485BPOS 1 fp0044912_485bpos.htm

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 28, 2019

 

1933 Act Registration No. 33-72424

1940 Act Registration No. 811-8194

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM N-1A

 

  REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 x
  Pre-Effective Amendment No.  
  Post-Effective Amendment No. 230 x
     
  and/or  
     
  REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 x
  Amendment No. 231 x

 

(Check appropriate box or boxes.)

 

FINANCIAL INVESTORS TRUST

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

1290 Broadway, Suite 1100

Denver, CO 80203

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (303) 623-2577

 

Karen Gilomen

Financial Investors Trust

1290 Broadway, Suite 1100

Denver, CO 80203

(Name and Address of Agent of Service)

 

Copy to:

 

Peter H. Schwartz, Esq.

Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP

1550 17th Street, Suite 500

Denver, CO 80202

 

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Amendment

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):

 

    immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
X   On August 31, 2019, pursuant to paragraph (b)
    60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a) (1)
    on (date), pursuant to paragraph (a) (1)
    75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a) (2)
    on (date), pursuant to paragraph (a) (2)

 

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

    This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

 

 

 

 

 

Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Funds’ annual and semi-annual shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Funds’ website at seafarerfunds.com, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

 

If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change, and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Funds electronically by contacting your financial intermediary or, if you invest directly with the Funds, by logging into your Seafarer Funds account at seafarerfunds.com and enrolling in electronic delivery.

 

You may elect to receive future shareholder reports in paper format free of charge by contacting your financial intermediary or, if you invest directly with the Funds, by calling 1.855.732.9220.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

   

Summary Sections

2

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

2

Seafarer Overseas Value Fund

10

Investment Objectives and Principal Investment Strategies

17

More on the Funds’ Investments and Related Risks

19

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

28

Management

29

Portfolio Managers

30

Administrator, Transfer Agent, and Distributor

31

Buying and Redeeming Shares

32

Share Transactions

39

Dividends and Distributions

42

Taxes

42

Financial Highlights

45

Additional Information About the Funds

Back Cover

 

 

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

 

 

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

Investment Objective

 

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation along with some current income. The Fund seeks to mitigate adverse volatility in returns as a secondary objective.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

 

Investor
Class

Institutional
Class

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees

0.75%

0.75%

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

None

None

Other Expenses

0.24%

0.14%

Other Fund Expenses

0.09%

0.09%

Shareholder Service Plan

0.15%

0.05%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

0.99%

0.89%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement(1)

0.00%

0.00%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement(1)

0.99%

0.89%

 

(1)

Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC (“Seafarer” or the “Adviser”) has agreed contractually to waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver / Expense Reimbursements (inclusive of acquired fund fees and expenses, and exclusive of brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) to 1.15% and 1.05% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Investor and Institutional share classes respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has reimbursed through the Expense Agreement to the extent that the Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fees and expenses were deferred. This agreement may not be terminated or modified prior to August 31, 2020 except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

Example

 

This example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example assumes you purchase your shares on August 31, 2019, and reflects the net operating expenses with expense waivers through the current term of the Expense Agreement, which ends on August 31, 2020. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

 

Prospectus – August 31, 2019

2

 

 

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

 

 

Although your actual costs may
be higher or lower, based on these
assumptions your costs would be:

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Investor Class

$101

$315

$547

$1,212

Institutional Class

$91

$284

$493

$1,095

 

The Example does not include any sales charges that you may pay to a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary. If these sales charges were included, your costs would be higher.

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may also result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 52% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing at least 80% of its total assets in dividend-paying common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities, and debt obligations of foreign companies (which the Fund regards as companies located outside the U.S.), foreign governments and their agencies, where “total assets” means net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

The Fund seeks to offer investors a relatively stable means of participating in a portion of developing countries’ growth prospects, while providing some downside protection, in comparison to a portfolio that invests only in the common stocks of developing countries. The strategy of owning convertible bonds and dividend-paying equities is intended to help the Fund meet its investment objective while reducing the volatility of the portfolio’s returns.

 

The Fund can invest without constraint in the securities of companies located in developing countries. The Fund’s investment adviser, Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC (“Seafarer” or the “Adviser”), considers that most nations in Africa, East and South Asia, Emerging Europe, Central and South America (“Latin America”), and the Middle East are developing countries. Currently, these nations include, but are not limited to:

 

Africa: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Tunisia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

 

East and South Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam

 

Emerging Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey, and Ukraine

 

Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago

 

Middle East: Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates

 

Seafarer identifies developing countries based on its own analysis and measure of industrialization, economic growth, per capita income, and other factors; it may also consider classifications produced by the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation, the United Nations, and private financial services firms such as FTSE and MSCI.

 

The Fund may also invest in the securities of companies located in selected foreign developed nations, which in the Adviser’s opinion have significant economic and financial linkages to developing countries. Currently, and solely with respect to the geographical scope of the Fund, these nations include Australia, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, and the United Kingdom.

 

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Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

 

 

The Adviser determines a company’s location based on a number of factors. A company is generally regarded by the Adviser as being located in a particular country if the company: (i) is organized under the laws of, maintains its principal place of business in, or has, as its principal trading market for the company’s securities, the particular country; or (ii) derives 50% or more of its total revenue or profit from either goods or services produced or sales made in the particular country; or (iii) has more than 50% of its assets in the particular country.

 

Exposure to foreign companies through the Fund’s investments in depositary receipts will be included in the Fund’s percentage of total assets invested in foreign securities.

 

The Fund may typically invest in convertible securities and debt obligations of any quality or duration. Such debt obligations may include, but are not limited to, investments in below investment grade debt, also known as “junk bonds.” The Fund may allocate among equity and debt investments without limitation.

 

The Fund may generally invest in companies of any size or capitalization, including smaller companies. The Fund generally invests in companies with market capitalizations of $250 million or more at the time of purchase. The securities of certain issuers may from time to time constitute more than five percent (5%) of the Fund’s net assets.

 

Principal Risks of the Fund

 

The following is a description of the principal risks of the Fund’s portfolio, which may adversely affect its net asset value and total return. There are other circumstances that could prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. These include additional risks that are not described here, but which are described in the Statement of Additional Information. It is important to read all the disclosure information provided and to understand that you may lose money by investing in the Fund.

 

Cash Sweep Program Risk

 

The Fund may invest in cash sweep programs administered by the Fund’s custodian or another third party through which the Fund’s cash holdings are placed in onshore or offshore interest-bearing savings accounts or demand deposit accounts at various banks. The vehicles through which the Fund’s cash sweep program is administered may include bank deposits that are not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), in which case, a Fund, as an investor in the vehicle, would not be entitled to the protections afforded by the 1940 Act. All sweep vehicles, whether or not registered under the 1940 Act, carry certain risks, which may include absence of FDIC protection, bank failure risk, or, in the case of offshore vehicles, risk of sovereign actions which may result in the seizure or diminution of Fund assets.

 

Common and Preferred Stock Risks

 

The prices of common and preferred stocks fluctuate based on changes in a company’s financial condition and overall market and economic conditions. The Fund may invest in preferred stocks. Because preferred stock is junior to debt securities and other obligations of the issuer, deterioration in the credit quality of the issuer will cause greater changes in the value of a preferred stock than in a more senior debt security with similar stated yield characteristics.

 

Convertible Securities Risk

 

The Fund may invest in convertible preferred stocks, and convertible bonds and debentures. Many convertible securities issued by companies based in developing countries are not rated by rating agencies, or, if they are rated, they may be rated below investment grade (“junk bonds”), which may have a greater risk of default. Investing in a convertible security denominated in a currency different from that of the security into which it is convertible may expose the Fund to currency risk as well as risks associated with the level and volatility of the foreign exchange rate between the security’s currency and the underlying stock’s currency.

 

Currency Risk

 

Changes in foreign currency exchange rates will affect the value of the Fund’s holdings and the Fund’s share price. Generally, when the U.S. dollar rises in value against a foreign currency, an investment in

 

Prospectus – August 31, 2019

4

 

 

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

 

 

that country loses value because that currency is worth fewer U.S. dollars. Devaluation of a currency by a country’s government or banking authority also will have a significant impact on the value of any investments denominated in that currency. Some currencies in developing countries may not be internationally traded, or the currencies may be subject to a variety of controls imposed by local governments. Such restrictions and controls might result in undervalued or overvalued currencies; pronounced volatility in exchange rates; limited trading liquidity; or partial or total restrictions on exchange and repatriation. Any of the aforementioned currency risks may result in any or all of the following: such risks might induce material volatility to the Fund’s net asset value; such risks might alter the fair value of the Fund’s assets; or such risks might compromise the Fund’s liquidity in a material manner, including compromising the Fund’s ability to honor redemption requests from its shareholders.

 

Developing Country Risk

 

The term “developing country” generally denotes countries and economies that are in the initial stages of industrialization, or where such industrialization is not yet complete. Such countries generally have low per capita income. In addition to the risks of foreign securities in general, developing countries are generally more volatile and have relatively unstable governments; social and legal systems that do not protect shareholders; economies based on only a few industries; unstable and possibly elevated levels of inflation; potential for government seizure of assets or nationalization of companies; and securities markets that are substantially smaller, less liquid and more volatile, with less government oversight, than those in more developed countries. Developing countries may be especially prone to currency-related risks.

 

Equity Securities Risk

 

The risks that could affect the value of the Fund’s shares and the total return on your investment include the possibility that the equity securities held by the Fund will experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed income securities. In certain instances, equity securities may decline precipitously or become worthless.

 

Fixed Income Securities Risk

 

A rise in interest rates typically causes bond prices to fall. The longer the duration of the bonds held by a fund, the more sensitive it will likely be to interest rate fluctuations. Duration measures the weighted average term to maturity of a bond’s expected cash flows. Duration also represents the approximate percentage change that the price of a bond would experience for a 1% change in yield.

 

An issuer may not make all interest payments or repay all or any of the principal borrowed. If debt obligations held by the Fund are downgraded by ratings agencies or go into default, or if management action, legislation or other government action reduces the ability of issuers to pay principal and interest when due, the value of those debt obligations may decline and the Fund’s share value and any dividends paid by the Fund may be reduced. In certain instances, fixed income securities may decline precipitously or become worthless.

 

Foreign Securities Risk

 

The value of the Fund’s assets may be adversely affected by political, economic, social and religious instability; inadequate investor protection; changes in laws or regulations of countries in which the Fund invests, as well as broader regions; international relations with other nations; natural disasters; corruption; and military activity.

 

Foreign companies not publicly traded in the U.S. are not subject to accounting and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those U.S. companies must meet. In addition, there may be less information publicly available about such companies. Some foreign companies may be located in countries with less developed legal and regulatory structures governing private or foreign investment or allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property. Foreign securities may be less liquid and more volatile than U.S. securities, which could affect the Fund’s investments.

 

In order to gain exposure to certain foreign issuers, the Fund may participate in market access mechanisms administered by the respective markets, which may be subject to quota controls, heightened liquidity risks and different settlement procedures than would typically be expected with respect to U.S. issuers. In certain markets where securities and other instruments are not traded “delivery versus payment,” the Fund may not receive timely payment for securities or other instruments it has delivered and may be subject to increased risk that the counterparty will fail to make payments when due or default completely.

 

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Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

 

 

Growth Stock Risk

 

Growth stocks may be more sensitive to market movements because their prices tend to reflect future investor expectations rather than just current profits. Growth stocks generally have above average growth potential, low dividends, and high prices relative to standard measures. Such stocks may not realize growth sufficient to justify higher prices, and this may beget subsequent price volatility or unrealized capital losses.

 

High Yield or Junk Bond Risk

 

The Fund may invest in high yield securities. Securities rated below investment grade are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” The ability of issuers of high yield securities to make timely payments of interest and principal may be adversely impacted by adverse changes in general economic conditions, changes in the financial condition of the issuers and price fluctuations in response to changes in interest rates. High yield securities are less liquid than investment grade securities and may be difficult to price or sell, particularly in times of negative sentiment toward high yield securities. In certain instances, high yield securities may decline precipitously or become worthless.

 

Issuer Focus Risk

 

The securities of certain issuers may from time to time constitute more than five percent (5%) of the Fund’s net assets. As a result, events affecting those issuers may have a greater impact on the Fund than on another fund that does not hold securities of such issuers to the same extent.

 

Liquidity Risk

 

Low or fluctuating liquidity conditions or lack of exchange-based trading volume may make it difficult to sell securities held by the Fund without significantly changing the market value of the investment. The Fund may not be able to meet shareholder redemption requests in a timely manner without significant dilution of remaining shareholders’ interests in the Fund.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk

 

The portfolio manager’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Market Risk

 

The value of the Fund’s shares will fluctuate as a result of the movement of the overall stock market or of the value of the individual securities held by the Fund, and you could lose money. Particularly during periods of declining or illiquid markets, the Fund may experience periods of heavy redemptions that could cause the Fund to liquidate its assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value, and could cause the remaining shareholders in the Fund to lose money. This redemption risk is greater to the extent that the Fund has investors with large shareholdings, short investment horizons or unpredictable cash flow needs.

 

Sector Emphasis Risk

 

Sector emphasis risk is the risk that the securities of companies in the same or related businesses, if comprising a significant portion of the Fund’s portfolio, could react in some circumstances negatively to market conditions, interest rates and economic, regulatory or financial developments and adversely affect the value of the portfolio to a greater extent than if such business comprised a lesser portion of the Fund’s portfolio.

 

Small- and Mid-Sized Companies Risk

 

The Fund’s investments in securities issued by small- and mid-sized companies, which can include companies offering emerging products or services, may involve greater risks than are customarily associated with larger, more established companies. Securities issued by small- and mid-sized companies tend to be more volatile and somewhat more speculative than securities issued by larger or more established companies and may underperform as compared to the securities of larger companies.

 

Trading Markets and Depositary Receipts Risk

 

Securities issued by companies based in developing countries may trade in the form of depositary receipts, including American Depositary Receipts, European Depositary Receipts and Global Depositary Receipts. Although depositary receipts have risks similar to the securities that they represent, they

 

Prospectus – August 31, 2019

6

 

 

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

 

 

may also involve higher expenses and may trade at a discount (or premium) to the underlying security. Depository receipts may not enjoy the same degree of liquidity as the underlying securities that they represent. In addition, depositary receipts may not pass through voting and other shareholder rights, and may be less liquid than the underlying securities listed on an exchange.

 

Value Stock Risk

 

Value stocks involve the risk that they may never reach their expected full market value, either because the market fails to recognize the stock’s intrinsic worth, or the expected value was misgauged. Value stocks also may decline in price even though they are already undervalued.

 

Performance Information

 

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. The bar chart figures do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay to a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary when they buy or sell shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to a broad-based securities market index. The index is not actively managed and is not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at seafarerfunds.com or by calling 1-855-732-9220.

 

Annual Total Returns

 

Institutional Class (SIGIX) for calendar years ended December 31

 

     
 

Best Quarter – Q1 2017

11.22%

 
 

Worst Quarter – Q3 2015

-14.55%

 

 

The Fund’s Institutional Class year-to-date return as of June 30, 2019 was 13.25%.

 

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Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

 

 

Average Annual Total Returns

 

For periods ended December 31, 2018

 

Fund Name

Return Type

1 Year

5 Years

Since Inception
(2/15/2012)

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund – Institutional

Before Taxes

-18.12%

1.54%

3.89%

 

After Taxes on Distributions(1)

-19.52%

0.58%

2.90%

 

After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares(1)

-9.43%

1.08%

2.86%

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund – Investor(2)

Before Taxes

-18.19%

1.40%

3.76%

MSCI Emerging Markets Total Return Index

No fees, expenses or taxes applied

-14.25%

2.03%

1.50%

 

(1)

After-tax returns are calculated using the historically highest individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the table. The after-tax return information shown does not apply to Fund shares held through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.

 

(2)

After-tax returns are only shown for the Institutional Class shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Investor Class shares will vary from those shown for Institutional Class shares due to varying expenses among the classes. The returns do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay to a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary when buying or selling shares of the Fund.

 

Investment Adviser

 

Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

Portfolio Managers

 

Andrew Foster, Paul Espinosa, and Inbok Song are the Lead Portfolio Managers of the Fund, and have primary responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. Mr. Foster has held his role since the inception of the Fund in February 2012. Paul Espinosa has held his role since August 2018; previously, he was a Co-Portfolio Manager of the Fund since June 2016. Inbok Song has held her role since August 2018; previously, she was a Co-Portfolio Manager of the Fund since August 2017. Kate Jaquet is a Co-Portfolio Manager of the Fund since June 2016.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

The Fund offers two classes of shares, an Investor Class and an Institutional Class, each of which is offered by this Prospectus. The minimum initial investment for the Investor Class is $2,500 for all accounts, except that the minimum initial investment is $1,000 for retirement and education savings accounts and $1,500 for automatic investment plan accounts. The minimum initial investment for the Institutional Class is $25,000 for all accounts. Investors generally may meet the minimum initial investment for the Institutional Class by aggregating multiple accounts within the Fund. If a shareholder invests in the Fund through a financial adviser or intermediary, the minimum initial investment for the Institutional Class may be met if that financial adviser or intermediary aggregates investments of multiple clients to meet the minimum. The minimum investment for subsequent purchases is $100 for both share classes.

 

Purchases and redemptions may be made on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading. You may purchase and sell shares directly with the Fund through the Fund’s website at seafarerfunds.com, by telephone at 1-855-732-9220, by regular mail at P.O. Box 44474, Denver, Colorado 80201, or through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms. You should contact your financial intermediary or refer to your plan documents for further information on how to invest in the Fund.

 

Prospectus – August 31, 2019

8

 

 

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

 

 

The Fund’s Investor Class (which closed to most new investors on September 30, 2016) is available for purchase only by the following investors:

 

 

Existing shareholders of the Fund’s Investor Class;

 

Financial advisers with existing clients invested in the Fund’s Investor Class (i.e., these advisers can continue to add new clients in the Fund’s Investor Class); and

 

Employees of Seafarer and their family members.

 

Please note the following about the Fund’s Investor Class:

 

 

Some broker-dealers and financial intermediaries may not be able to accommodate purchases of the Fund’s Investor Class based on the criteria listed above.

 

If a shareholder closes an account in the Fund’s Investor Class due to redemption or exchange, the shareholder will no longer be able to make additional investments in the Fund’s Investor Class.

 

Exchanges between the Seafarer Funds (i.e., the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund and the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund) and share class transfers are subject to any existing restrictions on, or conditions of, the Fund and/or share class that is to be acquired.

 

The Fund reserves the right to make exceptions to any action taken to close the Fund, or limit inflows into the Fund, and delegates such authority to Seafarer.

 

Tax Information

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, or qualified dividend income, except when your investment is held in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its service providers may pay the intermediary for the distribution of Fund shares and other related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Seafarer Overseas Value Fund

 

 

Seafarer Overseas Value Fund

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

Investment Objective

 

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation.  

Fees and Expenses of the Fund

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

 

Investor
Class

Institutional
Class

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees

0.75%

0.75%

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

None

None

Other Expenses

0.85%

0.75%

Other Fund Expenses

0.69%

0.70%

Shareholder Service Plan

0.15%

0.05%

Recoupment of Previously Waived Fees

0.01% 0.00%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(1)

1.60%

1.50%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement(2)

-0.45%

-0.45%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement(2)

1.15%

1.05%

 

(1) Expenses have been restated to reflect current fees.

 

(2)

Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC (“Seafarer” or the “Adviser”) has agreed contractually to waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver / Expense Reimbursements (inclusive of acquired fund fees and expenses, and exclusive of brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) to 1.15% and 1.05% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Investor and Institutional share classes respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has reimbursed through the Expense Agreement to the extent that the Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fees and expenses were deferred. This agreement may not be terminated or modified prior to August 31, 2020 except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

Example

 

This example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example assumes you purchase your shares on August 31, 2019, and reflects the net operating expenses with expense waivers through the current term of the Expense Agreement, which ends on August 31, 2020. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

 

Prospectus – August 31, 2019

10

 

 

Seafarer Overseas Value Fund

 

 

Although your actual costs may
be higher or lower, based on these
assumptions your costs would be:

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Investor Class

$117

$461

$828

$1,860

Institutional Class

$107

$430

$775

$1,750

 

The Example does not include any sales charges that you may pay to a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary. If these sales charges were included, your costs would be higher.

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may also result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 3% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in common stocks, preferred stocks, and debt obligations of foreign companies (which the Fund regards as companies located outside the U.S.).

 

The Fund’s portfolio is generally comprised of securities identified through a bottom-up security selection process based on thorough fundamental research. The Fund’s investment adviser, Seafarer, Capital Partners, LLC (“Seafarer” or the “Adviser”), intends to employ a “value” style of investing. A “value” style of investing emphasizes investing in companies that currently have low or depressed valuations, but which also have the prospect of achieving improved valuations in the future. The Fund seeks to produce a minimum long-term rate of return by investing in securities priced at a discount to their intrinsic value.

 

The Fund can invest without constraint in the securities of companies located in developing countries. Seafarer considers that most nations in Africa, East and South Asia, Emerging Europe, Central and South America (“Latin America”), and the Middle East are developing countries. Currently, these nations include, but are not limited to:

 

Africa: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Tunisia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

 

East and South Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam

 

Emerging Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey, and Ukraine

 

Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago

 

Middle East: Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates

 

Seafarer identifies developing countries based on its own analysis and measure of industrialization, economic growth, per capita income, and other factors; it may also consider classifications produced by the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation, the United Nations, and private financial services firms such as FTSE and MSCI.

 

The Fund may also invest in the securities of companies located in selected foreign developed nations, which in the Adviser’s opinion have significant economic and financial linkages to developing countries. Currently, and solely with respect to the geographical scope of the Fund, these nations include, but are not limited to, Hong Kong and Singapore.

 

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Seafarer Overseas Value Fund

 

 

The Adviser determines a company’s location based on a number of factors. A company is generally regarded by the Adviser as being located in a particular country if the company: (i) is organized under the laws of, maintains its principal place of business in, or has, as its principal trading market for the company’s securities, the particular country; or (ii) derives 50% or more of its total revenue or profit from either goods or services produced or sales made in the particular country; or (iii) has more than 50% of its assets in the particular country.

 

Exposure to foreign companies through the Fund’s investments in depositary receipts will be included in the Fund’s percentage of total assets invested in foreign securities.

 

The Fund may typically invest in debt obligations of any quality or duration. Such debt obligations may include, but are not limited to, investments in below investment grade debt, also known as “junk bonds.” The Fund may allocate among equity and debt investments without limitation.

 

The Fund may generally invest in companies of any size or capitalization, including smaller companies. The Fund generally invests in companies with market capitalizations of $250 million or more at the time of purchase. The securities of certain issuers may from time to time constitute more than five percent (5%) of the Fund’s net assets.

 

Principal Risks of the Fund

 

The following is a description of the principal risks of the Fund’s portfolio, which may adversely affect its net asset value and total return. There are other circumstances that could prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. These include additional risks that are not described here, but which are described in the Statement of Additional Information. It is important to read all the disclosure information provided and to understand that you may lose money by investing in the Fund.

 

Cash Sweep Program Risk

 

The Fund may invest in cash sweep programs administered by the Fund’s custodian or another third party through which the Fund’s cash holdings are placed in onshore or offshore interest-bearing savings accounts or demand deposit accounts at various banks. The vehicles through which the Fund’s cash sweep program is administered may include bank deposits that are not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), in which case, a Fund, as an investor in the vehicle, would not be entitled to the protections afforded by the 1940 Act. All sweep vehicles, whether or not registered under the 1940 Act, carry certain risks, which may include absence of FDIC protection, bank failure risk, or, in the case of offshore vehicles, risk of sovereign actions which may result in the seizure or diminution of Fund assets.

 

Common and Preferred Stock Risks

 

The prices of common and preferred stocks fluctuate based on changes in a company’s financial condition and overall market and economic conditions. The Fund may invest in preferred stocks. Because preferred stock is junior to debt securities and other obligations of the issuer, deterioration in the credit quality of the issuer will cause greater changes in the value of a preferred stock than in a more senior debt security with similar stated yield characteristics.

 

Currency Risk

 

Changes in foreign currency exchange rates will affect the value of the Fund’s holdings and the Fund’s share price. Generally, when the U.S. dollar rises in value against a foreign currency, an investment in that country loses value because that currency is worth fewer U.S. dollars. Devaluation of a currency by a country’s government or banking authority also will have a significant impact on the value of any investments denominated in that currency. Some currencies in developing countries may not be internationally traded, or the currencies may be subject to a variety of controls imposed by local governments. Such restrictions and controls might result in undervalued or overvalued currencies; pronounced volatility in exchange rates; limited trading liquidity; or partial or total restrictions on exchange and repatriation. Any of the aforementioned currency risks may result in any or all of the following: such risks might induce material volatility to the Fund’s net asset value; such risks might alter the fair value of the Fund’s assets; or such risks might compromise the Fund’s liquidity in a material manner, including compromising the Fund’s ability to honor redemption requests from its shareholders.

 

Prospectus – August 31, 2019

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Seafarer Overseas Value Fund

 

 

Developing Country Risk

 

The term “developing country” generally denotes countries and economies that are in the initial stages of industrialization, or where such industrialization is not yet complete. Such countries generally have low per capita income. In addition to the risks of foreign securities in general, developing countries are generally more volatile and have relatively unstable governments; social and legal systems that do not protect shareholders; economies based on only a few industries; unstable and possibly elevated levels of inflation; potential for government seizure of assets or nationalization of companies; and securities markets that are substantially smaller, less liquid and more volatile, with less government oversight, than those in more developed countries. Developing countries may be especially prone to currency-related risks.

 

Equity Securities Risk

 

The risks that could affect the value of the Fund’s shares and the total return on your investment include the possibility that the equity securities held by the Fund will experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed income securities. In certain instances, equity securities may decline precipitously or become worthless.

 

Fixed Income Securities Risk

 

A rise in interest rates typically causes bond prices to fall. The longer the duration of the bonds held by a fund, the more sensitive it will likely be to interest rate fluctuations. Duration measures the weighted average term to maturity of a bond’s expected cash flows. Duration also represents the approximate percentage change that the price of a bond would experience for a 1% change in yield.

 

An issuer may not make all interest payments or repay all or any of the principal borrowed. If debt obligations held by the Fund are downgraded by ratings agencies or go into default, or if management action, legislation or other government action reduces the ability of issuers to pay principal and interest when due, the value of those debt obligations may decline and the Fund’s share value and any dividends paid by the Fund may be reduced. In certain instances, fixed income securities may decline precipitously or become worthless.

 

Foreign Securities Risk

 

The value of the Fund’s assets may be adversely affected by political, economic, social and religious instability; inadequate investor protection; changes in laws or regulations of countries in which the Fund invests, as well as broader regions; international relations with other nations; natural disasters; corruption; and military activity.

 

Foreign companies not publicly traded in the U.S. are not subject to accounting and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those U.S. companies must meet. In addition, there may be less information publicly available about such companies. Some foreign companies may be located in countries with less developed legal and regulatory structures governing private or foreign investment or allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property. Foreign securities may be less liquid and more volatile than U.S. securities, which could affect the Fund’s investments.

 

In order to gain exposure to certain foreign issuers, the Fund may participate in market access mechanisms administered by the respective markets, which may be subject to quota controls, heightened liquidity risks and different settlement procedures than would typically be expected with respect to U.S. issuers. In certain markets where securities and other instruments are not traded “delivery versus payment,” the Fund may not receive timely payment for securities or other instruments it has delivered and may be subject to increased risk that the counterparty will fail to make payments when due or default completely.

 

High Yield or Junk Bond Risk

 

The Fund may invest in high yield securities. Securities rated below investment grade are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” The ability of issuers of high yield securities to make timely payments of interest and principal may be adversely impacted by adverse changes in general economic conditions, changes in the financial condition of the issuers and price fluctuations in response to changes in interest rates. High yield securities are less liquid than investment grade securities and may be difficult to price

 

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or sell, particularly in times of negative sentiment toward high yield securities. In certain instances, high yield securities may decline precipitously or become worthless.

 

Issuer Focus Risk

 

The securities of certain issuers may from time to time constitute more than five percent (5%) of the Fund’s net assets. As a result, events affecting those issuers may have a greater impact on the Fund than on another fund that does not hold securities of such issuers to the same extent.

 

Liquidity Risk

 

Low or fluctuating liquidity conditions or lack of exchange-based trading volume may make it difficult to sell securities held by the Fund without significantly changing the value of the investment. The Fund may not be able to meet shareholder redemption requests in a timely manner without significant dilution of remaining shareholders’ interests in the Fund.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk

 

The portfolio manager’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Market Risk

 

The value of the Fund’s shares will fluctuate as a result of the movement of the overall stock market or of the value of the individual securities held by the Fund, and you could lose money. Particularly during periods of declining or illiquid markets, the Fund may experience periods of heavy redemptions that could cause the Fund to liquidate its assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value, and could cause the remaining shareholders in the Fund to lose money. This redemption risk is greater to the extent that the Fund has investors with large shareholdings, short investment horizons or unpredictable cash flow needs.

 

Sector Emphasis Risk

 

Sector emphasis risk is the risk that the securities of companies in the same or related businesses, if comprising a significant portion of the Fund’s portfolio, could react in some circumstances negatively to market conditions, interest rates and economic, regulatory or financial developments and adversely affect the value of the portfolio to a greater extent than if such business comprised a lesser portion of the Fund’s portfolio.

 

Small- and Mid-Sized Companies Risk

 

The Fund’s investments in securities issued by small- and mid-sized companies, which can include companies offering emerging products or services, may involve greater risks than are customarily associated with larger, more established companies. Securities issued by small- and mid-sized companies tend to be more volatile and somewhat more speculative than securities issued by larger or more established companies and may underperform as compared to the securities of larger companies.

 

Trading Markets and Depositary Receipts Risk

 

Securities issued by companies based in developing countries may trade in the form of depositary receipts, including American Depositary Receipts, European Depositary Receipts and Global Depositary Receipts. Although depositary receipts have risks similar to the securities that they represent, they may also involve higher expenses and may trade at a discount (or premium) to the underlying security. Depository receipts may not enjoy the same degree of liquidity as the underlying securities that they represent. In addition, depositary receipts may not pass through voting and other shareholder rights, and may be less liquid than the underlying securities listed on an exchange.

 

Value Stock Risk

 

Value stocks involve the risk that they may never reach their expected full market value, either because the market fails to recognize the stock’s intrinsic worth, or the expected value was misgauged. Value stocks also may decline in price even though they are already undervalued.

 

Prospectus – August 31, 2019

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Seafarer Overseas Value Fund

 

 

Performance Information

 

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. The bar chart figures do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay to a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary when they buy or sell shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to a broad-based securities market index. The index is not actively managed and is not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at seafarerfunds.com or by calling 1-855-732-9220.

 

Annual Total Return

 

Institutional Class (SIVLX) for calendar year ended December 31

 

     
 

Best Quarter – Q1 2017

8.86%

 
 

Worst Quarter – Q4 2018

-9.12%

 

 

The Fund’s Institutional Class year-to-date return as of June 30, 2019 was 17.36%.

 

Average Annual Total Return

 

For periods ended December 31, 2018

 

Fund Name

Return Type

1 Year

Since Inception
(5/31/2016)

Seafarer Overseas Value Fund – Institutional

Before Taxes

-13.93%

3.39%

 

After Taxes on Distributions(1)

-14.92%

2.17%

 

After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares(1)

-8.12%

2.14%

Seafarer Overseas Value Fund – Investor(2)

Before Taxes

-13.92%

3.32%

MSCI Emerging Markets
Total Return Index

No fees, expenses or taxes applied

-14.25%

10.26%

 

(1)

After-tax returns are calculated using the historically highest individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the table. The after-tax return information shown does not apply to Fund shares held through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.

 

(2)

After-tax returns are only shown for the Institutional Class shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Investor Class shares will vary from those shown for Institutional Class shares due to varying expenses among the

 

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classes. The returns do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay to a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary when buying or selling shares of the Fund.

 

Investment Adviser

 

Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

Portfolio Manager

 

Paul Espinosa is the Lead Portfolio Manager of the Fund, and has primary responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. Andrew Foster is the Co-Portfolio Manager of the Fund. The two portfolio managers have held such roles since the inception of the Fund in May 2016.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

The Fund offers two classes of shares, an Investor Class and an Institutional Class, each of which is offered by this Prospectus. The minimum initial investment for the Investor Class is $2,500 for all accounts, except that the minimum initial investment is $1,000 for retirement and education savings accounts and $1,500 for automatic investment plan accounts. The minimum initial investment for the Institutional Class is $25,000 for all accounts. Investors generally may meet the minimum initial investment for the Institutional Class by aggregating multiple accounts within the Fund. If a shareholder invests in the Fund through a financial adviser or intermediary, the minimum initial investment for the Institutional Class may be met if that financial adviser or intermediary aggregates investments of multiple clients to meet the minimum. The minimum investment for subsequent purchases is $100 for both share classes.

 

Purchases and redemptions may be made on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading. You may purchase and sell shares directly with the Fund through the Fund’s website at seafarerfunds.com, by telephone at 1-855-732-9220, by regular mail at P.O. Box 44474, Denver, Colorado 80201, or through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms. You should contact your financial intermediary or refer to your plan documents for further information on how to invest in the Fund.

 

Tax Information

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, or qualified dividend income, except when your investment is held in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its service providers may pay the intermediary for the distribution of Fund shares and other related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

Prospectus – August 31, 2019

16

 

 

Seafarer Funds

 

 

SEAFARER FUNDS

 

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

 

Seafarer Overseas Value Fund

 

Investment Objectives and Principal Investment Strategies

 

This section describes the investment objectives and principal investment strategies of the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund and the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund (each a “Fund” and collectively the “Funds”). See “More on Each Fund’s Investments and Related Risks” in this Prospectus and the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) for more information about each Fund’s investments and the risks of investing.

 

Investment Objectives

 

The Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation along with some current income, and seeks to mitigate adverse volatility in returns as a secondary objective.

 

The Seafarer Overseas Value Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation.

 

The Funds’ Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change a Fund’s investment objective or a Fund’s principal investment strategies without a shareholder vote. The Funds will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to a Fund’s investment objective or principal investment strategies, you should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

 

Under normal market conditions, the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing at least 80% of its total assets in dividend-paying common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities, and debt obligations of foreign companies (which the Fund regards as companies located outside the U.S.), foreign governments and their agencies, where “total assets” means net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

The Fund seeks to offer investors a relatively stable means of participating in a portion of developing countries’ growth prospects, while providing some downside protection, in comparison to a portfolio that invests only in the common stocks of developing countries. The strategy of owning convertible bonds and dividend-paying equities is intended to help the Fund meet its investment objective while reducing the volatility of the portfolio’s returns.

 

The Fund can invest without constraint in the securities of companies located in developing countries. The Fund’s investment adviser, Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC (“Seafarer” or the “Adviser”), considers that most nations in Africa, East and South Asia, Emerging Europe, Central and South America (“Latin America”), and the Middle East are developing countries. Currently, these nations include, but are not limited to:

 

Africa: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Tunisia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

 

East and South Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam

 

Emerging Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey, and Ukraine

 

Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago

 

Middle East: Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates

 

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Seafarer Funds

 

 

Seafarer identifies developing countries based on its own analysis and measure of industrialization, economic growth, per capita income, and other factors; it may also consider classifications produced by the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation, the United Nations, and private financial services firms such as FTSE and MSCI.

 

The Fund may also invest in the securities of companies located in selected foreign developed nations, which in the Adviser’s opinion have significant economic and financial linkages to developing countries. Currently, and solely with respect to the geographical scope of the Fund, these nations include Australia, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, and the United Kingdom.

 

The Adviser determines a company’s location based on a number of factors. A company is generally regarded by the Adviser as being located in a particular country if the company: (i) is organized under the laws of, maintains its principal place of business in, or has, as its principal trading market for the company’s securities, the particular country; or (ii) derives 50% or more of its total revenue or profit from either goods or services produced or sales made in the particular country; or (iii) has more than 50% of its assets in the particular country.

 

Exposure to foreign companies through the Fund’s investments in depositary receipts will be included in the Fund’s percentage of total assets invested in foreign securities.

 

The Fund may typically invest in convertible securities and debt obligations of any quality or duration. Such debt obligations may include, but are not limited to, investments in below investment grade debt, also known as “junk bonds.” The Fund may allocate among equity and debt investments without limitation.

 

The Fund may generally invest in companies of any size or capitalization, including smaller companies. The Fund generally invests in companies with market capitalizations of $250 million or more at the time of purchase. The securities of certain issuers may from time to time constitute more than five percent (5%) of the Fund’s net assets.

 

Seafarer Overseas Value Fund

 

Under normal market conditions, the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in common stocks, preferred stocks, and debt obligations of foreign companies (which the Fund regards as companies located outside the U.S.).

 

The Fund’s portfolio is generally comprised of securities identified through a bottom-up security selection process based on thorough fundamental research. The Fund’s investment adviser, Seafarer, intends to employ a “value” style of investing. A “value” style of investing emphasizes investing in companies that currently have low or depressed valuations, but which also have the prospect of achieving improved valuations in the future. The Fund seeks to produce a minimum long-term rate of return by investing in securities priced at a discount to their intrinsic value.

 

The Fund can invest without constraint in the securities of companies located in developing countries. Seafarer considers that most nations in Africa, East and South Asia, Emerging Europe, Central and South America (“Latin America”), and the Middle East are developing countries. Currently, these nations include, but are not limited to:

 

Africa: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Tunisia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

 

East and South Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam

 

Emerging Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey, and Ukraine

 

Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago

 

Middle East: Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates

 

Seafarer identifies developing countries based on its own analysis and measure of industrialization, economic growth, per capita income, and other factors; it may also consider classifications produced by

 

Prospectus – August 31, 2019

18

 

 

Seafarer Funds

 

 

the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation, the United Nations, and private financial services firms such as FTSE and MSCI.

 

The Fund may also invest in the securities of companies located in selected foreign developed nations, which in the Adviser’s opinion have significant economic and financial linkages to developing countries. Currently, and solely with respect to the geographical scope of the Fund, these nations include, but are not limited to, Hong Kong and Singapore.

 

The Adviser determines a company’s location based on a number of factors. A company is generally regarded by the Adviser as being located in a particular country if the company: (i) is organized under the laws of, maintains its principal place of business in, or has, as its principal trading market for the company’s securities, the particular country; or (ii) derives 50% or more of its total revenue or profit from either goods or services produced or sales made in the particular country; or (iii) has more than 50% of its assets in the particular country.

 

Exposure to foreign companies through the Fund’s investments in depositary receipts will be included in the Fund’s percentage of total assets invested in foreign securities.

 

The Fund may typically invest in debt obligations of any quality or duration. Such debt obligations may include, but are not limited to, investments in below investment grade debt, also known as “junk bonds.” The Fund may allocate among equity and debt investments without limitation.

 

The Fund may generally invest in companies of any size or capitalization, including smaller companies. The Fund generally invests in companies with market capitalizations of $250 million or more at the time of purchase. The securities of certain issuers may from time to time constitute more than five percent (5%) of the Fund’s net assets.

 

More on the Funds’ Investments and Related Risks

 

The Funds’ investment objectives and principal investment strategies are described above under “Investment Objectives and Principal Investment Strategies.” This section provides additional information about the Funds’ investment strategies and certain portfolio management techniques the Funds may use, as well as the principal and other risks that may affect the Funds’ portfolio. Additional information about some of these investments and portfolio management techniques and their associated risks is included in the Funds’ SAI, which is available without charge upon request (see back cover of this Prospectus).

 

Non-Principal Investment Strategies

 

Unless otherwise stated within its specific investment policies, each Fund may also invest in other types of domestic and foreign securities and use other investment strategies. These securities and strategies are not principal investment strategies of a Fund. If successful, they may benefit a Fund by earning a return on the Fund’s assets or reducing risk; however, they may not achieve the Fund’s objective.

 

Illiquid Investments

 

Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. An illiquid investment is a security or other position that a fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. For example, some securities are not registered under U.S. securities laws and cannot be sold to the U.S. public because of SEC regulations (these are known as “restricted securities”). Under procedures adopted by the Funds’ Board, certain restricted securities may be deemed liquid and will not be counted toward this 15% limit.

 

In October 2016, the SEC adopted a liquidity risk management rule, Rule 22e-4 (the “Liquidity Rule”). The Liquidity Rule requires open-end funds to establish a liquidity risk management program and enhance disclosures regarding liquidity. As required by the Liquidity Rule, each Fund has implemented a Liquidity Program, and the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, has appointed a Liquidity Risk Management Committee (the “LRM Committee”) as the liquidity risk program administrator of the Liquidity Program. Under the Liquidity Program, the LRM Committee assesses, manages, and periodically reviews each Fund’s liquidity risk and classifies each investment held by each Fund as a “highly liquid investment,” “moderately liquid investment,” “less liquid investment” or “illiquid investment.”

 

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Seafarer Funds

 

 

The Liquidity Rule defines “liquidity risk” as the risk that a fund could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by the fund without significant dilution of the remaining investors’ interest in the fund. The liquidity of a fund’s portfolio investments is determined based on relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations under the Liquidity Program. The impact the Liquidity Rule will have on the Funds is not yet fully known, but the Liquidity Rule could impact the Funds’ performance and their ability to achieve their investment objectives.

 

Temporary Defensive Investments / Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Each Fund may depart from its principal investment strategies in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions by taking temporary defensive positions in short-term debt securities, cash and cash equivalents, and sovereign, government and agency debts and obligations. Cash positions may be administered through the Funds’ cash sweep program, which may entail cash holdings in onshore or offshore interest-bearing savings accounts or demand deposit accounts at various banks. The Fund may also hold all or a portion of its uninvested cash in foreign currencies or their equivalents.

 

When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Securities

 

Each Fund may buy, sell, or receive by corporate action, securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis, paying for or taking delivery of the securities at a later date, normally within 15 to 45 days of the trade.

 

Borrowing and Leverage

 

Each Fund may borrow as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including to meet redemptions or to settle securities transactions. The purchase of securities while borrowings are outstanding will have the effect of leveraging the Fund. Such leveraging increases the Fund’s exposure to capital risk, and borrowed funds are subject to interest costs that will reduce net income. Leveraging may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the yield on the Fund’s portfolio. Although the principal of such borrowings will be fixed, the Fund’s assets may change in value during the time the borrowings are outstanding. Borrowings will create interest expenses for the Fund that can exceed the income from the assets purchased with the borrowings.

 

Cash Flows

 

The ability of a Fund to satisfy its investment objective depends to some extent on the portfolio manager’s ability to manage cash flow (primarily from purchases and redemptions and distributions from the Fund’s investments). The manager will make investment changes to the Fund’s portfolio to accommodate cash flow while continuing to seek its investment objective.

 

Derivatives

 

Each Fund may use instruments referred to as derivative securities. Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index, and may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, spreads between interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities, and related indexes. Examples of derivative instruments include options contracts, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and swap agreements (including, but not limited to, credit default swaps and swaps on exchange traded funds). The portfolio manager may decide not to employ any of these strategies and there is no assurance that any derivatives strategy used by the Fund will succeed. The Fund may use derivatives for hedging purposes. The Fund may not use any derivative to gain exposure to an asset or class of assets that it would be prohibited by its investment restrictions from purchasing directly.

 

Hedging

 

Although each Fund is permitted to actively hedge currencies or assets, the Funds do not anticipate, under normal market conditions, actively hedging currencies or assets to any material extent. Hedging is a strategy in which a derivative is used to offset the risks associated with other Fund holdings. Losses on the other investment may be substantially reduced by gains on a derivative that reacts in an opposite manner to market movements. While hedging can reduce losses, it can also reduce or eliminate gains or cause losses if the market moves in a manner different from that anticipated by the Funds or if the cost of the derivative outweighs the benefit of the hedge. Hedging also involves correlation risk, i.e. the risk

 

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that changes in the value of the derivative will not match those of the holdings being hedged as expected by the Funds, in which case any losses on the holdings being hedged may not be reduced or may be increased.

 

The inability to close options and futures positions also could have an adverse impact on a Fund’s ability to effectively hedge its portfolio. There is also a risk of loss by the Fund of margin deposits or collateral in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom the Fund has an open position in an option, a futures contract or a related option. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s hedging strategies will be effective. The Fund is not required to engage in hedging transactions and the Fund may choose not to do so.

 

Foreign Exchange Transactions

 

Each Fund may engage in spot and forward foreign exchange transactions and currency swaps, purchase and sell options on currencies and purchase and sell currency futures and related options thereon (collectively, “Currency Instruments”) for the purpose of settling transactions for securities denominated in foreign currencies. The Fund intends to conduct any foreign currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market, or through forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies.

 

A forward foreign currency exchange contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific amount of currency at a future date, at a price and on a date set at the time of the contract. The cost to the Fund of engaging in forward currency contracts varies with factors such as the currency involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions prevailing as the contract is struck.

 

Secondary markets generally do not exist for forward currency contracts, with the result that closing transactions generally can be made for forward currency contracts only by negotiating directly with the counterparty. Thus, there can be no assurance that the Fund will in fact be able to close out a forward currency contract at a favorable price prior to maturity.

 

Each Fund will segregate liquid assets that will be marked-to-market daily to meet its forward contract commitments to the extent required by the SEC. The Fund may enter into forward currency contracts or maintain a net exposure to such contracts only if: (i) the consummation of the contracts would not obligate the Fund to deliver an amount of foreign currency in excess of the value of its portfolio securities or other assets denominated in that currency, or (ii) the Fund maintains cash or liquid securities in a segregated account in an amount not less than the value of its total assets committed to the consummation of the contract and not covered as provided in (i) above, as marked-to-market daily.

 

Each Fund may also (but is not required to) use the Currency Instruments described above to hedge against movements in a security the Fund owns or intends to acquire. Under normal market conditions, the Fund does not anticipate using such currency instruments to actively hedge exposures within the portfolio.

 

Because foreign currency transactions occurring in the inter-bank market might involve substantially larger amounts than those involved in the use of such hedging instruments, the Fund could be disadvantaged by having to deal in the odd lot market (generally consisting of transactions of less than $1 million) for the underlying foreign currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots.

 

Investment Limitations

 

Except with respect to the illiquid investment restrictions set forth above, all limitations on each Fund’s investments listed in this Prospectus will apply at the time of investment. A Fund would not violate these limitations unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of an investment. Unless otherwise indicated, references to assets in the percentage limitations on the Fund’s investments refer to total assets.

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

Each Fund is intended as a long-term investment vehicle. As such, it does not intend to engage in short-term trading; however, it may do so from time to time. This means that a Fund may buy a security and sell that security a short period of time after its purchase to realize gains if the portfolio manager believes that the sale is in the best interest of the Fund (for example, if the portfolio manager believes an alternative investment has greater growth potential). This activity will increase the Fund’s portfolio

 

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turnover rate and generate higher transaction costs due to commissions or dealer mark-ups and other expenses that would reduce the Fund’s investment performance. In addition, a high level of short-term trading may increase the amount of taxable distributions to shareholders that would reduce the after-tax returns of the Fund, and in particular may generate short-term capital gains that when distributed to shareholders are taxed as ordinary income. Please note that shareholder activity (redemptions or subscriptions to the Fund) may influence the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate.

 

Principal and Non-Principal Risks

 

There are inherent risks associated with each Fund’s principal investment strategies. The factors that are most likely to have a material effect on a particular Fund’s investment portfolio as a whole are called “principal risks.” The principal risks and certain non-principal risks of each Fund are summarized in the Fund’s “Fund Summary” section above and further described in the following table. A Fund may be subject to additional risks other than those described because the types of investments made by the Fund may change over time. For additional information regarding risks of investing in a Fund, including other non-principal risks of a Fund, please see the SAI.

 

P = Principal risk

NP = Non-principal risk

N/A = Not applicable

 

 

Seafarer Overseas
Growth and Income Fund

Seafarer Overseas
Value Fund

Cash Positions Risk

NP

NP

Cash Sweep Program Risk

P

P

Common and Preferred Stock Risks

P

P

Convertible Securities Risk

P

NP

Currency Risk

P

P

Cybersecurity Risk

NP

NP

Derivatives Risk

NP

NP

Developing Country Risk

P

P

Equity Securities Risk

P

P

Fixed Income Securities Risk

P

P

Foreign Securities Risk

P

P

Growth Stock Risk

P

NP

High Yield or Junk Bond Risk

P

P

Initial Public Offerings Risk

NP

NP

Issuer Focus Risk

P

P

Liquidity Risk

P

P

Managed Portfolio Risk

P

P

Market Risk

P

P

Repurchase Agreements Risk

NP

NP

Risks Related to Expenses

NP

NP

Sector Emphasis Risk

P

P

Short-Term Trading Risk

NP

NP

Small- and Mid-Sized Company Risk

P

P

Trading Markets & Depositary Receipts Risk

P

P

Value Stock Risk

P

P

Variable Interest Entity Risk

NP

NP

 

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Cash Positions Risk

 

When the Fund’s investments in cash or similar investments increase (which may occur in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions, or when the Adviser believes there are not sufficient investment opportunities that meet the Fund’s investment criteria), it may not participate in market advances or declines to the same extent that it would if the Fund remained more fully invested. Under such circumstances, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

 

Cash Sweep Program Risk

 

The Fund may invest in cash sweep programs administered by the Fund’s custodian or another third party through which the Fund’s cash holdings are placed in onshore or offshore interest-bearing savings accounts or demand deposit accounts at various banks. The vehicles through which the Fund’s cash sweep program is administered may include bank deposits that are not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), in which case, a Fund, as an investor in the vehicle, would not be entitled to the protections afforded by the 1940 Act. All sweep vehicles, whether or not registered under the 1940 Act, carry certain risks, which may include absence of FDIC protection, bank failure risk, or, in the case of offshore vehicles, risk of sovereign actions which may result in the seizure or diminution of Fund assets.

 

Common and Preferred Stock Risks

 

Stock markets are volatile. The prices of common and preferred stocks fluctuate based on changes in a company’s financial condition and overall market and economic conditions. The Fund may invest in the common stocks of companies that have historically paid dividends; however, there is no certainty that such companies that have historically paid dividends will continue to do so in the future. Dividend-paying common stocks, in particular those whose market price is closely related to their yield, may exhibit greater sensitivity to interest rate changes. The Fund’s investment in such securities may also limit its potential for appreciation during a broad market advance.

 

The Fund may invest in preferred stocks. Preferred stock has a preference over common stock in liquidation (and generally dividends as well) but is subordinated to the liabilities of the issuer in all respects. As a general rule, the market value of preferred stock with a fixed dividend rate and no conversion element varies inversely with interest rates and perceived credit risk, while the market price of convertible preferred stock generally also reflects some element of conversion value. Because preferred stock is junior to debt securities and other obligations of the issuer, deterioration in the credit quality of the issuer will cause greater changes in the value of a preferred stock than in a more senior debt security with similar stated yield characteristics. Unlike interest payments on debt securities, preferred stock dividends are payable only if declared by the issuer’s board of directors. Preferred stock also may be subject to optional or mandatory redemption provisions.

 

The prices of common and preferred stocks, even those that pay regular dividends, can be highly volatile. Investors should not assume that the Fund’s investments in such securities will necessarily reduce the volatility of the price of the Fund’s shares (net asset value or “NAV”) or provide “protection,” compared to other types of securities, when markets perform poorly.

 

Convertible Securities Risk

 

The Fund may invest in convertible preferred stocks, and convertible bonds and debentures. Many convertible securities issued by companies based in developing countries are not rated by rating agencies, or, if they are rated, they may be rated below investment grade (“junk bonds”), which may have a greater risk of default. Investing in a convertible security denominated in a currency different from that of the security into which it is convertible may expose the Fund to currency risk as well as risks associated with the level and volatility of the foreign exchange rate between the security’s currency and the underlying stock’s currency. Convertible securities may trade less frequently and in lower volumes, or have periods of less frequent trading. Lower trading volume may also make it more difficult for the Fund to value such securities.

 

Currency Risk

 

When the Fund conducts securities transactions in a foreign currency, there is the risk of the value of the foreign currency increasing or decreasing against the value of the U.S. dollar. The value of an

 

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investment denominated in a foreign currency will decline in dollar terms if that currency weakens against the dollar. Additionally, developing countries may utilize formal or informal currency-exchange controls or “capital controls.” Capital controls may impose restrictions on the Fund’s ability to repatriate investments or income, or may impose fees for doing so. Such controls might result in undervalued or overvalued currencies, pronounced volatility in exchange rates, and limited trading liquidity; they might also affect the value of the Fund’s holdings, or compromise the Fund’s liquidity. Certain of the Fund’s foreign currency transactions may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency. See “Taxes” below. Funds that may invest in securities denominated in, or which receive revenues in, foreign currencies are subject to this risk.

 

Cybersecurity Risk

 

In connection with the increased use of technologies such as the internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, the Fund may be susceptible to operational, information security and related risks due to the possibility of cyber-attacks or other incidents. Cyber incidents may result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, infection by computer viruses or other malicious software code and unauthorized access to systems, networks or devices that are used to service the Fund’s operations through hacking or other means for the purpose of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks (which can make a website unavailable) on the Funds’ website. In addition, authorized persons could inadvertently or intentionally release confidential or proprietary information stored on the Fund’s systems.

 

Cybersecurity failures or breaches by the Fund’s third-party service providers (including, but not limited to, the adviser, distributor, custodian, transfer agent and financial intermediaries) may cause disruptions and impact the service providers’ and the Fund’s business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, inability of Fund shareholders to transact in their Fund accounts, inability of the Fund to process transactions, inability to calculate the Fund’s net asset value, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs and/or additional compliance costs. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of successful cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, the Fund or its third-party service providers.

 

The Fund may incur substantial costs to prevent or address cyber incidents in the future. In addition, there is a possibility that certain risks have not been adequately identified or prepared for. Furthermore, the Fund cannot directly control any cyber security plans and systems put in place by third party service providers. Cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund’s investment in such securities to lose value.

 

Derivatives Risk

 

Under normal market circumstances, the Fund does not intend to invest in derivatives. However, it may do so for risk management purposes or as part of broader investment strategies. The Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional investments. Also, the Fund’s use of derivatives may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally taxed at ordinary income tax rates) than if the Fund had not used such instruments.

 

Developing Country Risk

 

The term “developing country” generally denotes countries and economies that are in the initial stages of industrialization, or where such industrialization is not yet complete. Such countries generally have low per capita income. In addition to the risks of foreign securities in general, developing countries are generally more volatile and have relatively unstable governments; social and legal systems that do not protect shareholders; economies based on only a few industries; unstable and possibly elevated levels of inflation; potential for government seizure of assets or nationalization of companies; and securities markets that are substantially smaller, less liquid and more volatile, with less government oversight, than those in more developed countries. Developing countries may be especially prone to currency-related risks.

 

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Equity Securities Risk

 

The risks that could affect the value of the Fund’s shares and the total return on your investment include the possibility that the equity securities held by the Fund will experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed income securities. In certain instances, equity securities may decline precipitously or become worthless.

 

Fixed Income Securities Risk

 

A rise in interest rates typically causes bond prices to fall. The longer the duration of the bonds held by a fund, the more sensitive it will likely be to interest rate fluctuations. Duration measures the weighted average term to maturity of a bond’s expected cash flows. Duration also represents the approximate percentage change that the price of a bond would experience for a 1% change in yield. For example: the price of a bond with a duration of 5 years would change approximately 5% for a 1% change in yield. The price of a bond with a duration of 10 years would be expected to decline by approximately 10% if its yield was to rise by +1%. Bond yields tend to fluctuate in response to changes in market levels of interest rates. Generally, if interest rates rise, a bond’s yield will also rise in response; the duration of the bond will determine how much the price of the bond will change in response to the change in yield.

 

An issuer may not make all interest payments or repay all or any of the principal borrowed. If debt obligations held by the Fund are downgraded by ratings agencies or go into default, or if management action, legislation or other government action reduces the ability of issuers to pay principal and interest when due, the value of those debt obligations may decline and the Fund’s share value and any dividends paid by the Fund may be reduced. In certain instances, fixed income securities may decline precipitously or become worthless.

 

Foreign Securities Risk

 

Foreign companies not publicly traded in the U.S. are not subject to accounting and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those U.S. companies must meet. In addition, there may be less information publicly available about such companies. Some foreign companies may be located in countries with less developed legal and regulatory structures governing private or foreign investment or allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property.

 

Investments in foreign issuers may be subject to various risks including, depending on the country in question, currency fluctuations; higher transaction costs; delayed settlement; possible controls on investment, including limitations on foreign ownership; expropriation and nationalization risks; sanctions or other measures by the U.S. or other countries; liquidity risks and extended trading halts; abnormally high price volatility; and less stringent investor protection and disclosure standards of foreign markets, such as the lack of availability of financial statements printed in English and different accounting standards versus U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).

 

In order to gain exposure to certain foreign issuers, the Fund may participate in market access mechanisms administered by the respective markets, which may be subject to quota controls, heightened liquidity risks and different settlement procedures than would typically be expected with respect to U.S. issuers. In certain markets where securities and other instruments are not traded “delivery versus payment,” the Fund may not receive timely payment for securities or other instruments it has delivered and may be subject to increased risk that the counterparty will fail to make payments when due or default completely.

 

The value of the Fund’s assets may be adversely affected by political, economic, social and religious instability; inadequate investor protection; changes in laws or regulations of developing countries (including countries in which the Fund invests, as well as broader regions); international relations with other nations; natural disasters; corruption and military activity.

 

The Asian region, and particularly China, Japan and South Korea, may be adversely affected by political, military, economic and other factors related to North Korea. In addition, China’s long-running conflict over Taiwan, border disputes with many of its neighbors and historically strained relations with Japan could adversely impact economies in the region. The economies of many Asian countries differ from the economies of more developed countries in many respects, such as rate of growth, inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, financial system stability, the national balance of payments position and sensitivity to changes in global trade. Certain Asian countries are highly dependent upon

 

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and may be affected by developments in the U.S., Europe and other Asian economies. China’s economy, particularly its export-oriented industries, may be adversely impacted by trade or political disputes with China’s major trading partners, including the U.S. In addition, as its consumer class emerges, China’s domestically oriented industries may be especially sensitive to changes in government policy and investment cycles. China’s currency, which historically has been managed in a tight range relative to the U.S. dollar, may in the future be subject to greater uncertainty as Chinese authorities change the policies that determine the exchange rate mechanism.

 

Developing countries in Eastern Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa may be similarly negatively affected by political, military, religious and economic factors. Political upheaval and associated events may occur more frequently in developing countries. U.S. military actions in much of the Middle East cannot be predicted.

 

Turmoil in developed countries may also impact contiguous developing countries. Western Europe’s fiscal position and related concerns may impact the emerging economies of Eastern Europe. Similarly, hunger and disease in Africa and the rise of religious radical groups can adversely impact the growth of emerging economies on the continent of Africa.

 

The Fund cannot predict the effects of geopolitical events in the future on the U.S. and global economy and securities markets.

 

Growth Stock Risk

 

Growth stocks may be more sensitive to market movements because their prices tend to reflect future investor expectations rather than just current profits. Growth stocks generally have above average growth potential, low dividends, and high prices relative to standard measures. Such stocks may not realize growth sufficient to justify higher prices, and this may beget subsequent price volatility or unrealized capital losses.

 

High Yield or Junk Bond Risk

 

The Fund may invest in high yield securities. Securities rated below investment grade are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” The ability of issuers of high yield securities to make timely payments of interest and principal may be adversely impacted by adverse changes in general economic conditions, changes in the financial condition of the issuers and price fluctuations in response to changes in interest rates. High yield securities are less liquid than investment grade securities and may be difficult to price or sell, particularly in times of negative sentiment toward high yield securities. In certain instances, high yield securities may decline precipitously or become worthless.

 

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Risk

 

IPOs of securities issued by unseasoned companies with little or no operating history are risky and their prices are highly volatile, but they can result in very large gains in their initial trading. Attractive IPOs are often oversubscribed and may not be available to the Fund, or only in very limited quantities. Thus, when the Fund’s size is smaller, any gains or losses from IPOs may have an exaggerated impact on the Fund’s performance than when the Fund is larger. Although IPO investments have had a positive impact on the performance of some funds, there can be no assurance that the Fund will have favorable IPO investment opportunities in the future, or that the Fund’s investments in IPOs will have a positive impact on the Fund’s performance.

 

Issuer Focus Risk

 

The securities of certain issuers may from time to time constitute more than five percent (5%) of the Fund’s net assets. As a result, events affecting those issuers may have a greater impact on the Fund than on another fund that does not hold securities of such issuers to the same extent.

 

Liquidity Risk

 

Liquidity risk exists when low or fluctuating liquidity conditions, a lack of exchange-based trading volume, or legal restrictions impair the Fund’s ability to sell particular securities or close derivative positions without significantly changing the market value of the investment. The Fund may not be able to meet shareholder redemption requests in a timely manner without significant dilution of remaining shareholders’ interests in the Fund. Liquidity risk may result from the lack of an active market, the

 

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reduced number of traditional market participants, or the reduced capacity of traditional market participants to make a market. Further, the lack of an established secondary market may make it more difficult to value illiquid securities, which could vary from the amount a Fund could realize upon disposition. Derivatives and securities that involve substantial interest rate or credit risk tend to involve greater liquidity risk. In addition, liquidity and valuation risk tends to increase to the extent the Fund invests in securities whose sale may be restricted by law or by contract, such as Rule 144A securities and foreign securities, particularly those of issuers located in developing countries.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk

 

The portfolio manager’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses. There is no guarantee that Seafarer’s security selection techniques will achieve the Fund’s investment objective or produce desired results.

 

Market Risk

 

The value of the Fund’s shares will fluctuate as a result of the movement of the overall stock market or of the value of the individual securities held by the Fund, and you could lose money. Particularly during periods of declining or illiquid markets, the Fund may experience periods of heavy redemptions that could cause the Fund to liquidate its assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value, and could cause the remaining shareholders in the Fund to lose money. This redemption risk is greater to the extent that the Fund has investors with large shareholdings, short investment horizons or unpredictable cash flow needs.

 

Repurchase Agreements, Reverse Repurchase Agreements, and Other Borrowings Risk

 

The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which the seller of a security commits itself at the time of sale to repurchase that security from the buyer at a mutually agreed upon time and price. The resale price is in excess of the purchase price and reflects an agreed-upon market interest rate unrelated to the coupon rate on the purchased security. Such transactions afford the Fund the opportunity to earn a return on temporarily available cash at relatively low market risk. The Adviser monitors the value of the securities underlying the repurchase agreement at the time the transaction is entered into and at all times during the term of the repurchase agreement to ensure that the value of the securities always equals or exceeds the repurchase price. The Fund requires that additional securities be deposited if the value of the securities purchased decreases below their resale price and does not bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under the repurchase obligation.

 

A Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements to raise cash on a short-term basis. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by the Fund pursuant to its agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed upon price, date and rate of interest. The repurchase price under the agreements equals the price paid by a counterparty plus interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more or less than the rate on the securities underlying the repurchase agreement). Such agreements are considered to be borrowings under the 1940 Act, and may be entered into only for temporary or emergency purposes. While reverse repurchase transactions are outstanding, the Fund will maintain in a segregated account an amount of cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid, high-grade debt securities at least equal to the market value of the securities, plus accrued interest, subject to the agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold by the Fund may decline below the price of the securities the Fund is obligated to repurchase.

 

Risks Related to Expenses

 

Fund expenses are subject to a variety of factors, including fluctuations in the Fund’s net assets. Accordingly, actual expenses may be greater than those indicated.

 

Sector Emphasis Risk

 

Sector emphasis risk is the risk that the securities of companies in the same or related businesses, if comprising a significant portion of the Fund’s portfolio, could react in some circumstances negatively to market conditions, interest rates and economic, regulatory or financial developments and adversely affect the value of the portfolio to a greater extent than if such business comprised a lesser portion of the Fund’s portfolio.

 

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Short-Term Trading Risk

 

The Fund is not intended for short-term trading by investors. Investors who hold shares of a Fund for the short term, including market-timers, may harm the Fund and other shareholders by diluting the value of their shares, disrupting management of the Fund’s portfolio and causing the Fund to incur additional costs, which are borne by non-redeeming shareholders. The Fund attempts to minimize the financial impact of short-term trading and market-timing transactions through policies and procedures designed to deter frequent purchases and redemptions. In addition, the Fund attempts to discourage time-zone arbitrage and similar market-timing activities, which seek to benefit from any differences between the Fund’s NAV and the fair value of its holdings that may occur between the closing times of foreign markets and the closing time of U.S. markets (when the Fund’s NAV is calculated).

 

Small- and Mid-Sized Companies Risk

 

The Fund’s investments in securities issued by small- and mid-sized companies, which can include companies offering emerging products or services, may involve greater risks than are customarily associated with larger, more established companies. The frequency and volume of trading in securities of smaller and mid-size companies may be substantially less than is typical of larger companies. In addition, smaller and mid-size companies may lack the management experience, financial resources and product diversification of larger companies, making them more susceptible to market pressures and business failure. Securities issued by small- and mid-sized companies tend to be more volatile and somewhat more speculative than securities issued by larger or more established companies and may underperform as compared to the securities of larger companies.

 

Trading Markets and Depositary Receipts Risk

 

Securities issued by companies based in developing countries may trade in the form of depositary receipts, including American Depositary Receipts, European Depositary Receipts and Global Depositary Receipts. Although depositary receipts have risks similar to the securities that they represent, they may also involve higher expenses and may trade at a discount (or premium) to the underlying security. Depository receipts may not enjoy the same degree of liquidity as the underlying securities that they represent. In addition, depositary receipts may not pass through voting and other shareholder rights, and may be less liquid than the underlying securities listed on an exchange.

 

Value Stock Risk

 

Value stocks involve the risk that they may never reach their expected full market value, either because the market fails to recognize the stock’s intrinsic worth, or the expected value was misgauged. Value stocks also may decline in price even though they are already undervalued.

 

Variable Interest Entity Risk

 

In China, ownership of internet information services companies by foreign individuals and entities (including U.S. persons and entities, inclusive of U.S. mutual funds) is prohibited. In order to facilitate investment in internet businesses by foreign individuals, many Chinese companies have created variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that allow foreign shareholders to exert a degree of control and obtain substantially all of the economic benefits arising from a company without formal legal ownership. VIEs are a longstanding industry practice, well known to Chinese officials and regulators; however, VIEs are not formally recognized under Chinese law. It is uncertain whether Chinese officials or regulators will withdraw their implicit acceptance of the VIE structure, or whether any new laws, rules or regulations relating to VIE structures will be adopted or, if adopted, what impact they would have on the interests of foreign shareholders. Under extreme circumstances, China might prohibit the existence of VIEs, or sever their ability to transmit economic and governance rights to foreign individuals and entities; if so, the market value of any associated portfolio holdings would likely suffer substantial, detrimental, and possibly permanent effects.

 

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

 

The Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of each Fund’s portfolio securities are described in the Funds’ SAI.

 

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Management

 

Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC, subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees, is responsible for the overall management and administration of each Fund’s business affairs. The Adviser commenced business operations in 2011, and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment adviser. The Adviser’s principal address is 1100 Larkspur Landing Circle, Suite 375, Larkspur, CA, 94939.

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Funds, in the aggregate, pay the Adviser an annual management fee of 0.75% of the aggregate average daily net assets of the Funds up to $1.5 billion and 0.70% of the aggregate average daily net assets of the Funds over $1.5 billion. Each Fund shall pay to the Adviser a monthly fee at the annual rate using the applicable management fee calculated based on the Fund’s pro rata share of the Funds’ combined average daily net assets.

 

Each Fund has adopted a Shareholder Services Plan (the “Services Plan”) for each of its share classes. Under the Services Plan, each Fund is authorized to enter into shareholder service agreements with investment advisers, financial institutions and other service providers (“Participating Organizations”) to maintain and provide certain administrative and servicing functions in relation to the accounts of shareholders. The Services Plan will cause each Fund to pay an aggregate fee, not to exceed on an annual basis 0.15% and 0.05% of the average daily net asset value of the Investor and Institutional classes, respectively. Such payments will be made on assets attributable to or held in the name of a Participating Organization, on behalf of its clients as compensation for providing service activities pursuant to an agreement with a Participating Organization. Any amount of such payment not paid during the Fund’s fiscal year for such service activities shall be reimbursed to the Fund as soon as practicable.

 

The Adviser has agreed to contractually waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit each Fund’s Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver / Expense Reimbursements (inclusive of acquired fund fees and expenses, and exclusive of brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) to, in the case of the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund, 1.15% and 1.05%, and in the case of the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund, 1.15% and 1.05%, of such Fund’s average daily net assets for the Investor and Institutional share classes respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has reimbursed through the Expense Agreement to the extent that a Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fees and expenses were deferred. This agreement may not be terminated or modified prior to August 31, 2020 except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

The current term of the Advisory Agreement is, separately with respect to each Fund, one year. The Board may extend the Advisory Agreement for additional one-year terms. The Board, shareholders of the Fund, or the Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ notice. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the renewal of the Funds’ Advisory Agreement is provided in the Funds’ Annual Report to shareholders for the period ended April 30, 2019.

 

During the most recent fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, each Fund paid the following aggregate advisory fees, expressed as a percentage of daily net assets (net of waivers), to the Fund’s investment adviser.

 

Fund Name

Total Annual Advisory Fee (as a
percentage of daily net assets)

Annual advisory fee to
investment adviser (as a
percentage of daily net assets)

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

0.75%

0.75%

Seafarer Overseas Value Fund

0.75%

0.32%

 

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Adviser’s Philosophy

 

Seafarer believes that disciplined active management, applied over a long-term horizon, can enhance investment performance and mitigate portfolio volatility.

