10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number 1-12744

MARTIN MARIETTA MATERIALS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

North Carolina	56-1848578
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2710 Wycliff Road, Raleigh, North Carolina	27607-3033
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(919) 781-4550

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock (par value $.01 per share) (including rights attached thereto)	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

As of June 30, 2015, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $7,537,227,743 based on the closing sale price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock on the latest practicable date.

Class	Outstanding at February 12, 2016
Common Stock, $.01 par value per share	64,331,436 shares

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Document	Parts Into Which Incorporated
Excerpts from Annual Report to Shareholders for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2015 (Annual Report)	Parts I, II, and IV
Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held May 19, 2016 (Proxy Statement)	Part III

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I			4
ITEM 1.	BUSINESS		4
ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS		22
ITEM 1B.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS		37
ITEM 2.	PROPERTIES		37
ITEM 3.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS		42
ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES		42
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT			43
PART II			43
ITEM 5.	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES		43
ITEM 6.	SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA		44
ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS		44
ITEM 7A.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK		45
ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA		45
ITEM 9.	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE		45
ITEM 9A.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES		45
PART III			46
ITEM 10.	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE		47
ITEM 11.	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION		48
ITEM 12.	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS		48

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ITEM 13.	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE	48
ITEM 14.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES	48
PART IV		48
ITEM 15.	EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES	48
SIGNATURES		55

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PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

General

Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. (the “Company”) is a leading supplier of aggregates products (crushed stone, sand, and gravel) for the construction industry, used for the construction of infrastructure, nonresidential, and residential projects. In addition, aggregates products are used for railroad ballast and in agricultural, utility and environmental applications. The Company’s Aggregates business consists primarily of mining, processing, and selling granite, limestone, sand and gravel. The Aggregates business also includes its aggregates-related downstream product lines (including its heavy building materials such as asphalt products, ready mixed concrete, and road paving construction services). The Company’s Cement business produces Portland and specialty cements. The Company also has a Magnesia Specialties business that manufactures and markets magnesia-based chemical products used in industrial, agricultural, and environmental applications, and dolomitic lime sold primarily to customers in the steel industry. In 2015, the Company’s Aggregates business accounted for 82% of the Company’s consolidated net sales, the Company’s Cement business accounted for 11% of the Company’s consolidated net sales, and the Company’s Magnesia Specialties business accounted for 7% of the Company’s consolidated net sales. Within the Company’s Aggregates business, the aggregates product line accounted for 67% of 2015 net sales, while the aggregates-related downstream operations accounted for 33% of 2015 net sales.

The Company was formed in 1993 as a North Carolina corporation to serve as successor to the operations of the materials group of the organization that is now Lockheed Martin Corporation. An initial public offering of a portion of the Company’s Common Stock was completed in 1994, followed by a tax-free exchange transaction in 1996 that resulted in 100% of the Company’s Common Stock being publicly traded.

The Company completed over 80 smaller acquisitions from the time of its initial public offering until the present, which allowed the Company to enhance and expand its presence in the aggregates marketplace. The Company uses its ability to distribute materials over long distances by rail and water to further expand its operations.

The business has developed further through the following transactions over the past five years. In 2011, the Company acquired three aggregates-related businesses. First, it acquired the assets of an aggregates, asphalt, and ready mixed concrete business located in western San Antonio, Texas. Second, it exchanged certain assets with Lafarge North America Inc. (“Lafarge”), pursuant to which it received aggregate quarry sites, ready mixed concrete and asphalt plants, and a road paving business in and around the metropolitan Denver, Colorado, region, in exchange for which Lafarge received properties consisting of quarries, an asphalt plant, and distribution yards operated by the Company along the Mississippi River (referred to herein as the Company’s “River District Operations”) and a cash payment. Finally, the Company acquired a privately-held ready mixed concrete business in the Denver, Colorado area.

In 2013, the Company acquired three aggregates quarries in the greater Atlanta, Georgia area. The transaction provided over 800 million tons of permitted aggregate reserves and enhanced the Company’s existing long-term position in this market.

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In 2014, the Company completed the acquisition of Texas Industries, Inc. (“TXI”), further augmenting its position as a leading supplier of aggregates and heavy building materials. TXI, as a stand-alone entity, was a leading supplier of heavy construction materials in the southwestern United States and a major supplier of natural aggregates and ready-mixed concrete in Texas, northern Louisiana and, to a lesser extent, in Oklahoma and Arkansas. TXI was the largest supplier of construction aggregates, ready mixed concrete, concrete products, and cement in Texas. Now as a wholly-owned subsidiary, TXI enhances the Company’s position as an aggregates-led, low-cost operator in the large and fast-growing geographies in the United States and provides high-quality assets in cement and ready mixed concrete.

In addition to the Cement business, the Company acquired as part of the TXI acquisition nine quarries and six aggregates distribution terminals located in Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma. The Company also acquired approximately 120 ready mixed concrete plants, situated primarily in three areas of Texas (the Dallas/Fort Worth/Denton area of north Texas; the Austin area of central Texas; and from Beaumont to Texarkana in east Texas), in north and central Louisiana, and in Southwestern Arkansas. The aggregates and ready mixed concrete operations are reported in the Company’s West Group of its Aggregates business. As part of an agreement with the United States Department of Justice’s review of the transaction, the Company divested of its North Troy Quarry in Oklahoma and two related rail distribution yards in Dallas and Frisco, Texas.

TXI was also a major cement producer in California. In 2015, the Company divested its California cement business acquired from TXI. These operations were not in close proximity to other core assets of the Company and, unlike other marketplace competitors, were not vertically integrated with ready mixed concrete production. The divestiture primarily included a cement plant, two distribution terminals, mobile equipment, intangible assets, and inventory. The Company also completed the integration of the TXI operations in 2015, and completed three smaller acquisitions, which included three aggregate operations and related assets.

Between 2001 and 2015, the Company disposed of or idled a number of underperforming operations, including aggregates, asphalt, ready mixed concrete, trucking, and road paving operations of its Aggregates business and the refractories business of its Magnesia Specialties business. In some of its divestitures, the Company concurrently entered into supply agreements to provide aggregates at market rates to certain of these divested businesses. During 2015, the Company disposed of certain non-core asphalt operations in San Antonio, Texas. The Company will continue to evaluate opportunities to divest underperforming assets during 2016 in an effort to redeploy capital for other opportunities.

Business Segment Information

The Company conducts its Aggregates business through three reportable segments: the Mid-America Group, Southeast Group, and West Group. The Company’s Cement business is reported through the Cement segment. The Company also has the Magnesia Specialties segment, which includes its magnesia-based chemicals and dolomitic lime businesses. Information concerning the Company’s total revenues, net sales, gross profit, earnings from operations, assets employed, and certain additional information attributable to each reportable business segment for each year in the three-year period ended December 31, 2015 is included in “Note O: Business Segments” of the “Notes to Financial Statements” of the Company’s 2015 consolidated financial statements (the “2015 Financial Statements”), which are included under Item 8 of this Form 10-K, and are part of the Company’s 2015 Annual Report to Shareholders (the “2015 Annual Report”), which information is incorporated herein by reference.

Aggregates Business

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The Aggregates business mines, processes and sells granite, limestone, sand, gravel, and other aggregate products for use in all sectors of the public infrastructure, nonresidential and residential construction industries, as well as agriculture, railroad ballast, chemical, and other uses. The Aggregates business also includes the operation of other construction materials businesses. These businesses, located in the West Group, were acquired through continued selective vertical integration by the Company, and include asphalt, ready mixed concrete, and road paving operations in Arkansas, Colorado, Louisiana, Texas, and Wyoming.

The Company is a leading supplier of aggregates for the construction industry in the United States. In 2015, the Company’s Aggregates business shipped and delivered aggregates, asphalt products, and ready mixed concrete from a network of over 400 quarries, underground mines, distribution facilities, and plants to customers in 36 states, Canada, and the Bahamas, generating net sales and earnings from operations of $2.7 billion and $429.0 million, respectively.

The Aggregates and Cement businesses market their products primarily to the construction industry, with approximately 42% of the aggregates product line shipments made to contractors in connection with highway and other public infrastructure projects and the balance of its shipments made primarily to contractors in connection with nonresidential and residential construction projects. The Company believes public-works projects have historically accounted for approximately 50% of the total annual aggregates and cement consumption in the United States. These businesses benefit from public-works construction projects. As a result of dependence upon the construction industry, the profitability of aggregates and cement producers is sensitive to national, regional, and local economic conditions, and particularly to cyclical swings in construction spending, which is affected by fluctuations in interest rates, demographic and population shifts, and changes in the level of infrastructure spending funded by the public sector.

The Company’s aggregates product line shipments have increased each of the past four years, reflecting a certain degree of volume stability and modest growth, albeit at and from historically low levels. Prior to 2011, the economic recession resulted in United States aggregates consumption declining by almost 40% from peak volumes in 2006. Aggregates shipments had also suffered as states continued to balance their construction spending with the uncertainty related to long-term federal highway funding and budget shortfalls caused by decreasing tax revenues. During 2015, the Company’s heritage aggregates shipments increased 2.1% compared with 2014 levels, despite the impact of historic levels of rainfall in many of the Company’s markets. Most state budgets began to improve starting in 2013 as increased tax revenues helped states resolve or begin to resolve budget deficits.

The federal highway bill provides annual funding for public-sector highway construction projects. After a decade of 36 short-term funding provisions since Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21^st Century (“MAP-21”) expired, a five-year, $305 billion highway bill, Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (the “FAST Act”), was signed into law on December 4, 2015. FAST Act funding will primarily be secured through gas tax collections. In an investigation performed by S-C Market Analytics, aggregate demand is projected to increase with the availability of federal funding and is expected to peak in 2018. However, we believe that in subsequent years, the projected demand for aggregates will decline with anticipated higher interest and inflation rates. Additionally, many states have recently shown a commitment to securing alternative funding sources, including initiating special-purpose taxes and raising gas taxes. According to American Road and Transportation Builders Association (“ARTBA”), fifteen states have raised gas taxes and 30 legislative measures (which represented 68% of ballot initiatives) for transportation funding were approved by voters in 2015. Supported by state-spending programs, the Company’s heritage aggregates volumes to the infrastructure market in the eastern United States increased in the mid-single digits in 2015 compared with 2014. Overall, the infrastructure market accounted for approximately 42% of the Company’s 2015 aggregates product line shipments.

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The FAST Act will reauthorize federal highway and public transportation programs and stabilize the Highway Trust Fund. $207.4 billion of the funding will be apportioned to the states by formula, with a 5.1% increase over actual fiscal year 2015 apportionments in 2016 and then inflationary increases in subsequent years. Meaningful impact from the FAST Act is not expected before the second half of 2016.

The FAST Act retains the programs supported under the predecessor bill, MAP-21, but with some changes. Specifically, TIFIA, a U.S. Department of Transportation alternative funding mechanism, which under MAP-21 provided three types of federal credit assistance for nationally or regionally significant surface transportation projects, will now allow more diversification of projects. TIFIA is designed to fill market gaps and leverage substantial private co-investment by providing projects with supplemental or subordinate debt that is not subject to national debt ceiling challenges or sequestration. Since 2012, TIFIA has provided credit assistance to over 30 projects representing over $49 billion in infrastructure investment. Under the FAST Act, TIFIA annual funding will range from $275 million to $300 million, and will no longer require the 20% matching funds from state departments of transportation. Consequently, states can advance construction projects immediately with potentially zero upfront outlay of local state department of transportation dollars. TIFIA requires projects to have a revenue source to pay back the credit assistance within a 30 to 40 year period. Moreover, TIFIA funds may represent up to 49% of total eligible project costs for a TIFIA-secured loan and 33% for a TIFIA standby line of credit. Therefore, the TIFIA program has the ability to significantly leverage construction dollars. Each dollar of federal funds can provide up to $10 in TIFIA credit assistance and support up to $30 in transportation infrastructure investment. Private investment in transportation projects funded through the TIFIA program is particularly attractive, in part due to the subordination of public investment to private. Management believes TIFIA could provide a substantial boost for state department of transportation construction programs well above what is currently budgeted. As of January 2016, TIFIA funded projects for the Company’s key states (Texas, Colorado, North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida) exceeded $12 billion.

The federal highway bill provides spending authorizations, which represent the maximum financial obligation that will result from the immediate or future outlays of federal funds for highway and transit programs. The federal government’s surface transportation programs are financed mostly through the receipts of highway user taxes placed in the Highway Trust Fund, which is divided into the Highway Account and the Mass Transit Account. Revenues credited to the Highway Trust Fund are primarily derived from a federal gas tax, a federal tax on certain other motor fuels and interest on the accounts’ accumulated balances. MAP-21 extended federal motor fuel taxes through September 30, 2016 and truck excise taxes through September 30, 2017. Of the currently imposed federal gas tax of $0.184 per gallon, which has been static since 1993, $0.15 is allocated to the Highway Account of the Highway Trust Fund.

Transportation investments generally boost the national economy by enhancing mobility and access and by creating jobs, which is a priority of many of the government’s economic plans. According to the Federal Highway Administration, every $1 billion in federal highway investment creates approximately 28,000 jobs. The number of jobs created is dependent on the nature and aggregates intensity of the projects. Approximately half of the Aggregates business’ net sales to the infrastructure market come from federal funding authorizations, including matching funds from the states. For each dollar spent on road, highway and bridge improvements, the Federal Highway Administration estimates an average benefit of $5.20 is recognized in the form of reduced vehicle maintenance costs, reduced delays, reduced fuel consumption, improved safety, reduced road and bridge maintenance costs and reduced emissions as a result of improved traffic flow.

The Company’s Aggregates business covers a wide geographic area. The Company’s five largest revenue-generating states (Texas, Colorado, North Carolina, Iowa, and Georgia) accounted for 70% of total 2015 net sales for the Aggregates business by state of destination. The Company’s Aggregates business is

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accordingly affected by the economies in these regions and has been adversely affected in part by recessions and weaknesses in these economies from time to time. Recent improvements in the national economy and in some of the states in which the Company operates have led to improvements in profitability in the Company’s Aggregates business.

The Company’s Aggregates business is also highly seasonal, due primarily to the effect of weather conditions on construction activity within its markets. The operations of the Aggregates business that are concentrated in the northern and midwestern United States and Canada typically experience more severe winter weather conditions than operations in the southeastern and southwestern regions of the United States. Excessive rainfall, flooding, or severe drought can also jeopardize shipments, production, and profitability in all of the Company’s markets. Subject to these factors, the Company’s second and third quarters are typically the strongest, with the first quarter generally reflecting the weakest results. Results in any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the Company’s annual results. Similarly, the operations of the Aggregates business in the coastal areas are at risk for hurricane activity, most notably in August, September, and October, and have experienced weather-related losses from time to time. Weather-related hindrances were exacerbated in 2015 by record precipitation in many of the Company’s key markets. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (“NOAA”) has tracked precipitation for 121 years. According to NOAA, 2015 represented the wettest year on record for Texas and Oklahoma, while North Carolina, South Carolina, Colorado and Iowa each experienced a top-ten precipitation year, and the nation as a whole had its third wettest year in NOAA recorded history. These weather events reduced the Company’s overall profitability in 2015, creating a backlog of construction activity expected to be completed in 2016. The completion of construction activity backlog in 2016 will depend on the capacity of the affected areas to provide enough resources, such as construction crews and equipment, among others.

Natural aggregates sources can be found in relatively homogeneous deposits in certain areas of the United States. As a general rule, truck shipments from an individual quarry are limited because the cost of transporting processed aggregates to customers is high in relation to the price of the product itself. As described below, the Company’s distribution system mainly uses trucks, but also has access to a river barge and ocean vessel network where the per mile unit cost of transporting aggregates is much lower. In addition, acquisitions have enabled the Company to extend its customer base through increased access to rail transportation. Proximity of quarry facilities to customers or to long-haul transportation corridors is an important factor in competition for aggregates businesses.

A significant percentage of the Company’s aggregates shipments continue to be moved by rail or water through a distribution yard network. In 1994, 93% of the Company’s aggregates shipments were moved by truck, the rest by rail. In contrast, in 2015, the originating mode of transportation for the Company’s aggregates shipments was 75% by truck, 21% by rail, and 4% by water. Although the Company divested its River District Operations in 2011 as part of the asset exchange with Lafarge, the development of deep-water and rail distribution yards continues to be a key component of the Company’s strategic growth plan. While the River District Operations were being serviced as part of the Company’s barge long-haul distribution network, those divested operations were not in high-growth states. The majority of rail and water movements occur in the Southeast Group and the West Group, that have certain areas which generally lack a long-term indigenous supply of coarse aggregates but exhibit above-average growth characteristics driven by long-term population growth and density. The Company has an extensive network of aggregate quarries and distribution centers throughout the southern United States and in the Bahamas and Canada, as well as distribution centers along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts. In 2015, 24.3 million tons of aggregates were sold from distribution yards. Results from these distribution operations lowered the gross margin (excluding freight and delivery revenues) of the Aggregates business by 240 basis points in 2015. The gross margin (excluding freight and delivery

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revenues) of the Aggregates business will continue to be reduced by the lower gross margins of the long-haul distribution network.

During the recent economic recession, the Company set a priority of preserving capital while maintaining safe, environmentally-sound operations. As the Company returns to a more normalized operating environment, management expects to focus part of its capital spending program on expanding key Southeast and Southwest operations.

The Company’s Medina Rock and Rail capital project, with a total cost of $160 million, is the largest capital expansion project in its history. The project, located near San Antonio, Texas, consists of a rail-connected limestone aggregates processing facility which is expected to ship approximately six million tons in 2016 and have the future capability of producing in excess of 10 million tons per year. Land acquisitions were completed over several years as part of ongoing capital expenditures, and construction began in 2013. The project began operations in January 2016.

The Company also acquires contiguous property around existing quarry locations. This property can serve as buffer property or additional mineral reserve capacity, assuming the underlying geology supports economical aggregates mining. In either instance, the acquisition of additional property around an existing quarry allows the expansion of the quarry footprint and extension of quarry life. Some locations having limited reserves may be unable to expand.

A long-term capital focus for the Company, primarily in the midwestern United States due to the nature of its indigenous aggregates supply, is underground limestone aggregate mines, which provide a neighbor-friendly alternative to surface quarries. The Company operates 14 active underground mines, located primarily in the Mid-America Group, and is the largest operator of underground limestone aggregate mines in the United States. Production costs are generally higher at underground mines than surface quarries since the depth of the aggregate deposits and the access to the reserves result in higher development, explosives and depreciation costs. However, these locations often possess transportation advantages that can lead to higher average selling prices than more distant surface quarries.

The Company’s acquisitions and capital projects have expanded its ability to ship material by rail, as discussed in more detail below. The Company has added additional capacity in a number of locations that can now accommodate larger unit train movements. These expansion projects have enhanced the Company’s long-haul distribution network. The Company’s process improvement efforts have also improved operational effectiveness through plant automation, mobile fleet modernization, right-sizing, and other cost control improvements. Accordingly, the Company has enhanced its reach through its ability to provide cost-effective coverage of coastal markets on the east and gulf coasts, as well as geographic areas that can be accessed economically by the Company’s expanded distribution system. This distribution network moves aggregates materials from domestic and offshore sources, via rail and water, to markets where aggregates supply is limited.

As the Company continues to move more aggregates by rail and water, internal freight costs are expected to reduce gross margins (excluding freight and delivery revenues). This typically occurs where the Company transports aggregates from a production location to a distribution location by rail or water, and the customer pays a selling price that includes a freight component. Margins are negatively affected because the Company typically does not charge the customer a profit associated with the transportation component of the selling price of the materials. Moreover, the Company’s expansion of its rail-based distribution network, coupled with the extensive use of rail service in the Southeast and West Groups, increases the Company’s dependence on and exposure to railroad performance, including track congestion, crew availability, and power availability, and the ability to renegotiate favorable railroad shipping contracts. The waterborne distribution

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network, primarily located within the Southeast Group, also increases the Company’s exposure to certain risks, including the ability to negotiate favorable shipping contracts, demurrage costs, fuel costs, ship availability, and weather disruptions. The Company has entered into long-term agreements with shipping companies to provide ships to transport the Company’s aggregates to various coastal ports.

The Company’s long-term shipping contracts are generally take-or-pay contracts with minimum and maximum shipping requirements. If the Company fails to ship the annual minimum tonnages under the agreement, it must still pay the shipping company the contractually-stated minimum amount for that year. In 2015, the Company did not incur any such charges; however, a charge is possible in 2016 if shipment volumes do not meet the contractually-stated minimums.

From time to time, the Company has experienced rail transportation shortages, particularly in the Southwest and Southeast. These shortages were caused by the downsizing in personnel and equipment by certain railroads during economic downturns. Further, in response to these issues, rail transportation providers focused on increasing the number of cars per unit train under transportation contracts and are generally requiring customers, through the freight rate structure, to accommodate larger unit train movements. A unit train is a freight train moving large tonnages of a single bulk product between two points without intermediate yarding and switching. Certain of the Company’s sales yards have the system capabilities to meet the unit train requirements. Over the last few years, the Company has made capital improvements to a number of its sales yards in order to better accommodate unit train unloadings. Rail availability is seasonal and can impact aggregates shipments depending on competing movements.

From time to time, we have also experienced rail and trucking shortages due to competition from other products. For example, in Texas, competition with operations in the oil and gas fields for third-party trucking services constrains the availability of these services to us. If there are material changes in the availability or cost of rail or trucking services, we may not be able to arrange alternative and timely means to ship our products at a reasonable cost, which could lead to interruptions or slowdowns in our businesses or increases in our costs.

The Company’s management expects the multiple transportation modes that have been developed with various rail carriers and via deep-water ships should provide the Company with the flexibility to effectively serve customers in the southeastern and southwestern regions of the United States.

The construction aggregates industry has been consolidating, and the Company has actively participated in the consolidation of the industry. When acquired, new locations sometimes do not satisfy the Company’s internal safety, maintenance, and pit development standards, and may require additional resources before benefits of the acquisitions are fully realized. Industry consolidation slowed several years ago as the number of suitable small to mid-sized acquisition targets in high-growth markets declined. During that period of fewer acquisition opportunities, the Company focused on investing in internal expansion projects in high-growth markets. The number of acquisition opportunities has increased in the last few years as the economy has begun to recover from the protracted recession. Opportunities include public and larger private, family-owned businesses, as well as asset swaps and divestitures from companies rationalizing non-core assets and repairing financially-constrained balanced sheets. The Company’s Board of Directors and management continue to review and monitor the Company’s strategic long-term plans, which include assessing business combinations and arrangements with other companies engaged in similar businesses, increasing market share in the Company’s core businesses, investing in internal expansion projects in high-growth markets, and pursuing new opportunities related to the Company’s existing markets.

The Company became more vertically integrated with an acquisition in 1998 and subsequent acquisitions, including the 2014 TXI acquisition, particularly in the West Group, pursuant to which the

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Company acquired asphalt, ready mixed concrete, paving construction, trucking, and other businesses, which complement the Company’s aggregates operations. These aggregates-related downstream operations accounted for 33% of net sales of the Aggregates business in 2015. These aggregates-related downstream operations reported within the Aggregates business segment have lower gross margins (excluding freight and delivery revenues) than the Company’s aggregates product line due to highly competitive market dynamics and lower barriers to entry, and are affected by volatile factors, including fuel costs, operating efficiencies, and weather, to an even greater extent than the Company’s aggregates operations. Liquid asphalt and cement serve as key raw materials in the production of hot mix asphalt and ready mixed concrete, respectively. Therefore, fluctuations in prices for these raw materials directly affect the Company’s operating results. During 2015, prices for liquid asphalt were lower than 2014. Liquid asphalt prices may not always follow other energy products (e.g., oil or diesel fuel) because of complexities in the refining process which converts a barrel of oil into other fuels and petrochemical products. We expect the Company’s gross margins (excluding freight and delivery revenues) for the legacy TXI aggregates-related downstream operations to improve, similar to the pattern experienced at the Colorado aggregates-related downstream operations acquired in 2011.

