison Associates LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(109) to PEA No. 78.
   (52)    Amendment No. 1 to Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Jennison Associates, LLC dated January 1, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(59) to PEA No. 86.*
   (53)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Jennison Associates LLC dated October 1, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(103) to PEA No. 98.*
   (54)    Amendment No. 3 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Jennison Associates LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(152) to PEA No. 105.
   (55)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Lazard Asset Management LLC dated August 23, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(85) to PEA No. 102.*
   (56)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Lazard Asset Management LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(163) to PEA No. 105.

 

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   (57)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Lazard Asset Management LLC dated March 7, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(125) to PEA No. 98.*
   (58)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Lazard Asset Management LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(142) to PEA No. 105.
   (59)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P. dated August 28, 2009 filed as Exhibit (d)(70) to PEA No. 68.*
   (60)    Assumption Agreement dated October 1, 2009 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Loomis, Sayles & Company L.P. filed as Exhibit (d)(43) to PEA No. 69.
   (61)    Assumption Agreement dated December 30, 2010 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P. filed as Exhibit (d)(110) to PEA No. 78.
   (62)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Loomis, Sayles & Company, LP dated January 1, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(115) to PEA No. 98.*
   (63)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P. dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(165) to PEA No. 105.
   (64)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and LSV Asset Management dated June 22, 2006 filed as Exhibit (d)(33) to PEA No. 49.*
   (65)    Assumption Agreement dated October 1, 2009 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and LSV Asset Management filed as Exhibit (d)(44) to PEA No. 69.
   (66)    Assumption Agreement dated December 30, 2010 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and LSV Asset Management filed as Exhibit (d)(111) to PEA No. 78.
   (67)    Amendment No. 1 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and LSV Asset Management dated August 4, 2006 filed as Exhibit (d)(36) to PEA No. 53.
   (68)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and LSV Asset Management dated October 1, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(104) to PEA No. 98.*
   (69)    Amendment No. 3 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and LSV Asset Management dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(155) to PEA No. 105.
   (70)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Neuberger Berman Fixed Income LLC dated July 1, 2011 filed as Exhibit (d)(128) to PEA No. 78.*
   (71)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Neuberger Berman Fixed Income LLC dated January 1, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(116) to PEA No. 98.*
   (72)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Neuberger Berman Fixed Income LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(166) to PEA No. 105.
   (73)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and NFJ Investment Group dated October 1, 2010 filed as Exhibit (d)(98) to PEA No. 78.*
   (74)    Assumption Agreement dated December 30, 2010 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and NFJ Investment Group filed as Exhibit (d)(113) to PEA No. 78.
   (75)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and NFJ Investment Group dated October 1, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(105) to PEA No. 98.*
   (76)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and NFJ Investment Group, LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(147) to PEA No. 105.
   (77)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. dated August 23, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(132) to PEA No. 105.*

 

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   (78)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(137) to PEA No. 105.
   (79)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and PanAgora Asset Management, Inc. dated November 22, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(133) to PEA No. 105.*
   (80)    Assumption Agreement dated October 1, 2009 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and PanAgora Asset Management, Inc. filed as Exhibit (d)(49) to PEA No. 69.
   (81)    Assumption Agreement dated December 30, 2010 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and PanAgora Asset Management, Inc. filed as Exhibit (d)(114) to PEA No. 78.
   (82)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and PanAgora Asset Management Inc. dated January 1, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(118) to PEA No. 98.*
   (83)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and PanAgora Asset Management, Inc. dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(138) to PEA No. 105.
   (84)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Pzena Investment Management LLC dated June 28, 2011 filed as Exhibit (d)(127) to PEA No. 78.*
   (85)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Pzena Investment Management LLC dated January 1, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(119) to PEA No. 98.*
   (86)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Pzena Investment Management, LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(139) to PEA No. 105.
   (87)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Riverbridge Partners LLC dated January 1, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(120) to PEA No. 98.*
   (88)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Riverbridge Partners, LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(160) to PEA No. 105.
   (89)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Summit Creek Advisors, LLC dated February 21, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(124) to PEA No. 98.*
   (90)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Summit Creek Advisors, LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(161) to PEA No. 105.
   (91)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and WestEnd Advisors, LLC dated September 4, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(93) to PEA No. 98.*
   (92)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and WestEnd Advisors, LLC dated October 1, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(94) to PEA No. 98.*
   (93)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and WestEnd Advisors, LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(153) to PEA No. 105.
   (94)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and Westwood Global Investments, LLC dated November 19, 2008 filed as Exhibit (d)(60) to PEA No. 64.*
   (95)    Assumption Agreement dated October 1, 2009 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Westwood Global Investments, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(54) to PEA No. 69.
   (96)    Assumption Agreement dated December 30, 2010 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Westwood Global Investments, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(122) to PEA No. 78.
   (97)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Westwood Global Investments, LLC dated January 1, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(123) to PEA No. 98.*

 

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   (98)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Westwood Global Investments, LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(140) to PEA No. 105.
   (99)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and William Blair & Company, LLC dated March 3, 2008 filed as Exhibit (d)(56) to PEA No. 60.*
   (100)    Assumption Agreement dated October 1, 2009 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and William Blair & Company filed as Exhibit (d)(56) to PEA No. 69.
   (101)    Assumption Agreement dated December 30, 2010 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and William Blair & Company, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(123) to PEA No. 78.
   (102)    Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and William Blair Company, LLC dated October 1, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(109) to PEA. No. 98.*
   (103)    Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and William Blair & Company, LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(149) to PEA No. 105.
   (104)    Assumption Agreement dated June 22, 2015 among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., William Blair & Company, LLC and William Blair Investment Management, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(154) to PEA No. 109.
   (105)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Delaware Investments Fund Advisers dated August 22, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(155) to PEA No. 109.
   (106)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Brookfield Investment Management Inc. dated November 24, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(156) to PEA No. 109.
   (163)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Geneva Capital Management, LLC dated October 1, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(157) to PEA No. 109.
   (107)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Vaughan Nelson Investment Management, L.P. dated August 21, 2015 is filed herewith.
   (108)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and WCM Investment Management dated August 21, 2015 is filed herewith.
   (109)    Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Delaware Investments Fund Advisors is filed herewith.
   (110)    Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Granite Investment Partners, LLC is filed herewith.
   (111)    Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and The London Company of Virginia, LLC is filed herewith.
   (112)    Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Polen Capital Management, LLC is filed herewith.

e)

   (1)    Distribution Agreement between Registrant and Northern Funds Distributors, LLC dated March 31, 2009 filed as Exhibit (e)(1) to PEA No. 71.
   (2)    Amended and Restated Schedule A to the Distribution Agreement between Registrant and Northern Funds Distributors, LLC dated October 15, 2013 filed as Exhibit (e)(7) to PEA No. 102.
   (3)    Form of Amended and Restated Schedule A to the Distribution Agreement between Registrant and Northern Funds Distributors, LLC is filed herewith.

f)

      None.

g)

   (1)    Custody Agreement between Northern Funds and The Northern Trust Company dated June 30, 2014 filed as
Exhibit (g)(1) to PEA No. 104.
   (2)    Form of Amended and Restated Schedule A to the Custody Agreement between Northern Funds and The Northern Trust Company dated June 30, 2014 is filed herewith.