 

Seafarer believes that structural inefficiencies exist within the financial markets of most developing countries. These inefficiencies can give rise to persistent mispricing of individual securities. Such inefficiencies may result from pronounced fluctuations in liquidity conditions, which can distort valuations; alternatively, they may arise from information asymmetries, where market participants misjudge the quality and growth prospects of a given business.

 

Seafarer further believes that most benchmark indices used to measure the performance of developing markets may incorporate certain shortcomings or biases. These biases mean that popular benchmarks may not fully represent the underlying economic and financial activity that they are supposed to track.

 

Seafarer thinks the presence of these two anomalies – mispriced individual securities, and benchmarks that incorporate biases – may provide an opportunity to enhance long-term investment performance for the benefit of shareholders.

 

Seafarer believes that fundamental research on individual companies is the best means by which to capitalize on persistent inefficiencies in financial markets. Seafarer constructs portfolios from the “bottom up,” meaning that it selects individual securities based on their specific merits.

 

Seafarer believes its process is best suited to a long-term investment horizon. Seafarer avoids chasing short-term investment themes or trying to time markets.

 

Seafarer’s objective is to provide long-term investment portfolios that participate in the opportunities afforded by growth and progress in the developing world. Seafarer’s goal is to build lasting wealth for its clients over time.

 

Portfolio Managers

 

More information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by each portfolio manager, and each portfolio manager’s ownership of securities in the Funds is included in the SAI.

 

Portfolio Manager

Fund(s)

Experience

Andrew Foster

Seafarer Overseas
Growth and
Income Fund

 

Seafarer Overseas
Value Fund

Andrew Foster is a Lead Portfolio Manager of the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund, and has been so since its inception in February 2012. He is the Co-Portfolio Manager of the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund, and has been so since its inception in May 2016. Mr. Foster is also the Chief Investment Officer of Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC, investment adviser to the Funds.

 

Before founding Seafarer Capital Partners in 2011, Mr. Foster was a Lead Portfolio Manager, Acting Chief Investment Officer, and Director of Research at Matthews International Capital Management, LLC, adviser to the Matthews Asia Funds.

 

Mr. Foster holds an A.B. in Public Policy and a secondary degree in Economics from Stanford University and an M.B.A. from INSEAD in France.

 

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Portfolio Manager

Fund(s)

Experience

Paul Espinosa

Seafarer Overseas
Growth and
Income Fund

 

Seafarer Overseas
Value Fund

Paul Espinosa is a Lead Portfolio Manager of the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund, and has been so since August 2018. Previously, he was a Co-Portfolio Manager of the Fund since June 2016. Mr. Espinosa is the Lead Portfolio Manager of the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund, and has been so since its inception in May 2016.

 

Before joining Seafarer Capital Partners in 2014, Mr. Espinosa was an equity research analyst at Legg Mason, where he focused on global emerging markets. Prior to joining Legg Mason, Mr. Espinosa performed the same function with the same team at Citigroup Asset Management. His previous experience includes equity research at J.P. Morgan Investment Management.

 

Mr. Espinosa holds an A.B. in Economics with Honors from Brown University. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst.

Inbok Song

Seafarer Overseas Growth and
Income Fund

Inbok Song is a Lead Portfolio Manager of the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund, and has been so since August 2018. Previously, she was a Co-Portfolio Manager of the Fund since August 2017. Ms. Song is also the Director of Research and Chief Data Scientist at Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC, investment adviser to the Funds.

 

Before joining Seafarer Capital Partners in 2016, Ms. Song was an Associate Portfolio Manager at Thornburg Investment Management, focused on emerging markets. Previously, she was a Co-Portfolio Manager at Matthews International Capital Management, adviser to the Matthews Asia Funds. Ms. Song began her career in emerging markets as an analyst with T.Stone Corp, a private equity firm based in Seoul, Korea.

 

Ms. Song holds a Bachelor’s degree and a Master’s degree in Material Science and Engineering from Seoul National University. She also holds a Master’s degree in International Management from the King’s College, University of London, and a Master’s degree in Management Science and Engineering with a concentration in Finance from Stanford University.

Kate Jaquet

Seafarer Overseas Growth and
Income Fund

Kate Jaquet is a Co-Portfolio Manager of the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund, and has been so since June 2016.

 

Before joining Seafarer Capital Partners in 2011, Ms. Jaquet was a buy-side high yield research analyst at Seneca Capital Management, LLC. Prior to joining Seneca, she was a sell-side emerging market research analyst at Credit Suisse First Boston. Ms. Jaquet began her career as an economic policy researcher for the Adam Smith Institute in London.

 

Ms. Jaquet holds a B.Sc. with Honors in Economics and Government and a M.Sc. in Economics and Public Policy, both from the London School of Economics.

 

Administrator, Transfer Agent, and Distributor

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. serves as the Funds’ administrator, fund accounting agent and transfer agent, and ALPS Distributors, Inc. (the “Distributor”) serves as the Funds’ distributor.

 

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Buying and Redeeming Shares

 

The following tables provide a summary of certain information about how to buy, exchange or redeem shares. The information in these tables is qualified in its entirety by the detailed descriptions that follow. You should read these tables in conjunction with the rest of the information in this section.

 

Investment Minimums*

 

 

Investor Shares

Institutional Shares

Minimum Initial Investment

$2,500 for all accounts, except that the minimum initial investment is $1,000 for retirement and education savings accounts and $1,500 for automatic investment plan accounts.

$25,000 for all accounts. Investors generally may meet the minimum initial investment by aggregating multiple accounts within the Fund. If a shareholder invests through a financial adviser or intermediary, the minimum initial investment may be met if that financial adviser or intermediary aggregates investments of multiple clients to meet the minimum.

Minimum Subsequent Investment

$100

$100

 

*

Each Fund reserves the right to waive or change investment minimums, in general or for accounts as sold through specific financial intermediaries, and delegates such authority to Seafarer. For accounts sold through financial intermediaries, it is the primary responsibility of the financial intermediary to ensure compliance with investment minimums. The Funds cannot necessarily ensure that various financial intermediaries will enforce investment minimums. Employees of the Adviser and their family members are not subject to any initial or subsequent investment minimums.

 

Opening an Account

 

By Mail

You may obtain an account application by calling 1-855-732-9220 between 9:00 AM and 8:00 PM ET, Monday through Friday, or via the Funds’ website at seafarerfunds.com.

 

Please mail your completed account application and a personal check payable to Seafarer Funds to:

 

Regular Mail:

 

Seafarer Funds
P.O. Box 44474
Denver, CO 80201

Overnight Mail:

 

Seafarer Funds
1290 Broadway, Suite 1000
Denver, CO 80203

Online

Please visit seafarerfunds.com.

By Broker / Intermediary

You may contact your broker or intermediary, who may charge you a fee for their services.

By Wire

To open an account and make an initial investment by wire, please first complete an account application form (see the options above).

 

After the Fund has received your completed account application form at one of the addresses listed above, you will receive an account number. Please ensure that your bank receives this account number as part of your wiring instructions.

 

For more details on wiring instructions, please call 1-855-732-9220 between 9:00 AM and 8:00 PM ET, Monday through Friday, or visit seafarerfunds.com/wiring-instructions.

 

Please note that most banks charge fees when sending wires.

 

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Adding to an Account (Subsequent Investment)

 

Existing Investor and Institutional Class shareholders may purchase additional shares of the same class for all authorized accounts through the methods described below.

 

By Mail

Please send a letter (with your account number) or statement stub to the Fund, or complete a subscription form (available at seafarerfunds.com or by calling 1-855-732-9220 between 9:00 AM and 8:00 PM ET, Monday through Friday).

 

Mail the letter or completed form, along with a personal check payable to Seafarer Funds, to:

 

Regular Mail:

 

Seafarer Funds
P.O. Box 44474
Denver, CO 80201

Overnight Mail:

 

Seafarer Funds
1290 Broadway, Suite 1000
Denver, CO 80203

Online

Before you can make a subsequent investment online, you must first establish online account access. You will need your Fund account number and your Social Security Number to establish online account access. Visit seafarerfunds.com and select Account Login, where you will be able to create a user ID and password.

Via Automatic
Investment Plan

You may establish an Automatic Investment Plan when you open your account. To do so, please complete the Automatic Investment Plan section of the account application.

 

Additionally, you may establish an Automatic Investment Plan by completing the Account Options Form available at seafarerfunds.com.

By Broker/Intermediary

You may contact your broker or intermediary, who may charge you a fee for their services.

By Wire

Please call us at 1-855-732-9220 between 9:00 AM and 8:00 PM ET, Monday through Friday, and inform us that you will be wiring funds.

 

Please ensure that your bank receives your Fund account number as part of your wiring instructions. For more details on wiring instructions, please call 1-855-732-9220 or visit seafarerfunds.com/wiring-instructions.

 

Please note that most banks charge fees when sending wires.

 

Selling Shares (Redeeming Your Investment)

 

By Mail

Please send a letter to the Fund, or complete a redemption form (available at seafarerfunds.com or by calling 1-855-732-9220 between 9:00 AM and 8:00 PM ET, Monday through Friday).

 

Mail the letter or completed form to:

 

Regular Mail:

 

Seafarer Funds
P.O. Box 44474
Denver, CO 80201

Overnight Mail:

 

Seafarer Funds
1290 Broadway, Suite 1000
Denver, CO 80203

 

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Please include your name, account number and sale amount in dollars or shares. Please ensure that each owner of the account signs the letter or form.

 

For security purposes, a medallion signature guarantee will be required if:

 

1. Your written request is for an amount over $50,000; or

 

2. A change of address was received by the Fund’s transfer agent within the last 30 days; or

 

3. The money is to be sent to a destination other than your bank account or address of record.

 

For more information on obtaining a medallion signature guarantee, see “Medallion Signature Guarantees” in this Prospectus.

By Phone

Please call 1-855-732-9220 between 9:00 AM and 8:00 PM ET, Monday through Friday to redeem your shares.

 

When you open your account you will automatically have the ability to redeem shares by telephone unless you specify otherwise on your account application. To change your telephone preferences, please complete the Account Options Form available at seafarerfunds.com or call 1-855-732-9220.

 

PLEASE NOTE: Redemption by phone is not available for retirement or education savings accounts.

By Wire

If you have previously established wiring instructions for your account, please call 1-855-732-9220 to redeem your shares, or complete a redemption form available at seafarerfunds.com. Please note that a Fund or your bank may charge a fee in order to process the wire.

 

If you have an open account, but have not previously established wiring instructions for that account, please send us a written request to add such wiring instructions to your account. In order to do this, please complete the Transaction Request Form or Account Options Form available at seafarerfunds.com or call 1-855-732-9220.

Online

Before you can sell shares online, you must first establish online account access. You will need your Fund account number and your Social Security Number to establish online account access. Visit seafarerfunds.com and select Account Login, where you will be able to create a user ID and password.

By Broker / Intermediary

Contact your broker or intermediary, who may charge you a fee for their services.

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”), will maintain an account for each shareholder upon which the registration and transfer of shares are recorded, and any transfers shall be reflected by bookkeeping entry, without physical delivery. Confirmations of each purchase or redemption are sent to each shareholder. Quarterly statements of account are sent which include shares purchased as a result of a reinvestment of Fund distributions. The Transfer Agent will require that a shareholder provide requests in writing, accompanied by a valid medallion signature guarantee form, when changing certain information in an account (i.e., wiring instructions etc.). For information on obtaining a medallion signature guarantee, see “Medallion Signature Guarantees” in this Prospectus.

 

Each Fund has the right to charge an annual service fee or other designated fees (e.g., a transfer, rollover or termination fee) for maintaining a shareholder’s retirement account. In addition, each Fund has the right to be reimbursed for all reasonable expenses, including legal expenses, that the Fund incurs in connection with the administration of a retirement account. Each Fund may charge a shareholder separately for any such fees or expenses, or the Fund may deduct the amount of the fees or expenses from the assets in the shareholder’s retirement account at its discretion. Each Fund reserves the right to charge any additional fee upon 30 days’ notice to a shareholder that the fee will be effective.

 

An annual pass-through IRA and Coverdell Education Savings Account maintenance fee of $10.00 is charged by the IRA custodian on a per-account basis.

 

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Classes of Shares

 

Each Fund offers two classes of shares, an Investor Class and an Institutional Class.

 

Each share class of such Fund represents an investment in the same portfolio of securities, but each share class has its own charges and expense structure. When you purchase shares of a Fund, you must choose a share class.

 

Factors you should consider in choosing a class of shares include:

 

 

how long you expect to own the shares;

 

how much you intend to invest;

 

total expenses associated with owning shares of each class.

 

With certain exceptions, the Institutional Class shares are typically offered only to those investors that purchase at least the prescribed minimum amount of the Fund. Institutional Class shares are offered directly, via the Fund’s transfer agent, and through financial intermediaries (including, but not limited to, broker-dealers, retirement plans, bank trust departments, and financial advisers). Such intermediaries may require payments for the provision of distribution, administrative or shareholder retention services, and networking and/or omnibus account fees. Some of the foregoing payments may be borne by the Adviser or other service providers to the Fund; some payments (except those related to distribution) may be borne directly by the Fund.

 

Not all financial intermediaries offer all classes of shares. Each investor’s financial considerations are different. You should speak with your financial adviser to help you decide which share class is best for you. If your financial intermediary offers more than one class of shares, you should carefully consider which class of shares to purchase. Certain classes have higher expenses than other classes, which may lower the return on your investment.

 

Shareholder Services Plan

 

The Investor Class and Institutional Class shares of the Funds have adopted a shareholder services plan (“Services Plan”). Under the Services Plan, the Funds are authorized to pay select financial intermediaries and/or Fund affiliates who have entered into a written agreement with the Funds to perform certain ongoing non-distribution-related shareholder services provided to shareholders in both Investor Class and Institutional Class shares of the Funds (“Participating Organizations”).

 

The aggregate fees on an annual basis for the Investor Class shares of the Funds are not to exceed 0.15% of the average daily net asset value of the Investor Class shares held in the name of a Participating Organization. The aggregate fees on an annual basis for the Institutional Class shares of the Funds are not to exceed 0.05% of the average daily net asset value of the Institutional Class shares held in the name of a Participating Organization. The Service Plan fees are compensation for providing some or all of the following ongoing shareholder related services: (i) establishing and maintaining Fund shareholder accounts, (ii) aggregating, processing and transmitting Fund shareholder orders and instructions regarding accounts, (iii) processing dividend and other distribution payments from each Fund on behalf of shareholders, (iv) preparing reports or forms on behalf of shareholders, (v) forwarding communications from each Fund to shareholders, and (vi) providing other similar services as applicable statutes, rules or regulations permit. None of the aforementioned services includes distribution-related services or activities. Any amount of such payment not paid during a Fund’s fiscal year for such service activities shall be reimbursed to such Fund’s applicable share class.

 

Because these Services Plan fees are paid out of a Fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, over time, it will increase the cost of an investment in a Fund. Service Plan Fees incurred are included under “Other Expenses” in a Fund’s Fees and Expenses tables in this Prospectus.

 

Networking, Sub-Accounting, and Administrative Fees

 

Select financial intermediaries may enter into arrangements with each Fund, or its designees, to perform certain networking, recordkeeping, sub-accounting and/or administrative services for shareholders of each Fund. These services are routinely processed through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s Fund/SERV and Trust Networking systems or similar systems. In consideration for providing these services in an automated environment, such financial intermediaries may receive compensation from

 

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each Fund, which is typically paid pursuant to the Shareholder Services Plan. Any such compensation by each Fund to these select financial intermediaries for the aforementioned services is in addition to, and distinct from, any payments for distribution-related services, if any, provided to applicable Fund shareholders.

 

Payments to Select Financial Intermediaries and Other Arrangements

 

The Adviser and/or its affiliates may enter into arrangements to make payments for additional distribution, marketing, shareholder servicing and/or administrative activities to select financial intermediaries out of the Adviser’s own resources (which may include profits from providing advisory services to each Fund). These payments are often referred to as “revenue sharing payments” and the revenue sharing payment amounts generally vary by financial intermediary. The aggregate amount of the revenue sharing payments is determined by the Adviser and may be substantial. Revenue sharing payments create no additional cost to each Fund or its applicable shareholders.

 

Revenue sharing payments may create an incentive for a financial intermediary or its employees or associated persons to recommend or sell shares of each Fund to you, rather than shares of another mutual fund. Please contact your financial intermediary’s investment professional for details about revenue sharing payments it may be receiving.

 

Your broker, dealer or other financial intermediary may charge you fees or commissions in addition to the fees disclosed in this prospectus. Please contact your financial intermediary for details about any fees or expenses it charges.

 

Investment Minimums

 

For each Fund, the minimum initial investment for the Investor Class is $2,500 for all accounts, except that the minimum initial investment is $1,000 for retirement and education savings accounts and $1,500 for automatic investment plan accounts. The minimum initial investment for the Institutional Class is $25,000 for all accounts. Investors generally may meet the minimum initial investment for the Institutional Class by aggregating multiple accounts within the Fund. If a shareholder invests in the Fund through a financial adviser or intermediary, the minimum initial investment for the Institutional Class may be met if that financial adviser or intermediary aggregates investments of multiple clients to meet the minimum. The minimum investment for subsequent purchases is $100 for both share classes.

 

The Funds reserve the right to waive or change investment minimums, in general or for accounts as sold through specific financial intermediaries, and delegate such authority to Seafarer. For accounts sold through financial intermediaries, it is the primary responsibility of the financial intermediary to ensure compliance with investment minimums. The Funds cannot necessarily ensure that various financial intermediaries will enforce investment minimums.

 

Employees of the Adviser and their family members are not subject to any initial or subsequent investment minimums.

 

Buying Shares

 

In order to buy or redeem shares at that day’s price, you must place your order with a Fund or its agent before the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) closes (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time). If the NYSE closes early, you must place your order prior to the actual closing time. Orders received by financial intermediaries prior to the close of trading on the NYSE will be confirmed at the offering price computed as of the close of the trading on the NYSE. It is the responsibility of the financial intermediary to insure that all orders are transmitted in a timely manner to the Fund. Otherwise, you will receive the next business day’s price.

 

The Funds do not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be their agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services, or receipt at the Seafarer Funds’ post office box, of purchase orders or redemption requests does not constitute receipt by the Funds.

 

Investors may be charged a fee if they effect transactions through a broker or agent. Each Fund has authorized one or more brokers to receive on its behalf purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on the Fund’s behalf. The Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s authorized designee, receives the order. Customer orders

 

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will be priced at the Fund’s Net Asset Value next computed after they are received by an authorized broker or the broker’s authorized designee.

 

With certain limited exceptions, each Fund is available only to U.S. citizens and/or residents.

 

The Funds generally will accept purchases only in U.S. dollars drawn from U.S. financial institutions. Cashier’s checks, third party checks, money orders, credit card convenience checks, cash or equivalents or payments in foreign currencies are not acceptable forms of payment. You may also contact the Funds to request a purchase of Fund shares using securities you own. The Funds reserve the right to refuse or accept such requests in whole or in part.

 

Restrictions on Fund Purchases

 

The Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund’s Investor Class (which closed to most new investors on September 30, 2016) is available for purchase only by the following investors:

 

 

Existing shareholders of the Fund’s Investor Class;

 

Financial advisers with existing clients invested in the Fund’s Investor Class (i.e., these advisers can continue to add new clients in the Fund’s Investor Class); and

 

Employees of Seafarer and their family members.

 

Please note the following about the Fund’s Investor Class:

 

 

Some broker-dealers and financial intermediaries may not be able to accommodate purchases of the Fund’s Investor Class based on the criteria listed above.

 

If a shareholder closes an account in the Fund’s Investor Class due to redemption or exchange, the shareholder will no longer be able to make additional investments in the Fund’s Investor Class.

 

Exchanges between the Seafarer Funds (i.e., the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund and the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund) and share class transfers are subject to any existing restrictions on, or conditions of, the Fund and/or share class that is to be acquired.

 

The Fund reserves the right to make exceptions to any action taken to close the Fund, or limit inflows into the Fund, and delegates such authority to Seafarer.

 

Automatic Investment Plans

 

Automatic Investment Plans allow you to make regular investments in a Fund through automatic deductions from your bank account. Automatic Investment Plans are offered for both the Investor and Institutional share classes. You may establish an Automatic Investment Plan when you open your account or, for an existing account, by completing the Account Options Form available at seafarerfunds.com. The minimum automatic deduction is $100 per month or quarter. There is no charge to participate in a Fund’s Automatic Investment Plan. You can stop the deductions at any time by notifying the Fund in writing or via telephone at 1-855-732-9220.

 

Redeeming Shares

 

Each Fund will redeem all full and fractional shares of the Fund upon request on any business day at the applicable net asset value determined after the receipt of proper redemption instructions. Shareholders liquidating their holdings will receive upon redemption all dividends reinvested through the date of redemption. If notice of redemption is received on any business day, the redemption will be effective on the date of receipt. Payment will ordinarily be made on the next business day, but, in any case, within no more than seven days from the date of receipt. If the notice is received on a day that is not a business day or after the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE, the redemption notice will be deemed received as of the next business day. The value of shares at the time of redemption may be more or less than the shareholder’s cost.

 

It is anticipated that a Fund will meet redemption requests through the sale of portfolio assets or from its holdings in cash or cash equivalents. A Fund may use the proceeds from the sale of portfolio assets to meet redemption requests if consistent with the management of the Fund. These redemption methods will be used regularly and may also be used in stressed or abnormal market conditions, including circumstances adversely affecting the liquidity of a Fund’s investments, in which case a Fund may be more likely to be forced to sell its holdings to meet redemptions than under normal market conditions. Each Fund reserves the right to redeem in kind. Redemptions in kind typically are used to meet

 

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redemption requests that represent a large percentage of a Fund’s net assets in order to limit the impact of a large redemption on the Fund and its remaining shareholders. Redemptions in kind may be used in normal as well as in stressed market conditions. A Fund may also borrow, or draw on lines of credit that may be available to the Fund individually or to the Trust, in order to meet redemption requests during stressed market conditions. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund is limited as to the amount that it may borrow and accordingly, borrowings (including those made under a line of credit) might be insufficient to meet redemption requests.

 

Redemptions, like purchases, may be made directly through the Funds or through retirement plans, broker-dealers and financial intermediaries. Please contact your financial intermediary or refer to the appropriate plan documents for details. Your financial intermediary may charge a processing, redemption or service fee in connection with the redemption of shares.

 

Note: Each Fund has the right to suspend or postpone redemptions of shares for any period (i) during which the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (ii) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; or (iii) during which (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or as otherwise permitted by the SEC.

 

Redemption Payments

 

In all cases, your redemption price is the net asset value per share next determined after your request is received in good order. Payment of redemption proceeds will ordinarily be made on the next business day following the date of redemption, but, in any case, within no more than seven days from the date of redemption. However, if you recently purchased your shares by check, your redemption proceeds will not be sent to you until your original check clears, which may take up to seven business days. Your redemption proceeds can be sent by check to your address of record or by wire transfer to your bank account of record. A Fund or your bank may charge you a fee for wire transfers. Any request that your redemption proceeds be sent to a destination other than your bank account or address of record must be in writing and must include a medallion signature guarantee, as described in “Medallion Signature Guarantees” in this Prospectus.

 

The Funds are not responsible for losses or fees resulting from posting delays or non-receipt of redemption payments at your bank when shareholder payment instructions are followed.

 

Redemptions In-Kind

 

Each Fund reserves the right to make redemption payments in securities rather than cash. If a Fund deems it advisable that a redemption payment wholly or partly in-kind would be in the best interests of the Fund’s remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay redemption proceeds to you in whole or in part with securities held by the Fund. A redemption in-kind could occur under extraordinary circumstances, such as a very large redemption that could affect a Fund’s operations (for example, more than 1% of the Fund’s net assets). However, each Fund is required to redeem shares solely for cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the NAV of the Fund during any 90-calendar day period for any one shareholder. Should redemptions by any shareholder exceed such limitation, the Fund will have the option of redeeming the excess in cash or in-kind. Securities used to redeem Fund shares will be valued as described in “How Fund Shares Are Priced” below. A shareholder may pay brokerage charges and other transaction-related fees on the sale of any securities received as a result of a redemption in-kind.

 

Medallion Signature Guarantees

 

A medallion signature guarantee assures that a signature is genuine. It is intended to protect shareholders and the Funds against fraudulent transactions by unauthorized persons. Each Fund requires a medallion signature guarantee on any written redemption request over $50,000 (but may require additional documentation or a medallion signature guarantee on any redemption request, or on certain types of transfer requests or account registration changes). Medallion signature guarantees must be obtained from a participant in a medallion program endorsed by the Securities Transfer Association. Participants are typically commercial banks or trust companies in the U.S., brokerage firms that are members of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. or members of the New York Stock Exchange. Call your financial institution to find out if it participates in a medallion program, or call the Funds at 1-855-732-9220 for information on obtaining a medallion signature guarantee.

 

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Share Class Transfers

 

Fund shareholders may transfer shares between the Investor and Institutional classes of the same Fund. Share class transfers must generally meet the minimum investment requirements described in “Investment Minimums” in this Prospectus, though each Fund reserves the right to waive or change investment minimums and delegates such authority to Seafarer. A share class transfer is generally not considered a taxable transaction. The Funds do not impose fees for such transfers. You may request a share class transfer by telephone or by mail. Please call Shareholder Services at 1-855-732-9220 for more information. Please note: broker-dealers or financial intermediaries might restrict share class transfers, or they might impose fees on such transfers.

 

Exchanging Shares

 

If you have held all or part of your shares in a Fund for at least seven days, you may exchange those shares for shares of the same class of the other Fund, if such Fund is available for sale in your state and meets your investment criteria.

 

Any new account established through an exchange will be subject to all minimum requirements applicable to the shares acquired. Any new account or new subscription established through an exchange is subject to any existing restrictions or conditions on the Fund that is to be acquired. The exchange privilege may only be exercised in those states where the class of shares being acquired legally may be sold. If you are an existing shareholder of a Fund, you may exchange into a new account copying your existing account registration and options. Exchanges between accounts will be accepted only if registrations are identical. If a shareholder exchanges the shares of one Fund for another, the shareholder is not entitled to later reverse the exchange unless all the foregoing conditions are satisfied.

 

Before effecting an exchange, you should read the prospectus of the Fund into which you are exchanging.

 

An exchange represents the sale of shares of one fund and the purchase of shares of another fund. Under the U.S. federal income tax law, this may produce a taxable gain or loss in your non-tax-advantaged account. Transfers between classes of a single Fund are generally not considered a taxable transaction (see “Share Class Transfers” above).

 

The exchange privilege may be modified or terminated upon sixty (60) days written notice to shareholders. Although initially there will be no limit on the number of times you may exercise the exchange privilege, each Fund reserves the right to impose such a limitation. Call or write each Fund for further details.

 

Share Transactions

 

Small Account Balances / Mandatory Redemptions

 

If at any time your account balance falls below the applicable minimum initial investment amount for the share class and type of account described under “Investment Minimums” in this Prospectus due to redemptions, a letter may be sent advising you to add to your account to meet the applicable minimum account balance, to transfer your shares to another share class of the Fund for which you are eligible, or to redeem the remaining shares in your account. If action is not taken within 30 days of the notice, the Fund may require mandatory redemption of shares, or the Fund may elect to transfer the shares to another share class of the Fund for which you are eligible. The Fund may adopt other policies from time to time requiring mandatory redemption of shares in certain circumstances, such as to comply with new regulatory requirements.

 

Each Fund reserves the right to waive or change investment minimums, and delegates such authority to Seafarer. Employees of the Adviser and their family members are not subject to any initial or subsequent investment minimums.

 

Share Certificates

 

The Funds do not issue share certificates.

 

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Verification of Accounting Statements

 

You must contact the Funds in writing regarding any errors or discrepancies within 60 days after the date of the statement confirming a transaction. The Funds may deny your ability to refute a transaction if it does not hear from you within 60 days after the confirmation statement date.

 

Non-receipt of Purchase Wire / Insufficient Funds Policy

 

Each Fund reserves the right to cancel a purchase if payment of the check or electronic funds transfer does not clear your bank, or if a wire is not received by settlement date. Each Fund may charge a fee for insufficient funds and you may be responsible for any fees imposed by your bank and any losses that the Fund may incur as a result of the canceled purchase.

 

Frequent Purchases and Sales of Fund Shares

 

Because of the risks associated with an investment in the Funds, and so that you can better manage volatility in each Fund’s NAV, the Funds recommend that you invest only for the long term. Short-term buying and selling of shares of a Fund may have detrimental effects on the Fund and other shareholders. Short-term trading and market timing can disrupt the management of the Fund’s investment portfolio and cause the Fund to incur costs and taxation impacts, which are often borne by non-redeeming shareholders.

 

The Board has adopted policies and procedures designed to deter frequent purchases and redemptions, and to seek to prevent market timing. To minimize harm to the Funds and their shareholders, the Funds reserve the right to reject, in their sole discretion, any purchase order from any investor the Funds believe has a history of abusive trading or whose trading, in the Funds’ judgment, has been or may be disruptive to the Funds. Each Fund may also refuse purchase transactions from Fund intermediaries it believes may be facilitating or have facilitated abusive trading practices. In making this judgment, the Funds may consider trading done in multiple accounts under common ownership or control.

 

On a periodic basis, the Transfer Agent will review transaction history reports and will identify redemptions that are within a specific time period from a previous purchase in the same account(s) in a Fund, or in multiple accounts that are known to be under common control. Redemptions meeting the criteria will be investigated for possible inappropriate trading.

 

Certain accounts, in particular omnibus accounts, include multiple investors and such accounts typically provide the Funds with a net purchase or redemption request on any given day. In these cases, purchases and redemptions of Fund shares are netted against one another and the identity of individual purchasers and redeemers whose orders are aggregated may not be known by the Fund. Therefore, it becomes more difficult for the Fund to identify market timing or other abusive trading activities in these accounts, and the Fund may be unable to eliminate abusive traders in these accounts from the Fund. Further, identification of abusive traders may also be limited by operational systems and technical limitations. To the extent abusive or disruptive trading is identified, the Fund will encourage omnibus account intermediaries to address such trading activity in a manner consistent with how the Fund would address such activity directly, if it were able to do so.

 

Due to the complexity and subjectivity involved in identifying market timing and other abusive trading practices, there can be no assurance that the Funds’ efforts will identify all market timing or abusive trading activities. Therefore, investors should not assume that the Funds will be able to detect or prevent all practices that may disadvantage a Fund.

 

How Fund Shares Are Priced

 

The Board has approved procedures to be used to value the Funds’ securities for the purpose of determining a Fund’s NAV. The valuation of the securities of a Fund is determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Board. The Board has delegated certain valuation functions for the Fund to the Administrator.

 

Each Fund generally values its securities based on market prices determined at the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time) on each business day (Monday through Friday). The Fund will not value its securities on any day that the NYSE is closed, including the following observed holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The Fund’s currency valuations are done as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time). For equity

 

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securities that are traded on an exchange, the market price is usually the closing sale or official closing price on that exchange, provided such price is not deemed stale, and that it represents fair value. In the case of securities not traded on an exchange, or if such closing prices are not otherwise available, the market price is typically determined by independent third party pricing vendors approved by the Fund’s Board using a variety of pricing techniques and methodologies. The market price for debt obligations (including short-term debt obligations that will mature in 60 days or less) is generally the price supplied by an independent third-party pricing service approved by the Fund’s Board, which may use a matrix, formula or other objective method that takes into consideration market indices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. In certain circumstances, bid and ask prices may be obtained from: (i) a broker/ dealer specified and deemed reliable by the Adviser, (ii) pink sheets, yellow sheets or the blue list, or (iii) a pricing agent that obtains quotations from broker/dealers or evaluates the value of the respective bid and ask prices. If vendors are unable to supply a price, or if the price supplied is deemed to be unreliable, the market price may be determined using quotations received from one or more brokers/ dealers that make a market in the security.

 

When such prices or quotations are not available, or when the Adviser believes that they are unreliable, securities may be priced using fair value procedures approved by the Board. Because a Fund invests in securities that may be thinly traded or for which market quotations may not be readily available or may be unreliable (such as securities of small capitalization companies), the Fund may use fair valuation procedures more frequently than funds that invest primarily in securities that are more liquid (such as equity securities of large capitalization domestic issuers). Each Fund may also use fair value procedures if the Adviser determines that a significant event has occurred between the time at which a market price is determined and the time at which the Fund’s net asset value is calculated. In particular, the value of foreign securities may be materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which they are traded, but before the Fund prices its shares.

 

Each Fund may determine the fair value of investments based on information provided by pricing services and other third-party vendors, which may recommend fair value prices or adjustments with reference to other securities, indices or assets. In considering whether fair value pricing is required and in determining fair values, the Fund may, among other things, consider significant events (which may be considered to include changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after the close of the relevant market and before the Fund values its securities. In addition, the Fund may utilize modeling tools provided by third-party vendors to determine fair values of foreign securities. The Fund’s use of fair value pricing may help deter “stale price arbitrage.”

 

Valuing securities at fair value involves greater reliance on judgment than valuation of securities based on readily available market quotations. A fund that uses fair value to price securities may value those securities higher or lower than another fund using market quotations or its own fair value methodologies to price the same securities. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its net asset value.

 

The Funds invest, or may invest, in securities that are traded on foreign exchanges or markets, which may be open when the NYSE is closed. As a result, the value of your investment in a Fund may change on days when you are unable to purchase or redeem shares.

 

Customer Identification Program

 

To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires the Funds’ Transfer Agent to obtain certain personal information from you (or persons acting on your behalf) in order to verify your (or such person’s) identity when you open an account, including name, address, date of birth and other information (which may include certain documents) that will allow the Transfer Agent to verify your identity. If this information is not provided, the Transfer Agent may not be able to open your account. If the Transfer Agent is unable to verify your identity (or that of another person authorized to act on your behalf) shortly after your account is opened, or believes it has identified potentially criminal activity, the Funds, the Distributor and the Transfer Agent each reserve the right to reject further purchase orders from you or to take such other action as they deem reasonable or required by law, including closing your account and redeeming your shares at their NAV at the time of redemption.

 

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If you are opening an account in the name of a legal entity (e.g., a partnership, business trust, limited liability company, corporation, etc.), you may be required to supply the identity of the beneficial owner or controlling person(s) of the legal entity prior to the opening of your account. The Fund may request additional information about you (which may include certain documents, such as articles of incorporation for companies) to help the Transfer Agent verify your identity.

 

Dividends and Distributions

 

In general, the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund’s policy is to distribute to its shareholders substantially all net investment income, paid out via two semi-annual dividends, in June and December. The Seafarer Overseas Value Fund’s policy is to distribute to its shareholders substantially all net investment income via one annual dividend in December. It is also each Fund’s policy to distribute annually all net realized short-term and long-term capital gains, if any, after offsetting any capital loss carryovers. A Fund may make additional distributions and dividends at other times if the Adviser believes doing so may be necessary for the Fund to avoid or reduce taxes.

 

Income dividend distributions are derived from interest and other income each Fund receives from its collateral holdings and include distributions of short-term capital gains. Such income is netted with Fund expenses to determine the income dividend. Long-term capital gain distributions are derived from gains realized when a Fund sells an investment it has owned for more than a year, from capital gain distributions from securities in which the Fund own an investment, or from transactions in exchange-traded futures that qualify as section 1256 contracts, which may generate both short- term and long-term capital gains distributions.

 

Distributions and dividends are reinvested in additional Fund shares unless you instruct the Transfer Agent to have your distributions and/or dividends paid by check mailed to the address of record or transferred through an Automated Clearing House to the bank of your choice. You can change your account settings at any time to be effective as of the next distribution or dividend, except that any change given to the Transfer Agent less than five days before the payment date will not be effective until the next distribution or dividend is made. Distribution checks will only be issued for payments greater than $25.00. Distribution payments less than $25.00 will automatically be reinvested in shares of the Fund(s) generating the distribution. Un-cashed distribution checks will be canceled, and proceeds reinvested at the then current net asset value, for any shareholder who chooses to receive distributions in cash, if distribution checks: (i) are returned and marked as “undeliverable” or (ii) remain un-cashed for six months after the date of issuance. If distribution checks are canceled and reinvested, your account election may also be changed so that all future distributions are reinvested rather than paid in cash. Interest will not accrue on uncashed distribution checks.

 

Taxes

 

The discussion below only addresses the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Funds for U.S. persons and does not address any foreign, state or local tax consequences. For purposes of this discussion, U.S. persons are:

 

 

U.S. citizens or residents;

 

U.S. corporations;

 

an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

a trust, if a court within the U.S. is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or certain electing trusts that were in existence on August 20, 1996, and were treated as domestic trusts on August 19, 1996.

 

This discussion does not address issues of significance to U.S. persons in special situations such as: (i) certain types of tax- exempt organizations, (ii) shareholders holding shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plan accounts or individual retirement accounts), (iii) shareholders holding investments through foreign institutions (financial and non- financial), (iv) financial institutions, (v) broker-dealers, (vi) entities not organized under the laws of the U.S. or a political subdivision thereof, (vii) shareholders holding shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction, and

 

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(viii) shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax. If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. For further information regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Funds, investors should see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Taxation of the Funds.”

 

Non-U.S. persons that are considering the purchase of shares should consult with their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares in the Funds.

 

The Funds intend to meet all requirements under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code necessary to qualify for treatment as a “regulated investment companies” (or RICs) and thus do not expect to pay any U.S. federal income tax on income and capital gains distributed to shareholders. The Funds also intend to meet certain distribution requirements such that neither Fund is subject to U.S. federal income tax in general. If a Fund does not meet the distribution requirements, the Fund may be subject to significant excise taxes. This discussion is based on the assumption that the Funds will qualify under Subchapter M of the Code as RICs and will satisfy these distribution requirements. There can be no guarantee that this assumption will be correct.

 

Taxation of Fund Distributions

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, shareholders of RICs are generally subject to taxation based on the underlying character of the income and gain recognized by the RIC and distributed to the shareholders.

 

Distributions of net capital gains that are properly designated by a Fund as capital gain dividends (“capital gain dividends”) will be taxable to Fund shareholders as long-term capital gains. Generally, distributions of earnings derived from ordinary income and short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income. The Funds do not expect a significant portion of their distributions to derive from “qualified dividend income,” which will be taxed to non-corporate shareholders at favorable rates so long as certain requirements are met. Corporate shareholders may be able to take a dividends-received deduction for a portion of the dividends they receive from a Fund to the extent such dividends are received by the Fund from a domestic corporation and to the extent a portion of interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund are treated as dividends subject, in each case, to certain holding period requirements and debt-financing limitations.

 

Some of the Funds’ investments, such as certain option transactions and certain futures transactions, may be “section 1256 contracts.” Section 1256 contracts are taxed annually on a “marked to market” basis as if sold for their fair market values at the end of the tax year. Gains and losses on section 1256 contracts are generally treated as 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss (with certain exceptions).

 

Each Fund may also realize long-term capital gains when it sells or redeems a security that it has owned for more than one year and when it receives capital gain distributions from exchange traded funds in which that Fund owns investments. Each Fund may realize short-term capital gains from the sale of investments that such Fund owned for one year or less. Each Fund may realize ordinary income from distributions from exchange traded funds, from foreign currency gains that are not section 1256 contracts, from interest on indebtedness owned by a Fund, and from other sources.

 

The maximum long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals is 20%, in addition to the surtax on net investment income. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Taxation of Fund Distributions.”

 

Distributions of earnings are taxable whether or not a shareholder receives them in cash or reinvests them in additional shares. If a distribution of earnings is made shortly after a shareholder purchases shares of a Fund, while in effect a return of capital, the dividend or distribution is still taxable. You can avoid this, if you choose, by investing after a Fund has paid a dividend.

 

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Sale or Redemption of Fund Shares

 

A shareholder’s sale or redemption of Fund shares will generally result in taxable gain (if positive) or loss (if negative) in an amount equal to (i) the amount realized, reduced by (ii) the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the Fund shares sold or redeemed. A shareholder who receives securities in redemption of shares of a Fund will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between (i) the aggregate fair market value of the securities received plus the amount of any cash received (net of any applicable fees), and (ii) the shareholder’s adjusted basis in the shares redeemed.

 

Any capital gain or loss realized upon the sale or redemption of shares of a Fund is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for one year or less. In certain situations, a loss on the sale or redemption of shares held for six months or less will be a long-term loss. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to significant limitations.

 

Any loss realized on a sale or redemption of shares of a Fund may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent that the shares disposed of are replaced with other substantially identical shares of a Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before the shares are disposed of, such as pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in shares of a Fund. Persons redeeming shares should consult their own tax adviser with respect to whether the wash sale rules apply and when such a loss might be deductible. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES –Sale or Redemption of Shares.”

 

Taxation of Certain Investments

 

A Fund’s investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding or other taxes, which would reduce the Fund’s yield on such securities. Shareholders generally will not be entitled to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes paid by a Fund, although it is possible that the Fund may be able to elect to pass through foreign tax credits or deductions to its shareholders. The Funds make no assurances regarding their ability or willingness to so elect. In addition, a Fund’s investments in foreign securities or foreign currencies may increase or accelerate the Fund’s recognition of ordinary income and may affect the timing or amount of the Fund’s distributions. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Special Tax Considerations.”

 

A Fund may, at times, buy debt obligations at a discount from the price at which they were originally issued, especially during periods of rising interest rates. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, any original issue discount inherent in such investments will be included in a Fund’s ordinary income when and as it accrues as required by applicable law. Even though payment of that amount may not be received until a later time and will be subject to the risk of nonpayment, it will be distributed to shareholders as taxable dividends. A Fund may also buy debt obligations in the secondary market that are treated as having a market discount. Generally, a gain recognized on the disposition of such an investment is treated as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of the accrued market discount, but a Fund may elect instead to currently include the amount of market discount as ordinary income even though the Fund does not receive payment of such amount at that time.

 

Other Foreign Tax Issues

 

A Fund’s investments in India may be subject to short-term capital gains tax in that country. The tax is levied on gains realized upon disposition of Indian securities held less than one year. The tax is computed on net realized gains; any realized losses in excess of gains may be carried forward for a period of up to eight years to offset future gains. Any net taxes payable must be remitted to the Indian government prior to repatriation of sales proceeds. A Fund accrues a deferred tax liability for net unrealized short-term gains in excess of available carry forwards on Indian securities. This accrual may reduce the Fund’s net asset value.

 

A Fund shareholder may bear the economic burden of Indian capital gains tax imposed on appreciated securities held for one year or less and sold by the Fund to fund redemptions of other shareholders. By contrast, a shareholder who redeems before the appreciated securities are sold could avoid the burden of those taxes.

 

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In addition, a Fund may be subject to other foreign tax regulations on income and capital gains. For a more complete discussion of such issues, please refer to the SAI.

 

Surtax on Net Investment Income

 

A surtax of 3.8% applies to net investment income of an individual taxpayer, and to the undistributed net investment income of a trust or estate, to the extent that the taxpayer recognizes gross income (as adjusted) in excess of a certain amount for a year. Net investment income includes, among other types of income, ordinary income, dividend income and capital gains derived from an investment in a Fund. For information regarding the surtax on net investment income, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Surtax on Net Investment Income.”

 

Backup Withholding

 

The Funds are also required in certain circumstances to apply backup withholding on taxable dividends, redemption proceeds and certain other payments that are paid to any shareholder who does not furnish to the Funds certain information and certifications or who is otherwise subject to backup withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is currently 24%. For more information regarding backup withholding, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Backup Withholding.”

 

Foreign Accounts

 

Shareholders that invest in a Fund through foreign accounts may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on: (i) income dividends paid by the Fund, and (ii) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of a sale of Fund shares paid after December 31, 2018.

 

This withholding tax generally may be avoided if the financial institution that maintains the account satisfies certain registration, certification and reporting requirements. For more information regarding withholding with respect to foreign accounts, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Foreign Accounts.”

 

Investors should consult with their tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Funds.

 

Financial Highlights

 

The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand each Fund’s financial performance for each fiscal period shown. Please note that the financial highlights information in the following tables represents the financial highlights of each Fund through April 30 for each fiscal period shown below. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in a Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from each Fund’s financial statements for the period ended April 30, 2019, which were audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, whose report, along with the Funds’ financial statements, are included in the Funds’ Annual Report for the period ended April 30, 2019, and which is available upon request by calling the Funds at 1-855-732-9220.

 

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Intentionally Left Blank

 

 

 

 

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

 

 

Financial Highlights, Investor Class

 

For a share outstanding through the years presented

 

Investor Class

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

INCOME FROM OPERATIONS:

Net investment income(a)

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

Total from investment operations

 

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

From net investment income

From net realized gains on investments

Total distributions

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID IN CAPITAL

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

 

TOTAL RETURN(d)

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

Net investment income including reimbursement/waiver

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

 

(a)

Calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 per share.

(c)

In preparing the financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, management made certain adjustments as required by U.S. GAAP which caused the net asset value for purposes of these financial statements to differ from the net asset value used to process shareholder transactions as of the date of these financial statements. As a result, the net asset value increased from $12.50 to $12.51.

(d)

In some periods, total returns would have been lower had certain expenses not been waived during the periods. Returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares.

(e)

Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the total return for shareholder transactions reported to the market may differ from the total return for financial reporting purposes. As a result, the total return decreased from 8.12% to 8.03%.

(f)

Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the total return for shareholder transactions reported to the market may differ from the total return for financial reporting purposes. As a result, the total return increased from 11.13% to 11.22%.

(g)

Effective September 1, 2015, the Adviser agreed to limit expenses to 1.15%. The Adviser agreed to limit expenses to 1.25% for the period September 1, 2014 through August 31, 2015. Prior to September 1, 2014, the Adviser agreed to limit expenses to 1.40%.

 

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Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

 

 

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2016

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2015

 
  $ 13.11     $ 12.51     $ 11.44     $ 12.64     $ 11.58  
                                       
    0.36       0.28       0.22       0.16       0.14  
    (1.02 )     0.72       1.04       (1.23 )     1.26  
    (0.66 )     1.00       1.26       (1.07 )     1.40  
                                       
                                       
    (0.01 )     (0.37 )     (0.19 )     (0.11 )     (0.19 )
    (0.88 )     (0.03 )           (0.02 )     (0.15 )
    (0.89 )     (0.40 )     (0.19 )     (0.13 )     (0.34 )
                0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)
    (1.55 )     0.60       1.07       (1.20 )     1.06  
  $ 11.56     $ 13.11     $ 12.51  (c)   $ 11.44     $ 12.64  
                                       
    (4.36 %)     8.03 %(e)     11.22 %(f)     (8.39 %)     12.55 %
                                       
  $ 233,072     $ 894,241     $ 877,384     $ 613,795     $ 53,543  
                                       
    0.99 %     0.97 %     1.02 %     1.14 %     1.30 %
    0.99 %     0.97 %     1.02 %     1.14 %(g)     1.30 %(g)
    3.02 %     2.12 %     1.88 %     1.50 %     1.19 %
    52 %     23 %     14 %     7 %     28 %

 

Prospectus – August 31, 2019

48

 

 

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

 

 

Financial Highlights, Institutional Class

 

For a share outstanding through the years presented

 

Institutional Class

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

INCOME FROM OPERATIONS:

Net investment income(a)

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

Total from investment operations

 

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

From net investment income

From net realized gains on investments

Total distributions

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID IN CAPITAL

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

 

TOTAL RETURN(c)

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

Net investment income including reimbursement/waiver

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

 

(a)

Calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 per share.

(c)

In some periods, total returns would have been lower had certain expenses not been waived during the periods. Returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares.

(d)

Effective September 1, 2014, the Adviser agreed to limit expenses to 1.05%. Prior to September 1, 2014, the Adviser agreed to limit expenses to 1.25%.

 

49

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Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

 

 

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2016

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2015

 
  $ 13.14     $ 12.54     $ 11.46     $ 12.66     $ 11.59  
                                       
    0.29       0.28       0.21       0.19       0.15  
    (0.93 )     0.73       1.07       (1.26 )     1.28  
    (0.64 )     1.01       1.28       (1.07 )     1.43  
                                       
                                       
    (0.01 )     (0.38 )     (0.20 )     (0.12 )     (0.21 )
    (0.88 )     (0.03 )           (0.02 )     (0.15 )
    (0.89 )     (0.41 )     (0.20 )     (0.14 )     (0.36 )
                0.00  (b)     0.01       0.00  (b)
    (1.53 )     0.60       1.08       (1.20 )     1.07  
  $ 11.61     $ 13.14     $ 12.54     $ 11.46     $ 12.66  
                                       
    (4.17 %)     8.08 %     11.37 %     (8.32 %)     12.76 %
                                       
  $ 1,304,491     $ 2,134,051     $ 1,500,310     $ 605,178     $ 129,714  
                                       
    0.90 %     0.87 %     0.92 %     1.03 %     1.18 %
    0.90 %     0.87 %     0.92 %     1.03 %     1.10 %(d)
    2.45 %     2.09 %     1.82 %     1.72 %     1.30 %
    52 %     23 %     14 %     7 %     28 %

 

Prospectus – August 31, 2019

50

 

 

Seafarer Overseas Value Fund

 

 

Financial Highlights, Investor Class

 

For a share outstanding through the years presented

 

Investor Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

May 31, 2016
(Inception) to
April 30, 2017

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 11.95     $ 11.30     $ 10.00  

INCOME FROM OPERATIONS:

                       

Net investment income(a)

    0.29       0.35       0.12  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (0.51 )     0.72       1.28  

Total from investment operations

    (0.22 )     1.07       1.40  
                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                       

From net investment income

    (0.29 )     (0.42 )     (0.10 )

From net realized gains on investments

    (0.03 )            

Total distributions

    (0.32 )     (0.42 )     (0.10 )

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (0.54 )     0.65       1.30  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 11.41     $ 11.95     $ 11.30  
                         

TOTAL RETURN(b)

    (1.50 %)     9.55 %     14.15 %

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                       

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 327     $ 311     $ 280  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                       

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    1.45 %     1.80 %     3.71 %(c)

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.15 %     1.15 %     1.15 %(c)

Net investment income including reimbursement/waiver

    2.59 %     2.91 %     1.24 %(c)

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE(d)

    3 %     3 %     0 %

 

(a)

Calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Total returns are for the periods indicated and have not been annualized. Total returns would have been lower had certain expenses not been waived during the periods. Returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares.

(c)

Annualized.

(d)

Portfolio turnover rate for a period less than one full year has not been annualized.

 

51

(855) 732-9220 seafarerfunds.com

 

 

 

 

Seafarer Overseas Value Fund

 

 

Financial Highlights, Institutional Class

 

For a share outstanding through the years presented

 

Institutional Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

May 31, 2016
(Inception) to
April 30, 2017

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 11.96     $ 11.28     $ 10.00  

INCOME FROM OPERATIONS:

                       

Net investment income(a)

    0.30       0.35       0.13  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (0.50 )     0.74       1.28  

Total from investment operations

    (0.20 )     1.09       1.41  
                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                       

From net investment income

    (0.30 )     (0.41 )     (0.13 )

From net realized gains on investments

    (0.03 )            

Total distributions

    (0.33 )     (0.41 )     (0.13 )

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (0.53 )     0.68       1.28  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 11.43     $ 11.96     $ 11.28  (b)
                         

TOTAL RETURN(c)

    (1.34 %)     9.74 %(d)     14.18 %(e)

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                       

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 28,849     $ 25,291     $ 9,846  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                       

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    1.48 %     1.76 %     3.63 %(f)

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.05 %     1.05 %     1.05 %(f)

Net investment income including reimbursement/waiver

    2.65 %     2.90 %     1.36 %(f)

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE(g)

    3 %     3 %     0 %

 

(a)

Calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

In preparing the financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, management made certain adjustments as required by U.S. GAAP which caused the net asset value for purposes of these financial statements to differ from the net asset value used to process shareholder transactions as of the date of these financial statements. As a result, the net asset value decreased from $11.29 to $11.28.

(c)

Total returns are for the periods indicated and have not been annualized. Total returns would have been lower had certain expenses not been waived during the periods. Returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares.

(d)

Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the total return for shareholder transactions reported to the market may differ from the total return for financial reporting purposes. As a result, the total return increased from 9.64% to 9.74%.

(e)

Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the total return for shareholder transactions reported to the market may differ from the total return for financial reporting purposes. As a result, the total return decreased from 14.29% to 14.18%.

(f)

Annualized.

(g)

Portfolio turnover rate for a period less than one full year has not been annualized.

 

Prospectus – August 31, 2019

52

 

 

 

 

 

 

Intentionally Left Blank

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Intentionally Left Blank

 

 

 

 

Additional Information About the Funds

 

Shareholder Reports

 

Annual and Semi-annual Reports to shareholders provide additional information about the Funds’ investments. These reports discuss the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance during the annual and semi-annual periods.

 

Statement of Additional Information

 

The Statement of Additional Information provides more detailed information about the Funds. It is incorporated by reference into (is legally a part of) this Prospectus.

 

Householding Relationships

 

The Funds send only one report to a household if more than one account has the same address. Contact the Transfer Agent at 1-855-732-9220 if you do not want this policy to apply to you.

 

How to Obtain Additional Information

 

You can obtain shareholder reports or the Statement of Additional Information (without charge) or request other information about the Funds by contacting the Transfer Agent at 1-855-732-9220, by writing the Funds at Seafarer Funds, P.O. Box 44474, Denver, Colorado 80201, or by calling your financial consultant. This information is also available free of charge on the Funds’ website at seafarerfunds.com.

 

You can obtain copies of the Funds’ shareholder reports, Prospectus, and Statement of Additional Information for a fee by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov. You can obtain the same reports and information free from the EDGAR Database on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

If someone makes a statement about a Fund that is not in this Prospectus, you should not rely upon that information. Neither the Funds nor the Distributor is offering to sell shares of a Fund to any person to whom that Fund may not lawfully sell its shares.

 

P.O. Box 44474
Denver, Colorado 80201
(855) 732-9220
seafarerfunds.com

 

 

Seafarer Funds distributed by ALPS Distributors, Inc.

(Investment Company Act File no. 811-8194)

 

 

 

 

Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Fund’s annual and semi-annual shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Fund’s website at www.dgifund.com, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

 

Beginning on January 1, 2019, you may, notwithstanding the availability of shareholder reports online, elect to receive all future shareholder reports in paper free of charge. If you invest through a financial intermediary, you can contact your financial intermediary to request that you continue to receive paper copies of your shareholder reports. If you invest directly with the Fund, you can call 1.855.DGI.FUND (1-855-344-3863) to let the Fund know you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports.

 

If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Fund electronically anytime by contacting your financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank) or, if you are a direct investor, by enrolling at www.dgifund.com.

 

Disciplined Growth Investors’ goal is to communicate clearly and transparently with our clients and mutual fund shareholders. It is mutually beneficial when our shareholders understand how we invest, what we are currently thinking and forecasting, and the specific investment decisions we have made. Our views and opinions regarding the investment prospects of our portfolio holdings and the Fund are “forward looking statements” which may or may not be accurate over the long term. While we believe we have a reasonable basis for these forecasts and have confidence in our investment team’s views, actual results may differ materially from those we anticipate. Information provided in this report should not be considered a recommendation to purchase or sell any particular security.

 

 

 

Table of Contents

 

 

Prospectus

 

 

   

FUND SUMMARY

1

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

7

MORE ON THE FUND’S INVESTMENTS AND RELATED RISKS

8

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

14

MANAGEMENT

14

THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

14

ADMINISTRATOR, DISTRIBUTOR AND TRANSFER AGENT OF THE FUND

15

BUYING AND REDEEMING SHARES

15

SHARE TRANSACTIONS

18

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

21

TAXES

22

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

26

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND

Back Cover

 

 

 

AUGUST 31, 2019

DGINV.COM

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE DISCIPLINED GROWTH INVESTORS FUND (THE “FUND”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The Fund seeks long-term capital growth, and as a secondary objective, modest income with reasonable risk.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees

0.78%

Other Expenses

0.00%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

0.78%

 

Example

This example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.

 

The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

 

Although your actual
costs may be higher
or lower, based on
these assumptions
your costs would be:

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

 

$ 80

$ 249

$ 433

$ 965

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may also result in higher taxes for a shareholder of the Fund when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. During the Fund’s most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 22% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUND

The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing, under normal conditions, approximately 65% of its assets in equity securities and approximately 35% in fixed-income securities and cash equivalents. The allocation to equity and fixed-income securities may vary widely from time to time, as market conditions warrant. The Fund may invest in both investment-grade and below investment-grade securities. The Fund’s fixed-income securities will generally have a weighted average maturity of five to 10 years, although Disciplined Growth Investors, Inc. (“DGI” or the “Adviser”) may cause

 

Prospectus | August 31, 2019

1

 

 

The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

 

 

the Fund to invest in fixed-income securities with a weighted average maturity greater than 10 years or less than five years, depending on market conditions. If the Adviser cannot find qualifying investments, the Fund may hold cash and short-term instruments. The Adviser seeks to invest primarily in U.S. companies but may invest in foreign companies from time to time.

 

With respect to the equity portion of the portfolio, the Adviser seeks to generally invest in mid-sized companies, which the Adviser regards as those with market capitalizations at the time of purchase greater than $1 billion and less than $10 billion. The Adviser employs a “bottom-up” approach to building a portfolio. The Adviser’s goal is to find stocks that it believes meet its criteria of sustainable competitive advantage relative to industry peers, long-term superior return on capital coupled with the financial ability to meet reasonable growth objectives.

 

Fixed-income securities generally include corporate debt securities, U.S. Government obligations, mortgage-backed securities and other mortgage-related products and short-term securities.

 

With respect to the fixed-income portion of the portfolio, the Adviser seeks to identify fundamental growth opportunities in specific fixed-income securities that offer relative value within the fixed- income markets. The Adviser’s decision making approach has both “top-down” (including duration/ maturity positioning, yield curve risk and sector/quality risk) and “bottom-up” (including credit research, quantitative analysis and trading) components. The Adviser’s sell discipline is managed through a combination of inputs from its maturity, sector and individual selection decisions.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

The following is a description of the principal risks of the Fund’s portfolio that may adversely affect its net asset value and total return. There are other circumstances (including additional risks that are not described here) which could prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. It is important to read all of the disclosure information provided and to understand that you may lose money by investing in the Fund.

 

 

Managed Portfolio Risk – When choosing an actively managed mutual fund, it is generally important for investors to evaluate the investment adviser managing the fund. With respect to the Fund, performance of individual securities held by the Fund can vary widely. The investment decisions of the Fund’s Adviser may cause the Fund to underperform other investments or benchmark indices. The Fund may also underperform other mutual funds with similar investment strategies. The Fund’s Adviser may not buy chosen securities at the lowest possible price or sell securities at the highest possible prices. As with any mutual fund investment, there can be no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment goals.

 

 

Stock Market Risk – Equity prices fluctuate and may decline in response to developments at individual companies or general economic conditions. If the value of Fund’s investments goes down and you redeem your shares, you could lose money. While the ability to hold shares through periods of volatility may protect long-term investments from permanent loss, Fund investments might not be profitable either because the market fails to recognize the value or because the Adviser misjudged the value of the investment.

 

 

Mid-Capitalization Risk – The Fund may invest significantly in mid-capitalization stocks, which are often more volatile and less liquid than investments in larger companies. The frequency and volume of trading in securities of mid-size companies may be substantially less than is typical of larger companies. Therefore, the securities of mid-size companies may

 

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1-855-DGI-FUND (344-3863) | www.DGIFund.com

 

 

 

 

be subject to greater and more abrupt price fluctuations. In addition, mid-size companies may lack the management experience, financial resources and product diversification of larger companies, making them more susceptible to market pressures and business failure.

 

 

Growth Stock Risk – Securities of companies perceived to be “growth” companies may be more volatile than other stocks and may involve special risks. The price of a “growth” security may be impacted if the company does not realize its anticipated potential or if there is a shift in the market to favor other types of securities.

 

 

Industry Risk – The Fund may invest in companies related in such a way that they react similarly to certain market pressures. As a result, the Fund’s returns may be considerably more volatile than returns of a fund that does not invest in similarly related companies.

 

 

Non-U.S. Securities Risk – Non-U.S. securities are subject to the risks of foreign currency fluctuation, generally higher volatility and lower liquidity than U.S. securities, less developed securities markets and economic systems and political and economic instability.

 

 

Currency Risk – Fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and non-U.S. currencies may cause the value of the Fund’s non-U.S. investments to decline in terms of U.S. dollars. Additionally, certain of a Fund’s foreign currency transactions may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency. Funds that may invest in securities denominated in, or which receive revenues in, non-U.S. currencies are subject to this risk.

 

 

Fixed-Income Securities Risk – The Fund may hold debt and other fixed-income securities to generate income. Typically, the values of fixed-income securities will change inversely with prevailing interest rates. Therefore, a fundamental risk of fixed-income securities is interest rate risk, which is the risk that their value will generally decline as prevailing interest rates rise, which may cause the Fund’s net asset value to likewise decrease, and vice versa. How specific fixed-income securities may react to changes in interest rates will depend on the specific characteristics of each security. Fixed income securities are also subject to credit risk, prepayment risk, valuation risk and liquidity risk.

 

 

High-Yield/High-Risk Bond Risk – The Fund may invest without limit in higher-yielding/higher- risk bonds, also known as “junk” bonds. High-yield/high-risk bonds may be more sensitive than other types of bonds to economic changes, political changes or adverse developments specific to the company that issued the bond, which may adversely affect their value.

 

 

Allocation Risk – The asset classes in which the Fund seeks investment exposure can perform differently from each other at any given time (as well as over the long term), so the Fund will be affected by its allocation among equity and fixed-income securities. If the Fund favors exposure to an asset class during a period when that class underperforms, performance may be hurt. During periods of rapidly rising equity prices, the Fund might not achieve growth in its share prices to the same degree as funds focusing only on stocks. The Fund’s investments in stocks may make it more difficult to preserve principal during periods of stock market volatility.

 

 

Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) and asset-backed securities (“ABS”) are subject to certain risks. The default rate on underlying mortgage loans or asset loans may be higher than anticipated, potentially reducing payments to the Fund. Default rates are sensitive to overall economic conditions such as unemployment,

 

Prospectus | August 31, 2019

3

 

 

The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

 

 

wage levels and economic growth rates. MBS are susceptible to maturity risk because issuers of securities held by the Fund are able to prepay principal due on these securities, particularly during periods of declining interest rates. Securities subject to prepayment risk generally offer less potential for gains when interest rates decline, and may offer a greater potential for loss when interest rates rise. When interest rates decline, borrowers may pay off their mortgages sooner than expected. This can reduce the returns to the Fund because the Fund may have to reinvest that money at the lower prevailing interest rates. Prepayment risk as well as the risk that the structure of certain MBS may make their reaction to interest rates and other factors difficult to predict, making their prices volatile. Generally, rising interest rates tend to be associated with longer MBS maturities because borrower prepayment rates tend to decline when rates rise.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. The bar chart figures do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay when they buy or sell shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to broad-based securities market indices. The indices are not actively managed and are not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.dgifund.com.

 

Annual Total Returns (years ended 12/31)

 

Best Quarter – March 31, 2012

12.64%

Worst Quarter – December 31, 2018

-12.71%

 

The Fund’s year-to-date return as of June 30, 2019 was 15.22%.

 

4

1-855-DGI-FUND (344-3863) | www.DGIFund.com

 

 

 

 

Average Annual Total Returns

(for the period ended December 31, 2018)

1 Year

5 Years

Since Inception
(August 12, 2011)

Return Before Taxes

-2.36%

6.16%

10.50%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-3.23%

5.52%

9.98%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and
Sale of Fund Shares

-0.83%

4.78%

8.49%

S&P 500 Index (reflects no deduction for fees,
expenses or taxes)

-4.38%

8.49%

13.12%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historically highest individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. The after-tax return information shown above does not apply to Fund shares held through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

The Fund’s investment adviser is Disciplined Growth Investors, Inc. (“DGI”).

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGER(S)

The following individuals are jointly responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio:

 

 

Fred Martin, CFA, President and Chief Investment Officer of DGI. Fund manager since inception in August 2011. Fred has been with DGI since its inception in 1997.

 

Scott Link, CFA, Portfolio Manager with DGI. Fund manager since inception in August 2011. Scott has been with DGI since 1997.

 

Rob Nicoski, CFA, Portfolio Manager with DGI. Fund manager since inception in August 2011. Rob has been with DGI since 2003.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

The initial investment minimum for the Fund is either:

 

$10,000, no minimum for subsequent purchases

 

OR

 

$100 if an automatic monthly investment is established with monthly contributions of at least $100 until the account balance reaches $10,000, and the shareholder agrees to e-delivery of account statements and transaction confirmations.

 

In the event that the aforementioned monthly contributions lapse prior to the account balance reaching $10,000, the Fund reserves the right to liquidate the account and return proceeds to the shareholder, provided that the Fund also may, upon satisfactory demonstration of hardship, make exceptions to the liquidation policy in the event of a lapse in monthly contributions.

 

Prospectus | August 31, 2019

5

 

 

The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

 

 

Shares of the Fund may be purchased or redeemed on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading.

 

via US Postal Service:

via Overnight/Express Mail:

The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

P.O. Box 275

1290 Broadway, Suite 1000

Denver, CO 80201-1236

Denver, CO 80203

 

 

Telephone requests: 855-DGI-FUND (3863)

 

 

Please call an investor services representative at 1-855-DGI-FUND (3863) to obtain the fax number and wiring instructions.

 

The Fund does not consider the US Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be its agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services, or receipt at the DGI Fund’s post office box, of purchase orders or redemption requests does not constitute receipt by the Fund.

 

TAX INFORMATION

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from such a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Adviser, and not the Fund, may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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THE DISCIPLINED GROWTH INVESTORS FUND (THE “FUND”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

 

This section describes the Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies. See “More on the Fund’s Investments and Related Risks” in this Prospectus and the Statement of Additional Information for more information about the Fund’s investments and the risks of investing.

 

What is the Fund’s Investment Objective?

The Fund seeks long-term capital growth, and as a secondary objective, modest income with reasonable risk. While there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in this Prospectus.

 

The Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change this objective or the Fund’s principal investment strategies without a shareholder vote. The Fund will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to the Fund’s objective or principal investment strategies, you should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

What are the Fund’s Principal Investment Strategies?

The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing, under normal conditions, approximately 65% of its assets in equity securities and approximately 35% in fixed-income securities and cash equivalents. The allocation to equity and fixed-income securities may vary widely from time to time, as market conditions warrant. The Fund may invest in both investment-grade and below investment-grade securities. The Fund’s fixed-income securities will generally have a weighted average maturity of five to 10 years, although Disciplined Growth Investors, Inc. (“DGI” or the “Adviser”) may cause the Fund to invest in fixed-income securities with a weighted average maturity greater than 10 years or less than five years, depending on market conditions. If the Adviser cannot find qualifying investments, the Fund may hold cash and short-term securities. The Adviser seeks to invest primarily in U.S. companies but may invest in foreign companies from time to time.

 

With respect to the equity portion of the portfolio, the Adviser seeks to generally invest in mid-sized companies, which the Adviser regards as those with market capitalizations at the time of purchase greater than $1 billion and less than $10 billion. The Adviser employs a “bottom-up” approach to building a portfolio. The Adviser’s goal is to find stocks that it believes meet its criteria of sustainable competitive advantage relative to industry peers, long-term superior return on capital coupled with the financial ability to meet reasonable growth objectives. The Adviser will sell a stock through a process of allocating capital to the highest expected returns or if individual security risks become unexpectedly high.

 

Fixed-income securities generally include corporate debt securities, U.S. Government obligations, mortgage-backed securities and other mortgage-related products and short-term securities. With respect to the fixed-income portion of the portfolio, the Adviser seeks to identify fundamental growth opportunities in specific fixed-income securities that offer relative value within the fixed- income markets. The Adviser’s decision making approach has both “top-down”, (including duration/ maturity positioning, yield curve risk and sector/quality risk) and “bottom-up” (including credit research, quantitative analysis and trading) components. The Adviser’s sell discipline is managed through a combination of inputs from its maturity, sector and individual selection decisions.

 

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The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

 

 

MORE ON THE FUND’S INVESTMENTS AND RELATED RISKS

 

The Fund’s investment objective and its principal investment strategies and risks are described under “Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies.” This section provides additional information about the Fund’s investment strategies and portfolio management techniques the Fund may use, as well as the other risks that may affect the Fund’s portfolio. Additional information about some of these investments and portfolio management techniques and their associated risks is included in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information, which is available without charge upon request (see back cover).

 

What are the Principal Securities in which the Fund Invests?

Equity Securities

Equity securities are securities which signify ownership interest in a corporation and represent a claim on part of the corporation’s assets and earnings. Equity securities may include common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities, equity interests in non-U.S. investments or trusts, depositary receipts, equity interests in publicly traded limited partnerships/units and other equity investments. The Fund may invest in equity or equity-related securities and equipment lease certificates, equipment trust certificates and conditional sales contracts or limited partnership interests.

 

Mid-Sized Company Securities

Mid-sized company securities involve greater risk and price volatility than larger, more established companies because they tend to have more limited product lines, markets and financial resources, such as access to capital, and may be dependent on a smaller and more inexperienced management group. In addition, mid-sized company securities may trade less frequently than securities of larger companies, making the prices of these securities subject to greater volatility.

 

Mid-sized company securities may appreciate faster than those of larger, more established companies for many reasons. For example, mid-sized companies tend to have younger product lines whose distribution and revenues are still maturing.

 

Corporate Debt Securities

The Fund may invest in both investment-grade and below investment-grade corporate debt securities with weighted average maturity of five to 10 years, although the Adviser may cause the Fund to invest in corporate debt securities with a weighted average maturity greater than 10 years or less than five years, depending on market conditions. Corporate debt securities are taxable debt obligations issued by corporations, are subject to the risk of the issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payments on the obligations and may also be subject to price volatility due to factors such as market interest rates, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity. The market value of a debt security generally reacts inversely to interest rate changes. When prevailing interest rates decline, the price of the debt obligation usually rises, and when prevailing interest rates rise, the price usually declines.

