Intangbile assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 28, 2024

The gross carrying amount of intangible assets not subject to amortization and intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows (in thousands):


	December 28, 2024		December 30, 2023
Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets
Trade names	$	51,050	$	52,507
	51,050		52,507
Finite Lived Intangible Assets:
Collection routes	714,801		746,868
Customer relationships	278,920		359,111
Permits	316,038		559,483
Non-compete agreements	60		395
Trade names	82,401		85,561
Royalty, product development, patents, consulting, land use rights and leasehold	22,277		20,613
	1,414,497		1,772,031
Accumulated Amortization:
Collection routes	(254,164)		(241,960)
Customer relationships	(44,476)		(29,270)
Permits	(189,500)		(407,713)
Non-compete agreements	(33)		(345)
Trade names	(72,549)		(63,660)
Royalties, product development, patents, consulting, land use rights and leasehold	(6,413)		(5,698)
	(567,135)		(748,646)
Total Intangible assets, less accumulated amortization	$	898,412	$	1,075,892

Gross intangible collection routes, customer relationships, permits, trade names, non-compete agreements and other intangibles changed primarily due to acquisitions and retirements of approximately $28.2 million and $249.1 million, respectively, and the remaining change is due to foreign currency exchange impact. Amortization expense for the three years ended December 28, 2024, December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, was approximately $112.2 million, $124.8 million and $88.7 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the next five fiscal years is estimated to be $99.8 million, $93.9 million, $88.7 million, $87.4 million and $76.4 million.