 

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   (3)    Form of Amended and Restated Schedule B to the Custody Agreement between Northern Funds and The Northern Trust Company dated June 30, 2014, is filed herewith.
   (4)    Form of Amended and Rested Schedule C to the Custody Agreement between Northern Funds and The Northern Trust Company dated June 30, 2014, is filed herewith.

h)

   (1)    Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Registrant and The Northern Trust Company dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (h)(1) to PEA No. 104.
   (2)    Form of Amended and Restated Schedule A to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Registrant and The Northern Trust Company dated June 30, 2014 is filed herewith.
   (3)    Form of Amended and Restated Schedule B to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Registrant and The Northern Trust Company dated June 30, 2014 is filed herewith.
   (4)    Amended and Restated Service Plan, adopted as of April 1, 1994 and most recently revised as of September 15, 1999, and Related Agreement filed as Exhibit (h)(11) to PEA No. 27.
   (5)    Amended and Restated Service Plan adopted on April 1, 1994 and amended on May 2, 2000 and filed as Exhibit (h)(16) to PEA No. 34 and Related Forms of Servicing Agreement as amended on February 13, 2004 filed as Exhibit (h)(19) to PEA 40.
   (6)    Plan of Reorganization by Northern Institutional Funds, on behalf of its Core Bond Portfolio, Short Bond Portfolio and U.S. Treasury Index Portfolio and Northern Funds, on behalf of its Core Bond Fund, Short Bond Fund and U.S. Treasury Index Fund, dated August 9, 2012 is filed as Exhibit (h)(47) to PEA No. 95.
   (7)    Plan of Reorganization by Northern Institutional Funds, on behalf of its Acquired Funds and Northern Funds, on behalf of its Acquiring Funds, dated August 9, 2012 is filed as Exhibit (h)(48) to PEA No. 95.
   (8)    Plan of Reorganization by Northern Funds on behalf of its Large Cap Growth Fund and its Large Cap Core Fund and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. (“NTI”) filed as Exhibit (h)(43) to PEA No. 108.

i)

      Opinion and Consent of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP is filed herewith.

j)

      Consent of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP (included in Exhibit (i) above).

k)

      None.

l)

   (1)    Purchase Agreement dated March 31, 1994 filed as Exhibit 13(a) to PEA No. 11.
   (2)    Purchase Agreement dated March 14, 1994 filed as Exhibit 13(b) to PEA No. 11.
   (3)    Purchase Agreement dated December 31, 1998 for shares of the High Yield Fixed Income Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(4) to PEA No. 22.
   (4)    Purchase Agreement dated December 31, 1998 for shares of the High Yield Municipal Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(5) to PEA No. 22.
   (5)    Purchase Agreement dated September 3, 1999 for shares of the Small Cap Index Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(6) to PEA No. 27.
   (6)    Purchase Agreement dated September 3, 1999 for shares of the Income Equity Fund, Stock Index Fund, Growth Equity Fund, Technology Fund, International Growth Equity Fund and Small Cap Index Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(7) to PEA No. 27.
   (7)    Purchase Agreement dated September 30, 1999 for shares of the Small Cap Growth Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(8) to PEA No. 27.
   (8)    Purchase Agreement dated September 30, 1999 for shares of the Short-Intermediate U.S. Government Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(9) to PEA No. 27.
   (9)    Purchase Agreement dated September 30, 1999 for shares of the California Intermediate Tax-Exempt Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(10) to PEA No. 27.
   (10)    Purchase Agreement dated September 30, 1999 for shares of the Arizona Tax-Exempt Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(11) to PEA No. 27.

 

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   (11)    Purchase Agreement dated October 1, 1999 for shares of the U.S. Government Fund, Intermediate Tax-Exempt Fund, Fixed Income Fund, Tax-Exempt Fund, California Tax-Exempt Fund, International Fixed Income Fund, Arizona Tax-Exempt Fund, California Intermediate Tax-Exempt Fund and Short-Intermediate U.S. Government Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(12) to PEA No. 27.
   (12)    Purchase Agreement dated February 14, 2000 for shares of the Tax-Exempt Money Market Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(15) to PEA Nos. 30 and 31.
   (13)    Purchase Agreement dated August 2, 2000 for shares of the Large Cap Value Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(1) to PEA No. 35.
   (14)    Purchase Agreement dated February 14, 2005 for shares of the Mid Cap Index Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(19) to PEA No. 42.
   (15)    Purchase Agreement dated February 14, 2005 for shares of the International Equity Index Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(20) to PEA No. 42.
   (16)    Purchase Agreement dated December 5, 2005 for shares of the Enhanced Large Cap Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(21) to PEA No. 45.
   (17)    Purchase Agreement dated February 17, 2006 for shares of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(22) to PEA No. 46.
   (18)    Purchase Agreement dated May 5, 2006 for shares of the Multi-Manager Mid Cap Fund, Multi-Manager Small Cap Fund, and Multi-Manager International Equity Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(23) to PEA No. 50.
   (19)    Purchase Agreement dated May 5, 2006 for shares of the Global Real Estate Index Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(24) to PEA No. 50.
   (20)    Purchase Agreement dated February 16, 2007 for shares of the Bond Index Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(25) to PEA No. 53.
   (21)    Purchase Agreement dated August 3, 2007 for shares of the Multi-Manager Large Cap Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(26) to PEA No. 58.
   (22)    Purchase Agreement dated August 3, 2007 for shares of the Short-Intermediate Tax-Exempt Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(27) to PEA No. 58.
   (23)    Purchase Agreement dated November 2, 2007 for shares of the Global Sustainability Index Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(28) to PEA No. 59.
   (24)    Purchase Agreement dated August 8, 2008 for shares of the Developed International Small Cap Index Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(29) to PEA No. 62.
   (25)    Purchase Agreement dated November 17, 2008 for shares of the Multi-Manager Emerging Markets Equity Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(30) to PEA No. 63.
   (26)   

Purchase Agreement dated November 17, 2008 for shares of the Multi-Manager Global Real Estate Fund filed as

Exhibit (l)(31) to PEA No. 63.