 

U.S. Government Securities

The Fund may invest in U.S. Government securities with weighted average maturity of five to 10 years, although the Adviser may cause the Fund to invest in U.S. Government securities with a weighted average maturity greater than 10 years or less than five years, depending on market conditions. U.S. Government securities include those issued directly by the U.S. Treasury and those issued or guaranteed by various U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities. Some government securities are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the United States. Other government securities

 

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are backed only by the rights of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. Others are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the obligations. Certain other government securities are supported only by the credit of the issuer. For securities not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, the Fund must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the securities for repayment and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States if the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment. Although they are high-quality, such securities may involve increased risk of loss of principal and interest compared to government debt securities that are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States.

 

Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities

The Fund may purchase fixed or variable rate mortgage-backed securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) or other governmental or government-related entities. Historically, Fannie Maes and Freddie Macs were not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, and may not be in the future. The Fund may purchase other mortgage- and asset-backed securities through single- and multi-seller conduits, collateralized debt obligations, structured investment vehicles and other similar securities. Asset-backed securities may be backed by automobile loans, equipment leases, credit card receivables or other collateral. In the event the underlying securities fail to perform, these investment vehicles could be forced to sell the assets and recognize losses on such assets, which could impact the Fund’s yield and your return.

 

Unlike traditional debt instruments, payments on these securities include both interest and a partial payment of principal. Prepayments of the principal of the underlying loans at a faster pace than expected is known as “prepayment risk,” and may shorten the effective maturities of these securities. This may result in the Fund having to reinvest proceeds at a lower interest rate.

 

In addition to prepayment risk, investments in mortgage-backed securities, including those comprised of subprime mortgages, and investments in other asset-backed securities comprised of under- performing assets may be subject to a higher degree of credit risk, valuation risk and liquidity risk.

 

Mortgage- and asset- backed securities are also subject to extension risk, which is the risk that rising interest rates could cause mortgages or other obligations underlying these securities to be paid more slowly than expected, increasing the Fund’s sensitivity to interest rate changes and causing its price to decline.

 

What are the Non-Principal Strategies of the Fund?

Unless otherwise stated within its specific investment policies, the Fund may also invest in other types of domestic and foreign securities and use other investment strategies. These securities and strategies are not principal investment strategies of the Fund. If successful, they may benefit the Fund by earning a return on the Fund’s assets or reducing risk; however, they may not achieve the Fund’s objective. These securities and strategies may include:

 

 

indexed/structured securities; and

 

securities purchased on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis.

 

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The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

 

 

Temporary Defensive Positions/ Cash Positions

The Fund may depart from its principal investment strategies in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions by taking temporary defensive positions in short-term debt securities or cash and cash equivalents. For example, when the Adviser believes that market conditions are unfavorable for profitable investing, or when the Adviser is otherwise unable to locate attractive investment opportunities, the Fund’s cash or similar investments may increase. When the Fund’s investments in cash or similar investments increase, it may not participate in market advance or declines to the same extent that it would if the Fund remained more fully invested. Under such circumstances, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

 

Illiquid Investments

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. An illiquid investment is a security or other position that cannot be disposed of quickly in the normal course of business (within seven days). For example, some securities are not registered under U.S. securities laws and cannot be sold to the U.S. public because of SEC regulations (these are known as “restricted securities”). Under procedures adopted by the Fund’s Board of Trustees, certain restricted securities may be deemed liquid and will not be counted toward this 15% limit.

 

In October 2016, the SEC adopted a liquidity risk management rule, Rule 22e-4 (the “Liquidity Rule”). The Liquidity Rule requires open-end Funds to establish a liquidity risk management program and enhance disclosures regarding liquidity. As required by the Liquidity Rule, the Fund has implemented a Liquidity Program, and the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, has appointed a Liquidity Risk Management Committee (the “LRM Committee”) as the liquidity risk program administrator of the Liquidity Program. Under the Liquidity Program, the LRM Committee assesses, manages, and periodically reviews each Fund’s liquidity risk and classifies each investment held by each Fund as a “highly liquid investment,” “moderately liquid investment,” “less liquid investment” or “illiquid investment.” The Liquidity Rule defines “liquidity risk” as the risk that a Fund could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by the Fund without significant dilution of the remaining investors’ interest in the Fund. The liquidity of a Fund’s portfolio investments is determined based on relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations under the Liquidity Program. The impact the Liquidity Rule will have on the Funds is not yet fully known, but the Liquidity Rule could impact the Funds’ performance and their ability to achieve their investment objectives.

 

Investment Limitations

Except with respect to the illiquid investment restrictions set forth above, all limitations on Fund investments listed in this Prospectus will apply at the time of investment. A Fund would not violate these limitations unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of an investment. Unless otherwise indicated, references to assets in the percentage limitations on the Fund’s investments refer to total assets.

 

What are the Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund?

Managed Portfolio Risk

When choosing an actively managed mutual fund, it is generally important for investors to evaluate the investment adviser managing the fund. With respect to the Fund, performance of individual securities held by the Fund can vary widely. The investment decisions of the Fund’s Adviser may cause the Fund to underperform other investments or benchmark indices. The Fund may also underperform other mutual funds with similar investment strategies. The Fund’s Adviser may not

 

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buy chosen securities at the lowest possible price or sell securities at the highest possible prices. As with any mutual fund investment, there can be no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment goals.

 

Stock Market Risk

Equity prices fluctuate and may decline in response to developments at individual companies or general economic conditions. If the value of investment goes down and you redeem your shares, you could lose money. While the ability to hold shares through periods of volatility may protect long-term investments from permanent loss, investments might not be profitable either because the market fails to recognize the value or because we misjudged it.

 

Mid-Capitalization Risk

The Fund may invest significantly in mid-capitalization stocks, which are often more volatile and less liquid in larger companies. The frequency and volume of trading in securities of mid-size companies may be substantially less than is typical of larger companies. Therefore, the securities of mid-size companies may be subject to greater and more abrupt price fluctuations. In addition, mid-size companies may lack the management experience, financial resources and product diversification of larger companies, making them more susceptible to market pressures and business failure.

 

Growth Stock Risk

Securities of companies perceived to be “growth” companies may be more volatile than other stocks and may involve special risks. The price of a “growth” security may be materially adversely affected if the company does not realize its anticipated potential or if there is a shift in the market to favor other types of securities.

 

Industry Risk

Industry risk is the possibility that a group of related securities will decline in price due to industry- specific developments. Companies in the same or similar industries may share common characteristics and are more likely to react similarly to industry-specific market or economic developments. The Fund’s investments, if any, in multiple companies in particular industry increase the Fund’s exposure to industry risk.

 

Non U.S. Securities Risk

Investments in non-U.S. securities may experience additional risks compared to investments in securities of U.S. companies. The securities markets of many non-U.S. countries are relatively small, with a limited number of issuers and securities. Furthermore, non-U.S. taxes also could detract from performance. Companies based in non-U.S. countries may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices as stringent as those in the United States. Therefore, their financial reports may present an incomplete, untimely or misleading picture of a non-U.S. company, as compared to the financial reports of U.S. companies. Nationalization, expropriations or confiscatory taxation, currency blockage, political changes or diplomatic developments can cause the value of the Fund’s investments in a non-U.S. country to decline. In the event of a nationalization, expropriation or other confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in the country.

 

Currency Risk

Fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and non-U.S. currencies may cause the value of the Fund’s non-U.S. investments to decline in terms of U.S. dollars. Additionally, certain of a Fund’s foreign currency transactions may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or

 

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The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

 

 

loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency. Funds that may invest in securities denominated in, or which receive revenues in, non-U.S. currencies are subject to this risk. See “Taxes” below for more information.

 

Fixed-Income Securities Risk

The Fund may hold debt and other fixed-income securities to generate income. Typically, the values of fixed-income securities change inversely with prevailing interest rates. Therefore, a fundamental risk of fixed-income securities is interest rate risk, which is the risk that their value will generally decline as prevailing interest rates rise, which may cause the Fund’s net asset value to likewise decrease, and vice versa. How specific fixed-income securities may react to changes in interest rates will depend on the specific characteristics of each security. Fixed-income securities are also subject to credit risk, prepayment risk, valuation risk and liquidity risk. Credit risk is risk that the fixed-income issuer fails to timely pay interest or principal when due. Prepayment risk is risk that when interest rates fall, borrowers refinance and pay off outstanding fixed-income securities forcing holders of fixed-income securities to replace such securities at a lower interest rate. Liquidity and valuation risks are risks that the Fund may not be able to sell a fixed-income security due to little or no trading volume, absence of market makers or legal restrictions limiting the Fund’s ability to sell a security at the time of the Fund’s choosing.

 

High-Yield/High-Risk Bond Risk

High-yield/high-risk bonds, or “junk” bonds, are bonds rated below investment-grade by the primary rating agencies, such as Standard & Poor’s, Fitch and Moody’s, or are unrated bonds of similar quality. The value of lower quality bonds generally is more dependent on credit risk than investment-grade bonds. Issuers of high-yield/high-risk bonds may not be as strong financially as those issuing bonds with higher credit ratings and are more vulnerable to real or perceived economic changes, political changes or adverse developments specific to the issuer. In addition, the junk bond market can experience sudden and sharp price swings. Further, secondary markets for high-yield securities are less liquid than the market for investment-grade securities. Therefore, it may be more difficult to value the securities because valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a larger role in the valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available.

 

Allocation Risk

The asset classes in which the Fund seeks investment exposure can perform differently from each other at any given time (as well as over the long term), so the Fund will be affected by its allocation among equity and fixed-income securities. If the Fund favors exposure to an asset class during a period when that class underperforms, performance may be hurt. Because the Fund’s portfolio will be balanced and normally consist of 60% equities and 40% fixed-income, during periods of rapidly rising equity prices, the Fund might not achieve growth in its share price to the same degree as funds focusing only on stocks. Likewise, compared to a portfolio focused solely on fixed-income securities, the Fund’s investments in stocks may make it more difficult to preserve principal during periods of stock market volatility when it might be more favorable to be invested more heavily in fixed-income securities. There have been times of extreme capital market disturbance when fixed-income and equity securities have lost value.

 

What are certain Non-Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund?

The following sections describe certain non-principal risks of investing in the Fund. The Fund may be subject to other non-principal risks which are described in greater detail in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information.

 

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Repurchase Agreements and Risks

The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements, which are purchases by the Fund of a security that a seller has agreed to buy back, usually within one to seven days, as a non-principal strategy. The seller’s promise to repurchase the security is fully collateralized by securities equal in value to 102% of the purchase price, including accrued interest. If the seller defaults and the collateral value declines, the Fund may incur a loss. If the seller declares bankruptcy, the Fund may not be able to sell the collateral at the desired time. The Fund enters into these agreements only with brokers, dealers or banks that meet credit quality standards established by the Adviser.

 

Temporary Investments and Risks

The Fund may, from time to time, invest all of its assets in short-term instruments when the Adviser determines that adverse market, economic, political or other conditions call for a temporary defensive posture. Such a defensive position may result in the Fund failing to achieve its investment objective.

 

Portfolio Turnover

The portfolio turnover rate for the Fund may vary greatly from year to year and may exceed 100% in any given year, which may involve additional expenses to the Fund, including portfolio transaction costs. Higher portfolio turnover rates generally increase transaction costs, which are Fund expenses, and may increase your tax liability if the transactions result in capital gains.

 

Cybersecurity Risk

In connection with the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, the Fund may be susceptible to operational, information security and related risks due to the possibility of cyber-attacks or other incidents. Cyber incidents may result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, infection by computer viruses or other malicious software code, gaining unauthorized access to systems, networks or devices that are used to service the Fund’s operations through hacking or other means for the purpose of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks (which can make a website unavailable) on the Fund’s website. In addition, authorized persons could inadvertently or intentionally release confidential or proprietary information stored on the Fund’s systems.

 

Cybersecurity failures or breaches by the Fund’s third-party service providers (including, but not limited to, the adviser, distributor, custodian, transfer agent and financial intermediaries) may cause disruptions and impact the service providers’ and the Fund’s business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business and the mutual funds to process transactions, inability to calculate the Fund’s net asset value, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs and/or additional compliance costs. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of successful cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, the Fund or its third-party service providers.

 

The Fund may incur substantial costs to prevent or address cyber incidents in the future. In addition, there is a possibility that certain risks have not been adequately identified or prepared for. Furthermore, the Fund cannot directly control any cyber security plans and systems put in place by third party service providers. Cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund’s investment in such securities to lose value.

 

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The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

 

 

The shares offered by this Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

The Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio securities are described in the Fund’s SAI.

 

MANAGEMENT

 

Disciplined Growth Investors, Inc. (the “Adviser”), subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees, is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Fund’s business affairs. The Adviser began managing domestic equity and balanced portfolios in February 1997 and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment adviser. The Adviser’s principal address is Fifth Street Towers, Suite 2550, 150 South Fifth Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402.

 

Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Fund pays the Adviser a unitary fee for the services and facilities it provides at the annual rate of 0.78% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The management fee is paid on a monthly basis. The current term of the Advisory Agreement is one year. The Board may extend the advisory agreement for additional one-year terms. The Board of Trustees, shareholders of the Fund or the Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ notice.

 

Out of the unitary management fee, the Adviser pays substantially all expenses of the Fund, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services, except for interest expenses, distribution fees or expenses, brokerage expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business.

 

The Investment Adviser’s unitary management fee is designed to pay substantially all the Fund’s expenses and to compensate the Investment Adviser for providing services for the Fund. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the Fund’s Advisory Agreement was provided in the Fund’s annual report to shareholders for the period ended April 30, 2019.

 

During the most recent fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, the Fund paid the following annual advisory fee as a percentage of daily net assets (net of waivers) to the Fund’s investment advisor. Daily investment decisions are made by the portfolio managers, whose investment experience is described below under the heading “Portfolio Managers.”

 

Fund Name

Total Annual
Advisory Fee
(As A Percentage Of
Daily Net Assets)

Annual Advisory Fee
To Investment Adviser
(As A Percentage Of
Daily Net Assets)

Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

0.78%

0.78%

 

THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

The portfolio managers are jointly responsible for the day-to-day operation of the Fund. Each of the persons listed below has served as the Fund’s portfolio manager since the Fund’s inception in August 2011. The Fund’s portfolio managers collectively arrive at investment decisions.

 

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More information about each manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by each manager and each manager’s ownership of securities in the Fund is included in the SAI.

 

Portfolio Managers

Past 5 Years’ Business Experience

Fred Martin, CFA

President and Chief Investment Officer of DGI. Fred co-founded the firm in 1997. Fund manager since inception in August 2011.

Scott Link, CFA

Portfolio Manager with DGI. Scott has been with DGI since 1997. Fund manager since inception in August 2011.

Rob Nicoski, CFA

Portfolio Manager with DGI. Rob has been with DGI since 2003. Fund manager since inception in August 2011.

 

ADMINISTRATOR, DISTRIBUTOR AND TRANSFER AGENT OF THE FUND

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”) serves as the Fund’s administrator, fund accounting agent and transfer agent. ALPS Distributors, Inc. (the “Distributor”) serves as the Fund’s distributor.

 

BUYING AND REDEEMING SHARES

 

The Fund currently offers one class of shares.

 

The Fund’s shares are generally offered through certain types of financial intermediaries, certain institutional investors and directly from the Fund. The Fund’s shares are offered through financial intermediaries (including, but not limited to, broker-dealers, retirement plans, bank trust departments, and financial advisers) who do not require payment from the Fund or its service providers for the provision of distribution, administrative or shareholder retention services, except for networking and/or omnibus account fees. Institutional investors may include, but are not limited to, corporations, retirement plans, public plans, foundations/endowments and individual investors.

 

Investment Minimums

The initial investment minimum for the Fund is either:

 

$10,000, no minimum for subsequent purchases

 

OR

 

$100 if an automatic monthly investment is established with monthly contributions of at least $100 until the account balance reaches $10,000, and the shareholder agrees to e-delivery of account statements and transaction confirmations.

 

In the event that the aforementioned monthly contributions lapse prior to the account balance reaching $10,000, the Fund reserves the right to liquidate the account and return proceeds to the shareholder, provided that the Fund also may, upon satisfactory demonstration of hardship, make exceptions to the liquidation policy in the event of a lapse in monthly contributions.

 

Investors generally may meet the minimum investment amount by aggregating multiple accounts within the Fund. There is no subsequent investment minimum.

 

The Fund reserves the right to waive or change investment minimums.

 

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The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

 

 

Purchases and redemptions may be made on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading. You may purchase and sell shares directly with the Fund through the Fund’s website at dgifund.com, by telephone at 855-DGI-FUND (3863) or by mail.

 

via US Postal Service:

via Overnight/Express Mail:

The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

P.O. Box 275

1290 Broadway, Suite 1000

Denver, CO 80201-1236

Denver, CO 80203

 

Please call an investor services representative at 1-855-DGI-FUND (3863) to obtain the fax number and wiring instructions.

 

The Fund does not consider the US Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be its agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services, or receipt at the DGI Fund’s post office box, of purchase orders or redemption requests does not constitute receipt by the Fund.

 

An annual IRA and Coverdell Education Savings Account maintenance fee of $10.00 for accounts held directly with the Fund is charged by the custodian on an annual basis.

 

Buying Shares

In order to buy or redeem shares at that day’s price, you must place your order with the Fund or its agent before the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) closes (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time). If the NYSE closes early, you must place your order prior to the actual closing time. Orders received by financial intermediaries, such as retirement plans, prior to the close of trading on the NYSE will be confirmed at the offering price computed as of the close of the trading on the NYSE. It is the responsibility of the financial intermediary to ensure that all orders are transmitted in good order and in a timely manner to the Fund. Otherwise, you will receive the next business day’s price.

 

Generally, shares may be purchased, exchanged or redeemed through retirement plans or directly from the Fund. Retirement plans may assess fees and expenses for purchases, exchanges or redemptions that are not described in this Prospectus. If applicable, please contact your retirement plan or refer to the appropriate plan disclosure documents for a complete description of such fees and expenses, if any, or for instructions on how to purchase, exchange or redeem shares.

 

With certain limited exceptions, the Fund is available only to U.S. citizens or residents. The Fund reserves the right to close the Fund to purchases from both new and/or existing investors.

 

The Fund will generally accept purchases only in U.S. dollars drawn from U.S. financial institutions. Third party checks, money orders, credit card convenience checks, cash or equivalents or payments in foreign currencies are not acceptable forms of payment.

 

Networking, Sub-Accounting and Administrative Fees

Select financial intermediaries may enter into arrangements with the Fund, or its designees, to perform certain networking, recordkeeping, sub-accounting and/or administrative services for shareholders of the Fund. These actives are routinely processed through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s Fund/SERV and Trust Networking systems or similar systems. In consideration for providing these services in an automated environment, such financial intermediaries may

 

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receive compensation from the Fund. Any such compensation by the Fund to these select financial intermediaries for the aforementioned services are in addition to any distribution related services, if any, provided to applicable Fund shareholders.

 

Payments to Select Financial Intermediaries and Other Arrangements

The Adviser and/or its affiliates may enter into arrangements to make payments for additional activities to select financial intermediaries intended to result in the sale of Fund shares and/or other shareholder servicing activities out of the Adviser’s own resources (which may include profits from providing advisory services to the Fund). These payments are often referred to as “revenue sharing payments” and the revenue sharing payment amount generally vary by financial intermediary. The aggregate amount of the revenue sharing payments are determined by the Adviser and may be substantial. Revenue sharing payments create no additional cost to each Fund or its applicable shareholders.

 

Revenue sharing payments may create an incentive for a financial intermediary or its employees or associated persons to recommend or sell shares of the Fund to you, rather than shares of another mutual fund. Please contact your financial intermediary’s investment professional for details about revenue sharing payments it may be receiving.

 

Redeeming Shares

The Fund will redeem all full and fractional shares of the Fund upon request on any business day at the applicable net asset value determined after the receipt of proper redemption instructions, less any applicable redemption fees. Shareholders liquidating their holdings will receive upon redemption all dividends reinvested through the date of redemption. If notice of redemption is received on any business day, the redemption will be effective on the date of receipt. If the notice is received on a day that is not a business day or after the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE, the redemption notice will be deemed received as of the next business day. Payment will ordinarily be made on the next business day, but, in any case, within no more than seven business days from the date of receipt. The value of shares at the time of redemption may be more or less than the shareholder’s cost.

 

It is anticipated that a Fund will meet redemption requests through the sale of portfolio assets or from its holdings in cash or cash equivalents. A Fund may use the proceeds from the sale of portfolio assets to meet redemption requests if consistent with the management of the Fund. These redemption methods will be used regularly and may also be used in stressed or abnormal market conditions, including circumstances adversely affecting the liquidity of a Fund’s investments, in which case a Fund may be more likely to be forced to sell its holdings to meet redemptions than under normal market conditions. Each Fund reserves the right to redeem in kind. Redemptions in-kind typically are used to meet redemption requests that represent a significant percentage of a Fund’s net assets in order to limit the impact of a large redemption on the Fund and its remaining shareholders. Redemptions in kind may be used in normal as well as in stressed market conditions. A Fund may also borrow, or draw on lines of credit that may be available to the Fund individually or to the Trust, in order to meet redemption requests during stressed market conditions. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund is limited as to the amount that it may borrow and accordingly, borrowings (including those made under a line of credit) might be insufficient to meet redemption requests.

 

Redemptions, like purchases may generally be effected directly from the Fund or through certain retirement plans through which you purchased your Fund shares. Please contact your retirement plan or refer to the appropriate plan disclosure documents for details. Your plan may assess fees or expenses in connection with the redemption of shares.

 

Prospectus | August 31, 2019

17

 

 

The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

 

 

Redemption Payments

In all cases, your redemption price is the net asset value per share next determined after your request is received in good order less any applicable redemption fees. Redemption proceeds normally will be sent within seven days. However, if you recently purchased your shares by check, your redemption proceeds will not be sent to you until your original check clears, which may take up to 10 days. Your redemption proceeds can be sent by check to your address of record or by wire transfer to a bank account designated on your application. Your bank may charge you a fee for wire transfers. Any request that your redemption proceeds be sent to a destination other than your bank account or address of record must be in writing and must include a signature guarantee.

 

The Fund is not responsible for losses or fees resulting from posting delays or non-receipt of redemption payments at your bank when shareholder payment instructions are followed.

 

Redemptions In-Kind

The Fund reserves the right to make payment in securities rather than cash. If the Fund deems it in the best interests of all shareholders and determines that the redeeming shareholder will not be favored over remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay redemption proceeds to the redeeming shareholder in whole or in part with securities held by the Fund. A redemption in-kind could occur under extraordinary circumstances, such as a very large redemption that could affect the Fund’s operations. Securities used to redeem Fund shares will be valued as described in “SHARE TRANSACTIONS - How Fund Shares are Priced” below. A shareholder may pay brokerage charges on the sale of any securities received as a result of a redemption in-kind.

 

Note: The Fund has the right to suspend or postpone redemptions of shares for any period (i) during which the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (ii) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; or (iii) during which (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or as otherwise permitted by the SEC.

 

SHARE TRANSACTIONS

 

Small Account Balances / Mandatory Redemptions

The Fund does not currently impose an account minimum. The Fund may adopt other policies from time to time requiring mandatory redemption of shares in certain circumstances, such as to comply with new regulatory requirements.

 

Share Certificates

The Fund does not issue share certificates.

 

Verification of Shareholder Transaction Statements

You must contact the Fund in writing regarding any errors or discrepancies within 60 days after the date of the statement confirming a transaction. The Fund may deny your ability to refute a transaction if it does not hear from you within 60 days after the confirmation statement date.

 

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Non-receipt of Purchase Wire/ Insufficient Funds Policy

The Fund reserves the right to cancel a purchase if payment if the check or electronic funds transfer does not clear your bank, or if a wire is not received by settlement date. A Fund may charge a fee for insufficient funds and you may be responsible for any fees imposed by your bank and any losses that the Fund may incur as a result of the canceled purchase.

 

Frequent Purchases and Sales of Fund Shares

The Fund is intended for long-term shareholders. The Fund will not knowingly permit short term trading, excessively frequent trading, market timing, or repetitive “round trips” into and out of the Fund over time. A “round trip” is defined as a purchase followed by redemption of substantially all of a shareholder’s assets with the Fund within a 90 day period. These activities may harm performance by increasing expenses related to trading, diluting the value of Fund shares held by other shareholders, and by distracting the investment adviser from making long-term investment decisions.

 

The Fund has established practices to monitor activity around these behaviors. The Fund may consider the following actions a violation of this policy:

 

 

Any sale of shares within 30 days of purchase.

 

Redemption of substantially all of a shareholder’s assets within 90 days of initial purchase.

 

A pattern of redeeming substantially all of a shareholder’s assets and subsequently investing in the Fund within a 90 day period.

 

In such instances, the Fund may temporarily or permanently bar your future purchases in the Fund. A shareholder’s history may determine whether the Fund will stop the shareholder’s purchases or impose other restrictions.

 

Certain non-discretionary transactions and exceptional circumstances may fall outside the excessive trading, short term trading, and market timing policy. The Fund will make such determinations at its sole discretion and reserves the right to reject any purchase to protect long-term shareholders.

 

Certain accounts, in particular omnibus accounts, include multiple investors and such accounts typically provide the Fund with a net purchase or redemption request on any given day. In these cases, purchases, exchanges and redemptions of Fund shares are netted against one another and the identity of individual purchasers and redeemers whose orders are aggregated may not be known by the Fund. Therefore, it becomes more difficult for the Fund to identify market timing or other abusive trading activities in these accounts, and the Fund may be unable to eliminate abusive traders in these accounts from the Fund. Further, identification of abusive traders may also be limited by operational systems and technical limitations. To the extent abusive or disruptive trading is identified, the Fund will encourage omnibus account intermediaries to address such trading activity in a manner consistent with how the Fund would address such activity directly, if it were able to do so.

 

Due to the complexity and subjectivity involved in identifying market timing and other abusive trading practices, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s efforts will identify all market timing or abusive trading activities. Therefore, investors should not assume that the Fund will be able to detect or prevent all practices that may disadvantage the Fund. The Fund will make a “best efforts” basis to detect such activity.

 

Prospectus | August 31, 2019

19

 

 

The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

 

 

The above policy would typically not apply to the following transactions:

 

 

Certain types of IRA account transactions such as systematic distributions, required minimum distributions, return of excess contribution amounts, and redemptions related to payment of custodian fees; and

 

Certain types of employer-sponsored and 403(b) retirement plan transactions, including loans or hardship withdrawals, minimum required distributions, redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, forfeiture of assets, return of excess contribution amounts, redemptions related to payment of plan fees, and redemptions related to death, disability or qualified domestic relations order.

 

How Fund Shares are Priced

The Board has approved procedures to be used to value the Fund’s securities for the purposes of determining the Fund’s NAV. The valuation of the securities of the Fund is determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Board. The Board has delegated certain valuation functions for the Fund to the Administrator.

 

The Fund generally values its securities based on market prices determined at the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time) on each business day (Monday through Friday). The Fund will not value its securities on any day that the NYSE is closed, including the following observed holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. The Fund’s currency valuations, if any, are done as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. For equity securities that are traded on an exchange, the market price is usually the closing sale or official closing price on that exchange. In the case of securities not traded on an exchange, or if such closing prices are not otherwise available, the market price is typically determined by independent third party pricing vendors approved by the Fund’s Board using a variety of pricing techniques and methodologies. The market price for debt obligations (including short-term debt obligations that will mature in 60 days or less) is generally the price supplied by an independent third party pricing service approved by the Fund’s Board, which may use a matrix, formula or other objective method that takes into consideration market indices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. In certain circumstances, bid and ask prices may be obtained from (i) a broker/dealer specified and deemed reliable by the Adviser, (ii) pink sheets, yellow sheets or the blue list, or (iii) a pricing agent that obtains quotations from broker/dealers or evaluates the value of the respective bid and ask prices. If vendors are unable to supply a price, or if the price supplied is deemed to be unreliable, the market price may be determined using quotations received from one or more brokers/dealers that make a market in the security.

 

When such prices or quotations are not available, or when the Adviser believes that they are unreliable, securities may be priced using fair value procedures approved by the Board. Because the Fund may invest in securities that may be thinly traded or for which market quotations may not be readily available or may be unreliable (such as securities of small capitalization companies), the Fund may use fair valuation procedures more frequently than funds that invest primarily in securities that are more liquid (such as equity securities of large capitalization domestic issuers). The Fund may also use fair value procedures if a significant event has occurred between the time at which a market price is determined and the time at which the Fund’s net asset value is calculated. In particular, the value of non-U.S. securities may be materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which they are traded, but before the Fund prices its shares.

 

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The Fund may determine the fair value of investments based on information provided by pricing services and other third-party vendors, which may recommend fair value prices or adjustments with reference to other securities, indices or assets. In considering whether fair value pricing is required and in determining fair values, the Fund may, among other things, consider significant events (which may be considered to include changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after the close of the relevant market and before the Fund values its securities. In addition, the Fund may utilize modeling tools provided by third-party vendors to determine fair values of non-U.S. securities. The Fund’s use of fair value pricing may help deter “stale price arbitrage.”

 

Valuing securities at fair value involves greater reliance on judgment than valuation of securities based on readily available market quotations. A fund that uses fair value to price securities may value those securities higher or lower than another fund using market quotations or its own fair value methodologies to price the same securities. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its net asset value.

 

The Fund invests, or may invest, in securities that are traded on foreign exchanges or markets, which may be open when the NYSE is closed. As a result, the value of your investment in the Fund may change on days when you are unable to purchase or redeem shares.

 

Customer Identification Program

To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires the Fund’s Transfer Agent to obtain certain personal information from you (or persons acting on your behalf) in order to verify your (or such person’s) identity when you open an account, including name, address, date of birth and other information (which may include certain documents) that will allow the Transfer Agent to verify your identity. If this information is not provided, the Transfer Agent may not be able to open your account. If the Transfer Agent is unable to verify your identity (or that of another person authorized to act on your behalf) shortly after your account is opened, or believes it has identified potentially criminal activity, the Fund, the Distributor and the Transfer Agent each reserve the right to reject further purchase orders from you or to take such other action as they deem reasonable or required by law, including closing your account and redeeming your shares at their NAV at the time of redemption.

 

Effective May 11, 2018, if you are opening an account in the name of a legal entity (e.g., a partnership, business trust, limited liability company, corporation, etc.), you may be required to supply the identity of the beneficial owner or controlling person(s) of the legal entity prior to the opening of your account. The Fund may request additional information about you (which may include certain documents, such as articles of incorporation for companies) to help the Transfer Agent verify your identity.

 

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

 

The Fund normally pays dividends, if any, quarterly, and distributes capital gains, if any, on an annual basis.

 

Income dividend distributions are derived from interest and other income the Fund receives from its investments and include distributions of short-term capital gains. Capital gain distributions are derived from gains realized when the Fund sells a security it has owned for more than a year.

 

Prospectus | August 31, 2019

21

 

 

The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

 

 

The Fund may make additional distributions and dividends at other times if the Adviser believes doing so may be necessary for the Fund to avoid or reduce taxes. Distributions and dividends are reinvested in additional Fund shares unless you instruct the Transfer Agent to have your distributions and/or dividends paid by check mailed to the address of record or transferred through an Automated Clearing House to the bank of your choice. You can change your choice at any time to be effective as of the next distribution or dividend, except that any change given to the Transfer Agent less than five days before the payment date will not be effective until the next distribution or dividend is made. Distribution checks will only be issued for payments greater than $25.00. Distributions will automatically be reinvested in shares of the fund(s) generating the distribution if under $25.00. Un-cashed distribution checks will be canceled and proceeds reinvested at the then current net asset value, for any shareholder who chooses to receive distributions in cash, if distribution checks: (1) are returned and marked as “undeliverable” or (2) remain un-cashed for six months after the date of issuance. If distribution checks are canceled and reinvested, your account election may also be changed so that all future distributions are reinvested rather than paid in cash. Interest will not accrue on uncashed distribution checks.

 

TAXES

 

The discussion below only addresses the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Fund for U.S. persons and does not address any foreign, state or local tax consequences. For purposes of this discussion, U.S. persons are:

 

 

(i)

U.S. citizens or residents;

 

(ii)

U.S. corporations;

 

(iii)

an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

(iv)

a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or certain electing trusts that were in existence on August 20, 1996, and were treated as domestic trusts on August 19, 1996.

 

This discussion does not address issues of significance to U.S. persons in special situations such as (i) certain types of tax-exempt organizations, (ii) shareholders holding shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plan accounts or individual retirement accounts), (iii) shareholders holding investments through foreign institutions (financial and non-financial), (iv) financial institutions, (v) broker-dealers, (vi) entities not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, (vii) shareholders holding shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction, and (viii) shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax. If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. For further information regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Fund, investors should see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Taxation of the Fund.”

 

Non-U.S. persons that are considering the purchase of shares should consult with their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares in the Fund.

 

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The Fund intends to meet all requirements under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time (“the Code”) necessary to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) and thus does not expect to pay any U.S. federal income tax on income and capital gains distributed to shareholders. The Fund also intends to meet certain distribution requirements such that the Fund is not subject to U.S. federal income tax in general. If the Fund does not meet the distribution requirements, the Fund may be subject to significant excise taxes. This discussion is based on the assumption that the Fund will qualify under Subchapter M of the Code as a RIC and satisfy these distribution requirements. There can be no guarantee that this assumption will be correct.

 

Taxation of Fund Distributions

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, shareholders of RICs are generally subject to taxation based on the underlying character of the income and gain recognized by the RIC and distributed to the shareholders.

 

Distributions of net capital gains that are properly designated by the Fund as capital gain dividends (“capital gain dividends”) will be taxable to Fund shareholders as long-term capital gains. Generally, distributions of earnings derived from ordinary income and short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income. The Fund does not expect a significant portion of its distributions to derive from “qualified dividend income,” which will be taxed to non-corporate shareholders at favorable rates so long as certain requirements are met. Corporate shareholders may be able to take a dividends- received deduction for a portion of the dividends they receive from the Fund, to the extent such dividends are received by the Fund from a domestic corporation and to the extent a portion of interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund are treated as dividends subject in each case to certain holding period requirements and debt-financing limitations.

 

Some of the Fund’s investments, such as certain option transactions and certain futures transactions, may be “section 1256 contracts.” Section 1256 contracts are taxed annually on a “marked to market” basis as if sold for their fair market values at the end of the tax year. Gains and losses on section 1256 contracts are generally treated as 60% long-term capital and 40% short-term capital (with certain exceptions).

 

The Fund may also realize long-term capital gains when it sells or redeems a security that it has owned for more than one year and when it receives capital gain distributions from exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) in which the Fund owns investments. The Fund may realize short- term capital gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for one year or less. The Fund may realize ordinary income from distributions from ETFs, from foreign currency gains that are not section 1256 contracts, from interest on indebtedness owned by the Fund, and from other sources.

 

The maximum long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals and other noncorporate shareholders is currently 20% in addition to the 3.8% surtax on net investment income described below. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Taxation of Fund Distributions.”

 

Distributions of earnings are taxable whether a shareholder receives them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares. If a dividend or distribution is made shortly after a shareholder purchases shares of the Fund, while in effect a return of capital to you, the dividend or distribution is taxable.

 

Prospectus | August 31, 2019

23

 

 

The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

 

 

An investor can avoid this by investing after the Fund has paid a dividend. Distributions made by the Fund to shareholders who purchased their shares through tax-advantaged retirement accounts are not taxable.

 

Sale or Redemption of Fund Shares

A shareholder’s sale or redemption of Fund shares will generally result in taxable gain (if positive) or loss (if negative) in an amount equal to (i) the amount realized, reduced by (ii) the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the Fund shares sold or surrendered (in the case of a redemption). A shareholder who receives securities in redemption of shares of the Fund will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between (i) the aggregate fair market value of the securities plus the amount of any cash received (net of any applicable fees), and (ii) the shareholder’s adjusted basis in the shares redeemed.

 

Any capital gain or loss realized upon the sale or redemption of shares of the Fund is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for one year or less. In certain situations, a loss on the sale of shares held for six months or less will be a long-term capital loss. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to significant limitations.

 

Any loss realized on a disposition or redemption of shares of the Fund may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent that the shares disposed of are replaced with other substantially identical shares of the Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before the shares are disposed of, such as pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in shares of the Fund. Persons redeeming shares should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether the wash sale rules apply and when such a loss might be deductible. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES –Sale or Redemption of Shares.”

 

Taxation of Certain Investments

The Fund’s investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding or other taxes which may reduce a Fund’s yield on such securities. Shareholders generally will not be entitled to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes paid by the Fund, although it is possible that Fund may be able to elect to pass through foreign tax credits or deductions to its shareholders. The Fund makes no assurances regarding its ability or willingness to so elect. In addition, the Fund’s investments in foreign securities or foreign currencies may increase or accelerate the Fund’s recognition of ordinary income and may affect the timing or amount of the Fund’s distributions. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Special Tax Considerations.”

 

The Fund may, at times, buy debt obligations at a discount from the price at which they were originally issued (“original issue discount”), especially during periods of rising interest rates. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, any original issue discount inherent in such investments will be included in the Fund’s ordinary income when and as it accrues as required by applicable law. Even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, and will be subject to the risk of nonpayment, it will be distributed to shareholders as taxable dividends.

 

The Fund may also buy debt obligations in the secondary market which are treated as having market discount. Generally, gain recognized on the disposition of such an investment is treated as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of the accrued market discount, but the

 

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Fund may elect instead to currently include the amount of market discount as ordinary income even though the Fund does not receive payment of such amount at that time. The Fund’s investments in certain debt obligations, mortgage-backed securities, asset- backed securities and derivatives may also cause the Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such obligations. The Fund could be required at times to liquidate other investments in order to satisfy its distribution requirements, potentially increasing the amount of capital gain dividends made to shareholders.

 

If the Fund invests in stock of a real-estate investment trust (a “REIT”), it may be eligible to pay “section 199A dividends” to its shareholders with respect to qualified dividends received by it from its investment in REITs. Section 199A dividends are taxable to individual and other noncorporate shareholders at a reduced effective federal income tax rate, provided that certain holding period requirements and other conditions are satisfied.

 

Surtax on Net Investment Income

A surtax of 3.8% applies to net investment income of a taxpayer that is an individual, trust or estate which (in any case) to the extent that the taxpayer recognizes gross income (as adjusted) in excess of a certain amount for a year. Net investment income includes, among other types of income, ordinary income, dividend income and capital gain derived from an investment in the Fund. For information regarding the surtax on net investment income, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Surtax on Net Investment Income.”

 

Backup Withholding

The Fund is required in certain circumstances to apply backup withholding on taxable dividends, redemption proceeds and certain other payments that are paid to any shareholder who does not furnish to the Fund certain information and certifications or who is otherwise subject to backup withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is currently 24%. For more information regarding backup withholding, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Backup Withholding.”

 

Cost Basis Reporting

The Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and furnish to Fund shareholders (other than shareholders who hold their shares through a tax-advantaged arrangement such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account) the cost basis information for Fund shares that are sold and that were purchased on or after January 1, 2012. If a shareholder does not make a timely election among the available IRS-accepted cost basis methods, the Fund will use a default cost basis method for the shareholder. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers concerning the most desirable IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situations.

 

Foreign Accounts

Shareholders that invest in the Fund through foreign accounts may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on: (1) income dividends paid by the Fund, and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of a sale of Fund shares paid after December 31, 2018. This withholding tax generally may be avoided if the financial institution that maintains the account satisfies certain registration, certification and reporting requirements. For more information regarding withholding with respect to foreign accounts, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Foreign Accounts.”

 

Investors should consult with their tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.

 

Prospectus | August 31, 2019

25

 

 

The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

 

 

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance for the fiscal periods noted below. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from the Fund’s financial statements audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, are included in the Fund’s annual report, which is available upon request by calling the Fund at 855-DGI-FUND.

 

For a share outstanding during the periods presented

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

 

INCOME FROM OPERATIONS

Net investment income(a)

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

Total from investment operations

 

DISTRIBUTIONS

From net investment income

From net realized gain on investments

Total distributions

 

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

 

TOTAL RETURN

 

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

Net assets, end of period (000’s)

 

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

Expenses

Net investment income

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

In 2018 the Fund’s total return consists of a voluntary reimbursement by the advisor for a realized investment loss. Excluding this item, total return would not have been impacted.

 

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For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2016

   

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2015

 
  $ 19.12     $ 18.20     $ 15.96     $ 16.75     $ 15.02  
                                       
                                       
    0.16       0.12       0.09       0.09       0.10  
    2.55       1.64       2.29       (0.44 )     1.83  
    2.71       1.76       2.38       (0.35 )     1.93  
                                       
                                       
    (0.12 )     (0.12 )     (0.09 )     (0.10 )     (0.09 )
    (0.56 )     (0.72 )     (0.05 )     (0.34 )     (0.11 )
    (0.68 )     (0.84 )     (0.14 )     (0.44 )     (0.20 )
                                       
                             
    2.03       0.92       2.24       (0.79 )     1.73  
  $ 21.15     $ 19.12     $ 18.20     $ 15.96     $ 16.75  
                                       
    14.74 %     9.75 %(b)     14.96 %     (2.05 %)     12.87 %
                                       
                                       
  $ 240,172     $ 204,068     $ 159,774     $ 119,857     $ 113,342  
                                       
                                       
    0.78 %     0.78 %     0.78 %     0.78 %     0.78 %
    0.80 %     0.64 %     0.50 %     0.59 %     0.61 %
                                       
    22 %     18 %     16 %     13 %     14 %

 

Prospectus | August 31, 2019

27

 

 

Intentionally Left Blank

 

 

Intentionally Left Blank

 

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND

  

Shareholder Reports

 

Annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders provide additional information about the Fund’s investments. These reports, when available, will discuss the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

 

Statement of Additional Information

 

The statement of additional information provides more detailed information about the Fund. It is incorporated by reference into (is legally a part of) this Prospectus.

 

The Fund sends only one report to a household if more than one account has the same address. Contact the Transfer Agent if you do not want this policy to apply to you.

 

How to Obtain Additional Information

 

 

You can obtain shareholder reports or the statement of additional information (without charge), make inquiries or request other information about the Fund by contacting the Transfer Agent at P.O. Box 275, Denver, CO, 80201, or by calling the Fund at 855-DGI-FUND, by writing your financial consultant. This information is also available free of charge on the Fund’s website at www.dgifund.com.

 

You can get copies of the Fund’s shareholder reports, prospectus and statement of additional information after paying a fee by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov. You can get the same reports and information free from the EDGAR Database on the Commission’s Internet web site at http://www.sec.gov.

    

 

 

If someone makes a statement about the Fund that is not in this Prospectus, you should not rely upon that information. Neither the Fund nor the Distributor is offering to sell shares of the Fund to any person to whom the Fund may not lawfully sell their shares.

 

(Investment Company Act file no. 811-8194)

 

 

 

 

Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Fund’s annual and semi-annual shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Funds’ website at www.emeraldmutualfunds.com and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

 

Beginning on January 1, 2019, you may, notwithstanding the availability of shareholder reports online, elect to receive all future shareholder reports in paper free of charge. If you invest through a financial intermediary, you can contact your financial intermediary to request that you continue to receive paper copies of your shareholder reports. If you invest directly with the Funds, you can call 1.855.828.9909 to let the Funds know you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports.

 

If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Funds electronically anytime by contacting your financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank) or, if you are a direct investor, by enrolling at www.emeraldmutualfunds.com.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

Summary Sections

2

Investment Objective and Principal Strategies

18

More on each Fund’s Investments and Related Risks

19

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

26

Management

26

The Portfolio Managers

27

Administrator, Distributor and Transfer Agent of the Funds

28

Buying, Exchanging and Redeeming Shares

28

Share Transactions

34

Dividends and Distributions

35

Taxes

36

Financial Highlights

38

Appendix A – Intermediary Sales Charge Waivers and Discounts

55

Additional Information About the Funds

Back Cover

 

 

 

 

 

EMERALD BANKING AND FINANCE FUND (THE “FUND”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

 

The Fund seeks long term growth through capital appreciation. Income is a secondary objective.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for certain sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional, in the section “BUYING, EXCHANGING AND REDEEMING SHARES” at page 28 of the prospectus and the section “PURCHASE, EXCHANGE & REDEMPTION OF SHARES” at page 37 of the Fund’s statement of additional information. In addition, please see Appendix A – Intermediary Sales Charge Waivers and Discounts.

 

 

Class A

Class C

Institutional
Class

Investor
Class

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Maximum sales charge (load) on purchases (as a percentage of offering price)

4.75%

None

None

None

Maximum deferred sales charge (as a percentage of the lower of original purchase price or redemption proceeds)

None

1.00%

None

None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage
of the value of your investment)

Management Fees

0.92%

0.92%

0.92%

0.92%

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

0.35%

0.75%

0.00%

0.25%

Total Other Expenses

0.15%

0.40%

0.20%

0.30%

Other Fund Expenses

0.15%

0.15%

0.15%

0.15%

Shareholder Services Fees

0.00%

0.25%

0.05%

0.15%

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(1)

1.42%

2.07%

1.12%

1.47%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement(2)

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement

1.42%

2.07%

1.12%

1.47%

 

(1)

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses have been restated to reflect current fees.

 

(2)

Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust (“Emerald” or the “Adviser”) has agreed contractually to waive a portion of its fees and reimburse other expenses until in amounts necessary to limit the Fund’s operating expenses (exclusive of Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expense) for Class A, Class C, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares to an annual rate (as percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets) of 1.84%, 2.49%, 1.54% and 1.89% respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that the Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expense more than three years after the date on which the fees and expenses were deferred. The Adviser may not discontinue this waiver, prior to August 31, 2020, without the approval by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

Example

 

This example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example reflects the net operating expenses with expense waivers through the current term of the Expense Agreement, which ends on August 31, 2020. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

 

Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1 YEAR

3 YEARS

5 YEARS

10 YEARS

Class A Shares

$ 613

$ 903

$ 1,214

$ 2,094

Class C Shares

$ 310

$ 649

$ 1,113

$ 2,397

Institutional Class Shares

$ 114

$ 356

$ 617

$ 1,362

Investor Class Shares

$ 150

$ 465

$ 802

$ 1,755

You would pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your Shares:

Class A Shares

$ 613

$ 903

$ 1,214

$ 2,094

Class C Shares

$ 210

$ 649

$ 1,113

$ 2,397

Institutional Class Shares

$ 114

$ 356

$ 617

$ 1,362

Investor Class Shares

$ 150

$ 465

$ 802

$ 1,755

 

The Example does not reflect sales charges (loads) on dividends reinvested and other distributions. If these sales charges (loads) were included, your costs would be higher. Descriptions of sales charge waivers and/or discounts for Class A Shares with respect to certain financial intermediaries are reproduced in “Appendix A –Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Waivers and Discounts” to this prospectus based on information provided by the financial intermediary.

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may also result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover was 55% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

2

 

 

 

EMERALD BANKING AND FINANCE FUND

 

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUND

 

The Emerald Banking and Finance Fund has adopted an investment policy that it will, under normal conditions, invest at least 80% of the value of its assets (net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in stocks (both common and preferred) of companies principally engaged in the banking or financial services industries. This requirement is applied at the time the Fund invests its assets. The Emerald Banking and Finance Fund’s policy to invest at least 80% of its assets in such a manner is non-fundamental, which means that it may be changed without shareholder approval.

 

The Fund will usually emphasize small or medium market capitalization companies: those with a market capitalization of less than $1.5 billion. In addition, the Fund will invest not less than 25% of its net assets in securities of companies principally engaged in the banking industry and not less than 25% of its net assets in securities of companies principally engaged in the financial services industry. A company is defined as “principally engaged” in the banking or financial services industries if: (a) a majority of the revenues or earnings were derived from the creation or sale of banking or financial services products; or (b) a majority of the assets were devoted to such activities, based on the company’s most recent fiscal year.

 

Companies in the banking industry are defined to include U.S. commercial and industrial banking and savings institutions and their parent holding companies. Companies in the financial services industry are defined to include commercial and industrial finance companies, diversified financial services companies, investment banking, securities brokerage and investment advisory companies, real estate investment trusts, insurance and insurance holding companies, and leasing companies.

 

Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust (“Emerald” or the “Adviser”) utilizes a growth approach to choosing securities based upon fundamental research which attempts to identify companies whose earnings growth rate exceeds that of their peer group, exhibit a competitive advantage in niche markets, or do not receive significant coverage from other institutional investors.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

 

Any of the investments made by the Fund can result in an investment loss, which may be significant. The principal risks of investing in the Fund, which could adversely affect its net asset value and total return, are:

 

Concentration in Banking- and Financial Services-Related Investments: The banking and financial services industries are comparatively narrow segments of the economy. The Fund concentrates its investments in such issuers to the extent permitted by applicable regulatory guidance. Entities in these industries may be subject to additional risks such as increased competition within the sector or changes in legislation or government regulations. In addition, entities in these industries are particularly vulnerable to certain factors affecting the industries as a whole, such as the availability and cost of capital funds, changes in interest rates, the rate of corporate and consumer debt defaults, and price competition. There is a risk that those issuers (or the sector) will perform poorly and negatively impact the Fund. Concentration risk results from maintaining exposure (long or short) to issuers conducting business in a specific industry. The risk of concentrating investments in a limited number of issuers in a particular industry is that the Fund will be more susceptible to the risks associated with that industry than a fund that does not concentrate its investments.

 

Equity Securities: The risks associated with investing in equity securities of companies include the financial risk of selecting individual companies that do not perform as anticipated, the risk that the stock markets in which the Fund invests may experience periods of turbulence and instability, and the general risk that domestic and global economies may go through periods of decline and cyclical change.

 

Growth Stocks: Growth-oriented stocks may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than other stocks. The market prices of companies believed to have good prospects for revenues and earnings growth tend to reflect those expectations. When it appears those expectations will not be met, the prices of these securities typically fall. In addition, if the market does not come to share the Adviser’s assessment of an investment’s long-term growth, the Fund may underperform other mutual funds or stock indexes.

 

Liquidity Risk: Liquidity risk is financial risk due to uncertain liquidity. An institution might lose liquidity if its credit rating falls, it experiences sudden unexpected cash outflows, or some other event causes counterparties to avoid trading with or lending to the institution. A firm is also exposed to liquidity risk if markets on which it depends are subject to loss of liquidity. Derivative based securities and privately issued mortgage-related securities and other asset-backed securities, which do not have a government or government-sponsored guarantee, that are subject to substantial market and credit risk may have greater liquidity risk. Less liquid securities may trade infrequently, trade at a smaller volume, and be quite volatile. This means that they may be harder to purchase or sell at a fair price or quickly enough to prevent or minimize loss.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk: The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Real Estate Securities and REITs: Real estate investment trusts or “REITs” are issuers that invest in interests in real estate, including mortgages. Investing in REITs may subject the Fund to risks similar to those associated with the direct ownership of real estate, including fluctuations in the value of underlying properties and defaults by borrowers or tenants. REITs may not be diversified and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency and self-liquidation. REITs are also subject to the possibilities of failing to qualify for tax-free pass through of income under the Code, and failing to maintain their exemptions from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). REITs may have limited financial resources, trade less frequently and in a limited volume, and be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than more widely held securities.

 

Restricted, Illiquid and Convertible Securities: Certain securities generally trade in lower volume and may be less liquid than securities of large established companies. These less liquid securities could include securities of small- and mid-sized non-U.S. companies, high-yield securities, convertible securities, unrated debt and convertible securities, securities that originate from small offerings, and foreign securities, particularly those from companies in emerging markets. If a security is illiquid, the

 

3

 

 

  

 

Fund may not be able to sell the security at a time and/or price at which the Adviser might wish to sell, which means that the Fund could lose money. In addition, the security could have the effect of decreasing the overall level of the Fund’s liquidity.

 

Securities Issued By Other Investment Companies: The Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies, including, but not limited to, other mutual funds, money market funds, ETFs, HOLDRs, unit investment trusts, and closed-end funds, to gain exposure to a particular portion of the market rather than purchase securities directly. Investing in another investment company exposes the Fund to all the risks of that investment company, and, in general, subjects it to a pro rata portion of the other investment company’s fees and expenses.

 

Small and Medium Capitalization Stocks: Investment in securities of smaller companies presents greater investment risks than investing in the securities of larger companies. These risks include greater price volatility, greater sensitivity to changing economic conditions, and less liquidity than the securities of larger, more mature companies.

 

Sector Risk: Sector risk is the possibility that all stocks within the same group of industries will decline in price due to sector-specific market or economic developments. The Fund may be overweight in certain sectors at various times.

 

Please see “What are the Principal and Non-Principal Risks of Investing in Each Fund?” for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund. It is possible to lose money on an investment in the Fund. Investments in the Fund are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

 

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The performance shown for Class A and Class C shares for periods prior to March 16, 2012 reflects the performance of the Forward Banking and Finance Fund’s Class A and C shares, as a result of a prior reorganization of the Forward Banking and Finance Fund’s Class A and C shares into the Fund’s Class A and Class C shares, without the effect of any fee and expense limitations or waivers.

 

The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. The bar chart figures do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay when they buy or sell Shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to a broad-based securities market index. The index is not actively managed and is not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.emeraldmutualfunds.com or by calling 1-855-828-9909.

  

Calendar Year Annual Returns — Class A

 

 

Best Quarter — December 31, 2016

27.59%

Worst Quarter — December 31, 2018

-23.59%

 

The Fund’s Class A share year-to-date return as of June 30, 2019 was 13.55%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for the periods ended December 31, 2018)

 

Emerald Banking & Finance

1 Year

5 Years

10 Years

Since
Inception

Class A (Inception Date of 2/18/97)

Returns Before Taxes

-23.41%

6.30%

8.81%

8.01%

Returns After Taxes on Distributions*

-27.13%

5.11%

8.20%

7.33%

Returns After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-11.03%

4.99%

7.27%

6.82%

Russell 2000 Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-11.01%

4.41%

11.97%

7.51%

Russell 2000 Financial Services (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-10.97%

6.19%

9.66%

7.95%

Class C (Inception Date of 07/01/00)**

 

 

 

Returns Before Taxes

-20.73%

6.64%

8.64%

8.21%

Russell 2000 Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-11.01%

4.41%

11.97%

6.74%

Russell 2000 Financial Services (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-10.97%

6.19%

9.66%

8.74%

Institutional Class (Inception Date of 3/19/2012)

 

 

Returns Before Taxes

-19.29%

7.68%

12.88%

Russell 2000 Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses, or taxes)

-11.01%

4.41%

8.76%

Russell 2000 Financial Services (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-10.97%

6.19%

10.13%

 

4

 

 

 

EMERALD BANKING AND FINANCE FUND

 

Emerald Banking & Finance

1 Year

5 Years

10 Years

Since
Inception

Investor Class (Inception Date of 3/16/10)**

 

 

Returns Before Taxes

-19.53%

7.35%

10.57%

Russell 2000 Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-11.01%

4.41%

9.59%

Russell 2000 Financial Services (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-10.97%

6.19%

9.86%

 

*

After-tax returns are calculated by using the highest historical individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates (i.e., maximum rates) and do not include state or local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold Fund shares in tax-deferred accounts (i.e., retirement plans or Individual Retirement Accounts).

 

**

After-tax returns are only shown for Class A shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Class C, Institutional Class and Investor Class shares will vary from those shown for Class A shares due to varying expenses among the classes. The returns do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay to a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary when they buy or sell shares of the Fund.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

 

Emerald is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

Kenneth G. Mertz II, CFA, and Steven E. Russell, Esq. are responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio and make the final investment decisions for the Fund. Mr. Mertz is President and Chief Investment Officer of Emerald and President and Chief Investment Officer of Emerald Advisers, LLC. Mr. Russell is an Assistant Vice President of Emerald Advisers and an Assistant Vice President of Emerald, and a Portfolio Manager of the Fund. Mr. Mertz and Mr. Russell have both managed the Fund from its inception in March 2012. Mr. Mertz had served as a portfolio manager of the Forward Banking and Finance Fund, the predecessor to the Fund, since its inception.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

 

The minimum initial investment in Class A, Class C and Investor Class shares is $2,000 for non-qualified accounts and $1,000 for qualified accounts. The minimum initial investment in Institutional Class shares is $1,000,000. The minimum subsequent investment is $100 for Class A, Class C and Investor Class shares. There is no minimum subsequent investment for Institutional Class shares. Investors may meet the minimum investment amount by aggregating multiple accounts within the Fund.

 

Purchases, exchanges and redemptions may be made directly or through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms. You should contact your financial intermediary or refer to your plan documents for information on how to invest in the Fund. Investor Class shareholders should call 1-855-828-9909 for more information on how to invest.

 

TAX INFORMATION

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

 

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

 

5

 

 

 

 

 

EMERALD GROWTH FUND (THE “FUND”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

 

The Fund seeks long-term growth through capital appreciation.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for certain sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional, in the section “BUYING, EXCHANGING AND REDEEMING SHARES” at page 28 of the prospectus and the section “PURCHASE, EXCHANGE & REDEMPTION OF SHARES” at page 37 of the Fund’s statement of additional information. In addition, please see Appendix A – Intermediary Sales Charge Waivers and Discounts.

 

 

Class A

Class C

Institutional
Class

Investor
Class

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Maximum sales charge (load) on purchases (as a percentage of offering price)

4.75%

None

None

None

Maximum deferred sales charge (as a percentage of the lower of original purchase price or redemption proceeds)

None

1.00%

None

None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage
of the value of your investment)

Management Fees

0.56%

0.56%

0.56%

0.56%

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

0.35%

0.75%

0.00%

0.25%

Total Other Expenses

0.10%

0.35%

0.15%

0.25%

Other Fund Expenses

0.10%

0.10%

0.10%

0.10%

Shareholder Services Fees

0.00%

0.25%

0.05%

0.15%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(1)

1.01%

1.66%

0.71%

1.06%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement(2)

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement

1.01%

1.66%

0.71%

1.06%

 

(1)

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses have been restated to reflect current fees.

 

(2)

Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust (“Emerald” or the “Adviser”) has agreed contractually to waive a portion of its fees and reimburse other expenses in amounts necessary to limit the Fund’s operating expenses (exclusive of Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expense) for Class A, Class C, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares to an annual rate (as percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets) of 1.29%, 1.94%, 0.99% and 1.34% respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that the Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fees and expenses were deferred. The Adviser may not discontinue this waiver, prior to August 31, 2020, without the approval by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

Example

 

This example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example reflects the net operating expenses with expense waivers through the current term of the Expense Agreement, which ends on August 31, 2020. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

 

Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1 YEAR

3 YEARS

5 YEARS

10 YEARS

Class A Shares

$ 573

$ 781

$ 1,006

$ 1,651

Class C Shares

$ 269

$ 523

$ 902

$ 1,963

Institutional Class Shares

$ 73

$ 227

$ 395

$ 882

Investor Class Shares

$ 108

$ 337

$ 584

$ 1,293

You would pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your Shares:

Class A Shares

$ 573

$ 781

$ 1,006

$ 1,651

Class C Shares

$ 169

$ 523

$ 902

$ 1,963

Institutional Class Shares

$ 73

$ 227

$ 395

$ 882

Investor Class Shares

$ 108

$ 337

$ 584

$ 1,293

 

The Example does not reflect sales charges (loads) on dividends reinvested and other distributions. If these sales charges (loads) were included, your costs would be higher. Descriptions of sales charge waivers and/or discounts for Class A Shares with respect to certain financial intermediaries are reproduced in “Appendix A –Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Waivers and Discounts” to this prospectus based on information provided by the financial intermediary.

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may also result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 64% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUND

 

Under normal conditions, the Fund typically invests in equity securities, including common stocks, preferred stocks, and securities convertible into common or preferred stocks.

 

6

 

 

 

EMERALD GROWTH FUND

 

The Fund utilizes a fundamental approach to choosing securities: the research staff of Emerald, conducts company-specific research analysis to identify companies whose earnings growth rate exceeds that of their peer group. Companies with perceived leadership positions and competitive advantages in niche markets that do not receive significant coverage from other institutional investors are favored.

 

The Fund can invest in companies from a wide range of industries and of various sizes. This includes smaller companies, which are defined by the Adviser as those having a market capitalization equal to or less than that of the largest companies in the Russell 2000 Index.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

 

Any of the investments made by the Fund can result in an investment loss, which may be significant. The principal risks of investing in the Fund, which could adversely affect its net asset value and total return, are:

 

Equity Securities: The risks associated with investing in equity securities of companies include the financial risk of selecting individual companies that do not perform as anticipated, the risk that the stock markets in which the Fund invests may experience periods of turbulence and instability, and the general risk that domestic and global economies may go through periods of decline and cyclical change.

 

Growth Stocks: Growth-oriented stocks may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than other stocks. The market prices of companies believed to have good prospects for revenues and earnings growth tend to reflect those expectations. When it appears those expectations will not be met, the prices of these securities typically fall. In addition, if the market does not come to share the Adviser’s assessment of an investment’s long-term growth, the Fund may underperform other mutual funds or stock indexes.

 

Portfolio Turnover: The Fund is generally expected to engage in frequent and active trading of portfolio securities to achieve its investment objective. A higher turnover rate (100% or more) will involve correspondingly greater transaction costs, which will be borne directly by the Fund, may have an adverse impact on performance, and may increase the potential for more taxable distributions being paid to shareholders, including distributions of short-term capital gains that are taxed as ordinary income. To the extent that a Fund engages in short sales (which are not included in calculating the portfolio turnover rate), the transaction costs incurred by a Fund are likely to be greater than the transaction costs incurred by a mutual fund that does not take short positions and has a similar portfolio turnover rate.

 

Liquidity Risk: Liquidity risk is financial risk due to uncertain liquidity. An institution might lose liquidity if its credit rating falls, it experiences sudden unexpected cash outflows, or some other event causes counterparties to avoid trading with or lending to the institution. A firm is also exposed to liquidity risk if markets on which it depends are subject to loss of liquidity. Derivative based securities and privately issued mortgage-related securities and other asset-backed securities, which do not have a government or government-sponsored guarantee, that are subject to substantial market and credit risk may have greater liquidity risk. Less liquid securities may trade infrequently, trade at a smaller volume, and be quite volatile. This means that they may be harder to purchase or sell at a fair price or quickly enough to prevent or minimize loss.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk: The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Real Estate Securities and REITs: Real estate investment trusts or “REITs” are issuers that invest in interests in real estate, including mortgages. Investing in REITs may subject the Fund to risks similar to those associated with the direct ownership of real estate, including fluctuations in the value of underlying properties and defaults by borrowers or tenants. REITs may not be diversified and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency and self-liquidation. REITs are also subject to the possibilities of failing to qualify for tax-free pass through of income under the Code, and failing to maintain their exemptions from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). REITs may have limited financial resources, trade less frequently and in a limited volume, and be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than more widely held securities.

 

Restricted, Illiquid and Convertible Securities: Certain securities generally trade in lower volume and may be less liquid than securities of large established companies. These less liquid securities could include securities of small- and mid-sized non-U.S. companies, high-yield securities, convertible securities, unrated debt and convertible securities, securities that originate from small offerings, and foreign securities, particularly those from companies in emerging markets. If a security is illiquid, the Fund may not be able to sell the security at a time and/or price at which the Adviser might wish to sell, which means that the Fund could lose money. In addition, the security could have the effect of decreasing the overall level of the Fund’s liquidity.

 

Securities Issued By Other Investment Companies: The Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies, including, but not limited to, other mutual funds, money market funds, ETFs, HOLDRs, unit investment trusts, and closed-end funds, to gain exposure to a particular portion of the market rather than purchase securities directly. Investing in another investment company exposes the Fund to all the risks of that investment company, and, in general, subjects it to a pro rata portion of the other investment company’s fees and expenses.

 

Small and Medium Capitalization Stocks: Investment in securities of smaller companies presents greater investment risks than investing in the securities of larger companies. These risks include greater price volatility, greater sensitivity to changing economic conditions, and less liquidity than the securities of larger, more mature companies.

 

Please see “What are the Principal and Non-Principal Risks of Investing in Each Fund?” for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund. It is possible to lose money on an investment in the Fund. Investments in the Fund are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

7

 

 

 

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

 

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The performance shown for Class A, Class C and Institutional Class shares for periods prior to March 16, 2012 reflects the performance of the Forward Growth Fund’s Class A, Class C and Institutional Class shares as a result of a prior reorganization of the Forward Growth Fund’s Class A, Class C and Institutional Class shares into the Fund’s Class A, Class C and Institutional Class shares, without the effect of any fee and expense limitations or waivers.

 

The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. The bar chart figures do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay when they buy or sell Shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to a broad-based securities market index. The index is not actively managed and is not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.emeraldmutualfunds.com or by calling 1-855-828-9909.

 

Calendar Year Annual Returns — Class A

 

 

Best Quarter — March 31, 2012

20.57%

Worst Quarter — September 30, 2011

- 23.43%

 

The Fund’s Class A share year-to-date return as of June 30, 2019 was 24.02%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for the periods ended December 31, 2018)

 

Emerald Growth

1 Year

5 Years

10 Years

Since
Inception

Class A (Inception Date of 10/01/92)

Returns Before Taxes

-16.06%

5.02%

14.14%

10.42%

Returns After Taxes on Distributions*

-18.16%

3.95%

13.13%

9.23%

Returns After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-7.98%

3.75%

11.79%

8.74%

Russell 2000 Growth Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-9.31%

5.13%

13.52%

7.76%

Class C (Inception Date of 07/01/00)**

Returns Before Taxes

-13.19%

5.38%

13.98%

5.53%

Russell 2000 Growth Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-9.31%

5.13%

13.52%

4.54%

Institutional Class (Inception Date of 10/21/08)**

Returns Before Taxes

-11.57%

6.40%

15.06%

13.45%

Russell 2000 Growth Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-9.31%

5.13%

13.52%

12.41%

Investor Class (Inception Date of 5/2/2011)**

Returns Before Taxes

-11.91%

6.01%

9.41%

Russell 2000 Growth Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-9.31%

5.13%

8.23%

 

*

After-tax returns are calculated by using the highest historical individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates (i.e., maximum rates) and do not include state or local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold Fund shares in tax-deferred accounts (i.e., retirement plans or Individual Retirement Accounts).

 

**

After-tax returns are only shown for Class A shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Class C, Institutional Class and Investor Class shares will vary from those shown for Class A shares due to varying expenses among the classes. The returns do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay to a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary when they buy or sell shares of the Fund.

 

 

8

 

 

 

EMERALD GROWTH FUND

 

 INVESTMENT ADVISER

 

Emerald is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

EMERALD’S PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

The members of the team are: Kenneth G. Mertz II, CFA, President, Stacey L. Sears, Portfolio Manager, and Joseph W. Garner, Portfolio Manager and Director of Research for Emerald and its affiliates. Mr. Mertz, Ms. Sears and Mr. Garner are responsible for the management of the Fund’s portfolio, and each has served as a portfolio manager of the Fund since inception in March 2012. Mr. Mertz had served as a portfolio manager of the Forward Growth Fund, the predecessor to the Fund, since its inception, Ms. Sears since 2002 and Mr. Garner since 2006.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

 

Effective December 31, 2015, the Fund closed to new investors, seeking to purchase shares of the Fund either directly or through third-party intermediaries, except as described below:

 

A financial adviser whose clients have established accounts in the Fund as of December 31, 2015 may continue to open new accounts in the Fund for any of its existing clients.

 

Existing or new participants in a qualified retirement plan, such as a 401(k) plan, profit sharing plan, 403(b) plan or 457 plan, which has an existing position in the Fund as of December 31, 2015, may continue to open new accounts in the Fund. In addition, if such qualified retirement plans have a related retirement plan formed in the future, this plan may also open new accounts in the Fund.

 

Existing shareholders of the Fund may continue to purchase additional shares of the Fund.

 

The Fund retains the right to make exceptions to any action taken to close the Fund or limit inflows into the Fund.

 

Purchases, exchanges and redemptions may be made directly or through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms. You should contact your financial intermediary or refer to your plan documents for information on how to invest in the Fund. Investor Class shareholders should call 1-855-828-9909 for more information on how to invest.

 

TAX INFORMATION

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

 

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s Web site for more information.

 

 

9

 

 

  

 

EMERALD INSIGHTS FUND (THE “FUND”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

 

The Fund seeks long-term growth through capital appreciation.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for certain sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional, in the section “BUYING, EXCHANGING AND REDEEMING SHARES” at page 28 of the prospectus and the section “PURCHASE, EXCHANGE & REDEMPTION OF SHARES” at page 37 of the Fund’s statement of additional information. In addition, please see Appendix A – Intermediary Sales Charge Waivers and Discounts.

 

 

Class A

Class C

Institutional
Class

Investor
Class

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Maximum sales charge (load) on purchases (as a percentage of offering price)

4.75%

None

None

None

Maximum deferred sales charge (as a percentage of the lower of original purchase price or redemption proceeds)

None

1.00%

None

None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage
of the value of your investment)

Management Fees

0.75%

0.75%

0.75%

0.75%

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

0.35%

0.75%

0.00%

0.25%

Total Other Expenses

1.09%

1.34%

1.14%

1.24%

Recoupment of Previously Waived Fees

 

 

 

 

Other Fund Expenses

1.09%

1.09%

1.09%

1.09%

Shareholder Services Fees

0.00%

0.25%

0.05%

0.15%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(1)

2.19%

2.84%

1.89%

2.24%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement(2)

-0.84%

-0.84%

-0.84%

-0.84%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement

1.35%

2.00%

1.05%

1.40%

 

(1)

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses have been restated to reflect current fees.

