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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes:
The effective income tax rate for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 was 21.5% and 19.7%, respectively, compared to 19.0% and 20.0% for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017, respectively. The Company’s effective income tax rate fluctuates based on, among other factors, its level and location of income. The difference between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% and our effective income tax rate for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 was impacted by a variety of factors, primarily stemming from the location in which income was earned. Income tax expense for the three-month and six-month period ended June 30, 2018 included discrete tax adjustments of $42.0 million for the disposition of the polyolefin catalysts and components portion of our PCS business as described in Note 2, “Divestitures,” and $8.5 million for a valuation allowance recorded due to a foreign restructuring plan, partially offset by an $8.0 million benefit for tax accounting method changes. In addition, Income tax expense for the six-month period ended June 30, 2018 included a $6.5 million benefit for adjustments related to the accounting for the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) as noted below and $7.2 million in excess tax benefits realized from stock-based compensation arrangements. The difference between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 35% and our effective income tax rate for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 was primarily due to the impact of earnings from outside the U.S., and is mainly attributable to our share of the income of our Jordan Bromine Company Limited (“JBC”) joint venture, a Free Zones company under the laws of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. In addition, Income tax expense for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017 included foreign rate changes of $13.1 million and a $5.1 million out-of-period adjustment due to changes in our deferred tax liabilities for basis differences in Chilean fixed assets, partially offset by a $9.8 million benefit from the release of valuation allowances due to a foreign restructuring plan that was initiated during the quarter and a $4.7 million reduction from the tax effects of share-based compensation awards.
In connection with the TCJA, we recorded a provisional amount of income tax expense of $429.2 million related to the one-time transition tax and income tax benefit of $62.3 million related to the remeasurement of deferred tax balances for the year ended December 31, 2017. In accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 118, the effects of the TCJA may be adjusted within a one-year measurement period from the enactment date for the items that were previously reported as provisional, or where a provisional estimate could not be made. The income tax provision for the six-month period ended June 30, 2018 reflects a discrete tax benefit of $2.8 million related to an adjustment of our estimate of the one-time transition tax and a discrete tax benefit of $3.7 million related to other provisions of the TCJA. In addition, the effective income tax rate for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018, includes a $3.1 million and $6.1 million, respectively, net tax expense, primarily related to global intangible low-taxed income enacted by the TCJA. For the global intangible low-taxed income provisions of the TCJA, we have not yet elected an accounting policy with respect to either recognizing deferred taxes for basis differences expected to impact global intangible low-taxed income, or to record such as period costs if and when incurred. We also continue to evaluate our indefinite reinvestment assertion as a result of the TCJA. We will continue to assess forthcoming guidance and accounting interpretations on the effects of the TCJA and expect to finalize our analysis within the measurement period in accordance with the SEC guidance.