   (27)    Purchase Agreement dated May 8, 2009 for shares of the Ultra-Short Fixed Income Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(32) to PEA No. 65.
   (28)    Purchase Agreement dated May 8, 2009 for shares of the Tax-Advantaged Ultra-Short Fixed Income Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(33) to PEA No. 65.
   (29)    Purchase Agreement dated August 29, 2009 for shares of the Multi-Manager High Yield Opportunity Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(34) to PEA No. 68.
   (30)    Purchase Agreement dated May 20, 2011 for shares of the Global Tactical Asset Allocation Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(38) to PEA No. 77.
   (31)    Purchase Agreement dated May 18, 2012 for shares of the Multi-Manager Global Listed Infrastructure Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(39) to PEA No. 86.
   (32)    Purchase Agreement dated August 9, 2012 for shares of the Core Bond Fund is filed as Exhibit (l)(32) to PEA No. 95.
   (33)    Purchase Agreement dated August 9, 2012 for shares of the Short Bond Fund is filed as Exhibit (l)(33) to PEA No. 95.
   (34)    Purchase Agreement dated August 9, 2012 for shares of the U.S. Treasury Index Fund is filed as Exhibit (l)(34) to PEA No. 95.

 

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   (35)    Purchase Agreement dated November 9, 2012 for shares of the Investors Variable NAV Money Market Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(40) to PEA No. 93.
   (36)    Purchase Agreement dated November 9, 2012 for shares of the Investors Variable NAV AMT-Free Municipal Money Market Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(41) to PEA No. 93.
   (37)    Purchase Agreement dated November 9, 2012 for shares of the Investors Variable NAV U.S. Government Money Market Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(42) to PEA No. 93.
   (38)    Purchase Agreement dated November 9, 2012 for shares of the Investors Variable NAV Treasury Money Market Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(43) to PEA No. 93.
   (39)    Purchase Agreement dated October 15, 2013 for shares of the Multi-Manager Emerging Markets Debt Opportunity Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(39) to PEA No. 102.
   (40)    Form of Purchase Agreement for shares of the Active M U.S. Equity Fund is filed herewith.

m)

   (1)    Amended and Restated Distribution and Service Plan, adopted April 1, 1994 and most recently revised as of September 15, 1999, and Related Agreement filed as Exhibit (m) to PEA No. 27.
   (2)    Amended and Restated Distribution and Service Plan, adopted April 1, 1994 and most recently amended as of May 2, 2000 and related Agreement filed as Exhibit (m)(2) to PEA No. 81.

n)

      None.

o)

      None.

p)

   (1)    Amended Code of Ethics of the Trust revised on February 19, 2009 filed as Exhibit (p)(1) to PEA No. 65.
   (2)    Amended Code of Ethics of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. adopted February 1, 2005, as amended January 1, 2014, filed as Exhibit (p)(2) to PEA No. 104.
   (3)    Code of Ethics of William Blair Funds and William Blair & Company, L.L.C.’s Investment Management Department, as amended May 9, 2007, February 18, 2010 and April 29, 2014 filed as Exhibit (p)(3) to PEA No. 105.
   (4)    Code of Ethics and Personal Trading Policy of Geneva Capital Management Ltd., adopted September 20, 2004, as revised October 1, 2014 filed as Exhibit (p)(4) to PEA No. 109.
   (5)    Code of Ethics of Delaware Investments dated October 1, 2013 filed as Exhibit (p)(6) to PEA No. 105.
   (6)    Code of Ethics of Axiom International Investors LLC as updated August 2014 filed as Exhibit (p)(6) to PEA No. 109.
   (7)    Code of Ethics of Westwood Global Investments, LLC dated December 31, 2014 filed as Exhibit (p)(7) to PEA No. 109.
   (8)    Code of Ethics of Altrinsic Global Advisors, LLC dated January 1, 2014 filed as Exhibit (p)(9) to PEA No. 105.
   (9)    Code of Ethics of PanAgora Asset Management, Inc., dated December 31, 2013 filed as Exhibit (p)(9) to PEA No. 109.
   (10)    Code of Ethics, Policy on Insider Trading and Personal Trading Policy of Jennison Associates LLC, as amended December 31, 2014 filed as Exhibit (p)(10) to PEA No. 109.
   (11)    Code of Ethics and Personal Trading Policy of LSV Asset Management dated October 18, 2013 filed as Exhibit (p)(13) to PEA No. 105.
   (12)    Code of Ethics of Systematic Financial Management, L.P., effective November 2013 filed as Exhibit (p)(12) to PEA No. 109.
   (13)    Code of Ethics of Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P., effective January 14, 2000, as amended through December 18, 2014 filed as Exhibit (p)(13) to PEA No. 109.
   (14)    Code of Ethics of Riverbridge Partners LLC dated September 1, 2004, as updated May 1, 2015 filed as Exhibit (p)(14) to PEA No. 109.
   (15)    Code of Ethics of Denver Investment Advisors LLC amended effective June 1, 2013 filed as Exhibit (p)(20) to PEA No. 98.
   (16)    Code of Conduct of Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC dated December 2, 2013 filed as Exhibit (p)(18) to PEA No. 105.
   (17)    Code of Ethics of Cardinal Capital Management, L.L.C. dated June 2015 filed as Exhibit (p)(17) to PEA No. 109.
   (18)    Code of Business Conduct and Ethics of Pzena Investment Management, Inc. and Pzena Investment Management, LLC, revised as of March 2014 filed as Exhibit (p)(20) to PEA No. 105.