 

(2)

Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust (“Emerald” or the “Adviser”) has agreed contractually to waive a portion of its fees and reimburse other expenses in amounts necessary to limit the Fund’s operating expenses (exclusive of Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expense) for Class A, Class C, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares to an annual rate (as percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets) of 1.35%, 2.00%, 1.05% and 1.40% respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that the Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fees and expenses were deferred. The Adviser may not discontinue this waiver, prior to August 31, 2020, without the approval by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

Example

 

This example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example reflects the net operating expenses with expense waivers through the current term of the Expense Agreement, which ends on August 31, 2020. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

 

Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1 YEAR

3 YEARS

5 YEARS

10 YEARS

You would pay the following expenses if you redeemed your Shares:

Class A Shares

$ 606

$ 1,050

$ 1,520

$ 2,813

Class C Shares

$ 303

$ 800

$ 1,424

$ 3,102

Institutional Class Shares

$ 107

$ 512

$ 943

$ 2,140

Investor Class Shares

$ 143

$ 619

$ 1,123

$ 2,506

You would pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your Shares:

Class A Shares

$ 606

$ 1,050

$ 1,520

$ 2,813

Class C Shares

$ 203

$ 800

$ 1,424

$ 3,102

Institutional Class Shares

$ 107

$ 512

$ 943

$ 2,140

Investor Class Shares

$ 143

$ 619

$ 1,123

$ 2,506

 

The Example does not reflect sales charges (loads) on dividends reinvested and other distributions. If these sales charges (loads) were included, your costs would be higher. Descriptions of sales charge waivers and/or discounts for Class A Shares with respect to certain financial intermediaries are reproduced in “Appendix A –Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Waivers and Discounts” to this prospectus based on information provided by the financial intermediary.

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may also result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 63% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

10

 

 

 

EMERALD INSIGHTS FUND

 

 PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUND

 

Under normal conditions, the Fund typically invests in equity securities of U.S. companies, including common stocks, preferred stocks, and securities convertible into common or preferred stocks.

 

The Fund utilizes a fundamental approach to choosing securities: the Adviser’s research staff conducts company-specific research analysis to identify companies whose earnings growth rate exceeds that of their peer group, generally considered to be, growth companies. The Adviser favors companies with perceived leadership positions and competitive advantages in niche markets that do not receive significant attention from published analysts or other institutional investors.

 

The Fund can invest in companies from a wide range of industries and of various sizes, including investments in mid and small-size companies. The Adviser typically defines mid-size companies as those having a market capitalization equal to or less than that of the largest companies in the Russell MidCap® Growth Index. As of June 30, 2019, the Russell MidCap Growth Index included securities issued by companies that ranged in size between $1.38 billion and $50.94 billion. The Adviser typically defines small-size companies as those having a market capitalization equal to or less than that of the largest companies in the Russell 2000 Growth Index. As of June 30, 2019, the Russell 2000 Growth Index included securities issued by companies that ranged in size between $19.84 million and $10.34 billion.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

 

Any of the investments made by the Fund can result in an investment loss, which may be significant. The principal risks of investing in the Fund, which could adversely affect its net asset value and total return, are:

 

Equity Securities: The risks associated with investing in equity securities of companies include the financial risk of selecting individual companies that do not perform as anticipated, the risk that the stock markets in which the Fund invests may experience periods of turbulence and instability, and the general risk that domestic and global economies may go through periods of decline and cyclical change.

 

Growth Stocks: Growth-oriented stocks may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than other stocks. The market prices of companies believed to have good prospects for revenues and earnings growth tend to reflect those expectations. When it appears those expectations will not be met, the prices of these securities typically fall. In addition, if the market does not come to share the Adviser’s assessment of an investment’s long-term growth, the Fund may underperform other mutual funds or stock indexes.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk: The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Market Risk: Securities markets are volatile and can decline significantly in response to issuer, political, market, and economic developments. Historically, markets have moved in cycles, and the value of the Fund’s securities may fluctuate drastically from day to day. The Fund’s portfolio securities can be affected by events that affect the securities markets generally or particular segments of the market in which the Fund has invested. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by such companies may suffer a decline in response. These factors contribute to price volatility, which is a principal risk of investing in the Fund.

 

Portfolio Turnover: The Fund is generally expected to engage in frequent and active trading of portfolio securities to achieve its investment objective. A higher turnover rate (100% or more) will involve correspondingly greater transaction costs, which will be borne directly by the Fund, may have an adverse impact on performance, and may increase the potential for more taxable distributions being paid to shareholders, including short-term capital gains that are taxed as ordinary income.

 

Restricted, Illiquid and Convertible Securities: Certain securities generally trade in lower volume and may be less liquid than securities of large established companies. These less liquid securities could include securities of small- and mid-sized non-U.S. companies, high-yield securities, convertible securities, unrated debt and convertible securities, securities that originate from small offerings, and foreign securities, particularly those from companies in emerging markets. If a security is illiquid, the Fund may not be able to sell the security at a time and/or price at which the Adviser might wish to sell, which means that the Fund could lose money. In addition, the security could have the effect of decreasing the overall level of the Fund’s liquidity.

 

Small and Medium Capitalization Stocks: Investment in securities of small or medium-sized companies presents greater investment risks than investing in the securities of larger companies. These risks include greater price volatility, greater sensitivity to changing economic conditions, and less liquidity than the securities of larger, more mature companies.

 

Please see “What are the Principal and Non-Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund?” for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund. It is possible to lose money on an investment in the Fund. Investments in the Fund are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

 

11

 

 

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

 

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time.

 

The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. The bar chart figures do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay when they buy or sell Shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to a broad-based securities market index. The index is not actively managed and is not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.emeraldmutualfunds.com or by calling 1-855-828-9909.

 

Calendar Year Annual Returns — Class A

 

 

Best Quarter — March 31, 2015

9.60%

Worst Quarter — December 31, 2018

-22.37%

 

The Fund’s Class A share year-to-date return as of June 30, 2019 was 24.59%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for the periods ended December 31, 2018)

 

Emerald Insights

1 Year

Since Inception
(August 1, 2014)

Class A

Returns Before Taxes

-13.41%

2.49%

Returns After Taxes on Distributions*

-17.95%

1.25%

Returns After Taxes on Distributions
and Sale of Fund Shares

-4.89%

1.90%

Russell 3000® Growth Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)(1)

-2.12%

10.47%

Russell Midcap® Growth Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-4.75%

7.67%

Class C**

 

 

Returns Before Taxes

-10.35%

2.92%

Russell 3000® Growth Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)(1)

-2.12%

10.47%

Russell Midcap® Growth Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-4.75%

7.67%

Institutional Class**

 

 

Returns Before Taxes

-8.79%

3.91%

Russell 3000® Growth Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)(1)

-2.12%

10.47%

Russell Midcap® Growth Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-4.75%

7.67%

Investor Class**

 

 

Returns Before Taxes

-9.22%

3.53%

Russell 3000® Growth Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)(1)

-2.12%

10.47%

Russell Midcap® Growth Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-4.75%

7.67%

 

*

After-tax returns are calculated by using the highest historical individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates (i.e., maximum rates) and do not include state or local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold Fund shares in tax-deferred accounts (i.e., retirement plans or Individual Retirement Accounts).

 

**

After-tax returns are only shown for Class A shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Class C, Institutional Class and Investor Class shares will vary from those shown for Class A shares due to varying expenses among the classes. The returns do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay to a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary when they buy or sell shares of the Fund.

 

(1)

Effective August 31, 2019, the changed its benchmark from the Russell Midcap® Growth Index to the Russell 3000® Growth Index. The Portfolio changed its benchmark because Emerald believes the new benchmark represents a better comparison against which to measure the Portfolio’s performance.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

 

Emerald is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

EMERALD’S PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

David A. Volpe, CFA®, Managing Director of Emerald, has served as the primary portfolio manager since the Fund’s inception in July 2014. Steve Amsterdam, Senior Research Analyst of Emerald, has served as associate portfolio manager since the Fund’s inception in July 2014. Joseph Hovorka has served as associate portfolio manager since August 2016.

  

12

 

 

 

EMERALD INSIGHTS FUND

 

 PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

 

The minimum initial investment in Class A, Class C and Investor Class shares is $2,000 for non-qualified accounts and $1,000 for qualified accounts. The minimum initial investment in Institutional Class shares is $1,000,000. The minimum subsequent investment is $100 for Class A, Class C and Investor Class shares. There is no minimum subsequent investment for Institutional Class shares. Investors may meet the minimum investment amount by aggregating multiple accounts within the Fund.

 

Purchases, exchanges and redemptions may be made directly or through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms. You should contact your financial intermediary or refer to your plan documents for information on how to invest in the Fund. Investor Class shareholders should call 1-855-828-9909 for more information on how to invest.

 

TAX INFORMATION

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

 

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

 

 

13

 

 

 

 

EMERALD SMALL CAP VALUE FUND (THE “FUND”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

 

The Fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for certain sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional, in the section “BUYING, EXCHANGING AND REDEEMING SHARES” at page 28 of the prospectus and the section “PURCHASE, EXCHANGE & REDEMPTION OF SHARES” at page 37 of the Fund’s statement of additional information. In addition, please see Appendix A – Intermediary Sales Charge Waivers and Discounts.

 

 

Class A

Class C

Institutional
Class

Investor
Class

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Maximum sales charge (load) on purchases (as a percentage of offering price)

4.75%

None

None

None

Maximum deferred sales charge (as a percentage of the lower of original purchase price or redemption proceeds)

None

1.00%

None

None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage
of the value of your investment)

Management Fees

0.75%

0.75%

0.75%

0.75%

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

0.35%

0.75%

0.00%

0.25%

Total Other Expenses

1.79%

1.94%

1.69%

1.83%

Other Fund Expenses

1.79%

1.69%

1.69%

1.83%

Shareholder Services Fees

0.00%

0.25%

0.00%

0.00%

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

2.89%

3.44%

2.44%

2.83%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement(1)

-1.54%

-1.44%

-1.44%

-1.58%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement

1.35%

2.00%

1.00%

1.25%

 

(1)

Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust (“Emerald” or the “Adviser”) has agreed contractually to waive a portion of its fees and reimburse other expenses in amounts necessary to limit the Fund’s operating expenses (exclusive of Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expense) for Class A, Class C, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares to an annual rate (as percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets) of 1.35%, 2.00%, 1.00% and 1.25% respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that the Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fees and expenses were deferred. The Adviser may not discontinue this waiver, prior to August 31, 2020, without the approval by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

Example

 

This example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example reflects the net operating expenses with expense waivers for the term of the Expense Agreement only, which will expire on August 31, 2020 unless renewed. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

 

Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1 YEAR

3 YEARS

5 YEARS

10 YEARS

Class A Shares

$ 606

$ 1,188

$ 1,795

$ 3,427

Class C Shares

$ 303

$ 922

$ 1,664

$ 3,620

Institutional Class Shares

$ 102

$ 622

$ 1,169

$ 2,663

Investor Class Shares

$ 127

$ 727

$ 1,353

$ 3,038

You would pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your Shares:

Class A Shares

$ 606

$ 1,188

$ 1,795

$ 3,427

Class C Shares

$ 203

$ 922

$ 1,664

$ 3,620

Institutional Class Shares

$ 102

$ 622

$ 1,169

$ 2,663

Investor Class Shares

$ 127

$ 727

$ 1,353

$ 3,038

 

The Example does not reflect sales charges (loads) on dividends reinvested and other distributions. If these sales charges (loads) were included, your costs would be higher. Descriptions of sales charge waivers and/or discounts for Class A Shares with respect to certain financial intermediaries are reproduced in “Appendix A –Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Waivers and Discounts” to this prospectus based on information provided by the financial intermediary.

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may also result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 101% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUND

 

Under normal conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its total assets in common stocks of domestic small capitalization companies, focusing on companies that Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust (“Emerald” or the “Adviser”) believes possess a consistent track record of strong financial productivity. The

 

14

 

 

 

EMERALD SMALL CAP VALUE FUND

 

 Fund emphasizes a “value” investment style, investing in companies that appear underpriced according to certain financial measurements of their worth or business prospects. The Adviser defines small capitalization companies as those with a market capitalization between, and including, the smallest and largest companies contained in the Russell 2000 Value® Index at the time of purchase. The Fund may invest up to 20% of total assets in American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”) of small capitalization companies. ADRs are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign-based issuer held in trust by a bank or similar financial institution. They are alternatives to the direct purchase of the underlying securities in their national markets and currencies. The Fund will invest in ADRs that meet the same investment criteria as other small capitalization companies in the Fund. The Fund may invest up to 20% of total assets in Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REIT”s). A REIT is a pooled investment vehicle that purchases primarily income-producing real estate or real estate related interests. The Fund will invest in REITs with a market capitalization between, and including, the smallest and largest companies contained in the Russell 2000 Value® Index at the time of purchase. The Fund will invest in REITs that meet the same investment criteria as other small capitalization companies in the Fund.

 

The Fund is diversified, which means that it is limited in the percentage of assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. From time to time, the Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in a limited number of industry sectors, but will not concentrate in any particular industry or group of industries.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

 

Any of the investments made by the Fund can result in an investment loss, which may be significant. The principal risks of investing in the Fund, which could adversely affect its net asset value and total return, are:

 

Depositary Receipts Risk. Depositary receipts are securities issued by banks and other financial institutions that represent interests in the stocks of foreign companies. They include, but are not limited to, ADRs, European Depositary Receipts, Global Depositary Receipts, Russian Depositary Certificates, Philippine Depositary Receipts, and Brazilian Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts may be sponsored or unsponsored. Unsponsored depositary receipts are organized independently, without the cooperation of the issuer of the underlying securities. As a result, there may be less information available about the underlying issuer than there is about an issuer of sponsored depositary receipts and the prices may be more volatile than if such instruments were sponsored by the issuer. Investments in depositary receipts involve risks similar to those accompanying direct investments in foreign securities.

 

Equity Securities Risk: The risks associated with investing in equity securities of companies include the financial risk of selecting individual companies that do not perform as anticipated, the risk that the stock markets in which the Fund invests may experience periods of turbulence and instability, and the general risk that domestic and global economies may go through periods of decline and cyclical change.

 

Foreign Securities Risk: The Fund may invest in ADRs. ADRs are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign-based issuer held in trust by a bank or similar financial institution. They are alternatives to the direct purchase of the underlying securities in their national markets and currencies. ADRs are subject to risks similar to those associated with direct investment in foreign securities. Foreign investments can involve significant risks in addition to the risks inherent in U.S. investments. Such risks include adverse political and economic developments or social instability; the imposition of foreign withholding taxes or exchange controls; expropriation or nationalization; currency blockage (which could prevent cash from being brought back to the United States); the impact of exchange rate and foreign currency fluctuations on the market value of foreign securities; more limited availability of public information regarding security issuers; the degree of governmental supervision regarding securities markets; different accounting, auditing and financial standards; and difficulties in enforcing legal rights (particularly with regard to depository receipts in which the holders may not have the same rights as shareholders).

 

Geographic Risk: Funds that are less diversified across countries or geographic regions are generally riskier than more geographically diversified funds. Because the Fund’s investments may be in a limited number of countries, it is more exposed to those countries’ or regions’ economic cycles, currency exchange rates, stock market valuations and political risks compared with a more geographically diversified fund.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk. The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Real Estate Securities and REITs Risk: Real estate investment trusts or “REITs” are issuers that invest in interests in real estate, including mortgages. Investing in REITs may subject the Fund to risks similar to those associated with the direct ownership of real estate, including fluctuations in the value of underlying properties and defaults by borrowers or tenants. REITs may not be diversified and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency and self-liquidation. REITs are also subject to the possibilities of failing to qualify for tax-free pass through of income under the Code, and failing to maintain their exemptions from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). REITs may have limited financial resources, trade less frequently and in a limited volume, and be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than more widely held securities.

 

Sector Risk: Sector risk is the possibility that all stocks within the same group of industries will decline in price due to sector-specific market or economic developments. The Fund may be overweight in certain sectors at various times.

 

Small Capitalization Stocks Risk: Investment in securities of small-sized companies presents greater investment risks than investing in the securities of larger companies. These risks include greater price volatility, greater sensitivity to changing economic conditions, and less liquidity than the securities of larger, more mature companies. The trading volume of securities of smaller companies is normally less than that of larger companies and, therefore, may disproportionately affect their market price, tending to make prices fall more in response to selling pressure than is the case with larger companies. Smaller companies may also have limited markets, product lines, or financial resources, and may lack management experience.

 

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Value Stocks Risk: Value investing attempts to identify companies selling at a discount to their intrinsic value. Value investing is subject to the risk that a company’s intrinsic value may never be fully realized by the market or that a company judged by the Adviser to be undervalued may actually be appropriately priced.

 

Please see “What are the Principal and Non-Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund?” for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund. It is possible to lose money on an investment in the Fund. Investments in the Fund are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

 

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The Fund was organized as a successor to the Elessar Small Cap Value Fund (the “Predecessor Fund”), a series of Elessar Funds Investment Trust. The Predecessor Fund was reorganized with and into the Fund on June 26, 2015. The portfolio managers for the Fund also served as the portfolio managers for the Predecessor Fund, which had an identical investment objective and substantially similar investment strategies as the Fund. The performance shown for periods prior to June 26, 2015 reflects the performance of the Predecessor Fund’s Institutional Class and Investor Class shares. Class A or Class C shares were not offered by the Predecessor Fund and commenced operations June 26, 2015, and because they have not yet completed a full calendar year of investment operations, there is no performance to report.

 

The performance shown prior to June 26, 2015 reflects the performance of the Predecessor Fund’s Institutional Class shares. The table compares the Predecessor Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to broad-based securities market indices. The Fund’s past performance does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.emeraldmutualfunds.com or by calling 1-855-828-9909.

 

Calendar Year Annual Returns — Institutional Class

 

 

Best Quarter — December 31, 2016

14.96%

Worst Quarter — December 31, 2018

-21.73%

 

The Fund’s Institutional Class Share year-to-date return for the period ended June 30, 2019 was 17.84%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for periods ended December 31, 2018)

 

Emerald Small Cap Value

1 Year

5 Years

Since
Inception

Institutional Class (Inception Date October 15, 2012)

Return Before Taxes

-19.57%

2.95%

7.94%

Return After Taxes On Distributions

-24.23%

-0.88%

4.33%

Return After Taxes On Distributions And Sale Of Fund Shares

-8.18%

2.42%

6.24%

Russell 2000® Value Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-12.86%

3.61%

8.62%

Investor Class (Inception Date October 15, 2012)

Return Before Taxes

-19.70%

2.76%

7.74%

Russell 2000® Value Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-12.86%

3.61%

8.62%

 

*

After-tax returns are calculated by using the highest historical individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates (i.e., maximum rates) and do not include state or local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold Fund shares in tax-deferred accounts (i.e., retirement plans or Individual Retirement Accounts).

 

**

After-tax returns are only shown for Institutional Class shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Investor Class, Class A and Class C shares will vary from those shown for Institutional Class shares due to varying expenses among the classes. The returns do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay to a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary when they buy or sell shares of the Fund.

 

 

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EMERALD SMALL CAP VALUE FUND

 

 INVESTMENT ADVISER

 

Emerald is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

Ori Elan has managed the Fund since its inception, and also managed the Predecessor Fund since the Predecessor Fund’s inception in October 2012.

 

Steven E. Russell, Esq. has served as associate portfolio manager of the Fund since November 2016.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

 

The minimum initial investment in Class A, Class C and Investor Class shares is $2,000 for non-qualified accounts and $1,000 for qualified accounts. The minimum initial investment in Institutional Class shares is $1,000,000. The minimum subsequent investment is $100 for Class A, Class C and Investor Class shares. There is no minimum subsequent investment for Institutional Class shares. Investors generally may meet the minimum investment amount by aggregating multiple accounts within the Fund.

 

The Fund reserves the right to waive or change investment minimums. For accounts sold through financial intermediaries, it is the primary responsibility of the financial intermediary to ensure compliance with investment minimums.

 

Purchases, exchanges and redemptions may be made directly or through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms. You should contact your financial intermediary or refer to your plan documents for information on how to invest in the Fund. Investor Class shareholders should call 1-855-828-9909 for more information on how to invest.

 

TAX INFORMATION

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

 

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s Web site for more information.

 

 

17

 

 

  

 

EMERALD BANKING AND FINANCE FUND
EMERALD GROWTH FUND
EMERALD INSIGHTS FUND
EMERALD SMALL CAP VALUE FUND

 

(EACH A “FUND,” AND COLLECTIVELY, THE “FUNDS” OR THE “EMERALD FUNDS”)

 

Investment Objective and Principal Strategies

 

This section describes each Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies. See “More on Each Fund’s Investments and Related Risks” in this Prospectus and the Statement of Additional Information for more information about each Fund’s investments and the risks of investing.

 

What are the Funds’ Investment Objectives?

 

The Emerald Banking and Finance Fund seeks long-term growth through capital appreciation. Income is a secondary objective.

The Emerald Growth Fund seeks long-term growth through capital appreciation.

The Emerald Insights Fund seeks long-term growth through capital appreciation.

The Emerald Small Cap Value Fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.

 

While there is no assurance that any Fund will achieve its investment objective, each Fund endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in this Prospectus.

 

Each Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change this investment objective or the Fund’s principal investment strategies without a shareholder vote. Each Fund will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to a Fund’s investment objective or principal investment strategies, you should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

What are each Fund’s Principal Investment Strategies?

 

The Emerald Banking and Finance Fund

The Emerald Banking and Finance Fund has adopted an investment policy that it will, under normal conditions, invest at least 80% of the value of its assets (net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in stocks (both common and preferred) of companies principally engaged in the banking or financial services industries. This requirement is applied at the time the Fund invests its assets. The Emerald Banking and Finance Fund’s policy to invest at least 80% of its assets in such a manner is non-fundamental, which means that it may be changed without shareholder approval. The 80% investment policy may be changed at any time by the Board of Trustees. Shareholders will be given written notice at least 60 days prior to any change by the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund of its 80% investment policy.

 

The Fund will usually emphasize small or medium market capitalization companies: those with a market capitalization of less than $1.5 billion. In addition, the Fund will invest not less than 25% of its net assets in securities of companies principally engaged in the banking industry and not less than 25% of its net assets in securities of companies principally engaged in the financial services industry. A company is defined as “principally engaged” in the banking or financial services industries if: a majority of the revenues or earnings were derived from the creation or sale of banking or financial services products; or a majority of the assets were devoted to such activities, based on the company’s most recent fiscal year.

 

Companies in the banking industry are defined to include U.S. commercial and industrial banking and savings institutions and their parent holding companies. Companies in the financial services industry are defined to include commercial and industrial finance companies, diversified financial services companies, investment banking, securities brokerage and investment advisory companies, real estate investment trusts, insurance and insurance holding companies, and leasing companies.

 

Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust (“Emerald” or the “Adviser”) utilizes a growth approach to choosing securities based upon fundamental research which attempts to identify companies whose earnings growth rate exceeds that of their peer group, exhibit a competitive advantage in niche markets, or do not receive significant coverage from other institutional investors.

 

The Emerald Growth Fund

Under normal conditions, the Fund typically invests in equity securities, including common stocks, preferred stocks, and securities convertible into common or preferred stocks.

 

The Fund utilizes a fundamental approach to choosing securities: the research staff of Emerald conducts company-specific research analysis to identify companies whose earnings growth rate exceeds that of their peer group. Companies with perceived leadership positions and competitive advantages in niche markets that do not receive significant coverage from other institutional investors are favored.

 

The Fund can invest in companies from a wide range of industries and of various sizes. This includes smaller companies, which are defined by the Adviser as those having a market capitalization equal to or less than that of the largest companies in the Russell 2000 Index. As of June 30, 2019, the Russell 2000 Index included securities issued by companies that ranged in size between $4.84 million and $10.34 billion.

 

The Emerald Insights Fund

Under normal conditions, the Fund typically invests in equity securities of U.S. companies, including common stocks, preferred stocks, and securities convertible into common or preferred stocks.

 

The Fund utilizes a fundamental approach to choosing securities: the Adviser’s research staff conducts company-specific research analysis to identify companies whose earnings growth rate exceeds that of their peer group, generally considered to be, growth companies. The Adviser favors companies with perceived leadership positions and competitive advantages in niche markets that do not receive significant attention from published analysts or other institutional investors.

 

The Fund can invest in companies from a wide range of industries and of various sizes. The Fund will invest primarily in mid and small-size companies. The Adviser typically defines mid-size companies as those having a market capitalization

 

18

 

 

 

EMERALD FUNDS

 

equal to or less than that of the largest companies in the Russell MidCap® Growth Index. As of June 30, 2019, the Russell MidCap® Growth Index included securities issued by companies that ranged in size between $1.38 billion and $50.94 billion. The Adviser typically defines small-size companies as those having a market capitalization equal to or less than that of the largest companies in the Russell 2000 Growth Index. As of June 30, 2019, the Russell 2000 Growth Index included securities issued by companies that ranged in size between $19.84 million and $10.34 billion.

 

The Emerald Small Cap Value Fund

Under normal conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its total assets in common stocks of domestic small capitalization companies, focusing on companies that Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust (“Emerald” or the “Adviser”) believes possess a consistent track record of strong financial productivity. The Fund emphasizes a “value” investment style, investing in companies that appear underpriced according to certain financial measurements of their worth or business prospects. The Adviser defines small capitalization companies as those with a market capitalization between, and including, the smallest and largest companies contained in the Russell 2000 Value® Index at the time of purchase. The Fund may invest up to 20% of total assets in American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”) of small capitalization companies. ADRs are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign-based issuer held in trust by a bank or similar financial institution. They are alternatives to the direct purchase of the underlying securities in their national markets and currencies. The Fund will invest in ADRs that meet the same investment criteria as other small capitalization companies in the Fund. The Fund may invest up to 20% of total assets in Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REIT”s). A REIT is a pooled investment vehicle that purchases primarily income-producing real estate or real estate related interests. The Fund will invest in REITs with a market capitalization between, and including, the smallest and largest companies contained in the Russell 2000 Value® Index at the time of purchase. The Fund will invest in REITs that meet the same investment criteria as other small capitalization companies in the Fund.

 

The Fund is diversified, which means that it is limited in the percentage of assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. From time to time, the Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in a limited number of industry sectors, but will not concentrate in any particular industry or group of industries.

 

More on each Fund’s Investments and Related Risks

 

Each Fund’s investment objective and its principal investment strategies are described above under “Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies.” This section provides additional information about each Fund’s investment strategies and certain portfolio management techniques each Fund may use, as well as the principal and other risks that may affect each Fund’s portfolio. Additional information about some of these investments and portfolio management techniques and their associated risks is included in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”), which is available without charge upon request (see back cover).

 

What are the Principal Securities in Which One or More of the Funds Invests?

 

The principal investment strategies of each Fund are described above in the section titled “What are each Fund’s Principal Investment Strategies?” Those strategies may refer to various types of investments which may be used by that particular Fund. A more detailed description of certain instruments referenced above appears below. These descriptions are applicable only to the extent the Fund’s principal investment strategies indicate that such instruments will be used.

 

Equity Securities

Equity securities, such as common stock and preferred stock, represent an ownership interest, or the right to acquire an ownership interest, in an issuer. Different types of equity securities provide different voting and dividend rights and priority in the event of the bankruptcy of the issuer. Certain types of equity securities, such as warrants, are sometimes attached to or acquired in connection with debt securities. Preferred stocks pay dividends at a specified rate and have precedence over common stock as to the payment of dividends.

 

Convertible Securities

Convertible securities are generally preferred stocks and other securities, including certain fixed-income securities and warrants that are convertible into or exercisable for common stock at a stated price. The price of a convertible security will normally vary in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying common stock because of this conversion or exercise feature. However, the value of a convertible security may not increase or decrease as rapidly as the underlying common stock.

 

Depositary Receipts

Depositary receipts are securities issued by banks and other financial institutions that represent interests in the stocks of foreign companies. They include, but are not limited to, ADRs, European Depositary Receipts, Global Depositary Receipts, Russian Depositary Certificates, Philippine Depositary Receipts, and Brazilian Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts may be sponsored or unsponsored.

 

Real Estate-Related Company

A company is considered to be a real estate-related company if at least 50% of its assets, gross income or net profits are attributable to ownership, construction, management or sale of residential, commercial or industrial real estate. These companies include equity real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) that own property and mortgage REITs that make short-term construction and development mortgage loans or that invest in long-term mortgages or mortgage pools, or companies whose products and services are related to the real estate industry, such as manufacturers and distributors of building supplies, and financial institutions that issue or service mortgages.

 

A REIT is a type of U.S. real estate company that is dedicated to owning and usually operating income producing real estate or to financing real estate. REITs are not subject to U.S. corporate income tax provided they comply with a number of tax requirements, including the annual distribution to stockholders of at least 90% of their net income. A number of countries around the world have adopted, or are considering adopting, similar REIT-like structures pursuant to which these

 

19

 

 

 

 

companies are not subject to corporate income tax in their home countries provided they distribute a significant percentage of their net income each year to stockholders and meet certain other requirements.

 

Illiquid Securities

A Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities (i.e., securities that do not have a readily available market or that are subject to resale restrictions). Generally, a security is considered illiquid if it cannot be disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the price at which a Fund has valued the investment.

 

In October 2016, the SEC adopted a liquidity risk management rule, Rule 22e-4 (the “Liquidity Rule”). The Liquidity Rule requires open-end Funds to establish a liquidity risk management program and enhance disclosures regarding liquidity. As required by the Liquidity Rule, the Fund has implemented a Liquidity Program, and the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, has appointed a Liquidity Risk Management Committee (the “LRM Committee”) as the liquidity risk program administrator of the Liquidity Program. Under the Liquidity Program, the LRM Committee assesses, manages, and periodically reviews each Fund’s liquidity risk and classifies each investment held by each Fund as a “highly liquid investment,” “moderately liquid investment,” “less liquid investment” or “illiquid investment.” The Liquidity Rule defines “liquidity risk” as the risk that a Fund could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by the Fund without significant dilution of the remaining investors’ interest in the Fund. The liquidity of a Fund’s portfolio investments is determined based on relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations under the Liquidity Program. The impact the Liquidity Rule will have on the Funds is not yet fully known, but the Liquidity Rule could impact the Funds’ performance and their ability to achieve their investment objectives.

 

Money Market Securities

Money market securities are high quality, short-term debt securities that pay a fixed, variable or floating interest rate. Securities are often specifically structured so that they are eligible investments for a money market fund. For example, in order to satisfy certain of the maturity restrictions for a money market fund, some money market securities have demand or put features which have the effect of shortening the security’s maturity.

 

Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”)

ETFs are funds whose shares are traded on a national exchange. ETFs may be based on underlying equity or fixed income securities, as well as commodities or currencies. ETFs do not sell individual shares directly to investors and only issue their shares in large blocks known as “creation units.” The investor purchasing a creation unit then sells the individual shares on a secondary market. Although similar diversification benefits may be achieved through an investment in another investment company, ETFs generally offer greater liquidity and lower expenses. Because an ETF incurs its own fees and expenses, shareholders of a Fund investing in an ETF will indirectly bear those costs. Such Fund will also incur brokerage commissions and related charges when purchasing or selling shares of an ETF. Unlike typical investment company shares, which are valued once daily, shares in an ETF may be purchased or sold on a securities exchange throughout the trading day at market prices that are generally close to the NAV of the ETF.

 

Securities Issued by Other Investment Companies

Investment companies are corporations, trusts, or partnerships that invest pooled shareholder dollars in securities appropriate to the organization’s objective. Mutual funds, closed-end funds, unit investment trusts and ETFs are examples of investment companies. The Emerald Growth Fund and the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies, but only in no-load, open-end money market mutual funds. By investing in another investment company, a Fund will indirectly bear any asset-based fees and expenses charged by the underlying investment company in which the Fund invests.

 

Restrictions on Investments in Other Investment Companies – Investments in securities of other investment companies are subject to statutory limitations prescribed by the 1940 Act. Absent an available exemption, a Fund may not: (i) acquire more than 3% of the voting securities of any other investment company; (ii) invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any one investment company; or (iii) invest more than 10% of its total assets in securities of all investment companies.

 

When-Issued, Delayed-Delivery and Forward Commitments

A Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued basis, may purchase and sell such securities on a delayed-delivery basis, and may enter into contracts to purchase such securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond normal settlement time (i.e., forward commitments). Each Fund will segregate or “earmark” assets determined by the Adviser to be liquid in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees to cover its obligations with respect to any when-issued securities, delayed-delivery securities or forward commitments. Typically, no income accrues on securities a Fund has committed to purchase prior to the time delivery of the securities is made, although a Fund may earn income on securities it has segregated or “earmarked” to cover these positions.

 

U.S. Government Securities

U.S. Government securities are high quality securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by an agency or instrumentality of the U.S. Government. U.S. Government securities may be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, the right to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, or the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the security.

 

Mortgage-Related Securities

Mortgage-related securities are interests in pools of mortgages. Payment of principal or interest generally depends on the cash flows generated by the underlying mortgages. Mortgage-related securities may be U.S. Government securities or issued by a bank or other financial institution.

 

What are the Non-Principal Strategies of each Fund?

 

Investment Limitations

Except with respect to the illiquid investment restrictions set forth above, all limitations on each Fund’s investments listed in this Prospectus will apply at the time of investment. Each Fund would not violate these limitations unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of an investment. Unless otherwise indicated, references to assets in the percentage limitations on the Fund’s investments refer to total assets.

 

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EMERALD FUNDS

 

Cash Position

Each Fund may not always stay fully invested. For example, when the portfolio manager believes that market conditions are unfavorable for profitable investing, or when he is otherwise unable to locate attractive investment opportunities, the Fund’s cash or similar investments may increase. In other words, cash or similar investments generally are a residual – they represent the assets that remain after the Fund has committed available assets to desirable investment opportunities. When the Fund’s investments in cash or similar investments increase, it may not participate in market advance or declines to the same extent that it would if the Fund remained more fully invested.

 

Lending of Portfolio Securities

In order to generate additional income, a Fund from time to time may lend portfolio securities to broker-dealers, banks or institutional borrowers of securities. During the time portfolio securities are on loan, the borrower pays the lending Fund any dividends or interest paid on such securities. In the event the borrower defaults on its obligation to the lending Fund, the lending Fund could experience delays in recovering its securities and possible capital losses.

 

Changes of Investment Policies

Certain of the Funds’ investment policies are non-fundamental investment policies, including the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund’s policy to invest at least 80% of its assets in stocks (both common and preferred) of companies principally engaged in the banking or financial services industries. Such non-fundamental investment policies may be changed at any time without shareholder approval by the Board of Trustees. Shareholders will be given written notice at least 60 days prior to any change by either Fund of its non-fundamental investment policies. Unless expressly stated otherwise in the Prospectus or the Statement of Additional Information, any other investment policies or restrictions contained in the Prospectus or Statement of Additional Information are non-fundamental.

 

Temporary Defensive Positions

Each Fund may depart from its principal investment strategies in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions by taking temporary defensive positions in short-term debt securities, cash and cash equivalents. Under such circumstances, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

 

Additional Information Regarding Investment Strategies

With respect to any percentage restriction on investment or use of assets discussed in the relevant “Fund Summary” sections above, if such a percentage restriction is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, a later increase or decrease in such percentage resulting from changes in values of securities or loans or amounts of net assets or security characteristics will not be considered a violation of the restriction. Any such changes in percentages do not require the sale of a security, but rather the Adviser will consider which action is in the best interest of a Fund and its shareholders, including the sale of the security.

 

Other Investments and Risks

Each Fund may invest in other types of securities and use a variety of investment techniques and strategies which are not described in this Prospectus. These securities and techniques may subject a Fund to additional risks. Please review the SAI for more information about the additional types of securities in which each Fund may invest and their associated risks.

 

What are the Principal and Non-Principal Risks of Investing in Each Fund?

 

There are inherent risks associated with each Fund’s principal investment strategies. The factors that are most likely to have a material effect on a particular Fund’s investment portfolio as a whole are called “principal risks.” The principal risks of each Fund are summarized in each Fund’s “Fund Summary” section above and further described following the table. The table below identifies the principal and non-principal risks of each Fund. Each Fund may be subject to additional risks other than those described because the types of investment made by a Fund may change over time. For additional information regarding risks of investing in a Fund, please see the SAI.

 

Risks

Emerald
Banking and
Finance Fund

Emerald
Growth
Fund

Emerald
Insights
Fund

Emerald
Small Cap
Value Fund

Concentration in Banking and Financial Services

P

N/A

N/A

N/A

Borrowing

NP

NP

NP

NP

Cash and Cash Equivalents

NP

NP

NP

NP

Cybersecurity

NP

NP

NP

NP

Debt Securities

NP

NP

NP

NP

Depositary Receipts

NP

NP

NP

P

Derivatives

NP

NP

NP

N/A

Equity Securities

P

P

P

P

Foreign Securities Risk

N/A

N/A

N/A

P

Geographic Risk

N/A

N/A

N/A

P

Government-sponsored Enterprises

NP

NP

NP

N/A

Growth Stocks

P

P

P

N/A

Liquidity Risk

P

P

NP

N/A

Managed Portfolio

P

P

P

P

Market Risk

NP

NP

P

NP

Portfolio Turnover

NP

P

P

N/A

Real Estate Securities and REITs

P

P

NP

P

Repurchase Agreements

NP

NP

NP

N/A

Restricted, Illiquid and Convertible Securities

P

P

P

N/A

Sector Risk

P

N/A

N/A

P

Securities Issued By Other Investment Companies

P

P

NP

N/A

Small and Medium Capitalization Stocks

P

P

P

P

Tax

NP

NP

NP

N/A

Value Stocks

NP

NP

NP

P

 

P = Principal Risk

NP = Non-Principal Risk

N/A = Not Applicable

 

Concentration in Banking- and Financial Services-Related Investments

 

A Fund that concentrates in the banking and financial services industries, such as the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, may be subject to greater risks than a portfolio without such a concentration. Such a Fund will be particularly subject to

 

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the risks associated with regulatory developments in, or related to, the banking and financial services industries. The banking and financial services industries are comparatively narrow segments of the economy and, therefore, a Fund that concentrates its investments in these industries may experience greater volatility than funds investing in a broader range of industries.

 

In addition, companies in these industries may be subject to additional risks such as increased competition within the sector or changes in legislation or government regulations affecting the banking and financial services industries. The value of a Fund’s shares is particularly vulnerable to factors affecting the banking and financial services industries, such as the availability and cost of capital funds, changes in interest rates, the rate of corporate and consumer debt defaults, extensive government regulation, and price competition.

 

There is a risk that those issuers (or the sector) will perform poorly and negatively impact the Fund. Concentration risk results from maintaining exposure (long or short) to issuers conducting business in a specific industry. The risk of concentrating investments in a limited number of issuers in a particular industry is that the Fund will be more susceptible to the risks associated with that industry than a fund that does not concentrate its investments.

 

Borrowing

 

Borrowing for investment purposes creates leverage, which can increase the risk and volatility of a Fund. Borrowing will exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the market price of securities in a Fund’s portfolio on the Fund’s net asset value and, therefore, may increase the volatility of the Fund. Money borrowed will be subject to interest and other costs (that may include commitment fees and/ or the cost of maintaining minimum average balances). These costs may exceed the gain on securities purchased with borrowed funds. Increased operating costs, including the financing cost associated with any leverage, may reduce a Fund’s total return. Unless the income and capital appreciation, if any, on securities acquired with borrowed funds exceed the cost of borrowing, the use of leverage will diminish the investment performance of a Fund.

 

Successful use of borrowing depends on the ability of the Adviser to correctly predict interest rates and market movements, and there is no assurance that the use of borrowing will be successful. Capital raised through leverage will be subject to interest costs, which may fluctuate with changing market rates of interest. A Fund may also be required to pay fees in connection with borrowings (such as loan syndication fees or commitment and administrative fees in connection with a line of credit) and it might be required to maintain minimum average balances with a bank lender, either of which would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate. Under adverse market conditions, a Fund might have to sell portfolio securities to meet interest or principal payments at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor such sales. Some of a Fund’s portfolio securities may also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to the leverage risks described above. This additional leverage may, under certain market conditions, reduce the net asset value of a Fund.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The holding by a Fund of a substantial portion of its assets in cash and/or cash equivalents such as money market securities, U.S. government obligations and short-term debt securities, which may occur under certain market conditions, could have a negative effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

 

Cybersecurity

 

In connection with the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, the Fund may be susceptible to operational, information security and related risks due to the possibility of cyber-attacks or other incidents. Cyber incidents may result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, infection by computer viruses or other malicious software code, gaining unauthorized access to systems, networks or devices that are used to service the Fund’s operations through hacking or other means for the purpose of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks (which can make a website unavailable) on the Funds’ website. In addition, authorized persons could inadvertently or intentionally release confidential or proprietary information stored on the Fund’s systems.

 

Cybersecurity failures or breaches by the Fund’s third-party service providers (including, but not limited to, the adviser, distributor, custodian, transfer agent and financial intermediaries) may cause disruptions and impact the service providers’ and the Fund’s business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business and the mutual funds to process transactions, inability to calculate the Fund’s net asset value, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs and/or additional compliance costs. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of successful cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, the Fund or its third-party service providers.

 

The Fund may incur substantial costs to prevent or address cyber incidents in the future. In addition, there is a possibility that certain risks have not been adequately identified or prepared for. Furthermore, the Fund cannot directly control any cyber security plans and systems put in place by third party service providers. Cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund’s investment in such securities to lose value.

 

Debt Securities

 

A Fund may invest in short-term and/or long-term debt securities. Debt securities in which a Fund may invest are subject to several types of investment risk. They may have market or interest rate risk, which means their value will be affected by fluctuations in the prevailing interest rates. Bonds are subject to the risk that interest rates will rise and that, as a result, bond prices will fall, lowering the value of a Fund’s investments in bonds. Investments in these types of securities pose the risk that the Adviser’s forecast of the direction of interest rates might be incorrect.

 

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EMERALD FUNDS

 

Debt securities are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that the issuer may be unable to make timely interest payments and repay the principal upon maturity. The credit quality of a bond or fixed-income holding could deteriorate as a result of a bankruptcy or extended losses. There is no guarantee that a sovereign government will support certain government sponsored entity securities and, accordingly, these securities involve a risk of non-payment of principal and interest. In addition, the value of a Fund’s debt securities will generally decline if the credit rating of the issuer declines, and an issuer whose credit rating has declined may be unable to make payments of principal and/or interest. Call or income risk exists with respect to corporate bonds during periods of falling interest rates because of the possibility that securities with high interest rates will be prepaid or “called” by the issuer before they mature. A Fund would have to reinvest the proceeds at a possibly lower interest rate. A Fund may also be subject to event risk, which is the possibility that corporate debt securities held by the Fund may suffer a substantial decline in credit quality and market value if the issuer restructures.

 

Debt securities generally increase in value during periods of falling interest rates and decline in value if interest rates increase. Usually, the longer the remaining maturity of a debt security is, the greater the effect interest rate changes have on its market value.

 

Depositary Receipts

 

Depositary receipts are securities issued by banks and other financial institutions that represent interests in the stocks of foreign companies. They include, but are not limited to, American Depositary Receipts, European Depositary Receipts, Global Depositary Receipts, Russian Depositary Certificates, Philippine Depositary Receipts, and Brazilian Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts may be sponsored or unsponsored. Unsponsored depositary receipts are organized independently, without the cooperation of the issuer of the underlying securities. As a result, there may be less information available about the underlying issuer than there is about an issuer of sponsored depositary receipts and the prices may be more volatile than if such instruments were sponsored by the issuer. Investments in depositary receipts involve risks similar to those accompanying direct investments in foreign securities.

 

Derivatives

 

A Fund may invest in derivatives, which are securities whose value is based on the value of another security or index. These instruments include options, futures contracts, forward currency contracts, swap agreements, and similar instruments. There is limited consensus as to what constitutes a “derivative.” For certain Funds’ purposes, derivatives may also include customized baskets or options (which may incorporate other securities directly and also various derivatives including common stock, options, and futures) structured as agreed upon by a counterparty, as well as specially structured types of mortgage and asset-backed securities whose value is linked to foreign currencies. A Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional investments, and certain derivatives may create a risk of loss greater than the amount invested. Investing for hedging purposes or to increase a Fund’s return may result in certain additional transaction costs that may reduce the Fund’s performance. A Fund may use a variety of currency hedging techniques to attempt to hedge exchange rate risk or gain exposure to a particular currency. When used for hedging purposes, no assurance can be given that each derivative position will achieve a perfect correlation with the security or currency against which it is being hedged. Because the markets for certain derivative instruments are relatively new, suitable derivatives transactions may not be available in all circumstances for risk management or other purposes and there can be no assurance that a particular derivative position will be available when sought by the Adviser or, if available, that such techniques will be utilized by the Adviser.

 

The market value of derivative instruments and securities may be more volatile than that of other instruments, and each type of derivative instrument may have its own special risks, including the risk of mispricing or improper valuation of derivatives and the inability of derivatives to correlate perfectly with underlying assets, rates, and indexes. Many derivatives, in particular privately negotiated derivatives, are complex and often valued subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a Fund. The value of derivatives may not correlate perfectly, or at all, with the value of the assets, reference rates or indexes they are designed to closely track.

 

Derivatives are subject to a number of other risks, including liquidity risk (the possibility that the derivative may be difficult to purchase or sell and the Adviser may be unable to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price), leverage risk (the possibility that adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate or index can result in loss of an amount substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative), interest rate risk (some derivatives are more sensitive to interest rate changes and market price fluctuations), and counterparty risk (the risk that a counterparty may be unable to perform according to a contract, and that any deterioration in a counterparty’s creditworthiness could adversely affect the instrument). In addition, because derivative products are highly specialized, investment techniques and risk analyses employed with respect to investments in derivatives are different from those associated with stocks and bonds. Finally, a Fund’s use of derivatives may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally taxed as ordinary income) than if the Fund had not used such instruments. Derivative instruments are also subject to the risk that the market value of an instrument will change to the detriment of a Fund. If the Adviser inaccurately forecasts the values of securities, currencies or interest rates or other economic factors in using derivatives, a Fund might have been in a better position if it had not entered into the transaction at all. Some strategies involving derivative instruments can reduce the risk of loss, but they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other investments held by a Fund. A Fund may also have to buy or sell a security at a disadvantageous time or price because regulations require funds to maintain offsetting positions or asset coverage in connection with certain derivatives transactions.

 

The SAI provides a more detailed description of the types of derivative instruments in which a Fund may invest and their associated risks.

 

Equity Securities

 

A Fund may invest in equity securities, which include common, preferred, and convertible preferred stocks and securities with values that are tied to the price of stocks, such as rights, warrants, and convertible debt securities. Common and

 

23

 

 

  

 

preferred stocks represent equity ownership in a company. The price of equity securities can fluctuate, at times dramatically, based on changes in a company’s financial condition and overall market and economic conditions. The value of equity securities purchased by a Fund could decline if the financial condition of the companies decline or if overall market and economic conditions deteriorate.

 

Many factors affect an individual company’s performance, such as the strength of its management or the demand for its product or services, and a company’s performance may also be impacted by developments affecting the particular issuer or its industry or geographic sector. As a result, individual companies may not perform as anticipated. Furthermore, stock markets in which a Fund invests may experience periods of turbulence and instability and domestic and global economies may go through periods of decline and change, which may negatively impact the price of equity securities.

 

A Fund may invest in securities of varying market capitalizations. Investments in high quality or “blue chip” equity securities or securities of established companies with large market capitalizations, like those with small market capitalizations, can be negatively impacted by poor overall market and economic conditions. Companies with large market capitalizations may also have less growth potential than smaller companies and may be able to react less quickly to changes in the marketplace. Convertible securities, like fixed-income securities, tend to increase in value when interest rates decline and decrease in value when interest rates increase and may also be affected by changes in the value of the underlying common stock into which the securities may be converted. Convertible securities with longer maturities tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates and more volatile than convertible securities with shorter maturities. In addition, issuers of convertible securities that pay fixed interest and dividends may default on interest or principal payments, and an issuer may have the right to buy back certain convertible securities at a time and a price that is unfavorable to a Fund.

 

Foreign Securities Risk

 

The Fund may invest in American Depositary Receipts (ADRs). ADRs are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign-based issuer held in trust by a bank or similar financial institution. They are alternatives to the direct purchase of the underlying securities in their national markets and currencies. ADRs are subject to risks similar to those associated with direct investment in foreign securities. Foreign investments can involve significant risks in addition to the risks inherent in U.S. investments. Such risks include adverse political and economic developments or social instability; the imposition of foreign withholding taxes or exchange controls; expropriation or nationalization; currency blockage (which could prevent cash from being brought back to the United States); the impact of exchange rate and foreign currency fluctuations on the market value of foreign securities; more limited availability of public information regarding security issuers; the degree of governmental supervision regarding securities markets; different accounting, auditing and financial standards; and difficulties in enforcing legal rights (particularly with regard to depository receipts in which the holders may not have the same rights as shareholders).

 

Geographic Risk

 

Funds that are less diversified across countries or geographic regions are generally riskier than more geographically diversified funds. Because the Fund’s investments may be in a limited number of countries, it is more exposed to those countries’ or regions’ economic cycles, currency exchange rates, stock market valuations and political risks compared with a more geographically diversified fund.

 

Government-Sponsored Enterprises (“GSEs”)

 

Certain GSEs (such as Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and FHLB), although sponsored or chartered by the U.S. Government, are not funded by the U.S. Government and the securities they issue are not guaranteed by the U.S. Government. GSE debt is generally considered to be of high credit quality due to the implied backing of the U.S. Government, but ultimately it is the sole obligation of its issuer. For that reason, securities issued by GSEs are considered to carry somewhat greater credit risk than securities issued by the U.S. Treasury or government agencies that carry the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.

 

Growth Stocks

 

Growth oriented stocks may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than other stocks. The market prices of companies believed to have good prospects for revenues and earnings growth tend to reflect those expectations. When it appears those expectations will not be met, the prices of these securities typically fall. In addition, if the market does not come to share the Adviser’s assessment of an investment’s long term growth, a Fund may underperform other mutual funds or stock indexes.

 

Liquidity Risk

 

Liquidity risk is financial risk due to uncertain liquidity. An institution might lose liquidity if its credit rating falls, it experiences sudden unexpected cash outflows, or some other event causes counterparties to avoid trading with or lending to the institution. A firm is also exposed to liquidity risk if markets on which it depends are subject to loss of liquidity. Derivative based securities and privately issued mortgage related securities and other asset backed securities, which do not have a government or government sponsored guarantee, that are subject to substantial market and credit risk may have greater liquidity risk. Less liquid securities may trade infrequently, trade at a smaller volume, and be quite volatile. This means that they may be harder to purchase or sell at a fair price or quickly enough to prevent or minimize loss.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk

 

The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Market Risk

 

Securities markets are volatile and can decline significantly in response to issuer, political, market, and economic developments. Historically, markets have moved in cycles, and the value of a Fund’s securities may fluctuate drastically from day to day. A Fund’s portfolio securities can be affected by events that affect the

 

24

 

 

 

EMERALD FUNDS

 

securities markets generally or particular segments of the market in which the Fund has invested. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by such companies may suffer a decline in response. These factors contribute to price volatility, which is a principal risk of investing in a Fund.

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk

 

Portfolio turnover refers to the rate at which the securities held by the Fund are replaced. The higher the rate, the higher the transactional and brokerage costs associated with the turnover, which will reduce the Fund’s return unless the securities traded can be bought and sold without corresponding commission costs. Active trading of securities may also increase the Fund’s realized capital gains or losses, which may affect the taxes you pay as a Fund shareholder.

 

Real Estate Securities and REITs

 

The Funds do not concentrate investments in opportunities in the real estate industry but may otherwise invest in real estate related securities, which may pose certain risks associated with investments in entities focused on real estate activities. Real estate investment trusts or “REITs” are issuers that invest in interests in real estate, including mortgages. Investing in REITs may subject a Fund to risks similar to those associated with the direct ownership of real estate, including fluctuations in the value of underlying properties and defaults by borrowers or tenants. REITs may not be diversified and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency and self liquidation. REITs are also subject to the possibilities of failing to qualify for tax free pass through of income under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”), and failing to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. REITs may have limited financial resources, trade less frequently and in a limited volume, and be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than more widely held securities. In addition, the organizational documents of a REIT may give the trust’s sponsors the ability to control the operation of the REIT even though another person or entity could own a majority of the interests of the trust. These trusts may also contain provisions which would delay or make a change in control of the REIT difficult.

 

A Fund is also subject to the risks associated with direct ownership of real estate. Real estate values can fluctuate as a result of general and local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, regulatory limitations on rents, changes in neighborhood values, changes in the appeal of properties to tenants, increases in interest rates, and defaults by borrowers or tenants. The value of equities that service the real estate business sector may also be affected by such risks.

 

Repurchase Agreements

 

Repurchase agreements are transactions in which an institution (e.g., a bank or securities firm) sells a Fund a security at one price and agrees to repurchase that security at a higher price, normally within a seven day period. Each repurchase agreement entered into by a Fund will be fully collateralized at all times during the period of the agreement by securities in which the Fund can invest. If a seller becomes subject to bankruptcy or other insolvency proceedings or fails to repurchase a security from a Fund, the Fund may incur losses including as a result of (a) a possible decline in value of the underlying security during the period while the Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto, (b) a possible lack of access to income on the underlying security during this period, and (c) expenses of enforcing its rights.

 

Restricted, Illiquid and Convertible Securities

 

Certain securities generally trade in lower volume and may be less liquid than securities of large established companies. These less liquid securities could include securities of small- and mid-sized non-U.S. companies, high-yield securities, convertible securities, unrated debt and convertible securities, securities that originate from small offerings, and foreign securities, particularly those from companies in emerging markets. If a security is illiquid, a Fund may not be able to sell the security at a time and/or price at which the Adviser might wish to sell, which means that the Fund could lose money. In addition, the security could have the effect of decreasing the overall level of the Fund’s liquidity. Further, the lack of an established secondary market may make it more difficult to value illiquid securities, which could vary from the amount a Fund could realize upon disposition. Restricted securities (i.e., securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale) may be illiquid. However, some restricted securities may be treated as liquid, although they may be less liquid than registered securities traded on established secondary markets.

 

Securities Issued By Other Investment Companies

 

A Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies, including, but not limited to, other mutual funds, money market funds, ETFs, HOLDRs, unit investment trusts, and closed-end funds, to gain exposure to a particular portion of the market rather than purchase securities directly. Investing in another investment company exposes a Fund to all the risks of that investment company, and, in general, subjects it to a pro rata portion of the other investment company’s fees and expenses.

 

Sector Risk

 

Sector risk is the possibility that all stocks within the same group of industries will decline in price due to sector-specific market or economic developments. The Fund may be overweight in certain sectors at various times.

 

Small or Medium Capitalization Stocks Risk

 

Investment in securities of medium-or small-sized companies presents greater investment risks than investing in the securities of larger companies. These risks include greater price volatility, greater sensitivity to changing economic conditions, and less liquidity than the securities of larger, more mature companies. The trading volume of securities of medium-sized or smaller companies is normally less than that of larger companies and, therefore, may disproportionately affect their market price, tending to make prices fall more in response to selling pressure than is the case with larger companies. Medium-sized or smaller companies may also have limited markets, product lines, or financial resources, and may lack management experience.

 

25

 

 

 

 

Tax

 

The federal income tax treatment of the complex securities in which a Fund may invest may not be clear or may be subject to recharacterization by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”). It could be more difficult to comply with the tax requirements applicable to regulated investment companies if the tax characterization of investments or the tax treatment of the income from such investments were successfully challenged by the IRS. In addition, a Fund’s use of derivatives may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally taxed as ordinary income) than if the Fund had not used such instruments.

 

Value Stocks

 

Although a Fund may invest in securities that the Adviser believes to be undervalued, such securities may, in fact, be appropriately priced. There is no guarantee that the price of a security believed to be undervalued will not decline. In addition, the markets may favor growth stocks over stocks that are undervalued.

 

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

 

The Trust’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio securities are described in the Funds’ SAI.

 

Management

 

Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust (“Emerald” or the “Adviser”), subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees, is responsible for the overall management and administration of each Fund’s business affairs. The Adviser commenced business operations in 2005 and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment adviser. Emerald is located at 3175 Oregon Pike, Leola, Pennsylvania 17540. Emerald is a wholly owned subsidiary of Emerald Advisers, LLC, the former investment advisor to these Funds, and is located at the same address as that of Emerald. As of June 30, 2019, Emerald Advisers, LLC and its affiliates had approximately $5.2 billion in assets under management.

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund pays the Adviser an annual management fee of 1% based on the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund’s average daily net assets, the Emerald Growth Fund pays the adviser an annual management fee of 0.75% based on the Emerald Growth Fund’s average daily net assets, the Emerald Insights Fund pays the Adviser an annual management fee of 0.75% based on the Emerald Insights Fund’s average daily net assets, and the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund pays the Adviser an annual management fee of 0.75% based on the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund’s average daily net assets. The management fee is paid on a monthly basis. The current term of the Advisory Agreement is one year. The Board may extend the Advisory Agreement for additional one-year terms. The Board, shareholders of the Fund, or the Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ notice. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the renewal of the Advisory Agreement with respect to each Fund was provided in the Funds’ annual report to shareholders for the period ended April 30, 2019. Fees are subject to the following breakpoints:

 

Emerald Banking and Finance Fund

1.00% up to and including $100,000,000

0.90% in excess of $100,000,000

Emerald Growth Fund

0.75% up to and including $250 million

0.65% over $250 million up to and including $500 million

0.55% over $500 million up to and including $750 million

0.45% over $750 million

Emerald Insights Fund

0.75% up to and including $250 million

0.65% over $250 million up to and including $500 million

0.55% over $500 million up to and including $750 million

0.45% over $750 million

Emerald Small Cap Value Fund

0.75% up to and including $250 million

0.65% over $250 million up to and including $500 million

0.55% over $500 million up to and including $750 million

0.45% over $750 million

 

Emerald has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its fees and reimburse other expenses in amounts necessary to limit the Fund’s operating expenses (exclusive of Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expense) for each of its Funds. For the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund for Class A, Class C, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares to an annual rate (as percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets) of 1.84%, 2.49%, 1.54% and 1.89% respectively; for the Emerald Growth Fund for Class A, Class C, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares to an annual rate (as percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets) of 1.29%, 1.94%, 0.99% and 1.34% respectively; for the Emerald Insights Fund for Class A, Class C, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares to an annual rate (as percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets) of 1.35%, 2.00%, 1.05% and 1.40%, respectively; and for the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund for Class A, Class C, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares to an annual rate (as percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets) of 1.35%, 2.00%, 1.00% and 1.25%, respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2019. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that the Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fees and expenses were deferred. The Adviser may not discontinue this waiver, prior to August 31, 2020, without the approval by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

During the most recent fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, each Fund paid the following annual advisory fee as a percentage of daily net assets (net of waivers) to the Fund’s investment advisor. Daily investment decisions are made by the portfolio managers, whose investment experience is described below under the heading “Portfolio Managers.”

 

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EMERALD FUNDS

 

Fund Name

Total Annual
Advisory Fee
(as a percentage of
daily net assets)

Annual advisory fee to
investment adviser
(as a percentage of
daily net assets)

Emerald Banking and Finance Fund

1.00%

0.92%

Emerald Growth Fund

0.75%

0.56%

Emerald Insights Fund

0.75%

0.00%

Emerald Small Cap Value Fund

0.75%

0.00%

 

The Portfolio Managers

 

More information about each manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by each manager and each manager’s ownership of securities in the Funds is included in the SAI.

 

The portfolio managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day operation of the Fund. Each of the persons listed below has served as the Fund’s portfolio manager from the Fund’s inception. Where more than one portfolio manager is identified, the Fund’s portfolio managers collectively arrive at investment decisions.

 

FUND

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

PAST 5 YEARS’ BUSINESS EXPERIENCE

Emerald Banking and Finance Fund

Kenneth G. Mertz II, CFA®*

Mr. Mertz has been the Chief Investment Officer & President of Emerald since 2005 and of Emerald Advisers, LLC since October 1992. Before joining Emerald, Mr. Mertz was the Chief Investment Officer to the Pennsylvania State Employees’ Retirement System.

Emerald Banking and Finance Fund

Steven E. Russell, Esq.

Mr. Russell is an Assistant Vice President for Emerald and Assistant Vice President of Emerald Advisers, LLC. Prior to rejoining Emerald Advisers in 2005, Mr. Russell founded a registered investment adviser and served as Managing Director of a private equity firm. Mr. Russell served as a portfolio manager and officer of Emerald Advisers from 1998 to 2004. He has also served as a portfolio manager for the Pennsylvania Public School Employee’s Retirement System.

Emerald Growth Fund

Kenneth G. Mertz II, CFA®

Mr. Mertz’s biographical information appears above.

Emerald Growth Fund

Stacey L. Sears

Ms. Sears is Vice President of Emerald Advisers, LLC and of Emerald. Ms. Sears was employed by Emerald’s parent company from 1992 to 2001, and from 1995 to 2000, served as a Research Analyst. She became an assistant portfolio manager to Mr. Mertz in 2001. In 2002, Ms. Sears became a Portfolio Manager.

Emerald Growth Fund

Joseph W. Garner

Mr. Garner is the Director of Research for Emerald Advisers, a position he has held since January 1995. Mr. Garner has been employed by Emerald Advisers, since April 1994 as an analyst, focusing on small to mid size firms. He holds an M.B.A.

Emerald Insights Fund

David A. Volpe, CFA®*, Portfolio Manager

Mr. Volpe is Managing Director of Emerald Advisers and has over 25 years of investment experience. He is Portfolio Manager of the Emerald MidCap Growth product and the Emerald All Cap Growth product. Mr. Volpe joined Emerald in 2000. Mr. Volpe maintains research coverage of the Energy industry. Prior to joining Emerald, he served as First Deputy City Controller of the City of Philadelphia, and also Chief Investment Officer of the Philadelphia Gas Works Pension System. Prior to working for the City of Philadelphia, Mr. Volpe was a senior budget analyst for the Pennsylvania State Senate Appropriations Committee, and served as an alternate member on both the Pennsylvania State Employees’ and Pennsylvania School Employees’ Retirement Systems. Mr. Volpe is a board member of NHS Human Services and a member of the CFA Institute. Mr. Volpe earned a BA in Political Science from Potsdam College and a Masters in Public Administration from Penn State University.

Emerald Insights Fund

Stephen L. Amsterdam, Associate Portfolio Manager

Mr. Amsterdam is an Associate Portfolio Manager and Senior Research Analyst for Emerald and has over 25 years of public and private investment experience. Mr. Amsterdam has been a member of the Emerald research team since 2001. He has been responsible for research on numerous industry categories, with the majority in the technology segment. Prior to joining Emerald, Mr. Amsterdam spent a decade in increasingly responsible positions in technology venture capital, most recently in the role of managing director. He has advised numerous companies on strategy and competitive positioning and served as a board member of seven early stage technology companies. Mr. Amsterdam graduated from Lehigh University with a B.S. degree in Finance.

 

27

 

 

 

 

 

FUND

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

PAST 5 YEARS’ BUSINESS EXPERIENCE

Emerald Insights Fund

Joseph Horvorka, Associate Portfolio Manager

Mr. Hovorka is a member of the All Cap and Mid Cap Growth Portfolio Management teams and a Senior Research Analyst focusing on consumer discretionary companies. He joined Emerald in July 2016. Joe spent 20 years on the sell-side most recently serving as Managing Director of equity research at Raymond James. While at Raymond James, he covered the Leisure and Entertainment industries and was part of the team that took several companies public. He is a graduate of Cleveland State University.

Emerald Small Cap Value Fund

Ori Elan

Mr. Elan has served as the portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception, and was portfolio manager of the Predecessor Fund since the Predecessor Fund’s inception in 2012. Previously Mr. Elan was Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of Elessar Investment Management. Mr. Elan was hired in 2004 as an equity analyst on the small cap value team at National City Bank. Prior to joining National City Bank, Mr. Elan was a financial analyst and chemical engineer at Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Mr. Elan received a B.S. degree in chemical engineering from the City College of New York in 1991 and an MBA from the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University in 2003.

Emerald Small Cap Value Fund

Steven E. Russell, Esq.

Associate Portfolio Manager

Mr. Russell’s biographical information appears above.

 

*

CFA® and Chartered Financial Analyst® are trademarks owned by CFA Institute.

 

Administrator, Distributor and Transfer Agent of the Funds

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”) serves as the Funds’ administrator, fund accounting agent and transfer agent. ALPS Distributors, Inc. (“ADI” or the “Distributor”) serves as the Funds’ distributor.

 

Buying, Exchanging and Redeeming Shares

 

Effective December 31, 2015, the Emerald Growth Fund closed to new investors, seeking to purchase shares of the Fund either directly or through third-party intermediaries, subject to certain exceptions for financial advisers whose clients have established accounts in the Fund and existing or new participants in a qualified retirement plan, such as a 401(k) plan, profit sharing plan, 403(b) plan or 457 plan, which has an existing position in the Fund as of December 31, 2015. Existing shareholders of the Fund may continue to purchase additional shares of the Fund. The Fund retains the right to make exceptions to any action taken to close the Fund or limit inflows into the Fund.

 

Each Fund currently offers Class A, Class C, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares. Each share class of a Fund represents an investment in the same portfolio of securities, but each share class has its own sales charge and expense structure, allowing you to choose the class that best meets your situation. When you purchase shares of a Fund, you must choose a share class.

 

Factors you should consider in choosing a class of shares include:

 

how long you expect to own the shares;

how much you intend to invest;

total expenses associated with owning shares of each class; and

whether you qualify for any reduction or waiver of sales charges (for example, Class A shares may be a less expensive option over time if you qualify for a sales charge reduction or waiver).

 

Class A, Class C and Investor Class shares are generally available directly or in connection with investments through retirement plans, broker-dealers, bank trust departments, financial advisors and other financial intermediaries.

 

Institutional Class shares are sold primarily to investors purchasing through a fee-based program with their investment adviser or broker dealer, through a 401(k) plan In which they participate, or, for certain institutional investors through direct purchases from a Fund in quantities of $1 million or more. Institutional investors may include, but are not limited to: corporations, retirement plans, public plans and foundations/endowments.

 

Not all financial intermediaries offer all classes of shares. Each investor’s financial considerations are different. You should speak with your financial advisor to help you decide which share class is best for you. If your financial intermediary offers more than one class of shares, you should carefully consider which class of shares to purchase. Certain classes have higher expenses than other classes, which may lower the return on your investment.

 

Distribution and Services (12b-1) Plan for Class A and Investor Class Shares

 

Each Fund has adopted a separate plan of distribution for its Class A and Investor Class shares, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (each, a “Plan” and collectively, the “Plans”).

 

Under the terms of the Plans, the Funds are authorized to make payments to the Distributor for remittance to financial intermediaries, as a pay compensation for distribution and/or shareholder on-going services to performed by such financial intermediaries for beneficial shareholders of the Funds. The Plans permit payment for services and related expenses in connection with a financial intermediary’s administration of mutual fund distribution platforms that offer Class A and/or Investor Class shares of the Funds.

 

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EMERALD FUNDS

 

The Plans permit each Fund to make payments at an annual rate of up to 0.35% of a Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to its Class A shares and 0.25% of a Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to its Investor Class shares. Because these fees are paid out of a Fund’s Class A and Investor Class Shares’ assets on an ongoing basis, over time they will increase the cost of an investment in Class A and Investor Class shares, and Plan fees may cost an investor more than other types of sales charges.

 

The Distributor may retain some or all compensation payable pursuant to the Plans under certain circumstances, including but not limited to, such as if a financial intermediary resigns as the broker/dealer of record, or such financial intermediary fails to meet certain eligibility standards to be able to continue to be the broker/dealer of record.

 

Distribution and Services (12b-1) Plan and Shareholder Services Plan for Class C Shares

 

Each Fund has adopted a plan of distribution for its Class C shares, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (each, a “Class C Distribution Plan” and collectively, the “Class C Distribution Plans”).

 

The Class C Distribution Plans allow each Fund, as applicable, to use Class C shares’ assets to pay compensation in connection with the distribution and marketing of Class C shares. Each Class Distribution Plan permits payment for services in connection with the administration of programs that use Class C shares of a Fund as their funding medium and for related expenses.

 

The Class C Distribution Plans permit each Fund to make payments at an annual rate of up to 0.75% of a Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to its Class C shares. Because these fees are paid out of a Fund’s Class C shares’ assets on an ongoing basis, over time they will increase the cost of an investment in Class C shares, and Class C Distribution Plan fees may cost an investor more than other types of sales charges.

 

Furthermore, each Fund’s Class C shares has also adopted a shareholder servicing plan on behalf of Class C shares (each, a “Class C Services Plan” and collectively, the “Class C Service Plans”). Each Fund’s Class C shares is, under the terms of its Class C Services Plan, authorized to make payments to ADI as compensation to financial intermediaries for providing on-going shareholder liaison services performed by such financial intermediaries on behalf of a Fund’s Class C shareholders.

 

The Class C Services Plans permit each Fund, as applicable, to make payments at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of a Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to its Class C shares. Because these service fees are paid out of a Fund’s Class C shares’ assets on an ongoing basis, over time they will increase the cost of an investment in Class C shares, and Class C Services Plan fees may cost an investor more than other types of sales charges.

 

Under the Class C Distribution Plans and Class C Service Plans, the Distributor is entitled to retain all fees paid under the Class C Distribution Plans and Class C Services Plans for the first 12 months on any investment in Class C shares to recoup expenses with respect to the payment of commissions on sales of Class C shares. Financial intermediaries will become eligible to receive such compensation beginning in the 13th month following the purchase of Class C shares. However, the Distributor may, pursuant to a written agreement between the Distributor and a particular financial intermediary, pay such financial intermediary compensation prior to the 13th month following the purchase of Class C shares. The Distributor may retain some or all compensation payable in certain circumstances, including but not limited to, when certain qualification standards have not been met by a financial intermediary.