The Company continues to review carefully each of the acquired aggregates-related downstream operations to determine if they represent opportunities to divest underperforming assets in an effort to redeploy capital for other opportunities. The Company also reviews other independent aggregates-related downstream operations to determine if they might present attractive acquisition opportunities in the best interest of the Company, either as part of their own aggregates-related downstream operations or operations that might be vertically integrated with other operations owned by the Company. Based on these assessments, in 2011 the Company completed the acquisitions described under General above, which included aggregates-related downstream operations, including asphalt, ready mixed concrete, and road paving businesses in the Denver, Colorado, and San Antonio, Texas markets. The 2014 business combination with TXI described under General above further expanded the Company’s aggregates-related downstream operations, with the addition of TXI’s aggregates and ready mixed concrete operations. The TXI combination also added the cement operations of TXI, which are accounted for as a separate business segment of the Company.

Environmental and zoning regulations have made it increasingly difficult for the aggregates industry to expand existing quarries and to develop new quarry operations. Although it cannot be predicted what policies will be adopted in the future by federal, state, and local governmental bodies regarding these matters, the Company anticipates that future restrictions will likely make zoning and permitting more difficult, thereby potentially enhancing the value of the Company’s existing mineral reserves.

Management believes the Aggregates business’ raw materials, or aggregates reserves, are sufficient to permit production at present operational levels for the foreseeable future. The Company does not anticipate any material difficulty in obtaining the raw materials that it uses for current production in its Aggregates business. The Company’s aggregates reserves on the average exceed 60 years of production, based on normalized levels of production. However, certain locations may be subject to more limited reserves and may not be able to expand. Moreover, as noted above, environmental and zoning regulations will likely make it harder for the Company to expand its existing quarries or develop new quarry operations. The Company generally sells products in its Aggregates business upon receipt of orders or requests from customers. Accordingly, there is no significant order backlog. The Company generally maintains inventories of aggregate products in sufficient quantities to meet the requirements of customers.

Less than 2% of the revenues from the Aggregates business are from foreign jurisdictions, principally Canada and the Bahamas, with revenues from customers in foreign countries totaling $12.3 million, $13.0 million, and $16.8 million, during 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively.

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Cement Business

The Cement business produces Portland and specialty cements. Cement is the basic binding agent for concrete, a primary construction material. The principal raw material used in the production of cement is calcium carbonate in the form of limestone. The Company owns more than 600 million tons of limestone reserves adjacent to its two cement production plants in Texas. Similar to the Aggregates business, cement is used in infrastructure projects, nonresidential and residential construction, and the railroad, agricultural, utility and environmental industries. Consequently, the cement industry is cyclical and dependent on the strength of the construction sector.

The Company has the leading cement position in Texas, with two production facilities, one located in Midlothian, Texas, south of Dallas/Fort Worth, and the other located in Hunter, Texas, north of San Antonio. In addition to these production facilities, the Company also operates three cement distribution terminals in Texas. During 2015 the Company also operated a state-of-the-art, rail-located cement plant in southern California at Oro Grande, California, near Los Angeles, California, and operated cement grinding and packaging facilities at the Crestmore plant near Riverside, California. In addition to the manufacturing and packaging facilities, the Company also operated two cement distribution terminals in California in 2015. As of September 30, 2015, the Company sold all of its California cement operations. It retained the real estate at the Crestmore facility, which the Company expects to sell for non-cement use. These operations were not in close proximity to other core assets of the Company and, unlike other marketplace competitors, were not vertically integrated with ready mixed concrete production.

Cement consumption is dependent on the time of year and prevalent weather conditions. According to the Portland Cement Association, nearly two-thirds of U.S. cement consumption occurs in the six months between May and October. The majority of all cement shipments, approximately 70 percent, are sent to ready-mix concrete operators. The rest are shipped to manufacturers of concrete related products, contractors, materials dealers, oil well/mining/drilling companies, as well as government entities.

Energy, including electricity and fossil fuels, accounts for approximately one-third of the cement production cost profile. Therefore, profitability of the Cement business is affected by changes in energy prices and the availability of the supply of these products. The Company currently has fixed-price supply contracts for coal and diesel fuel but also consumes natural gas, alternative fuel and petroleum coke. Further, profitability of the Cement business is also subject to kiln maintenance. This process typically requires a plant to be shut down for a period of time as repairs are made. In 2015, the Cement business incurred ordinary kiln maintenance shutdown costs of $26.0 million.

Texas and California accounted for 73% and 27% of the Cement business’ net sales, respectively, in 2015, including the California cement operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The Cement business is benefitting from continued strength in the Texas markets, where current demand exceeds local supply, a trend that is expected to continue for the near future. The Cement business sold cement to customers in 13 states and Mexico. Truck and rail transportation modes represent 97% and 3%, respectively, of total tons shipped. A portion of the cement is used internally in the Company’s ready mixed concrete product line. The Company shipped a total of 4.6 million tons of cement in 2015, with 3.7 million tons shipped to external customers and 0.9 million tons consumed by the Company for internal use. Of this amount, 1.1 million tons were shipped from the California cement plant prior to its sale as of September 30, 2015. For 2015 the Cement business generated net sales and earnings from operations of $367.6 million and $47.8 million, respectively.

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The limestone reserves used as a raw material for cement are located on property, owned by the Company, adjacent to each of the cement plants. Management believes that its reserves of limestone are sufficient to permit production at the current operational levels for the foreseeable future.

The Cement business generally delivers its products upon receipt of orders or requests from customers. Accordingly, there are no significant levels of order backlog. Inventory for products is generally maintained in sufficient quantities to meet rapid delivery requirements of customers.

Less than 2% of the revenues from the Cement business are from foreign jurisdictions, principally Mexico, with revenues from customers in foreign countries totaling $0.4 million during 2015 and $3.8 million during 2014 for the period from the July 1, 2014 acquisition of TXI.

Magnesia Specialties Business

The Company manufactures and markets, through its Magnesia Specialties business, magnesia-based chemical products for industrial, agricultural, and environmental applications, and dolomitic lime for use primarily in the steel industry. These chemical products have varying uses, including flame retardants, wastewater treatment, pulp and paper production, and other environmental applications. In 2015, 67% of Magnesia Specialties’ net sales were attributable to chemical products, 32% to lime, and 1% to stone sold as construction materials. Magnesia Specialties’ net sales declined 3.6% in 2015 compared with 2014. The reduction reflects a decrease in both the chemicals and dolomitic lime product lines. Net sales were impacted by lower domestic steel production, which was down 9% versus 2014. For 2015 the Magnesia Specialties business generated net sales and earnings from operations of $227.5 million and $68.9 million, respectively.

Given the high fixed costs associated with operating this business, low capacity utilization negatively affects its results of operations. A significant portion of the costs related to the production of magnesia-based products and dolomitic lime is of a fixed or semi-fixed nature. In addition, the production of certain magnesia chemical products and lime products requires natural gas, coal, and petroleum coke to fuel kilns. Price fluctuations of these fuels affect the profitability of this business.

In 2015, 80% of the lime produced was sold to third-party customers, while the remaining 20% was used internally as a raw material in making the business’ chemical products. Dolomitic lime products sold to external customers are used primarily by the steel industry. Products used in the steel industry, either directly as dolomitic lime or indirectly as a component of other industrial products, accounted for 42% of the Magnesia Specialties’ net sales in 2015, attributable primarily to the sale of dolomitic lime products. Accordingly, a portion of the profitability of the Magnesia Specialties business is dependent on steel production capacity utilization and the related marketplace. These trends are guided by the rate of consumer consumption, the flow of offshore imports, and other economic factors. The dolomitic lime business runs most profitably at 70% or greater steel capacity utilization; domestic capacity utilization averaged 70% in 2015, according to the American Iron and Steel Institute. Average steel production in 2015 declined 9% versus 2014 and the 2016 forecast is an increase of 2% over 2015.

Management has shifted the strategic focus of the magnesia-based business to specialty chemicals that can be produced at volume levels that support efficient operations. Accordingly, that business is not as dependent on the steel industry as is the dolomitic lime portion of the Magnesia Specialties business.

The principal raw materials used in the Magnesia Specialties business are dolomitic limestone and alkali-rich brine. Management believes that its reserves of dolomitic limestone and brine are sufficient to permit production at the current operational levels for the foreseeable future.

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After the brine is used in the production process, the Magnesia Specialties business must dispose of the processed brine. In the past, the business did this by reinjecting the processed brine back into its underground brine reserve network around its facility in Manistee, Michigan. The business has also sold a portion of this processed brine to third parties. In 2003, Magnesia Specialties entered into a long-term processed brine supply agreement with The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) pursuant to which Dow purchases processed brine from Magnesia Specialties, at market rates, for use in Dow’s production of calcium chloride products. Magnesia Specialties also entered into a venture with Dow to construct, own, and operate a processed brine supply pipeline between the Magnesia Specialties facility in Manistee, Michigan, and Dow’s facility in Ludington, Michigan. Construction of the pipeline was completed in 2003, and Dow began purchasing processed brine from Magnesia Specialties through the pipeline. In 2010, Dow sold the assets of Dow’s facility in Ludington, Michigan to Occidental Chemical Corporation (“Occidental”) and assigned to Occidental its interests in the long-term processed brine supply agreement and the pipeline venture with Magnesia Specialties.

Magnesia Specialties generally delivers its products upon receipt of orders or requests from customers. Accordingly, there is no significant order backlog. Inventory for products is generally maintained in sufficient quantities to meet rapid delivery requirements of customers. A significant portion of the 275,000 ton dolomitic lime capacity from a lime kiln completed in 2012 at Woodville, Ohio is committed under a long-term supply contract.

The Magnesia Specialties business is highly dependent on rail transportation, particularly for movement of dolomitic lime from Woodville to Manistee and direct customer shipments of dolomitic lime and magnesia chemicals products from both Woodville and Manistee. The segment can be affected by the specific transportation and other risks and uncertainties outlined under Item IA., Risk Factors, of this Form 10-K.

Approximately 13.3% of the revenues of the Magnesia Specialties business in 2015 were from foreign jurisdictions, principally Canada, Mexico, Europe, South America, and the Pacific Rim, but no single foreign country accounted for 10% or more of the revenues of the business. Revenues from customers in foreign countries totaled $32.7 million, $29.0 million, and $25.7 million, in 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. As a result of these foreign market sales, the financial results of the Magnesia Specialties business could be affected by foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in the foreign markets. To mitigate the short-term effects of currency exchange rates, the Magnesia Specialties business principally uses the United States dollar as the functional currency in foreign transactions. However, the current strength of the United States dollar in foreign markets is affecting the overall price of Magnesia Specialties’ products when compared to foreign-domiciled competitors.

Patents and Trademarks

As of February 12, 2016, the Company owns, has the right to use, or has pending applications for approximately 33 patents pending or granted by the United States and various countries and approximately 112 trademarks related to business. The Company believes that its rights under its existing patents, patent applications, and trademarks are of value to its operations, but no one patent or trademark or group of patents or trademarks is material to the conduct of the Company’s business as a whole.

Customers

No material part of the business of any segment of the Company is dependent upon a single customer or upon a few customers, the loss of any one of which would have a material adverse effect on the segment. The Company’s products are sold principally to commercial customers in private industry. Although large amounts

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of construction materials are used in public works projects, relatively insignificant sales are made directly to federal, state, county, or municipal governments, or agencies thereof.

Competition

Because of the impact of transportation costs on the aggregates industry, competition in the Aggregates business tends to be limited to producers in proximity to each of the Company’s facilities. Although all of the Company’s locations experience competition, the Company believes that it is generally a leading producer in the areas it serves. Competition is based primarily on quarry or distribution location and price, but quality of aggregates and level of customer service are also factors.

There are over 5,600 companies in the United States that produce construction aggregates. These include active crushed stone companies and active sand and gravel companies. The largest ten producers account for approximately 35% of the total market. The Company’s aggregates-related downstream operations are also characterized by numerous operators. A national trade association estimates there are about 5,500 ready mixed concrete plants in the United States owned by over 2,200 companies, with about 65,000 mixer trucks delivering ready mixed concrete. Similarly, a national trade association estimates there are about 3,700 asphalt plants in the United States owned by over 800 companies. The Company, in its Aggregates business, including its aggregates-related downstream operations, competes with a number of other large and small producers. The Company believes that its ability to transport materials by ocean vessels and rail have enhanced the Company’s ability to compete in the aggregates industry. Some of the Company’s competitors in the aggregates industry have greater financial resources than the Company.

The Company’s Magnesia Specialties business competes with various companies in different geographic and product areas principally on the basis of quality, price, technological advances, and technical support for its products. The Magnesia Specialties business also competes for sales to customers located outside the United States, with revenues from foreign jurisdictions accounting for 13.3% of revenues for the Magnesia Specialties business in 2015, principally in Canada, Mexico, Europe, South America, and the Pacific Rim. Certain of the Company’s competitors in the Magnesia Specialties business have greater financial resources than the Company.

According to the Portland Cement Association, United States cement production is widely dispersed with the operation of 107 cement plants in 36 states. The top five companies collectively operate 49.6 percent of U.S. clinker capacity with the largest company representing 14.2 percent of all domestic clinker capacity. An estimated 76.7 percent of U.S. clinker capacity is owned by companies headquartered outside of the United States. In reviewing these figures for cement plants, capacity is often stated in terms of “clinker” capacity. “Clinker” is the initial product of cement production. Cement producers mine materials such as limestone, shale, or other materials, crush and screen the materials, and place them in a cement kiln. After being heated to extremely high temperatures, these materials form marble-sized balls or pellets called “clinker” that are then very finely ground to produce portland cement.

The Company’s Cement business competes with various companies in different geographic and product areas principally on the basis of proximity, quality and price for its products, but level of customer service is also a factor. The Cement business also competes with imported cement because of the higher value of the product and the existence of major ports in some of our markets. A small percentage of the Company’s cement sales are to customers located outside the United States, with less than 2% of revenues for the Cement business in 2015 coming from sales from California to customers in Mexico. The Company divested of its California cement business as of September 30, 2015. Certain of the Company’s competitors in the Cement business have greater financial resources than the Company.

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The nature of the Company’s competition varies among its product lines due to the widely differing amounts of capital necessary to build production facilities. Crushed stone production from stone quarries or mines, or sand and gravel production by dredging, is moderately capital intensive. The Company’s major competitors in the aggregates markets are typically large vertically integrated companies, with international operations. Ready-mixed concrete production requires relatively small amounts of capital to build a concrete batching plant and acquire delivery trucks. As a result, in each local market the Company faces competition from numerous small producers as well as large vertically integrated companies with facilities in many markets. Construction of cement production facilities is highly capital intensive and requires long lead times to complete engineering design, obtain regulatory permits, acquire equipment and construct a plant. Most domestic producers of cement are owned by large foreign companies operating in multiple international markets. Many of these producers maintain the capability to import cement from foreign production facilities.

Research and Development

The Company conducts research and development activities, principally for its magnesia-based chemicals business, at its plant in Manistee, Michigan. In general, the Company’s research and development efforts are directed to applied technological development for the use of its chemicals products. The amounts spent by the Company in each of the last two years on research and development activities were not material.

Environmental and Governmental Regulations

The Company’s operations are subject to and affected by federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to the environment, health and safety, and other regulatory matters. Certain of the Company’s operations may from time to time involve the use of substances that are classified as toxic or hazardous substances within the meaning of these laws and regulations. Environmental operating permits are, or may be, required for certain of the Company’s operations, and such permits are subject to modification, renewal, and revocation.

The Company records an accrual for environmental remediation liabilities in the period in which it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. Such accruals are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change. The accruals are not discounted to their present value or offset for potential insurance or other claims or potential gains from future alternative uses for a site.

The Company regularly monitors and reviews its operations, procedures, and policies for compliance with existing laws and regulations, changes in interpretations of existing laws and enforcement policies, new laws that are adopted, and new laws that the Company anticipates will be adopted that could affect its operations. The Company has a full time staff of environmental engineers and managers that perform these responsibilities. The direct costs of ongoing environmental compliance were approximately $24.7 million in 2015 and approximately $19.6 million in 2014 and are related to the Company’s environmental staff, ongoing monitoring costs for various matters (including those matters disclosed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K), and asset retirement costs. Capitalized costs related to environmental control facilities were approximately $9.7 million in 2015 and are expected to be approximately $9.0 million in 2016 and 2017. The Company’s capital expenditures for environmental matters were not material to its results of operations or financial condition in 2015 and 2014. However, our expenditures for environmental matters generally have increased over time and are likely to increase in the future. Despite our compliance efforts, risk of environmental liability is inherent in the operation of the Company’s businesses, as it is with other companies engaged in similar businesses, and

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there can be no assurance that environmental liabilities will not have a material adverse effect on the Company in the future.

Many of the requirements of the environmental laws are satisfied by procedures that the Company adopts as best business practices in the ordinary course of its operations. For example, plant equipment that is used to crush aggregates products may, as an ordinary course of operations, have an attached water spray bar that is used to clean the stone. The water spray bar also suffices as a dust control mechanism that complies with applicable environmental laws. The Company does not break out the portion of the cost, depreciation, and other financial information relating to the water spray bar that is only attributable to environmental purposes, as it would be derived from an arbitrary allocation methodology. The incremental portion of such operating costs that is attributable to environmental compliance rather than best operating practices is impractical to quantify. Accordingly, the Company expenses costs in that category when incurred as operating expenses.

The environmental accruals recorded by the Company are based on internal studies of the required remediation costs and estimates of potential costs that arise from time to time under federal, state, and/or local environmental protection laws. Many of these laws and the regulations promulgated under them are complex, and are subject to challenges and new interpretations by regulators and the courts from time to time. In addition, new laws are adopted from time to time. It is often difficult to accurately and fully quantify the costs to comply with new rules until it is determined the type of operations to which they will apply and the manner in which they will be implemented is more accurately defined. This process often takes years to finalize and changes significantly from the time the rules are proposed to the time they are final. The Company typically has several appropriate alternatives available to satisfy compliance requirements, which could range from nominal costs to some alternatives that may be satisfied in conjunction with equipment replacement or expansion that also benefits operating efficiencies or capacities and carry significantly higher costs.

Management believes that its current accrual for environmental costs is reasonable, although those amounts may increase or decrease depending on the impact of applicable rules as they are finalized from time to time and changes in facts and circumstances. The Company believes that any additional costs for ongoing environmental compliance would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s obligations or financial condition.

Future reclamation costs are estimated using statutory reclamation requirements and management’s experience and knowledge in the industry, and are discounted to their present value using a credit-adjusted, risk-free rate of interest. The future reclamation costs are not offset by potential recoveries. For additional information regarding compliance with legal requirements, see “Note N: Commitments and Contingencies” of the “Notes to Financial Statements” of the 2015 Financial Statements and the 2015 Annual Report. The Company is generally required by state or local laws or pursuant to the terms of an applicable lease to reclaim quarry sites after use. The Company performs activities on an ongoing basis that may reduce the ultimate reclamation obligation. These activities are performed as an integral part of the normal quarrying process. For example, the perimeter and interior walls of an open pit quarry are sloped and benched as they are developed to prevent erosion and provide stabilization. This sloping and benching meets dual objectives — safety regulations required by the Mine Safety and Health Administration for ongoing operations and final reclamation requirements. Therefore, these types of activities are included in normal operating costs and are not a part of the asset retirement obligation. Historically, the Company has not incurred substantial reclamation costs in connection with the closing of quarries. Reclaimed quarry sites owned by the Company are available for sale, typically for commercial development or use as reservoirs.

The Company believes that its operations and facilities, both owned or leased, are in substantial compliance with applicable laws and regulations and that any noncompliance is not likely to have a material

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adverse effect on the Company’s operations or financial condition. See “Legal Proceedings” under Item 3 of this Form 10-K, “Note N: Commitments and Contingencies” of the “Notes to Financial Statements” of the 2015 Financial Statements included under Item 8 of this Form 10-K and the 2015 Annual Report, and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Environmental Regulation and Litigation” included under Item 7 of this Form 10-K and the 2015 Annual Report. However, future events, such as changes in or modified interpretations of existing laws and regulations or enforcement policies, or further investigation or evaluation of the potential health hazards of certain products or business activities, may give rise to additional compliance and other costs that could have a material adverse effect on the Company.

In general, quarry, mining, and cement production facilities must comply with air quality, water quality, and noise regulations, zoning and special use permitting requirements, applicable mining regulations, and federal health and safety requirements. As new quarry and mining sites are located and acquired, the Company works closely with local authorities during the zoning and permitting processes to design new quarries and mines in such a way as to minimize disturbances. The Company frequently acquires large tracts of land so that quarry, mine, and production facilities can be situated substantial distances from surrounding property owners. Also, in certain markets the Company’s ability to transport material by rail and ship allows it to locate its facilities further away from residential areas. The Company has established policies designed to minimize disturbances to surrounding property owners from its operations.

As is the case with other companies in the same industry, some of the Company’s products contain varying amounts of crystalline silica, a common mineral also known as quartz. Excessive, prolonged inhalation of very small-sized particles of crystalline silica has been associated with lung diseases, including silicosis, and several scientific organizations and some states, such as California, have reported that crystalline silica can cause lung cancer. The Mine Safety and Health Administration and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration have established occupational thresholds for crystalline silica exposure as respirable dust. The Company monitors occupational exposures at its facilities and implements dust control procedures and/or makes available appropriate respiratory protective equipment to maintain the occupational exposures at or below the appropriate levels. The Company, through safety information sheets and other means, also communicates what it believes to be appropriate warnings and cautions its employees and customers about the risks associated with excessive, prolonged inhalation of mineral dust in general and crystalline silica in particular.

As is the case with other companies in the cement industry, the Company’s cement operations produce varying quantities of cement kiln dust (“CKD”). This production by-product consists of fine-grained, solid, highly alkaline material removed from cement kiln exhaust gas by air pollution control devices. Because much of the CKD is actually unreacted raw materials, it is generally permissible to recycle the CKD back into the production process, and large amounts often are treated in such manner. CKD that is not returned to the production process or sold as a product itself is disposed in landfills. CKD is currently exempted from federal hazardous waste regulations under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.

In 2010, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“USEPA”) included the lime industry as a national enforcement priority under the federal Clean Air Act (“CAA”). As part of the industry wide effort, the USEPA issued Notices of Violation/Findings of Violation (“NOVs”) to the Company in 2010 and 2011 regarding the Company’s compliance with the CAA New Source Review (“NSR”) program at the Magnesia Specialties dolomitic lime manufacturing plant in Woodville, Ohio. The Company has been providing information to the USEPA in response to these NOVs and has had several meetings with the USEPA. The Company believes it is in substantial compliance with the NSR program. The Company cannot at this time reasonably estimate what reasonable likely penalties or upgrades to equipment might ultimately be required.

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The Company believes that any costs related to any required upgrades will be spread over time and will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations or its financial condition, but can give no assurance that the ultimate resolution of this matter will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of operations of the Magnesia Specialties segment of the business.

In October 2014, the Company received a CAA Section 114 request for information regarding the Manistee, Michigan operations from the USEPA, similar to the one initially received at the Woodville, Ohio plant. The letter seeks information regarding the Company’s compliance with the NSR program at the Magnesia Specialties manufacturing plant in Manistee, Michigan. No notices of violation have been received by the Company relating to alleged non-compliance at the Manistee plant. The Company believes it is in substantial compliance with the NSR program and has submitted information to the USEPA for review and is awaiting a response or additional questions. The Company cannot at this time reasonably estimate the costs, if any, that may be incurred relating to this matter.