 

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   (19)    Code of Ethics of Neuberger Berman Fixed Income LLC dated January 2013 filed as Exhibit (p)(24) to PEA No. 98.
   (20)    Code of Ethics of Northern Cross, LLC reviewed March 2015 filed as Exhibit (p)(20) to PEA No. 109.
   (21)    Code of Ethics of EARNEST Partners, LLC dated August 4, 2008 filed as Exhibit (p)(33) to PEA No. 86.
   (22)    Code of Ethics of Brookfield Investment Management Inc. and subsidiaries dated August 20, 2013, as revised December 22, 2014 filed as Exhibit (p)(22) to PEA No. 109.
   (23)    Code of Ethics of DDJ as updated April 28, 2015 filed as Exhibit (p)(23) to PEA No. 109.
   (24)    Code of Ethics of Allianz Global Investors U.S. Holdings and subsidiaries (NFJ Investment Group LLC) dated April 1, 2013, as amended March 31, 2015 filed as Exhibit (p)(24) to PEA No. 109.
   (25)    Code of Ethics of WestEnd Advisors, LLC as revised February 2015 filed as Exhibit (p)(25) to PEA No. 109.
   (26)    Code of Ethics of Summit Creek Advisors, LLC as revised March 14, 2014 filed as Exhibit (p)(26) to PEA No. 109.
   (27)    Code of Ethics of BlueBay Asset Management LLP dated June 2014 filed as Exhibit (p)(27) to PEA No. 109.
   (28)    Code of Ethics of Lazard Asset Management LLC dated January 2012 filed as Exhibit (p)(31) to PEA No. 105.
   (29)    Code of Ethics of Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. dated September 2013 filed as Exhibit (p)(32) to PEA No. 105.
   (30)    Code of Ethics of Huber Capital Management, LLC dated April 1, 2007, as revised January 29, 2013 filed as Exhibit (p)(30) to PEA No. 109.
   (31)    Code of Ethics of Vaughan Nelson Investment Management, L.P., amended as of December 31, 2014, is filed herewith.
   (32)    Code of Ethics of WCM Investment Management, as amended December 31, 2014, is filed herewith.
   (33)    Code of Ethics of Granite Investment Partners, LLC dated December 31, 2015 is filed herewith.
   (34)    Code of Ethics of The London Company of Virginia, LLC is filed herewith.
   (35)    Code of Ethics of Polen Capital Management LLC is filed herewith.

q)

   (1)    Power of Attorney dated May 21, 2015 for Northern Funds filed as Exhibit (q)(1) to PEA No. 108.

 

* Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

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ITEM 29. PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH THE REGISTRANT

Northern Funds is controlled by its Board of Trustees. The Northern Multi-Manager Funds are controlled by the Multi-Manager Funds Board of Trustees.

 

ITEM 30. INDEMNIFICATION

Section 3 of Article IV of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 7, 2000, as amended, provides for indemnification of the Registrant’s officers and Trustees under certain circumstances. A copy of such Agreement and Declaration of Trust was filed as Exhibit (a)(19) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 30/31 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A and is incorporated herein by reference.

Section 11 of the Northern Funds’ Management Agreement and Section 10 of the Northern Multi-Manager Funds’ Management Agreement, each between the Registrant and the investment adviser (the “Adviser”), provide for indemnification of the Adviser or, in lieu thereof, contribution by Registrant, in connection with certain claims and liabilities relating to advisory and administration services to which the Adviser may be subject. Copies of the Management Agreements were filed as Exhibits (d)(1) and (d)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A and are incorporated herein by reference.

Paragraph 3 of the Distribution Agreement dated March 31, 2009 between the Registrant and Northern Funds Distributors, LLC (“NFD”) provides that the Registrant will indemnify NFD against certain liabilities relating to untrue statements or omissions of material fact except those resulting from the reliance on information furnished to the Registrant by NFD, or those resulting from the willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence of NFD, or NFD’s breach of confidentiality. Paragraph 3 of the Distribution Agreement also provides that NFD will indemnify the Trustees and officers of the Registrant against certain liabilities relating to untrue statements or omissions of material fact resulting from the reliance on information furnished to the Registrant by NFD, and those liabilities resulting from NFD’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of its duties and obligations under the Distribution Agreement, or NFD’s breach of its confidentiality obligations under the Distribution Agreement. A copy of the Distribution Agreement was filed as Exhibit (e)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A and is incorporated herein by reference.

A mutual fund trustee and officer liability policy purchased by the Registrant insures the Registrant and its Trustees and officers, subject to the policy’s coverage limits and exclusions and varying deductibles, against loss resulting from claims by reason of any act, error, omission, misstatement, misleading statement, neglect or breach of duty.

 

ITEM 31. BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISER

Northern Trust Investments, Inc. (“NTI”), a subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation, serves as the investment adviser of each Fund of the Trust. NTI is referred to as “Investment Adviser.” NTI is an Illinois State Banking Corporation and an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. It primarily manages assets for institutional and individual separately managed accounts, investment companies and bank common and collective funds. Northern Trust Corporation is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a financial holding company under the U.S. Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. NTI is located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603.

Set forth below is a list of officers and directors of NTI and the Sub-Advisers of the Multi-Manager Funds, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years. The tables below were provided to the Registrant by the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers for inclusion in this Registration Statement.

 

Name and Position with

Investment Adviser (NTI)

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Browne, Robert P.    50 South Capital Advisors, LLC    CEO

Executive Vice President, Director, Chief Investment Officer and

Senior Trust Officer

     
Carberry, Craig R.    The Northern Trust Company    Associate General Counsel and
Chief Compliance Officer and Secretary   

50 South Capital Advisors, LLC

Northern Institutional Funds

FlexShares Trust

  

Senior Vice President

Secretary

Secretary

Secretary

 

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Name and Position with

Investment Adviser (NTI)

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Chappell, Darlene    50 South Capital Advisors, LLC    AML Compliance Officer

Vice President and Anti-Money

Laundering Compliance Officer

  

Northern Institutional Funds

FlexShares Trust

  

AML Compliance Officer

AML Compliance Officer

Del Real, Jose    FlexShares Trust    Assistant Secretary
Assistant Secretary    Northern Institutional Funds    Assistant Secretary
Dzanis, Marie E.    FlexShares Trust    Vice President
Senior Vice President      
Ewing, Peter K.    FlexShares Trust    Vice President
Senior Vice President      
Farmer, Steven P.    50 South Capital Advisers, LLC    Chief Compliance Officer
Senior Vice President    FlexShares Trust    Chief Compliance Officer
   Northern Institutional Funds    Chief Compliance Officer
Meehan, Michael G.    Northern Institutional Funds    Assistant Treasurer
Vice President      
O’Rourke, Kevin P.    Northern Institutional Funds    Vice President
Senior Vice President      

Rein, Randal E.

Senior Vice President

  

FlexShares Trust

Northern Institutional Funds

  

Treasurer, Principal Financial Officer &

Principal Accounting Officer

Treasurer

Rosenberg, Edward A.    FlexShares Trust    Vice President
Senior Vice President      

Thomas, Shundrawn

Executive Vice President and Director

  

FlexShares Trust

Northern Trust Securities, Inc.