 

Shareholder Services Plan for Institutional Class and Investor Class Shares

 

Each Fund, except for the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund, has adopted a non-Rule 12b-1 shareholder services plan with respect to the Funds’ Institutional Class shares, and each Fund, except for the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund, has adopted a non-Rule 12b-1 shareholder services plan with respect to the Funds Investor Class shares (each a “Services Plan” and collectively the “Services Plans”). Under the Services Plans, a Fund is authorized to pay select financial intermediaries and/or Fund affiliates (“Participating Organizations”), for non-distribution related services provided to shareholders of each respective class.

 

Payments under the Services Plans are calculated daily and paid monthly, and the aggregate fees on an annual basis are not to exceed 0.05% for Institutional Class shares of the average daily net asset value of the Institutional Class shares of a Fund and 0.15% for Investor Class shares of the average daily net asset value of the Investor Class shares of a Fund on assets held in the name of a Participating Organization. The foregoing fees are paid as compensation to the Participating Organization for providing some are all of the following on-going services: (i) establishing and maintaining Fund shareholder accounts, (ii) aggregating, processing and transmitting Fund shareholder orders and instructions regarding accounts, (ii) processing dividend and other distribution payments from each Fund on behalf of shareholders, (iv) preparing reports or forms on behalf of shareholders, (v) forwarding communications from each Fund to shareholders, and (vi) providing such other similar services as applicable statutes, rules or regulations permit. None of the aforementioned services includes distribution related services or activities. Any amount of such payment not paid during the Fund’s fiscal year for such service activities shall be reimbursed to such Fund. Any amount of such payment not paid during a Fund’s fiscal year for such service activities shall be reimbursed to such Fund as soon as practicable after the end of the fiscal year.

 

Because these services fees are paid out of assets attributable to each Fund’s Institutional Class and Investor Class shares on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of an investment in such shares and may cost more than other types of sales charges.

 

Networking, Sub-Accounting and Administrative Fees

 

Select financial intermediaries may enter into arrangements with each Fund, or its designees, to perform certain networking, recordkeeping, sub-accounting and/or administrative services for shareholders each Fund. These activities are routinely processed through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s Fund/SERV and Trust Networking systems or similar systems. In consideration for providing these services in an automated environment, such financial intermediaries may receive

 

29

 

 

 

 

compensation from each Fund. Any such compensation by each Fund to these select financial intermediaries for the aforementioned services are in addition to any distribution related services provided to applicable Fund shareholders.

 

Payments to Select Financial Intermediaries and Other Arrangements

 

The Adviser and/or its affiliates may enter into arrangements to make payments for additional activities to select financial intermediaries intended to result in the sale of Fund shares and/or other shareholder servicing activities out of the Adviser’s own resources (which may include profits from providing advisory services to each Fund). These payments are often referred to as “revenue sharing payments” and the revenue sharing payment amount generally vary by financial intermediary. The aggregate amount of the revenue sharing payments are determined by the Adviser and may be substantial. Revenue sharing payments create no additional cost to each Fund or its applicable shareholders.

 

Revenue sharing payments may create an incentive for a financial intermediary or its employees or associated persons to recommend or sell shares of each Fund to you, rather than shares of another mutual fund. Please contact your financial intermediary’s investment professional for details about revenue sharing payments it may be receiving.

 

Tax Information

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Funds’ distributions will be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s Web site for more information.

 

Investment Minimums

 

You can open an account and make an initial purchase of any class shares of the Funds directly from the Funds or through a financial intermediary that has established an agreement with the Funds’ distributor. Certain classes thereof may not be available for purchase in your state of residence. Please check with your financial intermediary to ensure your eligibility to purchase a Fund or a class of a Fund.

 

Purchases, exchanges and redemptions can generally be made directly or through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms. You should contact your financial intermediary or refer to your plan documents for information on how to invest in the Fund. Requests must be received in good order by the Fund or its agent (financial intermediary or plan sponsor, if applicable) prior to the close of the regular trading session of the New York Stock Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time ) in order to receive that day’s net asset value.

 

The minimum initial investment in Class A, Class C and Investor Class shares is $2,000 for non-qualified accounts and $1,000 for qualified accounts. The minimum initial investment in Institutional Class shares is $1,000,000. The minimum subsequent investment is $100 for Class A, Class C and Investor Class shares. There is no minimum subsequent investment for Institutional Class shares. Investors generally may meet the minimum investment amount by aggregating multiple accounts within the Fund.

 

Each Fund reserves the right to waive or change investment minimums. For accounts sold through financial intermediaries, it is the primary responsibility of the financial intermediary to ensure compliance with investment minimums.

 

Buying Shares

 

Shares may be purchased, exchanged or redeemed directly or through retirement plans, broker-dealers, bank trust departments, financial advisers or other financial intermediaries. Shares made available through full service broker-dealers may be available through wrap accounts under which such broker-dealers impose additional fees for services connected to the wrap account. Contact your financial intermediary or refer to your plan documents for instructions on how to purchase, exchange or redeem shares.

 

In order to buy, redeem or exchange shares at that day’s price, you must place your order with the Fund or its agent before the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) closes (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time). If the NYSE closes early, you must place your order prior to the actual closing time. Orders received by financial intermediaries prior to the close of trading on the NYSE will be confirmed at the offering price computed as of the close of the trading on the NYSE. It is the responsibility of the financial intermediary to insure that all orders are transmitted in a timely manner to the Fund. Otherwise, you will receive the next business day’s price.

 

Investors may be charged a fee if they effect transactions through broker or agent. The Funds have authorized one or more brokers to receive on their behalf purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on a Fund’s behalf. A Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s authorized designee, receives the order. Customer orders will be priced at a Fund’s net asset value next computed after they are received by an authorized broker or the broker’s authorized designee.

 

With certain limited exceptions, each Fund is available only to U.S. citizens or residents.

 

The Funds will generally accept purchases only in US dollars drawn from US financial institutions. Cashier’s checks, third party checks, money orders, credit card convenience checks, cash or equivalents or payments in foreign currencies are not acceptable forms of payment. You may also contact the Funds to request a purchase of Funds shares using securities you own. The Funds reserves the right to refuse or accept such requests in whole or in part.

 

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EMERALD FUNDS

 

Sales Charge When You Purchase Shares

 

Below is a summary of certain features of Class A and Class C shares:

 

 

Class A

Class C

Initial Sales Charge

Up to 4.75%(1)

None

Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (“CDSC”)

None, except on certain redemptions of Share purchased without an initial sales charge(2)

1.00% on Shares redeemed within twelve months of purchase(3)

Distribution and
Service Fees

0.35%

1.00%***

Dividends

Generally higher than Class C due to lower annual expenses

Generally lower than Class A due to higher annual expenses

Typical Shareholder

Generally more appropriate for long-term investors

Generally more appropriate for short-term investors

 

(1)

Based on the amount you invest in a Fund.

 

(2)

See Contingent Deferred Sales Charge-Class A shares below.

 

(3)

See Contingent Deferred Sales Charge-C Shares below

 

Class A Shares

The following table lists the sales charges that will be applied to your purchase of Class A shares, subject to the breakpoint discounts indicated in the tables and described below. The offering price is the net asset value (“NAV”) per share plus the front-end sales load. Sales charges are not applicable to reinvestments of dividends or other distributions.

 

Purchase Amount

Sales Charge as a Percentage of:

Dealer Concession
as a Percentage of
Offering Price

 

Offering Price*

NAV

 

Less than $50,000

4.75%

4.99%

4.25%

$50,000 to $249,999.99

3.75%

3.90%

3.25%

$250,000 to $499,999.99

2.75%

2.83%

2.50%

$500,000 to $999,999.99

2.25%

2.30%

2.00%

$1 million or greater

0.00%

0.00%

Up to 0.50%

 

*

“Offering Price” includes the front-end sales load.

 

CDSC for Class A Shares

If your account value, including the amount of your current investment, totals $1 million or more, you will not pay a front-end sales charge on the current investment amount. The Distributor may pay the selling financial intermediary up to 0.50% of the offering price. However, if you sell these shares (for which you did not pay a front-end sales charge) within twelve months of purchase, you will pay a contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) of 0.50%. The amount of CDSC is determined as a percentage of the lesser of the current market value or the cost of the shares being redeemed. The Funds will use the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method to determine the twelve-month holding period for the CDSC. The date of the redemption will be compared to the earliest purchase date of Class A shares not subject to a sales charge held in the redeeming shareholder’s account. The CDSC will be charged if the holding period is less than twelve months, using the anniversary date of a transaction to determine the “twelve-month” mark. The CDSC primarily goes to the Distributor as reimbursement for the portion of the dealer concession paid to financial intermediaries.

 

Class A shares acquired by reinvestment of dividends are not subject to the CDSC. CDSC waivers are available in certain circumstances. For information regarding waivers, please see “Waiver of CDSC” below.

 

Class C Shares

There is no sales load on the purchase of Class C shares. The offering price is the NAV per share. A contingent deferred sales charge or “CDSC” of 1.00% may apply to Class C shares redeemed within the first 12 months. See Section titled “Contingent Deferred Sales Charge” below. The maximum purchase amount for Class C shares is $999,999.99. Purchases of $1 million or more are invested in Class A shares because Class A shares’ annual expenses are lower.

 

Institutional Class and Investor Class Shares

Institutional Class and Investor Class shares do not charge an initial sales load.

 

Qualifying For A Reduction Or Waiver Of Class A Shares Sales Charge

 

You may be able to lower your Class A shares initial sales charge under certain circumstances. You can combine Class A shares you already own with your current purchase of Class A shares of a Fund to take advantage of the breakpoints in the sales charge schedule as set forth above. Certain circumstances under which you may combine such ownership of shares and purchases are described below. Contact your financial intermediary for more information.

 

In order to obtain a sales charge discount, you should inform your financial intermediary of other accounts in which there are Fund holdings eligible to be aggregated to meet a sales charge breakpoint. These other accounts may include the accounts described below in “Aggregating Accounts.” You may need to provide documents such as account statements or confirmation statements to prove that the accounts are eligible for aggregation. The Letter of Intent described below requires historical cost information in certain circumstances. You should retain records necessary to show the price you paid to purchase Fund shares, as a Fund, its agents, or your financial intermediary may not retain this information.

 

A Fund may waive Class A sales charges on investor purchases including shares purchased by:

 

Officers, directors, trustees and employees of the adviser and its affiliates;

Registered representatives and employees of financial intermediaries with a current selling agreement with the Distributor or the adviser;

Immediate family members of all such persons as described above;

Financial intermediaries who have entered into an agreement with the distributor to offer shares to self-directed investment brokerage accounts that may or may not charge a transaction fee to its customers; and

Financial intermediary supermarkets and fee-based platforms.

 

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Whether a sales charge waiver is available for your retirement plan or charitable account depends upon the policies and procedures of your intermediary. Please consult your financial adviser for further information.

 

Descriptions of sales charge waivers and/or discounts for Class A Shares with respect to certain financial intermediaries are reproduced in “Appendix A – Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Waivers and Discounts” to this prospectus based on information provided by the financial intermediary.

 

Right of Accumulation

 

You may purchase Class A shares at a reduced initial sales charge determined by aggregating the dollar amount of the new purchase (measured by the offering price) and the total prior days net asset value (net amount invested) of all Class A shares of a Fund and of certain other classes then held by you, or held in accounts identified under “Aggregating Accounts,” and applying the sales charge applicable to such aggregate amount. In order to obtain such discount, you must provide sufficient information to your financial intermediary at the time of purchase to permit verification that the purchase qualifies for the reduced sales charge. The right of accumulation is subject to modification or discontinuance at any time with respect to all shares purchased thereafter.

 

Letter of Intent

 

You may obtain a reduced initial sales charge on Class A shares by signing a Letter of Intent indicating your intention to purchase an additional number of Class A shares over a 13-month period that would entitle you to a discount. The term of the Letter of Intent will commence upon the date you sign the Letter of Intent. You must refer to such Letter of Intent when placing orders. With regard to a Letter of Intent, the amount of investment for purposes of applying the sales load schedule includes (i) the historical cost (what you actually paid for the shares at the time of purchase, including any sales charges) of all Class A shares acquired during the term of the Letter of Intent, minus (ii) the value of any redemptions of Class A shares made during the term of the Letter of Intent. Each investment made during the period receives the reduced sales charge applicable to the total amount of the investment goal. A portion of shares purchased may be held in escrow to pay for any sales charge that may be applicable. If the goal is not achieved within the period, you must pay the difference between the sales charges applicable to the purchases made and the charges previously paid, or an appropriate number of escrowed shares will be redeemed. Please contact your financial intermediary to obtain a Letter of Intent application.

 

Aggregating Accounts

 

To take advantage of lower Class A shares initial sales charges on large purchases or through the exercise of a Letter of Intent or right of accumulation, investments made by you, your spouse and your children under age 21 may be aggregated if made for your own account(s) and/or certain other accounts such as:

 

trust accounts established by the above individuals (or the accounts of the primary beneficiary of the trust if the person who established the trust is deceased);

solely controlled business accounts; and

single participant retirement plans.

 

To receive a reduced sales charge under rights of accumulation or a Letter of Intent, you must notify your financial intermediary of any eligible accounts that you, your spouse and your children under age 21 have at the time of your purchase.

 

Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

 

Class C Shares

There is a 1% CDSC on any Class C shares you sell within 12 months of purchase. The CDSC will be based on the lower of the current market value or the cost of the shares being redeemed.

 

Waiver of CDSC

Each Fund may waive the imposition of a CDSC on redemption of Fund shares under certain circumstances and conditions, including without limitation, the following:

 

redemptions following the death or permanent disability (as defined by Section 72(m)(7) of the lnternal Revenue Code) of a shareholder if made within one year of death or the initial determination of permanent disability. The waiver is available only for shares held at the time of death or initial determination of permanent disability; and

required minimum distributions from a tax-deferred retirement plan or an individual retirement account (IRA) as required under the Internal Revenue Code. The waiver of the CDSC for required distributions will be as a percentage of assets held in the Fund.

 

If you think you may be eligible for a CDSC waiver, contact your financial intermediary. You must notify the Fund prior to the redemption request to ensure your receipt of the waiver.

 

Exchanging Shares

 

If you have held all or part of your shares in a Fund for at least seven days, you may exchange those shares for shares of the same class of the other Fund, so long as such Fund is available for sale in your state and meets your investment criteria.

 

Any new account established through an exchange will be subject to all minimum requirements applicable to the shares acquired. The exchange privilege may only be exercised in those states where the class of shares being acquired legally may be sold. If you are an existing shareholder of a Fund, you may exchange into a new account copying your existing account registration and options. Exchanges between accounts will be accepted only if registrations are identical.

 

Before effecting an exchange, you should read the prospectus for the Fund into which you are exchanging.

 

Class A and Class C shareholders may also transfer their Class A or Class C shares into Institutional Class shares of the same Fund if you meet the eligibility requirements for the Institutional class into which you would like to transfer.

 

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EMERALD FUNDS

 

An exchange represents the sale of shares from one fund and the purchase of shares of another fund. Under U.S. federal income tax law, this may produce a taxable gain or loss in non-tax-advantaged accounts. Transfers between classes of a single Fund are generally not considered a taxable transaction.

 

The exchange privilege may be modified or terminated upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to shareholders. Although initially there will be no limit on the number of times you may exercise the exchange privilege, each Fund reserves the right to impose such a limitation. Call or write each Fund for further details.

 

Redeeming Shares

 

It is anticipated that a Fund will meet redemption requests through the sale of portfolio assets or from its holdings in cash or cash equivalents. A Fund may use the proceeds from the sale of portfolio assets to meet redemption requests if consistent with the management of the Fund. These redemption methods will be used regularly and may also be used in stressed or abnormal market conditions, including circumstances adversely affecting the liquidity of a Fund’s investments, in which case a Fund may be more likely to be forced to sell its holdings to meet redemptions than under normal market conditions. Each Fund reserves the right to redeem in kind. Redemptions in kind typically are used to meet redemption requests that represent a large percentage of a Fund’s net assets in order to limit the impact of a large redemption on the Fund and its remaining shareholders. Redemptions in kind may be used in normal as well as in stressed market conditions. A Fund may also borrow, or draw on lines of credit that may be available to the Fund individually or to the Trust, in order to meet redemption requests during stressed market conditions. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund is limited as to the amount that it may borrow and accordingly, borrowings (including those made under a line of credit) might be insufficient to meet redemption requests.

 

Redemptions, like purchases, may generally be effected directly or through retirement plans, broker-dealers and financial intermediaries. Please contact your financial intermediary or refer to the appropriate plan documents for details. Your financial intermediary may charge a processing or service fee in connection with the redemption of shares.

 

Investor Class shareholders may also redeem shares online via www.emeraldmutualfunds.com.

 

Redemption Payments

 

In all cases, your redemption price is the net asset value per share next determined after your request is received in good order. Redemption proceeds normally will be sent within seven days. However, if you recently purchased your shares by check, your redemption proceeds will not be sent to you until your original check clears, which may take up to 10 days. Your redemption proceeds can be sent by check to your address of record or by wire transfer to a bank account designated on your application. Your bank may charge you a fee for wire transfers. Any request that your redemption proceeds be sent to a destination other than your bank account or address of record must be in writing and must include a signature guarantee.

 

The Fund is not responsible for losses or fees resulting from posting delays or non-receipt of redemption payments when shareholder payment instructions are followed

 

Redemptions In-Kind

 

Each Fund reserves the right to make payment in securities rather than cash. If a Fund deems it advisable for the benefit of all shareholders that a redemption payment wholly or partly in-kind would be in the best interests of the Fund’s remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay redemption proceeds to you in whole or in part with securities held by the Fund. A redemption in-kind could occur under extraordinary circumstances, such as a very large redemption that could affect a Fund’s operations (for example, more than 1% of the Fund’s net assets). However, each Fund is required to redeem shares solely for cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the NAV of the Fund during any 90-calendar day period for any one shareholder. Should redemptions by any shareholder exceed such limitation, each Fund will have the option of redeeming the excess in cash or in-kind. Securities used to redeem Fund shares will be valued as described in “How Fund Shares are Priced” below. A shareholder may pay brokerage charges on the sale of any securities received as a result of a redemption in-kind.

 

Note: Each Fund has the right to suspend or postpone redemptions of shares for any period (i) during which the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (ii) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; or (iii) during which (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or as otherwise permitted by the SEC.

 

Intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers or contingent deferred (back-end) sales load (“CDSC”) waivers. In all instances, it is the shareholder’s responsibility to notify the Fund, or the shareholder’s financial intermediary at the time of purchase, of any relationship or other facts qualifying the shareholder for sales charge waivers or discounts. Certain sales charge waivers and/or discounts are described in Appendix A – Intermediary Sales Charge Waivers and Discounts. These sales charge waivers and/or discounts are available only if you purchase your shares through the designated intermediaries. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares through another intermediary to receive these waivers or discounts.

 

Automatic Conversion of Class C Shares to Class A Shares After 8-Year Holding Period

 

Effective May 1, 2019 (the “Effective Date”), each Fund will adopt an automatic conversion feature for Class C Shares. Beginning on the Effective Date, each Class C Share of each Fund will automatically convert to Class A Shares of the same Fund with equivalent aggregate value, approximately eight (8) years after the date of purchase of such Class C Share (“Auto Conversion”).

 

Certain Financial Intermediaries, including group retirement recordkeeping platforms, may not have been tracking such holding periods for Class C Shares and therefore may not be able to process such conversion for Class C Shares held prior to the Effective Date. In these instances, each Class C Share held as of the Effective Date will automatically convert to Class A Shares with equivalent aggregate value

 

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approximately eight (8) years after the Effective Date. If you have any questions regarding your Financial Intermediary’s ability to implement the Auto Conversion feature please contact an authorized agent of your Financial Intermediary for additional information.

 

Share Transactions

 

Small Account Balances/Mandatory Redemptions

 

None of the Funds currently imposes an account minimum. A Fund may adopt other policies from time to time requiring mandatory redemption of shares in certain circumstances, such as to comply with new regulatory requirements. Each Fund reserves the right to waive or change account balance minimums.

 

Share Certificates

 

None of the Funds issues share certificates.

 

IRA and Coverdell Education Savings Accounts

 

An annual IRA and Coverdell Education Savings Account maintenance fee of $10.00 for accounts held directly with the Fund is charged by the custodian on a per account basis.

 

Verification of Shareholder Transaction Statements

 

You must contact the Fund in writing regarding any errors or discrepancies within 60 days after the date of the statement confirming a transaction. The Fund may deny your ability to refute a transaction if it does not hear from you within 60 days after the confirmation statement date.

 

Non-receipt of Purchase Wire/Insufficient Funds Policy

 

The Funds reserve the right to cancel a purchase if payment if the check or electronic funds transfer does not clear your bank, or if a wire is not received by settlement date. A Fund may charge a fee for insufficient funds and you may be responsible for any fees imposed by your bank and any losses that the Fund may incur as a result of the canceled purchase.

 

Frequent Purchases and Sales of Fund Shares

 

The Funds do not permit market timing or other abusive trading practices. The Funds do not accommodate short-term or excessive trading that interferes with the efficient management of a Fund, significantly increases transaction costs or taxes, or may harm a Fund’s performance. The Funds attempt to discover and discourage frequent trading in several ways. The Board has adopted policies and procedures designed to deter frequent purchases, exchanges and redemptions and to seek to prevent market timing. To minimize harm to a Fund and its shareholders, the Fund reserves the right to reject, in its sole discretion, any purchase order from any investor it believes has a history of abusive trading or whose trading, in its judgment, has been or may be disruptive to the Fund. Each Fund may also refuse purchase and exchange transactions from Fund intermediaries it believes may be facilitating or have facilitated abusive trading practices. In making this judgment, each Fund may consider trading done in multiple accounts under common ownership or control.

 

The Funds monitors trade activity monitoring (which may take into account transaction size), and fair value pricing (“Monitoring Methods”). Although these Monitoring Methods are designed to discourage frequent trading, there can be no guarantee that the Funds will be able to identify and restrict investors that engage in such activities. These Monitoring Methods are inherently subjective, and involve a significant degree of judgment in their application. The Funds and their service providers seek to make these judgments and apply these methods uniformly and in a manner that they believe is consistent with the interests of the Funds’ long-term shareholders. These frequent trading policies may be amended in the future to enhance the effectiveness of the program or in response to changes in regulatory requirements.

 

On a periodic basis, the Transfer Agent will review transaction history reports and will identify redemptions that are within a specific time period from a previous purchase or exchange in the same account(s) in a Fund, or in multiple accounts that are known to be under common control. Redemptions meeting the criteria will be investigated for possible inappropriate trading. Trading activity is evaluated to determine whether such activity is indicative of market timing activity or is otherwise detrimental to a Fund. If the Funds believe that a shareholder of a Fund has engaged in short-term or excessive trading activity to the detriment of the Fund and its long-term shareholders, the Funds may, in their sole discretion, request the shareholder to stop such trading activities or refuse to process purchases or exchanges in the shareholders’ account. The Funds specifically reserve the right to reject any purchase or exchange order by any investor or group of investors indefinitely for any reason.

 

The Funds currently are unable to directly monitor the trading activity of beneficial owners of the Funds’ shares who hold those shares through third-party 401(k) and other group retirement plans and other omnibus arrangements maintained by other intermediaries. Omnibus accounts allow intermediaries to aggregate their customers’ investments in one account and to purchase, redeem and exchange Fund shares without the identity of a particular customer being known to a Fund. A number of these financial intermediaries may not have the capability or may not be willing to apply the Funds’ frequent trading policies. Although they attempt to do so, the Funds cannot assure that these policies will be enforced with regard to Fund shares held through such omnibus arrangements. The Funds have adopted procedures to fair value each Fund’s securities in certain circumstances when market prices are not readily available, including when trading in a security is halted or suspended; when a security’s primary pricing source is unable or unwilling to provide a price; when a security’s primary trading market is closed during regular market hours; or when a security’s value is materially affected by events occurring after the close of the security’s primary trading market. By fair valuing securities, the Funds seek to establish prices that investors might expect to realize upon the current sales of these securities. For non-U.S. securities, fair valuation is intended to deter market timers who may take advantage of time zone differences between the close of the foreign markets on which a Fund’s portfolio securities trade and the U.S. markets that determine the time as of which the Fund’s NAV is calculated. The Funds make fair value determinations in good faith in accordance with the Funds’ valuation procedures. Because of the

 

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EMERALD FUNDS

 

subjective and variable nature of fair value pricing, there can be no assurance that a Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to the security upon the sale of such security.

 

Shares held longest will be treated as being redeemed first and shares held shortest as being redeemed last. The fees are paid to the respective Fund and are designed to help offset the brokerage commissions, market impact and other costs associated with short-term shareholder trading.

 

Due to the complexity and subjectivity involved in identifying market timing and other abusive trading practices, there can be no assurance that a Fund’s efforts will identify all market timing or abusive trading activities. Therefore, investors should not assume that a Fund will be able to detect or prevent all practices that may disadvantage the Fund.

 

How Fund Shares are Priced

 

The Board has approved procedures to be used to value each Fund’s securities for the purposes of determining the Fund’s NAV. The valuation of the securities of each Fund is determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Board. The Board has delegated certain valuation functions for each Fund to the Administrator.

 

Each Fund generally values its securities based on market prices determined at the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time) on each business day (Monday through Friday). None of the Funds will value its securities on any day that the NYSE is closed, including the following observed holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. Each Fund’s currency valuations, if any, are done as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time). For equity securities that are traded on an exchange, the market price is usually the closing sale or official closing price on that exchange. In the case of securities not traded on an exchange, or if such closing prices are not otherwise available, the market price is typically determined by independent third party pricing vendors approved by the Funds’ Board using a variety of pricing techniques and methodologies. The market price for debt obligations (including short-term debt obligations that will mature in 60 days or less) is generally the price supplied by an independent third-party pricing service approved by the Fund’s Board, which may use a matrix, formula or other objective method that takes into consideration market indices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. In certain circumstances, bid and ask prices may be obtained from (i) a broker/dealer specified and deemed reliable by the Adviser, (ii) pink sheets, yellow sheets or the blue list, or (iii) a pricing agent that obtains quotations from broker/dealers or evaluates the value of the respective bid and ask prices. If vendors are unable to supply a price, or if the price supplied is deemed to be unreliable, the market price may be determined using quotations received from one or more brokers/dealers that make a market in the security.

 

When such prices or quotations are not available, or when the Fund’s Adviser believes that they are unreliable, securities will be priced using fair value procedures approved by the Board. Because each Fund invests in securities that may be thinly traded or for which market quotations may not be readily available or may be unreliable (such as securities of small capitalization companies), each Fund may use fair valuation procedures more frequently than funds that invest primarily in securities that are more liquid (such as equity securities of large capitalization domestic issuers). Each Fund may also use fair value procedures if its Adviser determines that a significant event has occurred between the time at which a market price is determined and the time at which the Fund’s net asset value is calculated. In particular, the value of non-U.S. securities may be materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which they are traded, but before the Fund prices its shares.

 

Each Fund may determine the fair value of investments based on information provided by pricing services and other third-party vendors, which may recommend fair value prices or adjustments with reference to other securities, indices or assets. In considering whether fair value pricing is required and in determining fair values, each Fund may, among other things, consider significant events (which may be considered to include changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after the close of the relevant market and before the Fund values its securities. In addition, each Fund may utilize modeling tools provided by third-party vendors to determine fair values of non-U.S. securities. Each Fund’s use of fair value pricing may help deter “stale price arbitrage.”

 

Valuing securities at fair value involves greater reliance on judgment than valuation of securities based on readily available market quotations. A fund that uses fair value to price securities may value those securities higher or lower than another fund using market quotations or its own fair value methodologies to price the same securities. There can be no assurance that a Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its net asset value.

 

Each Fund invests, or may invest, in securities that are traded on foreign exchanges or markets, which may be open when the NYSE is closed. As a result, the value of your investment in a Fund may change on days when you are unable to purchase or redeem shares.

 

Customer Identification Program

 

To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires each Fund’s Transfer Agent to obtain certain personal information from you (or persons acting on your behalf) in order to verify your (or such person’s) identity when you open an account, including name, address, date of birth and other information (which may include certain documents) that will allow the Transfer Agent to verify your identity. If this information is not provided, the Transfer Agent may not be able to open your account. If the Transfer Agent is unable to verify your identity (or that of another person authorized to act on your behalf) shortly after your account is opened, or believes it has identified potentially criminal activity, each Fund, the Distributor and the Transfer Agent each reserve the right to reject further purchase orders from you or to take such other action as they deem reasonable or required by law, including closing your account and redeeming your shares at their NAV at the time of redemption.

 

Dividends and Distributions

 

Each Fund normally pays dividends and capital gains, if any, on an annual basis, with certain other distributions from time to time as permitted by the 1940 Act and the Code.

 

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Income dividend distributions are derived from interest and other income each Fund receives from its investments and include distributions of short-term capital gains. Capital gain distributions are derived from gains realized when the Fund sells a security it has owned for more than a year.

 

Each Fund may make additional distributions and dividends at other times if the manager believes doing so may be necessary for a Fund to avoid or reduce taxes. Distributions and dividends are reinvested in additional Fund shares unless you instruct the Transfer Agent to have your distributions and/or dividends paid by check mailed to the address of record or transferred through an Automated Clearing House to the bank of your choice. You can change your choice at any time to be effective as of the next distribution or dividend, except that any change given to the Transfer Agent less than five days before the payment date will not be effective until the next distribution or dividend is made. Distribution checks will only be issued for payments greater than $25.00. Distributions will automatically be reinvested in shares of the fund(s) generating the distribution if under $25.00. Un-cashed distribution checks will be canceled and proceeds reinvested at the then current net asset value, for any shareholder who chooses to receive distributions in cash, if distribution checks: (1) are returned and marked as “undeliverable” or (2) remain un-cashed for six months after the date of issuance. If distribution checks are canceled and reinvested, your account election may also be changed so that all future distributions are reinvested rather than paid in cash. Interest will not accrue on uncashed distribution checks.

 

Taxes

 

The discussion below only addresses the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Funds for U.S. persons and does not address any foreign, state, or local tax consequences. For purposes of this discussion, U.S. persons are:

 

 

(i)

U.S. citizens or residents;

 

 

(ii)

U.S. corporations;

 

 

(iii)

an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

 

(iv)

a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or certain electing trusts that were in existence on August 20, 1996, and were treated as domestic trusts on August 19, 1996.

 

This discussion does not address issues of significance to U.S. persons in special situations such as: (i) certain types of tax-exempt organizations, (ii) shareholders holding shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plan accounts or individual retirement accounts), (iii) shareholders holding investments through foreign institutions (financial and non-financial), (iv) financial institutions, (v) broker-dealers, (vi) entities not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, (vii) shareholders holding shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction, and (viii) shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax. If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. For further information regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Funds, investors should see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Taxation of the Funds.”

 

Non-U.S. persons that are considering the purchase of shares should consult with their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares in the Funds.

 

The Funds intend to meet all requirements under Subchapter M of the Code necessary to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) and thus do not expect to pay any U.S. federal income tax on income and capital gains distributed to shareholders. The Funds also intend to meet certain distribution requirements such that the Funds are not subject to U.S. federal income tax in general. If a Fund does not meet the distribution requirements, that Fund may be subject to significant excise taxes. This discussion is based on the assumption that the Funds will qualify under Subchapter M of the Code as RICs and will satisfy these distribution requirements. There can be no guarantee that this assumption will be correct.

 

Taxation of Fund Distributions

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, shareholders of RICs are generally subject to taxation based on the underlying character of the income and gain recognized by the RIC and distributed to shareholders.

 

Distributions of net capital gains that are properly designated by a Fund as capital gain dividends (“capital gain dividends”) will be taxable to Fund shareholders as long-term capital gains. Generally, distributions of earnings derived from ordinary income and short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income. The Funds do not expect a significant portion of their distributions to derive from “qualified dividend income,” which will be taxed to non-corporate shareholders at favorable rates so long as certain requirements are met. Corporate shareholders may be able to take a dividends-received deduction for a portion of the dividends received by a Fund, to the extent such dividends are received by the Fund from a domestic corporation and to the extent a portion of interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund are treated as dividends subject, in each case, to certain holding period requirements and debt-financing limitations.

 

Some of the Funds’ investments, such as certain option transactions and certain futures transactions, may be “section 1256 contracts.” Section 1256 contracts are taxed annually on a “marked to market” basis as if sold for their fair market values at the end of the tax year. Gains and losses on section 1256 contracts are generally treated as 60% long-term capital and 40% short-term capital (with certain exceptions).

 

Each Fund may also realize long-term capital gains when it sells or redeems a security that it has owned for more than one year and when it receives capital gain distributions from ETFs in which that Fund owns investments. Each Fund may realize short-term capital gains from the sale of investments that such Fund owned for one year or less. Each Fund may realize ordinary income from distributions from ETFs, from foreign currency gains that are not section 1256 contracts, from interest on indebtedness owned by a Fund and from other sources.

 

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EMERALD FUNDS

 

The maximum long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals is 20% in addition to the 3.8% surtax on net investment income described below. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Taxation of Fund Distributions.”

 

Distributions of earnings are taxable whether or not a shareholder receives them in cash or reinvests them in additional shares. If a distribution of earnings is made shortly after a shareholder purchases shares of a Fund, while in effect a return of capital, the dividend or distribution is still taxable. You can avoid this, if you choose, by investing soon after such Fund has paid a dividend.

 

Sale or Redemption of Fund Shares

 

A shareholder’s sale or redemption of Fund shares will generally result in taxable gain (if positive) or loss (if negative) in an amount equal to (i) the amount realized, reduced by (ii) the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the Fund shares sold or surrendered (in the case of a redemption). A shareholder who receives securities in redemption of shares of a Fund will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between (i) the aggregate fair market value of the securities received plus the amount of any cash received (net of any applicable fees), and (ii) the shareholder’s adjusted basis in the shares redeemed.

 

Any capital gain or loss realized upon the sale of redemption of shares of a Fund is generally treated as long term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for one year or less. In certain situations, a loss on the sale of shares held for six months or less will be a long-term loss. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to significant limitations.

 

Any loss realized on a disposition or redemption of shares of a Fund may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent that the shares disposed of are replaced with other substantially identical shares of a Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before the shares are disposed of, such as pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in shares of a Fund. Persons redeeming shares should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether the wash sale rules apply and when such a loss might be deductible. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Sale or Redemption of Shares.”

 

Taxation of Certain Investments

 

A Fund’s investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding or other taxes which reduce the Fund’s yield on such securities. Shareholders generally will not be entitled to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes, although it is possible that a Fund may be able to elect to pass through foreign tax credits or deductions to its shareholders. Each Fund makes no assurances regarding its ability or willingness to so elect. In addition, each Fund’s investments in foreign securities or foreign currencies may increase or accelerate such Fund’s recognition of ordinary income and may affect the timing or amount of such Fund’s distributions. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Special Tax Considerations.”

 

Each Fund may at times buy debt obligations at a discount from the price at which they were originally issued (“original issue discount”), especially during periods of rising interest rates. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, any original issue discount inherent in such investments will be included in a Fund’s ordinary income when and as it accrues as required by applicable law. Even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, and will be subject to the risk of nonpayment, related distributions will be taxed to shareholders as ordinary income.

 

Each Fund may also buy debt obligations in the secondary market which are treated as having market discount. Generally, gain recognized on the disposition of such an investment is treated as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of the accrued market discount, but each Fund may elect instead to currently include the amount of market discount as ordinary income even though such Fund does not receive payment of such amount at that time. Each Fund’s investments in certain debt obligations, mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and derivatives may also cause such Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such obligations. Thus, the Funds could be required at times to liquidate other investments in order to satisfy their distribution requirements, potentially increasing the amount of capital gain dividends made to shareholders.

 

If a Fund invests in stock of a real-estate investment trust (a “REIT”), it may be eligible to pay “section 199A dividends” to its shareholders with respect to qualified dividends received by it from its investment in REITs. Section 199A dividends are taxable to individual and other noncorporate shareholders at a reduced effective federal income tax rate, provided that certain holding period requirements and other conditions are satisfied.

 

Surtax on Net Investment Income

 

A surtax of 3.8% applies to net investment income of a taxpayer that is an individual taxpayer, and to the undistributed net investment income of a trust or estate, in each case to the extent that the taxpayer recognizes gross income (as adjusted) in excess of a certain amount for a year. Net investment income includes, among other types of income, ordinary income, dividend income and capital gain derived from an investment in a Fund. For information regarding the surtax on net investment income, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Surtax on Net Investment Income.”

 

Cost Basis Reporting

 

The Funds (or their administrative agent) must report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and furnish to Fund shareholders (other than shareholders who hold their shares through a tax-advantaged arrangements such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account) the cost basis information for Fund shares that are sold and that were are purchased on or after January 1, 2012. If a shareholder does not make a timely election among the available IRS-accepted cost basis methods, the Funds will use a default cost basis method for the shareholder. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers concerning the most desirable IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situations.

 

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Backup Withholding

 

The Funds are also required in certain circumstances to apply backup withholding on taxable dividends, redemption proceeds and certain other payments that are paid to any shareholder who does not furnish to certain information and certifications the Funds or who is otherwise subject to backup withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is currently 24%. For more information regarding backup withholding, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Backup Withholding.”

 

Foreign Accounts

 

Shareholders that invest in a Fund through foreign accounts may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on: (1) income dividends paid by the Fund, and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of a sale of Fund shares. This withholding tax generally may be avoided if the financial institution that maintains the account satisfies certain registration, certification and reporting requirements. For more information regarding withholding with respect to foreign accounts, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Foreign Accounts.”

 

Investors should consult with their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Funds.

 

 

Financial Highlights

 

The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the Funds’ financial performance for each fiscal period shown. Please note that the financial highlights information in the following table represents financial highlights of each Fund for each fiscal period shown below. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Funds’ (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from the Funds’ financial statements audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP. Deloitte & Touche LLP’s report, along with the Funds’ financial statements, are included in the Funds’ annual report, which is available upon request by calling the Funds at 1-855-828-9909.

 

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EMERALD BANKING AND FINANCE FUND

For a share outstanding throughout the period presented

 

CLASS A

 

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2019

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2018

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2017

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2016

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 46.01     $ 41.61     $ 31.27     $ 28.85     $ 26.11  
                                         

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment loss(a)

    (0.24 )     (0.29 )     (0.17 )     (0.06 )     (0.16 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (5.35 )     5.98       10.51       2.48       2.90  

Total from Investment Operations

    (5.59 )     5.69       10.34       2.42       2.74  
                                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From capital gains

    (7.71 )     (1.29 )                  

Total Distributions

    (7.71 )     (1.29 )                  

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (13.30 )     4.40       10.34       2.42       2.74  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 32.71     $ 46.01     $ 41.61     $ 31.27     $ 28.85  
                                         

TOTAL RETURN(b)

    (10.65 )%     13.59 %     33.07 %     8.39 %     10.49 %

RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net Assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 87,267     $ 172,338     $ 172,106     $ 110,601     $ 48,575  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                       

Net Investment loss

    (0.58 )%     (0.65 )%     (0.46 )%     (0.21 )%     (0.58 )%

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    1.42 %     1.41 %     1.43 %     1.48 %     1.60 %

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.42 %     1.41 %     1.43 %     1.48 %     1.60 %

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    55 %     62 %     36 %     30 %     33 %

 

(a)

Per share amounts are based upon average shares outstanding.

(b)

Total return does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

 

39

 

 

 

EMERALD BANKING AND FINANCE FUND

For a share outstanding throughout the period presented

 

 

CLASS C

 

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2019

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2018

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2017

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2016

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 40.83     $ 37.29     $ 28.20     $ 26.19     $ 23.86  
                                         

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment loss(a)

    (0.44 )     (0.51 )     (0.36 )     (0.24 )     (0.30 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (4.81 )     5.34       9.45       2.25       2.63  

Total from Investment Operations

    (5.25 )     4.83       9.09       2.01       2.33  
                                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From capital gains

    (7.71 )     (1.29 )                  

Total Distributions

    (7.71 )     (1.29 )                  

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (12.96 )     3.54       9.09       2.01       2.33  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 27.87     $ 40.83     $ 37.29     $ 28.20     $ 26.19  
                                         

TOTAL RETURN(b)

    (11.21 )%     12.85 %     32.23 %     7.67 %     9.77 %

RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net Assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 50,079     $ 78,988     $ 76,072     $ 52,366     $ 31,862  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                       

Net Investment loss

    (1.23 )%     (1.30 )%     (1.11 )%     (0.87 )%     (1.23 )%

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    2.07 %     2.06 %     2.08 %     2.13 %     2.25 %

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    2.07 %     2.06 %     2.08 %     2.13 %     2.25 %

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    55 %     62 %     36 %     30 %     33 %

 

(a)

Per share amounts are based upon average shares outstanding.

(b)

Total return does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

 

40

 

 

 

EMERALD BANKING AND FINANCE FUND

For a share outstanding throughout the period presented

 

 

INSTITUTIONAL CLASS

 

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2019

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2018

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2017

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2016

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 46.95     $ 42.30     $ 31.69     $ 29.15     $ 26.29  
                                         

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment income/(loss)(a)

    (0.09 )     (0.15 )     (0.05 )     0.03       (0.07 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (5.45 )     6.09       10.66       2.51       2.93  

Total from Investment Operations

    (5.54 )     5.94       10.61       2.54       2.86  
                                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From capital gains

    (7.71 )     (1.29 )                  

Total Distributions

    (7.71 )     (1.29 )                  

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (13.25 )     4.65       10.61       2.54       2.86  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 33.70     $ 46.95     $ 42.30     $ 31.69     $ 29.15  
                                         

TOTAL RETURN

    (10.30 )%     13.97 %     33.48 %     8.71 %     10.88 %

RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net Assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 162,910     $ 221,638     $ 134,027     $ 61,654     $ 23,730  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                       

Net Investment income/(loss)

    (0.23 )%     (0.34 )%     (0.14 )%     0.11 %     (0.25 )%

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    1.06 %     1.09 %     1.11 %     1.15 %     1.27 %

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.06 %     1.09 %     1.11 %     1.15 %     1.27 %

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    55 %     62 %     36 %     30 %     33 %

 

(a)

Per share amounts are based upon average shares outstanding.

 

41

 

 

 

EMERALD BANKING AND FINANCE FUND

For a share outstanding throughout the period presented

 

 

INVESTOR CLASS

 

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2019

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2018

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2017

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2016

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 44.05     $ 39.86     $ 29.95     $ 27.64     $ 25.01  
                                         

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment loss(a)

    (0.23 )     (0.25 )     (0.16 )     (0.07 )     (0.15 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (5.15 )     5.73       10.07       2.38       2.78  

Total from Investment Operations

    (5.38 )     5.48       9.91       2.31       2.63  
                                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From capital gains

    (7.71 )     (1.29 )                  

Total Distributions

    (7.71 )     (1.29 )                  

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (13.09 )     4.19       9.91       2.31       2.63  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 30.96     $ 44.05     $ 39.86     $ 29.95     $ 27.64  
                                         

TOTAL RETURN

    (10.64 )%     13.67 %     33.09 %     8.36 %     10.52 %

RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net Assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 41,410     $ 71,236     $ 85,557     $ 80,404     $ 27,440  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                       

Net Investment loss

    (0.60 )%     (0.60 )%     (0.46 )%     (0.23 )%     (0.56 )%

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    1.43 %     1.37 %     1.43 %     1.48 %     1.58 %

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.43 %     1.37 %     1.43 %     1.48 %     1.58 %

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    55 %     62 %     36 %     30 %     33 %

 

(a)

Per share amounts are based upon average shares outstanding.

 

42

 

 

 

EMERALD GROWTH FUND

For a share outstanding throughout the period presented

 

 

CLASS A

 

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2019

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2018

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2017

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2016

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 25.99     $ 21.83     $ 17.52     $ 20.02     $ 18.11  
                                         

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment loss(a)

    (0.13 )     (0.16 )     (0.11 )     (0.15 )     (0.18 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    2.61       4.32       4.42       (1.88 )     3.43  

Total from Investment Operations

    2.48       4.16       4.31       (2.03 )     3.25  
                                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From capital gains

    (2.47 )                 (0.47 )     (1.34 )

Total Distributions

    (2.47 )                 (0.47 )     (1.34 )

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    0.01       4.16       4.31       (2.50 )     1.91  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 26.00     $ 25.99     $ 21.83     $ 17.52     $ 20.02  
                                         

TOTAL RETURN(b)

    11.79 %     19.06 %     24.60 %     (10.28 )%     18.38 %

RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net Assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 188,883     $ 239,316     $ 270,389     $ 323,603     $ 123,828  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                       

Net Investment loss

    (0.50 )%     (0.64 )%     (0.57 )%     (0.81 )%     (0.93 )%

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    1.01 %     1.03 %     1.08 %     1.17 %     1.29 %

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.01 %     1.03 %     1.08 %     1.17 %     1.29 %

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    64 %     66 %     54 %     45 %     68 %

 

(a)

Per share amounts are based upon average shares outstanding.

(b)

Total return does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

 

43

 

 

 

EMERALD GROWTH FUND

For a share outstanding throughout the period presented

 

 

CLASS C

 

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2019

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2018

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2017

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2016

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 22.18     $ 18.75     $ 15.14     $ 17.48     $ 16.07  
                                         

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment loss(a)

    (0.26 )     (0.27 )     (0.21 )     (0.24 )     (0.27 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    2.14       3.70       3.82       (1.63 )     3.02  

Total from Investment Operations

    1.88       3.43       3.61       (1.87 )     2.75  
                                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From capital gains

    (2.47 )                 (0.47 )     (1.34 )

Total Distributions

    (2.47 )                 (0.47 )     (1.34 )

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (0.59 )     3.43       3.61       (2.34 )     1.41  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 21.59     $ 22.18     $ 18.75     $ 15.14     $ 17.48  
                                         

TOTAL RETURN(b)

    11.08 %     18.29 %     23.84 %     (10.87 )%     17.58 %

RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net Assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 29,975     $ 33,197     $ 34,642     $ 42,075     $ 15,427  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                       

Net Investment loss

    (1.15 )%     (1.30 )%     (1.22 )%     (1.46 )%     (1.58 )%

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    1.66 %     1.68 %     1.73 %     1.81 %     1.94 %

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.66 %     1.68 %     1.73 %     1.81 %     1.94 %

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    64 %     66 %     54 %     45 %     68 %

 

(a)

Per share amounts are based upon average shares outstanding.

(b)

Total return does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

 

44

 

 

 

EMERALD GROWTH FUND

For a share outstanding throughout the period presented

 

 

INSTITUTIONAL CLASS

 

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2019

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2018

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2017

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2016

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 26.94     $ 22.56     $ 18.04     $ 20.54     $ 18.49  
                                         

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment loss(a)

    (0.05 )     (0.09 )     (0.05 )     (0.10 )     (0.12 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    2.74       4.47       4.57       (1.93 )     3.51  

Total from Investment Operations

    2.69       4.38       4.52       (2.03 )     3.39  
                                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From capital gains

    (2.47 )                 (0.47 )     (1.34 )

Total Distributions

    (2.47 )                 (0.47 )     (1.34 )

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    0.22       4.38       4.52       (2.50 )     2.05  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 27.16     $ 26.94     $ 22.56     $ 18.04     $ 20.54  
                                         

TOTAL RETURN

    12.17 %     19.41 %     25.06 %     (9.97 )%     18.77 %

RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net Assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 1,050,538     $ 839,076     $ 596,550     $ 453,190     $ 174,107  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                       

Net Investment loss

    (0.18 )%     (0.33 )%     (0.26 )%     (0.51 )%     (0.63 )%

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    0.69 %     0.72 %     0.77 %     0.87 %     0.99 %

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    0.69 %     0.72 %     0.77 %     0.87 %     0.99 %

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    64 %     66 %     54 %     45 %     68 %

 

(a)

Per share amounts are based upon average shares outstanding.

 

45

 

 

 

EMERALD GROWTH FUND

For a share outstanding throughout the period presented

 

 

INVESTOR CLASS

 

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2019

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2018

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2017

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2016

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 25.88     $ 21.75     $ 17.46     $ 19.97     $ 18.06  
                                         

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment loss(a)

    (0.14 )     (0.17 )     (0.12 )     (0.16 )     (0.17 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    2.61       4.30       4.41       (1.88 )     3.42  

Total from Investment Operations

    2.47       4.13       4.29       (2.04 )     3.25  
                                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From capital gains

    (2.47 )                 (0.47 )     (1.34 )

Total Distributions

    (2.47 )                 (0.47 )     (1.34 )

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    0.00       4.13       4.29       (2.51 )     1.91  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 25.88     $ 25.88     $ 21.75     $ 17.46     $ 19.97  
                                         

TOTAL RETURN

    11.81 %     18.99 %     24.57 %     (10.36 )%     18.44 %

RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net Assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 104,403     $ 107,629     $ 114,033     $ 112,526     $ 23,517  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                       

Net Investment loss

    (0.53 )%     (0.68 )%     (0.61 )%     (0.84 )%     (0.91 )%

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    1.04 %     1.07 %     1.12 %     1.19 %     1.27 %

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.04 %     1.07 %     1.12 %     1.19 %     1.27 %

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    64 %     66 %     54 %     45 %     68 %

 

(a)

Per share amounts are based upon average shares outstanding.

 

46

 

 

 

EMERALD INSIGHTS FUND

For a share outstanding throughout the period presented

 

 

CLASS A

 

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2019

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2018

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2017

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2016

   

For the Period
August 1, 2014
(Inception) to
April 30, 2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 13.09     $ 11.33     $ 9.69     $ 10.98     $ 10.00  
                                         

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment loss(a)

    (0.09 )     (0.07 )     (0.06 )     (0.05 )     (0.05 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    1.04       1.83       1.70       (1.24 )     1.03  

Total from Investment Operations

    0.95       1.76       1.64       (1.29 )     0.98  
                                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From capital gains

    (2.53 )                        

Total Distributions

    (2.53 )                        

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (1.58 )     1.76       1.64       (1.29 )     0.98  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 11.51     $ 13.09     $ 11.33     $ 9.69     $ 10.98  
                                         

TOTAL RETURN(b)

    11.53 %     15.53 %     16.92 %     (11.75 %)     9.80 %(c)

RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net Assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 9,397     $ 9,321     $ 10,127     $ 11,388     $ 6,493  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                       

Net Investment loss

    (0.71 %)     (0.58 %)     (0.57 %)     (0.54 %)     (0.66 %)(d)

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    2.18 %     2.10 %     2.10 %     2.01 %     2.57 %(d)(e)

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.35 %     1.35 %     1.35 %     1.35 %     1.35 %(d)(e)

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    63 %     138 %     75 %     99 %     88 %(c)

 

(a)

Per share amounts are based upon average shares outstanding.

(b)

Total return does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

(c)

Not Annualized.

(d)

Annualized.

(e)

Expense ratios before reductions for startup costs may not be representative of longer term operating periods.

 

47

 

 

 

EMERALD INSIGHTS FUND

For a share outstanding throughout the period presented

 

 

CLASS C

 

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2019

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2018

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2017

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2016

   

For the Period
August 1, 2014
(Inception) to
April 30, 2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 12.75     $ 11.11     $ 9.56     $ 10.92     $ 10.00  
                                         

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment loss(a)

    (0.16 )     (0.15 )     (0.13 )     (0.11 )     (0.10 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    0.98       1.79       1.68       (1.25 )     1.02  

Total from Investment Operations

    0.82       1.64       1.55       (1.36 )     0.92  
                                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From capital gains

    (2.53 )                        

Total Distributions

    (2.53 )                        

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (1.71 )     1.64       1.55       (1.36 )     0.92  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 11.04     $ 12.75     $ 11.11     $ 9.56     $ 10.92  
                                         

TOTAL RETURN(b)

    10.75 %     14.76 %     16.21 %     (12.45 %)     9.20 %(c)

RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net Assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 141     $ 129     $ 112     $ 101     $ 27  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                       

Net Investment loss

    (1.36 %)     (1.24 %)     (1.22 %)     (1.17 %)     (1.34 %)(d)

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    2.84 %     2.75 %     2.76 %     2.70 %     7.25 %(d)(e)

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    2.00 %     2.00 %     2.00 %     2.00 %     2.00 %(d)(e)

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    63 %     138 %     75 %     99 %     88 %(c)

 

(a)

Per share amounts are based upon average shares outstanding.

(b)

Total return does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

(c)

Not Annualized.

(d)

Annualized.

(e)

Expense ratios before reductions for startup costs may not be representative of longer term operating periods.

 

48

 

 

 

EMERALD INSIGHTS FUND

For a share outstanding throughout the period presented

 

 

INSTITUTIONAL CLASS

 

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2019

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2018

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2017

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2016

   

For the Period
August 1, 2014
(Inception) to
April 30, 2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 13.22     $ 11.41     $ 9.73     $ 10.99     $ 10.00  
                                         

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment loss(a)

    (0.05 )     (0.04 )     (0.03 )     (0.00 )(b)     (0.03 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    1.05       1.85       1.71       (1.26 )     1.02  

Total from Investment Operations

    1.00       1.81       1.68       (1.26 )     0.99  
                                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From capital gains

    (2.53 )                        

Total Distributions

    (2.53 )                        

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (1.53 )     1.81       1.68       (1.26 )     0.99  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 11.69     $ 13.22     $ 11.41     $ 9.73     $ 10.99  
                                         

TOTAL RETURN

    11.81 %     15.86 %     17.27 %     (11.46 %)     9.90 %(c)

RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net Assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 1,383     $ 1,228     $ 1,048     $ 1,729     $ 279  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                       

Net Investment loss

    (0.41 %)     (0.29 %)     (0.28 %)     (0.05 %)     (0.34 %)(d)

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    1.87 %     1.77 %     1.78 %     1.90 %     4.66 %(d)(e)

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.05 %     1.05 %     1.05 %     1.05 %     1.05 %(d)(e)

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    63 %     138 %     75 %     99 %     88 %(c)

 

(a)

Per share amounts are based upon average shares outstanding.

(b)

Less than $0.005 per share.

(c)

Not Annualized.

(d)

Annualized.

(e)

Expense ratios before reductions for startup costs may not be representative of longer term operating periods.

 

49

 

 

 

EMERALD INSIGHTS FUND

For a share outstanding throughout the period presented

 

 

INVESTOR CLASS

 

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2019

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2018

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2017

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2016

   

For the Period
August 1, 2014
(Inception) to
April 30, 2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 13.05     $ 11.29     $ 9.67     $ 10.96     $ 10.00  
                                         

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment loss(a)

    (0.10 )     (0.08 )     (0.07 )     (0.08 )     (0.05 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    1.03       1.84       1.69       (1.21 )     1.01  

Total from Investment Operations

    0.93       1.76       1.62       (1.29 )     0.96  
                                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From capital gains

    (2.53 )                        

Total Distributions

    (2.53 )                        

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (1.60 )     1.76       1.62       (1.29 )     0.96  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 11.45     $ 13.05     $ 11.29     $ 9.67     $ 10.96  
                                         

TOTAL RETURN

    11.41 %     15.59 %     16.75 %     (11.77 %)     9.60 %(b)

RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net Assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 174     $ 126     $ 88     $ 86     $ 448  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                       

Net Investment loss

    (0.77 %)     (0.65 %)     (0.63 %)     (0.72 %)     (0.67 %)(c)

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    2.08 %     2.07 %     2.09 %     1.91 %     2.96 %(c)(d)

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.40 %     1.40 %     1.40 %     1.40 %     1.40 %(c)(d)

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    63 %     138 %     75 %     99 %     88 %(b)

 

(a)

Per share amounts are based upon average shares outstanding.

(b)

Not Annualized.

(c)

Annualized.

(d)

Expense ratios before reductions for startup costs may not be representative of longer term operating periods.

 

50

 

 

 

EMERALD SMALL CAP VALUE FUND

For a share outstanding throughout the period presented

 

 

CLASS A

 

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2019

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2018

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2017

   

For the Period
October 1, 2015
to April 30,
2016(a)

   

Period Ended
September 30,
2015(b)

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 10.45     $ 16.27     $ 13.00     $ 12.70     $ 14.12  
                                         

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment loss(c)

    (0.02 )     (0.06 )(d)     (0.07 )(d)     (0.09 )     (0.01 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (1.06 )     2.13       3.34       0.44       (1.03 )

Total from Investment Operations

    (1.08 )     2.07       3.27       0.35       (1.04 )
                                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From investment income

                      (0.05 )      

From capital gains

    (2.08 )     (7.89 )                 (0.38 )

Total Distributions

    (2.08 )     (7.89 )           (0.05 )     (0.38 )

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (3.16 )     (5.82 )     3.27       0.30       (1.42 )

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 7.29     $ 10.45     $ 16.27     $ 13.00     $ 12.70  
                                         

TOTAL RETURN(e)

    (7.30 )%     12.41 %     25.15 %     2.77 %(f)     (7.49 )%(f)

RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net Assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 2,664     $ 3,959     $ 1,909     $ 340     $ 14  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                       

Net Investment loss

    (0.19 )%     (0.42 )%     (0.46 )%     (1.13 )%(g)     (0.24 )%(g)

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    2.89 %     2.56 %     2.26 %     2.69 %(g)     2.16 %(g)

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.35 %     1.35 %     1.35 %     1.35 %(g)     1.35 %(g)

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    101 %     71 %     66 %     31 %(f)     69 %(f)(h)

 

(a)

Effective March 3, 2015 the Board approved changing the fiscal year-end of the Fund from September 30 to April 30.

(b)

Class A commenced operations on June 30, 2015.

(c)

Per share amounts are based upon average shares outstanding.

(d)

The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations for the period due to the timing of sales and redemptions of Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.

(e)

Total return does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

(f)

Not Annualized.

(g)

Annualized.

(h)

Portfolio turnover rate is calculated at the Fund level and represents the year ended September 30, 2015.

 

51

 

 

 

EMERALD SMALL CAP VALUE FUND

For a share outstanding throughout the period presented

 

 

CLASS C

 

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2019

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2018

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2017

   

For the Period
October 1, 2015
to April 30,
2016(a)

   

Period Ended
September 30,
2015(b)

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 10.15     $ 16.10     $ 12.94     $ 12.68     $ 14.12  
                                         

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment loss(c)

    (0.08 )     (0.13 )(d)     (0.13 )(d)     (0.14 )     (0.03 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (1.03 )     2.07       3.29       0.43       (1.03 )

Total from Investment Operations

    (1.11 )     1.94       3.16       0.29       (1.06 )
                                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From investment income

                      (0.03 )      

From capital gains

    (2.08 )     (7.89 )                 (0.38 )

Total Distributions

    (2.08 )     (7.89 )           (0.03 )     (0.38 )

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (3.19 )     (5.95 )     3.16       0.26       (1.44 )

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 6.96     $ 10.15     $ 16.10     $ 12.94     $ 12.68  
                                         

TOTAL RETURN(e)

    (7.88 )%     11.63 %     24.42 %     2.28 %(f)     (7.63 )%(f)

RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net Assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 38     $ 108     $ 211     $ 566     $ 14  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                       

Net Investment loss

    (0.88 )%     (0.98 )%     (0.93 )%     (2.06 )%(g)     (0.89 )%(g)

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    3.44 %     3.20 %     2.70 %     3.37 %(g)     2.81 %(g)

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    2.00 %     2.00 %     2.00 %     2.00 %(g)     2.00 %(g)

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    101 %     71 %     66 %     31 %(f)     69 %(f)(h)

 

(a)

Effective March 3, 2015 the Board approved changing the fiscal year-end of the Fund from September 30 to April 30.

(b)

Class C commenced operations on June 30, 2015.

(c)

Per share amounts are based upon average shares outstanding.

(d)

The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations for the period due to the timing of sales and redemptions of Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.

(e)

Total return does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

(f)

Not Annualized.

(g)

Annualized.

(h)

Portfolio turnover rate is calculated at the Fund level and represents the year ended September 30, 2015.

 

52

 

 

 

EMERALD SMALL CAP VALUE FUND

For a share outstanding throughout the period presented

 

 

INSTITUTIONAL CLASS

 

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2019

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2018

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2017

   

For the Period
October 1, 2015
to April 30,
2016(a)

   

Year Ended
September 30,
2015(b)

   

Year Ended
September 30,
2014

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 10.59     $ 16.35     $ 13.02     $ 12.71     $ 12.76     $ 12.56  
                                                 

INCOME FROM OPERATIONS:

                                               

Net investment income/(loss)(c)

    0.01       0.00  (d)     0.02       (0.01 )     0.06       0.09  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (1.06 )     2.13       3.31       0.38       0.33       0.76  

Total from Investment Operations

    (1.05 )     2.13       3.33       0.37       0.39       0.85  
                                                 

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                               

From investment income

                      (0.06 )     (0.06 )     (0.01 )

From capital gains

    (2.08 )     (7.89 )                 (0.38 )     (0.64 )

Total Distributions

    (2.08 )     (7.89 )           (0.06 )     (0.44 )     (0.65 )

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (3.13 )     (5.76 )     3.33       0.31       (0.05 )     0.20  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 7.46     $ 10.59     $ 16.35     $ 13.02     $ 12.71     $ 12.76  
                                                 

TOTAL RETURN

    (6.90 )%     12.76 %     25.58 %     2.94 %(e)     2.93 %     6.64 %

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                               

Net Assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 874     $ 3,177     $ 4,989     $ 13,691     $ 16,507     $ 24,343  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                               

Net Investment income/(loss)

    0.13 %     0.02 %     0.13 %     (0.07 )%(f)     0.45 %     0.65 %

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    2.44 %     2.20 %     1.56 %     1.75 %(f)     1.43 %     1.29 %

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.00 %     1.00 %     1.00 %     1.00 %(f)     1.00 %     1.00 %

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    101 %     71 %     66 %     31 %(e)     69 %     49 %

 

(a)

Effective March 3, 2015 the Board approved changing the fiscal year-end of the Fund from September 30 to April 30.

(b)

Prior to its June 26, 2015 reorganization with and into the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund, the Fund was known as the Elessar Small Cap Value Fund.

(c)

Per share amounts are based upon average shares outstanding.

(d)

Less than $0.005 per share.

(e)

Not Annualized.

(f)

Annualized.

 

53

 

 

 

EMERALD SMALL CAP VALUE FUND

For a share outstanding throughout the period presented

 

 

INVESTOR CLASS

 

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2019

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2018

   

Year Ended
April 30,
2017

   

For the Period
October 1, 2015
to April 30,
2016(a)

   

Year Ended
September 30,
2015(b)

   

Year Ended
September 30,
2014

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 10.46     $ 16.26     $ 12.98     $ 12.68     $ 12.73     $ 12.54  
                                                 

INCOME FROM OPERATIONS:

                                               

Net investment income/(loss)(c)

    (0.01 )     (0.04 )(d)     (0.02 )(d)     (0.02 )     0.03       0.07  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (1.04 )     2.13       3.30       0.37       0.35       0.76  

Total from Investment Operations

    (1.05 )     2.09       3.28       0.35       0.38       0.83  
                                                 

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                               

From investment income

                      (0.05 )     (0.05 )      

From capital gains

    (2.08 )     (7.89 )                 (0.38 )     (0.64 )

Total Distributions

    (2.08 )     (7.89 )           (0.05 )     (0.43 )     (0.64 )

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (3.13 )     (5.80 )     3.28       0.30       (0.05 )     0.19  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 7.33     $ 10.46     $ 16.26     $ 12.98     $ 12.68     $ 12.73  
                                                 

TOTAL RETURN

    (6.99 )%     12.54 %     25.27 %     2.80 %(e)     2.82 %     6.46 %

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                               

Net Assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 509     $ 556     $ 614     $ 1,946     $ 399     $ 474  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                               

Net Investment income/(loss)

    (0.10 )%     (0.25 )%     (0.11 )%     (0.25 )%(f)     0.22 %     0.52 %

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    2.83 %     2.44 %     1.83 %     2.14 %(f)     1.67 %     1.56 %

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.25 %     1.25 %     1.25 %     1.25 %(f)     1.25 %     1.25 %

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    101 %     71 %     66 %     31 %(e)     69 %     49 %

 

(a)

Effective March 3, 2015 the Board approved changing the fiscal year-end of the Fund from September 30 to April 30.

(b)

Prior to its June 26, 2015 reorganization with and into the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund, the Fund was known as the Elessar Small Cap Value Fund.

(c)

Per share amounts are based upon average shares outstanding.

(d)

The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations for the period due to the timing of sales and redemptions of Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.

(e)

Not Annualized.

(f)

Annualized.

 

54

 

 

 

EMERALD FUNDS

 

 

 

Appendix A – Intermediary Sales Charge Waivers and Discounts

 

The following information is provided by Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (“Merrill Lynch”):

 

The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts will depend on whether you purchase your shares directly from the Fund or through a financial intermediary. Intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers or contingent deferred (back-end) sales load (“CDSC”) waivers, which are discussed below. In all instances, it is the purchaser’s responsibility to notify the Fund or the purchaser’s financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from the Fund or through another intermediary to receive these waivers or discounts.

 

*****

 

Effective April 10, 2017, shareholders purchasing Fund shares through a Merrill Lynch platform or account will be eligible only for the following categories of load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this Fund’s prospectus or SAI.

 

Front-end Sales Load Waivers on Class A Shares available at Merrill Lynch

Employer-sponsored retirement, deferred compensation and employee benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and trusts used to fund those plans, provided that the shares are not held in a commission-based brokerage account and shares are held for the benefit of the plan

Shares purchased by or through a 529 Plan

Shares purchased through a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program

Shares purchased by third party investment advisors on behalf of their advisory clients through Merrill Lynch’s platform

Shares of funds purchased through the Merrill Edge Self-Directed platform (if applicable)

Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family)

Shares exchanged from Class C (i.e. level-load) shares of the same fund in the month of or following the 10-year anniversary of the purchase date

Employees and registered representatives of Merrill Lynch or its affiliates and their family members

Directors or Trustees of the Fund, and employees of the Fund’s investment adviser or any of its affiliates, as described in the this prospectus

Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement)

 

CDSC Waivers on A and C Shares available at Merrill Lynch

Death or disability of the shareholder

Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the Fund’s prospectus

Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account

Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70½

Shares sold to pay Merrill Lynch fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Merrill Lynch

Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement

Shares held in retirement brokerage accounts, that are exchanged for a lower cost share class due to transfer to a fee based account or platform (applicable to A and C shares only)

Front-end load Discounts Available at Merrill Lynch: Breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation & Letters of Intent

Breakpoints as described in this prospectus.

Rights of Accumulation (ROA) which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchaser’s household at Merrill Lynch. Eligible fund family assets not held at Merrill Lynch may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets

Letters of Intent (LOI) which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within a fund family, through Merrill Lynch, over a 13-month period of time (if applicable)

 

The following information is provided by Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, LLC (“Morgan Stanley”):

 

Effective July 1, 2018, shareholders purchasing Fund shares through a Morgan Stanley Wealth Management transactional brokerage account will be eligible only for the following front-end sales charge waivers with respect to Class A shares, which may differ from and may be more limited than those disclosed elsewhere in this Fund’s Prospectus or SAI.

 

Front-end Sales Charge Waivers on Class A Shares available at Morgan Stanley Wealth Management

 

Employer-sponsored retirement plans (e.g., 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans and defined benefit plans). For purposes of this provision, employer-sponsored retirement plans do not include SEP IRAs, Simple IRAs, SAR-SEPs or Keogh plans

 

55

 

 

  

 

Morgan Stanley employee and employee-related accounts according to Morgan Stanley’s account linking rules

 

Shares purchased through reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions when purchasing shares of the same fund

 

Shares purchased through a Morgan Stanley self-directed brokerage account

 

Class C (i.e., level-load) shares that are no longer subject to a contingent deferred sales charge and are converted to Class A shares of the same fund pursuant to Morgan Stanley Wealth Management’s share class conversion program

 

Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (i) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (ii) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (iii) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales charge.

 

The following information is provided by Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. and each entity’s affiliates (“Raymond James”):

 

Intermediary-Defined Sales Charge Waiver Policies

 

The availability of certain initial or deferred sales charge waivers and discounts may depend on the particular financial intermediary or type of account through which you purchase or hold Fund shares.

 

Intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers or contingent deferred (back-end) sales load (“CDSC”) waivers, which are discussed below. In all instances, it is the purchaser’s responsibility to notify the fund or the purchaser’s financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase fund shares directly from the fund or through another intermediary to receive these waivers or discounts.

 

Effective March 1, 2019, shareholders purchasing fund shares through a Raymond James platform or account, or through an introducing broker-dealer or independent registered investment adviser for which Raymond James provides trade execution, clearance, and/or custody services, will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this fund’s prospectus or SAI.

 

Front-end sales load waivers on Class A shares available at Raymond James

 

 

Shares purchased in an investment advisory program.

 

Shares purchased within the same fund family through a systematic reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family).

 

Employees and registered representatives of Raymond James or its affiliates and their family members as designated by Raymond James.

 

Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement).

 

A shareholder in the Fund’s Class C shares will have their shares converted at net asset value to Class A shares (or the appropriate share class) of the Fund if the shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and the conversion is in line with the policies and procedures of Raymond James.

 

CDSC Waivers on Classes A, B and C shares available at Raymond James

 

 

Death or disability of the shareholder.

 

Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the fund’s prospectus.

 

Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account.

 

Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70½ as described in the fund’s prospectus.

 

Shares sold to pay Raymond James fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Raymond James.

 

Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement.

 

Front-end load discounts available at Raymond James: breakpoints, and/or rights of accumulation, and/or letters of intent

 

 

Breakpoints as described in this prospectus.

 

Rights of accumulation which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchaser’s household at Raymond James. Eligible fund family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the calculation of rights of accumulation calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

 

Letters of intent which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within a fund family, over a 13-month time period. Eligible fund family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the calculation of letters of intent only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

 

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Additional Information About the Funds

 

Shareholder Reports

 

Annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders provide additional information about the Funds’ investments. These reports discuss the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance during its last fiscal year.

