Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

7.Income Taxes

The Company's effective income tax rate reflects the effect of federal and state income taxes on earnings and the impact of differences in book and tax accounting arising primarily from the permanent tax benefits associated with the statutory depletion deduction for mineral reserves. The effective income tax rates were 20.5% and 25.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The higher 2024 effective income tax rate versus 2025 was driven by the impact of the February 2024 divestiture of the South Texas cement business and certain related ready mixed concrete operations, which reflected the write off of certain nondeductible goodwill and was treated as a discrete tax event.

The Company invests in renewable energy investment entities which qualify for tax credits and other tax benefits (RETC projects) and are accounted for under the proportional amortization method. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company's annualized effective tax rate includes the proportional amortization of these investments of $46 million, offset by $42 million of tax credits and $8 million of other tax benefits. The proportional amortization and related tax credits and benefits for the six months ended June 30, 2024 were immaterial.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company has committed to equity contributions of $45 million for tax equity investments related to RETC projects. These commitments, which are expected to be paid in 2025, are recorded in Other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. On July 1, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement to invest an additional $45 million for RETC projects by the end of 2025.

The Internal Revenue Service has provided certain disaster tax relief for North Carolina businesses affected by Hurricanes Debby and Helene, which allows the Company to defer estimated federal and certain state income, payroll and excise tax payments for the period from August 2024 through September 2025. The deferred obligation will be due September 25, 2025. The Company had deferred income tax payments of $150 million under this provision as of June 30, 2025.

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) that, among other provisions, makes 100% bonus depreciation permanent, restores the ability to expense domestic research expenditures, and modifies the taxation of foreign earnings. The OBBBA is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s annual estimated income tax rate, but will result in a reclassification between current taxes payable and deferred tax liabilities which will be reflected in the period ending September 30, 2025.