  

President & Principal Executive Officer

Director

Wennlund, Lloyd A.    The Northern Trust Company    Executive Vice President
Director and Executive Vice President    Northern Institutional Funds    President

 

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Altrinsic Global Advisors, LLC (“Altrinsic”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager International Equity Fund. The principal business address of Altrinsic is 8 Sound Shore Drive, Greenwich, CT 06830. Altrinsic is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”).

 

Name and Position with

Altrinsic

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

John D. Hock,

Director, CEO and CIO

     

Deborah Judd,

Partner, COO

     

Rehan Chaudhri,

Partner, Portfolio Manager

     

John DeVita,

Partner, Portfolio Manager

     

Andrew Waight,

Partner

     

Srinivas Polaki,

Partner

     

Chetar Jindal,

Partner

     

Ken Denning,

Partner

     

Rich McCormick,

Partner

     

Sam Toy,

Partner

     

Dzemal Dervisevic,

Partner

     

Robert Lang III,

Partner

     

Niels Anderson,

Partner

     

Brian Leamy,

Partner

     

Bob Vegliante,

Partner, General Counsel & Chief

Compliance Officer

     

Troy Swan,

Director

   National Australia Bank   

General Manager Boutiques and Joint

Ventures, Private Equity Investment

Greg Rogers,

Director

   RayLign Advisory LLC    Founder

 

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Axiom International Investors, LLC (“Axiom”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Emerging Markets Equity Fund. The principal business address of Axiom is 33 Benedict Place, 2nd Floor, Greenwich, CT 06830. Axiom is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

Axiom

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Donald K. Miller, Chairman   

RPM International Inc.

2628 Pearl Road

P.O. Box 777

Medina, Ohio 44258

   Director
  

Layne Christensen Company

1900 Shawnee Mission Parkway

Mission Woods, KS 66205

  

BlueBay Asset Management LLC (“BlueBay”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Emerging Markets Debt Opportunity fund. The principal business address of BlueBay is Four Stanford Plaza, 107 Elm Street, Suite 512, Stamford, CT 06902. BlueBay is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

BlueBay

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

None.      

Brookfield Investment Management Inc. (“Brookfield”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Global Listed Infrastructure Fund and Multi-Manager Global Real Estate Fund. The principal business address of Brookfield is 250 Vesey Street, Brookfield Place, New York, NY 10281. Brookfield is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

Brookfield

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Craig Noble

Chief Executive Officer and Chief

Investment Officer, Portfolio

Manager, Global Infrastructure

Securities

   Brookfield Asset Management Inc.    Managing Partner

Samuel Arnold

Managing Director, Portfolio

Manager, Global Infrastructure

Securities

     

Jason Baine

Managing Director, Portfolio

Manager, Global Real Estate

Securities

     

Bernhard Krieg

Managing Director, Portfolio

Manager, Global Real Estate

Securities

     

 

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Cardinal Capital Management LLC (“Cardinal”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Small Cap Fund. The principal business address of Cardinal is Four Greenwich Office Park, Greenwich, CT 06831. Cardinal is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

Cardinal

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Amy K. Minella

Managing Partner and Portfolio

Manager

     

Eugene Fox

Managing Partner and Portfolio

Manager

     

Robert B. Kirkpatrick

Managing Partner and Portfolio

Manager

     

Rachel D. Matthews

Partner and Portfolio Manager

     

DDJ Capital Management, LLC (“DDJ Capital”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager High Yield Opportunity Fund. The principal business address of DDJ Capital is 130 Turner Street, Building 3, Suite 600, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453. DDJ Capital is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

DDJ Capital

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

David J. Breazzano

Manager, President and Chief

Investment Officer

     

Joshua L. McCarthy

Chief Compliance Officer and

General Counsel

     

John F. O’Connor

Senior Vice President,

Head of Business

Development and Client

Service

     

Anthony M. Ranaldi

Executive Vice President

and Portfolio Manager

     

John J. Russell, IV

Chief Financial Officer

     

 

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Delaware Investments Fund Advisers (“Delaware Investments”), a series of Delaware Management Business Trust (“DMBT”), is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Global Real Estate Fund, Multi-Manager Large Cap Fund and Active M U.S. Equity Fund. The principal business address of Delaware Investments is 2005 Market Street, One Commerce Square, Philadelphia, PA 19103-7094. DMBT is a registered investment adviser under the Advisers Act and a majority-owned subsidiary of Delaware Management Holdings, Inc.(“DMHI”), which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Macquarie Group Limited. The principal business address of DMBT is 2005 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-7094. Delaware Investments is the marketing name for Delaware Management Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

 

Name and Position with

Delaware Investments

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Shawn Lytle

President

   DMBT    Various executive capacities

Philip N. Russo

Executive Vice President/Chief

Administrative Officer

   DMHI    Various executive capacities

Brian L. Murray, Jr.

Senior Vice President/Chief

Compliance Officer

   DMBT    Various capacities

David Connor

Senior Vice President/Secretary/

General Counsel

   DMBT    Various executive capacities
   Optimum Fund Trust   

Executive Vice President/Strategic

Investment Relationships and Initiatives /General Counsel/Chief Legal Officer

Richard Salus

Senior Vice

President/Controller/Treasurer

   DMBT    Various capacities
   Optimum Fund Trust    Senior Vice President/Controller/Treasurer

Denver Investment Advisors LLC (“Denver Investments”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Small Cap Fund. The principal business address of Denver Investments is 1225 17th Street, 26th Floor, Denver, CO 80202. Denver Investments is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

Denver Investments

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

John W. Zimmerman

President

  

Westcore Funds

1290 Broadway, Ste. 1100

Denver, CO 80203

   President

Jasper Frontz,

Partner and Chief Compliance

Officer

  

Westcore Funds

1290 Broadway, Ste. 1100

Denver, CO 80203

  

Treasurer

Chief Compliance Officer

 

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Earnest Partners LLC (“Earnest”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager International Equity Fund. The principal business address of Earnest is 1180 Peachtree Street NE, Suite 2300, Atlanta, GA 30309. Earnest is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

Earnest

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Paul E. Viera

Chief Executive Officer and

Manager

  

Westchester Limited, LLC

1180 Peachtree Street NE

Suite 2300

Atlanta, GA 30309

   Manager
  

GREYBULL Partners LLC

1180 Peachtree Street NE

Suite 2350

Atlanta, GA 30309

   Manager

John G. Whitmore

Chief Operating Officer

  

GREYBULL Partners LLC

1180 Peachtree Street NE

Suite 2350

Atlanta, GA 30309

   Chief Operating Officer

James M. Wilson

Chief Compliance Officer and

Secretary

  

GREYBULL Partners LLC

1180 Peachtree Street NE

Suite 2350

Atlanta, GA 30309

   Chief Compliance Officer and Secretary

Carsten J. Fiege

General Counsel

  

GREYBULL Partners LLC

1180 Peachtree Street NE

Suite 2350

Atlanta, GA 30309

   General Counsel

 

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Geneva Capital Management LLC. (“Geneva”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Mid Cap Fund. The principal business address of Geneva is 100 East Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 2550, Milwaukee, WI 53202. Geneva is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

Geneva

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Kris Amborn

COO

     

Anne S. Kochevar

CCO

  

Henderson Global Investors

(North America) Inc.

