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Segment Reporting (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of reconciliation of NOI to net income
A reconciliation of NOI to net income for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is as follows (dollars in thousands):

 
For the year ended
 
12/31/18
 
12/31/17
 
12/31/16
Net income
$
974,175

 
$
876,660

 
$
1,033,708

Indirect operating expenses, net of corporate income
76,522

 
65,398

 
61,403

Investments and investment management expense
7,709

 
5,936

 
4,822

Expensed acquisition, development and other pursuit costs, net of recoveries
4,309

 
2,736

 
9,922

Interest expense, net
220,974

 
199,661

 
187,510

Loss on extinguishment of debt, net
17,492

 
25,472

 
7,075

General and administrative expense
56,365

 
50,673

 
45,771

Equity in income of unconsolidated real estate entities
(15,270
)
 
(70,744
)
 
(64,962
)
Depreciation expense
631,196

 
584,150

 
531,434

Income tax (benefit) expense
(160
)
 
141

 
305

Casualty and impairment loss (gain), net
215

 
6,250

 
(3,935
)
Gain on sale of communities
(374,976
)
 
(252,599
)
 
(374,623
)
(Gain) loss on other real estate transactions
(345
)
 
10,907

 
(10,224
)
Net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale
(58,620
)
 
(84,650
)
 
(114,219
)
Net operating income
$
1,539,586

 
$
1,419,991

 
$
1,313,987
Schedule of net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale, not classified as discontinued operations
The following is a summary of NOI from real estate assets sold or held for sale for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

 
For the year ended
 
12/31/2018
 
12/31/2017
 
12/31/2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental income from real estate assets sold or held for sale
$
88,865

 
$
133,956

 
$
179,226

Operating expenses from real estate assets sold or held for sale
(30,245
)
 
(49,306
)
 
(65,007
)
Net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale
$
58,620

 
$
84,650

 
$
114,219
Schedule of details of segment information
 
Total
revenue
 
NOI
 
Gross
real estate (1)
For the year ended December 31, 2018
 

 
 

 
 

Established
 

 
 

 
 

New England
$
239,638

 
$
157,109

 
$
2,014,158

Metro NY/NJ
360,430

 
254,132

 
3,086,133

Mid-Atlantic
237,113

 
165,724

 
2,226,315

Pacific Northwest
86,571

 
62,194

 
727,652

Northern California
366,834

 
280,994

 
2,986,068

Southern California
341,840

 
245,356

 
2,921,616

Total Established (2)
1,632,426

 
1,165,509

 
13,961,942

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Stabilized
262,053

 
178,172

 
2,934,711

Development / Redevelopment
297,619

 
195,905

 
5,201,454

Land Held for Future Development
N/A

 
N/A

 
84,712

Non-allocated (3)
3,572

 
N/A

 
94,350

Total
$
2,195,670

 
$
1,539,586

 
$
22,277,169

 
 
 
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2017
 

 
 

 
 

Established
 

 
 

 
 

New England
$
232,688

 
$
152,514

 
$
1,993,653

Metro NY/NJ
354,444

 
251,760

 
3,071,563

Mid-Atlantic
232,987

 
161,546

 
2,216,292

Pacific Northwest
84,313

 
61,705

 
724,751

Northern California
357,209

 
273,940

 
2,972,311

Southern California
330,024

 
237,796

 
2,905,512

Total Established (2)
1,591,665

 
1,139,261

 
13,884,082

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Stabilized
193,594

 
127,678

 
2,571,356

Development / Redevelopment (4)
235,266

 
153,052

 
4,104,956

Land Held for Future Development
N/A

 
N/A

 
68,364

Non-allocated (3)
4,147

 
N/A

 
78,864

Real estate disposed or held for sale (5)
 
 
 
 
1,228,314

Total
$
2,024,672

 
$
1,419,991

 
$
21,935,936

 
 
 
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2016
 

 
 

 
 

Established
 

 
 

 
 

New England
$
209,935

 
$
136,019

 
$
1,667,171

Metro NY/NJ
294,199

 
204,882

 
2,412,742

Mid-Atlantic
203,003

 
141,624

 
1,862,091

Pacific Northwest
79,958

 
57,857

 
731,277

Northern California
331,610

 
253,582

 
2,812,859

Southern California
313,404

 
224,955

 
2,840,773

Total Established (2)
1,432,109

 
1,018,919

 
12,326,913

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Stabilized
221,272

 
151,475

 
2,650,966

Development / Redevelopment (6)
207,049

 
143,593

 
4,154,778

Land Held for Future Development
N/A

 
N/A

 
84,293

Non-allocated (3)
5,599

 
N/A

 
80,700

Real estate disposed or held for sale (5)
 
 
 
 
1,458,130

Total
$
1,866,029

 
$
1,313,987

 
$
20,755,780

_________________________________
(1)
Does not include gross real estate assets held for sale of $65,408 and $20,846 as of December 31, 2018 and 2016, respectively.
(2)
Gross real estate for the Company's Established Communities includes capitalized additions of approximately $78,469, $78,241 and $85,676 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(3)
Revenue represents third-party management, accounting, and developer fees and miscellaneous income which are not allocated to a reportable segment.
(4)
Total revenue and NOI for the year ended December 31, 2017 includes $3,495 in business interruption insurance proceeds related to the Maplewood casualty loss.
(5)
Represents real estate sold or held for sale between the reported year end date and December 31, 2018, which is not allocated to a reportable segment.
(6)
Total revenue and NOI for the year ended December 31, 2016 includes $20,306 in business interruption insurance proceeds related to the Edgewater casualty loss.