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Goodwill and Other Intangibles
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Other Intangibles Goodwill and Other Intangibles:
The following table summarizes the changes in goodwill by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
LithiumBromine
Catalysts(c)
All OtherTotal
Balance at December 31, 2019
$1,370,846 $20,319 $181,034 $6,586 $1,578,785 
Acquisitions(a)
4,585 — — — 4,585 
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other66,350 — 15,800 — 82,150 
Balance at December 31, 2020
1,441,781 20,319 196,834 6,586 1,665,520 
Divestitures(b)
— — — (6,586)(6,586)
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other(47,599)— (13,708)— (61,307)
Balance at December 31, 2021
$1,394,182 $20,319 $183,126 $— $1,597,627 

(a)    Amount recorded during the year ended December 31, 2020 represents the finalization of the purchase price adjustments for the Wodgina Project acquisition during the one-year measurement period. See Note 2, “Acquisitions,” for additional information.
(b)    Represents goodwill of the FCS business. See Note 3, “Divestitures,” for additional information.
(c)    Balance at December 31, 2021 and 2020 consists of goodwill related to Refining Solutions (composed of our clean fuels technologies (“CFT”) and fluidized catalytic cracking (“FCC”) catalysts and additives businesses) of $176.0 million and $189.8 million, respectively, and performance catalyst solutions (“PCS”) of $7.1 million and $7.0 million, respectively.
Other intangibles consist of the following at December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Customer Lists and Relationships
Trade Names and Trademarks(b)
Patents and TechnologyOtherTotal
Gross Asset Value
Balance at December 31, 2019
$422,462 $18,087 $55,020 $41,282 $536,851 
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other26,286 623 3,076 (1,418)28,567 
Balance at December 31, 2020
448,748 18,710 58,096 39,864 565,418 
    Divestitures(a)
— — — (1,473)(1,473)
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other(20,369)(827)(783)(1,686)(23,665)
Balance at December 31, 2021
$428,379 $17,883 $57,313 $36,705 $540,280 
Accumulated Amortization
Balance at December 31, 2019
$(116,749)$(7,938)$(36,197)$(21,345)$(182,229)
Amortization(22,575)— (1,377)(970)(24,922)
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other(7,962)(238)(1,926)964 (9,162)
Balance at December 31, 2020
(147,286)(8,176)(39,500)(21,351)(216,313)
Amortization(22,982)— (1,461)(891)(25,334)
    Divestitures(a)
— — — 1,457 1,457 
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other6,985 193 1,165 514 8,857 
Balance at December 31, 2021
$(163,283)$(7,983)$(39,796)$(20,271)$(231,333)
Net Book Value at December 31, 2020
$301,462 $10,534 $18,596 $18,513 $349,105 
Net Book Value at December 31, 2021
$265,096 $9,900 $17,517 $16,434 $308,947 

(a)Represents other intangibles of the FCS business. See Note 3, “Divestitures,” for additional information.
(b)Net Book Value includes only indefinite-lived intangible assets.
Useful lives range from 13 – 25 years for customer lists and relationships; 8 – 20 years for patents and technology; and primarily 5 – 25 years for other.
Amortization of other intangibles amounted to $25.3 million, $24.9 million and $27.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Included in amortization for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 is $19.3 million, $19.1 million and $19.5 million, respectively, of amortization using the pattern of economic benefit method.
Total estimated amortization expense of other intangibles for the next five fiscal years is as follows (in thousands):
Estimated Amortization Expense
2022$24,365 
2023$23,797 
2024$23,201 
2025$22,479 
2026$21,958