737 N. Michigan Ave, Suite 1700

Chicago, IL 60611

   CCO

Amy S. Croen

Portfolio Manager,

Managing Director

     

Michelle J. Picard

Portfolio Manager,

Managing Director

     

William A. Priebe

Portfolio Manager,

Managing Director

     

W. Scott Priebe

Portfolio Manager,

Managing Director

     

Granite Investment Partners, LLC (“Granite”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Active M U.S. Equity Fund. The principal business address of Granite is 2121 Rosecrans Avenue, Suite 2360, El Segundo, CA 90245. Granite is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

Granite

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (“H&W”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Small Cap Fund. The principal place of business of H&W is 725 South Figueroa Street, 39th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90017. H&W is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

 

Name and Position with

Hotchkis & Wiley

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

George H. Davis, Jr.

Member of Executive Committee and Chief Executive Officer of H&W

  

HW Cap Holdings, LLC

725 South Figueroa Street

39th Floor

Los Angeles, CA 90017

   Member of Executive Committee
   Hotchkis & Wiley Funds    Chief Executive Officer Trustee of HW Funds

Sheldon Lieberman

Member of Executive Committee and Portfolio Manager of H&W

  

HW Cap Holdings, LLC

725 South Figueroa Street

39th Floor

Los Angeles, CA 90017

   Member of Executive Committee

 

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Name and Position with

Hotchkis & Wiley

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Nigel Hurst-Brown

Member of Executive Committee of H&W

  

Hotchkis & Wiley Ltd

26 Cresswell Place

London SW10 9RB

   Chief Executive

Douglas H. Martin

Member of Executive Committee of H&W

  

Stephens, Inc.

111 Center Street

Little Rock, AR 72201

   Executive Vice President

Anna Marie Lopez

Chief Operating Officer of H&W

  

HW Cap Holdings, LLC

725 South Figueroa Street

39th Floor

Los Angeles, CA 90017

   Chief Operating Officer,
   President of HW Funds    President of HW Funds

Jay Menvielle

Chief Operating Officer of H&W

  

HW Cap Holdings, LLC

725 South Figueroa Street

39th Floor

Los Angeles, CA 90017

   Chief Financial Officer
   Hotchkis & Wiley Funds    Treasurer of HW Funds

Tina Kodama

Chief Compliance Officer of H&W

  

HW Cap Holdings, LLC

725 South Figueroa Street

39th Floor

Los Angeles, CA 90017

   Chief Compliance Officer
   Hotchkis & Wiley Funds    Chief Compliance Officer of HW Funds

Huber Capital Management, LLC (“Huber”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Large Cap Fund. The principal business address of Huber is 2321 Rosecrans Avenue, Suite 3245, El Segundo, California 90245.

 

Name and Position with

Huber

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

None

     

Jennison Associates LLC (“Jennison”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Large Cap Fund. The principal business address of Jennison is 466 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10017. Jennison is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

Jennison

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Spiros Segalas

President, Chief Investment Officer & Director

     

Mehdi A. Mahmud

Chief Executive Officer, Chairman & Director

     

Kenneth Moore

Executive Vice President, Treasurer &

Chief Operating Officer

     

Leslie Rolison

Executive Vice President & Chief

Administrative Officer

     

 

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Name and Position with

Jennison

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Stephanie Willis

Senior Vice President & Chief Compliance Officer

     

Mirry M. Hwang

Senior Vice President and Secretary &

Chief Legal Officer

     

 

Name and Position with

Jennison

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Kathleen McCarragher

Managing Director, Head of Growth

Equity & Director

     

David Hunt

Director

   Prudential Investment Management, Inc.    Director, Chairman, President & CEO

Mary-Lynne Driscoll

Director

   Prudential Investment Management, Inc.    Vice President

Taimur Hyat

Director

   Prudential Investment Management, Inc.    Vice President

Jurgen Muhlhauser

Director

   Prudential Investment Management, Inc.    Director, Vice President, Controller

Lazard Asset Management LLC (“Lazard”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Global Listed Infrastructure Fund. The principal business address of Lazard is 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, New York 10112. Lazard is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

Lazard

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

None.      

The London Company of Virginia, LLC (“London Company”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Active M U.S. Equity Fund. The principal business address of London Company is 1800 Bayberry Court, Suite 301, Richmond, VA 23226.

 

Name and Position with

London Company

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

None      

Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P. (“Loomis Sayles”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager High Yield Opportunity Fund. The principal business address of Loomis Sayles is One Financial Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111. Loomis Sayles is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

Loomis Sayles

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Robert James Blanding

Chairman of the Board and Director

   Loomis Sayles Funds I   

CEO

Trustee

President

   Loomis Sayles Funds II    CEO Trustee
   Natixis Funds Trust I, II, and IV    Trustee

 

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Name and Position with

Loomis Sayles

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

   Gateway Trust    Trustee
   Loomis Sayles Distributors, Incorporated    Director
   Natixis Asset Management Japan Co., Ltd.    Director
   Loomis Sayles Investments Limited    Alternate Director
   Loomis Sayles Investment Asia Pte Ltd.    Director

Jaehoon Park

Executive Vice President, Chief

Investment Officer, and Director

   Loomis Sayles Investment Asia Pte Ltd.    Director
Daniel J. Fuss Executive Vice President, Vice Chairman of the Board, and Director    Loomis Sayles Funds I    Executive Vice President
   Loomis Sayles Funds II    Executive Vice President

Pierre Servant

Director

   Natixis Global Asset Management    Chief Executive Officer and Member of the Executive Board

John T. Hailer

Director

   Natixis Global Asset Management L.P.    President and CEO, US and Asia
   Natixis Funds Trust I, II, and IV    Trustee
   Natixis Cash Management Trust    Trustee
   Gateway Trust    Trustee
   Loomis Sayles Funds I and II    Trustee