In September 2005, the USEPA designated several entities as potentially responsible parties (“PRPs”) under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), at the Ward Transformer Superfund site located in Raleigh, North Carolina. In April 2009, two PRPs filed separate actions in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina against more than 100 other entities, including the Company, seeking contribution from the defendants for expenses incurred by the plaintiffs related to work performed at a portion of the site. The USEPA has not designated the Company as a PRP. The ultimate outcome of these matters will depend upon further environmental assessment and the ultimate number of PRPs and defendants who are held liable for the costs and cannot be determined at this time. The Company believes that any liability will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

The Company has been reviewing its operations with respect to climate change matters and its sources of greenhouse gas emissions. In December 2009, the USEPA made an endangerment finding under the Clean Air Act that the current and projected concentrations of the six key greenhouse gases (“GHG” or “GHGs”) in the atmosphere threaten the public health and welfare of current and future generations. The six GHGs are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. As of 2010, facilities that emitted 25,000 metric tons or more per year of GHGs are required to annually report GHG generation to comply with the USEPA’s Mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule. In May 2010, the USEPA issued a final rule (known as the Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule) that would have required the Company to incorporate best available GHG control technology in any new plant that it might propose to build and in its existing plants if it modified them in a manner that would increase GHG emissions (in the Company’s case, principally carbon dioxide emissions) by more than 75,000 tons per year. This rule was challenged in court by various public and private parties, and was upheld in part and invalidated in part by the United States Supreme Court in an opinion issued on June 23, 2014. The Court concluded that the USEPA may in fact require best available control technology for GHG, but only if the plant is otherwise subject to Prevention of Significant Deterioration or Title V air permitting under the USEPA’s rules. It is not known whether the USEPA will revise its rules in response to the Court’s decision and, if so, what the impact will be on the Company’s operations. No technologies or methods of operation for reducing or capturing GHGs such as carbon dioxide have been proven successful in large scale applications other than improvements in fuel efficiency, and it is not known what the USEPA will require as best available control technology for plants or conditions it will require for operating permits in the event of modifications to plants or construction of new plants.

In Congress, both the House and Senate had considered climate change legislation, including the “cap-and-trade” approach. Cap and trade is an environmental policy tool that delivers results with a mandatory cap

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on emissions while providing sources flexibility in how they comply by trading credits with other sources whose emissions are below the cap. Another approach that had been proposed was a tax on emissions. The Company believes that climate change legislation is not a priority item in Congress in the near future and that the primary method that greenhouse gases will be regulated is through the USEPA using its rule-making authority. Various states where the Company has operations are also considering climate change initiatives, and the Company may be subject to state regulations in addition to any federal laws and rules that are passed.

The operations of the Company’s Aggregates business are not major sources of GHG emissions. Most of the GHG emissions from aggregate operations are tailpipe emissions from mobile sources such as heavy construction and earth-moving equipment. The manufacturing operations of the Company’s Magnesia Specialties business in Woodville, Ohio releases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide during the production of lime. The Magnesia Specialties operation in Manistee, Michigan releases carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides in the manufacture of magnesium oxide and hydroxide products. Both of these operations are filing annual reports of their GHG emissions in accordance with the USEPA’s Mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule.

Cement production worldwide is estimated to comprise approximately 5% to 10% of CO₂ or GHG emissions, and the USEPA has indicated that CO₂ emitted from cement production is the second largest source of CO₂ emissions in the United States. The Company’s subsidiaries, Riverside Cement Company and TXI, file annual reports of the GHG emissions relating to their cement operations. In addition, as it operated in California, Riverside Cement has been subject to California’s existing GHG emissions trading/credit program. With the sale of its California business, Riverside will no longer be required to file such reports. The Company believes that Riverside Cement has purchased an adequate number of additional emission credits to remain under the regulated limits for the pre-sale periods, and that program will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s or the Cement business’ financial condition or results of operations.

If and when Congress passes legislation on GHGs, the Woodville and Manistee operations, as well as the Company’s cement operations, will likely be subject to the new program. In addition, the Company believes that the USEPA may impose additional regulatory restrictions on emissions of GHGs that will impact the Company’s Woodville, Manistee, and cement operations. The Company anticipates that any increased operating costs or taxes relating to GHG emission limitations at the Woodville, Manistee, or cement operations would be passed on to customers. The magnesium oxide products produced at the Manistee operation compete against other products that emit a lower level of GHGs in their production. Therefore, the Manistee facility may be required to absorb additional costs due to the regulation of GHG emissions in order to remain competitive in pricing in that market. The Company is also continuing to review the obligations of our Manistee facility’s global customer base with regards to climate change treaties and accords. The Company at this time cannot reasonably predict what the costs of compliance will be, but does not believe it will have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of the operations of either the Magnesia Specialties or Cement businesses.

In California, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, or AB32, required the California Air Resources Board (“CARB”) to implement rules designed to achieve a statewide reduction in emissions of GHGs in California to 1990 levels by 2020. In response, CARB adopted rules that establish a market-based cap-and-trade program, which began on January 1, 2013. The rules applied to Riverside Cement’s cement plant in Oro Grande, California. However, as the plant was sold as of September 30, 2015, Riverside has no further reporting or compliance obligations for the post-closing periods with respect to these rules.

In 2010, the USEPA issued rules that dramatically reduced the permitted emissions of mercury, total hydrocarbons, particulate matter and hydrochloric acid from cement plants. The compliance date for these new

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standards was September 2015, but the USEPA granted a one-year extension to verify monitoring systems are effective for mercury and hydrogen chloride emissions. The Company has conducted tests to analyze the current level of compliance of its cement plants with the new standards. All plants required the installation of continuous emissions monitoring (“CEMs”). The Company, through its subsidiary TXI, identified, tested and installed new control and monitoring equipment for these purposes prior to the original September 2015 deadline, and believe that the cement plants meet the other emission requirements in these rules. The Company does not believe that the costs relating to these controls and equipment will have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of the operations of either the Company or the Cement business.

Employees

As of January 31, 2016, the Company has approximately 7,300 employees, of which 5,543 are hourly employees and 1,756 are salaried employees. Included among these employees are 751 hourly employees represented by labor unions (10.3% of the Company’s employees). Of such amount, 9.8% of the Company’s Aggregates business’s hourly employees are members of a labor union, none of the Company’s Cement business’s hourly employees are represented by labor unions, and 100% of the Magnesia Specialties segment’s hourly employees are represented by labor unions. The Company’s principal union contracts for the Magnesia Specialties business cover employees at the Manistee, Michigan, magnesia-based chemicals plant and the Woodville, Ohio, lime plant. The Woodville collective bargaining agreement expires in May 2018. The Manistee collective bargaining agreement expires in August 2019. While the Company’s management does not expect significant difficulties in renewing these labor contracts, there can be no assurance that a successor agreement will be reached at any of these locations.

Available Information

The Company maintains an Internet address at www.martinmarietta.com. The Company makes available free of charge through its Internet web site its Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, if any, filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. These reports and any amendments are accessed via the Company’s web site through a link with the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (“EDGAR”) system maintained by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) at www.sec.gov. Accordingly, the Company’s referenced reports and any amendments are made available as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC, once EDGAR places such material in its database.

The Company has adopted a Code of Ethical Business Conduct that applies to all of its directors, officers, and employees. The Company’s code of ethics is available on the Company’s web site at www.martinmarietta.com. The Company intends to disclose on its Internet web site any waivers of or amendments to its code of ethics as it applies to its directors and executive officers.

The Company has adopted a set of Corporate Governance Guidelines to address issues of fundamental importance relating to the corporate governance of the Company, including director qualifications and responsibilities, responsibilities of key board committees, director compensation, and similar issues. Each of the Audit Committee, the Management Development and Compensation Committee, and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company has adopted a written charter addressing various issues of importance relating to each committee, including the committee’s purposes and responsibilities, an annual performance evaluation of each committee, and similar issues. These Corporate Governance Guidelines, and the charters of each of these committees, are available on the Company’s web site at www.martinmarietta.com.

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The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are required to file with the SEC each quarter and each year certifications regarding the quality of the Company’s public disclosure of its financial condition. The annual certifications are included as Exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is also required to certify to the New York Stock Exchange each year that he is not aware of any violation by the Company of the New York Stock Exchange corporate governance listing standards.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

General Risk Factors

An investment in our common stock or debt securities involves risks and uncertainties. You should consider the following factors carefully, in addition to the other information contained in this Form 10-K, before deciding to purchase or otherwise trade our securities.

This Form 10-K and other written reports and oral statements made from time to time by the Company contain statements which, to the extent they are not recitations of historical fact, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities law. Investors are cautioned that all forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, and are based on assumptions that the Company believes in good faith are reasonable, but which may be materially different from actual results. Investors can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate only to historic or current facts. The words “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “outlook,” “plan,” “project,” “scheduled,” and similar expressions in connection with future events or future operating or financial performance are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Any or all of the Company’s forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K and in other publications may turn out to be wrong.

Statements and assumptions on future revenues, income and cash flows, performance, economic trends, the outcome of litigation, regulatory compliance, and environmental remediation cost estimates are examples of forward-looking statements. Numerous factors, including potentially the risk factors described in this section, could affect our forward-looking statements and actual performance.

Investors are also cautioned that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors. Consequently, the reader should not consider any such list to be a complete statement of all potential risks or uncertainties. Other factors besides those listed may also adversely affect the Company and may be material to the Company. The Company has listed the known material risks it considers relevant in evaluating the Company and its operations. The forward-looking statements in this document are intended to be subject to the safe harbor protection provided by Sections 27A and 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date hereof based on management’s current expectations, and the Company does not undertake an obligation to update such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

For a discussion identifying some important factors that could cause actual results to vary materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, see the factors listed below, along with the discussion of “Competition” under Item 1 of this Form 10-K, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” under Item 7 of this Form 10-K and the 2015 Annual Report, and “Note A: Accounting Policies” and “Note N: Commitments and Contingencies” of the “Notes to Financial Statements” of the 2015 Financial Statements included under Item 8 of this Form 10-K and the 2015 Annual Report.

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Our business is cyclical and depends on activity within the construction industry.

Economic and political uncertainty can impede growth in the markets in which we operate. Demand for our products, particularly in the nonresidential and residential construction markets, could fall if companies and consumers are unable to get credit for construction projects or if an economic slowdown causes delays or cancellations of capital projects. State and federal budget issues may also hurt the funding available for infrastructure spending. The lack of available credit may limit the ability of states to issue bonds to finance construction projects. Several of our top sales states, from time-to-time, stop or slow bidding projects in their transportation departments.

We sell most of our aggregate products, our primary business, and our cement products, to the construction industry, so our results depend on the strength of the construction industry. Since our businesses depend on construction spending, which can be cyclical, our profits are sensitive to national, regional, and local economic conditions and the intensity of the underlying spending on aggregates and cement products. During the past few years, the overall economy was hurt by mortgage security losses and the tightening credit markets. Construction spending was affected by economic conditions, changes in interest rates, demographic and population shifts, and changes in construction spending by federal, state, and local governments. If economic conditions change, a recession in the construction industry may occur and affect the demand for our products. The recent economic recession was an example, and our business was hurt. Construction spending can also be disrupted by terrorist activity and armed conflicts.

While our business operations cover a wide geographic area, our earnings depend on the strength of the local economies in which we operate because of the high cost to transport our products relative to their price. If economic conditions and construction spending decline significantly in one or more areas, particularly in our top five sales-generating states of our Aggregates business (based on net sales by state of destination) of Texas, Colorado, North Carolina, Iowa, and Georgia, our profitability will decrease. We experienced this situation with the recent economic recession.

The historic economic recession resulted in large declines in shipments of aggregate products in our industry. Recent years, however, have shown a turnaround in this trend. For the last four years, our aggregates shipments have increased, reflecting a certain degree of volume stability and modest growth. Prior to 2010, use of aggregate products in the United States had declined almost 40% from the highest volume in 2006. During 2015 our heritage aggregates shipments showed 2.1% improvement compared with 2014 levels, after a 7.5% increase the prior year. This improvement was made in 2015 despite the impact of historic levels of rainfall in many of our major markets. While historical spending on public infrastructure projects has been comparatively more stable as governmental appropriations and expenditures are typically less interest rate-sensitive than private sector spending, during 2015 the unprecedented uncertainty on both the timing and amount of future long-term federal infrastructure funding had negatively affected spending on public infrastructure projects. This uncertainty was accompanied by a reduction in some states’ investment in highway maintenance.

After a decade of 36 short-term funding provisions, a five-year, $305 billion highway bill, Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (“FAST Act”), was signed into law on December 4, 2015. FAST Act funding will primarily be secured through gas tax collections. Market analysis projects aggregate demand to increase with the availability of federal funding, with demand peaking in 2018, and thereafter declining with anticipated higher interest and inflation rates. Additionally, many states have recently shown a commitment to securing alternative funding sources, including initiating special-purpose taxes and raising gas taxes. According to American Road and Transportation Builders Association (“ARTBA”), fifteen states have raised gas taxes

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and 30 legislative measures (which represented 68% of ballot initiatives) for transportation funding were approved by voters in 2015.

Supported by state spending programs, our aggregates shipments to the infrastructure construction market increased 5% in 2015 compared to an increase of 12% in 2014 compared with 2013. We believe that the demand and need for infrastructure projects will continue to support consistent growth in this market now that long-term federal funding has been resolved. In 2015, 41% of our product line aggregates shipments were to the infrastructure construction market.

Within the construction industry, we also sell our aggregates and cement products for use in both nonresidential construction and residential construction. Nonresidential and residential construction levels generally move with economic cycles; when the economy is strong, construction levels rise, and when the economy is weak, construction levels fall.

In 2015, construction growth was driven by private-sector activity. Nonresidential and residential construction levels are interest rate-sensitive and typically move in direct correlation with economic cycles. The Dodge Momentum Index, a 12-month leading indicator of construction spending for nonresidential building compiled by McGraw Hill Construction and where the year 2000 serves as an index basis of 100, remained strong and was 125.2 in December 2015. According to Dodge Data & Analytics, the recent increasing trend of the index is an indication that construction growth will continue into 2016.

Our aggregates volumes to the nonresidential construction market accounted for 32% of our 2015 aggregates product line shipments and increased 3% compared with 2014. Light nonresidential, which includes the commercial sector, increased 27% and was partially offset by a decline in heavy nonresidential, which includes the industrial and energy sectors. Nonresidential investment varies significantly by state. Texas continues to lead the nation in nonresidential construction, demonstrating economic diversity and the ability to replace energy-related shipments currently displaced by low oil prices with other residential projects. Even with its challenging commodity price environment, we expect continued energy-related activity. On a national scale, Florida and South Carolina each rank in the top 10 states and North Carolina and Colorado each rank in the top 20 states in growth (based on dollars invested) in nonresidential construction. Notably, recovery in the residential market typically leads to nonresidential growth with a 12-to-18-month lag.

Our aggregates shipments to the residential construction market increased 20% in 2015. Housing strength varies considerably in different areas of the country. We saw significant residential growth in our key geographic markets, including Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and Texas. The U.S. Census Bureau reported the total value of private residential construction put in place in 2015 increased 13%. Furthermore, housing starts, a key indicator for residential construction activity, continues to show year-over-year improvement. While 2015 represented the second year that starts exceeded one million since 2008, they still remain below the 50-year historical annual average of 1.5 million units. Importantly, 2015 housing starts exceeded completions, a trend expected to continue in 2016. Geographically, housing strength varies considerably by state, and Texas leads the nation in residential starts. Notably, Dallas-Fort Worth is the second ranked metro area in the United States for growth in housing permits. Additionally, Florida, South Carolina, Colorado and North Carolina each rank in the top ten states for residential starts. In 2015, 17% of our aggregates shipments were to the residential construction market.

Our aggregates product line shipment variances in 2015 for the Mid-America and Southeast Groups reflect the ongoing recovery in these markets, notably Georgia, Florida, and North Carolina. While shipments in the West Group were up due to acquired operations, volumes reflect the significant precipitation in Texas,

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Oklahoma and Colorado, which deferred certain shipments to future periods. The West Group volume variance in 2015 was also impacted by the divestiture of the North Troy quarry and two rail yards, which were sold in the third quarter of 2014.

Shipments of chemical rock (comprised primarily of high-calcium carbonate material used for agricultural lime and flue gas desulfurization) and ballast product sales (collectively “ChemRock/Rail”) accounted for 10% of our aggregates shipments and increased 10% in 2015.

Shipments of aggregates-related downstream products typically follow construction aggregates trends.

The Cement business was acquired from TXI on July 1, 2014. The net sales of $367.6 million for 2015 reflected the Company’s leading position in the Texas market.

Our business is dependent on funding from a combination of federal, state and local sources.

Our aggregates and cement products are used in public infrastructure projects, which include the construction, maintenance, and improvement of highways, streets, roads, bridges, schools, and similar projects. So our business is dependent on the level of federal, state, and local spending on these projects. The year 2015 was another year of unprecedented uncertainty as it related to both the timing and amount of future long-term federal infrastructure funding, which negatively affected spending on public infrastructure projects. Despite the uncertainty in long-term funding levels, which wasn’t resolved until near the end of the year, the total value of United States overall public-works spending increased in 2015. However, federal funding remained flat for the year. This increase in overall public works spending in 2015 demonstrates the commitment of states to address the underlying demand for infrastructure investment. However, infrastructure investment continued to vary by market and was strongest in the southwestern and southeastern United States in 2015. We saw increased infrastructure spending in 2015 in Texas, North Carolina, Iowa, and Georgia, four of our five largest revenue generating states. We cannot be assured, however, of the existence, amount, and timing of appropriations for spending on future projects.

The federal highway bill provides annual highway funding for public-sector construction projects. The most recent federal highway bill passed in December 2015, the FAST Act, after a decade of 36 short-term funding provisions, reauthorizes federal highway and transportation funding programs and stabilizes the Highway Trust Fund. The FAST Act also changes TIFIA funding, a federal alternative funding mechanism for transportation projects. Under the FAST Act TIFIA funding will range from $275 million to $300 million, and will no longer require the 20% matching funds from state departments of transportation.

Federal highway bills provide spending authorizations that represent maximum amounts. Each year, an appropriation act is passed establishing the amount that can actually be used for particular programs. The annual funding level is generally tied to receipts of highway user taxes placed in the Highway Trust Fund. Once the annual appropriation is passed, funds are distributed to each state based on formulas (apportionments) or other procedures (allocations). Apportioned and allocated funds generally must be spent on specific programs as outlined in the federal legislation. The Highway Trust Fund has experienced shortfalls in recent years, due to high gas prices (until recently), fewer miles driven and improved automobile fuel efficiency. These shortfalls created a significant decline in federal highway funding levels. In response to the projected shortfalls, money has been transferred from the General Fund into the Highway Trust Fund over the past several years. According to the Congressional Budget Office, current revenues of approximately $34 billion are falling short of the current annual expenditure level of $41 billion. Therefore, timely Congressional action is needed to address the funding mechanism for the Highway Trust Fund. We cannot be assured of the existence, timing or amount of federal highway funding levels in the future. We also cannot be assured of the impact of the recent

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sharp reduction in gasoline prices on the levels of highway user taxes that might be collected in the future and the corresponding levels of funding to the Highway Trust Fund.

At the state level, each state funds its infrastructure spending from specially allocated amounts collected from various taxes, typically gasoline taxes and vehicle fees, along with voter-approved bond programs. Shortages in state tax revenues can reduce the amounts spent on state infrastructure projects, even below amounts awarded under legislative bills. Delays in state infrastructure spending can hurt our business. Many states have experienced state-level funding pressures caused by lower tax revenues and an inability to finance approved projects. North Carolina was among the states experiencing these pressures, and this state disproportionately affects our revenues and profits. Most state budgets, including North Carolina, began to improve in 2014 and 2015 as increased tax revenues helped states resolve budget deficits. Prior to the FAST Act, States had also taken on a larger role in funding sustained infrastructure investment. For example, the Texas voters in 2014 approved use of the state’s oil and gas production tax collections for annual disbursements to the State Highway Fund. Additionally, in November 2015, voters passed Proposition 7, a constitutional amendment that will provide an additional $2.5 billion of funding for non-toll roads beginning in 2017. We anticipate further growth in state-level funding initiatives, such as bond issues, toll roads, and special purpose taxes, as states address infrastructure needs, particularly in periods of federal funding uncertainty. Nevertheless, it is a continuing risk to our business that sufficient funding from federal, state, and local sources will not be available to address infrastructure needs.

With the passage of FAST Act in December 2015, the infrastructure market should have increased activity in 2016 and beyond, which should help our business. With most states in recovery or expansion, the sustained decline in energy costs may be the catalyst in some markets to boost construction and help our business. But those markets heavily dependent on the energy sector, namely Oklahoma and West Virginia, may result in recessions in those areas, with the decrease in oil production, which would hurt our business.

Our aggregates business is seasonal and subject to the weather.

Since the construction business is conducted outdoors, erratic weather patterns, seasonal changes and other weather-related conditions affect our business. Adverse weather conditions, including hurricanes and tropical storms, cold weather, snow, and heavy or sustained rainfall, reduce construction activity, restrict the demand for our products, and impede our ability to efficiently transport material. Adverse weather conditions also increase our costs and reduce our production output as a result of power loss, needed plant and equipment repairs, time required to remove water from flooded operations, and similar events. Severe drought conditions can restrict available water supplies and restrict production. The construction aggregates business production and shipment levels follow activity in the construction industry, which typically occur in the spring, summer and fall. Because of the weather’s effect on the construction industry’s activity, the production and shipment levels for the Company’s Aggregates business, including all of its aggregates-related downstream operations, vary by quarter. The second and third quarters are generally the most profitable and the first quarter is generally the least profitable. Weather-related hindrances were exacerbated in 2015 by record precipitation in many of our key markets. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (“NOAA”) has tracked precipitation for 121 years. According to NOAA, 2015 represented the wettest year on record for Texas and Oklahoma, while North Carolina, South Carolina, Colorado and Iowa each experienced a top-ten precipitation year. Our nation as a whole had its third wettest year in NOAA recorded history. These weather events reduced the Company’s overall profitability in 2015, creating a backlog of construction activity expected to be completed in 2016. The completion of construction activity backlog in 2016 will depend on the capacity of the affected areas to provide enough resources, such as construction crews and equipment, among others.

Our aggregates business depends on the availability of aggregate reserves or deposits and our ability to mine

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them economically.

Our challenge is to find aggregate deposits that we can mine economically, with appropriate permits, near either growing markets or long-haul transportation corridors that economically serve growing markets. As communities have grown, they have taken up attractive quarrying locations and have imposed restrictions on mining. We try to meet this challenge by identifying and permitting sites prior to economic expansion, buying more land around our existing quarries to increase our mineral reserves, developing underground mines, and developing a distribution network that transports aggregates products by various transportation methods, including rail and water, that allows us to transport our products longer distances than would normally be considered economical, but we can give no assurances that we will be successful.

Our business is a capital-intensive business.

The property and machinery needed to produce our products are very expensive. Therefore, we require large amounts of cash to operate our businesses. We believe that our cash on hand, along with our projected internal cash flows and our available financing resources, will be enough to give us the cash we need to support our anticipated operating and capital needs. Our ability to generate sufficient cash flow depends on future performance, which will be subject to general economic conditions, industry cycles and financial, business, and other factors affecting our operations, many of which are beyond our control. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash to operate our business, we may be required, among other things, to further reduce or delay planned capital or operating expenditures.

Our businesses face many competitors.

