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Segment Reporting (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of reconciliation of NOI to net income
A reconciliation of NOI to net income for years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 is as follows (dollars in thousands):

 
For the year ended
 
12/31/17
 
12/31/16
 
12/31/15
Net income
$
876,660

 
$
1,033,708

 
$
741,733

Indirect operating expenses, net of corporate income
65,398

 
61,403

 
56,973

Investments and investment management expense
5,936

 
4,822

 
4,370

Expensed acquisition, development and other pursuit costs, net of recoveries
2,736

 
9,922

 
6,822

Interest expense, net
199,661

 
187,510

 
175,615

Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net
25,472

 
7,075

 
(26,736
)
General and administrative expense
50,673

 
45,771

 
42,774

Equity in income of unconsolidated real estate entities
(70,744
)
 
(64,962
)
 
(70,018
)
Depreciation expense
584,150

 
531,434

 
477,923

Income tax expense
141

 
305

 
1,483

Casualty and impairment loss (gain), net
6,250

 
(3,935
)
 
(10,542
)
Gain on sale of communities
(252,599
)
 
(374,623
)
 
(115,625
)
Loss (gain) on other real estate transactions
10,907

 
(10,224
)
 
(9,647
)
Net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale
(14,573
)
 
(44,263
)
 
(59,383
)
Net operating income
$
1,490,068

 
$
1,383,943

 
$
1,215,742
Schedule of net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale, not classified as discontinued operations
The following is a summary of NOI from real estate assets sold or held for sale for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

 
For the year ended
 
12/31/2017
 
12/31/2016
 
12/31/2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental income from real estate assets sold or held for sale
$
23,457

 
$
70,273

 
$
96,297

Operating expenses from real estate assets sold or held for sale
(8,884
)
 
(26,010
)
 
(36,914
)
Net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale
$
14,573

 
$
44,263

 
$
59,383
Schedule of details of segment information
 
Total
revenue
 
NOI
 
% NOI change
from prior year
 
Gross
real estate (1)
For the year ended December 31, 2017
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Established
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

New England
$
233,091

 
$
150,253

 
2.1
%
 
$
1,852,676

Metro NY/NJ
362,273

 
247,720

 
2.1
%
 
3,069,690

Mid-Atlantic
221,064

 
153,750

 
1.5
%
 
2,056,066

Pacific Northwest
84,189

 
61,527

 
6.3
%
 
738,532

Northern California
336,767

 
257,673

 
1.6
%
 
2,830,963

Southern California
337,876

 
241,549

 
3.9
%
 
3,017,836

Total Established (2)
1,575,260

 
1,112,472

 
2.5
%
 
13,565,763

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Stabilized
278,868

 
196,733

 
N/A

 
3,189,393

Development / Redevelopment (3)
276,896

 
180,863

 
N/A

 
5,015,094

Land Held for Future Development
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
68,364

Non-allocated (4)
4,147

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
97,322

Total
$
2,135,171

 
$
1,490,068

 
7.7
%
 
$
21,935,936

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2016
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Established
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

New England
$
226,727

 
$
145,671

 
4.8
%
 
$
1,888,524

Metro NY/NJ
359,373

 
245,654

 
1.2
%
 
3,212,220

Mid-Atlantic
233,711

 
162,243

 
1.3
%
 
2,339,395

Pacific Northwest
72,475

 
52,434

 
7.4
%
 
737,289

Northern California
319,121

 
244,458

 
7.0
%
 
2,661,258

Southern California
291,567

 
207,537

 
9.1
%
 
2,672,691

Total Established (2)
1,502,974

 
1,057,997

 
4.8
%
 
13,511,377

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Stabilized (5)
232,977

 
165,130

 
N/A

 
2,330,503

Development / Redevelopment
233,432

 
160,816

 
N/A

 
4,755,315

Land Held for Future Development
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
84,293

Non-allocated (4)
5,599

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
74,292

Total
$
1,974,982

 
$
1,383,943

 
13.8
%
 
$
20,755,780

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2015
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Established
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

New England
$
170,287

 
$
107,189

 
3.0
%
 
$
1,460,746

Metro NY/NJ
342,768

 
244,280

 
3.6
%
 
3,152,361

Mid-Atlantic
209,012

 
145,497

 
0.2
%
 
2,177,823

Pacific Northwest
67,900

 
48,833

 
8.5
%
 
721,040

Northern California
273,432

 
210,226

 
11.9
%
 
2,414,184

Southern California
252,530

 
173,919

 
9.4
%
 
2,465,432

Total Established (2)
1,315,929

 
929,944

 
6.0
%
 
12,391,586

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Stabilized
211,633

 
140,167

 
N/A

 
2,040,269

Development / Redevelopment
222,222

 
145,631

 
N/A

 
4,238,967

Land Held for Future Development
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
484,377

Non-allocated (4)
9,947

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
73,372

Total
$
1,759,731

 
$
1,215,742

 
13.0
%
 
$
19,228,571

_________________________________
(1)
Does not include gross real estate assets held for sale of $20,846 and $39,528 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(2)
Gross real estate for the Company's Established Communities includes capitalized additions of approximately $78,241, $85,676 and $74,982 in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(3)
Total revenue and NOI for the year ended December 31, 2017 includes $3,495 in business interruption insurance proceeds related to the Maplewood casualty loss.
(4)
Revenue represents third-party management, accounting, and developer fees and miscellaneous income which are not allocated to a reportable segment.
(5)
Total revenue and NOI for the year ended December 31, 2016 includes $20,306 in business interruption insurance proceeds related to the Edgewater casualty loss.