 

Statement of Additional Information

 

The statement of additional information provides more detailed information about the Funds. It is incorporated by reference into (is legally a part of) this Prospectus.

 

The Funds send only one report to a household if more than one account has the same address. Contact the Transfer Agent if you do not want this policy to apply to you.

 

How to Obtain Additional Information

 

You can obtain shareholder reports or the statement of additional information (without charge), make inquiries or request other information about each Fund by contacting the Transfer Agent at 1-855-828-9909, by writing the Fund at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, CO 80203, or by calling your financial consultant. This information is also available free of charge on the Funds’ website at www.emeraldmutualfunds.com.

 

You can get copies of the Fund’s shareholder reports, prospectus and statement of additional information after paying a fee by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov. You can get the same reports and information free from the EDGAR Database on the Commission’s Internet web site at http://www.sec.gov.

 

If someone makes a statement about the Funds that is not in this Prospectus, you should not rely upon that information. Neither any Fund nor the Distributor is offering to sell shares of the Funds to any person to whom the Funds may not lawfully sell its shares.

 

 

(Investment Company Act file no. 811-8194)

 

 

 

 

Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Funds’ annual and semi-annual shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Funds’ website at www.GrandeurPeakGlobal.com and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

 

Beginning on January 1, 2019, you may, notwithstanding the availability of shareholder reports online, elect to receive all future shareholder reports in paper free of charge. If you invest through a financial intermediary, you can contact your financial intermediary to request that you continue to receive paper copies of your shareholder reports. If you invest directly with the Funds, you can call 1.855.377.7325 to let the Funds know you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports.

 

If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Funds electronically anytime by contacting your financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank) or, if you are a direct investor, by enrolling at www.GrandeurPeakGlobal.com.

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

   

Summary Sections

2

Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund

2

Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund

6

Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund

10

Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund

14

Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund

18

Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund

22

Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund

26

Investment Objectives and Principal Strategies

30

More on Each Fund’s Investments and Related Risks

33

Management

37

The Portfolio Managers

38

Administrator, Transfer Agent and Distributor

41

Buying, Exchanging and Redeeming Shares

41

Share Transactions

47

Dividends and Distributions

49

Taxes

50

Financial Highlights

52

Additional Information About Each Fund

Back Cover

 

 

1.855.377.PEAK (7325) | www.GrandeurPeakGlobal.com

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds EMERGING MARKETS OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund (THE “FUND”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The Fund’s investment objective is long-term growth of capital.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Investor
Shares

Institutional
Shares

Redemption Fee (as a percentage of or amount redeemed within 60 days of purchase)

2.00%

2.00%

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

 

Management Fees

1.35%

1.35%

Distribution and service (12b-1) fees

0.25%

0.00%

Other Expenses

0.18%

0.18%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses*

1.78%

1.53%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement**(1)

-0.01%

-0.01%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement

1.77%

1.52%

 

*

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses have been restated to reflect current fees.

 

**

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”), has agreed to waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) to 1.95% and 1.70% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that a Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fee and expenses were deferred. The Expense Agreement may not be terminated or modified prior to August 31, 2020 except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

(1)

As part as the same Expense Agreement, effective September 1, 2019, the Adviser has agreed to waive annual management fees to the extent such fees exceed 1.20% on all assets above $400 million. This waiver of management fees is not subject to recapture by the Adviser.

 

EXAMPLE

This example helps you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example reflects the net operating expenses with expense waivers through the current term of the Expense Agreement, which ends on August 31, 2020. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

 

Although your actual
costs may be higher or
lower, based on these
assumptions your cost
would be:

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Investor Shares

$180

$559

$963

$2,091

Institutional Shares

$155

$482

$833

$1,820

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate and may also result in more income taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 34% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUND

The Fund currently invests primarily in micro- to mid-cap companies (as further described below) domiciled in emerging or frontier markets.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Adviser will invest at least 80% of the Fund’s assets in equity securities of companies that are domiciled in emerging or frontier markets. Emerging and frontier markets include all countries currently excluded from the MSCI World Index of developed countries. Domicile is determined by where the company is organized, located, has the majority of its assets, or receives the majority of its revenue.

 

The Fund will typically invest in securities issued by companies domiciled in each of at least three emerging or frontier markets. The Fund will invest the Fund’s assets primarily in companies with market capitalizations of less than $5 billion at the time of purchase. The Fund may invest a significant portion of its total assets in micro-cap companies with market capitalizations below $1 billion (up to 90% at the time of purchase under normal market conditions).

 

Through October 31, 2019, the Fund may also invest a portion of its total assets (up to 35% under normal market conditions) in securities of companies with market capitalizations of greater

 

2

1.855.377.PEAK (7325) | www.GrandeurPeakGlobal.com

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds EMERGING MARKETS OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

than $5 billion at the time of purchase when the companies meet our investment criteria. Effective November 1, 2019, the Fund may also invest a portion of its total assets (up to 50% under normal market conditions) in securities of companies with market capitalizations of greater than $5 billion at the time of purchase when the companies meet our investment criteria.

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe followed by “bottom up” fundamental analysis to identify growth companies that it believes to be best-in-class among their global peers. This fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively to visit companies and expects to meet with senior management. The Fund may also invest in growth companies that the Adviser believes have hit a temporary setback and therefore have a particularly appealing valuation relative to their long-term growth potential. At times, the Fund may invest in early stage companies and Initial Public Offerings (IPOs).

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best growth opportunities and valuations currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

All investments carry some degree of risk that will affect the value of the Fund, its investment performance and the price of its shares. As a result, you may lose money if you invest in the Fund.

 

The shares offered by this Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

The Fund is subject to the following principal investment risks:

 

Stock Market Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline due to movements in the overall stock market.

 

Stock Selection Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline in value even when the overall stock market is not in a general decline.

 

Micro-Cap Company Risk. The securities of micro-cap companies may be particularly volatile in price, and such securities have significantly lower trading volumes than small- or mid-cap companies. As a result, the purchase or sale of more than a limited number of shares may affect its market price. The Fund may need more time to purchase or sell its positions in such securities. Some micro-cap companies may not have much publicly available information relative to larger companies. Micro-cap companies may also have limited markets, financial resources or product lines, may lack management depth, and may be more vulnerable to adverse business or market developments.

 

Region Risk. Social, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country or region could significantly affect the market in that country or region. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact the issuers of securities in a different country or region. From time to time, a small number of companies and industries may represent a large portion of the market in a particular country or region, and these companies and industries can be sensitive to adverse social, political, economic or regulatory developments.

 

Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets will be affected by foreign currency exchange rates and may be affected by exchange control regulations. A change in the value of any foreign currency will change the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets that are denominated or traded in that country. In addition, the Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. A risk of not hedging currencies is that if the U.S. dollar strengthens, returns from foreign markets will be less when converted into U.S. dollars.

 

Political and Economic Risk. Foreign investments may be subject to heightened political and economic risks, particularly in countries with emerging economies and securities markets, which may have relatively unstable governments and economies based on only a few industries. In some countries, there is the risk that the government could seize or nationalize companies, impose additional withholding taxes on dividends or interest income payable on securities, impose exchange controls or adopt other restrictions that could affect the Fund’s investments.

 

Regulatory Risk. Foreign companies not publicly traded in the United States are not subject to accounting and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those U.S. companies must meet. In addition, there may be less information publicly available about such companies.

 

Foreign Securities and Foreign Markets Risk. Foreign securities are generally more volatile and less liquid than U.S. securities. Further, foreign securities may be subject to additional risks not associated with investment in U.S. securities due to differences in the economic and political environment, the amount of available public information, the degree of market regulation, and financial reporting, accounting and auditing standards, and, in the case of foreign currency-denominated securities, fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Certain foreign markets may require payment for securities before delivery and delays may be encountered in settling securities transactions. In some foreign markets, there may not be protection against failure by other parties to complete transactions. There may be limited legal recourse against an issuer in the event of a default on a debt instrument.

 

Emerging and Frontier Markets Risk. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities in general, the risks of investing in the securities of companies domiciled in emerging and frontier market countries include increased political or social instability, economies based on only a few industries, unstable currencies, runaway inflation, highly volatile securities markets, unpredictable shifts in policies relating to foreign investments, lack of protection for investors against parties who fail to complete transactions, and the potential for government seizure of assets or nationalization of companies.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

3

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds EMERGING MARKETS OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

Small-Cap, and Mid-Cap Company Stock Risk. Small-cap and mid-cap company stocks may be very sensitive to changing economic conditions and market downturns. Small-cap, and mid-cap companies’ earnings and revenues may be less predictable, their share prices may be more volatile, and markets less liquid than companies with larger market capitalizations. There may be less publicly available information about these companies, which can affect the pricing of their shares or the Fund’s ability to dispose of those shares.

 

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling less liquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of the investment, or other investments, at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk. The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Early Stage Companies Risk. Early stage companies may never obtain necessary financing, may rely on untested business plans, may not be successful in developing markets for their products or services, and may remain an insignificant part of their industry, and as such may never be profitable. Stocks of early stage companies may be less liquid, privately traded, and more volatile and speculative than the securities of larger companies.

 

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Risk. IPOs involve a higher degree of risk because companies involved in IPOs generally have limited operating histories and their prospects for future profitability are uncertain. Prices of IPOs may also be unstable due to the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available for trading and limited investor information.

 

Growth Stock Risk. Growth stock prices may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the prices of other stocks, and they may fall or not appreciate in step with the broader securities markets.

 

Value Investing Risk. Value investing attempts to identify strong companies whose stocks are selling at a discount from their perceived true worth, and is subject to the risk that the stocks’ intrinsic values may never be fully recognized or realized by the market, their prices may go down, or that stocks judged to be undervalued may actually be appropriately priced.

 

Foreign Tax Risk. The Fund’s income from foreign issuers may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. A Fund may also be subject to taxes on trading profits or on transfers of securities in some countries. To the extent foreign income taxes are paid by the Fund, shareholders may not be entitled to a credit or deduction for U.S. tax purposes.

 

Transaction Costs. The costs of buying and selling foreign securities including brokerage, tax and custody costs are generally higher than those for domestic transactions.

 

Sector Weightings Risk. Market conditions, interest rates and economic, regulatory or financial developments could significantly affect all the securities in a single sector. If the Fund invests in a few sectors, it may have increased relative exposure to the price movements of those sectors.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. The bar chart figures do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay when they buy or sell shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to broad-based securities market indices. The indices are not actively managed and are not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance is available on the Fund’s website www.grandeurpeakglobal.com or by calling 855-377-PEAK(7325).

 

Annual Total Returns (years ended 12/31)

 

Best Quarter – March 31, 2017

10.43%

Worst Quarter – September 30, 2015

-12.94%

 

The Fund’s Investor Class shares year-to-date returns as of June 30, 2019 was 15.71%.

 

4

1.855.377.PEAK (7325) | www.GrandeurPeakGlobal.com

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds EMERGING MARKETS OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for the periods ended December 31, 2018)

 

1 Year

5 Years

Since Inception
(December 16, 2013)

Investor

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-20.65%

1.94%

2.10%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-20.73%

1.57%

1.74%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-11.98%

1.46%

1.59%

Institutional

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-20.48%

2.16%

2.33%

MSCI EM SMID Cap Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-15.51%

1.20%

1.52%

MSCI EM IMI Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-14.71%

1.94%

2.19%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historically highest individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. The after-tax return information shown above does not apply to Fund shares held through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.

 

After-tax returns are shown only for Investor Class shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Institutional Class shares will vary from those shown for Investor Class shares due to varying sales charges and expenses among the classes.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

Lead Managers: Blake Walker, since inception in 2013. Stuart Rigby, since 2017.

 

Guardian Portfolio Manager: Liping Cai, since 2018.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

As of the close of business on December 31, 2017, the Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund was closed to new shareholders seeking to purchase shares of the Fund through financial intermediaries, subject to certain exceptions for financial advisors with an established position in the Fund and participants in certain qualified retirement plans with an existing position in the Fund. The Fund remains open to purchases from existing shareholders, and to new shareholders who purchase directly from Grandeur Peak Funds. The Fund’s investment adviser retains the ability, subject to the oversight of the Board, to make exceptions to any action taken to close the Fund or limit inflows into the Fund.

 

The Fund offers two classes of shares, Investor Class and Institutional Class shares. The minimum initial investment for both share classes is $2,000 for each account, or $1,000 if an Automatic Investment Program is established; except that the minimum to open an UGMA/UTMA or a Coverdell Education Savings Account is $100. There is no subsequent minimum investment amount for either share class.

 

Purchases, exchanges and redemptions may be made on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms, or directly with the Fund through the Fund’s website at www.grandeurpeakglobal.com, by telephone at 855-377-PEAK(7325) or by regular mail at P.O. Box 13664, Denver, CO 80201.

 

TAX INFORMATION

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is held in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

5

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds GLOBAL MICRO CAP FUND

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund (THE “FUND”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The Fund’s investment objective is long-term growth of capital.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Institutional
Shares

Redemption Fee (as a percentage of or amount redeemed within 60 days of purchase)

2.00%

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Management Fees

1.50%

Distribution and service (12b-1) fees

0.00%

Total Other Expenses

0.55%

Recoupment of previously waived fees

0.02%

Other Expenses

0.53%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

2.05%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement*

-0.05%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement

2.00%

 

*

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”), has agreed to waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) to 2.00% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Institutional Class Shares. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that a Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fee and expenses were deferred. This agreement may not be terminated or modified prior to August 31, 2020 except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

EXAMPLE

This example helps you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. This example reflects the net operating expenses with expense waivers through the current term of the Expense Agreement, which ends on August 31, 2020. Any agreement by the Adviser to waive fees is only included for the one-year period in the expense example. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your cost would be:

 

Number Of Years You
Own Your Shares

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Institutional Shares

$203

$638

$1,098

$2,372

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may also result in more income taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 37% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUND

The Fund invests primarily in foreign and domestic micro-cap companies.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Adviser will invest at least 80% of the Fund’s in equity securities of foreign and domestic companies with market capitalizations of less than $1 billion at the time of purchase.

 

The Fund will invest a significant portion of its total assets in securities issued by companies that are domiciled outside the United States. Domicile is determined by where the company is organized, located, has the majority of its assets, or receives the majority of its revenue. The Fund may invest a significant amount of its total assets in securities issued by companies domiciled in emerging and frontier market countries. Emerging and frontier markets are those countries currently excluded from the MSCI World Index of developed markets.

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe, followed by “bottom up” fundamental analysis to identify growth companies that it believes to be best-in-class among their global peers. This fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively to visit companies and generally expects to meet with senior management.

 

The Fund may invest in early stage companies and Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). The Fund may also invest in growth companies that the Adviser believes have hit a temporary setback and therefore have a particularly appealing valuation relative to their long-term growth potential.

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds GLOBAL MICRO CAP FUND

 

assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best growth opportunities and valuations currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

All investments carry some degree of risk that will affect the value of the Fund, its investment performance and the price of its shares. As a result, you may lose money if you invest in the Fund.

 

The shares offered by this Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

The Fund is subject to the following principal investment risks:

 

Stock Market Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline due to movements in the overall stock market.

 

Stock Selection Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline in value even when the overall stock market is not in a general decline.

 

Region Risk. Social, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country or region could significantly affect the market in that country or region. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact the issuers of securities in a different country or region. From time to time, a small number of companies and industries may represent a large portion of the market in a particular country or region, and these companies and industries can be sensitive to adverse social, political, economic or regulatory developments.

 

Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets will be affected by foreign currency exchange rates and may be affected by exchange control regulations. A change in the value of any foreign currency will change the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets that are denominated or traded in that country. In addition, the Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. A risk of not hedging currencies is that if the U.S. dollar strengthens, returns from foreign markets will be less when converted into U.S. dollars.

 

Political and Economic Risk. Foreign investments may be subject to heightened political and economic risks, particularly in countries with emerging economies and securities markets, which may have relatively unstable governments and economies based on only a few industries. In some countries, there is the risk that the government could seize or nationalize companies, impose additional withholding taxes on dividends or interest income payable on securities, impose exchange controls or adopt other restrictions that could affect the Fund’s investments.

 

Regulatory Risk. Foreign companies not publicly traded in the United States are not subject to accounting and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those U.S. companies must meet. In addition, there may be less information publicly available about such companies.

 

Foreign Securities and Markets Risk. Foreign securities are generally more volatile and less liquid than U.S. securities. Further, foreign securities may be subject to additional risks not associated with investment in U.S. securities due to differences in the economic and political environment, the amount of available public information, the degree of market regulation, and financial reporting, accounting and auditing standards, and, in the case of foreign currency-denominated securities, fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Certain foreign markets may require payment for securities before delivery and delays may be encountered in settling securities transactions. In some foreign markets, there may not be protection against failure by other parties to complete transactions. There may be limited legal recourse against an issuer in the event of a default on a debt instrument.

 

Emerging and Frontier Markets Risk. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities in general, the risks of investing in the securities of companies domiciled in emerging and frontier market countries include increased political or social instability, economies based on only a few industries, unstable currencies, runaway inflation, highly volatile securities markets, unpredictable shifts in policies relating to foreign investments, lack of protection for investors against parties who fail to complete transactions, and the potential for government seizure of assets or nationalization of companies.

 

Micro-Cap and Small-Cap Company Stock Risk. Micro-cap and small-cap company stocks may be very sensitive to changing economic conditions and market downturns. Micro-cap and small-cap companies’ earnings and revenues may be less predictable, their share prices may be more volatile, and markets less liquid than companies with larger market capitalizations. There may be less publicly available information about these companies, which can affect the pricing of their shares or the Fund’s ability to dispose of those shares.

 

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling such less liquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of the investment, or other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk. The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Early Stage Companies Risk. Early stage companies may never obtain necessary financing, may rely on untested business plans, may not be successful in developing markets for their products or services, and may remain an insignificant part of their industry, and as such may never be profitable. Stocks of early stage companies may be less liquid, privately traded, and more volatile and speculative than the securities of larger companies.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

7

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds GLOBAL MICRO CAP FUND

 

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Risk. IPOs involve a higher degree of risk because companies involved in IPOs generally have limited operating histories and their prospects for future profitability are uncertain. Prices of IPOs may also be unstable due to the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available for trading and limited investor information.

 

Growth Stock Risk. Growth stock prices may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the prices of other stocks, and they may fall or not appreciate in step with the broader securities markets.

 

Value Investing Risk. Value investing attempts to identify strong companies whose stocks are selling at a discount from their perceived true worth, and is subject to the risk that the stocks’ intrinsic values may never be fully recognized or realized by the market, their prices may go down, or that stocks judged to be undervalued may actually be appropriately priced.

 

Foreign Tax Risk. The Fund’s income from foreign issuers may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. The Fund may also be subject to taxes on trading profits or on transfers of securities in some countries. To the extent foreign income taxes are paid by the Fund, shareholders may not be entitled to a credit or deduction for U.S. tax purposes.

 

Transaction Costs. The costs of buying and selling foreign securities including brokerage, tax and custody costs are generally higher than those for domestic transactions.

 

Sector Weightings Risk. Market conditions, interest rates and economic, regulatory or financial developments could significantly affect all the securities in a single sector. If the Fund invests in a few sectors, it may have increased relative exposure to the price movements of those sectors.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. The bar chart figures do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay when they buy or sell shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to broad-based securities market indices. The indices are not actively managed and are not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance is available on the Fund’s website www.grandeurpeakglobal.com or by calling 855-377-PEAK(7325).

 

Annual Total Returns (years ended 12/31)

 

Best Quarter – September 30, 2016

8.95%

Worst Quarter – December 31, 2018

-14.17%

 

The fund’s Institutional Class shares year-to-date returns as of June 30, 2019 was 13.07%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for the periods ended December 31, 2018)

 

1 Year

Since Inception
(October 21, 2015)

Institutional

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-17.77%

5.70%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-18.95%

4.57%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-9.51%

4.50%

MSCI ACWI Small Cap Index
(reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-14.03%

5.36%

MSCI World Micro Cap Index
(reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-18.43%

5.38%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historically highest individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. The after-tax return information shown above does not apply to Fund shares held through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors LLC is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

Lead Portfolio Manager: Amy Hu Sunderland, since inception in 2015.

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds GLOBAL MICRO CAP FUND

 

Guardian Portfolio Manager: Robert Gardiner, since inception in 2015.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

As of the close of business on December 31, 2015, the Fund was closed to both new and existing investors seeking to purchase shares of the Fund either directly or through third party intermediaries, subject to certain exceptions for participants in certain qualified retirement plans with an existing position in the Fund and direct shareholders with existing accounts who may purchase up to the amount of the current IRA catch up limit per year in additional shares, regardless of account type. The Fund’s investment adviser retains the ability, subject to the oversight of the Board, to make exceptions to any action taken to close the Fund or limit inflows into the Fund.

 

The Fund offers one class of shares, Institutional Class shares. The minimum initial investment for Institutional Class shares is $2,000 for each account, or $1,000 if an Automatic Investment Program is established; except that the minimum to open an UGMA/UTMA or a Coverdell Education Savings Account is $100. There is no subsequent investment minimum for Institutional Class shares.

 

Purchases, exchanges and redemptions may be made on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms, or directly with the Fund through the Fund’s website at www.grandeurpeakglobal.com, by telephone at 855-377-PEAK(7325) or by regular mail at P.O. Box 13664, Denver, CO 80201.

 

TAX INFORMATION

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is held in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

9

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund (THE “FUND”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The Fund’s investment objective is long-term growth of capital.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Investor
Shares

Institutional
Shares

Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed within 60 days of purchase)

2.00%

2.00%

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

 

Management Fees

1.25%

1.25%

Distribution and service (12b-1) fees

0.25%

0.00%

Other Expenses

0.12%

0.12%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses*

1.62%

1.37%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement**(1)

-0.04%

-0.04%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement

1.58%

1.33%

 

*

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses have been restated to reflect current fees.

 

**

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”), has agreed to waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) to 1.75% and 1.50% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne the Expense Agreement to the extent that a Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fee and expenses were deferred. The Expense Agreement may not be terminated or modified prior to August 31, 2020 except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

(1)

As part as the same Expense Agreement, effective September 1, 2019, the Adviser has agreed to waive annual management fees to the extent such fees exceed 1.10% on all assets above $500 million. This waiver of management fees is not subject to recapture by the Adviser.

 

EXAMPLE

This example helps you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example reflects the net operating expenses with expense waivers through the current term of the Expense Agreement, which ends on August 31, 2020. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

 

Although your actual
costs may be higher or
lower, based on these
assumptions your cost
would be:

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Investor Shares

$135

$430

$746

$1,641

Institutional Shares

$161

$507

$877

$1,916

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may also result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. For the Fund’s most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 38% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUND

The Fund invests primarily in foreign and domestic small- and micro-cap companies.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Adviser will invest the Fund’s assets primarily in equity securities of foreign and domestic companies with market capitalizations of less than $5 billion at the time of purchase. The Fund may invest a significant portion of its total assets in micro-cap companies with market capitalizations below $1 billion (up to 90% under normal market conditions).The Fund may also invest a significant portion of its total assets (up to 35% under normal market conditions) in securities of companies with market capitalizations of greater than $5 billion at the time of purchase when the companies meet our investment criteria.

 

The Fund will typically invest in securities issued by companies domiciled in at least three countries, including the United States. The Fund will invest a significant portion of its total assets (at least 40% under normal market conditions) at the time of purchase in securities issued by companies that are domiciled outside the United States. Domicile is determined by where the company is organized, located, has the majority of its assets, or receives the majority of its revenue.

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

The Fund may invest a significant amount of its total assets (up to 50% under normal market conditions) at the time of purchase in securities issued by companies domiciled in emerging and frontier market countries. Emerging and frontier markets are those countries currently excluded from the MSCI World Index of developed markets.

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe, followed by “bottom up” fundamental analysis to identify growth companies that it believes to be best-in-class among their global peers. This fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively to visit companies and generally expects to meet with senior management.

 

The Fund may also invest in growth companies that the Adviser believes have hit a temporary setback and therefore have a particularly appealing valuation relative to their long-term growth potential. At times, the Fund may invest in early stage companies and Initial Public Offerings (IPOs).

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best growth opportunities and valuations currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

All investments carry some degree of risk that will affect the value of the Fund, its investment performance and the price of its shares. As a result, you may lose money if you invest in the Fund.

 

The shares offered by this Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

The Fund is subject to the following principal investment risks:

 

Stock Market Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline due to movements in the overall stock market.

 

Stock Selection Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline in value even when the overall stock market is not in a general decline.

 

Micro-Cap Company Risk. The securities of micro-cap companies may be particularly volatile in price, and such securities have significantly lower trading volumes than small- or mid-cap companies. As a result, the purchase or sale of more than a limited number of shares may affect its market price. The Fund may need more time to purchase or sell its positions in such securities. Some micro-cap companies may not have much publicly available information relative to larger companies. Micro-cap companies may also have limited markets, financial resources or product lines, may lack management depth, and may be more vulnerable to adverse business or market developments.

 

Region Risk. Social, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country or region could significantly affect the market in that country or region. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact the issuers of securities in a different country or region. From time to time, a small number of companies and industries may represent a large portion of the market in a particular country or region, and these companies and industries can be sensitive to adverse social, political, economic or regulatory developments.

 

Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets will be affected by foreign currency exchange rates and may be affected by exchange control regulations. A change in the value of any foreign currency will change the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets that are denominated or traded in that country. In addition, the Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. A risk of not hedging currencies is that if the U.S. dollar strengthens, returns from foreign markets will be less when converted into U.S. dollars.

 

Political and Economic Risk. Foreign investments may be subject to heightened political and economic risks, particularly in countries with emerging economies and securities markets, which may have relatively unstable governments and economies based on only a few industries. In some countries, there is the risk that the government could seize or nationalize companies, impose additional withholding taxes on dividends or interest income payable on securities, impose exchange controls or adopt other restrictions that could affect the Fund’s investments.

 

Regulatory Risk. Foreign companies not publicly traded in the United States are not subject to accounting and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those U.S. companies must meet. In addition, there may be less information publicly available about such companies.

 

Foreign Securities and Foreign Markets Risk. Foreign securities are generally more volatile and less liquid than U.S. securities. Further, foreign securities may be subject to additional risks not associated with investment in U.S. securities due to differences in the economic and political environment, the amount of available public information, the degree of market regulation, and financial reporting, accounting and auditing standards, and, in the case of foreign currency-denominated securities, fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Certain foreign markets may require payment for securities before delivery and delays may be encountered in settling securities transactions. In some foreign markets, there may not be protection against failure by other parties to complete transactions. There may be limited legal recourse against an issuer in the event of a default on a debt instrument.

 

Emerging and Frontier Markets Risk. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities in general, the risks of investing in the securities of companies domiciled in emerging and frontier

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

11

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

market countries include increased political or social instability, economies based on only a few industries, unstable currencies, runaway inflation, highly volatile securities markets, unpredictable shifts in policies relating to foreign investments, lack of protection for investors against parties who fail to complete transactions, and the potential for government seizure of assets or nationalization of companies.

 

Small-Cap, and Mid-Cap Company Stock Risk. Small-cap and mid-cap company stocks may be very sensitive to changing economic conditions and market downturns. Small-cap, and mid-cap companies’ earnings and revenues may be less predictable, their share prices may be more volatile, and markets less liquid than companies with larger market capitalizations. There may be less publicly available information about these companies, which can affect the pricing of their shares or the Fund’s ability to dispose of those shares.

 

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling such less liquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of the investment, or other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk. The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Early Stage Companies Risk. Early stage companies may never obtain necessary financing, may rely on untested business plans, may not be successful in developing markets for their products or services, and may remain an insignificant part of their industry, and as such may never be profitable. Stocks of early stage companies may be less liquid, privately traded, and more volatile and speculative than the securities of larger companies.

 

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Risk. IPOs involve a higher degree of risk because companies involved in IPOs generally have limited operating histories and their prospects for future profitability are uncertain. Prices of IPOs may also be unstable due to the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available for trading and limited investor information.

 

Growth Stock Risk. Growth stock prices may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the prices of other stocks, and they may fall or not appreciate in step with the broader securities markets.

 

Value Investing Risk. Value investing attempts to identify strong companies whose stocks are selling at a discount from their perceived true worth, and is subject to the risk that the stocks’ intrinsic values may never be fully recognized or realized by the market, their prices may go down, or that stocks judged to be undervalued may actually be appropriately priced.

 

Sector Weightings Risk. Market conditions, interest rates and economic, regulatory or financial developments could significantly affect all the securities in a single sector. If the Fund invests in a few sectors, it may have increased relative exposure to the price movements of those sectors.

 

Foreign Tax Risk. A Fund’s income from foreign issuers may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. A Fund may also be subject to taxes on trading profits or on transfers of securities in some countries. To the extent foreign income taxes are paid by a Fund, shareholders may not be entitled to a credit or deduction for U.S. tax purposes.

 

Transaction Costs. The costs of buying and selling foreign securities including brokerage, tax and custody costs are generally higher than those for domestic transactions.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. The bar chart figures do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay when they buy or sell shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to broad-based securities market indices. The indices are not actively managed and are not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance is available on the Fund’s website www.grandeurpeakglobal.com or by calling 855-377-PEAK(7325).

 

Annual Total Returns (years ended 12/31)

 

Best Quarter – March 31, 2012

16.08%

Worst Quarter – December 31, 2018

-16.07%

 

The Fund’s Investor Class shares year-to-date return as of June 30, 2019 was 18.77%.

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for the periods ended December 31, 2018)

 

1 Year

5 Years

Since Inception
(October 17, 2011)

Investor Class

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-17.97%

3.99%

11.02%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-19.91%

2.53%

9.67%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-9.19%

3.08%

8.84%

Institutional Class

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-18.07%

4.19%

11.30%

MSCI ACWI Small Cap Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-14.03%

4.00%

9.19%

MSCI ACWI IMI Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-9.61%

4.72%

8.89%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historically highest individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. The after-tax return information shown above does not apply to Fund shares held through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.

 

After-tax returns are only shown for Investor Class shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Institutional Class shares will vary from those shown for Investor Class shares due to varying sales charges and expenses among the classes.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

Lead Managers: Robert Gardiner, since inception in 2011. Blake Walker, since inception in 2011.

 

Guardian Portfolio Manager: Amy Hu Sunderland, since 2014.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

As of the close of business on March 5, 2014, the Fund was closed to new shareholders seeking to purchase shares of the Fund through financial intermediaries, subject to certain exceptions for financial advisors with an established position in the Fund and participants in certain qualified retirement plans with an existing position in the Fund. The Fund remains open to purchases from existing shareholders. New shareholders may purchase the Fund if they do so directly from Grandeur Peak Funds.

 

The Fund’s investment adviser retains the ability, subject to the oversight of the Board, to make exceptions to any action taken to close the Fund or limit inflows into the Fund.

 

The Fund offers two classes of shares, Investor Class and Institutional Class shares. The minimum initial investment for both share classes is $2,000 for each account, or $1,000 if an Automatic Investment Program is established; except that the minimum to open an UGMA/UTMA or a Coverdell Education Savings Account is $100. There is no subsequent minimum investment amount for either share class.

 

Purchases, exchanges and redemptions may be made on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms, or directly with the Fund through the Fund’s website at www.grandeurpeakglobal.com, by telephone at 855-377-PEAK(7325) or by regular mail at P.O. Box 13664, Denver, CO 80201.

 

TAX INFORMATION

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is held in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

13

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds GLOBAL REACH FUND

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund (THE “FUND”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The Fund’s investment objective is long-term growth of capital.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Investor
Shares

Institutional
Shares

Redemption Fee (as a percentage of or amount redeemed within 60 days of purchase)

2.00%

2.00%

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

 

Management Fees

1.10%

1.10%

Distribution and service (12b-1) fees

0.25%

0.00%

Other Expenses

0.17%

0.17%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

1.52%

1.27%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement*

0.00%

0.00%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement

1.52%

1.27%

 

*

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”), has agreed to waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) to 1.60% and 1.35% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that a Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fee and expenses were deferred. The Expense Agreement may not be terminated or modified prior to August 31, 2020 except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

EXAMPLE

This example helps you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example reflects net operating expenses with expense waivers through the current term of the Expense Agreement, which ends on August 31, 2020. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

 

Although your actual
costs may be higher or
lower, based on these
assumptions your cost
would be:

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Investor Class

$155

$480

$829

$1,810

Institutional Class

$129

$403

$697

$1,532

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may also result in more income taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. For the Fund’s most recent fiscal year end, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 50% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUND

The Fund invests primarily in foreign and domestic small- and micro-cap companies. Under normal market conditions, the Adviser will invest the Fund’s assets primarily in equity securities of foreign and domestic companies with market capitalizations of less than $5 billion at the time of purchase. The Fund may invest a significant portion of its total assets in micro-cap companies with market capitalizations below $1 billion (up to 90% under normal market conditions). The Fund may also invest a meaningful portion of its total assets (up to 35% under normal market conditions) in securities of companies with market capitalizations of greater than $5 billion at the time of purchase when the companies meet our investment criteria.

 

The Fund will typically invest in securities issued by companies domiciled in each of at least ten countries, including the United States. The Fund will invest a significant portion of its total assets (at least 40% under normal market conditions) at the time of purchase in securities issued by companies that are domiciled outside the United States. Domicile is determined by where the company is organized, located, has the majority of its assets, or receives the majority of its revenue.

 

The Fund may invest a significant amount of its total assets (up to 50% under normal market conditions) at the time of purchase in securities issued by companies domiciled in emerging and frontier markets. Emerging and frontier markets are those countries currently excluded from the MSCI World Index of developed markets.

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe, followed by “bottom up” fundamental analysis to identify growth companies that it believes to be best-in-class

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds GLOBAL REACH FUND

 

among their global peers. This fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively to visit companies and generally expects to meet with senior management.

 

The Fund may also invest in growth companies that the Adviser believes have hit a temporary setback and therefore have a particularly appealing valuation relative to their long-term growth potential. At times, the Fund may invest in early stage companies and Initial Public Offerings (IPOs).

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best growth opportunities and valuations currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

All investments carry some degree of risk that will affect the value of the Fund, its investment performance and the price of its shares. As a result, you may lose money if you invest in the Fund.

 

The shares offered by this Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

The Fund is subject to the following principal investment risks:

 

Stock Market Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline due to movements in the overall stock market.

 

Stock Selection Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline in value even when the overall stock market is not in a general decline.

 

Micro-Cap Company Risk. The securities of micro-cap companies may be particularly volatile in price, and such securities have significantly lower trading volumes than small- or mid-cap companies. As a result, the purchase or sale of more than a limited number of shares may affect its market price. The Fund may need more time to purchase or sell its positions in such securities. Some micro-cap companies may not have much publicly available information relative to larger companies. Micro-cap companies may also have limited markets, financial resources or product lines, may lack management depth, and may be more vulnerable to adverse business or market developments.

 

Region Risk. Social, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country or region could significantly affect the market in that country or region. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact the issuers of securities in a different country or region. From time to time, a small number of companies and industries may represent a large portion of the market in a particular country or region, and these companies and industries can be sensitive to adverse social, political, economic or regulatory developments.

 

Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets will be affected by foreign currency exchange rates and may be affected by exchange control regulations. A change in the value of any foreign currency will change the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets that are denominated or traded in that country. In addition, the Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. A risk of not hedging currencies is that if the U.S. dollar strengthens, returns from foreign markets will be less when converted into U.S. dollars.

 

Political and Economic Risk. Foreign investments may be subject to heightened political and economic risks, particularly in countries with emerging economies and securities markets, which may have relatively unstable governments and economies based on only a few industries. In some countries, there is the risk that the government could seize or nationalize companies, impose additional withholding taxes on dividends or interest income payable on securities, impose exchange controls or adopt other restrictions that could affect the Fund’s investments.

 

Regulatory Risk. Foreign companies not publicly traded in the United States are not subject to accounting and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those U.S. companies must meet. In addition, there may be less information publicly available about such companies.

 

Foreign Securities and Foreign Markets Risk. Foreign securities are generally more volatile and less liquid than U.S. securities. Further, foreign securities may be subject to additional risks not associated with investment in U.S. securities due to differences in the economic and political environment, the amount of available public information, the degree of market regulation, and financial reporting, accounting and auditing standards, and, in the case of foreign currency-denominated securities, fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Certain foreign markets may require payment for securities before delivery and delays may be encountered in settling securities transactions. In some foreign markets, there may not be protection against failure by other parties to complete transactions. There may be limited legal recourse against an issuer in the event of a default on a debt instrument.

 

Emerging and Frontier Markets Risk. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities in general, the risks of investing in the securities of companies domiciled in emerging and frontier market countries include increased political or social instability, economies based on only a few industries, unstable currencies, runaway inflation, highly volatile securities markets, unpredictable shifts in policies relating to foreign investments, lack of protection for investors against parties who fail to complete transactions, and the potential for government seizure of assets or nationalization of companies.

 

Small-Cap and Mid-Cap Company Stock Risk. Small-cap and mid-cap company stocks may be very sensitive to changing economic conditions and market downturns. Small-cap and mid-cap companies’ earnings and revenues may be less predictable,

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

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Grandeur Peak Funds GLOBAL REACH FUND

 

their share prices may be more volatile, and markets less liquid than companies with larger market capitalizations. There may be less publicly available information about these companies, which can affect the pricing of their shares or the Fund’s ability to dispose of those shares.

 

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling such less liquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of the investment, or other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk. The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Early Stage Companies Risk. Early stage companies may never obtain necessary financing, may rely on untested business plans, may not be successful in developing markets for their products or services, and may remain an insignificant part of their industry, and as such may never be profitable. Stocks of early stage companies may be less liquid, privately traded, and more volatile and speculative than the securities of larger companies.

 

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Risk. IPOs involve a higher degree of risk because companies involved in IPOs generally have limited operating histories and their prospects for future profitability are uncertain. Prices of IPOs may also be unstable due to the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available for trading and limited investor information.

 

Growth Stock Risk. Growth stock prices may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the prices of other stocks, and they may fall or not appreciate in step with the broader securities markets.

 

Value Investing Risk. Value investing attempts to identify strong companies whose stocks are selling at a discount from their perceived true worth, and is subject to the risk that the stocks’ intrinsic values may never be fully recognized or realized by the market, their prices may go down, or that stocks judged to be undervalued may actually be appropriately priced.

 

Foreign Tax Risk. The Fund’s income from foreign issuers may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. The Fund may also be subject to taxes on trading profits or on transfers of securities in some countries. To the extent foreign income taxes are paid by the Fund, shareholders may not be entitled to a credit or deduction for U.S. tax purposes.

 

Transaction Costs. The costs of buying and selling foreign securities including brokerage, tax and custody costs are generally higher than those for domestic transactions.

 

Sector Weightings Risk. Market conditions, interest rates and economic, regulatory or financial developments could significantly affect all the securities in a single sector. If the Fund invests in a few sectors, it may have increased relative exposure to the price movements of those sectors.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. The bar chart figures do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay when they buy or sell shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to broad-based securities market indices. The indices are not actively managed and are not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance is available on the Fund’s website www.grandeurpeakglobal.com or by calling 855-377-PEAK(7325).

 

Annual Total Returns (years ended 12/31)

 

Best Quarter – March 31, 2017

8.67%

Worst Quarter – December 31, 2018

-15.79%

 

The Fund’s Investor Class shares year-to-date returns as of June 30, 2019 was 18.47%.

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds GLOBAL REACH FUND

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for the periods ended December 31, 2018)

 

Grandeur Peak Global
Reach

1 Year

5 Years

Since Inception
(June 19, 2013)

Investor

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-15.84%

4.90%

7.81%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-17.80%

4.11%

7.01%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-7.86%

3.82%

6.15%

Institutional

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-15.63%

5.17%

8.06%

MSCI ACWI Small Cap Index
(reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-14.03%

4.00%

6.40%

MSCI ACWI IMI Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-9.61%

4.72%

6.66%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historically highest individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. The after-tax return information shown above does not apply to Fund shares held through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.

 

After-tax returns are shown only for Investor Class shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Institutional Class shares will vary from those shown for Investor Class shares due to varying sales charges and expenses among the classes.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

Portfolio Managers: Amy Hu Sunderland, since inception in 2013. Liping Cai, since 2015. Stuart Rigby, since 2015. Brad Barth since 2016. Mark Madsen since 2016. Juliette Douglas, since 2018. Keefer Babitt, since August 2019.

 

Guardian Portfolio Manager: Randy Pearce, since inception in 2013.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

As of the close of business on September 30, 2014, the Fund was closed to new shareholders seeking to purchase shares of the Fund through financial intermediaries, subject to certain exceptions for financial advisors with an established position in the Fund and participants in certain qualified retirement plans with an existing position in the Fund. The Fund remains open to purchases from existing shareholders. New shareholders may purchase the Fund if they do so directly from Grandeur Peak Funds. The Fund’s investment adviser retains the ability, subject to the oversight of the Board, to make exceptions to any action taken to close the Fund or limit inflows into the Fund.

 

The Fund offers two classes of shares, Investor Class and Institutional Class shares. The minimum initial investment for both share classes is $2,000 for each account, or $1,000 if an Automatic Investment Program is established; except that the minimum to open an UGMA/UTMA or a Coverdell Education Savings Account is $100. There is no subsequent investment minimum for either share class.

 

Purchases, exchanges and redemptions may be made on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms, or directly with the Fund through the Fund’s website at www.grandeurpeakglobal.com, by telephone at 855-377-PEAK(7325) or by regular mail at P.O. Box 13664, Denver, CO 80201.

 

TAX INFORMATION

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is held in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

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Grandeur Peak Funds GLOBAL STALWARTS FUND

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund (THE “FUND”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The Fund’s investment objective is long-term growth of capital.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Investor
Shares

Institutional
Shares

Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed within 60 days of purchase)

2.00%

2.00%

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

 

Management Fees

0.80%

0.80%

Distribution and service (12b-1) fees

0.25%

0.00%

Total Other Expenses

0.22%

0.22%

Recoupment of previously waived fees

0.02%

0.02%

Other Expenses

0.20%

0.20%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

1.27%

1.02%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement*

0.00%

0.00%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement

1.27%

1.02%

 

*

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”), has agreed to waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) to 1.35% and 1.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that a Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fee and expenses were deferred. This agreement may not be terminated or modified prior to August 31, 2020 except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

EXAMPLE

This example helps you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. This example reflects the net operating expenses with expense waivers through the current term of the Expense Agreement, which ends on August 31, 2020. Any agreement by the Adviser to waive fees is only included for the one-year period in the expense example. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your cost would be:

 

Number Of Years You
Own Your Shares

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Investor Shares

$129

$403

$697

$1,532

Institutional Shares

$104

$325

$563

$1,247

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs nt. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may also result in more income taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 52% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUND

The Fund invests primarily in foreign and domestic companies.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Adviser will invest the Fund’s assets primarily in equity securities of foreign and domestic companies with market capitalizations of more than $1.5 billion at the time of purchase.

 

The Fund will invest a significant portion of its total in securities issued by companies that are domiciled outside the United States. Domicile is determined by where the company is organized, located, has the majority of its assets, or receives the majority of its revenue. The Fund may invest a significant amount of its total assets in securities issued by companies domiciled in emerging and frontier market countries. Emerging and frontier markets are those countries currently excluded from the MSCI World Index of developed markets.

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe, followed by “bottom up” fundamental analysis to identify growth companies that it believes to be best-in-class among their global peers. This fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively to visit companies and generally expects to meet with senior management.

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds GLOBAL STALWARTS FUND

 

The Fund may also invest in growth companies that the Adviser believes have hit a temporary setback and therefore have a particularly appealing valuation relative to their long-term growth potential. At times, the Fund may invest in early stage companies and Initial Public Offerings (IPOs).

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best growth opportunities and valuations currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

All investments carry some degree of risk that will affect the value of the Fund, its investment performance and the price of its shares. As a result, you may lose money if you invest in the Fund.

 

The shares offered by this Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

The Fund is subject to the following principal investment risks:

 

Stock Market Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline due to movements in the overall stock market.

 

Stock Selection Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline in value even when the overall stock market is not in a general decline.

 

Region Risk. Social, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country or region could significantly affect the market in that country or region. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact the issuers of securities in a different country or region. From time to time, a small number of companies and industries may represent a large portion of the market in a particular country or region, and these companies and industries can be sensitive to adverse social, political, economic or regulatory developments.

 

Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets will be affected by foreign currency exchange rates and may be affected by exchange control regulations. A change in the value of any foreign currency will change the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets that are denominated or traded in that country. In addition, the Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. A risk of not hedging currencies is that if the U.S. dollar strengthens, returns from foreign markets will be less when converted into U.S. dollars.

 

Political and Economic Risk. Foreign investments may be subject to heightened political and economic risks, particularly in countries with emerging economies and securities markets, which may have relatively unstable governments and economies based on only a few industries. In some countries, there is the risk that the government could seize or nationalize companies, impose additional withholding taxes on dividends or interest income payable on securities, impose exchange controls or adopt other restrictions that could affect the Fund’s investments.

 

Regulatory Risk. Foreign companies not publicly traded in the United States are not subject to accounting and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those U.S. companies must meet. In addition, there may be less information publicly available about such companies.

 

Foreign Securities and Foreign Markets Risk. Foreign securities are generally more volatile and less liquid than U.S. securities. Further, foreign securities may be subject to additional risks not associated with investment in U.S. securities due to differences in the economic and political environment, the amount of available public information, the degree of market regulation, and financial reporting, accounting and auditing standards, and, in the case of foreign currency-denominated securities, fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Certain foreign markets may require payment for securities before delivery and delays may be encountered in settling securities transactions. In some foreign markets, there may not be protection against failure by other parties to complete transactions. There may be limited legal recourse against an issuer in the event of a default on a debt instrument.

 

Emerging and Frontier Markets Risk. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities in general, the risks of investing in the securities of companies domiciled in emerging and frontier market countries include increased political or social instability, economies based on only a few industries, unstable currencies, runaway inflation, highly volatile securities markets, unpredictable shifts in policies relating to foreign investments, lack of protection for investors against parties who fail to complete transactions, and the potential for government seizure of assets or nationalization of companies.

 

Mid-Cap and Small Company Stock Risk. Mid-cap and small-cap company stocks may be very sensitive to changing economic conditions and market downturns. Mid-cap and small-cap companies’ earnings and revenues may be less predictable, their share prices may be more volatile, and markets less liquid than companies with larger market capitalizations. There may be less publicly available information about these companies, which can affect the pricing of their shares or the Fund’s ability to dispose of those shares.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk. The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Early Stage Companies Risk. Early stage companies may never obtain necessary financing, may rely on untested business plans, may not be successful in developing markets for their products or services, and may remain an insignificant part of their industry, and as such may never be profitable. Stocks of early stage companies may be less liquid, privately traded, and more volatile and speculative than the securities of larger companies.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

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Grandeur Peak Funds GLOBAL STALWARTS FUND

 

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Risk. IPOs involve a higher degree of risk because companies involved in IPOs generally have limited operating histories and their prospects for future profitability are uncertain. Prices of IPOs may also be unstable due to the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available for trading and limited investor information.

 

Growth Stock Risk. Growth stock prices may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the prices of other stocks, and they may fall or not appreciate in step with the broader securities markets.

 

Value Investing Risk. Value investing attempts to identify strong companies whose stocks are selling at a discount from their perceived true worth, and is subject to the risk that the stocks’ intrinsic values may never be fully recognized or realized by the market, their prices may go down, or that stocks judged to be undervalued may actually be appropriately priced.

 

Sector Weightings Risk. Market conditions, interest rates and economic, regulatory or financial developments could significantly affect all the securities in a single sector. If the Fund invests in a few sectors, it may have increased relative exposure to the price movements of those sectors.

 

Foreign Tax Risk. A Fund’s income from foreign issuers may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. A Fund may also be subject to taxes on trading profits or on transfers of securities in some countries. To the extent foreign income taxes are paid by a Fund, shareholders may not be entitled to a credit or deduction for U.S. tax purposes.

 

Transaction Costs. The costs of buying and selling foreign securities including brokerage, tax and custody costs are generally higher than those for domestic transactions.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. The bar chart figures do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay when they buy or sell shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to broad-based securities market indices. The indices are not actively managed and are not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance is available on the Fund’s website www.grandeurpeakglobal.com or by calling 855-377-PEAK(7325).

 

Annual Total Returns (years ended 12/31)

 

Best Quarter – March 31, 2017

8.79%

Worst Quarter – December 31, 2018

-16.15%

 

The Fund’s Investor Class shares year-to-date returns as of June 30, 2019 was 20.61%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for the periods ended December 31, 2018)

 

1 Year

Since Inception
(September 2, 2015)

Investor

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-15.12%

7.41%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-15.78%

7.04%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-8.50%

5.77%

Institutional

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-14.90%

7.69%

MSCI ACWI Mid Cap Index
(reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-12.88%

5.78%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historically highest individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. The after-tax return information shown above does not apply to Fund shares held through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.

 

After-tax returns are shown only for Investor Class shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Institutional Class shares will vary from those shown for Investor Class shares due to varying sales charges and expenses among the classes.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors LLC is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

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1.855.377.PEAK (7325) | www.GrandeurPeakGlobal.com

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds GLOBAL STALWARTS FUND

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

Lead Manager: Randy Pearce, since inception in September 2015. Brad Barth, since August 2019.

 

Guardian Portfolio Manager: Robert Gardiner, since inception in September 2015.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

The Fund offers two classes of shares, Investor Class and Institutional Class shares. The minimum initial investment for both share classes is $2,000 for each account, or $1,000 if an Automatic Investment Program is established; except that the minimum to open an UGMA/UTMA or a Coverdell Education Savings Account is $100. There is no subsequent investment minimum for either share class.

 

Purchases, exchanges and redemptions may be made on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms, or directly with the Fund through the Fund’s website at www.grandeurpeakglobal.com, by telephone at 855-377-PEAK(7325) or by regular mail at P.O. Box 13664, Denver, CO 80201.

 

TAX INFORMATION

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is held in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

21

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds INTERNATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund (THE “FUND”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The Fund’s investment objective is long-term growth of capital.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE PORTFOLIO

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Investor
Shares

Institutional
Shares

Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed within 60 days of purchase)

2.00%

2.00%

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

 

Management Fees

1.25%

1.25%

Distribution and service (12b-1) fees

0.25%

0.00%

Other Expenses

0.12%

0.12%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses*

1.62%

1.37%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement**(1)

-0.05%

-0.05%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement

1.57%

1.32%

 

*

Expenses have been restated to reflect current fees.

 

**

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”), has agreed to waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursements (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) to 1.75% and 1.50% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that a Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Funds will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fee and expenses were deferred. The Expense Agreement may not be terminated or modified prior to August 31, 2020 except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

(1)

As part as the same Expense Agreement, effective September 1, 2019, the Adviser has agreed to waive annual management fees to the extent such fees exceed 1.10% on all assets above $500 million. This waiver of management fees is not subject to recapture by the Adviser.

 

EXAMPLE

This example helps you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example reflects net operating expenses with expense waivers through the current term of the Expense Agreement, which ends on August 31, 2020. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

 

Although your actual
costs may be higher or
lower, based on these
assumptions your cost
would be:

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Investor Class

$160

$506

$876

$1,915

Institutional Class

$134

$429

$745

$1,640

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may also result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. For the Fund’s most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 34% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUND

The Fund invests primarily in foreign small- and micro-cap companies.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Adviser will invest the Fund’s assets primarily in equity securities of foreign companies with market capitalizations of less than $5 billion at the time of purchase. Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest in at least five of the countries included in the MSCI AC World Ex- U.S.A. Small Cap Index.

 

The Fund may invest a significant amount of its total assets (up to 60% under normal market conditions) at the time of purchase in securities issued by companies domiciled in emerging and frontier markets. Emerging and frontier markets are those countries currently excluded from the MSCI World Index of developed markets. Domicile is determined by where the company is organized, located, has the majority of its assets, or receives the majority of its revenue.

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe, followed by “bottom up” fundamental analysis to identify growth companies that it believes to be best-in-class

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds INTERNATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

among their global peers. This fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively outside of the United States to visit companies and generally expects to meet with senior management.

 

The Fund may also invest in growth companies that the Adviser believes have hit a temporary setback and therefore have a particularly appealing valuation relative to their long-term growth potential. At times, the Fund may invest in early stage companies and Initial Public Offerings (IPOs).

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best growth opportunities and valuations currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

All investments carry some degree of risk that will affect the value of the Fund, its investment performance and the price of its shares. As a result, you may lose money if you invest in the Fund.

 

The shares offered by this Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

The Fund is subject to the following principal investment risks:

 

Stock Market Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline due to movements in the overall stock market.

 

Stock Selection Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline in value even when the overall stock market is not in a general decline.

 

Micro-Cap Company Risk. The securities of micro-cap companies may be particularly volatile in price, and such securities have significantly lower trading volumes than small- or mid-cap companies. As a result, the purchase or sale of more than a limited number of shares may affect its market price. The Fund may need more time to purchase or sell its positions in such securities. Some micro-cap companies may not have much publicly available information relative to larger companies. Micro-cap companies may also have limited markets, financial resources or product lines, may lack management depth, and may be more vulnerable to adverse business or market developments.

 

Foreign Securities and Foreign Markets Risk. Foreign securities are generally more volatile and less liquid than U.S. securities. Further, foreign securities may be subject to additional risks not associated with investment in U.S. securities due to differences in the economic and political environment, the amount of available public information, the degree of market regulation, and financial reporting, accounting and auditing standards, and, in the case of foreign currency-denominated securities, fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Certain foreign markets may require payment for securities before delivery and delays may be encountered in settling securities transactions. In some foreign markets, there may not be protection against failure by other parties to complete transactions. There may be limited legal recourse against an issuer in the event of a default on a debt instrument.

 

Emerging and Frontier Markets Risk. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities in general, the risks of investing in the securities of companies domiciled in emerging and frontier market countries include increased political or social instability, economies based on only a few industries, unstable currencies, runaway inflation, highly volatile securities markets, unpredictable shifts in policies relating to foreign investments, lack of protection for investors against parties who fail to complete transactions, and the potential for government seizure of assets or nationalization of companies.

 

Small-Cap, and Mid-Cap Company Stock Risk. Small-cap and mid-cap company stocks may be very sensitive to changing economic conditions and market downturns. Small-cap and mid-cap companies’ earnings and revenues may be less predictable, their share prices may be more volatile, and markets less liquid than companies with larger market capitalizations. There may be less publicly available information about these companies, which can affect the pricing of their shares or the Fund’s ability to dispose of those shares.

 

Region Risk. Social, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country or region could significantly affect the market in that country or region. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact the issuers of securities in a different country or region. From time to time, a small number of companies and industries may represent a large portion of the market in a particular country or region, and these companies and industries can be sensitive to adverse social, political, economic or regulatory developments.

 

Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets will be affected by foreign currency exchange rates and may be affected by exchange control regulations. A change in the value of any foreign currency will change the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets that are denominated or traded in that country. In addition, the Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. A risk of not hedging currencies is that if the U.S. dollar strengthens, returns from foreign markets will be less when converted into U.S. dollars.

 

Political and Economic Risk. Foreign investments may be subject to heightened political and economic risks, particularly in countries with emerging economies and securities markets, which may have relatively unstable governments and economies based on only a few industries. In some countries, there is the risk that the government could seize or nationalize companies, impose additional withholding taxes on dividends or interest income payable on securities, impose exchange controls or adopt other restrictions that could affect the Fund’s investments.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

23

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds INTERNATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

Regulatory Risk. Foreign companies not publicly traded in the United States are not subject to accounting and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those U.S. companies must meet. In addition, there may be less information publicly available about such companies.

 

Foreign Tax Risk. A Fund’s income from foreign issuers may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. A Fund may also be subject to taxes on trading profits or on transfers of securities in some countries. To the extent foreign income taxes are paid by a Fund, shareholders may not be entitled to a credit or deduction for U.S. tax purposes.

 

Transaction Costs. The costs of buying and selling foreign securities including brokerage, tax and custody costs are generally higher than those for domestic transactions.

 

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling such less liquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of the investment, or other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk. The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Early Stage Companies Risk. Early stage companies may never obtain necessary financing, may rely on untested business plans, may not be successful in developing markets for their products or services, and may remain an insignificant part of their industry, and as such may never be profitable. Stocks of early stage companies may be less liquid, privately traded and more volatile and speculative than the securities of larger companies.

 

Growth Stock Risk. Growth stock prices may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the prices of other stocks, and they may fall or not appreciate in step with the broader securities markets.

 

Value Investing Risk. Value investing attempts to identify strong companies whose stocks are selling at a discount from their perceived true worth, and is subject to the risk that the stocks’ intrinsic values may never be fully recognized or realized by the market, their prices may go down, or that stocks judged to be undervalued may actually be appropriately priced.

 

Sector Weightings Risk. Market conditions, interest rates and economic, regulatory or financial developments could significantly affect all the securities in a single sector. If the Fund invests in a few sectors, it may have increased relative exposure to the price movements of those sectors.

 

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Risk. IPOs involve a higher degree of risk because companies involved in IPOs generally have limited operating histories and their prospects for future profitability are uncertain. Prices of IPOs may also be unstable due to the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available for trading and limited investor information.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. The bar chart figures do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay when they buy or sell shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to broad-based securities market indices. The indices are not actively managed and are not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance is available on the Fund’s website www.grandeurpeakglobal.com or by calling 855-377-PEAK(7325).

 

Annual Total Returns (years ended 12/31)

 

Best Quarter- March 31, 2012

17.62%

Worst Quarter- December 31, 2018

-16.51%

 

The Fund’s Investor Class shares year-to-date return as of June 30, 2019 was 16.84%.

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds INTERNATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for the periods ended December 31, 2018)

 

1 Year

5 Years

Since Inception
(October 17, 2011)

Investor

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-21.75%

3.20%

10.05%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-23.88%

1.83%

8.84%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-11.22%

2.47%

8.05%

Institutional

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-21.48%

3.43%

10.31%

MSCI ACWI ex USA Small Cap Index
(reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-17.89%

2.33%

6.05%

MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI Index
(reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-14.35%

1.30%

4.98%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historically highest individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. The after-tax return information shown above does not apply to Fund shares held through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.

 

After-tax returns are only shown for Investor Class shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Institutional Class shares will vary from those shown for Investor Class shares due to varying sales charges and expenses among the classes.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

Lead Managers: Blake Walker, since inception in 2011. Mark Madsen, since 2018.

 

Guardian Portfolio Manager: Robert Gardiner, since inception in 2011.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

As of the close of business on April 15, 2019, the Fund was closed to purchases through financial intermediaries unless the purchase is part of: a retirement plan which held the Fund prior to this closure, an automatic reinvestment of a distribution made by the Fund, or a de minimis annual rebalancing approved by a member of the Grandeur Peak client team. The Fund remains open to purchases from existing shareholders. New shareholders may purchase the Fund if they do so directly from Grandeur Peak Funds. The Fund’s investment adviser retains the ability, subject to the oversight of the Board, to make exceptions to any action taken to close the Fund or limit inflows into the Fund.

 

The Fund offers two classes of shares, Investor Class and Institutional Class shares. The minimum initial investment for both share classes is $2,000 for each account, or $1,000 if an Automatic Investment Program is established; except that the minimum to open an UGMA/UTMA or a Coverdell Education Savings Account is $100. There is no subsequent investment minimum for either share class.

 

Purchases, exchanges and redemptions may be made on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms, or directly with the Fund through the Fund’s website at www.grandeurpeakglobal.com, by telephone at 855-377-PEAK(7325) or by regular mail at P.O. Box 13664, Denver, CO 80201.

 

TAX INFORMATION

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is held in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

25

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds INTERNATIONAL STALWARTS FUND

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund (THE “FUND”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The Fund’s investment objective is long-term growth of capital.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE PORTFOLIO

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Investor
Shares

Institutional
Shares

Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed within 60 days of purchase)

2.00%

2.00%

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

 

Management Fees

0.80%

0.80%

Distribution and service (12b-1) fees

0.25%

0.00%

Other Expenses

0.14%

0.14%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

1.19%

0.94%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement*

0.00%

0.00%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement

1.19%

0.94%

 

*

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”), has agreed to waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursements (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) to 1.35% and 1.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that a Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Funds will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fee and expenses were deferred This agreement may not be terminated or modified prior to August 31, 2020 except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

EXAMPLE

This example helps you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. This example reflects the net operating expenses with expense waivers through the current term of the Expense Agreement, which ends on August 31, 2020. Any agreement by the Adviser to waive fees is only included for the one-year period in the expense example. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your cost would be:

 

Number Of Years You
Own Your Shares

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Investor Class

$121

$378

$654

$1,442

Institutional Class

$96

$300

$520

$1,154

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may also result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 42% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUND

The Fund invests primarily in foreign companies.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Adviser will invest the Fund’s assets primarily in equity securities of foreign companies with market capitalizations of more than $1.5 billion at the time of purchase.

 

The Fund may invest a significant amount of its total assets in securities issued by companies domiciled in emerging and frontier market countries. Domicile is determined by where the company is organized, located, has the majority of its assets, or receives the majority of its revenue. Emerging and frontier markets are those countries currently excluded from the MSCI World Index of developed markets.

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe, followed by “bottom up” fundamental analysis to identify growth companies that it believes to be best-in-class among their global peers. This fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively to visit companies and generally expects to meet with senior management.

 

The Fund may also invest in growth companies that the Adviser believes have hit a temporary setback and therefore have a particularly appealing valuation relative to their long-term growth potential. At times, the Fund may invest in early stage companies and Initial Public Offerings (IPOs).

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds INTERNATIONAL STALWARTS FUND

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best growth opportunities and valuations currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

All investments carry some degree of risk that will affect the value of the Fund, its investment performance and the price of its shares. As a result, you may lose money if you invest in the Fund.

 

The shares offered by this Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

The Fund is subject to the following principal investment risks:

 

Stock Market Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline due to movements in the overall stock market.

 

Stock Selection Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline in value even when the overall stock market is not in a general decline.

 

Foreign Securities and Foreign Markets Risk. Foreign securities are generally more volatile and less liquid than U.S. securities. Further, foreign securities may be subject to additional risks not associated with investment in U.S. securities due to differences in the economic and political environment, the amount of available public information, the degree of market regulation, and financial reporting, accounting and auditing standards, and, in the case of foreign currency-denominated securities, fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Certain foreign markets may require payment for securities before delivery and delays may be encountered in settling securities transactions. In some foreign markets, there may not be protection against failure by other parties to complete transactions. There may be limited legal recourse against an issuer in the event of a default on a debt instrument.

 

Emerging and Frontier Markets Risk. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities in general, the risks of investing in the securities of companies domiciled in emerging and frontier market countries include increased political or social instability, economies based on only a few industries, unstable currencies, runaway inflation, highly volatile securities markets, unpredictable shifts in policies relating to foreign investments, lack of protection for investors against parties who fail to complete transactions, and the potential for government seizure of assets or nationalization of companies.

 

Region Risk. Social, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country or region could significantly affect the market in that country or region. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact the issuers of securities in a different country or region. From time to time, a small number of companies and industries may represent a large portion of the market in a particular country or region, and these companies and industries can be sensitive to adverse social, political, economic or regulatory developments.

 

Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets will be affected by foreign currency exchange rates and may be affected by exchange control regulations. A change in the value of any foreign currency will change the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets that are denominated or traded in that country. In addition, the Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. A risk of not hedging currencies is that if the U.S. dollar strengthens, returns from foreign markets will be less when converted into U.S. dollars.

 

Political and Economic Risk. Foreign investments may be subject to heightened political and economic risks, particularly in countries with emerging economies and securities markets, which may have relatively unstable governments and economies based on only a few industries. In some countries, there is the risk that the government could seize or nationalize companies, impose additional withholding taxes on dividends or interest income payable on securities, impose exchange controls or adopt other restrictions that could affect the Fund’s investments.

 

Regulatory Risk. Foreign companies not publicly traded in the United States are not subject to accounting and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those U.S. companies must meet. In addition, there may be less information publicly available about such companies.

 

Mid-Cap and Small Company Stock Risk. Mid-cap and small-cap company stocks may be very sensitive to changing economic conditions and market downturns. Mid-cap and small-cap companies’ earnings and revenues may be less predictable, their share prices may be more volatile, and markets less liquid than companies with larger market capitalizations. There may be less publicly available information about these companies, which can affect the pricing of their shares or the Fund’s ability to dispose of those shares.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk. The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Early Stage Companies Risk. Early stage companies may never obtain necessary financing, may rely on untested business plans, may not be successful in developing markets for their products or services, and may remain an insignificant part of their industry, and as such may never be profitable. Stocks of early stage companies may be less liquid, privately traded and more volatile and speculative than the securities of larger companies.

 

Growth Stock Risk. Growth stock prices may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the prices of other stocks, and they may fall or not appreciate in step with the broader securities markets.

 

Value Investing Risk. Value investing attempts to identify strong companies whose stocks are selling at a discount from their perceived true worth, and is subject to the risk that the stocks’

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

27

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds INTERNATIONAL STALWARTS FUND

 

intrinsic values may never be fully recognized or realized by the market, their prices may go down, or that stocks judged to be undervalued may actually be appropriately priced.

 

Sector Weightings Risk. Market conditions, interest rates and economic, regulatory or financial developments could significantly affect all the securities in a single sector. If the Fund invests in a few sectors, it may have increased relative exposure to the price movements of those sectors.

 

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Risk. IPOs involve a higher degree of risk because companies involved in IPOs generally have limited operating histories and their prospects for future profitability are uncertain. Prices of IPOs may also be unstable due to the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available for trading and limited investor information.

 

Foreign Tax Risk. A Fund’s income from foreign issuers may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. A Fund may also be subject to taxes on trading profits or on transfers of securities in some countries. To the extent foreign income taxes are paid by a Fund, shareholders may not be entitled to a credit or deduction for U.S. tax purposes.

 

Transaction Costs. The costs of buying and selling foreign securities including brokerage, tax and custody costs are generally higher than those for domestic transactions.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. The bar chart figures do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay when they buy or sell shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to broad-based securities market indices. The indices are not actively managed and are not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance is available on the Fund’s website www.grandeurpeakglobal.com or by calling 855-377-PEAK(7325).

 

Annual Total Returns (years ended 12/31)

 

Best Quarter- March 31, 2017

10.45%

Worst Quarter- December 31, 2018

-16.49%

 

The Fund’s Investor Class shares year-to-date return as of June 30, 2019 was 19.02%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for the periods ended December 31, 2018)

 

1 Year

Since Inception
(September 2, 2015)

Investor

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-17.65%

7.51%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-18.14%

7.20%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-10.04%

5.86%

Institutional

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-17.40%

7.76%

MSCI ACWI ex USA Mid Cap Index
(reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-15.75%

4.62%

MSCI ACWI ex USA Small Cap Index
(reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)

-17.89%

5.09%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historically highest individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. The after-tax return information shown above does not apply to Fund shares held through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds INTERNATIONAL STALWARTS FUND

 

After-tax returns are shown only for Investor Class shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Institutional Class shares will vary from those shown for Investor Class shares due to varying sales charges and expenses among the classes.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors LLC is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

Lead Managers: Randy Pearce, since inception in 2015. Brad Barth, since 2018.

 

Guardian Portfolio Manager: Blake Walker, since inception in 2015.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

The Fund offers two classes of shares, Investor Class and Institutional Class shares. The minimum initial investment for both share classes is $2,000 for each account, or $1,000 if an Automatic Investment Program is established; except that the minimum to open an UGMA/UTMA or a Coverdell Education Savings Account is $100. There is no subsequent investment minimum for either share class.

 

Purchases, exchanges and redemptions may be made on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms, or directly with the Fund through the Fund’s website at www.grandeurpeakglobal.com, by telephone at 855-377-PEAK(7325) or by regular mail at P.O. Box 13664, Denver, CO 80201.

 

TAX INFORMATION

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is held in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

29

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds

 

GRANDEUR PEAK EMERGING MARKETS OPPORTUNITIES FUND

GRANDEUR PEAK GLOBAL MICRO CAP FUND

GRANDEUR PEAK GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES FUND

GRANDEUR PEAK GLOBAL REACH FUND

GRANDEUR PEAK GLOBAL STALWARTS FUND

GRANDEUR PEAK INTERNATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FUND

GRANDEUR PEAK INTERNATIONAL STALWARTS FUND

(EACH, A “FUND” AND COLLECTIVELY, THE “FUNDS”)

 

Investment Objectives and Principal Strategies

 

This section describes each Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies. See “More on Each Fund’s Investments and Related Risks” in this Prospectus and the Statement of Additional Information for more information about each Fund’s investments and the risks of investing.

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES

Each Fund seeks to achieve long-term growth of capital.

 

While there is no assurance that a Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in this Prospectus.

 

The Funds’ Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change a Fund’s investment objective or a Fund’s principal investment strategies without a shareholder vote. The Funds will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to a Fund’s investment objective or principal investment strategies, you should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund

The Fund invests primarily in micro- to mid-cap companies domiciled in emerging or frontier markets.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Adviser will invest at least 80% of the Fund’s assets in equity securities (including common stock, preferred stock and securities convertible into common stock) that are domiciled in emerging or frontier markets. Emerging and frontier markets include all countries currently excluded from the Morgan Stanley World Index of developed countries. Domicile is determined by where the company is organized, located, has the majority of its assets, or receives the majority of its revenue.

 

The Fund will typically invest in securities issued by companies domiciled in each of at least three emerging or frontier markets. The Fund will invest the Fund’s assets primarily in companies with market capitalizations of less than $5 billion at the time of purchase. The Fund may invest a significant portion of its total assets in micro-cap companies with market capitalizations below $1 billion (up to 90% at the time of purchase under normal market conditions).