Our businesses have many competitors, some of whom are bigger and have more resources than we do. Some of our competitors also operate on a worldwide basis. Our results are affected by the number of competitors in a market, the production capacity that a particular market can accommodate, the pricing practices of other competitors, and the entry of new competitors in a market. We also face competition for some of our products from alternative products. For example, our magnesia specialties business may compete with other chemical products that could be used instead of our magnesia-based products. As other examples, our aggregates business may compete with recycled asphalt and concrete products that could be used instead of new products and our cement business may compete with international competitors who are importing product to the United States with lower production and regulatory costs.

Our businesses could be impacted by rising interest rates.

As discussed previously, our operations are highly dependent upon the interest rate-sensitive construction and steelmaking industries. Therefore, business in these industries and for us may decline if interest rates rise and costs increase.

For example, demand in the residential construction market in which we sell our aggregate products is affected by interest rates. The Federal Reserve kept the federal funds rate near zero percent for the majority of 2015. The recent increase in the rate by 0.25% represented the first increase since 2008. The residential construction market accounted for 17% of our aggregates product line shipments in 2015.

Aside from these inherent risks from within our operations, our earnings are also affected by changes in short-term interest rates. However, rising interest rates are not necessarily predictive of weaker operating results. In fact, since 2007, our profitability increased when interest rates rose, based on the last twelve months

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quarterly historical net income regression versus a 10-year U.S. government bond. In essence, our underlying business generally serves as a natural hedge to rising interest rates.

Rising interest rates could also result in disruptions in the credit markets, which could affect our business, as described in greater detail under “Disruptions in the credit markets could affect our business” below.

Our future growth may depend in part on acquiring other businesses in our industry.

We expect to continue to grow, in part, by buying other businesses. We will continue to look for strategic businesses to acquire, like our acquisition of TXI in 2014. In the past, we have made acquisitions to strengthen our existing locations, expand our operations, and enter new geographic markets. We will continue to make selective acquisitions, joint ventures, or other business arrangements we believe will help our company. However, the continued success of our acquisition program will depend on our ability to find and buy other attractive businesses at a reasonable price and our ability to integrate acquired businesses into our existing operations. We cannot assume there will continue to be attractive acquisition opportunities for sale at reasonable prices that we can successfully integrate into our operations.

We may decide to pay all or part of the purchase price of any future acquisition with shares of our common stock. For example, we used our common stock in our acquisition of TXI. We may also use our stock to make strategic investments in other companies to complement and expand our operations. If we use our common stock in this way, the ownership interests of our shareholders will be diluted and the price of our stock could fall. We operate our businesses with the objective of maximizing the long-term shareholder return.

We have acquired many companies since 1995. Some of these acquisitions were more easily integrated into our existing operations and have performed as well or better than we expected, while others have not. For example, in 2015 we completed the integration of the operations of TXI, as discussed below, which was more successful than anticipated. We have sold some underperforming and other non-strategic assets, such as underperforming road paving operations in Arkansas and east Texas, which were sold in 2014, and our non-core asphalt operations in San Antonio, Texas, which were sold in 2015.

Our integration of the acquisition of or business combination with other businesses may not be as successful as we hope.

We have a successful history of business combinations and integration of these businesses into our heritage operations. Our largest business acquisition has been our business combination with TXI, which closed in July 2014. In 2015 we completed the integration of TXI’s operations into our own operations, which allowed us to achieve the synergies, cost savings, and operating efficiencies we had forecast from the TXI acquisition. In fact we completed this integration ahead of schedule and achieved even greater synergies and cost saving than the amount we originally forecast from the TXI acquisition. However, in connection with the integration of any business that we may seek to acquire, it is a risk factor that we will not be able to achieve such integration in a successful manner or on the time schedule we have projected or in a way that will achieve the level of synergies, cost savings, or operating efficiencies we have forecast from the acquisition.

Any other significant business acquisition or combination we might chose to do, like the acquisition of TXI, would require that we devote significant management attention and resources to preparing for and then integrating our business practices and operations. We believe we would be successful in this integration process. Nevertheless, we may fail to realize some of the anticipated benefits of any potential acquisition or other business combination that we might choose to pursue in the future, if the integration process takes longer

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than expected or is more costly than expected. Potential difficulties we may encounter in the integration process include:

• the inability to successfully combine operations in a manner that permits us to achieve the cost savings and revenue synergies anticipated to result from the proposed acquisition or business combination, which would result in the anticipated benefits of the acquisition or business combination not being realized partly or wholly in the time frame currently anticipated or at all;

• lost sales and customers as a result of certain customers of either the Company or former customers of the acquired or combined company deciding not to do business with the Company;

• complexities associated with managing the combined operations;

• integrating personnel;

• creation of uniform standards, internal controls, procedures, policies and information systems;

• potential unknown liabilities and unforeseen increased expenses, delays or regulatory issues associated with integrating the remaining operations; and

• performance shortfalls at business units as a result of the diversion of management attention caused by completing the remaining integration of the operations.

Aggregates-related downstream businesses have lower profit margins and can be more volatile.

For 2015, our asphalt, ready mixed concrete, and road paving businesses accounted for 33% of the net sales of our Aggregates business, up from 8% in 2011. These businesses typically provide lower profit margins (excluding freight and delivery revenues) than our aggregates product line due to potentially volatile input costs, highly competitive market dynamics, and lower barriers to entry. Therefore, as we expand these operations, our overall gross margin is likely to be adversely affected. We saw this impact our gross margin in recent years. Our overall aggregates-related downstream operations gross margin (excluding freight and delivery revenues) was 8.9% for 2015 and 2014. The overall gross margin (excluding freight and delivery revenues) of our Aggregates business will continue to be reduced by the lower gross margins for our aggregates-related downstream operations.

Short supplies and high costs of fuel, energy, and raw materials affect our businesses.

Our businesses require a continued supply of diesel fuel, natural gas, coal, petroleum coke and other energy. The financial results of these businesses have been affected by the short supply or high costs of these fuels and energy. While we can contract for some fuels and sources of energy, such as fixed-price supply contracts for coal and petroleum coke, significant increases in costs or reduced availability of these items have and may in the future reduce our financial results. Moreover, fluctuations in the supply and costs of these fuels and energy can make planning our businesses more difficult. Because of the fluctuating trends in diesel fuel prices, we enter into fixed-price fuel agreements from time to time for a portion of our diesel fuel to reduce our diesel fuel price risk. We currently have a fixed-price commitment for approximately 40% of our diesel fuel requirements at a rate of $2.20 per gallon through December 31, 2016.

To illustrate how diesel fuel price fluctuations, and other energy costs, have impacted our business, consider the recent years. In 2013 the average price we paid per gallon of diesel fuel was 4% lower than we

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paid in 2012, but the average cost of natural gas was 18% higher than 2012. Similarly, in 2014 the average price we paid per gallon of diesel fuel was 8% lower compared to 2013, but the average cost of natural gas increased 24% from 2013. Diesel fuel, which averaged $2.82 per gallon in 2014 and $2.98 per gallon in 2013, represents the single largest component of energy costs for our Aggregates business. Diesel fuel prices declined rapidly during December 2014, ending the year at a per gallon price that was 26% below the 2014 average. This trend continued in 2015, as the Company’s average price per gallon of diesel fuel in 2015 was $2.05 on 42.5 million gallons compared with $3.02 on 36.9 million gallons in 2014. Natural gas costs also declined in 2015, down 28% from the 2014 average cost.

The Company has fixed price agreements for 100% of its 2016 coal needs. The Magnesia Specialties business has fixed price agreements for the supply of a portion of its coal and natural gas needs.

Cement production requires large amounts of energy, including electricity and fossil fuels. Energy costs represented approximately 26% of the 2015 direct production costs of our Cement business. Therefore, the cost of energy is one of our largest expenses. Prices for energy are subject to market forces largely beyond our control and can be quite volatile. Price increases that we are unable to pass through in the form of price increases for our products, or disruption of the uninterrupted supply of fuel and electricity, could adversely affect us. Accordingly, volatility in energy costs can adversely affect the financial results of our Cement business. Profitability of the Cement business is also subject to kiln maintenance, which requires the plant to be shut down for a period of time as repairs are made. In 2014, the Cement business incurred shutdown costs of $13.3 million during the second half of the year. In 2015, the Cement business incurred shutdown costs of $26 million for the full year.

Similarly our aggregates-related downstream operations also require a continued supply of liquid asphalt and cement, which serve as key raw materials in the production of hot mix asphalt and ready mixed concrete, respectively. Some of these raw materials we can produce internally but most are purchased from third parties. These purchased raw materials are subject to potential supply constraints and significant price fluctuations, which are beyond our control. The financial results of our aggregates-related downstream operations have been affected by the short supply or high costs of these raw materials. We generally see frequent volatility in the costs for these raw materials. For 2014, we saw higher prices for these raw materials than 2013. This trend reversed in 2015, when we saw lower prices for these raw materials than 2014. Liquid asphalt prices may not always follow other energy products (e.g., oil or diesel fuel) because of complexities in the refining process which converts a barrel of oil into other fuels and petrochemical products.

Cement is a commodity sensitive to supply and price volatility.

Cement is a commodity, and competition is often based mainly on price, which is highly sensitive to changes in supply and demand. Prices change a lot in response to relatively minor changes in supply and demand, general economic conditions and other market conditions, which we cannot control. When cement producers increase production capacity or more cement is imported into the market, an oversupply of cement in the market may occur if supply exceeds demand. In that case cement prices generally fall. We cannot be assured that prices for our cement products sold will not decline in the future or that such decline will not have a material adverse effect on our Cement business.

Unexpected equipment failures, catastrophic events and scheduled maintenance may lead to production curtailments or shutdowns.

Our manufacturing processes are dependent upon critical pieces of equipment, such as our kilns and finishing mills. This equipment, on occasion, may be out of service as a result of unanticipated failures or

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damage during accidents. In addition to equipment failures, our facilities are also subject to the risk of catastrophic loss due to unanticipated events such as fires, explosions or violent weather conditions. We have one to two-week scheduled outages at least once a year to refurbish our cement and dolomitic lime production facilities. In 2015, the Cement business incurred shutdown costs of $26 million during the year. In 2015, the Magnesia Specialties business incurred shutdown costs of $5.1 million during the year. Any significant interruption in production capability may require us to make significant capital expenditures to remedy problems or damage as well as cause us to lose revenue due to lost production time.

Our Cement and Magnesia Specialties businesses may become capacity constrained.

If our Cement or Magnesia Specialties businesses become capacity constrained, they may be unable to satisfy on a timely basis the demand for some of their products, and any resulting changes in customers would introduce volatility to the earnings of these segments. We can address capacity needs by enhancing our manufacturing productivity, increasing the operational availability of equipment, reducing machinery down time and extending machinery useful life. Future demand for our products may require us to expand further our manufacturing capacity, particularly through the purchase of additional manufacturing equipment. However, we may not be able to increase our capacity in time to satisfy increases in demand that may occur from time to time. Capacity constraints may prevent us from satisfying customer orders and result in a loss of sales to competitors that are not capacity constrained. In addition, we may suffer excess capacity if we increase our capacity to meet actual or anticipated demand and that demand decreases or does not materialize.

Our cement business could suffer if cement imports from other countries significantly increase or are sold in the U.S. in violation of U.S. fair trade laws.

The cement industry has in the past obtained antidumping orders imposing duties on imports of cement and clinker from other countries that violated U.S. fair trade laws. Currently, an antidumping order against cement and clinker from Japan will expire in 2016 unless it is extended by the Federal Trade Commission. As has always been the case, cement operators with import facilities can purchase cement from other countries, such as those in Latin America and Asia, which could compete with domestic producers. In addition, if environmental regulations increase the costs of domestic producers compared to foreign producers that are not subject to similar regulations, imported cement could achieve a significant cost advantage over domestically produced cement. An influx of cement or clinker products from countries not subject to antidumping orders, or sales of imported cement or clinker in violation of U.S. fair trade laws, could adversely affect our cement business.

Road paving construction operations present additional risks to our business.

Our aggregates-related downstream operations also present challenges in the paving construction business where many of our contracts have penalties for late completion. In some instances, including many of our fixed price contracts, we guarantee that we will complete a project by a certain date. If we subsequently fail to complete the project as scheduled we may be held responsible for costs resulting from the delay, generally in the form of contractually agreed-upon liquidated damages. Under these circumstances, the total project cost could exceed our original estimate, and we could experience a loss of profit or a loss on the project. In our road paving construction operations we also have fixed price and fixed unit price contracts where our profits can be adversely affected by a number of factors beyond our control, which can cause our actual costs to materially exceed the costs estimated at the time or our original bid. These same issues and risks can also impact some of our contacts in our asphalt and ready mixed concrete operations. These risks are somewhat mitigated by the fact that a majority of our road paving contracts are for short duration projects.

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Changes in legal requirements and governmental policies concerning zoning, land use, the environment, and other areas of the law, and litigation relating to these matters, affect our businesses. Our operations expose us to the risk of material environmental liabilities.

Many federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to zoning, land use, the environment, health, safety, and other regulatory matters govern our operations. We take great pride in our operations and try to remain in strict compliance at all times with all applicable laws and regulations. Despite our extensive compliance efforts, risk of liabilities, particularly environmental liabilities, is inherent in the operation of our businesses, as it is with our competitors. We cannot assume that these liabilities will not negatively affect us in the future.

We are also subject to future events, including changes in existing laws or regulations or enforcement policies, or further investigation or evaluation of the potential health hazards of some of our products or business activities, which may result in additional compliance and other costs. We could be forced to invest in preventive or remedial action, like pollution control facilities, which could be substantial.

Our operations are subject to manufacturing, operating, and handling risks associated with the products we produce and the products we use in our operations, including the related storage and transportation of raw materials, products, hazardous substances, and wastes. We are exposed to hazards including storage tank leaks, explosions, discharges or releases of hazardous substances, exposure to dust, and the operation of mobile equipment and manufacturing machinery.

These risks can subject us to potentially significant liabilities relating to personal injury or death, or property damage, and may result in civil or criminal penalties, which could hurt our productivity or profitability. For example, from time to time we investigate and remediate environmental contamination relating to our prior or current operations, as well as operations we have acquired from others, and in some cases we have been or could be named as a defendant in litigation brought by governmental agencies or private parties.

We are involved from time to time in litigation and claims arising from our operations. While we do not believe the outcome of pending or threatened litigation will have a material adverse effect on our operations or our financial condition, we cannot assume that an adverse outcome in a pending or future legal action would not negatively affect us.

Labor disputes could disrupt operations of our businesses.

Labor unions represent 9.8% of the hourly employees of our aggregates business, none of the hourly employees of our cement business, and 100% of the hourly employees of our Magnesia Specialties business. Our collective bargaining agreements for employees of our magnesia specialties business at the Manistee, Michigan magnesia chemicals plant and the Woodville, Ohio lime plant expire in August 2019 and May 2018, respectively.

Disputes with our trade unions, or the inability to renew our labor agreements, could lead to strikes or other actions that could disrupt our businesses, raise costs, and reduce revenues and earnings from the affected locations. We believe we have good relations with all of our employees, including our unionized employees.

Delays or interruptions in shipping products of our businesses could affect our operations.

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Transportation logistics play an important role in allowing us to supply products to our customers, whether by truck, rail, or ship. We also rely heavily on third-party truck and rail transportation to ship coal, natural gas, and other fuels to our plants. Any significant delays, disruptions, or the non-availability of our transportation support system could negatively affect our operations. Transportation operations are subject to capacity constraints, high fuel costs and various hazards, including extreme weather conditions and slowdowns due to labor strikes and other work stoppages. In Texas, we compete for third party trucking services with operations in the oil and gas fields, which can significantly constrain the availability of those services to us. If there are material changes in the availability or cost of transportation services, we may not be able to arrange alternative and timely means to ship our products or fuels at a reasonable cost, which could lead to interruptions or slowdowns in our businesses or increases in our costs.

The availability of rail cars can also affect our ability to transport our products. Rail cars can be used to transport many different types of products across all of our segments. If owners sell or lease rail cars for use in other industries, we may not have enough rail cars to transport our products.

We have long-term agreements with shipping companies to provide ships to transport our aggregate products from our Bahamas and Nova Scotia operations to various coastal ports. These contracts have varying expiration dates ranging from 2016 to 2027 and generally contain renewal options. Our inability to renew these agreements or enter into new ones with other shipping companies could affect our ability to transport our products.

When we sold our River District operations in 2011 as part of our asset exchange with Lafarge, we sold most of our barge long-haul distribution network. As a result, we reduced our risks from distributing our products by barges, especially along the Mississippi River. We still distribute some of our product by barge along rivers in West Virginia. We may continue to experience, to a lesser degree, risks associated with distributing our products by barges, including significant delays, disruptions, or the non-availability of our barge transportation system that could negatively affect our operations, water levels that could affect our ability to transport our products by barge, and barges that may not be available in quantities that we might need from time to time to support our operations.

Our earnings are affected by the application of accounting standards and our critical accounting policies, which involve subjective judgments and estimates by our management. Our estimates and assumptions could be wrong.

The accounting standards we use in preparing our financial statements are often complex and require that we make significant estimates and assumptions in interpreting and applying those standards. We make critical estimates and assumptions involving accounting matters including our goodwill impairment testing, our expenses and cash requirements for our pension plans, our estimated income taxes, and how we account for our property, plant and equipment, and inventory. These estimates and assumptions involve matters that are inherently uncertain and require our subjective and complex judgments. If we used different estimates and assumptions or used different ways to determine these estimates, our financial results could differ.

While we believe our estimates and assumptions are appropriate, we could be wrong. Accordingly, our financial results could be different, either higher or lower. We urge you to read about our critical accounting policies in our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The adoption of new accounting standards may affect our financial results.

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The accounting standards we apply in preparing our financial statements are reviewed by regulatory bodies and are changed from time to time. New or revised accounting standards could change our financial results either positively or negatively. We urge you to read about our accounting policies in Note A of our 2015 financial statements. Additional accounting standard updates have been issued, effective January 1, 2018, that amend the accounting guidance on revenue recognition and provide a more robust framework for addressing revenue issues, improving comparability of revenue recognition practices, and improving disclosure requirements. We are currently reviewing how these new provisions will affect us. At this time we do not expect the changes to have a material impact on our financial results. New or revised accounting standards could change our financial results either positively or negatively.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and other related rules and regulations, have increased the scope, complexity, and cost of corporate governance. Reports from the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board’s (“PCAOB”) inspections of public accounting firms continue to outline findings and recommendations which could require these firms to perform additional work as part of their financial statement audits. The Company’s costs to respond to these additional requirements and exposure to adverse findings by the PCAOB of the work performed may increase as to internal controls.

We depend on the recruitment and retention of qualified personnel, and our failure to attract and retain such personnel could affect our business.

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued services of our key personnel and executive officers. Our prospects depend upon our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel for our operations. Competition for personnel is intense, and we may not be successful in attracting or retaining qualified personnel, which could negatively affect our business.

Disruptions in the credit markets could affect our business.

We have considered the current economic environment and its potential impact to the Company’s business. Demand for aggregates products, particularly in the infrastructure construction market, has already been negatively affected by federal and state budget and deficit issues and the uncertainty over future highway funding levels, until the recent enactment of a new federal highway bill. Further, delays or cancellations to capital projects in the nonresidential and residential construction markets could occur if companies and consumers are unable to obtain financing for construction projects or if consumer confidence continues to be eroded by economic uncertainty.

A recessionary construction economy can also increase the likelihood we will not be able to collect on all of our accounts receivable with our customers. We are protected in part, however, by payment bonds posted by many of our customers or end-users. Nevertheless, we experienced a delay in payment from some of our customers during the construction downturn, which can negatively affect operating cash flows. Historically, our bad debt write-offs have not been significant to our operating results, and, although the amount of our bad debt write-offs has increased, we believe our allowance for doubtful accounts is adequate.

The credit environment could impact the Company’s ability to borrow money in the future. Additional financing or refinancing might not be available and, if available, may not be at economically favorable terms. Further, an increase in leverage could lead to deterioration in our credit ratings. A reduction in our credit ratings, regardless of the cause, could also limit our ability to obtain additional financing and/or increase our

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cost of obtaining financing. There is no guarantee we will be able to access the capital markets at financially economical interest rates, which could negatively affect our business.

We may be required to obtain financing in order to fund certain strategic acquisitions, if they arise, or to refinance our outstanding debt. Any large strategic acquisition would require that we issue both newly issued equity and debt securities, like we did with the acquisition of TXI, in order to maintain our investment grade credit rating and could result in a ratings downgrade notwithstanding our issuance of equity securities to fund the transaction. We are also exposed to risks from tightening credit markets, through the interest payable on our outstanding debt and the interest cost on our commercial paper program, to the extent it is available to us. While management believes our credit ratings will remain at a composite investment-grade level, we cannot be assured these ratings will remain at those levels. While management believes the Company will continue to have credit available to it adequate to meet its needs, there can be no assurance of that.

Our Magnesia Specialties business depends in part on the steel industry and the supply of reasonably priced fuels.

Our Magnesia Specialties business sells some of its products to companies in the steel industry. While we have reduced this risk over the last few years, this business is still dependent, in part, on the strength of the cyclical steel industry. The Magnesia Specialties business also requires significant amounts of natural gas, coal, and petroleum coke, and financial results are negatively affected by increases in fuel prices or shortages.

Our Magnesia Specialties business faces currency risks from its overseas operations.

Our Magnesia Specialties business sells some of its products to companies located outside the United States. Approximately 13.3% of the revenues of the Magnesia Specialties business in 2015 were from foreign jurisdictions, principally Canada, Mexico, Europe, South America, and the Pacific Rim, but no single foreign county accounted for 10% or more of the revenues of the business. Therefore the operations of the Magnesia Specialties business are affected from time to time by the fluctuating values of the currency exchange rates of the countries in which it does business in relation to the value of the U.S. Dollar. The business tries to mitigate the short-term effects of currency exchange rates by using the U.S. Dollar as its functional currency in foreign transactions. This still leaves the business subject to certain risks, depending on the strength of the U.S. Dollar. In 2015, the strength of the U.S. Dollar in foreign markets negatively affected the overall price of the products of the Magnesia Specialties business when compared to foreign-domiciled competitors.

Our acquisitions could harm our results of operations.

In pursuing our business strategy, we conduct discussions, evaluate opportunities, and enter into acquisition agreements. Acquisitions involve significant challenges and risks, including risks that:

• We may not realize a satisfactory return on the investment we make;

• We may not be able to retain key personnel of the acquired business;

• We may experience difficulty in integrating new employees, business systems, and technology;

• Our due diligence process may not identify compliance issues or other liabilities that are in existence at the time of our acquisition;

• We may have difficulty entering into new geographic markets in which we are not experienced; or

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• We may be unable to retain the customers and partners of acquired businesses following the acquisition.

Our articles of incorporation, bylaws, and shareholder rights plan and North Carolina law may inhibit a change in control that you may favor.

Our restated articles of incorporation and restated bylaws, shareholder rights plan, and North Carolina law contain provisions that may delay, deter or inhibit a future acquisition of us not approved by our Board of Directors. This could occur even if our shareholders are offered an attractive value for their shares or if many or even a majority of our shareholders believe the takeover is in their best interest. These provisions are intended to encourage any person interested in acquiring us to negotiate with and obtain the approval of our Board of Directors in connection with the transaction. Provisions that could delay, deter, or inhibit a future acquisition include the following:

• a classified Board of Directors;

• the ability of the Board of Directors to establish the terms of, and issue, preferred stock without shareholder approval;

• the requirement that our shareholders may only remove directors for cause;

• the inability of shareholders to call special meetings of shareholders; and

• super majority shareholder approval requirements for business combination transactions with certain five percent shareholders.

In addition, we have in place a shareholder rights plan that will trigger a dilutive issuance of common stock upon acquisitions of our common stock by a third party above a threshold that are not approved by the Board of Directors. Additionally, the occurrence of certain change of control events could result in an event of default under certain of our existing or future debt instruments.

