11. Fair Value

Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value

Derivative Financial Instruments

Currently, the Company uses interest rate cap agreements to manage its interest rate risk. These instruments are carried at fair value in the Company’s financial statements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of counterparty nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of its net position with a given counterparty, as well as any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees. The Company minimizes its credit risk on these transactions by dealing with major, creditworthy financial institutions which have an A or better credit rating by the Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group. As part of its on-going control procedures, the Company monitors the credit ratings of counterparties and the exposure of the Company to any single entity, thus reducing credit risk concentration. The Company believes the likelihood of realizing losses from counterparty nonperformance is remote. Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives use Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. As of March 31, 2014, the Company assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined it is not significant. As a result, the Company has determined that its derivative valuations are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Hedge ineffectiveness did not have a material impact on earnings of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2014, or any prior period, and the Company does not anticipate that it will have a material effect in the future.

The following table summarizes the consolidated Hedging Derivatives at March 31, 2014, excluding derivatives executed to hedge debt on communities classified as held for sale (dollars in thousands):

	Non-
	designated		Cash Flow
	Hedges		Hedges
	Interest		Interest
	Rate Caps		Rate Caps

Notional balance	$	610,685	$	133,945
Weighted average interest rate (1)	1.7%		2.5%
Weighted average capped interest rate	5.9%		4.9%
Earliest maturity date	Aug-14		Apr-15
Latest maturity date	Aug-18		Jun-15

(1)Represents the weighted average interest rate on the hedged debt.

Excluding derivatives executed to hedge secured debt on communities classified as held for sale, the Company had three derivatives designated as cash flow hedges and 14 derivatives not designated as hedges at March 31, 2014. Fair value changes for derivatives not in qualifying hedge relationships for the three months ended at March 31, 2014 were not material. Fair value changes for derivatives not in qualifying hedge relationships for the three months ended March 31, 2013 resulted in an unrecognized gain of approximately $1,414,000, included in interest expense, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The Company reclassified $1,573,000 and $1,391,000 of deferred losses from accumulated other comprehensive income as a charge to earnings, for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company anticipates reclassifying approximately $5,493,000 of hedging losses from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings within the next 12 months to offset the variability of cash flows of the hedged items during this period.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

The Company provided redemption options (the “Puts”) that allow joint venture partners of the Company to require the Company to purchase their interests in the investment at a guaranteed minimum amount related to three ventures. The Puts are payable in cash. The Company determines the fair value of the Puts based on unobservable inputs considering the assumptions that market participants would make in pricing the obligations, applying a guaranteed rate of return to the joint venture partners’ net capital contribution balances as of period end. Given the significance of the unobservable inputs, the valuations are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company issued units of limited partnership interest in DownREITs which provide the DownREIT limited partners the ability to present all or some of their units for redemption for cash as determined by the partnership agreement. Under the DownREIT agreements, for each limited partnership unit, the limited partner is entitled to receive cash in the amount equal to the fair value of the Company’s common stock on or about the date of redemption. In lieu of cash redemption, the Company may elect to exchange such units for an equal number of shares of the Company’s common stock. The limited partnership units in the DownREITs are valued using the market price of the Company’s common stock, a Level 1 price under the fair value hierarchy.

Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent balances are held with various financial institutions within principal protected accounts. The Company monitors credit ratings of these financial institutions and the concentration of cash and cash equivalent balances with any one financial institution and believes the likelihood of realizing material losses related to cash and cash equivalent balances is remote. Cash and cash equivalents are carried at their face amounts, which reasonably approximate their fair values and are Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.

Other Financial Instruments

The Company values its unsecured notes using quoted market prices, a Level 1 price within the fair value hierarchy. The Company values its notes payable and outstanding amounts under the Credit Facility using a discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each instrument. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the instrument, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves. The process also considers credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect the Company’s nonperformance risk. The Company has concluded that the value of its notes payable and amounts outstanding under its Credit Facility and Term Loan are Level 2 prices as the majority of the inputs used to value its positions fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Financial Instruments Measured/Disclosed at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table summarizes the classification between the three levels of the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments measured/disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis (dollars in thousands):

				Quoted Prices			Significant
				in Active			Other			Significant
	Total Fair Value			Markets for			Observable			Unobservable
				Identical Assets			Inputs			Inputs
Description	3/31/2014			(Level 1)			(Level 2)			(Level 3)

Interest Rate Caps	$	65		$	—		$	65		$	—
Puts	(14,582		)	—			—			(14,582		)
DownREIT units	(985		)	(985		)	—			—
Indebtedness	(6,604,144		)	(2,698,092		)	(3,906,052		)	—
Total	$	(6,619,646	)	$	(2,699,077	)	$	(3,905,987	)	$	(14,582	)