 

 

Through October 31, 2019, the Fund may also invest a portion of its total assets (up to 35% under normal market conditions) in securities of companies with market capitalizations of greater than $5 billion at the time of purchase when the companies meet our investment criteria. Effective November 1, 2019, the Fund may also invest a portion of its total assets (up to 50% under normal market conditions) in securities of companies with market capitalizations of greater than $5 billion at the time of purchase when the companies meet our investment criteria.

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe, followed by “bottom up” fundamental analysis to identify growth companies that it believes to be best-in-class among their global peers. This fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively to visit companies and expects to meet with senior management.

 

The Fund may also invest in growth companies that the Adviser believes have hit a temporary setback and therefore have a particularly appealing valuation relative to their long-term growth potential.

 

At times, the Fund may invest in early stage companies with limited or no earnings history if the Adviser believes they have outstanding long-term growth potential. The Fund may also invest in Initial Public Offerings (IPOs).

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best growth opportunities and valuations currently exist. The Fund may invest a large percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund

The Fund invests primarily in foreign and domestic micro-cap companies.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Adviser will invest at least 80% of the Fund’s assets in equity securities (including common stock, preferred stock, securities convertible into common stock, warrants, and rights) of foreign and domestic companies with market capitalizations of less than $1 billion at the time of purchase.

 

The Fund will typically invest in securities issued by companies domiciled in at least three countries, including the United States. The Fund will invest a significant portion of its total assets (at least 40% under normal market conditions) at the time of purchase in securities issued by companies that are domiciled outside the United States. Domicile is determined by where the company is organized, located, has the majority of its assets, or receives the majority of its revenue.

 

The Fund may invest a significant amount of its total assets (up to 50% under normal market conditions) at the time of purchase in securities issued by companies domiciled in emerging and frontier market countries. Emerging and frontier markets are those countries currently excluded from the MSCI World Index of developed markets.

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe, followed by “bottom up” fundamental analysis to identify growth companies that it believes to be best-in-class among their global peers. This fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively to visit companies and generally expects to meet with senior management.

 

The Fund may invest in early stage companies with limited or no earnings history if the Adviser believes they have outstanding long-term growth potential. The Fund may invest in Initial Public Offerings (IPOs).

 

The Fund may also invest in growth companies that the Adviser believes have hit a temporary setback and therefore have a particularly appealing valuation relative to their long-term growth potential.

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best growth opportunities and valuations currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund

The Fund invests primarily in foreign and domestic small- and micro-cap companies.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Adviser will invest the Fund’s assets primarily in equity securities (including common stock, preferred stock and securities convertible into common stock) of foreign and domestic companies with market capitalizations of less than $5 billion at the time of purchase. The Fund may invest a significant portion of its total assets in micro-cap companies with market capitalizations below $1 billion (up to 90% under normal market conditions). The Fund may also invest a significant portion of its total assets (up to 35% under normal market conditions) in securities of companies with market capitalizations of greater than $5 billion at the time of purchase when the companies meet our investment criteria.

 

The Fund will typically invest in securities issued by companies domiciled in at least three countries, including the United States. The Fund will invest a significant portion of its total assets (at least 40% under normal market conditions) at the time of purchase in securities issued by companies that are domiciled outside the United States. Domicile is determined by where the company is organized, located, has the majority of its assets, or receives the majority of its revenue.

 

The Fund may invest a significant amount of its total assets (up to 50% under normal market conditions) at the time of purchase in securities issued by companies domiciled in emerging and frontier market countries. Emerging and frontier markets include all countries currently excluded from the Morgan Stanley World Index of developed markets.

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe followed by “bottom up” fundamental analysis to identify growth companies that it believes to be best-in-class among their global peers. This fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively to visit companies and expects to meet with senior management.

 

The Fund may also invest in growth companies that the Adviser believes have hit a temporary setback and therefore have an appealing valuation relative to their long-term growth potential.

 

At times, the Fund may invest in early stage companies with limited or no earnings history if the Adviser believes they have outstanding long-term growth potential. The Fund may also invest in Initial Public Offerings (IPOs).

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best growth opportunities and valuations currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund

The Fund invests primarily in foreign and domestic small- and micro-cap companies.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Adviser will invest the Fund’s assets primarily in equity securities (including common stock, preferred stock and securities convertible into common stock) of foreign and domestic companies with market capitalizations of less than $5 billion at the time of purchase. The Fund may invest a significant portion of its total assets in micro-cap companies with market capitalizations below $1 billion (up to 90% under normal market conditions). The Fund may also invest a meaningful portion of its total assets (up to 35% under normal market conditions) in securities of companies with market capitalizations of greater than $5 billion at the time of purchase when the companies meet our investment criteria.

 

The Fund will typically invest in securities issued by companies domiciled in each of at least ten countries, including the United States. The Fund will invest a significant portion of its total assets (at least 40% under normal market conditions) at the time of purchase in securities issued by companies that are domiciled outside the United States. Domicile is determined by where the company is organized, located, has the majority of its assets, or receives the majority of its revenue.

 

The Fund may invest a significant amount of its total assets (up to 50% under normal market conditions) at the time of purchase in securities issued by companies domiciled in emerging and frontier markets. Emerging and frontier markets are those countries currently excluded from the MSCI World Index of developed markets.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

31

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe, followed by “bottom up” fundamental analysis to identify growth companies that it believes to be best-in-class among their global peers. This fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively to visit companies and expects to meet with senior management.

 

The Fund may also invest in growth companies that the Adviser believes have hit a temporary setback and therefore have a particularly appealing valuation relative to their long-term growth potential.

 

At times, the Fund may invest in early stage companies with limited or no earnings history if the Adviser believes they have outstanding long-term growth potential. The Fund may also invest in Initial Public Offerings (IPOs).

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best growth opportunities and valuations currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund

The Fund invests primarily in foreign and domestic companies.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Adviser will invest the Fund’s assets primarily in equity securities (including common stock, preferred stock, securities convertible into common stock, warrants, and rights) of foreign and domestic companies with market capitalizations of more than $1.5 billion at the time of purchase.

 

The Fund will typically invest in securities issued by companies domiciled in at least three countries, including the United States. The Fund will invest a significant portion of its total assets (at least 40% under normal market conditions) at the time of purchase in securities issued by companies that are domiciled outside the United States. Domicile is determined by where the company is organized, located, has the majority of its assets, or receives the majority of its revenue.

 

The Fund may invest a significant amount of its total assets (up to 50% under normal market conditions) at the time of purchase in securities issued by companies domiciled in emerging and frontier market countries. Emerging and frontier markets are those countries currently excluded from the MSCI World Index of developed markets.

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe, followed by “bottom up” fundamental analysis to identify growth companies that it believes to be best-in-class among their global peers. This fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively to visit companies and generally expects to meet with senior management.

 

The Fund may also invest in growth companies that the Adviser believes have hit a temporary setback and therefore have a particularly appealing valuation relative to their long-term growth potential.

 

At times, the Fund may invest in early stage companies with limited or no earnings history if the Adviser believes they have outstanding long-term growth potential. The Fund may also invest in Initial Public Offerings (IPOs).

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best growth opportunities and valuations currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund

The Fund invests primarily in foreign small- and micro-cap companies.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Adviser will invest the Fund’s assets primarily in equity securities of foreign companies with market capitalizations of less than $5 billion at the time of purchase. Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest in at least five of the countries included in the MSCI AC World Ex- U.S.A. Small Cap Index.

 

The Fund may invest a significant amount of its total assets (up to 60% under normal market conditions) at the time of purchase in securities issued by companies domiciled in emerging and frontier markets. Emerging and frontier markets include all countries currently excluded from the Morgan Stanley World Index of developed markets. Domicile is determined by where the company is organized, located, has the majority of its assets, or receives the majority of its revenue.

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe, followed by “bottom up” fundamental analysis to identify growth companies that it believes to be best-in-class among their global peers. This fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively outside of the United States to visit companies and expects to meet with senior management.

 

The Fund may also invest in growth companies that the Adviser believes have hit a temporary setback and therefore have a particularly appealing valuation relative to their long-term growth potential.

 

At times, the Fund may invest in early stage companies with limited or no earnings history if the Adviser believes they have outstanding long-term growth potential. The Fund may also invest in Initial Public Offerings (IPOs).

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best growth opportunities and valuations currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund

The Fund invests primarily in foreign companies.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Adviser will invest the Fund’s assets primarily in equity securities (including common stock, preferred stock, securities convertible into common stock, warrants, and rights) of foreign companies with market capitalizations of more than $1.5 billion at the time of purchase.

 

The Fund will typically invest in securities issued by companies domiciled in at least three countries outside the United States. Domicile is determined by where the company is organized, located, has the majority of its assets, or receives the majority of its revenue.

 

The Fund may invest a significant amount of its total assets (up to 60% under normal market conditions) at the time of purchase in securities issued by companies domiciled in emerging and frontier market countries. Emerging and frontier markets are those countries currently excluded from the MSCI World Index of developed markets.

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe, followed by “bottom up” fundamental analysis to identify growth companies that it believes to be best-in-class among their global peers. This fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively to visit companies and generally expects to meet with senior management.

 

The Fund may also invest in growth companies that the Adviser believes have hit a temporary setback and therefore have a particularly appealing valuation relative to their long-term growth potential.

 

At times, the Fund may invest in early stage companies with limited or no earnings history if the Adviser believes they have outstanding long-term growth potential. The Fund may also invest in Initial Public Offerings (IPOs).

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best growth opportunities and valuations currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

More on Each Fund’s Investments and Related Risks

 

The Funds’ investment objectives and principal investment strategies are described above under “Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies”. This section provides additional information about the Funds’ investment strategies and certain portfolio management techniques the Funds may use, as well as the principal and other risks that may affect the Funds’ portfolio. Additional information about some of these investments and portfolio management techniques and their associated risks is included in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”), which is available without charge upon request (see back cover).

 

The Funds’ portfolio managers seek to ensure that investments are compatible with a Fund’s investment objectives and strategies. They use “bottom-up” fundamental analysis to identify companies that they believe have outstanding investment potential. The research process includes prescreening potential investments using databases and industry contacts, analyzing annual reports and financial statements, making onsite visits, meeting with top management, evaluating the competitive environment, looking at distribution channels and identifying areas of potential growth.

 

RISKS

There are inherent risks associated with the Fund’s principal investment strategies. The factors that are most likely to have a material effect on a particular Fund’s investment portfolio as a whole are called “principal risks.” The principal risks of the Fund are summarized in the Fund’s “Fund Summary” section above and further described following the table. The table below identifies the principal and non-principal risks of the Fund. The Fund may be subject to additional risks other than those described because the types of investment made by the Fund may change over time. For additional information regarding risks of investing in the Fund, please see the SAI.

 

Risks

Grandeur Peak
Emerging
Markets
Opportunities
Fund

Grandeur
Peak Global
Opportunities
Fund

Grandeur
Peak Global
Reach Fund

Grandeur
Peak
International
Opportunities
Fund

Stock Market Risk

P

P

P

P

Stock Selection Risk

P

P

P

P

Growth Stock Risk

P

P

P

P

Region Risk

P

P

P

P

Currency Risk

P

P

P

P

Liquidity Risk

P

P

P

P

Micro-Cap Company Stock Risk

P

P

P

N/A

Micro-Cap and Small-Cap Company Stock Risk

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

33

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds

 

Risks

Grandeur Peak
Emerging
Markets
Opportunities
Fund

Grandeur
Peak Global
Opportunities
Fund

Grandeur
Peak Global
Reach Fund

Grandeur
Peak
International
Opportunities
Fund

Micro-Cap, Small-Cap, and Mid-Cap Company Stock Risk

P

P

P

P

Mid-Cap and Small-Cap Company Stock Risk

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Foreign Securities and Foreign Market Risk

P

P

P

P

Emerging and Frontier Markets Risk

P

P

P

P

Political and Economic Risk

P

P

P

P

Regulatory Risk

P

P

P

P

Foreign Tax Risk

P

P

P

P

Transaction Costs

P

P

P

P

Managed Portfolio Risk

P

P

P

P

Early Stage Companies Risk

P

P

P

P

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Risk

P

P

P

P

Value Investing Risk

P

P

P

P

Sector Weightings Risk

P

P

P

P

Cybersecurity Risk

NP

NP

NP

NP

 

Risks

Grandeur Peak
Global
Stalwarts Fund

Grandeur Peak
Global Micro
Cap Fund

Grandeur Peak
International
Stalwarts Fund

Stock Market Risk

P

P

P

Stock Selection Risk

P

P

P

Growth Stock Risk

P

P

P

Region Risk

P

P

P

Currency Risk

P

P

P

Liquidity Risk

NP

P

NP

Micro-Cap Company Stock Risk

N/A

P

N/A

Micro-Cap and Small-Cap Company Stock Risk

N/A

P

N/A

Micro-Cap, Small-Cap, and Mid-Cap Company Stock Risk

N/A

N/A

N/A

Mid-Cap and Small-Cap Company Stock Risk

P

N/A

P

Foreign Securities and Foreign Market Risk

P

P

P

Emerging and Frontier Markets Risk

P

P

P

Political and Economic Risk

P

P

P

Regulatory Risk

P

P

P

Foreign Tax Risk

P

P

P

Transaction Costs

P

P

P

Managed Portfolio Risk

P

P

P

Early Stage Companies Risk

P

P

P

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Risk

P

P

P

Value Investing Risk

P

P

P

Sector Weightings Risk

P

P

P

Cybersecurity Risk

NP

NP

NP

 

P = Principal Risk

NP = Non-Principal
Risk

N/A = Not
Applicable

 

Stock Market Risk. The Funds’ investments may decline due to movements in the overall stock market.

 

Stock Selection Risk. The Funds’ investments may decline in value even when the overall stock market is not in a general decline.

 

Growth Stock Risk. Growth stock prices may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the prices of other stocks, and they may fall or not appreciate in step with the broader securities markets.

 

Value Investing Risk. Value investing attempts to identify strong companies whose stocks are selling at a discount from their perceived true worth, and is subject to the risk that the stocks’

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds

 

intrinsic values may never be fully recognized or realized by the market, their prices may go down, or that stocks judged to be undervalued may actually be appropriately priced.

 

Micro-Cap Company Stock Risk. The securities of micro-cap companies may be particularly volatile in price, and such securities have significantly lower trading volumes than small- or mid-cap companies. As a result, the purchase or sale of more than a limited number of shares may affect its market price. The Fund may need more time to purchase or sell its positions in such securities. Some micro-cap companies may not have much publicly available information relative to larger companies. Micro-cap companies may also have limited markets, financial resources or product lines, may lack management depth, and may be more vulnerable to adverse business or market developments.

 

Micro-Cap and Small Company Stock Risk. Micro-cap and small-cap company stocks may be very sensitive to changing economic conditions and market downturns. Micro-cap and small-cap companies’ earnings and revenues may be less predictable, their share prices may be more volatile, and markets less liquid than companies with larger market capitalizations. There may be less publicly available information about these companies, which can affect the pricing of their shares or the Fund’s ability to dispose of those shares.

 

Small-Cap and Mid-Cap Company Stock Risk. Small-cap and mid-cap company stocks may be very sensitive to changing economic conditions and market downturns. Small-cap and mid-cap companies’ earnings and revenues may be less predictable, their share prices may be more volatile, and markets less liquid than companies with larger market capitalizations. There may be less publicly available information about these companies, which can affect the pricing of their shares or the Fund’s ability to dispose of those shares.

 

Mid-Cap and Small Company Stock Risk. Mid-cap and small-cap company stocks may be very sensitive to changing economic conditions and market downturns. Mid-cap and small-cap companies’ earnings and revenues may be less predictable, their share prices may be more volatile, and markets less liquid than companies with larger market capitalizations. There may be less publicly available information about these companies, which can affect the pricing of their shares or the Fund’s ability to dispose of those shares.

 

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling such less liquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of the investment, or other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk. The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Early Stage Companies Risk. The Funds may invest in early stage companies. Early stage companies may never obtain necessary financing, may rely on untested business plans, may not be successful in developing markets for their products or services, and may remain an insignificant part of their industry, and as such may never be profitable. Stocks of early stage companies may be less liquid, privately traded and more volatile and speculative than the securities of larger companies.

 

Foreign Securities and Foreign Markets Risk. Foreign securities are generally more volatile and less liquid than U.S. securities. Further, foreign securities may be subject to additional risks not associated with investment in U.S. securities due to differences in the economic and political environment, the amount of available public information, the degree of market regulation, and financial reporting, accounting and auditing standards, and, in the case of foreign currency-denominated securities, fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Certain foreign markets may require payment for securities before delivery and delays may be encountered in settling securities transactions. In some foreign markets, there may not be protection against failure by other parties to complete transactions. There may be limited legal recourse against an issuer in the event of a default on a debt instrument.

 

Emerging and Frontier Markets Risk. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities in general, the risks of investing in the securities of companies domiciled in emerging and frontier market countries include increased political or social instability, economies based on only a few industries, unstable currencies, runaway inflation, highly volatile securities markets, unpredictable shifts in policies relating to foreign investments, lack of protection for investors against parties who fail to complete transactions, and the potential for government seizure of assets or nationalization of companies.

 

Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of a Fund’s assets will be affected by foreign currency exchange rates and may be affected by exchange control regulations. A change in the value of any foreign currency will change the U.S. dollar value of a Fund’s assets that are denominated or traded in that country. In addition, a Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. While both Funds have the ability to hedge against fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, neither has a present intention to do so. A risk of not hedging currencies is that if the U.S. dollar strengthens, returns from foreign markets will be less when converted into U.S. dollars.

 

Political and Economic Risk. Foreign investments may be subject to heightened political and economic risks, particularly in countries with emerging economies and securities markets, which may have relatively unstable governments and economies based on only a few industries. In some countries, there is the risk that the government could seize or nationalize companies, impose additional withholding taxes on dividends or interest income payable on securities, impose exchange controls or adopt other restrictions that could affect a Fund’s investments.

 

Regulatory Risk. Foreign companies not publicly traded in the United States are not subject to accounting and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those U.S. companies must meet. In addition, there may be less information publicly available about such companies.

 

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Foreign Tax Risk. A Fund’s income from foreign issuers may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. A Fund may also be subject to taxes on trading profits or on transfers of securities in some countries. To the extent foreign income taxes are paid by a Fund, shareholders may not be entitled to a credit or deduction for U.S. tax purposes.

 

Transaction Costs. The costs of buying and selling foreign securities including brokerage, tax and custody costs are generally higher than those for domestic transactions.

 

Region Risk. Social, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country or region could significantly affect the market in that country or region. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact the issuers of securities in a different country or region. From time to time, a small number of companies and industries may represent a large portion of the market in a particular country or region, and these companies and industries can be sensitive to adverse social, political, economic, or regulatory developments.

 

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Risk. The Funds may invest in IPOs. IPOs involve a higher degree of risk not normally associated with offerings of more seasoned companies. Companies involved in IPOs generally have limited operating histories and their prospects for future profitability are uncertain. Prices of IPOs may also be unstable due to such factors as the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available for trading and limited investor information. Shares purchased in IPOs may be difficult to sell at a time or price that is desirable.

 

Sector Weightings Risk. Market conditions, interest rates and economic, regulatory or financial developments could significantly affect a single sector. If a Fund invests in a few sectors it may have increased relative exposure to the price movements of those sectors.

 

Cybersecurity. In connection with the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, the Fund may be susceptible to operational, information security and related risks due to the possibility of cyber-attacks or other incidents. Cyber incidents may result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, infection by computer viruses or other malicious software code, gaining unauthorized access to systems, networks or devices that are used to service the Fund’s operations through hacking or other means for the purpose of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks (which can make a website unavailable) on the Funds’ website. In addition, authorized persons could inadvertently or intentionally release confidential or proprietary information stored on the Fund’s systems.

 

Cybersecurity failures or breaches by the Fund’s third-party service providers (including, but not limited to, the adviser, distributor, custodian, transfer agent and financial intermediaries) may cause disruptions and impact the service providers’ and the Fund’s business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business and the mutual funds to process transactions, inability to calculate the Fund’s net asset value, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs and/or additional compliance costs. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of successful cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, the Fund or its third-party service providers.

 

The Fund may incur substantial costs to prevent or address cyber incidents in the future. In addition, there is a possibility that certain risks have not been adequately identified or prepared for. Furthermore, the Fund cannot directly control any cyber security plans and systems put in place by third party service providers. Cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund’s investment in such securities to lose value.

 

OTHER STRATEGIES

Temporary Defensive Investments

Each Fund may depart from its principal investment strategies in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions by taking temporary defensive positions in short-term debt securities, cash and cash equivalents. Under such circumstances, a Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

 

Illiquid Investments

Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. An illiquid investment is a security or other position that cannot be disposed of quickly in the normal course of business (within seven days). For example, some securities are not registered under U.S. securities laws and cannot be sold to the U.S. public because of SEC regulations (these are known as “restricted securities”). Under procedures adopted by the Fund’s Board, certain restricted securities may be deemed liquid and will not be counted toward this 15% limit.

 

In October 2016, the SEC adopted a liquidity risk management rule, Rule 22e-4 (the “Liquidity Rule”). The Liquidity Rule requires open-end Funds to establish a liquidity risk management program and enhance disclosures regarding liquidity. As required by the Liquidity Rule, the Fund has implemented a Liquidity Program, and the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, has appointed a Liquidity Risk Management Committee (the “LRM Committee”) as the liquidity risk program administrator of the Liquidity Program. Under the Liquidity Program, the LRM Committee assesses, manages, and periodically reviews each Fund’s liquidity risk and classifies each investment held by each Fund as a “highly liquid investment,” “moderately liquid investment,” “less liquid investment” or “illiquid investment.” The Liquidity Rule defines “liquidity risk” as the risk that a Fund could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by the Fund without significant dilution of the remaining investors’ interest in the Fund. The liquidity of a Fund’s portfolio investments is determined based on relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations under the Liquidity Program. The impact

 

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the Liquidity Rule will have on the Funds is not yet fully known, but the Liquidity Rule could impact the Funds’ performance and their ability to achieve their investment objectives.

 

Investment Limitations

Except with respect to the illiquid investment restrictions set forth above, all limitations on Fund investments listed in this Prospectus will apply at the time of investment. Neither Fund would violate these limitations unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of an investment. Unless otherwise indicated, references to assets in the percentage limitations on a Fund’s investments refer to total assets.

 

Portfolio Turnover

Each Fund generally intends to purchase securities as long-term investments; however, short-term trading may occur. This means that a Fund may buy a security and sell that security a short period of time after its purchase, and realize gains or losses, if the portfolio managers believe that the sale is in the best interest of the Fund (for example, if the portfolio managers believe an alternative investment has greater potential). This activity will increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate and generate higher transaction costs due to commissions and other expenses which could reduce the Fund’s investment performance. In addition, short-term trading may increase the amount of taxable distributions to shareholders which would reduce the after-tax returns of the Fund, and in particular may generate short-term capital gains that when distributed to shareholders are taxed at ordinary U.S. federal income tax rates.

 

Cash Position

The Funds may not always stay fully invested. For example, when the portfolio managers believe that market conditions are unfavorable for profitable investing, or when they are otherwise unable to locate attractive investment opportunities, a Fund’s cash or similar investments may increase. In other words, cash or similar investments generally are a residual- they represent the assets that remain after the Fund has committed available assets to desirable investment opportunities. When a Fund’s investments in cash or similar investments increase, it may not participate in market advance or declines to the same extent that it would if the Fund remained more fully invested.

 

Disclosure Of Portfolio Holdings

The Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio securities are described in the Funds’ SAI.

 

Management

 

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser” or “Grandeur Peak Global Advisors”), subject to the authority of the Funds’ Board of Trustees, is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Funds’ business affairs. The Adviser commenced business operations in July 2011 and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment adviser. The Adviser’s principal address is 136 South Main Street, Suite 720, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101.

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund, the Grandeur International Opportunities Fund, the Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund, the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund, the Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, the Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and the Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund each pay the Adviser an annual management fee of 1.25%, 1.25%, 1.35%, 1.10%, 0.80%, 0.80% and 1.50% respectively, based on the Fund’s average daily net assets. The management fee is paid on a monthly basis.

 

The Adviser has agreed to waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) for each of the Funds. The Grandeur Peak Emerging Market Opportunities fund will be limited to 1.95% and 1.70% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. The Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund will be limited to 1.75% and 1.50% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares respectively. The Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund will be limited to 1.60% and 1.35% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares respectively, The Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund will be limited to 1.75% and 1.50% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. The Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund will be limited to 1.35% and 1.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. The Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund will be limited to 1.35% and 1.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. The Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund will be limited to 2.00% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Institutional Class Shares. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that a Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fee and expenses were deferred. The Expense Agreement may not be terminated or modified prior to August 31, 2020 except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

In addition, pursuant to the same Expense Agreement, the Adviser has contractually agreed, effective September 1, 2019, to waive, with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund and the Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund only, annual management fees to the extent such fees exceed 1.10% on assets above $500 million (the annual management fee rate with respect to such funds will remain 1.25% on the first $500 million

 

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in assets). The Adviser has also contractually agreed, effective September 1, 2019, to waive, with respect to the Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund only, annual management fees to the extent such fees exceed 1.20% on all assets above $400 million (the annual management fee rate with respect to the Fund will remain 1.35% on the first $400 million in assets). This waiver of management fees is not subject to recapture by the Adviser. These fee waivers may not be terminated or modified prior to August 31, 2020 except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

During the most recent fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, each Fund paid the following annual advisory fee as a percentage of daily net assets (net of waivers) to the Fund’s investment advisor. Daily investment decisions are made by the portfolio managers, whose investment experience is described below under the heading “Portfolio Managers.”

 

Fund Name

Total Annual
Advisory Fee
(as a percentage of
daily net assets)

Annual
Advisory Fee to
Investment Adviser
(as a percentage of
daily net assets)

Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund

1.35%

1.34%

Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund

1.50%

1.20%

Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund

1.25%

1.21%

Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund

1.10%

1.10%

Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund

0.80%

0.80%

Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund

1.25%

1.20%

Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund

0.80%

0.80%

 

The current term of the Advisory Agreement is one year. The Board may extend the Advisory Agreement for additional one-year terms. The Board, shareholders of the Funds or the Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ notice. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the renewal of the Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities, Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities, Grandeur Peak Global Reach, Grandeur Peak International Opportunities, Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts and Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Funds’ Advisory Agreement has been provided in the Funds’ semi-annual report to shareholders for the period ended October 31, 2018.

 

The Portfolio Managers

 

Each Fund is managed with a collaborative team approach that utilizes the skills and insights of the entire research team. Trades may be initiated by any of the portfolio managers or analysts on the team, but the named portfolio managers are responsible for the day-to-day oversight and management of the Fund. The Guardian Portfolio Manager’s primary responsibility is to provide oversight of the Fund’s investments and allocations at a strategic level, whereas the Lead Portfolio Managers also have the tactical responsibility for selecting and inputting specific trades. With the exception of Mr. Robert Green, each of the persons listed below serves as the portfolio manager for one or more of the Grandeur Peak Funds, as noted.

 

More information about each manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by each manager and each manager’s ownership of securities in the Funds is included in the SAI.

 

Robert T. Gardiner, CFA®, has been a portfolio manager for the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities and Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Funds since their inception in 2011 and for the Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts and Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Funds, since their inception in 2015. Mr. Gardiner is also Chairman of Grandeur Peak Global Advisors.

 

Before founding Grandeur Peak Global Advisors in 2011, Mr. Gardiner had been a senior partner, principal shareholder and portfolio manager at Wasatch Advisors, Inc. Mr. Gardiner has been in the Investment Management industry since 1981 and involved in managing equity portfolios since 1986. Mr. Gardiner was a Director of Wasatch Advisors and a member of its Executive Management Team from 1994 to 2007.

 

Mr. Gardiner graduated Magna Cum Laude from the University of Utah with a B.A. in Physics, a B.S. in Mathematics, and minors in Chemistry and French. He speaks French and lived in France for two years. Mr. Gardiner holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation and is a member of the Salt Lake City Society of Financial Analysts.

 

Experience

 

1986 - 1995

Analyst and Investment Committee member for the Wasatch Small Cap Growth (WAAEX) and Wasatch Core Growth (WGROX) funds.

1995 - 2006

Founder and Lead Manager of the Wasatch Micro Cap Fund (WMICX)

1997 - 2001

Founder and Co-Manager of the Wasatch Small Cap Value Fund (WMCVX)

2003 - 2004

Founder and Co-Manager of the Wasatch Micro Cap Value Fund (WAMVX)

2005 - 2007

Wasatch Advisors Director of Research

2008 - 2011

Founder and Lead Manager of the Wasatch Global Opportunities Fund (WAGOX)

2011 - 2016

Chairman, CEO & Director of Research at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2011 -

Portfolio Manager of various funds at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2017 -

Chairman of Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

 

CFA® is a trademark owned by the CFA Institute.

 

Blake H. Walker has been a portfolio manager for the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities and Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Funds since their inception in 2011, for the Grandeur

 

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Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund since its inception in 2013, and for the Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Funds since its inception in 2015. Mr. Walker is also the Chief Executive Officer of Grandeur Peak Global Advisors.

 

Before co-founding Grandeur Peak Global Advisors in 2011, Mr. Walker was a portfolio manager co-managing two funds at Wasatch Advisors. Mr. Walker joined the research team at Wasatch Advisors in 2001 and launched his first fund, the Wasatch International Opportunities Fund (WAIOX) in 2005. He teamed up with Mr. Gardiner in 2008 to launch the Wasatch Global Opportunities Fund (WAGOX). Mr. Walker has a B.S. in Accounting from Brigham Young University. He is originally from Toronto, Canada. Mr. Walker speaks French and lived in France for two years.

 

Experience

 

2001 - 2005

Analyst on the Wasatch Micro Cap Fund (WMICX) and the Wasatch International Growth Fund (WAIGX)

2005 - 2011

Founder and Lead Manager of the Wasatch International Opportunities Fund (WAIOX)

2008 - 2011

Founder and Co-Manager of the Wasatch Global Opportunities Fund (WAGOX) Investment Officer, Grandeur Peak

2011 - 2016

Chief Investment Officer of Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2011 -

Portfolio Manager of various funds at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2017 -

Chief Executive Officer of Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

 

Amy Hu Sunderland, CFA®

Ms. Sunderland has been a portfolio manager for the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund since its inception in 2013, a portfolio manager on the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund since 2014, and a portfolio manager on the Global Micro Cap Fund since its inception in 2015. Ms. Hu has been a senior research analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, with a specialty focus on the consumer sector, since the firm’s inception in 2011. Prior to Grandeur Peak, Ms. Sunderland was a junior and later senior research analyst at Wasatch Advisors from 2003-2011. She was a general analyst on the Wasatch Small Cap Growth Fund, the Wasatch Micro Cap Fund, and the Wasatch Global Opportunities Fund, as well as a consumer sector specialist. Before Wasatch, Ms. Sunderland worked on the Goldman Sachs Private Wealth Management Team.

 

Ms. Sunderland graduated Magna Cum Laude in the top 1% of her class from the University of Utah where she earned a B.S. in Finance and Business Information Systems. Ms. Sunderland was selected as the Outstanding Finance Scholar of the Year by the dean, and a Coca-Cola Scholar. Ms. Sunderland was born in China and is fluent in Mandarin Chinese.

 

Experience

 

2003 - 2011

Junior and then Senior Research Analyst at Wasatch Advisors

2011 -

Senior Research Analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2013 -

Portfolio Manager of various funds at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

 

Randy E. Pearce, CFA®, MBA

Mr. Pearce is the Chief Investment Officer of Grandeur Peak Global Advisors. Mr. Pearce has been a portfolio manager for the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund since its inception in 2013, and a portfolio manager on the Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund and the Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund since their inception in 2015. Mr. Pearce has been a senior research analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, with a specialty focus on the financial sector, since the firm’s inception in 2011. Prior to Grandeur Peak, Mr. Pearce was a junior and later senior research analyst at Wasatch Advisors from 2005-2009. He was a financial sector specialist and a general analyst on the Wasatch Strategic Income Fund. In 2010, Mr. Pearce interned at Thornburg Investment Management as a global equities analyst while earning his MBA.

 

Mr. Pearce has a B.A. in Business Administration from the University of Utah and an MBA from the University of California at Berkeley. He holds the CFA designation. Mr. Pearce speaks Portuguese and lived in Brazil for two years.

 

Experience

 

2005 - 2009

Junior and then Senior Research Analyst at Wasatch Advisors

2011 -

Senior Research Analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2013 -

Portfolio Manager of various funds at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2015 - 2016

Co-Director of Research

2017 -

Chief Investment Officer

 

Liping Cai, CFA®, MS, MBA

Ms. Cai has been a portfolio manager for the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund since 2015 and for the Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund since 2018, and is also a Sr. Research Analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, with a specialty focus on the health care sector globally. Ms. Cai joined Grandeur Peak in 2013. She spent the previous six years on the equity research team at William Blair & Company specializing in the healthcare, retail, and the real estate sectors, and most recently heading up the firm’s China-based research team. From 1999-2006, Ms. Cai worked in the healthcare field for Fair Isaac Corporation (Health Care Strategy Consultant), Abbott Laboratories (Senior Market Analyst), Biogen Idec (Summer Marketing Associate), and Genentech, now Roche (Research Associate).

 

Ms. Cai earned a BS degree in Biological Sciences and Biotechnology from Tsinghua University in Beijing, a MS degree in Chemistry and Biochemistry on full scholarship from the University of Delaware, and an MBA in Finance and Health

 

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Industry Management from Northwestern University. Ms. Cai’s academic work in the healthcare field has been published in a variety of publications.

 

Experience

 

1999 - 2006

Fair Isaac Corp, Abbott Laboratories, Biogen Idec, & Genentech

2006 - 2012

Equity Research at William Blair & Company, heading up China-based research team

2013 -

Senior Research Analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2015 -

Portfolio Manager of various funds at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

 

Stuart Rigby, MBA

Mr. Rigby has been a portfolio manager for the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund since 2015, a portfolio manager for the Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund since 2017 and is also a Sr. Research Analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors with a specialty focus on the technology sector globally. Mr. Rigby joined Grandeur Peak in 2012 after receiving an MBA from Cornell University. During his graduate program he interned at Epic Ventures and Opteris. Prior to that, Mr. Rigby spent two years as a product manager at Alliance Health Networks (social internet) and four years as a software engineer at lntelisum (3D software).

 

Mr. Rigby graduated Magna Cum Laude from Westminster College with a BS in Computer Science and minors in Spanish & Economics. He earned an MBA from Cornell University with an emphasis in Finance and Private Equity.

 

Experience

 

2004 - 2008

Software Engineer at lntelisum

2008 - 2010

Product Manager at Alliance Health Networks

2010 - 2012

Internships at Epic Ventures & Opteris

2012 -

Senior Research Analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2015 -

Portfolio Manager of various funds at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

 

Brad C. Barth, MSc

Mr. Barth is Deputy Chief Investment Officer at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors. Mr. Barth has been a portfolio manager for the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund since 2016, a portfolio manager for the Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund since 2018, a portfolio manager for the Global Stalwarts Fund since 2019, and is also a Sr. Research Analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors with a specialty focus on the financials sector globally.

 

Mr. Barth joined Grandeur Peak in 2015 from Goldman Sachs, where he was an EMEA financial institutions analyst in the Credit Research Group for four years. In this role, he covered French and Benelux banks during the European sovereign debt crisis.

 

Mr. Barth graduated with a bachelor’s degree from the University of Utah and received a master’s degree from the London School of Economics. He is currently a doctoral candidate in Finance at the University of Utah.

 

Experience

 

2008 – 2009

Analyst at University Venture Fund

2010 - 2014

Research Analyst at Goldman Sachs

2015 -

Senior Research Analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2016 -

Portfolio Manager of various funds at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2019 -

Deputy Chief Investment Officer at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

 

Mark Madsen, CFA®, MAcc

Mr. Madsen has been a portfolio manager for the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund since 2016, a portfolio manager for the Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund since 2018, and is also a Sr. Research Analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors with a specialty focus on the industrials, energy & materials sectors globally.

 

Mr. Madsen joined Grandeur Peak in 2016 following four years working as a Senior Equity Analyst in a family office. Mr. Madsen has been a research analyst since 2004, when he began his career at Wasatch Advisors. Mr. Madsen began as a junior analyst and was later promoted to a senior research analyst, working on the Wasatch Small Cap Value Fund (WMCVX). He developed an expertise in Energy, Industrials and Finance.

 

Mr. Madsen left Wasatch to found Red Desert Capital in Las Vegas, NV. As Founder and Portfolio Manager, Mr. Madsen successfully launched a concentrated portfolio based on a bottom-up fundamental value investment strategy. Mr. Madsen was recruited by a client to manage a family office in St. George, Utah. There he developed an all-cap equity portfolio, managed an income portfolio and was responsible for tracking and evaluating third-party managed accounts.

 

Mr. Madsen graduated from Brigham Young University with a B.S. and Masters in Accounting. He holds the CFA designation.

 

Experience

 

2004 – 2008

Junior & Senior Equities Analyst at Wasatch Advisors

2008 - 2011

Portfolio Manager at Red Desert Capital

2011 - 2015

Senior Equity Analyst at G-Enterprises

2016 -

Senior Research Analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2016 -

Portfolio Manager on various funds at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

 

Juliette Douglas

Ms. Douglas is Deputy Director of Research at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors. Ms. Douglas has been a portfolio manager for the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund since 2018 and is also a Sr. Research Analyst. Before becoming a research analyst, Ms. Douglas worked as a global equities trader and was a member of the operations team.

 

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Before joining Grandeur Peak Global Advisors in 2013, Ms. Douglas was a Financial Analyst at Adidas in Portland, Oregon. Previously, Ms. Douglas spent four years in various roles on the operations team at Wasatch Advisors, including her final role as Senior International Trade Analyst.

 

Ms. Douglas graduated Cum Laude from Westminster College earning a BS in Business with a concentration in Finance.

 

Experience

 

2005 - 2009

Operations Team at Wasatch Advisors

2009 - 2013

Financial Analyst at Adidas

2013 - 2015

Global Equities Trader, Operations Team and Deputy Director of Research Team at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2016 -

Research Analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2018 -

Portfolio Manager, Global Reach Fund

2019 -

Deputy Director of Research at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

 

Keefer Babbitt, CFA®, has been a portfolio manager for the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund since 2019, and is also a senior research analyst with a specialty focus on the Energy, Materials, and Industrials sectors globally. Mr. Babbitt has been a research analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors since 2012.

 

Mr. Babbitt graduated Magna Cum Laude from the University of Utah with a BS in Finance. He was the President of the University of Utah Finance Club and Treasurer at Beta Theta Pi. Mr. Babbitt holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation.

 

Experience

 

2012 - 2019

Research Analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2019 -

Portfolio Manager, Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund, and Senior Research Analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

 

THE SENIOR INVESTMENT TEAM

The Senior Investment Team is comprised of the portfolio managers previously listed as well as the following individuals:

 

Robert S. Green, CFA®, MSF

Mr. Green has been a quantitative research analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors since 2011. In 2013 he also became the Assistant Director of Research. In 2017, he became Director of Research at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors. Mr. Green was a research assistant and then a quantitative portfolio analyst at Wasatch Advisors from 2006-2011. He worked across the entire research team, as well as having specific roles on the Wasatch Global Science & Technology Fund WAGTX) and the Wasatch Global Opportunities Fund WAGOX). Prior to Wasatch, Mr. Green worked as an associate on the University Venture Fund at the University of Utah.

 

Mr. Green graduated Summa Cum Laude from Westminster College in Salt Lake City, UT with a B.S. in Business Finance and a Minor in Economics. He received a Master of Science in Finance from The University of Utah. Mr. Green holds the CFA designation.

 

Experience

 

2006 - 2011

Research Assistant and then Quantitative Portfolio Analyst at Wasatch Advisors

2011 -

Quantitative Analyst at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2013 - 2016

Assistant Director of Research at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

2017 -

Director of Research at Grandeur Peak Global Advisors

 

Administrator, Transfer Agent and Distributor

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. serves as the Funds’ administrator, fund accounting agent and transfer agent, and ALPS Distributors, Inc. (the “Distributor”) serves as the Funds’ distributor.

 

Buying, Exchanging and Redeeming Shares

 

As of the close of business on March 5, 2014, the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund was closed to new shareholders seeking to purchase shares of the Fund through financial intermediaries, subject to certain exceptions for financial advisors with an established position in the Fund and participants in certain qualified retirement plans with an existing position in the Fund. The Fund remains open to purchases from existing Fund shareholders. New shareholders may purchase the Fund if they do so directly from Grandeur Peak Funds.

 

As of the close of business on September 30, 2014, the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund was closed to new shareholders seeking to purchase shares of the Fund through financial intermediaries, subject to certain exceptions for financial advisors with an established position in the Fund and participants in certain qualified retirement plans with an existing position in the Fund. The Fund remains open to purchases from existing Fund shareholders. New shareholders may purchase the Fund if they do so directly from Grandeur Peak Funds.

 

As of the close of business on December 31, 2015, the Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund was closed to both new and existing investors seeking to purchase shares of the Fund either directly or through third party intermediaries, subject to certain exceptions for participants in certain qualified retirement plans with an existing position in the Fund and direct shareholders with existing accounts who may purchase up to the IRA contribution limit per year in additional shares, regardless of account type.

 

As of the close of business on December 31, 2017, the Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund was closed to new shareholders seeking to purchase shares of the Fund through financial intermediaries, subject to certain exceptions for financial advisors with an established position in the Fund and participants in certain qualified retirement plans with an existing position in the Fund. The Fund remains open to purchases from existing Fund shareholders. New shareholders may purchase the Fund if they do so directly from Grandeur Peak Funds.

 

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As of the close of business on April 15, 2019, the Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund was closed to purchases through financial intermediaries unless the purchase is part of: a retirement plan which held the Fund prior to this closure, an automatic reinvestment of a distribution made by the Fund, or a de minimis annual rebalancing approved by a member of the Grandeur Peak client team. The Fund remains open to purchases from both existing and new shareholders who purchase directly from Grandeur Peak Funds.

 

The Funds’ investment adviser retains the ability, subject to the oversight of the Board, to make exceptions to any action taken to close a Fund or limit inflows into a Fund.

 

Please see “Share Transactions- Closing or Reopening Funds” in this Prospectus.

 

Classes of Shares

Each Fund, except the Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund, currently offers two classes of shares, Investor Class and Institutional Class shares. The Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund only offers Institutional Class shares.

 

Each share class of a Fund represents an investment in the same portfolio of securities, but each share class has its own charges and expense structure, allowing you to choose the class that best meets your situation. When you purchase shares of a Fund, you must choose a share class.

 

Factors you should consider in choosing a class of shares include:

 

how long you expect to own the shares;

 

how much you intend to invest;

 

total expenses associated with owning shares of each class

 

Investment Minimums

The minimum initial investment for Investor Class and Institutional Class shares is $2,000 for each account, or $1,000 if an Automatic Investment Program is established; except that the minimum to open an UGMA/UTMA or a Coverdell Education Savings Account is $100. There is no subsequent investment minimum for either share class.

 

The Fund reserves the right to waive or change minimum and additional investment amounts. For accounts sold through financial intermediaries, it is the primary responsibility of the financial intermediary to ensure compliance with investment minimums. Employees of the Adviser and their extended families are not subject to any initial or subsequent investment minimums.

 

TYPES OF ACCOUNT OWNERSHIP

Please refer to www.grandeurpeakglobal.com or an account application for specific requirements to open and maintain an account.

 

Individual or Joint Ownership

Individual accounts are owned by one person. Joint accounts have two or more owners.

 

Trust

An established trust can open an account. The names of each trustee, the name of the trust and the date of the trust agreement must be included on the application.

 

Business Accounts

Corporations and partnerships may also open an account. The application must be signed by an authorized officer of the corporation or a general partner of the partnership.

 

Tax-Advantaged Accounts

Please refer to the account application for specific requirements to open and maintain an account. Certain tax-advantaged accounts can only be opened and maintained via written request. Please contact a shareholder services representative for more information.

 

If you are eligible, you may set up one or more tax-advantaged accounts. A tax-advantaged account allows you to shelter your investment income and capital gains from current income taxes. A contribution to certain of these plans may also be tax deductible. Withdrawals from tax-advantaged investment accounts are subject to special tax rules. The types of tax-advantaged accounts that may be opened directly with the Funds are described below. Investors should consult their tax adviser or legal counsel before selecting a tax-advantaged account.

 

Investing for Your Retirement

Please visit www.grandeurpeakglobal.com or call a shareholder services representative for more complete information regarding the different types of IRAs available. Distributions from these plans may be subject to income tax and generally to an additional tax if withdrawn prior to age 59-1/2 or used for a non-qualifying purpose.

 

Traditional and Roth IRAs

Both traditional and Roth IRAs allow most individuals with earned income to contribute for 2019 up to the lesser of $6,000 ($7,000 for individuals age 50 or older) or 100% of compensation.

 

Simple IRA

A SIMPLE IRA allows employees and employers to contribute to traditional IRAs set up for employees.

 

Simplified Employee Pension (“SEP”) IRA

A SEP IRA allows small business owners (including sole proprietors) to make tax deductible contributions for themselves and any eligible employee(s). A SEP requires an IRA to be set up for each SEP participant.

 

There is an annual pass through IRA maintenance fee of $10.00 that is charged by the IRA custodian on a per-account basis. The fee is capped at $25.00 per social security number, per account type. This fee may be paid by the Adviser.

 

Accounts for the Benefit of a Child

Custodial Accounts (UGMA or UTMA)

An UGMA/UTMA account is a custodial account managed for the benefit of a minor.

 

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Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA)

A Coverdell ESA is an account created as an incentive to help parents and students save for education expenses.

 

BUYING SHARES

In order to buy, redeem or exchange shares at that day’s price, you must place your order with the Fund or its agent before the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) closes (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time). If the NYSE closes early, you must place your order prior to the actual closing time. Orders received by financial intermediaries prior to the close of trading on the NYSE will be confirmed at the offering price computed as of the close of the trading on the NYSE. It is the responsibility of the financial intermediary to insure that all orders are transmitted in a timely manner to the Fund. Otherwise, you will receive the next business day’s price.

 

With certain limited exceptions, the Funds are available only to U.S. citizens or residents. Certain tax-advantaged accounts can only be opened and maintained via written request. Please contact a shareholder services representative for more information.

 

Payment must be in U.S. dollars by a check drawn on a bank in the United States, wire transfer or electronic transfer. The Funds will not accept cash, traveler’s checks, starter checks, money orders, third party checks (except for properly endorsed IRA rollover checks), checks drawn on foreign banks or checks issued by credit card companies or Internet-based companies. Shares purchased by checks that are returned will be canceled and you will be liable for any losses or fees incurred by the Fund or its agents, including bank handling charges for returned checks. When purchasing shares, your request will be processed at the first NAV calculated after your purchase request is determined to be in good order. For wire purchases, the wire transfer must be received before the purchase request is deemed to be in good order.

 

In-Kind Purchases

You may contact the Funds to request a purchase of Funds shares using securities you own. The Funds reserve the right to refuse or accept such requests in whole or in part. In-kind purchases may be taxable events and may result in the recognition of gain or loss for federal income tax purposes.

 

Online at www.grandeurpeakglobal.com

You may open a new Fund account, or you may buy shares in an existing Fund account. Federal regulations may require the Fund to obtain your name, your date of birth, your residential address or principal place of business and mailing address as well as your taxpayer identification number at the time you open your account. Applications without this information may not be accepted. To the extent permitted by law, the Funds reserve the right to place limits on transactions in your account until your identity is verified.

 

You can elect to have funds electronically transferred from your designated bank account. A real-time confirmation of your transaction will be provided via www.grandeurpeakglobal.com.

 

By Telephone

For an existing account, you may purchase shares in your account by calling a shareholder services representative at 855-377-PEAK(7325) during normal business hours to place a trade. Such investments will be made via an electronic transfer from your designated bank account.

 

You may add to your account via electronic funds transfer. If an electronic funds transfer cannot be processed due to insufficient funds, your account may be charged a service fee (currently $20.00).

 

You may also buy shares by wiring money from your bank account to your Fund account. For wiring instructions, call a shareholder services representative.

 

By Mail/In Writing

To open your Fund account, complete and sign the appropriate application, which can be found at www.grandeurpeakglobal.com or by calling shareholder services at 855-377-PEAK(7325). Make your check payable to the Fund(s) or elect a one-time electronic withdrawal from your bank account as noted on the appropriate application. Be sure to note in which Fund you would like the investment to be made.

 

Regular Mail:
Grandeur Peak Funds
P.O. Box 13664
Denver, CO 80201

Overnight Address:
Grandeur Peak Funds
1290 Broadway, Suite 1000
Denver, CO 80203

 

To buy additional shares, send your check and written instructions to the address listed above. If you are making a purchase into a retirement account, please indicate whether the purchase is a rollover or a current or prior year contribution.

 

The Funds do not consider the US Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be their agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services, or receipt at the Grandeur Peak Funds’ post office box, of purchase orders or redemption requests does not constitute receipt by the Funds.

 

By Automated Investments

To buy additional shares through the Automatic Investment Program, you select the frequency with which your money will be electronically transferred from your bank account to your Fund account. Certain tax-advantaged accounts are not eligible for automated investments.

 

When purchasing shares through the Automatic Investment Program, if no date is specified on your application, investments will be made on the 15th of each month. Your first automatic investment may take up to two weeks to establish. If the balance in the account you are buying into falls to zero as the result of a redemption or exchange, your Automatic Investment Program will be discontinued.

 

We may make additional attempts to debit your predesignated bank account for automated investments that initially fail. You are liable for any costs associated with these additional attempts. If your automated investment fails, you may purchase shares of the

 

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Funds by submitting good funds via another method accepted by the Funds (e.g., by wire transfer). In this case, your purchase will be processed at the next NAV determined after we receive good funds, not at the NAV available as of the date of the original request. Wire fees may be charged.

 

By Broker/Intermediary

You may purchase or sell Fund shares through a broker-dealer, bank or other financial institution, or an organization that provides record keeping and consulting services to 401(k) plans or other employee benefit plans (an “Intermediary”). Intermediaries may charge you a fee for this service and may require different minimum initial and subsequent investments than the Funds. Intermediaries may also impose other charges or restrictions different from those applicable to shareholders who invest in the Funds directly. Therefore, it may cost more for you to purchase shares through an Intermediary than to purchase shares directly from the Funds. An Intermediary, rather than you as its customer, may be the shareholder of record of your shares. In general, purchase or redemption requests made through an Intermediary will be priced based on the net asset value next calculated after receipt of the request by the Intermediary, even if the Intermediary submits such requests to the Funds after such net asset value has been calculated. The Funds are not responsible for the failure of any Intermediary to carry out its obligations to its customers. Contact the financial intermediary or refer to its plan documents for instructions on how to purchase, exchange or redeem shares through that intermediary.

 

Investors may be charged a fee if they effect transactions through broker or agent. The Funds have authorized one or more brokers to receive on their behalf purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on a Fund’s behalf. A Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s authorized designee, receives the order. Customer orders will be priced at a Fund’s Net Asset Value next computed after they are received by an authorized broker or the broker’s authorized designee.

 

Distribution and Services (12b-1) Plans (Investor Class Only)

The Funds have adopted a plan of distribution for Investor Class shares pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “Plan”).

 

Under the terms of the Plan, the Funds are authorized to make payments to the Distributor for remittance to financial intermediaries, as compensation for distribution and/or the provision of on-going shareholder services performed by such financial intermediaries for their customers who are shareholders in the Funds. Each Plan permits payment for services and related expenses in connection with a financial intermediary’s administration of mutual fund distribution platforms that offer Investor Class shares of the Funds.

 

The Plan permits the Funds to use its Investor Class shares’ assets to make payments at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of a Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to its Investor Class shares. Because these fees are paid out of a Fund’s Investor Class shares’ assets on an ongoing basis, over time they will increase the cost of an investment in Investor Class shares and Plan fees may cost an investor more than other types of sales charges.

 

Networking, Sub-Accounting and Administrative Fees

Select financial intermediaries may enter into arrangements with the Funds, or its designees, to perform certain networking, recordkeeping, sub-accounting and/or administrative services for shareholders of the Funds. These activities are routinely processed through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s Fund/SERV and Trust Networking systems or similar systems. In consideration for providing these services in an automated environment, such financial intermediaries may receive compensation from the Funds. Any such compensation by the Funds to these select financial intermediaries for the aforementioned services is in addition to, and distinct from, any Rule 12b-1 related services provided to Fund shareholders.

 

PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

The Adviser and/or its affiliates may enter into arrangements to make payments for additional activities to select financial intermediaries intended to result in the sale of Fund shares and/or other shareholder servicing activities out of the Adviser’s own resources (which may include profits from providing advisory services to the Funds). These payments are often referred to as “revenue sharing payments” and the revenue sharing payment amounts generally vary by financial intermediary. The aggregate amount of the revenue sharing payments are determined by the Adviser and may be substantial. Revenue sharing payments create no additional cost to the Funds or their shareholders.

 

In-Kind Purchases

The Funds reserve the right to accept payment for shares in the form of securities that are permissible investments for a Fund. In-kind purchases may be taxable events and may result in the recognition of gain or loss for federal income tax purposes.

 

EXCHANGING SHARES

If you have held your shares in a Fund for at least seven days, you may exchange those shares for shares of any of the following funds (each, a “Grandeur Peak Fund”), if such Grandeur Peak Fund is available for sale in your state and meets the investment criteria of the investor:

 

Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund

 

Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund

 

Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund

 

Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund

 

Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund

 

Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund

 

Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund

 

Any new account established through an exchange will be subject to all minimum requirements applicable to the shares acquired. The exchange privilege may only be exercised in those states where the class of shares being acquired legally may be sold.

 

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If you are an existing shareholder of any Grandeur Peak Fund, you may exchange into a new account copying your existing account registration and options. Exchanges between accounts will be accepted only if registrations are identical.

 

You may also transfer between classes of a Fund if you meet the minimum investment requirements for the class into which you would like to transfer.

 

Online at www.grandeurpeakglobal.com

Exchanges may be made online via www.grandeurpeakglobal.com. A real-time confirmation of your transaction will be provided via www.grandeurpeakglobal.com.

 

By Telephone

For an existing account, you may exchange shares in your account in amounts up to $50,000 ($100,000 for corporate accounts) by calling a shareholder services representative 855-377-PEAK(7325) if you did not decline the telephone redemption privilege when establishing your account.

 

By Systematic Exchange

You determine the amount of money you would like automatically exchanged from one Fund account to another on any day of the month. For Systematic Exchanges, if no date is specified on your request, systematic exchanges will be made on the 15th of each month. If the balance in the Fund account you are exchanging from falls below the Systematic Exchange amount, all remaining shares will be exchanged and your Systematic Exchange Program will be discontinued.

 

By Broker/Intermediary

Exchanges, like purchases and redemptions, may also be effected through retirement plans, broker-dealers and financial intermediaries. Please contact your financial intermediary or refer to the appropriate plan documents for details. Your financial intermediary may charge a processing or service fee in connection with the exchange of shares.

 

Additional Information About Exchanges

An exchange represents the sale of shares from one Fund and the purchase of shares of the other Fund. This may produce a taxable gain or loss in your non-tax-advantaged account. If you exchange shares within 60 calendar days from their date of purchase, you may be subject to the redemption fee as described in this Prospectus in “Redemption Fees” below. Transfers between classes of a single Fund are generally not considered a taxable transaction.

 

The exchange privilege may be modified or terminated upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to shareholders. Although initially there will be no limit on the number of times you may exercise the exchange privilege, each Fund reserves the right to impose such a limitation. Call or write the Funds for further details.

 

REDEEMING SHARES

Redemption requests for over $50,000 ($100,000 for corporate accounts) must be made in writing and a Medallion Signature Guarantee is required. All redemption requests made within 30 days of an address change or a bank account change must be made in writing and require a Medallion Signature Guarantee. Redemptions made within 60 days of purchase must be made in writing and require a Medallion Signature Guarantee.

 

Each Fund will redeem all full and fractional shares of the Fund upon request on any business day at the applicable net asset value determined after the receipt of proper redemption instructions, less any applicable redemption fees. Shareholders liquidating their holdings will receive upon redemption all dividends reinvested through the date of redemption. If notice of redemption is received on any business day, the redemption will be effective on the date of receipt. Payment will ordinarily be made on the next business day, but, in any case, within no more than seven business days from the date of receipt. If the notice is received on a day that is not a business day or after the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE, the redemption notice will be deemed received as of the next business day. The value of shares at the time of redemption may be more or less than the shareholder’s cost.

 

It is anticipated that a Fund will meet redemption requests through the sale of portfolio assets or from its holdings in cash or cash equivalents. A Fund may use the proceeds from the sale of portfolio assets to meet redemption requests if consistent with the management of the Fund. These redemption methods will be used regularly and may also be used in stressed or abnormal market conditions, including circumstances adversely affecting the liquidity of a Fund’s investments, in which case a Fund may be more likely to be forced to sell its holdings to meet redemptions than under normal market conditions. Each Fund reserves the right to redeem in kind. Redemptions in kind typically are used to meet redemption requests that represent a large percentage of a Fund’s net assets in order to limit the impact of a large redemption on the Fund and its remaining shareholders. Redemptions in kind may be used in normal as well as in stressed market conditions. A Fund may also borrow, or draw on lines of credit that may be available to the Fund individually or to the Trust, in order to meet redemption requests during stressed market conditions. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund is limited as to the amount that it may borrow and accordingly, borrowings (including those made under a line of credit) might be insufficient to meet redemption requests.

 

Online at www.grandeurpeakglobal.com

Redemptions may be made online via www.grandeurpeakglobal.com.

 

By Telephone

For an existing account you may redeem shares in your account in amounts up to $50,000 ($100,000 for corporate accounts) by calling a shareholder services representative at 855-377-PEAK(7325) if you did not decline the telephone redemption privilege when establishing your account.

 

By Mail/In Writing

To redeem shares by mail, please send written instructions to the address listed below. Please call a shareholder services representative for further details. Be sure to note from which Fund you would like to make the redemption.

 

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Regular Mail:
Grandeur Peak Funds
P.O. Box 13664
Denver, CO 80201

Overnight Address:
Grandeur Peak Funds
1290 Broadway, Suite 1000
Denver, CO 80203

 

By Systematic Redemption

This program allows you to sell shares worth a specific dollar amount from your Fund account on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis. The minimum systematic redemption is $50. Although there is no charge to shareholders for using this systematic withdrawal plan, your Fund account balance must be at least $10,000 at the time you begin participation in the plan. If no date is specified on your request, systematic redemptions will be made on or about the 15th of each month. If the day falls on a weekend or legal holiday, the distribution will be made on the next business day.

 

You may terminate the systematic withdrawal plan at any time without charge or penalty. If the balance in the Fund account you are selling from falls to zero, your systematic withdrawal plan will be discontinued. If your balance is below the systematic withdrawal amount, the entire balance will be distributed and the plan will be discontinued. The Fund may terminate or modify the plan after 60 days’ written notice to shareholders.

 

By Broker/Intermediary

Redemptions, like purchases and exchanges, may also be effected through retirement plans, broker-dealers and financial intermediaries. Please contact your financial intermediary or refer to the appropriate plan documents for details. Your financial intermediary may charge a processing or service fee in connection with the redemption of shares.

 

Redemption Payments

In all cases, your redemption price is the net asset value per share next determined after your request is received in good order less any applicable redemption fees. Redemption proceeds normally will be sent within seven days. However, if you recently purchased your shares by check, your redemption proceeds will not be sent to you until your original check clears, which may take up to 10 business days. Your redemption proceeds can be sent by check to your address of record or by electronic funds transfer to a bank account designated on your application. Any request that your redemption proceeds be sent to a destination other than your bank account or address of record must be in writing and must include a signature guarantee.

 

The Fund is not responsible for losses or fees resulting from posting delays or non-receipt of redemption payments at your bank when shareholder payment instructions are followed.

 

Redemptions In-Kind

Each Fund reserves the right to make payment in securities rather than cash. If a Fund deems it in the best interests of all shareholders, and determines that the redeeming shareholder will not be favored over remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay redemption proceeds to the redeeming shareholder in whole or in part with securities held by the Fund. A redemption in-kind could occur under extraordinary circumstances, such as a very large redemption that could affect a Fund’s operations. Securities used to redeem Fund shares will be valued as described in “SHARE TRANSACTIONS – HOW FUND SHARES ARE PRICED” below. A shareholder may pay brokerage charges on the sale of any securities received as a result of a redemption in-kind.

 

Redemption Fees

If you sell or exchange your shares after holding them 60 days or less, a 2% short-term redemption fee may be deducted from the redemption amount. For this purpose, shares held longest will be treated as being redeemed first and shares held shortest as being redeemed last. The fees are paid to the Fund and are designed to help offset the brokerage commissions, market impact and other costs associated with short-term shareholder trading.

 

Each Fund also permits waivers of the short-term redemption fee for the following transactions:

 

Redemptions from shareholder accounts liquidated for failure to meet the minimum investment requirement;

 

Redemptions related to a disability as defined by Internal Revenue Service requirements;

 

Redemptions due to death for shares transferred from a decedent’s account to a beneficiary’s account;

 

Redemptions due to divorce for shares transferred pursuant to a divorce decree;

 

Redemptions of shares through a systematic withdrawal plan;

 

Broker-dealer sponsored wrap program accounts and/ or fee-based accounts maintained for clients of certain financial intermediaries who have entered into selling agreements with the Distributor;

 

Redemptions through an automatic, non-discretionary rebalancing or asset allocation program; ● Redemptions due to a back office correction made to an account to provide the shareholder with the intended transaction;

 

Rollovers, transfers and changes of account registration within a Fund as long as the money never leaves the Fund, including transfers between share classes;

 

Redemptions in-kind;

 

Redemptions due to reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gains;

 

Any involuntary redemption and/or exchange transactions, including, for example, those required by law or regulation, a regulatory agency, a court order or as a result of a liquidation of a Fund by the Board of Trustees;

 

Certain types of IRA account transactions, including redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, required minimum distributions, withdrawals due to disability or death, return of excess contribution amounts, and redemptions related to payment of custodian fees;

 

Certain types of employer-sponsored and 403(b) retirement plan transactions, including loans or hardship withdrawals, minimum required distributions, redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, forfeiture of assets, return

 

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of excess contribution amounts, redemptions related to payment of plan fees, and redemptions related to death, disability or qualified domestic relations order; and

 

Certain other transactions as deemed appropriate by the Adviser.

 

The application of short-term redemption fees and waivers may vary among intermediaries and certain intermediaries may not apply the waivers listed above. If you purchase, exchange or sell Fund shares through an intermediary, you should contact your intermediary for more information on whether the short-term redemption fee will be applied to redemptions of your shares.

 

Each Fund reserves the right to modify or eliminate the short-term redemption fee or waivers at any time. The redemption fee may be waived in cases where the nature of the transaction or circumstances do not pose risks to the policy and procedures to prevent market timing. Unitized group accounts consisting of qualified plan assets may be treated as a single account for redemption fee purposes.

 

Note: Each Fund has the right to suspend or postpone redemptions of shares for any period: (i) during which the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (ii) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; or (iii) during which (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or as otherwise permitted by the SEC.

 

Share Transactions

 

SMALL ACCOUNT BALANCES/MANDATORY REDEMPTIONS

The Funds have a $1,000 account minimum, except UTMA/UGMA and Coverdell accounts which have a $100 minimum. The Funds may require mandatory redemption of shares in accounts that fall below the minimum requirement. The Funds may also adopt other policies from time to time requiring mandatory redemption of shares in certain circumstances, such as to comply with new regulatory requirements.

 

SHARE CERTIFICATES

The Funds do not issue share certificates.

 

FREQUENT PURCHASES AND SALES OF FUND SHARES

The Funds do not permit market timing or other abusive trading practices. Each Fund reserves the right, but does not have the obligation, to reject any purchase or exchange transaction at any time. In addition, each Fund reserves the right to suspend their offering of shares or to impose restrictions on purchases or exchanges at any time that are more restrictive than those that are otherwise stated in this Prospectus with respect to disruptive, excessive or short-term trading.

 

Excessive short-term trading or other abusive trading practices may disrupt portfolio management strategies, increase brokerage and administrative costs and hurt Fund performance. The Board has adopted policies and procedures designed to deter frequent purchases, exchanges and redemptions and to seek to prevent market timing. To minimize harm to the Funds and their shareholders, each Fund reserves the right to reject, in its sole discretion, any purchase order from any investor it believes has a history of abusive trading or whose trading, in its judgment, has been or may be disruptive to the Fund. Each Fund may also refuse purchase and exchange transactions from Fund intermediaries it believes may be facilitating or have facilitated abusive trading practices. In making this judgment, the Funds may consider trading done in multiple accounts under common ownership or control.

 

On a periodic basis, the Transfer Agent will review transaction history reports and will identify redemptions that are within a specific time period from a previous purchase or exchange in the same account(s) in the Funds, or in multiple accounts that are known to be under common control. Redemptions meeting the criteria will be investigated for possible inappropriate trading.

 

Certain accounts, in particular omnibus accounts, include multiple investors and such accounts typically provide the Funds with a net purchase or redemption request on any given day. In these cases, purchases, exchanges and redemptions of Fund shares are netted against one another and the identity of individual purchasers and redeemers whose orders are aggregated may not be known by the Fund. Therefore, it becomes more difficult for the Fund to identify market timing or other abusive trading activities in these accounts, and the Fund may be unable to eliminate abusive traders in these accounts from the Fund. Further, identification of abusive traders may also be limited by operational systems and technical limitations. To the extent abusive or disruptive trading is identified, each Fund will encourage omnibus account intermediaries to address such trading activity in a manner consistent with how the Fund would address such activity directly, if it were able to do so.

 

Due to the complexity and subjectivity involved in identifying market timing and other abusive trading practices, there can be no assurance that the Funds’ efforts will identify all market timing or abusive trading activities. Therefore, investors should not assume that the Fund will be able to detect or prevent all practices that may disadvantage the Fund.

 

VERIFICATION OF ACCOUNTING STATEMENTS

You must contact the Fund in writing regarding any errors or discrepancies within 60 days after the date of the statement confirming a transaction. The Fund may deny your ability to refute a transaction if it does not hear from you within 60 days after the confirmation statement date.

 

INSUFFICIENT FUNDS POLICY

The Funds reserve the right to cancel a purchase if a check or electronic funds transfer does not clear your bank. A Fund may charge your account a $20 fee, and you will be responsible for any losses or fees imposed by your bank and any losses that may be incurred by the Fund as a result of the canceled purchase. If you are already a shareholder in the Fund, the Fund may redeem shares in your account(s) to cover losses due to fluctuations in share price.

 

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CLOSING OR REOPENING FUNDS

The Adviser may recommend that a Fund take action to periodically close (“hard close”) or limit inflows into (“soft close”) the Fund to protect the integrity of a Fund’s investment strategy or objective. Hard closing or soft closing Funds can be an important component of portfolio management, particularly for Funds that primarily invest in smaller companies. The Adviser believes that closing Funds or restricting inflows through some or all channels from time-to-time is in the best interest of Fund shareholders. Conversely, when the assets of a closed or restricted Fund are at a level that the Adviser believes assets could be invested without impairing the Fund, the Adviser may recommend that the Fund be reopened. The Adviser retains the ability, subject to the oversight of the Board, to make exceptions to any action taken to close or limit inflows into a Fund.

 

HOW FUNDS ARE CLOSED OR REOPENED

Fund closings or reopenings will be posted on the Funds’ website at www.grandeurpeakglobal.com. The Adviser will make every effort to post information related to Fund closings at least two weeks prior to the effective date of the closing.

 

Each change in a Fund’s status also will be filed electronically with the SEC. Please see “ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT EACH FUND – HOW TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL INFORMATION” about how to view or obtain copies of documents filed with the SEC.

 

HOW FUND SHARES ARE PRICED

The Board has approved procedures to be used to value the Funds’ securities for the purposes of determining the Fund’s NAV. The valuation of the securities of each Fund is determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Board. The Board has delegated certain valuation functions for the Funds to the Administrator.

 

Each Fund generally values its securities based on market prices determined at the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time) on each business day (Monday through Friday). Each Fund will not value its securities on any day that the NYSE is closed, including the following observed holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. Each Fund’s currency valuations, if any, are done as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time). For equity securities that are traded on an exchange, the market price is usually the closing sale or official closing price on that exchange. In the case of securities not traded on an exchange, or if such closing prices are not otherwise available, the market price is typically determined by independent third party pricing vendors approved by the Funds’ Board using a variety of pricing techniques and methodologies. The market price for debt obligations (including short-term debt obligations that will mature in 60 days or less) is generally the price supplied by an independent third-party pricing service approved by the Funds’ Board, which may use a matrix, formula or other objective method that takes into consideration market indices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. In certain circumstances, bid and ask prices may be obtained from (i) a broker/dealer specified and deemed reliable by the Adviser, (ii) pink sheets, yellow sheets or the blue list, or (iii) a pricing agent that obtains quotations from broker/dealers or evaluates the value of the respective bid and ask prices. Short-term debt obligations that will mature in 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, unless it is determined that using this method would not reflect an investment’s fair value. If vendors are unable to supply a price, or if the price supplied is deemed to be unreliable, the market price may be determined using quotations received from one or more brokers/dealers that make a market in the security.

 

When such prices or quotations are not available, or when the Adviser believes that they are unreliable, securities may be priced using fair value procedures approved by the Board. Because each Fund invests in securities that may be thinly traded or for which market quotations may not be readily available or may be unreliable (such as securities of small capitalization companies), the Fund may use fair valuation procedures more frequently than funds that invest primarily in securities that are more liquid (such as equity securities of large capitalization domestic issuers). The Funds may also use fair value procedures if the Adviser determines that a significant event has occurred between the time at which a market price is determined and the time at which the Funds’ net asset value is calculated. In particular, the value of non-U.S. securities may be materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which they are traded, but before each Fund prices its shares.