Changes in our effective income tax rate may harm our results of operations.

A number of factors may increase our future effective income tax rate, including:

• Governmental authorities increasing taxes or eliminating deductions, particularly the depletion deduction;

• The jurisdictions in which earnings are taxed;

• The resolution of issues arising from tax audits with various tax authorities;

• Changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities;

• Adjustments to estimated taxes upon finalization of various tax returns;

• Changes in available tax credits;

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• Changes in stock-based compensation;

• Other changes in tax laws, and

• The interpretation of tax laws and/or administrative practices.

Any significant increase in our future effective income tax rate could reduce net earnings for future periods.

We are dependent on information technology and our systems and infrastructure face certain risks, including cybersecurity risks and data leakage risks.

We are dependent on information technology systems and infrastructure. Any significant breakdown, invasion, destruction or interruption of these systems by employees, others with authorized access to our systems, or unauthorized persons could negatively impact operations. There is also a risk that we could experience a business interruption, theft of information, or reputational damage as a result of a cyber-attack, such as an infiltration of a data center, or data leakage of confidential information either internally or at our third-party providers. While we have invested in the protection of our data and information technology to reduce these risks and routinely test the security of our information systems network, there can be no assurance that our efforts will prevent breakdowns or breaches in our systems that could adversely affect our business.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

There are no unresolved written comments that were received from the staff of the SEC one hundred and eighty (180) days or more before the end of our fiscal year relating to our periodic or current reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Aggregates Business

As of December 31, 2015, the Company processed or shipped aggregates from 272 quarries, underground mines, and distribution yards in 26 states, Canada, and the Bahamas, of which 109 are located on land owned by the Company free of major encumbrances, 57 are on land owned in part and leased in part, 99 are on leased land, and 7 are on facilities neither owned nor leased, where raw materials are removed under an agreement. The Company’s aggregates reserves, on the average, exceed 60 years based on normalized levels of production, and exceed 100 years at current production rates. However, certain locations may be subject to more limited reserves and may not be able to expand. In addition, as of December 31, 2015, the Company processed and shipped ready mixed concrete and/or asphalt products from 131 properties in 5 states, of which 109 are located on land owned by the Company free of major encumbrances, 1 is on land owned in part and leased in part, 20 are on leased land, and 1 is on a facility neither owned or leased, where product is sold under an agreement.

The Company uses various drilling methods, depending on the type of aggregate, to estimate aggregates reserves that are economically mineable. The extent of drilling varies and depends on whether the location is a potential new site (greensite), an existing location, or a potential acquisition. More extensive drilling is performed for potential greensites and acquisitions, and in rare cases, the Company may rely on existing geological data or results of prior drilling by third parties. Subsequent to drilling, selected core samples are

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tested for soundness, abrasion resistance, and other physical properties relevant to the aggregates industry. If the reserves meet the Company’s standards and are economically mineable, then they are either leased or purchased.

The Company estimates proven and probable reserves based on the results of drilling. Proven reserves are reserves of deposits designated using closely spaced drill data, and based on that data the reserves are believed to be relatively homogenous. Proven reserves have a certainty of 85% to 90%. Probable reserves are reserves that are inferred utilizing fewer drill holes and/or assumptions about the economically mineable reserves based on local geology or drill results from adjacent properties. The degree of certainty for probable reserves is 70% to 75%. In determining the amount of reserves, the Company’s policy is to not include calculations that exceed certain depths, so for deposits, such as granite, that typically continue to depths well below the ground, there may be additional deposits that are not included in the reserve calculations. The Company also deducts reserves not available due to property boundaries, set-backs, and plant configurations, as deemed appropriate when estimating reserves. The Company uses the same methods of analysis to evaluate and estimate the amount of its aggregates reserves used in the cement manufacturing process for its Cement business as it does for its Aggregates business. For additional information on the Company’s assessment of reserves, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Other Financial Information - Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates- Property, Plant and Equipment” under Item 7 of this Form 10-K and the 2015 Annual Report for discussion of reserves evaluation by the Company.

Set forth in the tables below are the Company’s estimates of reserves of recoverable aggregates of suitable quality for economic extraction, shown on a state-by-state basis, and the Company’s total annual production for the last 3 years, along with the Company’s estimate of years of production available, shown on a segment-by-segment basis. The number of producing quarries shown on the table includes underground mines. The Company’s reserve estimates for the last 2 years are shown for comparison purposes on a state-by-state basis. The changes in reserve estimates at a particular state level from year to year reflect the tonnages of reserves on locations that have been opened or closed during the year, whether by acquisition, disposition, or otherwise; production and sales in the normal course of business; additional reserve estimates or refinements of the Company’s existing reserve estimates; opening of additional reserves at existing locations; the depletion of reserves at existing locations; and other factors. The Company evaluates its reserve estimates primarily on a Company-wide, or segment-by-segment basis, and does not believe comparisons of changes in reserve estimates on a state-by-state basis from year to year are particularly meaningful. The Company’s estimate of reserves shown in the tables below include reserves used in the Company’s Cement and Magnesia Specialties businesses.

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	Number of Producing Quarries		Tonnage of Reserves for each general type of aggregate at 12/31/14 (Add 000)				Tonnage of Reserves for each general type of aggregate at 12/31/15 (Add 000)				Change in Tonnage from 2014 (Add 000)						Percentage of aggregate reserves located at an existing quarry, and reserves not located at an existing quarry.						Percentage of aggregate reserves on land that has not been zoned for quarrying.* **			Percent of reserves owned and percent leased
State	2015		Hard Rock		S & G		Hard Rock		S & G		Hard Rock			S & G			At Quarry			Not at Quarry						Owned			Leased
Alabama		4		130,199		12,110		128,775		12,110		(1,424	)		0			100	%		0	%		0	%		14	%		86	%
Arkansas		3		238,844				223,382				(15,462	)		0			100	%		0	%		0	%		49	%		51	%
California		0		329,392								(329,392	)		0
Colorado		8		107,562		87,575		139,872		65,698		32,310			(21,877	)		94	%		6	%		0	%		99	%		1	%
Florida		1		252,614				208,805				(43,809	)		0			100	%		0	%		0	%		0	%		100	%
Georgia		15		2,144,817				2,154,134				9,317			0			95	%		5	%		0	%		81	%		19	%
Indiana		10		501,461		52,450		496,257		51,030		(5,204	)		(1,420	)		100	%		0	%		0	%		37	%		63	%
Iowa		29		688,783		38,983		761,927		20,495		73,144			(18,488	)		100	%		0	%		0	%		28	%		72	%
Kansas		4		99,859				80,757				(19,102	)		0			100	%		0	%		8	%		35	%		65	%
Kentucky		1				24,891				24,891		0			0			100	%		0	%		0	%		0	%		100	%
Louisiana		3				8,902				9,091		0			189			100	%		0	%		0	%		1	%		99	%
Maryland		2		135,006				133,980				(1,026	)		0			100	%		0	%		0	%		100	%		0	%
Minnesota		2		420,116				328,352				(91,764	)		0			68	%		32	%		0	%		63	%		37	%
Mississippi		0				67,210				67,238		0			28			100	%		0	%		0	%		100	%		0	%
Missouri		4		416,034				412,034				(4,000	)		0			89	%		11	%		0	%		17	%		83	%
Montana		0		50,000				48,807				(1,193	)		0			100	%		0	%		0	%		100	%		0	%
Nebraska		3		185,498				181,196				(4,302	)		0			100	%		0	%		0	%		51	%		49	%
Nevada		1		138,662				136,871				(1,791	)		0			100	%		0	%		0	%		90	%		10	%
North Carolina		38		3,452,099				3,491,412				39,313			0			82	%		18	%		0	%		60	%		40	%
Ohio ***		12		722,920		120,161		558,169		128,998		(164,751	)		8,837			47	%		53	%		0	%		97	%		3	%
Oklahoma		9		1,214,840		14,023		1,226,101		13,534		11,261			(489	)		100	%		0	%		0	%		90	%		10	%
South Carolina		6		517,472		29,110		513,002		28,746		(4,470	)		(364	)		100	%		0	%		0	%		15	%		85	%
Tennessee		1		36,389				35,938				(451	)		0			100	%		0	%		0	%		100	%		0	%
Texas ****		26		2,367,460		144,067		2,305,251		141,872		(62,209	)		(2,195	)		100	%		0	%		0	%		58	%		42	%
Utah		1		24,514				23,888				(626	)		0			100	%		0	%		0	%		0	%		100	%
Virginia		4		350,113				344,298				(5,815	)		0			84	%		16	%		0	%		73	%		27	%
Washington		3		40,806				22,051				(18,755	)		0			66	%		34	%		0	%		68	%		32	%
West Virginia		2		45,352				44,718				(634	)		0			43	%		57	%		0	%		85	%		15	%
Wyoming		2		148,162				159,866				11,704			0			100	%		0	%		0	%		40	%		60	%
U. S. Total		194		14,758,974		599,482		14,159,843		563,703		(599,131	)		(35,779	)		92	%		8	%		0	%		55	%		45	%
Non-U. S.		2		867,914		0		861,420		0		(6,494	)		0			100	%		0	%		0	%		100	%		0	%
Grand Total		196		15,626,888		599,482		15,021,263		563,703		(605,625	)		(35,779	)

* The Company calculates its aggregate reserves for purposes of this table based on land that has been zoned for quarrying and land for which the Company has determined zoning is not required.

** The Company may own additional land adjacent or near existing quarries on which reserves may be located but does not include such reserves in these calculations if zoning is required but has not been obtained.

*** The Company’s reserves presented in the State of Ohio include dolomitic limestone reserves used in the business of the Magnesia Specialties segement.

**** The Company’s reserves presented in the State of Texas include limestone reserves used in the business of the Cement segment.

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	Total Annual Production (in tons) (add 000) For year ended December 31						Number of years of production available at December 31, 2015
Reportable Segment*	2015		2014		2013
Mid-America Group		62,846		59,785		57,529		114.7
Southeast Group		21,148		18,932		17,275		164.0
West Group		69,223		62,579		53,395		70.9
Total Aggregates Business		153,217		141,296		128,199		101.7

* Prior year segment information has been reclassified to conform to the presentation of the Company’s current reportable segments.

Cement Business

As of December 31, 2015, the Company, through its subsidiaries, processed or shipped cement from 6 properties in 1 state, of which 5 are located on land owned by the Company free of major encumbrances and 1 is on leased land. The Company’s Cement business has production facilities located at two sites in Texas: Midlothian, Texas, south of Dallas/Fort Worth; Hunter, Texas, north of San Antonio. The following table summarizes certain information about the Company’s cement manufacturing facilities at December 31, 2015:

Plant	Rated Annual Productive Capacity-Tons of Clinker		Manufacturing Process		Service Date	Internally Estimated Minimum Reserves—Years
Midlothian, TX		2,200,000		Dry	2001		52
Hunter, TX		2,250,000		Dry	2013 and 1981		140
Total		4,450,000

Reserves identified with the facilities shown above are contained on approximately 2,844 acres of land owned by the Company. As of December 31, 2015, the Company estimated its total proven and probable limestone reserves on such land to be approximately 701 million tons.

The Company’s cement manufacturing facilities include kilns, crushers, pre-heaters/calciners, coolers, finish mills and other equipment used to process limestone and other raw materials into cement, as well as equipment used to extract and transport the limestone from the adjacent quarries. These cement manufacturing facilities are served by rail and truck.

As of December 31, 2015, the Company, through its subsidiaries, also operated 3 cement distribution terminals and owned the real estate at the California cement grinding and packaging facility it sold on September 30, 2015, which it expects to sell for non-cement use.

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Magnesia Specialties Business

The Magnesia Specialties business currently operates major manufacturing facilities in Manistee, Michigan, and Woodville, Ohio. Both of these facilities are owned.

Other Properties

The Company’s principal corporate office, which it owns, is located in Raleigh, North Carolina. The Company owns and leases various administrative offices for its five reportable business segments.

Condition and Utilization

The Company’s principal properties, which are of varying ages and are of different construction types, are believed to be generally in good condition, are generally well maintained, and are generally suitable and adequate for the purposes for which they are used.

During 2015, the principal properties of the Aggregates business were believed to be utilized at average productive capacities of approximately 65% and were capable of supporting a higher level of market demand. However, during the economic recession, the Company adjusted its production schedules to meet reduced demand for its products. For example, the Company has reduced operating hours at a number of its facilities, closed some of its facilities, and temporarily idled some of its facilities. In 2015, the Company’s Aggregates business operated at a level significantly below capacity, which restricted the Company’s ability to capitalize $36.7 million of costs that could have been inventoried under normal operating conditions. If demand does not improve over the near term, such reductions and temporary idling could continue. The Company expects, however, as the economy continues to recover, it will be able to resume production at its normalized levels and increase production again as demand for its products increases.

During 2015 the Texas cement plants were operating on average at 70 percent utilization. The Company divested of the California cement plant in 2015. The Portland Cement Association (“PCA”) forecasts a 2.5% increase in demand in Texas in 2016 over 2015. The Cement business’ leadership, in collaboration with the aggregates and ready mixed concrete teams, have developed strategic plans regarding interplant efficiencies, as well as tactical plans addressing plant utilization and efficiency and a road map for significantly improved profitability for 2016 and beyond. Due to the 24/7/365 nature of cement operations, significant gains in plant utilization and efficiency are typically achieved only during plant shutdowns.

The Company expects future organic growth to result from increased pricing, rationalization of the current product portfolio and/or further cost reductions. In the current operating environment where steel utilization is at levels close to or below 70% and the strength of the United States dollar pressures product competitiveness in international markets, any unplanned change in costs or customers introduces volatility to the earnings of the Magnesia Specialties segment.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time claims of various types are asserted against the Company arising out of its operations in the normal course of business, including claims relating to land use and permits, safety, health, and environmental matters (such as noise abatement, blasting, vibrations, air emissions, and water discharges). Such matters are subject to many uncertainties, and it is not possible to determine the probable outcome of, or the amount of liability, if any, from, these matters. In the opinion of management of the Company (which opinion is based in part upon consideration of the opinion of counsel), based upon currently-available facts, it is remote that the ultimate outcome of any litigation and other proceedings will have a material adverse effect on the overall results of the Company’s operations, its cash flows, or its financial condition. However, there can be no assurance that an adverse outcome in any of such litigation would not have a material adverse effect on the Company or its operating segments.

The Company was not required to pay any penalties in 2015 for failure to disclose certain “reportable transactions” under Section 6707A of the Internal Revenue Code.

See also “Note N: Commitments and Contingencies” of the “Notes to Financial Statements” of the 2015 Financial Statements included under Item 8 of this Form 10-K and the 2015 Annual Report and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Environmental Regulation and Litigation” under Item 7 of this Form 10-K and the 2015 Annual Report.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

The information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K (17 CFR 229.104) is included in Exhibit 95 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

The following sets forth certain information regarding the executive officers of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. as of February 12, 2016:

Name	Age	Present Position	Year Assumed Present Position	Other Positions and Other Business Experience Within the Last Five Years
C. Howard Nye	53	Chairman of the Board;	2014
		Chief Executive Officer;	2010
		President;	2006
		President of Aggregates	2010
		Business;
		Chairman of Magnesia	2007
		Specialties Business
Anne H. Lloyd	54	Executive Vice President;	2009	Treasurer (2006-2013)
		Chief Financial Officer	2005
Roselyn R. Bar	57	Executive Vice President;	2015	Senior Vice President (2005-2015)
		General Counsel;	2001
		Corporate Secretary	1997
Dana F. Guzzo	50	Senior Vice President;	2011	Chief Information Officer (2011-2015)
		Chief Accounting Officer;	2006
		Controller	2005
Donald A. McCunniff	58	Senior Vice President, Human Resources	2011
Daniel L. Grant	61	Senior Vice President, Strategy & Development	2013	Senior Vice President, Strategy & Development, Lehigh Hanson, Inc., a producer of construction materials, and a subsidiary of Heidelberg Cement (1995-2013)

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information, Holders, and Dividends

The Company’s Common Stock, $.01 par value, is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) (Symbol: MLM). Information concerning stock prices and dividends paid is included under the caption “Quarterly Performance (Unaudited)” of the 2015 Annual Report, and that information is incorporated herein by reference. There were 1,054 holders of record of the Company’s Common Stock as of February 12, 2016.

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Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1)		Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
October 1, 2015 – October 31, 2014		0	$	—		0		18,412,706
November 1, 2015 – November 30, 2015		1,000,806	$	157.73		1,000,806		17,411,900
December 1, 2015 – December 31, 2015		697,280	$	149.77		697,280		16,714,620
Total		1,698,086	$	154.46		1,698,086		16,714,620

(1) The Company’s initial stock repurchase program, which authorized the repurchase of 2.5 million shares of common stock, was announced in a press release dated May 6, 1994, and has been updated as appropriate. The program does not have an expiration date. The Company announced in a press release dated February 22, 2006 that its Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of an additional 5 million shares of common stock. The Company announced in a press release dated August 15, 2007 that its Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of an additional 5 million shares of common stock. The Company announced in a press release dated February 10, 2015 that its Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of an additional 15 million shares of common stock, for a total repurchase authorization of 20 million shares.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The information required in response to this Item 6 is included under the caption “Five Year Summary” of the 2015 Annual Report, and that information is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The information required in response to this Item 7 is included under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the 2015 Annual Report, and that information is incorporated herein by reference, except that the information contained under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Outlook 2016” in the 2015 Annual Report is not incorporated herein by reference.

44

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The information required in response to this Item 7A is included under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of the 2015 Annual Report, and that information is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The information required in response to this Item 8 is included under the caption “Consolidated Statements of Earnings,” “Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings,” “Consolidated Balance Sheets,” “Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows,” “Consolidated Statements of Total Equity,” “Notes to Financial Statements,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and “Quarterly Performance (Unaudited)” of the 2015 Annual Report, and that information is incorporated herein by reference, except that the information contained under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Outlook 2016” in the 2015 Annual Report is not incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

As of December 31, 2015, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that all material information required to be disclosed is made known to them in a timely manner as of December 31, 2015 and further concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective in providing reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles as of December 31, 2015. There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the most recently completed fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

45

The foregoing evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures was based on the definition in Exchange Act Rule 13A-15(e), which requires that disclosure controls and procedures are effectively designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits with the SEC under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that the Company’s control system will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

The Company’s management has issued its annual statement of financial responsibility and report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, which included management’s assessment that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective at December 31, 2015. The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm has issued an attestation report that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective at December 31, 2015. Management’s report on the Company’s internal controls and the attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm are included in the 2015 Financial Statements, included under Item 8 of this Form 10-K and the 2015 Annual Report. See also “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Internal Control and Accounting and Reporting Risk” under Item 7 of this Form 10-K and the 2015 Annual Report.

Included among the Exhibits to this Form 10-K are forms of “Certifications” of the Company’s CEO and CFO as required in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Section 302 Certification”). The Section 302 Certifications refer to this evaluation of the Company’s disclosure policies and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. The information in this section should be read in conjunction with the Section 302 Certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.

PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information concerning directors of the Company, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, and the Audit Committee financial expert serving on the Audit Committee, all as required in response to this Item 10, is included under the captions “Corporate Governance Matters” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the close of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 (the “2016 Proxy Statement”), and that information is hereby incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K. Information concerning executive officers of the Company required in response to this Item 10 is included in Part I, under the heading “Executive Officers of the Registrant,” of this Form 10-K. The information concerning the Company’s code of ethics required in response to this Item 10 is included in Part I, under the heading “Available Information,” of this Form 10-K.

47

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required in response to this Item 11 is included under the captions “Executive Compensation,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Corporate Governance Matters,” “Management Development and Compensation Committee Report,” and “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in the Company’s 2016 Proxy Statement, and that information is hereby incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required in response to this Item 12 is included under the captions “General Information,” “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management,” and “Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans” in the Company’s 2016 Proxy Statement, and that information is hereby incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required in response to this Item 13 is included under the captions “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation in Compensation Decisions” and “Corporate Governance Matters” in the Company’s 2016 Proxy Statement, and that information is hereby incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required in response to this Item 14 is included under the caption “Independent Auditors” in the Company’s 2016 Proxy Statement, and that information is hereby incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K.

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) (1) List of financial statements filed as part of this Form 10-K.

48

The following consolidated financial statements of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and consolidated subsidiaries, included in the 2015 Annual Report and incorporated by reference under Item 8 of this Form 10-K:

Consolidated Statements of Earnings—

for years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings—

for years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013

Consolidated Balance Sheets—

at December 31, 2015 and 2014

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—

for years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013

Consolidated Statements of Total Equity—

for years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013

Notes to Financial Statements

(2) List of financial statement schedules filed as part of this Form 10-K

The following financial statement schedule of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and consolidated subsidiaries is included in Item 15(c) of this Form 10-K.

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

All other schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable, not required, or the information has been otherwise supplied in the financial statements or notes to the financial statements.

The report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the above-referenced financial statements is included in the 2015 Annual Report, and that report is hereby incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K. The report on the financial statement schedule and the consent of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm are attached as Exhibit 23.01 to this Form 10-K.

(3) Exhibits

The list of Exhibits on the accompanying Index of Exhibits included in Item 15(b) of this Form 10-K is hereby incorporated by reference. Each management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit is indicated by asterisks.

