<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0206</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>3</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2015-08-01</periodOfReport>

    <noSecuritiesOwned>0</noSecuritiesOwned>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000916457</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>CALPINE CORP</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>CPN</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001644377</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Koshkin Jeff</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>C/O CALPINE CORPORATION</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>717 TEXAS AVENUE, SUITE 1000</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>HOUSTON</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>TX</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>77002</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle>SVP, CHIEF ACCOUNTING OFFICER</officerTitle>
            <otherText></otherText>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>26168</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <derivativeTable>
        <derivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Employee Stock Option (right to buy)</value>
                <footnoteId id="F2"/>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>8.36</value>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <exerciseDate>
                <value>2011-12-02</value>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2018-12-02</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>4779</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeHolding>
        <derivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Employee Stock Option (right to buy)</value>
                <footnoteId id="F2"/>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>11.24</value>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <exerciseDate>
                <value>2013-02-24</value>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2020-02-24</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>16455</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeHolding>
        <derivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Employee Stock Option (right to buy)</value>
                <footnoteId id="F2"/>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>14.30</value>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <exerciseDate>
                <value>2014-02-14</value>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2021-02-14</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>13968</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeHolding>
        <derivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Employee Stock Option (right to buy)</value>
                <footnoteId id="F2"/>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>15.31</value>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <exerciseDate>
                <value>2015-02-28</value>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2022-02-28</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>14482</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeHolding>
    </derivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">Includes 11,313 shares of restricted stock awarded purusuant to Calpine Corporation's (the &quot;Issuer&quot;) Amended and Restated 2008 Equity Plan (the &quot;Equity Plan&quot;) of which 1,975 shares vest on February 28, 2016, 3,926 shares vest in two equal installments on February 26, 2016 and 2017, and 5,412 shares vest in three equal installments on February 28, 2016, 2017, and 2018.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">Granted pursuant to the Issuer's Equity Plan.  The option became vested and exercisable on the third anniversary date of the grant date.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <remarks>Exhibit 24.1 Power of Attorney</remarks>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ W. Thaddeus Miller by Power of Attorney</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2015-08-10</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