Kevin P. Charleston

President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

   Loomis Sayles Trust Co, LLC    Manager and President
   Loomis Sayles Investment Asia Pte Ltd.    Director
John F. Gallagher III Executive Vice President and Director    Loomis Sayles Distributors, Inc.    President
   Loomis Sayles Distributors, L.P.    President
   Loomis Sayles Investment Asia Pte Ltd.    Director
Jean S. Loewenberg Executive Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary    Loomis Sayles Trust Co, LLC.    Manager and Secretary
   Loomis Sayles Distributors, Inc.    Director
   Loomis Sayles Investment Asia Pte Ltd.    Director

 

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Name and Position with

Loomis Sayles

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

John R. Gidman

Executive Vice President, Chief Information Officer, and Director

   Loomis Sayles Solutions, LLC    President

John F. Russell

Executive Vice President and Director

     

Paul Sherba

Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

     

LSV Asset Management (“LSV”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Mid Cap Fund. The principal business address of LSV is 155 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606. LSV is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

LSV

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Josef Lakonishok

Partner, CEO, CIO, Portfolio

Manager

     
Menno Vermeulen, CFA Partner, Portfolio Manager      

Kevin Phelan, CFA

Partner, COO

     

Josh O’Donnell

CCO, Chief Legal Officer

     

Neuberger Berman Fixed Income LLC (“NBFI”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager High Yield Opportunity Fund. The principal business address of NBFI is 190 South LaSalle Street, Suite 2400, Chicago, IL 60603. NBFI is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

NBFI

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

None      

NFJ Investment Group LLC (“NFJ”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager International Equity Fund. The principal business address of NFJ is 2100 Ross Avenue, Suite 700, Dallas, TX 75201. NFJ is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

NFJ

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Benno J. Fischer, CFA

Managing Director, Executive

Committee, Compensation

Committee

   Allianz Global Investors U.S. LLC    Member – Executive Committee

Paul A. Magnuson

Managing Director

   Allianz Global Investors U.S. LLC    None

Barbara Claussen

Managing Director, Chief

Administration Officer

   Allianz Global Investors U.S. LLC    Member – Executive Committee

Michael J. Puntoriero

Chief Financial Officer

   Allianz Global Investors Fund Management LLC    Chief Financial Officer

 

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Name and Position with

NFJ

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

   Allianz Global Investors Managed Accounts LLC, Allianz Asset Management of America Holdings, Inc., Allianz Global Investors Solutions LLC, Allianz Asset Management U.S. Holding II LLC, Allianz Global Investors Capital, LLC, Oppenheimer Group, LLC, Pacific Investment Management Company LLC, PIMCO Australia Pty Ltd., PIMCO Canada Holding LLC, PIMCO Canada Corp., PIMCO Europe Limited, PIMCO Global Advisors LLC, PIMCO Japan Ltd., StocksPLUS Management Inc.    Chief Financial Officer
  

Allianz Asset Management of America LLC,

Allianz Asset Management of America L.P.,

Allianz Global Investors U.S. LLC,

   Chief Financial Officer
   PIMCO Global Advisors (Resources) Limited    Director and Chief Financial Officer
   Allianz Global Investors Distributors LLC    Managing Director

Patti Alamanza

Director and Chief Compliance

Officer

     

David Owen

Chief Legal Officer

   Allianz Global Investors U.S. LLC    Director and Chief Legal Officer
   Allianz Global Investors Distributors LLC    Director and Chief Legal Officer
   Allianz Global Investors Fund Management LLC    Director and Chief Legal Officer

R. Burns McKinney, CFA

Managing Director

     

Thomas Oliver, CFA, CPA

Managing Director

     

Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. (“Oaktree”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Emerging Markets Equity Fund. The principal business address of Oaktree is 333 S. Grand Avenue, 28th Floor, Los Angeles, California 90071.

 

Name and Position with

Oaktree

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

None      

PanAgora Asset Management, Inc. (“PanAgora”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Emerging Markets Equity Fund. The principal business address of PanAgora is 470 Atlantic Avenue, 8th Floor, Boston, MA 02210. PanAgora is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

PanAngora

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

None      

Polen Capital Management, LLC (“Polen”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Active M U.S. Equity Fund. The principal business address of Polen is 1825 NW Corporate Blvd., Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33431.

 

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Name and Position with

Polen

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Pzena Investment Management, LLC, (“Pzena”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Emerging Markets Equity Fund. The principal business address of Pzena is 320 Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10022. Pzena is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

Pzena

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Richard S. Pzena

Founder,

Managing Principal and Co-Chief

Investment Officer

     

Riverbridge Partners, LLC (“Riverbridge”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Small Cap Fund. The principal business address of Riverbridge is 1200 IDS Center, 80 South Eighth Street, Minneapolis, MN 55402. Riverbridge is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

Riverbridge

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Mark A. Thompson

Chief Investment Officer

  

Wiland Direct, Inc.

6309 Monarch Park Place, Ste. 201 Longmont, CO 80503

   Member of the Board of Directors
  

LoCorr Investment Trust

261 School Avenue, 4th Floor

Excelsior, MN 55331

   Trustee

 

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Summit Creek Advisors, LLC (“Summit Creek”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Small Cap Fund. The principal business address of Summit Creek is 120 South 6th Street, Suite 2200, Minneapolis, MN 55402. Summit Creek is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

Summit Creek

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Joseph J. Docter

Co-Founder and Senior Portfolio

Manager

     

Adam N. Benson

Co-Founder and Senior Portfolio

Manager

     

Vaughan Nelson Investment Management, L.P. (“Vaughan Nelson”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Mid Cap Fund. The principal business address of Vaughan Nelson is 600 Travis, Suite 6300, Houston, Texas 77002. Vaughan Nelson is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

Vaughan Nelson

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

None      

WCM Investment Management (“WCM”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager International Equity Fund. The principal business address of WCM is 281 Brooks Street, Laguna Beach, California 92651. WCM is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

WCM

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

None      

WestEnd Advisors, LLC (“WestEnd”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Large Cap Fund. The principal business address of WestEnd is 4064 Colony Road, Suite 130, Charlotte, North Carolina 28211. WestEnd is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

During the last two fiscal years no director, officer or partner of WestEnd Advisors has engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.

Westwood Global Investments LLC (“Westwood”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Emerging Markets Equity Fund. The principal business address of Westwood is One Financial Center, Suite 1600, Boston, MA 02111. Westwood is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

Westwood

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

None      

William Blair Investment Management, LLC (“William Blair”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager International Equity Fund. The principal business address of William Blair is 222 West Adams Street, Chicago, IL 60606. William Blair is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act.