(b) Index of Exhibits

49

Exhibit No.
3.01	—Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013) (Commission File No. 1-12744))
3.02	—Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 22, 2015) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
4.01	—Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. registration statement on Form S-1 (SEC Registration No. 33-72648)
4.02	—Articles 2 and 8 of the Company’s Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.02 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
4.03	—Article 1 of the Company’s Restated Bylaws, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on November 10, 2011) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
4.04	—Indenture dated as of December 1, 1995 between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and First Union National Bank of North Carolina (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a) to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. registration statement on Form S-3 (SEC Registration No. 33-99082))
4.05	—Form of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. 7% Debenture due 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a)(i) to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. registration statement on Form S-3 (SEC Registration No. 33-99082))
4.06	—Indenture dated as of April 30, 2007 between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and Branch Banking and Trust Company, Inc., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 30, 2007 (Commission File No. 1-12744))
4.07	—Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 30, 2007, between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and Branch Banking and Trust Company, Inc., as trustee, to that certain Indenture dated as of April 30, 2007 between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and Branch Banking and Trust Company, Inc., as trustee, pursuant to which were issued $250,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 6  1⁄4% Senior Notes due 2037 of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 30, 2007 (Commission File No. 1-12744))
4.08	—Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 21, 2008, between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and Branch Banking and Trust Company, Inc., as trustee, to that certain Indenture dated as of April 30, 2007 between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and Branch Banking and Trust Company, Inc., as trustee, pursuant to which were issued $300,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 6.60% Senior Notes due 2018 of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 21, 2008 (Commission File No. 1-12744))
4.09	—Rights Agreement, dated as of September 27, 2006, by and between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent, which includes the Form of Articles of Amendment With Respect to the Junior Participating Class B Preferred Stock of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., as Exhibit A, and the Form of Rights Certificate, as Exhibit B (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 28, 2006) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
4.10	—Purchase Agreement dated as of June 23, 2014 among Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as representatives of the

50

	several initial purchasers named in Schedule 1 thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 24, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
4.11	—Indenture, dated as of July 2, 2014, between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and Regions Bank, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 2, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
4.12	—Form of Floating Rate Senior Notes due 2017 (included in Exhibit 4.10)
4.13	—Form of 4.250% Senior Notes due 2024 (included in Exhibit 4.10)
4.14	—Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 2, 2014, among Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as representatives of the Initial Purchasers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 2, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
10.01	—$600,000,000 Credit Agreement dated as of November 29, 2013 among Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Branch Banking and Trust Company, and SunTrust Bank, as Co-Syndication Agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 5, 2013) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
10.02	— Credit and Security Agreement dated as of April 19, 2013, among Martin Marietta Funding LLC, as borrower, Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., as servicer, and SunTrust Bank, as lender together with the other lenders from time to time party thereto, and SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent for the lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 24, 2013) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
10.03	—Commitment Letter dated as of June 20, 2014 to the Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of April 19, 2013 (as last amended April 18, 2014), among Martin Marietta Funding LLC, as borrower, Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., as servicer, and SunTrust Bank, as lender together with the other lenders from time to time party thereto, and SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent for the lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 25, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
10.04	—First Amendment dated as of June 23, 2014 to the Credit Agreement dated as of November 29, 2013, among Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., the lenders listed therein and J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 25, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
10.05	—Second Amendment to Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of April 18, 2014, among Martin Marietta Funding LLC, as borrower, Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., as servicer, and SunTrust Bank, as lender together with the other lenders from time to time party thereto, and SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent for the lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 24, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
10.06	—Fifth Amendment to Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2014, among Martin Marietta Funding LLC, as borrower, Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., as servicer, and SunTrust Bank, as lender together with the other lenders from time to time party thereto, and SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent for the lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
10.07	—Purchase and Contribution Agreement dated as of April 19, 2013, between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., as seller and as servicer, and Martin Marietta Funding LLC, as buyer

51

	(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 24, 2013) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
10.08	—Form of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Third Amended and Restated Employment Protection Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 19, 2008) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.09	—Amended and Restated Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Common Stock Purchase Plan for Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.05 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.10	—Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended and Restated Executive Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.05 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.11	—Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Incentive Stock Plan, as Amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.06 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.12	—Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended and Restated Stock-Based Award Plan dated April 3, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.13	—Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended Omnibus Securities Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.14	—Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Third Amended and Restated Supplemental Excess Retirement Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.15	—Form of Option Award Agreement under the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended and Restated Stock-Based Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.16	—Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended and Restated Stock-Based Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2009) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.17	—Form of Amendment to the Stock Unit Agreement under the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended and Restated Stock-Based Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.18	—Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Directors under the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended and Restated Stock-Based Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.19	—Form of Special Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended and Restated Stock-Based Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.20	—Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement under the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended and Restated Stock-Based Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20

52

	to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
*12.01	—Computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges for the year ended December 31, 2015
*13.01	—Excerpts from Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. 2015 Annual Report to Shareholders, portions of which are incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K. Those portions of the 2015 Annual Report to Shareholders that are not incorporated by reference shall not be deemed to be “filed” as part of this report.
*21.01	—List of subsidiaries of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc.
*23.01	—Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and consolidated subsidiaries
*24.01	—Powers of Attorney (included in this Form 10-K immediately following Signatures)
*31.01	—Certification dated February 23, 2016 of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, rule 13a-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
*31.02	—Certification dated February 23, 2016 of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, rule 13a-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
*32.01	—Certification dated February 23, 2016 of Chief Executive Officer required by 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
*32.02	—Certification dated February 23, 2016 of Chief Financial Officer required by 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
*95	—Mine Safety Disclosure Exhibit
*101.INS	—XBRL Instance Document
*101.SCH	—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
*101.CAL	—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
*101.LAB	—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
*101.PRE	—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
*101.DEF	—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

Other material incorporated by reference:

Martin Marietta Materials, Inc.’s 2016 Proxy Statement filed pursuant to Regulation 14A, portions of which are incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K. Those portions of the 2016 Proxy Statement which are not incorporated by reference shall not be deemed to be “filed” as part of this report.

* Filed herewith

** Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 14(c) of Form 10-K

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(c) Financial Statement Schedule

SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

MARTIN MARIETTA MATERIALS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Col A	Col B		Col C					Col D			Col E
			Additions
Description	Balance at beginning of period		(1) Charged to costs and expenses		(2) Charged to other accounts— describe			Deductions- describe			Balance at end of period
(Amounts in Thousands)
Year ended December 31, 2015
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	4,077	$	2,863				$	—			6,940
Allowance for uncollectible notes receivable		1,486		—		—			901	(a)		585
Inventory valuation allowance		119,189		13,365		1,400	(c)		3,370	(d)		130,584
Year ended December 31, 2014
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	4,081	$	—	$	—		$	4	(a)	$	4,077
Allowance for uncollectible notes receivable		809		—		1,103	(b)		426	(a)		1,486
Inventory valuation allowance		99,026		11,762		9,942	(c)		1,541	(d)		119,189
Year ended December 31, 2013
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	6,069	$	—	$	—		$	1,988	(a)	$	4,081
Allowance for uncollectible notes receivable		440		369		—			—			809
Inventory valuation allowance		96,817		1,165		1,044	(c)		—			99,026

(a) Write off of uncollectible accounts and change in estimates.

(b) Application of reserves to acquired notes receivable.

(c) Application of reserve policy to acquired inventories.

(d) Divestitures.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

MARTIN MARIETTA MATERIALS, INC.
	By:	/s/ Roselyn R. Bar
	Roselyn R. Bar
	Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary

Dated: February 23, 2016

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below appoints Roselyn R. Bar and M. Guy Brooks, III, jointly and severally, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact, each with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact, jointly and severally, full power and authority to do and perform each in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact, jointly and severally, or their or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

55

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ C. Howard Nye	Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer	February 18, 2016
C. Howard Nye
/s/ Anne H. Lloyd	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	February 18, 2016
Anne H. Lloyd
/s/ Dana F. Guzzo	Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller	February 18, 2016
Dana F. Guzzo
/s/ Sue W. Cole	Director	February 18, 2016
Sue W. Cole
/s/ David G. Maffucci	Director	February 18, 2016
David G. Maffucci
/s/ William E. McDonald	Director	February 18, 2016
William E. McDonald
/s/ Frank H. Menaker, Jr.	Director	February 18, 2016
Frank H. Menaker, Jr.
/s/ Laree E. Perez	Director	February 18, 2016
Laree E. Perez
/s/ Michael J. Quillen	Director	February 18, 2016
Michael J. Quillen
/s/ Dennis L. Rediker	Director	February 18, 2016
Dennis L. Rediker
/s/ Richard A. Vinroot	Director	February 18, 2016
Richard A. Vinroot
/s/ Stephen P. Zelnak, Jr.	Director	February 18, 2016
Stephen P. Zelnak, Jr.

56

EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.
3.01	—Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
3.02	—Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 22, 2015) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
4.01	—Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. registration statement on Form S-1 (SEC Registration No. 33-72648))
4.02	—Articles 2 and 8 of the Company’s Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.02 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
4.03	—Article 1 of the Company’s Restated Bylaws, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on November 10, 2011) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
4.04	—Indenture dated as of December 1, 1995 between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and First Union National Bank of North Carolina (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a) to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. registration statement on Form S-3 (SEC Registration No. 33-99082))
4.05	—Form of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. 7% Debenture due 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a)(i) to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. registration statement on Form S-3 (SEC Registration No. 33-99082))
4.06	—Indenture dated as of April 30, 2007 between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and Branch Banking and Trust Company, Inc., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 30, 2007 (Commission File No. 1-12744))
4.07	—Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 30, 2007, between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and Branch Banking and Trust Company, Inc., as trustee, to that certain Indenture dated as of April 30, 2007 between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and Branch Banking and Trust Company, Inc., as trustee, pursuant to which were issued $250,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 6  1⁄4% Senior Notes due 2037 of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 30, 2007 (Commission File No. 1-12744))
4.08	—Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 21, 2008, between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and Branch Banking and Trust Company, Inc., as trustee, to that certain Indenture dated as of April 30, 2007 between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and Branch Banking and Trust Company, Inc., as trustee, pursuant to which were issued $300,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 6.60% Senior Notes due 2018 of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 21, 2008 (Commission File No. 1-12744))
4.09	—Rights Agreement, dated as of September 27, 2006, by and between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent, which includes the Form of Articles of Amendment With Respect to the Junior Participating Class B Preferred Stock of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., as Exhibit A,

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	and the Form of Rights Certificate, as Exhibit B (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 28, 2006) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
4.10	—Purchase Agreement dated as of June 23, 2014 among Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as representatives of the several initial purchasers named in Schedule 1 thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 24, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
4.11	—Indenture, dated as of July 2, 2014, between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and Regions Bank, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 2, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
4.12	—Form of Floating Rate Senior Notes due 2017 (included in Exhibit 4.10)
4.13	—Form of 4.250% Senior Notes due 2024 (included in Exhibit 4.10)
4.14	—Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 2, 2014, among Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as representatives of the Initial Purchasers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 2, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
10.01	—$600,000,000 Credit Agreement dated as of November 29, 2013 among Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Branch Banking and Trust Company, and SunTrust Bank, as Co-Syndication Agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 5, 2013) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
10.02	— Credit and Security Agreement dated as of April 19, 2013, among Martin Marietta Funding LLC, as borrower, Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., as servicer, and SunTrust Bank, as lender together with the other lenders from time to time party thereto, and SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent for the lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 24, 2013) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
10.03	—Commitment Letter dated as of June 20, 2014 to the Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of April 19, 2013 (as last amended April 18, 2014), among Martin Marietta Funding LLC, as borrower, Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., as servicer, and SunTrust Bank, as lender together with the other lenders from time to time party thereto, and SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent for the lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 25, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
10.04	—First Amendment dated as of June 23, 2014 to the Credit Agreement dated as of November 29, 2013, among Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., the lenders listed therein and J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 25, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
10.05	—Second Amendment to Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of April 18, 2014, among Martin Marietta Funding LLC, as borrower, Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., as servicer, and SunTrust Bank, as lender together with the other lenders from time to time party thereto, and SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent for the lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 24, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
10.06	—Fifth Amendment to Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2014, among Martin Marietta Funding LLC, as borrower, Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., as servicer, and SunTrust Bank, as lender together with the other lenders from time to

58

	time party thereto, and SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent for the lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
10.07	— Purchase and Contribution Agreement dated as of April 19, 2013, between Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., as seller and as servicer, and Martin Marietta Funding LLC, as buyer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 24, 2013) (Commission File No. 1-12744)
10.08	—Form of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Third Amended and Restated Employment Protection Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 19, 2008) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.09	—Amended and Restated Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Common Stock Purchase Plan for Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.05 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.10	—Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended and Restated Executive Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.05 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.11	—Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Incentive Stock Plan, as Amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.06 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.12	—Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended and Restated Stock-Based Award Plan dated April 3, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.13	—Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended Omnibus Securities Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.14	—Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Third Amended and Restated Supplemental Excess Retirement Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.15	—Form of Option Award Agreement under the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended and Restated Stock-Based Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.16	—Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended and Restated Stock-Based Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2009) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.17	—Form of Amendment to the Stock Unit Agreement under the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended and Restated Stock-Based Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.18	—Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Directors under the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended and Restated Stock-Based Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**

59

10.19	—Form of Special Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended and Restated Stock-Based Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
10.20	—Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement under the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Amended and Restated Stock-Based Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014) (Commission File No. 1-12744)**
*12.01	—Computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges for the year ended December 31, 2015
*13.01	—Excerpts from Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. 2015 Annual Report to Shareholders, portions of which are incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K. Those portions of the 2015 Annual Report to Shareholders that are not incorporated by reference shall not be deemed to be “filed” as part of this report.
*21.01	—List of subsidiaries of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc.
*23.01	—Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. and consolidated subsidiaries
*24.01	—Powers of Attorney (included in this Form 10-K immediately following Signatures)
*31.01	—Certification dated February 23, 2016 of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, rule 13a-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
*31.02	—Certification dated February 23, 2016 of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, rule 13a-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
*32.01	—Certification dated February 23, 2016 of Chief Executive Officer required by 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
*32.02	—Certification dated February 23, 2016 of Chief Financial Officer required by 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
*95	—Mine Safety Disclosure Exhibit
*101.INS	—XBRL Instance Document
*101.SCH	—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
*101.CAL	—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
*101.LAB	—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
*101.PRE	—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
*101.DEF	—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

Other material incorporated by reference:

Martin Marietta Materials, Inc.’s 2016 Proxy Statement filed pursuant to Regulation 14A, portions of which are incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K. Those portions of the 2016 Proxy Statement which are not incorporated by reference shall not be deemed to be “filed” as part of this report.

* Filed herewith

** Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 14(c) of Form 10-K

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EX-12.01

EXHIBIT 12.01

MARTIN MARIETTA MATERIALS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

COMPUTATION OF RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES

For the Year Ended December 31, 2015

(add 000, except ratio)

EARNINGS:
Earnings before income taxes*	$	413,655
Gain from less than 50%-owned associated companies, net		(7,694	)
Interest expense**		76,287
Portion of rents representative of an interest factor		21,136
Adjusted Earnings and Fixed Charges	$	503,384
FIXED CHARGES:
Interest expense**	$	76,287
Capitalized interest		5,832
Portion of rents representative of an interest factor		21,136
Total Fixed Charges	$	103,255
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges		4.88

* Represents earnings from continuing operations plus/minus net (loss) earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests.

** Interest expense excluded $217 for the interest expense component associated with uncertain tax provisions.

EX-13

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND REPORT OF MANAGEMENT

ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

The management of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. (“Martin Marietta”), is responsible for the consolidated financial statements, the related financial information contained in this 2015 Annual Report and the establishment and maintenance of adequate internal control over financial reporting. The consolidated balance sheets for Martin Marietta, at December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive earnings, total equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, include amounts based on estimates and judgments and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States applied on a consistent basis.

A system of internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance, in a cost-effective manner, that assets are safeguarded, transactions are executed and recorded in accordance with management’s authorization, accountability for assets is maintained and financial statements are prepared and presented fairly in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Internal control systems over financial reporting have inherent limitations and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

The Corporation operates in an environment that establishes an appropriate system of internal control over financial reporting and ensures that the system is maintained, assessed and monitored on a periodic basis. This internal control system includes examinations by internal audit staff and oversight by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

The Corporation’s management recognizes its responsibility to foster a strong ethical climate. Management has issued written policy statements that document the Corporation’s business code of ethics. The importance of ethical behavior is regularly communicated to all employees through the distribution of the Code of Ethical Business Conduct booklet and through ongoing education and review programs designed to create a strong commitment to ethical business practices.

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, which consists of four independent, nonemployee directors, meets periodically and separately with management, the independent auditors and the internal auditors to review the activities of each. The Audit Committee meets standards established by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the New York Stock Exchange as they relate to the composition and practices of audit committees.

Management of Martin Marietta, assessed the effectiveness of the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (“COSO”). Based on management’s assessment under the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework, management concluded that the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2015.

The consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose reports appear on the following pages.

C. Howard Nye	Anne H. Lloyd
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
February 23, 2016

Martin Marietta  |  Page 9

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Shareholders

Martin Marietta Materials, Inc.

We have audited Martin Marietta Materials, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). Martin Marietta Materials, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Statement of Financial Responsibility and Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive earnings, total equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., and our report dated February 23, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Raleigh, North Carolina

February 23, 2016

Martin Marietta  |  Page 10

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Shareholders

Martin Marietta Materials, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive earnings, total equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Corporation’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. at December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Martin Marietta Materials, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 23, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Raleigh, North Carolina

February 23, 2016

Martin Marietta  |  Page 11

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS for years ended December 31

(add 000, except per share)	2015			2014			2013
Net Sales	$	3,268,116		$	2,679,095		$	1,943,218
Freight and delivery revenues		271,454			278,856			212,333
Total revenues		3,539,570			2,957,951			2,155,551
Cost of sales		2,546,349			2,156,735			1,579,261
Freight and delivery costs		271,454			278,856			212,333
Total cost of revenues		2,817,803			2,435,591			1,791,594
Gross Profit		721,767			522,360			363,957
Selling, general and administrative expenses		218,234			169,245			150,091
Acquisition-related expenses, net		8,464			42,891			671
Other operating expenses and (income), net		15,653			(4,649	)		(4,793	)
Earnings from Operations		479,416			314,873			217,988
Interest expense		76,287			66,057			53,467
Other nonoperating (income) and expenses, net		(10,672	)		(362	)		295
Earnings from continuing operations before taxes on income		413,801			249,178			164,226
Taxes on income		124,863			94,847			44,045
Earnings from Continuing Operations		288,938			154,331			120,181
Loss on discontinued operations, net of related tax benefit of $0, $40 and $417, respectively		–			(37	)		(749	)
Consolidated net earnings		288,938			154,294			119,432
Less: Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		146			(1,307	)		(1,905	)
Net Earnings Attributable to Martin Marietta	$	288,792		$	155,601		$	121,337
Net Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Martin Marietta
Earnings from continuing operations	$	288,792		$	155,638		$	122,086
Discontinued operations		–			(37	)		(749	)
	$	288,792		$	155,601		$	121,337
Net Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Martin Marietta Per Common Share (see Note A)
– Basic from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders	$	4.31		$	2.73		$	2.64
– Discontinued operations attributable to common shareholders		–			–			(0.02	)
	$	4.31		$	2.73		$	2.62
– Diluted from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders	$	4.29		$	2.71		$	2.63
– Discontinued operations attributable to common shareholders		–			–			(0.02	)
	$	4.29		$	2.71		$	2.61
Weighted-Average Common Shares Outstanding
– Basic		66,770			56,854			46,164
– Diluted		67,020			57,088			46,285

The notes on pages 17 through 41 are an integral part of these financial statements.    

Martin Marietta  |  Page 12

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS for years ended December 31

(add 000)	2015			2014			2013
Consolidated Net Earnings	$	288,938		$	154,294		$	119,432
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax:
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans:
Net (loss) gain arising during period, net of tax of $(4,530), $(39,752) and $36,294, respectively		(7,101	)		(62,767	)		55,472
Amortization of prior service credit, net of tax of $(731), $(1,108) and $(1,111), respectively		(1,149	)		(1,702	)		(1,696	)
Amortization of actuarial loss, net of tax of $6,551, $1,490 and $6,211, respectively		10,299			2,289			9,493
Amount recognized in net periodic pension cost due to settlement, net of tax of $289		–			–			440
Amount recognized in net periodic pension cost due to special plan termination benefits, net of tax of $811		1,274			–			–
		3,323			(62,180	)		63,709
Foreign currency translation loss		(3,542	)		(624	)		(2,255	)
Amortization of terminated value of forward starting interest rate swap agreements into interest expense, net of tax of $509, $470 and $438, respectively		771			718			670
		552			(62,086	)		62,124
Consolidated comprehensive earnings		289,490			92,208			181,556
Less: Comprehensive earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		161			(1,348	)		(1,836	)
Comprehensive Earnings Attributable to Martin Marietta	$	289,329		$	93,556		$	183,392

The notes on pages 17 through 41 are an integral part of these financial statements.

Martin Marietta  |  Page 13

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS at December 31

Assets (add 000)	2015			2014
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	168,409		$	108,651
Accounts receivable, net		410,921			421,001
Inventories, net		469,141			484,919
Other current assets		33,697			29,607
Total Current Assets		1,082,168			1,044,178
Property, plant and equipment, net		3,156,000			3,402,770
Goodwill		2,068,235			2,068,799
Operating permits, net		444,725			499,487
Other intangibles, net		65,827			95,718
Other noncurrent assets		144,777			108,802
Total Assets	$	6,961,732		$	7,219,754
Liabilities and Equity (add 000, except parenthetical share data)
Current Liabilities:
Bank overdraft	$	10,235		$	183
Accounts payable		164,718			202,476
Accrued salaries, benefits and payroll taxes		30,939			36,576
Pension and postretirement benefits		8,168			6,953
Accrued insurance and other taxes		62,781			58,356
Current maturities of long-term debt		19,246			14,336
Other current liabilities		71,104			77,768
Total Current Liabilities		367,191			396,648
Long-term debt		1,553,649			1,571,059
Pension, postretirement and postemployment benefits		224,538			249,333
Deferred income taxes, net		583,459			489,945
Other noncurrent liabilities		172,718			160,021
Total Liabilities		2,901,555			2,867,006
Equity:
Common stock ($0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 64,479,000 and 67,293,000 shares outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively)		643			671
Preferred stock ($0.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares outstanding)		–			–
Additional paid-in capital		3,287,827			3,243,619
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(105,622	)		(106,159	)
Retained earnings		874,436			1,213,035
Total Shareholders’ Equity		4,057,284			4,351,166
Noncontrolling interests		2,893			1,582
Total Equity		4,060,177			4,352,748
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	6,961,732		$	7,219,754

The notes on pages 17 through 41 are an integral part of these financial statements.

Martin Marietta  |  Page 14

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS for years ended December 31

(add 000)	2015			2014			2013
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Consolidated net earnings	$	288,938		$	154,294		$	119,432
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		263,587			222,746			173,761
Stock-based compensation expense		13,589			8,993			7,008
Loss (gains) on divestitures and sales of assets		14,093			(52,297	)		(2,265	)
Deferred income taxes		85,225			50,292			24,113
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation transactions		–			(2,508	)		(2,368	)
Other items, net		(5,972	)		4,795			(429	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures:
Accounts receivable, net		12,309			(16,650	)		(22,523	)
Inventories, net		(21,525	)		(12,020	)		(11,639	)
Accounts payable		(40,053	)		5,303			20,063
Other assets and liabilities, net		(37,040	)		18,710			3,798
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities		573,151			381,658			308,951
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Additions to property, plant and equipment		(318,232	)		(232,183	)		(155,233	)
Acquisitions, net		(43,215	)		(189	)		(64,478	)
Cash received in acquisition		63			59,887			–
Proceeds from divestitures and sales of assets		448,122			121,985			8,564
Payment of railcar construction advances		(25,234	)		(14,513	)		–
Reimbursement of railcar construction advances		25,234			14,513			–
Repayments from affiliate		1,808			1,175			–
Loan to affiliate		–			–			(3,402	)
Net Cash Provided By (Used for) Investing Activities		88,546			(49,325	)		(214,549	)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Borrowings of long-term debt		230,000			868,762			604,417
Repayments of long-term debt		(244,704	)		(1,057,289	)		(621,142	)
Debt issuance costs		–			(2,782	)		(2,148	)
Change in bank overdraft		10,052			(2,373	)		2,556
Payments on capital lease obligations		(6,616	)		(3,075	)		(28	)
Dividends paid		(107,462	)		(91,304	)		(74,197	)
Distributions to owners of noncontrolling interests		(325	)		(800	)		(876	)
Repurchase of common stock		(519,962	)		–			–
Purchase of remaining interest in existing subsidiaries		–			(19,480	)		–
Issuances of common stock		37,078			39,714			11,691
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation transactions		–			2,508			2,368
Net Cash Used for Financing Activities		(601,939	)		(266,119	)		(77,359	)
Net Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents		59,758			66,214			17,043
Cash and Cash Equivalents, beginning of year		108,651			42,437			25,394
Cash and Cash Equivalents, end of year	$	168,409		$	108,651		$	42,437
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest	$	71,011		$	81,304		$	52,034
Cash paid for income taxes	$	46,774		$	15,955		$	23,491

The notes on pages 17 through 41 are an integral part of these financial statements.

