Intangbile assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 30, 2023

The gross carrying amount of intangible assets not subject to amortization and intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows (in thousands):


	December 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets
Trade names	$	52,507	$	51,639
	52,507		51,639
Finite Lived Intangible Assets:
Collection routes	746,868		776,909
Customer relationships	359,111		4,377
Permits	559,483		557,083
Non-compete agreements	395		695
Trade names	85,561		76,549
Royalty, product development, patents, consulting, land use rights and leasehold	20,613		20,971
	1,772,031		1,436,584
Accumulated Amortization:
Collection routes	(241,960)		(192,170)
Customer relationships	(29,270)		(3,938)
Permits	(407,713)		(368,005)
Non-compete agreements	(345)		(563)
Trade names	(63,660)		(53,486)
Royalties, product development, patents, consulting, land use rights and leasehold	(5,698)		(4,939)
	(748,646)		(623,101)
Total Intangible assets, less accumulated amortization	$	1,075,892	$	865,122

Gross intangible collection routes, customer relationships, permits, trade names, non-compete agreements and other intangibles changed primarily due to acquisitions and additions of approximately $308.8 million and the remaining change is due to foreign exchange impact, impairments and retirements. Amortization expense for the three years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and January 1, 2022, was approximately $124.8 million, $88.7 million and $67.4 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the next five fiscal years is estimated to be $124.1 million, $116.4 million, $106.6 million, $103.7 million and $100.5 million.