 

Name and Position with

William Blair

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Jon W. Zindel

CFO, Executive Committee

Member

     

Edgar D. Coolidge, III

Vice Chairman

  

Duluth Trading Advisory Board

Shields Meneley Partners

  

Director

Director

John R. Ettelson

President, CEO, Executive

Committee Member

     

 

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Name and Position with

William Blair

  

Name of Other Company

  

Position with Other Company

Brent Gledhill

Executive Committee Member

     

Richard P. Kiphart

Executive Committee Member

   Lime Energy    Director
   Ranir Corp.    Director
   Hello Music    Director
   Sangamore-Adams Laboratories, LLC    Director
   Wilshire Media Group    Director
   TrustWave Holdings, Inc.    Director
   Emmi Solutions LLC    Director
   Afrimax Group    Director

John C. Moore

Executive Committee Member

     

Michelle R. Seitz

Executive Committee Member

     

Jeffrey A. Urbina

Executive Committee Member

     

Richard W. Smirl

Investment Adviser COO

     

Walter R. Randall, Jr.

Investment Adviser CCO

     

Kenneth L. Wagner

Broker-Dealer CCO

     

Arthur J. Simon

Executive Committee Member,

General Counsel

     

Thomas W. Pace

Director of Operations

     
WBC Holdings, L.P.      
Holding Company      

 

ITEM 32. PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITERS

 

  (a) Northern Funds Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”) serves as principal underwriter for the following companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, amended, as of March 7, 2016:

 

  1. Northern Funds

 

  2. Northern Institutional Funds

 

  (b) The following are the Officers and Managers of the Distributor, the Registrant’s underwriter, none of whom serves as an officer of the Registrant. The Distributor’s main business address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.

 

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Name

  

Address

  

Position(s) with Distributor

Mark A. Fairbanks   

Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100

Portland, ME 04101

   Vice President
Richard J. Berthy   

Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100

Portland, ME 04101

   President, Treasurer and Manager
Jennifer E. Hoopes   

Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100

Portland, ME 04101

   Secretary
Nanette K. Chern   

Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100

Portland, ME 04101

   Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer
Jennifer K. DiValerio   

899 Cassatt Road

400 Berwyn Park

Berwyn, PA 19312

   Vice President

 

  (c) Not applicable.

 

ITEM 33. LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS

The Agreement and Declaration of Trust, By-Laws and minute books of the Registrant and all other accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained under Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the Rules promulgated thereunder are in the physical possession of The Northern Trust Company and NTI, each located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603. Records for Northern Funds Distributors, LLC, the distributor, are located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.

 

ITEM 34. MANAGEMENT SERVICES

Not Applicable.

 

ITEM 35. UNDERTAKINGS

Not Applicable.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Chicago and State of Illinois on the 10th day of March, 2016.

 

NORTHERN FUNDS
By:  

/s/ Lloyd A. Wennlund

  Lloyd A. Wennlund
  President

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act this Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 to Registrant’s Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.

 

Name

  

Title

 

Date

/s/ Lloyd A. Wennlund

Lloyd A. Wennlund

  

President (Principal Executive Officer)

  March 10, 2016

/s/ Randal Rein

Randal Rein

  

Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

  March 10, 2016

/s/ William L. Bax

William L. Bax

  

Trustee

  March 10, 2016

/s/ Mark G. Doll

Mark G. Doll

  

Trustee

  March 10, 2016

/s/ Eric A. Feldstein

Eric A. Feldstein

  

Trustee

  March 10, 2016

/s/ Sandra Polk Guthman

Sandra Polk Guthman

  

Trustee

  March 10, 2016

/s/ Thomas A. Kloet

Thomas A. Kloet

  

Trustee

  March 10, 2016

/s/ Cynthia R. Plouché

Cynthia R. Plouché

  

Trustee

  March 10, 2016

/s/ Stephen N. Potter

Stephen N. Potter

  

Trustee

  March 10, 2016

/s/ Mary Jacobs Skinner

Mary Jacobs Skinner

  

Trustee

  March 10, 2016

/s/ Casey J. Sylla

Casey J. Sylla

  

Trustee

  March 10, 2016

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit No.

 

Description

(a)(38)   Amendment No. 37 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust.
(a)(39)   Amendment No. 38 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust.
(b)(9)   Amendment No. 8 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted August 19, 2015.
(b)(10)   Amendment No. 9 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted August 20, 2015.
(d)(3)   Form of Amended and Restated Exhibit A to the Management Agreement between Northern Funds (on behalf of the Multi-Manager Funds) and Northern Trust Investments, Inc.
(d)(4)   Form of Amended and Restated Exhibit A to the Amended and Restated Expense Reimbursement Agreement between the Registrant and Northern Trust Investments, Inc.
(d)(107)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Vaughan Nelson Investment Management, L.P. dated August 21, 2015.
(d)(108)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and WCM Investment Management dated August 21, 2015.
(d)(109)   Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Delaware Investments Fund Advisors.
(d)(110)   Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Granite Investment Partners, LLC.
(d)(111)   Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and The London Company of Virginia, LLC.
(d)(112)   Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Polen Capital Management, LLC.
(e)(3)   Form of Amended and Restated A Schedule A to the Distribution Agreement between Registrant and Northern Funds Distributors, LLC.
(g)(2)   Form of Amended and Restated Schedule A to the Custody Agreement between Northern Funds and The Northern Trust Company dated June 30, 2014.
(g)(3)   Form of Amended and Restated Schedule B to the Custody Agreement between Northern Funds and The Northern Trust Company dated June 30, 2014.
(g)(4)   Form of Amended and Restated Schedule C to the Custody Agreement between Northern Funds and The Northern Trust Company dated June 30, 2014.
(h)(2)   Form of Amended and Restated Schedule A to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Northern Fund and The Northern Trust Company dated June 30, 2014.
(h)(3)   Form of Amended and Restated Schedule B to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Northern Funds and The Northern Trust Company dated June 30, 2014.
(i)   Opinion and Consent of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP.
(l)(40)   Form of Purchase Agreement for shares of the Active M U.S. Equity Fund.

 

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Exhibit No.

 

Description

(p)(31)   Code of Ethics of Vaughan Nelson Investment Management, L.P., amended as of December 31, 2014.
(p)(32)   Code of Ethics of WCM Investment Management, as amended December 31, 2014.
(p)(33)   Code of Ethics of Granite Investment Partners, LLC dated December 31, 2015.
(p)(34)   Code of Ethics of The London Company of Virginia, LLC.
(p)(35)   Code of Ethics of Polen Capital Management, LLC.

 

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