Martin Marietta  |  Page 15

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF TOTAL EQUITY

(add 000, except per share data)	Shares of Common Stock			Common Stock				Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Earnings				Retained Earnings				Total Shareholders’ Equity				Non- controlling Interests				Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2012		46,002			$	459			$	414,657		$	(106,169	)		$	1,101,598			$	1,410,545			$	39,754			$	1,450,299
Consolidated net earnings (loss)		–				–				–			–				121,337				121,337				(1,905	)			119,432
Other comprehensive earnings		–				–				–			62,055				–				62,055				69				62,124
Dividends declared ($1.60 per common share)		–				–				–			–				(74,197	)			(74,197	)			–				(74,197	)
Issuances of common stock for stock award plans		259				2				11,127			–				–				11,129				–				11,129
Stock-based compensation expense		–				–				7,008			–				–				7,008				–				7,008
Distributions to owners of noncontrolling interests		–				–				–			–				–				–				(876	)			(876	)
Balance at December 31, 2013		46,261				461				432,792			(44,114	)			1,148,738				1,537,877				37,042				1,574,919
Consolidated net earnings (loss)		–				–				–			–				155,601				155,601				(1,307	)			154,294
Other comprehensive loss		–				–				–			(62,045	)			–				(62,045	)			(41	)			(62,086	)
Dividends declared ($1.60 per common share)		–				–				–			–				(91,304	)			(91,304	)			–				(91,304	)
Issuances of common stock, stock options and stock appreciation rights for TXI acquisition		20,309				203				2,751,670			–				–				2,751,873				–				2,751,873
Issuances of common stock for stock award plans		723				7				41,765			–				–				41,772				–				41,772
Stock-based compensation expense		–				–				8,993											8,993				–				8,993
Distributions to owners of noncontrolling interests		–				–				–			–				–				–				(800	)			(800	)
Purchase of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interest		–				–				8,399			–				–				8,399				(33,312	)			(24,913	)
Balance at December 31, 2014		67,293			$	671			$	3,243,619		$	(106,159	)		$	1,213,035			$	4,351,166			$	1,582			$	4,352,748
Consolidated net earnings		–				–				–			–				288,792				288,792				146				288,938
Other comprehensive earnings		–				–				–			537				–				537				15				552
Dividends declared ($1.60 per common share)		–				–				–			–				(107,462	)			(107,462	)			–				(107,462	)
Issuances of common stock for stock award plans		471				5				30,619			–				–				30,624				–				30,624
Repurchases of common stock		(3,285	)			(33	)			–			–				(519,929	)			(519,962	)			–				(519,962	)
Stock-based compensation expense		–				–				13,589											13,589				–				13,589
Minority interest acquired via business combination		–				–				–			–				–				–				1,475				1,475
Distributions to owners of noncontrolling interests		–				–				–			–				–				–				(325	)			(325	)
Balance at December 31, 2015		64,479			$	643			$	3,287,827		$	(105,622	)		$	874,436			$	4,057,284			$	2,893			$	4,060,177

The notes on pages 17 through 41 are an integral part of these financial statements.

Martin Marietta  |  Page 16

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note A: Accounting Policies

Organization. Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., (the “Corporation” or “Martin Marietta”) is engaged principally in the construction aggregates business. The aggregates product line accounted for 55% of consolidated 2015 net sales and includes crushed stone, sand and gravel, and is used for the construction of infrastructure, nonresidential and residential projects. Aggregates products are also used for railroad ballast, and in agricultural, utility and environmental applications. These aggregates products, along with the Corporation’s aggregates-related downstream product lines, namely heavy building materials such as asphalt products, ready mixed concrete and road paving construction services (which accounted for 27% of consolidated 2015 net sales), are sold and shipped from a network of more than 400 quarries, distribution facilities and plants to customers in 36 states, Canada, the Bahamas and the Caribbean Islands. The aggregates and aggregates-related downstream product lines are reported collectively as the “Aggregates business”. As of December 31, 2015, the Aggregates business contains the following reportable segments: Mid-America Group, Southeast Group and West Group. The Mid-America Group operates in Indiana, Iowa, northern Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, eastern Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Virginia, Washington and West Virginia. The Southeast Group has operations in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, Nova Scotia and the Bahamas. The West Group operates in Arkansas, Colorado, southern Kansas, Louisiana, western Nebraska, Nevada, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah and Wyoming. The following states accounted for 70% of the Aggregates business’ 2015 net sales: Texas, Colorado, North Carolina, Iowa and Georgia.

The Cement segment, accounting for 11% of consolidated 2015 net sales, produces Portland and specialty cements. Similar to the Aggregates business, cement is used in infrastructure projects, nonresidential and residential construction, and the railroad, agricultural, utility and environmental industries. Texas and California accounted for 72% and 25%, respectively, of the Cement business’ 2015 net sales. In September 2015, the Corporation divested of its California cement operations.

The Magnesia Specialties segment, accounting for 7% of consolidated 2015 net sales, produces magnesia-based chemicals products used in industrial, agricultural and environmental applications and dolomitic lime sold primarily to customers in the steel industry.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of accounts receivable, inventories, goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets and assumptions used in the calculation of taxes on income, retirement and other postemployment benefits, and the allocation of the purchase price to the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part of business combinations. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, and adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Changes in credit, equity and energy markets and changes in construction activity increase the uncertainty inherent in certain of these estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in estimates, including those resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment, are reflected in the consolidated financial statements for the period in which the change in estimate occurs.

Basis of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Corporation and its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. Partially-owned affiliates are either consolidated or accounted for at cost or as equity investments, depending on the level of ownership interest or the Corporation’s ability to exercise control over the affiliates’ operations. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Early Adoption of New Accounting Standard. Effective December 31, 2015, the Corporation early adopted the Financial Accounting Standard Board’s (the “FASB”) final guidance on the balance sheet classification of deferred taxes. The guidance requires deferred tax assets and liabilities to be classified as noncurrent rather than split between current and noncurrent; however, deferred tax assets and liabilities from different federal, state and foreign jurisdictions are not netted for financial statement presentation. The adoption of Accounting

Martin Marietta  |  Page 17

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Standards Update 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, had no impact on the Corporation’s consolidated shareholders’ equity, results of operations or cash flows. Retrospective application is allowed and $244,638,000 of current deferred tax assets was reclassed into deferred income taxes, net, on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2014 to conform with current year presentation.

Revenue Recognition. Total revenues include sales of materials and services provided to customers, net of discounts or allowances, if any, and include freight and delivery costs billed to customers. Revenues for product sales are recognized when risks associated with ownership have passed to unaffiliated customers. Typically, this occurs when finished products are shipped. Revenues derived from the road paving business are recognized using the percentage-of-completion method under the revenue-cost approach. Under the revenue-cost approach, recognized contract revenue equals the total estimated contract revenue multiplied by the percentage of completion. Recognized costs equal the total estimated contract cost multiplied by the percentage of completion.

The FASB issued an accounting standard update that amends the accounting guidance on revenue recognition. The new standard intends to provide a more robust framework for addressing revenue issues, improve comparability of revenue recognition practices and improve disclosure requirements. The new standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 and can be applied on a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact of the provisions of the new standard, and at this time does not expect the impact to be material to its results of operations.

Freight and Delivery Costs. Freight and delivery costs represent pass-through transportation costs incurred and paid by the Corporation to third-party carriers to deliver products to customers. These costs are then billed to the Corporation’s customers.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash equivalents are comprised of highly-liquid instruments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. The Corporation manages its cash and cash equivalents to ensure that short-term operating cash needs are met and that excess funds are managed efficiently. The Corporation subsidizes shortages in operating

cash through short-term borrowing facilities. The Corporation utilizes excess cash to either pay down short-term borrowings or invest in money market funds, money market demand deposit accounts or Eurodollar time deposit accounts. Money market demand deposits and Eurodollar time deposit accounts are exposed to bank solvency risk. Money market demand deposit accounts are FDIC insured up to $250,000. The Corporation’s deposits in bank funds generally exceed the $250,000 FDIC insurance limit. The Corporation’s cash management policy prohibits cash and cash equivalents over $100,000,000 to be maintained at any one bank.

Customer Receivables. Customer receivables are stated at cost. The Corporation does not charge interest on customer accounts receivables. The Corporation records an allowance for doubtful accounts, which includes a provision for probable losses based on historical write offs and a specific reserve for accounts greater than $50,000 deemed at risk. The Corporation writes off customer receivables as bad debt expense when it becomes apparent based upon customer facts and circumstances that such amounts will not be collected.

Inventories Valuation. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs for finished products and in process inventories are determined by the first-in, first-out method. The Corporation records an allowance for finished product inventories in excess of sales for a twelve-month period, as measured by historical sales. The Corporation also establishes an allowance for expendable parts over five years old and supplies over one year old.

Post-production stripping costs, which represent costs of removing overburden and waste materials to access mineral deposits, are a component of inventory production costs and recognized in cost of sales in the same period as the revenue from the sale of the inventory.

Properties and Depreciation. Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost.

The estimated service lives for property, plant and equipment are as follows:

Class of Assets	Range of Service Lives
Buildings	5 to 20 years
Machinery & Equipment	2 to 20 years
Land Improvements	5 to 15 years

Martin Marietta  |  Page 18

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The Corporation begins capitalizing quarry development costs at a point when reserves are determined to be proven or probable, economically mineable and when demand supports investment in the market. Capitalization of these costs ceases when production commences. Capitalized quarry development costs are classified as land improvements.

The Corporation reviews relevant facts and circumstances to determine whether to capitalize or expense pre-production stripping costs when additional pits are developed at an existing quarry. If the additional pit operates in a separate and distinct area of the quarry, these costs are capitalized as quarry development costs and depreciated over the life of the uncovered reserves. Additionally, a separate asset retirement obligation is created for additional pits when the liability is incurred. Once a pit enters the production phase, all post-production stripping costs are charged to inventory production costs as incurred.

Mineral reserves and mineral interests acquired in connection with a business combination are valued using an income approach over the life of the reserves.

Depreciation is computed over estimated service lives, principally by the straight-line method. Depletion of mineral reserves is calculated over proven and probable reserves by the units-of-production method on a quarry-by-quarry basis.

Property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized if expected future undiscounted cash flows over the estimated remaining service life of the related asset are less than its carrying value.

Repair and Maintenance Costs. Repair and maintenance costs that do not substantially extend the life of the Corporation’s plant and equipment are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets. Goodwill represents the excess purchase price paid for acquired businesses over the estimated fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities. Other intangibles represent amounts assigned principally to contractual agreements and are amortized ratably over periods based on related contractual terms.

The Corporation’s reporting units, which represent the level at which goodwill is tested for impairment, are based on the geographic regions of the Aggregates business. Additionally,

the Cement business is a separate reporting unit. Goodwill is allocated to each reporting unit based on the location of acquisitions and divestitures at the time of consummation.

The carrying values of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are reviewed annually, as of October 1, for impairment. An interim review is performed between annual tests if facts or circumstances indicate potential impairment. The carrying value of other amortizable intangibles is reviewed if facts and circumstances indicate potential impairment. If a review indicates that the carrying value is impaired, a charge is recorded.

Retirement Plans and Postretirement Benefits. The Corporation sponsors defined benefit retirement plans and also provides other postretirement benefits. The Corporation recognizes the funded status, defined as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation, of its pension plans and other postretirement benefits as an asset or liability on the consolidated balance sheets. Actuarial gains or losses that arise during the year are not recognized as net periodic benefit cost in the same year, but rather are recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive earnings or loss. Those amounts are amortized over the participants’ average remaining service period and recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost. The amount amortized is determined using a corridor approach based on the amount in excess of 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or pension plan assets.

Stock-Based Compensation. The Corporation has stock-based compensation plans for employees and its Board of Directors. The Corporation recognizes all forms of stock-based payments to employees, including stock options, as compensation expense. The compensation expense is the fair value of the awards at the measurement date and is recognized over the requisite service period.

The Corporation uses the accelerated expense recognition method for stock options. The accelerated recognition method requires stock options that vest ratably to be divided into tranches. The expense for each tranche is allocated to its particular vesting period.

The Corporation expenses the fair value of restricted stock awards, incentive compensation awards and Board of Directors’ fees paid in the form of common stock based on the closing price of the Corporation’s common stock on the awards’ respective grant dates.

Martin Marietta  |  Page 19

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The Corporation uses the lattice valuation model to determine the fair value of stock option awards. The lattice valuation model takes into account employees’ exercise patterns based on changes in the Corporation’s stock price and other variables. The period of time for which options are expected to be outstanding, or expected term of the option, is a derived output of the lattice valuation model. The Corporation considers the following factors when estimating the expected term of options: vesting period of the award, expected volatility of the underlying stock, employees’ ages and external data.

Key assumptions used in determining the fair value of the stock options awarded in 2015, 2014 and 2013 were:

	2015		2014		2013
Risk-free interest rate		2.20%		2.50%		1.70%
Dividend yield		1.20%		1.50%		1.80%
Volatility factor		36.10%		35.30%		35.40%
Expected term		8.5 years		8.5 years		8.6 years

Based on these assumptions, the weighted-average fair value of each stock option granted was $57.71, $43.42 and $36.48 for 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

The risk-free interest rate reflects the interest rate on zero-coupon U.S. government bonds available at the time each option was granted having a remaining life approximately equal to the option’s expected life. The dividend yield represents the dividend rate expected to be paid over the option’s expected life. The Corporation’s volatility factor measures the amount by which its stock price is expected to fluctuate during the expected life of the option and is based on historical stock price changes. Forfeitures are required to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Corporation estimates forfeitures and will ultimately recognize compensation cost only for those stock-based awards that vest.

The Corporation recognizes income tax benefits resulting from the payment of dividend equivalents on unvested stock-based payments as an increase to additional paid-in capital and includes them in the pool of excess tax benefits.

Environmental Matters. The Corporation records a liability for an asset retirement obligation at fair value in the period in which it is incurred. The asset retirement obligation is recorded at the acquisition date of a long-lived tangible asset if the fair value can be reasonably estimated. A corresponding amount is capitalized as part of the asset’s

carrying amount. The estimate of fair value is affected by management’s assumptions regarding the scope of the work required, inflation rates and quarry closure dates.

Further, the Corporation records an accrual for other environmental remediation liabilities in the period in which it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the appropriate amounts can be estimated reasonably. Such accruals are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change. These costs are not discounted to their present value or offset for potential insurance or other claims or potential gains from future alternative uses for a site.

Income Taxes. Deferred income taxes, net on the consolidated balance sheets reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, net of valuation allowances.

Uncertain Tax Positions. The Corporation recognizes a tax benefit when it is more-likely-than-not, based on the technical merits, that a tax position would be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. The amount to be recognized is measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The Corporation’s unrecognized tax benefits are recorded in other liabilities, on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Corporation records interest accrued in relation to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. Penalties, if incurred, are recorded as operating expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings.

Sales Taxes. Sales taxes collected from customers are recorded as liabilities until remitted to taxing authorities and therefore are not reflected in the consolidated statements of earnings.

Research and Development Costs. Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred.

Start-Up Costs. Noncapital start-up costs for new facilities and products are charged to operations as incurred.

Warranties. The Corporation’s construction contracts contain warranty provisions covering defects in equipment,

Martin Marietta  |  Page 20

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

materials, design or workmanship that generally run from nine months to one year after project completion. Because of the nature of its projects, including contract owner inspections of the work both during construction and prior to acceptance, the Corporation has not experienced material warranty costs for these short-term warranties and therefore does not believe an accrual for these costs is necessary. Certain construction contracts carry longer warranty periods, ranging from two to ten years, for which the Corporation has accrued an estimate of warranty cost based on experience with the type of work and any known risks relative to the project. These costs were not material to the Corporation’s consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.

Consolidated Comprehensive Earnings and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss. Consolidated comprehensive earnings for the Corporation consist of consolidated net earnings, adjustments for the funded status of pension and postretirement benefit plans, foreign currency translation adjustments and the amortization of the value of terminated forward starting interest rate swap agreements into interest expense, and are presented in the Corporation’s consolidated statements of comprehensive earnings.

Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of unrealized gains and losses related to the funded status of the pension and postretirement benefit plans, foreign currency translation and the unamortized value of terminated forward starting interest rate swap agreements, and is presented on the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets.

The components of the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss and related cumulative noncurrent deferred tax assets are as follows:

		Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans			Foreign Currency			Unamortized Value of Terminated Forward Starting Interest Rate Swap			Total
years ended December 31 (add 000)		2015
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings at beginning of period	$		(106,688	)	$	3,278		$	(2,749	)	$	(106,159	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications, net of tax			(7,116	)		(3,542	)		–			(10,658	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax			10,424			–			771			11,195
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax			3,308			(3,542	)		771			537
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at end of period	$		(103,380	)	$	(264	)	$	(1,978	)	$	(105,622	)
Cumulative noncurrent deferred tax assets at end of period	$		66,467		$	–		$	1,290		$	67,757
		2014
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings at beginning of period	$		(44,549	)	$	3,902		$	(3,467	)	$	(44,114	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications, net of tax			(62,726	)		(624	)		–			(63,350	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax			587			–			718			1,305
Other comprehensive (loss) earnings, net of tax			(62,139	)		(624	)		718			(62,045	)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings at end of period	$		(106,688	)	$	3,278		$	(2,749	)	$	(106,159	)
Cumulative noncurrent deferred tax assets at end of period	$		68,568		$	–		$	1,799		$	70,367
		2013
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings at beginning of period	$		(108,189	)	$	6,157		$	(4,137	)	$	(106,169	)
Other comprehensive earnings (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax			55,403			(2,255	)		–			53,148
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax			8,237			–			670			8,907
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax			63,640			(2,255	)		670			62,055
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings at end of period	$		(44,549	)	$	3,902		$	(3,467	)	$	(44,114	)
Cumulative noncurrent deferred tax assets at end of period	$		29,198		$	–		$	2,269		$	31,467

Martin Marietta  |  Page 21

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows:

years ended December 31 (add 000)	2015			2014			2013			Affected line items in the consolidated statements of earnings
Pension and postretirement benefit plans
Special plan termination benefit	$	2,085		$	–		$	–
Settlement charge		–			–			729
Amortization of:
Prior service credit		(1,880	)		(2,810	)		(2,807	)	Cost of sales; Selling, general & administrative expenses
Actuarial loss		16,850			3,779			15,704		Taxes on income
		17,055			969			13,626
Tax effect		(6,631	)		(382	)		(5,389	)
Total	$	10,424		$	587		$	8,237
Unamortized value of terminated forward starting interest rate swap										Interest expense Taxes on income
Additional interest expense	$	1,280		$	1,188		$	1,108
Tax effect		(509	)		(470	)		(438	)
Total	$	771		$	718		$	670

Earnings Per Common Share. The Corporation computes earnings per share (“EPS”) pursuant to the two-class method. The two-class method determines EPS for each class of common stock and participating securities according to dividends or dividend equivalents and their respective participation rights in undistributed earnings. The Corporation pays non-forfeitable dividend equivalents during the vesting period on its restricted stock awards and incentive stock awards, which results in these being considered participating securities.

The numerator for basic and diluted earnings per common share is net earnings attributable to Martin Marietta, reduced by dividends and undistributed earnings attributable to the Corporation’s unvested restricted stock awards and incentive stock awards. The denominator for basic earnings per common share is the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share are computed assuming that the weighted-average number of common shares is increased by the conversion, using the treasury stock method, of awards issued to employees and nonemployee members of the Corporation’s Board of Directors under certain stock-based compensation arrangements if the conversion is dilutive.

The following table reconciles the numerator and denominator for basic and diluted earnings per common share:

years ended December 31 (add 000)	2015		2014			2013
Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to Martin Marietta	$	288,792	$	155,638		$	122,086
Less: Distributed and undistributed earnings attributable to unvested awards		1,252		647			513
Basic and diluted net earnings attributable to common shareholders from continuing operations attributable to Martin Marietta		287,540		154,991			121,573
Basic and diluted net loss attributable to common shareholders from discontinued operations		–		(37	)		(749	)
Basic and diluted net earnings attributable to common shareholders attributable to Martin Marietta	$	287,540	$	154,954		$	120,824
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding		66,770		56,854			46,164
Effect of dilutive employee and director awards		250		234			121
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding		67,020		57,088			46,285

Martin Marietta  |  Page 22

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Reclassifications. Effective January 1, 2014, the Corporation reorganized the operations and management reporting structure of the Aggregates business, resulting in a change to the reportable segments. Segment information for 2013 has been reclassified to conform to the presentation of the current reportable segments.

Note B: Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following table shows the changes in goodwill by reportable segment and in total:

	Mid- America			Southeast		West
December 31	Group			Group		Group			Cement			Total
(add 000)						2015
Balance at beginning of period	$	282,117		$	50,346	$	852,436		$	883,900		$	2,068,799
Acquisitions		–			–		8,464			–			8,464
Adjustments to purchase price allocations		–			–		15,538			(18,634	)		(3,096	)
Divestitures		(714	)		–		(5,218	)		–			(5,932	)
Balance at end of period	$	281,403		$	50,346	$	871,220		$	865,266		$	2,068,235
						2014
Balance at beginning of period	$	263,967		$	50,346	$	302,308		$	–		$	616,621
Division reorganization		18,150			–		(18,150	)		–			–
Acquisitions		–			–		600,372			883,900			1,484,272
Divestitures		–			–		(32,094	)		–			(32,094	)
Balance at end of period	$	282,117		$	50,346	$	852,436		$	883,900		$	2,068,799

Intangible assets subject to amortization consist of the following:

	Gross		Accumulated			Net
December 31	Amount		Amortization			Balance
(add 000)			2015
Noncompetition agreements	$	6,274	$	(6,069	)	$	205
Customer relationships		35,805		(10,448	)		25,357
Operating permits		450,419		(12,294	)		438,125
Use rights and other		16,746		(8,030	)		8,716
Trade names		12,800		(3,408	)		9,392
Total	$	522,044	$	(40,249	)	$	481,795
			2014
Noncompetition agreements	$	6,274	$	(5,971	)	$	303
Customer relationships		36,610		(7,654	)		28,956
Operating permits		498,462		(5,575	)		492,887
Use rights and other		15,385		(6,940	)		8,445
Trade names		12,800		(1,143	)		11,657
Total	$	569,531	$	(27,283	)	$	542,248

Intangible assets deemed to have an indefinite life and not being amortized consist of the following:

December 31	Aggregates Business		Cement		Magnesia Specialties		Total
(add 000)	2015
Operating permits	$	6,600	$	–	$	–	$	6,600
Use rights		10,175		9,137		–		19,312
Trade names		–		280		2,565		2,845
Total	$	16,775	$	9,417	$	2,565	$	28,757
	2014
Operating permits	$	6,600	$	–	$	–	$	6,600
Use rights		9,975		19,437		–		29,412
Trade names		–		14,380		2,565		16,945
Total	$	16,575	$	33,817	$	2,565	$	52,957

During 2015, the Corporation acquired $2,953,000 of intangibles, consisting of the following:

(add 000, except year data)	Amount		Weighted-average amortization period
Subject to amortization:
Customer relationships	$	375		13.3 years
Operating permits		1,017		26.5 years
Use rights and other		1,361		22.1 years
		2,753		22.5 years
Not subject to amortization:
Use rights		200		N/A
Total	$	2,953

Use rights include, but are not limited to, water rights, subleases and proprietary information.

Total amortization expense for intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $13,962,000, $9,311,000 and $3,587,000, respectively.

The estimated amortization expense for intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

(add 000)
2016	$	13,431
2017		13,345
2018		12,557
2019		11,665
2020		11,630
Thereafter		419,167
Total	$	481,795

Martin Marietta  |  Page 23

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note C: Business Combinations and Dispositions

Business Combinations. The Corporation acquired Texas Industries, Inc. (“TXI”) on July 1, 2014. Total revenues and earnings from operations included in the consolidated statements of earnings attributable to TXI were $941,499,000 and $70,121,000, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2015 and $539,061,000 and $42,239,000, respectively, for the period July 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014.

Acquisition and integration expenses associated with TXI were $6,762,000 and $90,487,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information. The pro forma financial information in the table below summarizes the combined consolidated results of operations for the Corporation and TXI as though the companies were combined as of January 1, 2013. Transactions between Martin Marietta and TXI during the periods presented in the pro forma financial statements have been eliminated as if Martin Marietta and TXI were consolidated affiliates during the periods.

The unaudited pro forma financial information for the year ended December 31, 2014 includes TXI’s historical operating results for the six months ended May 31, 2014 (due to a difference in TXI’s historical reporting periods) and the results of operations for the TXI locations from July 1, 2014, the acquisition date, to December 31, 2014. The pro forma financial information presented below is for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place as of January 1, 2013.

year ended December 31 (add 000)	2014
Net Sales	$	3,088,642
Earnings from continuing operations attributable to controlling interests	$	171,822

Disposition of Assets. On September 30, 2015, the Corporation divested its California cement operations, which were reported in the Cement segment. These operations were not in close proximity to other core assets of the Corporation and, unlike other marketplace competitors, were not vertically integrated with ready mixed concrete production.

The divestiture primarily included a cement plant, two distribution terminals, mobile equipment, intangible assets and inventory. In accordance with the asset purchase agreement, the liabilities assumed by the purchaser included asset retirement obligations. The Corporation received proceeds of $420,000,000 and recognized a loss of $24,214,000 on the sale, inclusive of transaction-related accruals. The Corporation also recognized other disposal-related expenses of $4,849,000. The loss and related expenses are included in other operating expenses, net, in the consolidated statement of earnings.

Note D: Accounts Receivable, Net

December 31 (add 000)	2015			2014
Customer receivables	$	408,551		$	418,016
Other current receivables		9,310			7,062
		417,861			425,078
Less allowances		(6,940	)		(4,077	)
Total	$	410,921		$	421,001

Of the total accounts receivable, net, balances, $3,794,000 and $3,765,000 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, were due from unconsolidated affiliates.

Note E: Inventories, Net

December 31 (add 000)	2015			2014
Finished products	$	433,649		$	413,766
Products in process and raw materials		55,194			65,250
Supplies and expendable parts		110,882			125,092
		599,725			604,108
Less allowances		(130,584	)		(119,189	)
Total	$	469,141		$	484,919

Note F: Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

December 31 (add 000)	2015			2014
Land and land improvements	$	865,700		$	849,704
Mineral reserves and interests		1,001,295			990,438
Buildings		144,076			157,233
Machinery and equipment		3,473,826			3,568,342
Construction in progress		128,301			125,959
		5,613,198			5,691,676
Less allowances for depreciation, depletion and amortization		(2,457,198	)		(2,288,906	)
Total	$	3,156,000		$	3,402,770

Martin Marietta  |  Page 24

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The gross asset value and related allowance for amortization for machinery and equipment recorded under capital leases at December 31 were as follows:

(add 000)	2015			2014
Machinery and equipment under capital leases	$	19,379		$	25,775
Less allowance for amortization		(5,102	)		(2,808	)
Total	$	14,277		$	22,967

Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense related to property, plant and equipment was $246,874,000, $211,242,000 and $168,333,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense for 2015 and 2014 includes amortization of machinery and equipment under capital leases.

Interest cost of $5,832,000, $8,033,000 and $1,792,000 was capitalized during 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

At December 31, 2015 and 2014, $58,937,000 and $68,340,000, respectively, of the Aggregates business’ net property, plant and equipment were located in foreign countries, namely the Bahamas and Canada.

Note G: Long-Term Debt

December 31 (add 000)	2015			2014
6.6% Senior Notes, due 2018	$	299,368		$	299,123
7% Debentures, due 2025		124,532			124,500
6.25% Senior Notes, due 2037		228,223			228,184
4.25% Senior Notes, due 2024		395,717			395,309
Floating Rate Notes, due 2017, interest rate of 1.71% and 1.33% at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively		299,318			298,869
Term Loan Facility, due 2018, interest rate of 1.86% and 1.67% at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively		224,075			236,258
Other notes		1,662			3,152
Total		1,572,895			1,585,395
Less current maturities		(19,246	)		(14,336	)
Long-term debt	$	1,553,649		$	1,571,059

The Corporation’s 6.6% Senior Notes due 2018, 7% Debentures due 2025, 6.25% Senior Notes due 2037, 4.25% Senior Notes due 2024 and Floating Rate Notes due 2017 (collectively, the “Senior Notes”) are senior unsecured obligations of the Corporation, ranking equal in right of payment with the Corporation’s existing and future unsubordinated indebtedness. Upon a change of control repurchase event and a resulting below-investment-grade credit rating, the Corporation

would be required to make an offer to repurchase all outstanding Senior Notes, with the exception of the 7% Debentures due 2025, at a price in cash equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the purchase date.

All Senior Notes and Debentures are carried net of original issue discount, which is being amortized by the effective interest method over the life of the issue. Senior Notes are redeemable prior to their respective maturity dates. The principal amount, effective interest rate and maturity date for the Corporation’s Senior Notes and Debentures are as follows:

	Principal Amount (add 000)		Effective Interest Rate	Maturity Date
6.6% Senior Notes	$	300,000	6.81%	April 15, 2018
7% Debentures	$	125,000	7.12%	December 1, 2025
6.25% Senior Notes	$	230,000	6.45%	May 1, 2037
4.25% Senior Notes	$	400,000	4.25%	July 2, 2024
Floating Rate Notes	$	300,000	LIBOR+1.10%	June 30, 2017

Borrowings under the Senior Unsecured Credit Facilities bear interest, at the Corporation’s option, at rates based upon the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or a base rate, plus, for each rate, a margin determined in accordance with a ratings-based pricing grid.

In connection with the issuance of its $300,000,000 Floating Rate Senior Notes due 2017 (the “Floating Rate Notes”) and its $400,000,000 4.25% Senior Notes due 2024 (the “4.25% Senior Notes” and together with the Floating Rate Notes, the “Notes”), the Corporation entered into an indenture, between the Corporation and Regions Bank, as trustee, and a Registration Rights Agreement, among the Corporation, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as representatives of the several initial purchasers named in Schedule I to the purchase agreement. The Floating Rate Notes bear interest at a rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 1.10% and may not be redeemed prior to maturity. The 4.25% Senior Notes may be redeemed in whole or in part prior to their maturity at a make-whole redemption price.

The Corporation has a credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Branch Banking and Trust Company (“BB&T”) and SunTrust Bank, as Co-Syndication Agents, and the lenders party thereto (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides a $250,000,000 senior unsecured term

Martin Marietta  |  Page 25

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

loan (the “Term Loan Facility”) and a $350,000,000 five-year senior unsecured revolving facility (the “Revolving Facility”, and together with the Term Loan Facility, the “Senior Unsecured Credit Facilities”). The Senior Unsecured Credit Facilities are syndicated with the following banks:

Lender (add 000)	Revolving Facility Commitment			Term Loan Facility Commitment
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.		$	46,667		$	33,333
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.			46,667			33,333
BB&T			46,667			33,333
SunTrust Bank			46,667			33,333
Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch			46,667			33,333
PNC Bank, National Association			29,167			20,833
Regions Bank			29,167			20,833
The Northern Trust Company			29,167			20,833
Comerica Bank			14,582			10,418
The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.			14,582			10,418
Total		$	350,000		$	250,000

The Corporation’s Credit Agreement requires the Corporation’s ratio of consolidated debt to consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, depletion and amortization (“EBITDA”), as defined, for the trailing-twelve months (the “Ratio”) to not exceed 3.50x as of the end of any fiscal quarter, provided that the Corporation may exclude from the Ratio debt incurred in connection with certain acquisitions for a period of 180 days so long as the Corporation, as a consequence of such specified acquisition, does not have its rating on long-term unsecured debt fall below BBB by Standard & Poor’s or Baa2 by Moody’s as a result of the acquisition, and the Ratio calculated without such exclusion does not exceed 3.75x. Additionally, if no amounts are outstanding under both the Revolving Facility and the Trade Receivable Facility, consolidated debt, including debt for which the Corporation is a co-borrower (see Note N), may be reduced by the Corporation’s unrestricted cash and cash equivalents in excess of $50,000,000, such reduction not to exceed $200,000,000, for purposes of the covenant calculation. The Corporation was in compliance with this Ratio at December 31, 2015.

In 2014, the Corporation amended the Credit Agreement to ensure the impact of the business combination with TXI did not impair liquidity available under the Term Loan Facility and the Revolving Facility. The amendment adjusted consolidated EBITDA, as defined, to add back fees, costs or expenses relating to the TXI business combination incurred on or prior to the closing

of the combination not to exceed $95,000,000; any integration or similar costs or expenses related to the TXI business combination incurred in any period prior to the second anniversary of the closing of the TXI business combination not to exceed $70,000,000; and any make-whole fees incurred in connection with the redemption of TXI’s 9.25% senior notes due 2020.

Under the Term Loan Facility, the Corporation made required quarterly principal payments equal to 1.25% of the original principal balance during 2015 and is required to make quarterly principal payments equal to 1.875% of the remaining principal balance during the remaining years, with the remaining outstanding principal, together with interest accrued thereon, due in full on November 29, 2018.

The Revolving Facility expires on November 29, 2018, with any outstanding principal amounts, together with interest accrued thereon, due in full on that date. Available borrowings under the Revolving Facility are reduced by any outstanding letters of credit issued by the Corporation under the Revolving Facility. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Corporation had $2,507,000 of outstanding letters of credit issued under the Revolving Facility. The Corporation paid the bank group an upfront loan commitment fee that is being amortized over the life of the Revolving Facility. The Revolving Facility includes an annual facility fee.

The Corporation, through a wholly-owned special-purpose subsidiary, has a $250,000,000 trade receivable securitization facility (the “Trade Receivable Facility”), which matures on September 30, 2016. The Trade Receivable Facility, with SunTrust Bank, Regions Bank, PNC Bank, National Association and certain other lenders that may become a party to the facility from time to time, is backed by eligible trade receivables, as defined, of $364,419,000 and $369,575,000 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. These receivables are originated by the Corporation and then sold to the special-purpose subsidiary wholly-owned by the Corporation. Borrowings under the Trade Receivable Facility bear interest at a rate equal to one-month LIBOR plus 0.7% and are limited to the lesser of the facility limit or the borrowing base, as defined, of $282,258,000 and $313,428,000 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Corporation continues to be responsible for the servicing and administration of the receivables purchased by the wholly-owned special-purpose subsidiary.

Martin Marietta  |  Page 26

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The Corporation’s long-term debt maturities for the five years following December 31, 2015, and thereafter are:

(add 000)
2016	$	19,246
2017		318,028
2018		486,843
2019		90
2020		60
Thereafter		748,628
Total	$	1,572,895

The Corporation has a $5,000,000 short-term line of credit. No amounts were outstanding under this line of credit at December 31, 2015 or 2014.

Accumulated other comprehensive loss includes the unamortized value of terminated forward starting interest rate swap agreements. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Corporation recognized $1,280,000, $1,188,000 and $1,108,000, respectively, as additional interest expense. The ongoing amortization of the terminated value of the forward starting interest rate swap agreements will increase annual interest expense by approximately $1,400,000 until the maturity of the 6.6% Senior Notes in 2018.

Note H: Financial Instruments

The Corporation’s financial instruments include temporary cash investments, accounts receivable, notes receivable, bank overdraft, accounts payable, publicly-registered long-term notes, debentures and other long-term debt.

Temporary cash investments are placed primarily in money market funds and money market demand deposit accounts with the following financial institutions: BB&T, Comerica Bank and Regions Bank. The Corporation’s cash equivalents have maturities of less than three months. Due to the short maturity of these investments, they are carried on the consolidated balance sheets at cost, which approximates fair value.

Accounts receivable are due from a large number of customers, primarily in the construction industry, and are dispersed across wide geographic and economic regions. However, accounts receivable are more heavily concentrated in certain states, namely Texas, Colorado, North Carolina, Iowa and Georgia. The estimated fair values of accounts receivable approximate their carrying amounts.

Notes receivable are primarily promissory notes with customers and are not publicly traded. Management estimates that the fair value of notes receivable approximates its carrying amount.

The bank overdraft represents amounts to be funded to financial institutions for checks that have cleared the bank. The estimated fair value of the bank overdraft approximates its carrying value.

Accounts payable represent amounts owed to suppliers and vendors. The estimated fair value of accounts payable approximates its carrying amount due to the short-term nature of the payables.

The carrying values and fair values of the Corporation’s long-term debt were $1,572,895,000 and $1,625,193,000, respectively, at December 31, 2015 and $1,585,395,000 and $1,680,584,000, respectively, at December 31, 2014. The estimated fair value of the Corporation’s publicly-registered long-term debt was estimated based on Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy using quoted market prices. The estimated fair values of other borrowings, which primarily represent variable-rate debt, approximate their carrying amounts as the interest rates reset periodically.

Note I: Income Taxes

The components of the Corporation’s tax expense (benefit) on income from continuing operations are as follows:

years ended December 31 (add 000)	2015			2014			2013
Federal income taxes:
Current	$	20,627		$	35,313		$	30,856
Deferred		85,295			46,616			8,399
Total federal income taxes		105,922			81,929			39,255
State income taxes:
Current		18,153			10,307			3,201
Deferred		930			3,376			478
Total state income taxes		19,083			13,683			3,679
Foreign income taxes:
Current		99			1,262			972
Deferred		(241	)		(2,027	)		139
Total foreign income taxes		(142	)		(765	)		1,111
Total taxes on income	$	124,863		$	94,847		$	44,045

The increase in federal deferred tax expense in 2015 and 2014 is attributable to the utilization of net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards acquired in the acquisition of TXI to the extent allowed. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the benefit related to the utilization of federal NOL carryforwards, reflected in current tax expense, was $156,554,000 and $16,940,000, respectively.

Martin Marietta  |  Page 27

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

For the year ended December 31, 2015, the realized tax benefit for stock-based compensation transactions was $871,000 less than the amounts estimated during the vesting periods, resulting in a decrease in the pool of excess tax credits. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, excess tax benefits attributable to stock-based compensation transactions that were recorded to shareholders’ equity amounted to $2,508,000 and $2,368,000, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, foreign pretax loss was $1,175,000, $10,557,000 and $10,277,000, respectively. In 2014, current foreign tax expense primarily related to unrecognized tax benefits for tax positions taken in prior years and the deferred foreign tax benefit primarily related to the true-up of deferred tax liabilities. In 2013, current foreign tax expense was primarily attributable to the settlement of the Canadian Advance Pricing Agreement (“APA”). The tax effect of currency translations included in foreign taxes was immaterial.

The Corporation’s effective income tax rate on continuing operations varied from the statutory United States income tax rate because of the following permanent tax differences:

years ended December 31	2015	2014	2013
Statutory tax rate	35.0%	35.0%	35.0%
(Reduction) increase resulting from:
Effect of statutory depletion	(7.8)	(9.6)	(12.0)
State income taxes	3.0	3.6	1.5
Domestic production deduction	(0.1)	(0.9)	(2.1)
Transfer pricing	–	(0.2)	0.9
Goodwill write off	0.4	3.9	–
Foreign tax rate differential	–	1.3	2.1
Disallowed compensation	0.2	3.7	0.3
Purchase accounting transaction costs	–	2.4	–
Other items	(0.5)	(1.1)	1.1
Effective income tax rate	30.2%	38.1%	26.8%

For income tax purposes, the statutory depletion deduction is calculated as a percentage of sales, subject to certain limitations. Due to these limitations, the impact of changes in the sales volumes and earnings may not proportionately affect the Corporation’s statutory depletion deduction and the corresponding impact on the effective income tax rate on continuing operations.

The Corporation is entitled to receive a 9% tax deduction related to income from domestic (i.e., United States) production activities. The deduction reduced income tax expense and increased consolidated net earnings by $222,000, or

less than $0.01 per diluted share, in 2015, $3,239,000, or $0.05 per diluted share, in 2014, and $3,979,000, or $0.09 per diluted share, in 2013.

In 2015 and 2014, the Corporation wrote off goodwill not deductible for income tax purposes as part of the sale of certain operations. In addition, the Corporation incurred certain compensation and transaction expenses in 2014 in connection with the TXI acquisition that are not deductible for income tax purposes, which increased the effective income tax rate.

The principal components of the Corporation’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

December 31	Deferred Assets (Liabilities)
(add 000)	2015			2014
Deferred tax assets related to:
Employee benefits	$	56,302		$	74,288
Inventories		75,907			64,484
Valuation and other reserves		42,857			48,278
Net operating loss carryforwards		11,448			171,781
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		67,757			70,367
Alternative Minimum Tax credit carryforward		48,197			28,809
Gross deferred tax assets		302,468			458,007
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets		(8,967	)		(6,133	)
Total net deferred tax assets		293,501			451,874
Deferred tax liabilities related to:
Property, plant and equipment		(593,767	)		(638,730	)
Goodwill and other intangibles		(266,436	)		(288,471	)
Other items, net		(16,757	)		(14,618	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(876,960	)		(941,819	)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(583,459	)	$	(489,945	)

The increase in the net deferred tax liability is primarily a result of the utilization of deferred tax assets related to net operating loss carryforwards, offset by the recognition of deferred tax liabilities resulting from the sale of the California cement operations.

Deferred tax assets for employee benefits result from the temporary differences between the deductions for pension and postretirement obligations and stock-based compensation transactions. For financial reporting purposes, such amounts are expensed based on authoritative accounting guidance. For income tax purposes, amounts related to pension and postretirement obligations are deductible as funded. Amounts related to stock-based compensation transactions are deductible for income tax purposes upon vesting or exercise of the under-

Martin Marietta  |  Page 28

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

lying award. Deferred tax assets are carried on stock options with exercise prices in excess of the Corporation’s stock price at December 31, 2015. If these options expire without being exercised, the deferred tax assets are written off by reducing the pool of excess tax benefits to the extent available and expensing any excess.

The Corporation had domestic federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $273,251,000 (federal $33,863,000; state $239,388,000) and $710,163,000 (federal $465,467,000; state $244,696,000) at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. These carryforwards have various expiration dates through 2035. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, deferred tax assets associated with these carryforwards were $11,448,000 and $171,781,000, respectively, net of unrecognized tax benefits, for which valuation allowances of $8,690,000 and $5,084,000, respectively, were recorded. The Corporation recorded a $3,714,000 valuation reserve in 2015 for certain state net operating loss carryforwards, which was driven by the sale of the California cement operations. The Corporation also had domestic tax credit carryforwards of $3,179,000 and $3,682,000 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, for which valuation allowances were recorded in the amount of $277,000 and $1,049,000 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Federal tax credit carryforwards recorded at December 31, 2015 will begin to expire in 2025. State tax credit carryforwards recorded at December 31, 2015 expire in 2018. At December 31, 2015, the Corporation also had Alternative Minimum Tax (“AMT”) credit carryforwards of $48,197,000, which do not expire.

Deferred tax liabilities for property, plant and equipment result from accelerated depreciation methods being used for income tax purposes as compared with the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes.

Deferred tax liabilities related to goodwill and other intangibles reflect the cessation of goodwill amortization for financial reporting purposes, while amortization continues for income tax purposes. No deferred tax liabilities were recorded on goodwill acquired in the TXI acquisition.

The Corporation provides deferred taxes, as required, on the undistributed net earnings of all non-U.S. subsidiaries for which the indefinite reversal criterion has not been met. The Corporation expects to reinvest permanently the earnings from its wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary and accordingly, has not provided deferred taxes on the subsidiary’s undistributed

net earnings. The Canadian subsidiary’s undistributed net earnings are estimated to be $32,284,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015. The unrecognized deferred tax liability for temporary differences related to the investment in the wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary is estimated to be $1,815,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015.

The following table summarizes the Corporation’s unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and correlative effects:

years ended December 31 (add 000)	2015			2014			2013
Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year	$	21,107		$	11,826		$	15,380
Gross increases – tax positions in prior years		3,079			2,075			9,845
Gross decreases – tax positions in prior years		(3,512	)		(203	)		(5,121	)
Gross increases – tax positions in current year		4,978			3,369			2,540
Gross decreases – tax positions in current year		(594	)		(51	)		(529	)
Settlements with taxing authorities		–			–			(8,599	)
Lapse of statute of limitations		(6,331	)		(1,872	)		(1,690	)
Unrecognized tax benefits assumed with acquisition		–			5,963			–
Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year	$	18,727		$	21,107		$	11,826

For the year ended December 31, 2014, the unrecognized tax benefits assumed with acquisition included positions acquired in the acquisition of TXI. For the year ended December 31, 2013, settlements with taxing authorities related to the Canadian APA settlement.

At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, unrecognized tax benefits of $7,975,000, $9,362,000 and $6,301,000, respectively, related to interest accruals and permanent income tax differences net of federal tax benefits, would have favorably affected the Corporation’s effective income tax rate if recognized.

Unrecognized tax benefits are reversed as a discrete event if an examination of applicable tax returns is not begun by a federal or state tax authority within the statute of limitations or upon effective settlement with federal or state tax authorities. Management believes its accrual for unrecognized tax benefits is sufficient to cover uncertain tax positions reviewed during audits by taxing authorities. The Corporation anticipates that it is reasonably possible that its unrecognized tax benefits may decrease up to $1,455,000,

Martin Marietta  |  Page 29

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

excluding indirect benefits, during the twelve months ending December 31, 2016 due to the expiration of the statute of limitations for the 2011 and 2012 tax years.

For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, $2,364,000 or $0.04 per diluted share, $687,000 or $0.01 per diluted share, and $1,368,000 or $0.03 per diluted share, respectively, were reversed into income upon the statute of limitations expiration for the 2009, 2010 and 2011 tax years.

The Corporation’s open tax years subject to federal, state or foreign examinations are 2011 through 2015.

Note J: Retirement Plans, Postretirement and Postemployment Benefits

The Corporation sponsors defined benefit retirement plans that cover substantially all employees. Additionally, the Corporation provides other postretirement benefits for certain employees, including medical benefits for retirees and their spouses and retiree life insurance. The Corporation also provides certain benefits, such as disability benefits, to former or inactive employees after employment but before retirement.

In connection with the TXI acquisition in 2014, the Corporation assumed three defined benefit plans, including two pension plans and a postretirement health benefit plan. The assets and obligations associated with these plans are reflected in the assets and obligations as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, in the tables below.

The measurement date for the Corporation’s defined benefit plans, postretirement benefit plans and postemployment benefit plans is December 31.

Defined Benefit Retirement Plans. Retirement plan assets invested in listed stocks, bonds, hedge funds, real estate and cash equivalents. Defined retirement benefits for salaried employees are based on each employee’s years of service and average compensation for a specified period of time before retirement. Defined retirement benefits for hourly employees are generally stated amounts for specified periods of service.

The Corporation sponsors a Supplemental Excess Retirement Plan (“SERP”) that generally provides for the payment of retirement benefits in excess of allowable Internal Revenue

Code limits. The SERP generally provides for a lump-sum payment of vested benefits. When these benefit payments exceed the sum of the service and interest costs for the SERP during a year, the Corporation recognizes a pro-rata portion of the SERP’s unrecognized actuarial loss as settlement expense.

The net periodic retirement benefit cost of defined benefit plans includes the following components:

years ended December 31 (add 000)	2015			2014			2013
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	23,001		$	17,125		$	16,121
Interest cost		33,151			28,935			23,016
Expected return on assets		(36,385	)		(32,661	)		(26,660	)
Amortization of:
Prior service cost		422			445			449
Actuarial loss		17,159			4,045			15,679
Transition asset		(1	)		(1	)		(1	)
Settlement charge		–			–			729
Termination benefit charge		2,085			13,652			–
Net periodic benefit cost	$	39,432		$	31,540		$	29,333

The expected return on assets is based on the fair value of the plan assets. The termination benefit charge represents the increased benefits payable to former TXI executives as part of their change-in-control agreements.

The Corporation recognized the following amounts in consolidated comprehensive earnings:

years ended December 31 (add 000)	2015			2014			2013
Actuarial loss (gain)	$	9,916		$	105,546		$	(90,755	)
Amortization of:
Prior service cost		(422	)		(445	)		(449	)
Actuarial loss		(17,159	)		(4,045	)		(15,679	)
Transition asset		1			1			1
Special plan termination benefits		(2,085	)		–			–
Settlement charge