 

Each Fund may determine the fair value of investments based on information provided by pricing services and other third-party vendors, which may recommend fair value prices or adjustments with reference to other securities, indices or assets. In considering whether fair value pricing is required and in determining fair values, each Fund may, among other things, consider significant events (which may be considered to include changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after the close of the relevant market and before the Fund values its securities. In addition, each Fund may utilize modeling tools provided by third-party vendors to determine fair values of non-U.S. securities. The Funds’ use of fair value pricing may help deter “stale price arbitrage.”

 

Valuing securities at fair value involves greater reliance on judgment than valuation of securities based on readily available market quotations. A fund that uses fair value to price securities may value those securities higher or lower than another fund using market quotations or its own fair value methodologies to price the same securities. There can be no assurance that a Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its net asset value.

 

Each Fund invests, or may invest, in securities that are traded on foreign exchanges or markets, which may be open when the NYSE is closed. As a result, the value of your investment in each Fund may change on days when you are unable to purchase or redeem shares.

 

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CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION PROGRAM

To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires the Funds’ Transfer Agent to obtain certain personal information from you (or persons acting on your behalf) in order to verify your (or such person’s) identity when you open an account, including name, address, date of birth and other information (which may include certain documents) that will allow the Transfer Agent to verify your identity. If this information is not provided, the Transfer Agent may not be able to open your account. If the Transfer Agent is unable to verify your identity (or that of another person authorized to act on your behalf) shortly after your account is opened, or believes it has identified potentially criminal activity, the Funds, the Distributor and the Transfer Agent each reserve the right to reject further purchase orders from you or to take such other action as they deem reasonable or required by law, including closing your account and redeeming your shares at their NAV at the time of redemption.

 

If you are opening an account in the name of a legal entity (e.g., a partnership, business trust, limited liability company, corporation, etc.), you may be required to supply the identity of the beneficial owner or controlling person(s) of the legal entity prior to the opening of your account. The Fund may request additional information about you (which may include certain documents, such as articles of incorporation for companies) to help the Transfer Agent verify your identity.

 

MEDALLION SIGNATURE GUARANTEE

A Medallion Signature Guarantee assures that a signature is genuine. It is intended to protect shareholders and the Funds against fraudulent transactions by unauthorized persons. A signature guarantee is required if any of the following is applicable:

 

You request a redemption by check above $50,000 ($100,000 for corporate accounts);

 

You would like a check made payable to anyone other than the shareholder(s) of record.

 

You would like a redemption made within 30 days of an address change.

 

You would like a redemption of shares purchased within the prior 90 days from a new bank account or updated bank account, regardless of payment instructions.

 

You would like a check mailed to an address other than the address of record.

 

You would like your redemption proceeds sent to a bank account other than a bank account of record.

 

The Funds reserve the right to require a signature guarantee under other circumstances or to reject or delay a redemption on certain legal grounds.

 

A signature guarantee may be refused if any of the following is applicable:

 

It does not appear valid or in good form.

 

The transaction amount exceeds the surety bond limit of the signature guarantee.

 

The guarantee stamp has been reported as stolen, missing or counterfeit.

 

HOW TO OBTAIN A MEDALLION SIGNATURE GUARANTEE

Medallion Signature Guarantees must be obtained from a participant in a Medallion program endorsed by the Securities Transfer Association. Participants are typically commercial banks or trust companies in the United States, brokerage firms that are members of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. or members of the New York Stock Exchange. Call your financial institution to see if it participates in a medallion program.

 

A Medallion Signature Guarantee may not be provided by a notary public.

 

Dividends and Distributions

 

The Funds normally pay income dividends and distribute capital gains, if any, on an annual basis. As regulated investment companies (“RICs”), the Funds are required to pay out substantially all of their income and capital gains on at least an annual basis to avoid double-taxation of their earnings.

 

Income dividend distributions are derived from interest and other income each Fund receives from its collateral holdings and include distributions of short-term capital gains. Such income is netted with Fund expenses to determine the income dividend. Long-term capital gain distributions are derived from gains realized when a Fund sells an investment it has owned for more than a year, from capital gain distributions from securities in which the Fund own an investment, or from transactions in exchange-traded futures that qualify as section 1256 contracts, which may generate both short-term and long-term capital gains distributions.

 

A Fund may make additional distributions and dividends at other times if the Adviser believes doing so may be necessary for the Fund to avoid or reduce taxes. Distributions and dividends are reinvested in additional Fund shares unless you instruct the Transfer Agent to have your distributions and/or dividends paid by check mailed to the address of record or transferred through an Automated Clearing House to the bank of your choice. You can change your choice at any time to be effective as of the next distribution or dividend, except that any change given to the Transfer Agent less than five days before the payment date will not be effective until the next distribution or dividend is made. Distribution checks will only be issued for payments greater than $25.00. Distributions will automatically be reinvested in shares of the fund(s) generating the distribution if under $25.00. Un-cashed distribution checks will be canceled and proceeds reinvested at the then current net asset value, for any shareholder who chooses to receive distributions in cash, if distribution checks: (1) are returned and marked as “undeliverable” or (2) remain un-cashed for six months after the date of issuance. If distribution checks are canceled and reinvested, your account election may also be changed so that all future distributions are reinvested rather than paid in cash. Interest will not accrue on uncashed distribution checks.

 

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Taxes

 

The discussion below only addresses the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Funds for U.S. persons and does not address any foreign, state or local tax consequences. For purposes of this discussion, U.S. persons are:

 

U.S. citizens or residents;

 

U.S. corporations;

 

an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or certain electing trusts that were in existence on August 20, 1996, and were treated as domestic trusts on August 19, 1996.

 

This discussion does not address issues of significance to U.S. persons in special situations such as (i) certain types of tax-exempt organizations, (ii) shareholders holding shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plan accounts or individual retirement accounts), (iii) shareholders holding investments through foreign institutions (financial and non- financial), (iv) financial institutions, (v) broker-dealers, (vi) entities not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, (vii) shareholders holding shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction, and (viii) shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax. If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. For further information regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Fund, investors should see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Taxation of the Funds.”

 

Non-U.S. persons that are considering the purchase of shares should consult with their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares in the Funds.

 

The Funds intend to meet all requirements under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) necessary to qualify for treatment as a “regulated investment company” and thus do not expect to pay any U.S. federal income tax on income and capital gains distributed to shareholders. The Funds also intend to meet certain distribution requirements such that neither Fund is subject to U.S. federal income tax in general. If a Fund does not meet the distribution requirements, the Fund may be subject to significant excise taxes. This discussion is based on the assumption that the Funds will qualify under Subchapter M of the Code as RICs and will satisfy these distribution requirements. There can be no guarantee that this assumption will be correct.

 

TAXATION OF FUND DISTRIBUTIONS

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, shareholders of RICs are generally subject to taxation based on the underlying character of the income and gain recognized by the RIC and distributed to the shareholders. Distributions of net capital gains that are properly designated by a Fund as capital gain dividends (“capital gain dividends”) will be taxable to Fund shareholders as long-term capital gains. Generally, distributions of earnings derived from ordinary income and short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income. The Funds do not expect a significant portion of their distributions to derive from “qualified dividend income,” which will be taxed to non-corporate shareholders at favorable rates so long as certain requirements are met. Corporate shareholders may be able to take a dividends-received deduction for a portion of the dividends they receive from a Fund to the extent such dividends are received by the Fund from a domestic corporation and to the extent a portion of interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund are treated as dividends subject, in each case, to certain holding period requirements and debt-financing limitations.

 

Some of the Funds’ investments, such as certain option transactions and certain futures transactions, may be “section 1256 contracts.” Section 1256 contracts are taxed annually on a “marked to market” basis as if sold for their fair market values at the end of the tax year. Gains and losses on section 1256 contracts are generally treated as 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss (with certain exceptions).

 

Each Fund may also realize long-term capital gains when it sells or redeems a security that it has owned for more than one year and when it receives capital gain distributions from exchange-traded funds in which that Fund owns investments. Each Fund may realize short-term capital gains from the sale of investments that such Fund owned for one year or less. Each Fund may realize ordinary income from distributions from exchange-traded funds, from foreign currency gains that are not section 1256 contracts, from interest on indebtedness owned by a Fund and from other sources.

 

The maximum long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals and other noncorporate shareholders is currently 20% in addition to the 3.8% surtax on net investment income described below. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Taxation of Fund Distributions.”

 

Distributions of earnings are taxable whether or not a shareholder receives them in cash or reinvests them in additional shares. If a distribution of earnings is made shortly after a shareholder purchases shares of a Fund, while in effect a return of capital, the dividend or distribution is still taxable. A shareholder can avoid this, if they choose, by investing after a Fund has paid a dividend.

 

SALE OR REDEMPTION FUND SHARES

A shareholder’s sale or redemption of Fund shares will generally result in taxable gain (if positive) or loss (if negative) in an amount equal to (i) the amount realized, reduced by (ii) the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the Fund shares sold or redeemed. A shareholder who receives securities in redemption of shares of a Fund will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the

 

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difference between (i) the aggregate fair market value of the securities received plus the amount of any cash received (net of any applicable fees), and (ii) the shareholder’s adjusted basis in the shares redeemed.

 

Any capital gain or loss realized upon the sale or redemption of shares of a Fund is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for one year or less. In certain situations, a loss on the sale or redemption of shares held for six months or less will be a long-term loss. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to significant limitations.

 

Any loss realized on a disposition or redemption of shares of a Fund may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent that the shares disposed of are replaced with other substantially identical shares of a Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before the shares are disposed of, such as pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in shares of a Fund. Persons redeeming shares should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether the wash sale rules apply and when such a loss might be deductible. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Sale or Redemption of Shares.”

 

TAXATION OF CERTAIN INVESTMENTS

A Fund’s investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding or other taxes, which would reduce the Fund’s yield on such securities. Shareholders generally will not be entitled to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes paid by a Fund, although it is possible that the Fund may be able to elect to pass through foreign tax credits or deductions to its shareholders. The Funds make no assurances regarding their ability or willingness to so elect. In addition, a Fund’s investments in foreign securities or foreign currencies may increase or accelerate the Fund’s recognition of ordinary income and may affect the timing or amount of the Fund’s distributions. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Special Tax Considerations.”

 

A Fund may, at times, buy debt obligations at a discount from the price at which they were originally issued, especially during periods of rising interest rates. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, any original issue discount inherent in such investments will be included in a Fund’s ordinary income when and as it accrues as required by applicable law. Even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time and will be subject to the risk of nonpayment, it will be distributed to shareholders as taxable dividends.

 

A Fund may also buy debt obligations in the secondary market which are treated as having market discount. Generally, gain recognized on the disposition of such an investment is treated as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of the accrued market discount, but a Fund may elect instead to currently include the amount of market discount as ordinary income even though the Fund does not receive payment of such amount at that time. A Fund’s investments in certain debt obligations, mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and derivatives may also cause the Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such obligations. Thus, a Fund could be required at times to liquidate other investments in order to satisfy its distribution requirements, potentially increasing the amount of capital gain dividends made to shareholders.

 

If a Fund invests in stock of a real-estate investment trust (a “REIT”), it may be eligible to pay “section 199A dividends” to its shareholders with respect to qualified dividends received by it from its investment in REITs. Section 199A dividends are taxable to individual and other noncorporate shareholders at a reduced effective federal income tax rate, provided that certain holding period requirements and other conditions are satisfied.

 

Surtax on Net Investment Income

A surtax of 3.8% applies to net investment income of an individual taxpayer, and to the undistributed net investment income of a trust or estate, to the extent that the taxpayer recognizes gross income (as adjusted) in excess of a certain amount for a year. Net investment income includes, among other types of income, ordinary income, dividend income and capital gain derived from an investment in a Fund. For information regarding the surtax on net investment income, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Surtax on Net Investment Income.”

 

Cost Basis Reporting

The Funds (or their administrative agent) must report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and furnish to Fund shareholders (other than shareholders who hold their shares through certain tax-advantaged arrangements such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account) the cost basis information for Fund shares that are sold and that were purchased on or after January 1, 2012. If a shareholder does not make a timely election among the available IRS-accepted cost basis methods, the Funds will use a default cost basis method for the shareholder. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers concerning the most desirable IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situations.

 

BACKUP WITHHOLDING

The Funds are also required in certain circumstances to apply backup withholding on taxable dividends, redemption proceeds and certain other payments that are paid to any shareholder who does not furnish to the Funds certain information and certifications or who is otherwise subject to backup withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is currently 24%. For more information regarding backup withholding, see the SAI under “TAXES – Backup Withholding.”

 

FOREIGN ACCOUNTS

Shareholders that invest in a Fund through foreign accounts may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on: (1) income dividends paid by the Fund, and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of a sale of Fund shares paid after December 31, 2018. This withholding tax generally may be avoided if the financial institution that maintains the account satisfies certain registration, certification and reporting requirements. For more information regarding withholding with respect to foreign accounts, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Foreign Accounts.”

 

Investors should consult with their tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.

 

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Financial Highlights

 

The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the Funds’ financial performance for the fiscal periods noted below. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in a Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from the Funds’ financial statements audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, whose report, along with the Funds’ financial statements, are included in the Funds’ annual report, which is available upon request by calling the Funds at 855-377-PEAK(7325).

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund

For a share outstanding throughout the periods presented:

 

Investor Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2016

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 13.05     $ 11.55     $ 9.82     $ 11.51     $ 10.53  

 

                                       

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

                                       

Net investment income(a)

    0.01       0.03       0.02       0.07       0.02  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (1.13 )     1.47       1.75       (1.41 )     1.22  

Total income/(loss) from investment operations

    (1.12 )     1.50       1.77       (1.34 )     1.24  

 

                                       

DISTRIBUTIONS

                                       

From net investment income

    (0.02 )           (0.04 )           (0.01 )

From net realized gain on investments

    (0.09 )                 (0.35 )     (0.25 )

Total distributions

    (0.11 )           (0.04 )     (0.35 )     (0.26 )

 

                                       

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (b)           0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)

 

                                       

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (1.23 )     1.50       1.73       (1.69 )     0.98  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 11.82     $ 13.05     $ 11.55     $ 9.82     $ 11.51  

 

                                       

TOTAL RETURN

    (8.48 )%     12.99 %     18.08 %     (11.62 )%     12.06 %

 

                                       

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

                                       

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 13,869     $ 18,668     $ 18,074     $ 20,548     $ 39,896  

 

                                       

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

                                       

Expenses (excluding fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.77 %     1.79 %     1.76 %     1.77 %     1.82 %

Expenses (including fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.76 %     1.78 %     1.76 %     1.77 %     1.82 %

Net investment income

    0.11 %     0.26 %     0.21 %     0.69 %     0.22 %

 

                                       

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    34 %     33 %     42 %     40 %     53 %

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

 

Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund

For a share outstanding throughout the periods presented:

 

Institutional Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2016

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 13.12     $ 11.60     $ 9.85     $ 11.52     $ 10.54  

 

                                       

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

                                       

Net investment income(a)

    0.03       0.06       0.04       0.08       0.05  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (1.14 )     1.48       1.77       (1.40 )     1.21  

Total income/(loss) from investment operations

    (1.11 )     1.54       1.81       (1.32 )     1.26  

 

                                       

DISTRIBUTIONS

                                       

From net investment income

    (0.04 )     (0.02 )     (0.06 )           (0.03 )

From net realized gain on investments

    (0.09 )                 (0.35 )     (0.25 )

Total distributions

    (0.13 )     (0.02 )     (0.06 )     (0.35 )     (0.28 )

 

                                       

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)

 

                                       

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (1.24 )     1.52       1.75       (1.67 )     0.98  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 11.88     $ 13.12     $ 11.60     $ 9.85     $ 11.52  

 

                                       

TOTAL RETURN

    (8.32 )%     13.24 %     18.42 %     (11.44 )%     12.22 %

 

                                       

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

                                       

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 452,530     $ 471,260     $ 398,891     $ 349,493     $ 428,048  

 

                                       

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

                                       

Expenses (excluding fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.53 %     1.55 %     1.55 %     1.55 %     1.58 %

Expenses (including fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.52 %     1.54 %     1.55 %     1.55 %     1.58 %

Net investment income

    0.29 %     0.49 %     0.35 %     0.75 %     0.43 %

 

                                       

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    34 %     33 %     42 %     40 %     53 %

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

 

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Grandeur Peak Funds FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

 

Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund

For a share outstanding throughout the periods presented:

 

Institutional Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

For the Period
October 21, 2015
(Commencement
of Operations) to
April 30, 2016

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 13.12     $ 11.98     $ 10.38     $ 10.00  

 

                               

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

                               

Net investment income/(loss)(a)

    (0.01 )     (0.00 )(b)     0.01       (0.02 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (1.08 )     2.12       1.72       0.40  

Total income/(loss) from investment operations

    (1.09 )     2.12       1.73       0.38  
                                 

DISTRIBUTIONS

                               

From net investment income

          (0.06 )     (0.02 )      

From net realized gain on investments

    (0.72 )     (0.92 )     (0.11 )      

Total distributions

    (0.72 )     (0.98 )     (0.13 )      

 

                               

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)

 

                               

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (1.81 )     1.14       1.60       0.38  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 11.31     $ 13.12     $ 11.98     $ 10.38  

 

                               

TOTAL RETURN

    (7.67 )%     17.68 %     16.81 %     3.80 %(c)

 

                               

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

                               

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 35,654     $ 41,709     $ 36,620     $ 30,735  

 

                               

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

                               

Expenses (excluding fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    2.05 %     2.06 %     2.17 %     2.30 %(d)(e)

Expenses (including fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    2.00 %     2.00 %     2.00 %     2.00 %(d)(e)

Net investment income/(loss)

    (0.06 )%     0.00 %(f)     0.11 %     (0.41 )%(d)

 

                               

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    37 %     46 %     37 %     8 %(c)

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

(c)

Not Annualized.

(d)

Annualized.

(e)

Expense ratios during startup periods may not be representative of longer term operating periods.

(f)

Less than 0.005% of average net assets.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

55

 

 

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

 

Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund

For a share outstanding throughout the periods presented:

 

Investor Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2016

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 3.95     $ 3.52     $ 3.01     $ 3.43     $ 3.31  

 

                                       

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

                                       

Net investment income/(loss)(a)

    (0.00 )(b)     0.00  (b)     (0.00 )(b)(c)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (0.14 )     0.65       0.51       (0.18 )     0.35  

Total income/(loss) from investment operations

    (0.14 )     0.65       0.51       (0.18 )     0.35  

 

                                       

DISTRIBUTIONS

                                       

From net investment income

    (0.00 )(b)                 (0.00 )(b)     (0.01 )

From net realized gain on investments

    (0.33 )     (0.22 )     (0.00 )(b)     (0.24 )     (0.22 )

Total distributions

    (0.33 )     (0.22 )     (0.00 )(b)     (0.24 )     (0.23 )

 

                                       

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)

 

                                       

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (0.47 )     0.43       0.51       (0.42 )     0.12  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 3.48     $ 3.95     $ 3.52     $ 3.01     $ 3.43  

 

                                       

TOTAL RETURN

    (1.83 )%     18.41 %     17.09 %     (5.03 )%     11.09 %

 

                                       

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

                                       

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 130,745     $ 188,379     $ 166,284     $ 173,156     $ 201,462  

 

                                       

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

                                       

Expenses (excluding fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.61 %     1.61 %     1.61 %     1.62 %     1.62 %

Expenses (including fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.57 %     1.55 %     1.59 %     1.62 %     1.62 %

Net investment income/(loss)

    (0.12 )%     0.03 %     (0.06 )%     0.06 %     0.12 %

 

                                       

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    38 %     29 %     30 %     32 %     37 %

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

(c)

The per share amount does not correspond to activity reflected in the Statement of Operations due to class specific expenses during the period.

 

56

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Grandeur Peak Funds FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

 

Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund

For a share outstanding throughout the periods presented:

 

Institutional Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2016

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 4.00     $ 3.56     $ 3.03     $ 3.46     $ 3.34  

 

                                       

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

                                       

Net investment income(a)

    0.00  (b)     0.01       0.01       0.01       0.01  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (0.14 )     0.65       0.52       (0.19 )     0.34  

Total income/(loss) from investment operations

    (0.14 )     0.66       0.53       (0.18 )     0.35  

 

                                       

DISTRIBUTIONS

                                       

From net investment income

    (0.01 )     (0.00 )(b)     (0.00 )(b)     (0.01 )     (0.01 )

From net realized gain on investments

    (0.33 )     (0.22 )     (0.00 )(b)     (0.24 )     (0.22 )

Total distributions

    (0.34 )     (0.22 )     (0.00 )(a)     (0.25 )     (0.23 )

 

                                       

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)

 

                                       

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (0.48 )     0.44       0.53       (0.43 )     0.12  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 3.52     $ 4.00     $ 3.56     $ 3.03     $ 3.46  

 

                                       

TOTAL RETURN

    (1.84 )%     18.62 %     17.81 %     (5.12 )%     11.20 %

 

                                       

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

                                       

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 523,862     $ 591,470     $ 532,946     $ 452,030     $ 526,394  

 

                                       

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

                                       

Expenses (excluding fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.37 %     1.36 %     1.37 %     1.38 %     1.38 %

Expenses (including fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.33 %     1.31 %     1.35 %     1.38 %     1.38 %

Net investment income

    0.13 %     0.28 %     0.18 %     0.30 %     0.35 %

 

                                       

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    38 %     29 %     30 %     32 %     37 %

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

57

 

 

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

 

Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund

For a share outstanding throughout the periods presented:

 

Investor Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2016

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 16.97     $ 14.52     $ 12.31     $ 13.65     $ 12.43  

 

                                       

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

                                       

Net investment income(a)

    0.01       0.01       0.01       0.01       0.00  (b)

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (0.58 )     2.66       2.22       (0.89 )     1.37  

Total income/(loss) from investment operations

    (0.57 )     2.67       2.23       (0.88 )     1.37  

 

                                       

DISTRIBUTIONS

                                       

From net investment income

    (0.00 )           (0.02 )     (0.01 )     (0.01 )

From net realized gain on investments

    (1.42 )     (0.22 )           (0.45 )     (0.14 )

Total distributions

    (1.42 )     (0.22 )     (0.02 )     (0.46 )     (0.15 )

 

                                       

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)

 

                                       

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (1.99 )     2.45       2.21       (1.34 )     1.22  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 14.98     $ 16.97     $ 14.52     $ 12.31     $ 13.65  

 

                                       

TOTAL RETURN

    (1.61 )%     18.44 %     18.11 %     (6.45 )%     11.09 %

 

                                       

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

                                       

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 56,307     $ 65,923     $ 67,574     $ 66,984     $ 87,354  

 

                                       

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

                                       

Expenses (excluding fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.52 %     1.52 %     1.52 %     1.60 %     1.60 %

Expenses (including fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.52 %     1.52 %     1.52 %     1.60 %     1.60 %

Net investment income

    0.05 %     0.06 %     0.07 %     0.10 %     0.03 %

 

                                       

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    50 %     43 %     42 %     46 %     46 %

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

 

58

1.855.377.PEAK (7325) | www.GrandeurPeakGlobal.com

 

 

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

 

Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund

For a share outstanding throughout the periods presented:

 

Institutional Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2016

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 17.02     $ 14.55     $ 12.33     $ 13.66     $ 12.42  

 

                                       

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

                                       

Net investment income(a)

    0.05       0.04       0.04       0.04       0.03  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (0.58 )     2.67       2.22       (0.89 )     1.37  

Total income/(loss) from investment operations

    (0.53 )     2.71       2.26       (0.85 )     1.40  

 

                                       

DISTRIBUTIONS

                                       

From net investment income

    (0.03 )     (0.02 )     (0.04 )     (0.03 )     (0.02 )

From net realized gain on investments

    (1.42 )     (0.22 )           (0.45 )     (0.14 )

Total distributions

    (1.45 )     (0.24 )     (0.04 )     (0.48 )     (0.16 )

 

                                       

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)

 

                                       

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (1.98 )     2.47       2.22       (1.33 )     1.24  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 15.04     $ 17.02     $ 14.55     $ 12.33     $ 13.66  

 

                                       

TOTAL RETURN

    (1.33 )%     18.69 %     18.36 %     (6.18 )%     11.41 %

 

                                       

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

                                       

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 272,743     $ 302,269     $ 258,683     $ 221,759     $ 260,239  

 

                                       

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

                                       

Expenses (excluding fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.27 %     1.28 %     1.29 %     1.35 %     1.35 %

Expenses (including fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.27 %     1.28 %     1.29 %     1.35 %     1.35 %

Net investment income

    0.29 %     0.27 %     0.28 %     0.34 %     0.23 %

 

                                       

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    50 %     43 %     42 %     46 %     46 %

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

59

 

 

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

 

Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund

For a share outstanding throughout the periods presented:

 

Investor Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

For the Period
September 2,
2015
(Commencement
of Operations) to
April 30, 2016

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 15.06     $ 12.76     $ 10.85     $ 10.00  

 

                               

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

                               

Net investment income/(loss)(a)

    0.01       (0.00 )(b)     (0.03 )     0.00  (b)

Net realized and unrealized gain on investments

    0.16       2.52       1.95       0.85  

Total income from investment operations

    0.17       2.52       1.92       0.85  

 

                               

DISTRIBUTIONS

                               

From net investment income

                (0.01 )     (0.00 )(b)

From net realized gain on investments

    (0.40 )     (0.22 )           (0.00 )(b)

Total distributions

    (0.40 )     (0.22 )     (0.01 )     (0.00 )(a)

 

                               

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)

 

                               

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (0.23 )     2.30       1.91       0.85  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 14.83     $ 15.06     $ 12.76     $ 10.85  

 

                               

TOTAL RETURN

    1.78 %     19.79 %     17.70 %     8.55 %(c)

 

                               

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

                               

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 90,400     $ 92,552     $ 61,212     $ 19,131  

 

                               

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

                               

Expenses (excluding fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.27 %     1.35 %     1.41 %     2.06 %(d)(e)

Expenses (including fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.27 %     1.35 %     1.35 %     1.35 %(d)(e)

Net investment income/(loss)

    0.05 %     (0.03 )%     (0.23 )%     0.00 %(d)(f)

 

                               

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    52 %     30 %     32 %     24 %(c)

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

(c)

Not Annualized.

(d)

Annualized.

(e)

Expense ratios during startup periods may not be representative of longer term operating periods.

(f)

Less than 0.005% of average net assets.

 

60

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Grandeur Peak Funds FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

 

Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund

For a share outstanding throughout the periods presented:

 

Institutional Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

For the Period
September 2,
2015
(Commencement
of Operations) to
April 30, 2016

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 15.14     $ 12.79     $ 10.87     $ 10.00  

 

                               

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

                               

Net investment income(a)

    0.04       0.03       0.01  (b)     0.02  

Net realized and unrealized gain on investments

    0.17       2.54       1.93       0.85  

Total income from investment operations

    0.21       2.57       1.94       0.87  

 

                               

DISTRIBUTIONS

                               

From net investment income

    (0.02 )           (0.02 )     (0.00 )(c)

From net realized gain on investments

    (0.40 )     (0.22 )           (0.00 )(c)

Total distributions

    (0.42 )     (0.22 )     (0.02 )     (0.00 )(a)

 

                               

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (c)     0.00  (c)     0.00  (c)     0.00  (c)

 

                               

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (0.21 )     2.35       1.92       0.87  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 14.93     $ 15.14     $ 12.79     $ 10.87  

 

                               

TOTAL RETURN

    2.08 %     20.14 %     17.92 %     8.76 %(d)

 

                               

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

                               

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 108,934     $ 95,533     $ 47,811     $ 17,562  

 

                               

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

                               

Expenses (excluding fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.02 %     1.10 %     1.17 %     1.86 %(e)(f)

Expenses (including fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.02 %     1.10 %     1.10 %     1.10 %(e)(f)

Net investment income

    0.27 %     0.24 %     0.05 %     0.22 %(e)

 

                               

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    52 %     30 %     32 %     24 %(d)

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

The per share amount does not correspond to activity reflected in the Statement of Operations due to class specific expenses during the period.

(c)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

(d)

Not Annualized.

(e)

Annualized.

(f)

Expense ratios during startup periods may not be representative of longer term operating periods.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

61

 

 

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

 

Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund

For a share outstanding throughout the periods presented:

 

Investor Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2016

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 4.10     $ 3.55     $ 3.09     $ 3.42     $ 3.41  

 

                                       

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

                                       

Net investment income(a)

    0.00  (b)     0.01       0.01       0.01       0.01  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (0.38 )     0.68       0.52       (0.20 )     0.21  

Total income/(loss) from investment operations

    (0.38 )     0.69       0.53       (0.19 )     0.22  

 

                                       

DISTRIBUTIONS

                                       

From net investment income

    (0.01 )     (0.01 )     (0.02 )     (0.01 )     (0.01 )

From net realized gain on investments

    (0.37 )     (0.13 )     (0.05 )     (0.13 )     (0.20 )

Total distributions

    (0.38 )     (0.14 )     (0.07 )     (0.14 )     (0.21 )

 

                                       

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)

 

                                       

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (0.76 )     0.55       0.46       (0.33 )     0.01  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 3.34     $ 4.10     $ 3.55     $ 3.09     $ 3.42  

 

                                       

TOTAL RETURN

    (7.40 )%     19.30 %     17.50 %     (5.53 )%     7.25 %

 

                                       

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

                                       

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 58,070     $ 78,686     $ 78,403     $ 123,922     $ 173,842  

 

                                       

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

                                       

Expenses (excluding fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.62 %     1.61 %     1.61 %     1.62 %     1.62 %

Expenses (including fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.57 %     1.55 %     1.58 %     1.62 %     1.62 %

Net investment income

    0.11 %     0.31 %     0.16 %     0.45 %     0.37 %

 

                                       

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    34 %     26 %     30 %     34 %     36 %

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

 

62

1.855.377.PEAK (7325) | www.GrandeurPeakGlobal.com

 

 

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

 

Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund

For a share outstanding throughout the periods presented:

 

Institutional Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2016

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 4.12     $ 3.57     $ 3.11     $ 3.43     $ 3.42  

 

                                       

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

                                       

Net investment income(a)

    0.01       0.02       0.01       0.02       0.02  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (0.38 )     0.67       0.52       (0.20 )     0.21  

Total income/(loss) from investment operations

    (0.37 )     0.69       0.53       (0.18 )     0.23  

 

                                       

DISTRIBUTIONS

                                       

From net investment income

    (0.02 )     (0.01 )     (0.02 )     (0.01 )     (0.02 )

From net realized gain on investments

    (0.37 )     (0.13 )     (0.05 )     (0.13 )     (0.20 )

Total distributions

    (0.39 )     (0.14 )     (0.07 )     (0.14 )     (0.22 )

 

                                       

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)

 

                                       

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (0.76 )     0.55       0.46       (0.32 )     0.01  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 3.36     $ 4.12     $ 3.57     $ 3.11     $ 3.43  

 

                                       

TOTAL RETURN

    (7.19 )%     19.38 %     17.59 %     (5.02 )%     7.41 %

 

                                       

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

                                       

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 653,241     $ 813,322     $ 698,504     $ 579,371     $ 682,364  

 

                                       

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

                                       

Expenses (excluding fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.37 %     1.37 %     1.37 %     1.38 %     1.38 %

Expenses (including fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.32 %     1.30 %     1.34 %     1.38 %     1.38 %

Net investment income

    0.41 %     0.54 %     0.42 %     0.65 %     0.61 %

 

                                       

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    34 %     26 %     30 %     34 %     36 %

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

63

 

 

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

 

Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund

For a share outstanding throughout the periods presented:

 

Investor Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

For the Period
September 2,
2015
(Commencement
of Operations) to
April 30, 2016

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 15.53     $ 13.04     $ 11.02     $ 10.00  

 

                               

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

                               

Net investment income(a)

    0.04       0.05       0.02       0.03  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (0.53 )     2.62       2.03       0.99  

Total income/(loss) from investment operations

    (0.49 )     2.67       2.05       1.02  
                                 

DISTRIBUTIONS

                               

From net investment income

    (0.05 )           (0.03 )      

From net realized gain on investments

    (0.29 )     (0.18 )            

Total distributions

    (0.34 )     (0.18 )     (0.03 )      

 

                               

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)

 

                               

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (0.83 )     2.49       2.02       1.02  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 14.70     $ 15.53     $ 13.04     $ 11.02  

 

                               

TOTAL RETURN

    (2.69 )%     20.50 %     18.68 %     10.20 %(c)

 

                               

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

                               

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 72,204     $ 52,478     $ 31,045     $ 22,028  

 

                               

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

                               

Expenses (excluding fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.19 %     1.19 %     1.27 %     1.45 %(d)(e)

Expenses (including fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.19 %     1.19 %     1.27 %     1.35 %(d)(e)

Net investment income

    0.26 %     0.33 %     0.19 %     0.44 %(d)

 

                               

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    42 %     24 %     37 %     59 %(c)

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

(c)

Not Annualized.

(d)

Annualized.

(e)

Expense ratios during startup periods may not be representative of longer term operating periods.

 

64

1.855.377.PEAK (7325) | www.GrandeurPeakGlobal.com

 

 

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

 

Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund

For a share outstanding throughout the periods presented:

 

Institutional Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

For the Period
September 2,
2015
(Commencement
of Operations) to
April 30, 2016

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 15.57     $ 13.06     $ 11.03     $ 10.00  

 

                               

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

                               

Net investment income(a)

    0.07       0.08       0.04       0.04  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (0.54 )     2.63       2.04       0.99  

Total income/(loss) from investment operations

    (0.47 )     2.71       2.08       1.03  

 

                               

DISTRIBUTIONS

                               

From net investment income

    (0.07 )     (0.02 )     (0.05 )     (0.00 )(b)

From net realized gain on investments

    (0.29 )     (0.18 )            

Total distributions

    (0.36 )     (0.20 )     (0.05 )     (0.00 )(b)

 

                               

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)

 

                               

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (0.83 )     2.51       2.03       1.03  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 14.74     $ 15.57     $ 13.06     $ 11.03  

 

                               

TOTAL RETURN

    (2.50 )%     20.79 %     18.96 %     10.34 %(c)

 

                               

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

                               

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 561,100     $ 496,358     $ 265,393     $ 119,070  

 

                               

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

                               

Expenses (excluding fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    0.94 %     0.94 %     1.02 %     1.20 %(d)(e)

Expenses (including fees waived/reimbursed by investment advisor)

    0.94 %     0.94 %     1.02 %     1.10 %(d)(e)

Net investment income

    0.51 %     0.57 %     0.37 %     0.60 %(d)

 

                               

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    42 %     24 %     37 %     59 %(c)

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

(c)

Not Annualized.

(d)

Annualized.

(e)

Expense ratios during startup periods may not be representative of longer term operating periods.

 

 

Grandeur Peak Funds | 2019 Prospectus

65

 

 

Additional Information About Each Fund

 

SHAREHOLDER REPORTS

Annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders provide additional information about the Funds’ investments. These reports discuss the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance.

 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The statement of additional information (SAI) provides more detailed information about each Fund. It is incorporated by reference into (is legally a part of) this Prospectus. The SAI is not distributed to shareholders. The latest version is available at www.grandeurpeakglobal.com.

 

HOUSEHOLDING RELATIONSHIPS

The Funds send one financial report and Prospectus for everyone at the same address. Contact the Transfer Agent if you do not want this policy to apply to you.

 

HOW TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

You can obtain shareholder reports or the statement of additional information (without charge), make inquiries or request other information about the Funds by contacting the Transfer Agent at 855-377-PEAK(7325), by writing the Funds at P.O. Box 13664, Denver, CO, 80201, or by calling your financial consultant. This information is also available free of charge on the Funds’ website at www.grandeurpeakglobal.com.

 

You can get copies of the Fund’s shareholder reports, prospectus and statement of additional information after paying a fee by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov. You can get the same reports and information free from the EDGAR Database on the Commission’s Internet web site at http://www.sec.gov.

 

SHAREHOLDER SERVICES CONTACT INFORMATION

Phone:

855-377-PEAK(7325)
(Monday – Friday, 7:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m. Mountain time)

E-mail:

grandeurpeakglobal@alpsinc.com

Mail:

P.O. Box 13664 Denver, CO 80201

 

   

If someone makes a statement about a Fund that is not in this Prospectus, you should not rely upon that information. Neither the Funds nor the Distributor is offering to sell shares of a Fund to any person to whom that Fund may not lawfully sell its shares.

 

(Investment Company Act file no. 811-8194)

 

 

PROSPECTUS August 31, 2019

 

Highland Resolute Fund

Class I RMRGX

 

As with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

 

Highland Resolute Fund

Table of Contents

 

 

   

PAGE

Summary Section

2

Investment Objective and Principal Strategies

9

More On The Fund’s Investments and Related Risks

10

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

20

Management

20

Portfolio Managers

21

Administrator, Distributor and Transfer Agent of the Fund

22

Buying and Redeeming Shares

22

Share Transactions

25

Dividends and Distributions

27

Taxes

28

Financial Highlights

31

Additional Information About the Fund

Back Cover

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

Highland Resolute Fund

 

 

Highland Resolute Fund (the “Fund”)

 

Investment Objective

 

The Fund seeks to provide long-term total return with reduced volatility and reduced correlation to the conventional stock and bond markets.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

 

Class I

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

 

Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed within 90 days of purchase)

2.00%

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investments)

 

Management Fees(1)

1.50%

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

NONE

Other Expenses

 

Shareholder Services Fee

0.10%

Other Fund Expenses

0.27%

Dividend and Interest Expense on Short Sales

0.19%

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses

0.32%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(2)

2.38%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement(3)

-0.95%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement

1.43%

 

(1)

The Fund intends to invest a portion of its assets in a wholly owned Cayman subsidiary (the “Subsidiary”). The Subsidiary has entered into a separate advisory agreement with Highland Associates, Inc. (the “Adviser”) for the management of the Subsidiary’s portfolio pursuant to which the Subsidiary is obligated to pay the Adviser a management fee at the same rate that the Fund pays the Adviser for services provided to the Fund. This waiver may not be terminated without the consent of the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the “Board”).

 

(2)

The Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses will not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average net assets provided in the Financial Highlights table for the Fund in the Fund’s annual report for the same period, which reflects the operating expenses of the Fund and does not include Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses. Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses have been restated to reflect current fees.

 

(3)

The Adviser has agreed to waive (i) the portion of its 1.50% Management Fee in excess of any sub-advisory fees less (ii) third-party administrative costs charged to the Adviser in connection with the non-recurring addition of a new investment sub-advisor for the Fund or the removal of an existing investment sub-adviser to the Fund (“Sub-Advisory Fees”). This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser may not discontinue this agreement to waive fees prior to August 31, 2020 without the approval of the Board.

 

Example

 

This example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example assumes you purchase your shares on August 31, 2019, and reflects the net operating expenses with the waiver through the current term of Expense Agreement, which ends on August 31, 2020. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

 

Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your cost would be:

1
YEAR

3
YEARS

5
YEARS

10
YEARS

Class I Shares

$146

$651

$1,184

$2,640

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may also result in higher taxes for a shareholder of the Fund when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. During the Fund’s most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 55% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund

 

The Fund pursues its objective primarily by allocating its assets among (i) investment sub-advisers (the “Sub- Advisers”) who manage alternative or hedging investment strategies, (ii) other open-end funds, closed-end funds, or exchange-traded funds that use alternative or hedging strategies (collectively “underlying funds”), and (iii) derivatives, principally (though not limited to) total return swaps on reference pools of securities which may be managed by unaffiliated parties (“Underlying Pools”), for the purposes of seeking economic exposure to alternative or hedging strategies.

 

In addition to the strategies described above, the Fund may invest in equity securities of issuers of any market capitalization in the U.S. or abroad, and in fixed-income securities of any credit

 

2    Prospectus | August 31, 2019

 

 

 

Highland Resolute Fund

 

 

quality and maturity, including those with fixed or variable terms and those of defaulted/distressed issuers and bank loans.

 

In seeking exposure to certain derivatives, the Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in a wholly-owned subsidiary organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Subsidiary”). The Subsidiary, which will be managed by the Adviser, has the same investment objective as the Fund. The Subsidiary expects to invest in derivative instruments such as swaps, futures and forward contracts.

 

The hedging or alternative strategies to which the Fund seeks to provide exposure may include the use of short selling, options, futures, derivatives or similar instruments (whether directly or indirectly through the Fund’s investments in the Subsidiary), market neutral and arbitrage strategies, commodities or commodity-linked investments, leverage, and investments in distressed securities. These strategies attempt to exploit disparities or inefficiencies in the markets, geographical areas, and companies; take advantage of security mispricings or anticipated price movements; and/or benefit from cyclical themes or special situations or events. The Fund generally seeks to maintain net equity exposure ranging between ten percent (10%) to sixty percent (60%) of net assets. The remainder of the Fund’s exposure (i.e., other than net equity) is expected to come primarily from the direct or indirect investment in investment grade fixed income securities of varying maturities, cash, non-equity derivatives or similar instruments.

 

In selecting and weighting investment options, the Adviser seeks to identify strategies which, based on the investment styles and historical performance of the associated managers, have the potential, in the opinion of the Adviser, to perform independently of each other and achieve positive risk-adjusted returns in various market cycles.

 

The Subsidiary may invest without limitation in derivative instruments, but will otherwise be subject to the same fundamental investment limitations as the Fund. The Adviser may change the allocation of the Fund’s assets among the available investment options at any time.

 

Sub-Advisers

 

Each Sub-Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of its allocated portion of Fund assets. The Adviser has ultimate responsibility, subject to the oversight of the Board of Trustees of the Fund, to oversee the Sub-Advisers, and to recommend their hiring, termination and replacement. The Adviser may hire and terminate Sub-Advisers in accordance with the terms of an exemptive order obtained by the Fund and the Adviser from the SEC, under which the Adviser is permitted, subject to supervision and approval of the Board of Trustees, to enter into and materially amend sub-advisory agreements for the Fund, specifically without shareholder approval. Currently, the Adviser has entered into separate sub-advisory agreements with Incline Global Management, LLC (“Incline Global”), Chatham Asset Management, LLC (“Chatham”) and Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC (“Parametric”).

 

Underlying Funds

 

By investing in an underlying fund, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that underlying fund. As a result, the Fund’s shareholders will indirectly bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by shareholders of the underlying fund, in addition to the fees and expenses the Fund’s shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s own operations.

 

Swap Contracts on Underlying Pools

 

The Fund or the Subsidiary may enter into total return swaps, which are contracts with a brokerage firm or other financial institution (the swap counterparty) for periods ranging from a few days to multiple years. In a total return swap, the Fund or the Subsidiary agrees with the swap counterparty to “swap” the total return (including typically, income and capital gains distributions, principal prepayment, credit losses, etc.) of an underlying reference asset (such as an index, security or underlying pool of securities) in exchange for a regular payment, at a floating rate, at a fixed rate, or the total rate of return on another financial instrument. The Fund or the Subsidiary may take either position in a total return swap (i.e., receive or pay the total return on the underlying reference asset or index). The Fund or Subsidiary may, through such a total return swap, seek to access the returns of a single or multiple Underlying Pool(s) that use a single manager or multiple managers to execute strategies which the Adviser deems to be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies. Each Underlying Pool typically invests according to the alternative or hedging investment strategies described above.

 

Principal Risks of the Fund

 

The following is a description of the principal risks of the Fund’s portfolio, which may adversely affect its net asset value and total return. There are other circumstances (including additional risks that are not described here) which could prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. It is important to read all the disclosure information provided and to understand that you may lose money by investing in the Fund.

 

Unless stated otherwise, the principal risks described below are applicable to the Fund directly and indirectly through the underlying investments and funds in which the Fund invests.

 

ADR Risk – The Fund may invest in American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”). ADR risks include, but are not limited to, fluctuations in foreign currencies, political and financial instability, less liquidity and greater volatility, lack of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and increased price volatility. ADRs may not track the price of the underlying securities, and their value may change

 

3

 

 

 

Highland Resolute Fund

 

 

materially at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading.

 

Below-Investment Grade Securities Risk – Investments in below-investment grade fixed-income securities (“high yield securities” or “junk bonds”) are generally more speculative than investment grade fixed-income securities and have a greater risk of default. If an issuer defaults, a below-investment grade security could lose all of its value, be renegotiated at a lower interest rate or principal amount, or become illiquid. Below-investment grade securities may be less liquid and more volatile than investment grade fixed-income securities and may be more difficult to value.

 

Commodity Risk – Investing long or short in the commodities market and investing in commodities linked instruments, such as exchange-traded notes, may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. Commodities include energy, metals, agricultural products, livestock and minerals. The Fund, either directly or indirectly, may seek exposure to certain commodities (such as gold) or may invest in commodity linked derivative instruments. The value of commodities and commodity contracts are affected by a variety of factors, including global supply and demand, changes in interest rates, commodity index volatility, and factors affecting a particular industry or commodity.

 

Convertible Securities Risk – Convertible securities entail interest rate and credit risks. While fixed-income securities generally have a priority claim on a corporation’s assets over that of common stock, convertible securities held by the Fund that are rated below investment grade (i.e., “junk bonds”) are subject to special risks, including the risk of default in interest or principal payments, which could result in a loss of income to the Fund or a decline in the market value of the securities.

 

Credit Risk – Credit risk (also called default risk) is the risk that the issuer of a security will not be able to make principal and interest payments on a debt issue. The credit ratings of issuers could change and negatively affect the Fund’s share price or yield. When the Fund uses derivatives instruments to seek credit exposure to underlying issuers, it is subject to the credit risk of both the underlying issuer(s) and the counterparty (typically a broker or bank) to the instrument. When the Fund invests directly or indirectly in asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations, it is subject to the credit risks of the underlying assets that collateralize the instrument.

 

Currency Risk – The value of the securities held by the Fund or an underlying investment or fund may be affected by changes in exchange rates or control regulations. If a local currency gains against the U.S. dollar, the value of the security increases in U.S. dollar terms. If a local currency declines against the U.S. dollar, the value of the security decreases in U.S. dollar terms.

 

Derivatives Risk – Risks associated with derivatives may include the risk that the derivative is not well correlated with the security, index or currency to which it relates, the risk that derivatives may not have the intended effects and may result in losses or missed opportunities, the risk that the Fund, the Subsidiary, or an underlying investment in which the Fund invests will be unable to sell the derivative, and the risk that the derivative transaction could expose the Fund or the Subsidiary to the effects of leverage, which could increase the its exposure to the market and magnify potential losses. The use of over-the-counter derivatives subject the Fund or the Subsidiary to credit risk of the counterparty of the instrument. These valuations may prove to be inaccurate. Because such valuations may be used to determine the fees payable to an investment adviser or the net asset value of the Fund’s shares, a redeeming Fund shareholder may, in certain circumstances, receive a different amount in redemption proceeds than would have been received if readily available market values were available for all of the Fund’s investments.

 

Emerging Markets Risk – Emerging markets investments are subject to the same risks as foreign investments and to additional risks due to greater political and economic uncertainties as well as a relative lack of information about companies in such markets. Securities traded on emerging markets are potentially illiquid and may be subject to volatility and high transaction costs.

 

Equity Risk – The Fund’s equity holdings may decline in value because of changes in price of a particular holding or a broad stock market decline. The value of a security may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer of a security.

 

Exchange-Traded and Closed-End Fund Risk – The risks of investment in other investment companies typically reflect the risk of the types of securities in which the Fund’s underlying investments may choose to invest. Investments in exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and closed-end funds are subject to the additional risk that shares of the underlying investment or fund may trade at a premium or discount to their net asset value per share. When the Fund invests in another investment company, shareholders of the Fund bear their proportionate share of the other investment company’s fees and expenses as well as their share of the Fund’s fees and expenses.

 

Exchange-Traded Note Risk – The risks of ETNs include the risk of the reference index. The value of an ETN is also subject to the credit risk of the issuer. Thus, the value of an ETN may drop due to a decline in an issuer’s credit quality or a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating, even if there

 

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is no change or an increase in the reference index. When the Fund invests in an ETN, shareholders of the Fund bear their proportionate share of the ETNs’ fees and expenses as well as their share of the Fund’s fees and expenses.

 

Fixed Income Risk – Investing in long or short in fixed income securities subjects the Fund to additional risks, which include credit risk, interest risk, maturity risk, investment grade securities risk, municipal securities risk and prepayment risk. These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.

 

Foreign Securities Risk – Investing long or short in foreign issuers involves risks not associated with U.S. investments, including settlement risks, currency fluctuation, foreign tax risks, different financial reporting practices and regulatory standards, high costs of trading, changes in political conditions, expropriation, investment and repatriation restrictions as well as settlement and custody risks.

 

Futures Contracts Risk – There may be an imperfect correlation between the changes in market value of the securities held by the Fund and the prices of futures contracts. There may not be a liquid secondary market for the futures contracts.

 

Initial Public Offering Risk – The Fund may purchase securities in an initial public offering (“IPO”) or private placement, or are restricted (subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) and may be illiquid; thus the Fund may not be able to dispose of them promptly at the price at which they are valued.

 

Large-Cap Companies Risk – The Fund’s investment in larger companies is subject to the risk that larger companies are sometimes unable to attain the high growth rates of successful, small companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion.

 

Leverage Risk – The Fund, either directly or through an underlying investment, may incur leverage through, borrowing for other than temporary or emergency purposes, investments in certain derivatives, short sales and futures contracts and forward currency contracts and engaging in forward commitment transactions. The use of leverage can lead to significantly greater losses than a comparable unleveraged portfolio.

 

Liquidity Risk – When there is no willing buyer and investments cannot be readily sold at the desired time or price, the Fund may need to accept a lower price or may not be able to sell the security at all. An inability to sell securities can adversely affect the Fund’s value or prevent the Fund from being able to take advantage of other investment opportunities. Recent instability in certain credit and fixed income markets has adversely affected and is expected to continue to affect the liquidity of certain classes of securities, including, in particular, certain types of asset-backed, mortgage-backed and real estate-related securities.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk – The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Mid-Cap Companies Risk – A mid cap company may be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic events than stocks of larger companies. The prices of mid-cap companies’ stock tend to fluctuate in value more than those of larger capitalization stock.

 

Mortgage-Related Securities Risk – Mortgage-related securities can be sensitive to changes in interest rates and are subject to pre-payment risk, which is the risk that the underlying debt may be refinanced or prepaid. Mortgage-related securities issued by private issuers are subject to greater credit risks than those issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government.

 

Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities Risk – Mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) and asset-backed securities (“ABS”) are subject to certain risks. The default rate on underlying mortgage loans or asset loans may be higher than anticipated, potentially reducing payments to the Fund. Default rates are sensitive to overall economic conditions such as unemployment, wage levels and economic growth rates. MBS are susceptible to maturity risk because issuers of securities held by the Fund are able to prepay principal due on these securities, particularly during periods of declining interest rates. Securities subject to prepayment risk generally offer less potential for gains when interest rates decline, and may offer a greater potential for loss when interest rates rise. When interest rates decline, borrowers may pay off their mortgages sooner than expected. This can reduce the returns to the Fund because the Fund may have to reinvest that money at the lower prevailing interest rates. Prepayment risk as well as the risk that the structure of certain MBS may make their reaction to interest rates and other factors difficult to predict, making their prices volatile. Generally, rising interest rates tend to be associated with longer MBS maturities because borrower prepayment rates tend to decline when rates rise.

 

Multiple Investment Sub-Adviser Risk – The Sub-Advisers make their trading decisions independently. Each Sub-Adviser uses a particular style or set of styles to select investments for the Fund. Those styles may be out of favor or may not produce the best results over the investment time periods. Each Sub-Adviser’s investment strategies or

 

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choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Non-Diversified Risk – An underlying investment (such as another fund) in which the Fund invests that is non-diversified may invest a larger percentage of its assets in a given security than a diversified fund. As a result, it may be more susceptible to a single adverse economic, political or regulatory occurrence affecting one or more issuers in which a large percentage of its assets is invested and may experience increased volatility due to its investments in those securities.

 

Options Risk – The price of the options, which is a function of interest rates, volatility, dividends, the exercise price, stock price and other market factors, may change rapidly over time. There may be an imperfect correlation between the prices of options and movements in the price of the securities (or indices) hedged or used for cover which may cause a given hedge not to achieve its objective. Over the-counter options expose the Fund to counterparty risk.

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk – Frequent trading of securities by the Fund or by an underlying investment or fund may result in a higher than average level of capital gains, including short-term gains, and will result in greater transaction costs to the Fund. Higher portfolio turnover may increase the level of short-term capital gains. To the extent distributions to shareholders are made from net-short-term capital gains of the Fund, the distributions will be taxed at ordinary income rates for federal income tax purposes, rather than at lower long-term capital gains rates. Greater transaction costs and higher expenses as a result of portfolio turnover can negatively impact the Fund’s performance.

 

Preferred Stock Risk – Preferred stock is a class of a capital stock that typically pays dividends at a specified rate. Preferred stock is generally senior to common stock, but subordinate to debt securities, with respect to the payment of dividends and on liquidation of the issuer. The market value of preferred stock generally decreases when interest rates rise and is also affected by the issuer’s ability to make payments on the preferred stock.

 

Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Transactions Risk – The Fund may enter into repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions agreements. If the party agreeing to repurchase should default, the Fund may sell the underlying securities and incur procedural costs or delays in addition to any loss on the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold by the Fund may decline below the price at which it is obligated to repurchase the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements may be considered borrowing for some purposes.

 

Risk of Investment in Other Investment Companies – There are certain risks associated with the Fund’s investment in underlying funds. These risks include, but are not limited to, risks associated with the expenses of the underlying fund, risks associated with limited access to information about the underlying fund expenses, and risks associated with regulatory limits on the Fund’s ability to allocate assets to an underlying fund. In addition, all risks associated with an underlying fund, including managed portfolio risks, are indirect risks of the Fund.

 

Risk of Underlying Pools – Underlying Pools are subject to management, transactional and other expenses, which will be indirectly paid by the Fund as an investor party to a swap contract on an Underlying Pool. The Underlying Pools will pay management fees, brokerage commissions, and operating expenses to one or more advisors engaged to trade alternative and/or hedging strategies on behalf of the Underlying Pools (each an “Underlying Pool Manager”), which will affect the returns to which the Fund seeks access via the total return swap. There is no guarantee that any of the trading strategies used by the Underlying Pool Managers retained by the Underlying Pools will be profitable or avoid losses.

 

Short Sales Risk – The Fund may sell securities short. Short sales involve the risk that the Fund will incur a loss by subsequently buying a security at a higher price than the price at which the fund previously sold the security short. Any loss will be increased by the amount of compensation, dividends or interest the fund must pay to the lender of the security. Because a loss incurred by the Fund on a short sale results from increases in the value of the security, losses on a short sale are theoretically unlimited. In addition, the Fund may not be able to close out a short position at a particular time or at an acceptable price.

 

Small-Cap Companies Risk – Small-cap companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources and less seasoned management teams and may trade less frequently and at a lower volume than more widely held securities. The prices of small-cap companies’ stock tend to fluctuate in value more than those of large- and mid-capitalization stocks.

 

Subsidiary Risk – By investing in the Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of the Subsidiary will be achieved. In addition, the Subsidiary is not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), and, unless otherwise noted in this Prospectus, is not subject to all of the investor protections of the 1940 Act. In addition, changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as described in

 

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this Prospectus and the statement of additional information and could adversely affect the Fund.

 

Swap Contract Risk – The Fund may, directly or indirectly through the Subsidiary, engage in interest rate, currency, equity swaps and credit default swaps (“CDSs”), and related instruments. Each swap exposes the Fund and/or Subsidiary to the risk that a counterparty may become bankrupt or otherwise fail to perform its obligations due to financial difficulties. As a result, the Fund or Subsidiary may experience delays in or be prevented from obtaining payments owed to it pursuant to a swap contract. Total return swaps are also subject to the particular risk that the swaps could result in losses if the underlying asset or reference, such as an Underlying Pool, does not perform as anticipated. Although total return swaps on Underlying Pools may seek to approximate the economic results of investments in pooled vehicles, they may be subject to particular liquidity risks. Distressed Investments Risk - The Fund’s investment in instruments involving loans, loan participations, bonds, notes, non-performing and sub-performing mortgage loans, many of which are not publicly traded, may involve a substantial degree of risk. These instruments may become illiquid and the prices of such instruments may be extremely volatile. Valuing such instruments may be difficult and the Fund may lose all of its investment, or it may be required to accept cash or securities with a value less than the Fund’s original investment.

 

Tax Risk – The Fund intends to treat its income from direct investment in certain derivative instruments and the Subsidiary as qualifying income for purposes of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The tax treatment of income from derivative investments and from the Subsidiary is not certain and may be adversely affected by changes in legislation, regulations or other legally binding authority. If the income of the Fund from certain derivative investments or from the Subsidiary were treated as non-qualifying income for a regulated investment company (“RIC”), the Fund might not qualify as a RIC. The Fund must remain a RIC to avoid federal income tax at the Fund level.

 

Performance Information

 

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. The bar chart figures do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay when they buy or sell shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to broad-based securities market indices. The indices are not actively managed and are not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available by calling 855.268.2242.

 

Annual Total Return (years ended 12/31)
Class I Shares

 

 

Best Quarter – March 31, 2013

4.02%

Worst Quarter – December 31, 2018

-6.32%

 

The Fund’s year-to-date return as of June 30, 2019 was -1.07%.

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historically highest individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the table below. The after-tax return information shown below does not apply to Fund shares held through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.

 

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Average Annual Total Returns
(for the periods ended December 31, 2018)

 

 

1 Year

5 Years

Since Inception
(December 30, 2011)

Highland Resolute Fund (Class I Shares)

Return Before Taxes

-6.75%

1.25%

2.77%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-8.06%

-0.17%

1.62%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-3.47%

0.53%

1.79%

HFRX Global Hedge Fund Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-6.72%

-0.59%

1.01%

S&P 500 Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-4.38%

8.49%

12.69%

Dow Jones Select Dividend Total Return Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-5.94%

8.49%

11.55%

 

Investment Adviser

 

Highland Associates, Inc. (the “Adviser”) is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

As of the date of this Prospectus, Incline Global Management, LLC, Chatham Asset Management, LLC and Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC serve as sub-advisers to the Fund.

 

Portfolio Managers

 

The following individuals are jointly responsible, on behalf of the Adviser, for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio and for the oversight of the Sub-Advisers’ activities:

 

R. Scott Graham, CFA, Consultant of the Adviser since September 2006. Mr. Graham has served as lead portfolio manager of the Fund since December 2011. Mr. Graham became a Principal of the Adviser in September 2014 and Chief Investment Officer in November 2014.

 

Michael T. Lytle, CFA, Consultant of the Adviser since October 2006. Mr. Lytle has served as assistant portfolio manager of the Fund since December 2011. Mr. Lytle became a Principal of the Adviser in September 2014.

 

The following individuals are jointly responsible for the day-to-day management of the particular portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to the respective Sub-Advisers, subject to the oversight of the Adviser:

 

Incline Global

Jeff Lignelli, Chief Executive Officer and Portfolio Manager of Incline Global. Mr. Lignelli founded Incline Global in April 2012, and has served as a portfolio manager to the Fund since August 2016.

 

Chatham

Anthony Melchiorre, Managing Member and Portfolio Manager of Chatham. Mr. Melchiorre founded Chatham in 2003 and has served as a portfolio manager to the Fund since January 2017.

 

Kevin O’Malley, co-Portfolio Manager of Chatham. Mr. O’Malley joined Chatham in 2004 and has served as a co-portfolio manager to the Fund since January 2017.

 

Evan Ratner, co-Portfolio Manager of Chatham. Mr. Ratner joined Chatham in 2009 and has served as a co-portfolio manager to the Fund since January 2017.

 

Parametric

Tom Lee, CFA, Managing Director – Investment Strategy and Research, Jay Strohmaier, CFA, Managing Director, Perry Li, CFA, FRM, Portfolio Manager and Michael Zaslavsky, CFA, Portfolio Manager, have served as portfolio managers to the Fund since July 2019.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

The Fund offers investors one class of shares: Class I shares. The minimum investment in Class I shares is $1,000,000. Investors generally may meet the minimum investment amount by aggregating multiple accounts within the Fund. There is no subsequent investment minimum.

 

Sales of shares of the Fund are limited to existing or new investment advisory clients of the Adviser. Further, purchases and redemptions can generally be made only through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms. You should contact your financial intermediary or refer to your plan documents for information on how to invest in the Fund.

 

Tax Information

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from such a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

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Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

Investment Objective and Principal Strategies

 

This section describes the Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies. See “More on the Fund’s Investments and Related Risks” in this Prospectus and the Statement of Additional Information for more information about the Fund’s investments and the risks of investing.

 

What is the Fund’s Investment Objective?

 

The Fund seeks to provide long-term total return with reduced volatility and reduced correlation to the conventional stock and bond markets.

 

Total return measures the total performance of an investment including interest, capital gains, dividends, and distributions realized over a given period of time. While there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in this Prospectus.

 

The Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change this investment objective or the Fund’s principal investment strategies without a shareholder vote. The Fund will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to the Fund’s investment objective or principal investment strategies, you should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

What are the Fund’s Principal Investment Strategies?

 

The Fund pursues its objective primarily by allocating its assets among (i) investment sub-advisers (the “Sub-Advisers”) who manage alternative or hedging investment strategies, (ii) other open-end funds, closed-end funds, or exchange-traded funds that use alternative or hedging strategies (collectively “underlying funds”), and (iii) derivatives, principally (though not limited to) total return swaps on reference pools of securities which may be managed by unaffiliated parties (“Underlying Pools”), for the purposes of seeking economic exposure to alternative or hedging strategies.

 

In addition to the strategies described above, the Fund may invest in equity securities of issuers of any market capitalization in the U.S. or abroad, and in in fixed-income securities of any credit quality and maturity, including those with fixed or variable terms and those of defaulted/distressed issuers and bank loans.

 

In seeking exposure to certain derivatives, the Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in a wholly-owned subsidiary organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Subsidiary”). The Subsidiary, which will be managed by the Adviser, has the same investment objective as the Fund. The Subsidiary expects to invest in derivative instruments such as swaps, futures and forward contracts.

 

The hedging or alternative strategies to which the Fund seeks to provide exposure may include the use of short selling, options, futures, derivatives or similar instruments (whether directly or indirectly through the Fund’s investments in the Subsidiary), market neutral and arbitrage strategies, commodities or commodity-linked investments, leverage, and investments in distressed securities. These strategies attempt to exploit disparities or inefficiencies in the markets, geographical areas, and companies; take advantage of security mispricings or anticipated price movements; and/or benefit from cyclical themes or special situations or events (such as spin-offs or reorganizations). The Fund generally seeks to maintain net equity exposure ranging between ten percent (10%) to sixty percent (60%) of net assets. For example, an underlying investment or strategy that uses or that provides exposure to a long/short strategy may be 100% long equities and 40% short equities, resulting in a net equity exposure of 60%, with the balance held in cash. The remainder of the Fund’s exposure (i.e., other than net equity) is expected to come primarily from the direct or indirect investment in investment grade fixed income securities of varying maturities, cash, non-equity derivatives or similar instruments.

 

The Adviser determines the allocation of the Fund’s assets among the various underlying investments or strategy. In selecting and weighting investment options, the Adviser seeks to identify strategies which, based on the investment styles and historical performance of the associated managers, have the potential, in the opinion of the Adviser, to perform independently of each other and achieve positive risk-adjusted returns in various market cycles. This is referred to as “low correlation.” The degree of correlation of any an underlying investment or strategy will, with other investment strategies and the market as a whole, vary as a result of market conditions and other factors, and some underlying investments or strategies will have a greater degree of correlation with each other and with the market than others. By allocating its assets among a number of investment options, the Fund seeks to provide exposure to a broad array of assets with less risk and lower volatility than if the Fund utilized a single Manager or a single strategy approach. The Fund is not required to invest in any minimum number of underlying investments or strategies, and

 

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does not have minimum or maximum limitations with respect to allocations of assets to any Sub-Adviser, underlying fund, derivatives, investment strategy, or market sector.

 

The Subsidiary may invest without limitation in derivative instruments, but will otherwise be subject to the same fundamental investment limitations as the Fund. The Adviser may change the allocation of the Fund’s assets among the available investment options at any time. The most common types of derivatives in which the Fund may invest are forwards, options, futures and swaps contracts. The Fund may invest in derivatives to hedge (or reduce) its exposure to a portfolio asset or risk, to obtain leverage for speculative purposes, to manage cash and/or as a substitute for taking a position in the reference asset or to gain exposure to certain asset classes, in which case the derivatives may have economic characteristics similar to those of the reference asset.

 

Sub-Advisers

Each Sub-Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of its allocated portion of Fund assets. The Adviser has ultimate responsibility, subject to the oversight of the Board of Trustees of the Fund, to oversee the Sub-Advisers, and to recommend their hiring, termination and replacement. The Adviser may hire and terminate Sub-Advisers in accordance with the terms of an exemptive order obtained by the Fund and the Adviser from the SEC, under which the Adviser is permitted, subject to supervision and approval of the Board of Trustees, to enter into and materially amend sub-advisory agreements without shareholder approval. The Adviser will furnish shareholders of the Fund with information regarding a new Sub-Adviser within 90 days of the hiring of the new Sub-Adviser. Currently, the Adviser has entered into sub-advisory agreements for the Fund, specifically with Incline Global Management, LLC (“Incline Global”), Chatham Asset Management, LLC (“Chatham”) and Parametric Associates LLC (“Parametric”).

 

Underlying Funds

Each underlying fund invests its assets in accordance with its investment strategy. The Fund may invest in underlying funds in excess of the limitations under the 1940 Act, pursuant to an exemptive order obtained by the Fund and the Adviser from the SEC and consistent with the conditions specified in such order. Investments in the securities of underlying funds involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in an underlying fund, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that underlying fund. As a result, the Fund’s shareholders will indirectly bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by shareholders of the underlying fund, in addition to the fees and expenses the Fund’s shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s own operations.

 

Swap Contracts on Underlying Pools

The Fund or the Subsidiary may enter into total return swaps, which are contracts with a brokerage firm or other financial institution (the swap counterparty) for periods ranging from a few days to multiple years. In a basic swap transaction, the Fund or the Subsidiary agrees with its counterparty to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on a particular “notional amount” of underlying instruments. The notional amount is the set amount selected by the parties as the basis on which to calculate the obligations that they have agreed to exchange. The parties typically do not actually exchange the notional amount. Instead, they agree to exchange the returns that would be earned or realized if the notional amount were invested in certain reference assets. In a total return swap, the Fund or the Subsidiary agrees with the swap counterparty to “swap” the total return (including typically, income and capital gains distributions, principal prepayment, credit losses, etc.) of an underlying reference asset (such as an index, security or underlying pool of securities) in exchange for a regular payment, at a floating rate, at a fixed rate, or the total rate of return on another financial instrument. The Fund or the Subsidiary may take either position in a total return swap (i.e., receive or pay the total return on the underlying reference asset or index). The Fund or Subsidiary may, through such a total return swap, seek to access the returns of a single or multiple Underlying Pool(s) that use a single manager or multiple managers to execute strategies which the Adviser deems to be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies. Each Underlying Pool typically invests according to the alternative or hedging investment strategies described above.

 

More On The Fund’s Investments and Related Risks

 

The Fund’s investment objective and its principal investment strategies are described above under “Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies.” This section provides additional information about the Fund’s investment strategies and certain portfolio management techniques the Fund may use, as well as the principal and other risks that may affect the Fund’s portfolio. Additional information about some of these investments and portfolio management techniques and their associated risks is included in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”), which is available without charge upon request (see back cover).

 

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What are the Principal Securities in Which the
Fund Invests?

 

Convertible Securities

The Fund may invest in one or more convertible securities. A convertible security is one that can be exchanged for a specified amount of another, generally related security, at the option of the issuer and/or the holder.

 

Derivatives

The Fund may invest, directly or indirectly through the Subsidiary, in derivatives which are financial contracts whose values depend on, or are derived from, the values of underlying assets, reference rates, or indices. To manage risk or enhance return (including through the use of leverage), the Fund may invest in derivatives including options and futures and swap agreements. The Fund may invest in futures contracts on equity and debt securities, equity and debt indices and commodities. The Fund may invest in option contracts on equity and debt securities, equity and debt indices, commodities and futures.

 

Swap Agreements. A swap agreement is a commitment between two parties to make or receive payments based on agreed upon terms, and whose value and payments are derived by changes in the value of an underlying financial instrument. Interest rate swaps are contracts involving the exchange between two contracting parties of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest (e.g., an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed rate payments). Credit default swaps are contracts whereby one party makes periodic payments to a counterparty in exchange for the right to receive from the counterparty a payment equal to the par (or other agreed-upon) value of an underlying debt obligation in the event of default by the issuer of the debt security. Total return swaps are a contract where one party agrees to pay the other party an amount equal to the total return of a defined underlying asset (such as an equity security or a managed account) or a non-asset reference (such as an index) during a specified period of time. In return, the other party would make periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or on the total return from a different underlying asset or non-asset reference. Returns of swap(s) will be reduced, and their losses increased, by the operating expenses of the reference assets (for example, an underlying pool of securities). Such operating expenses may include management fees, operating, audit, and administration costs, among others. These costs are embedded in the return of the swaps and represent an indirect cost of investing in the Fund. Typically, the management fees of the manager of the reference assets or pool range from 0% to 2% of assets. Such fees are accrued daily within the index and deducted from a swap’s value quarterly.

 

Option Contracts. The Fund may invest in options that trade on either an exchange or over-the-counter. By buying a call option on a security, the Fund has the right, in return for the premium paid, to buy the security or commodity underlying the option at the exercise price. By writing (selling) a call option and receiving a premium, the Fund becomes obligated, during the term of the option, to deliver the security or commodity underlying the option at the exercise price if the option is exercised. By buying a put option, the Fund has the right, in return for the premium, to sell the security or commodity underlying the option at the exercise price. By writing a put option and receiving a premium, the Fund becomes obligated during the term of the option to purchase the security or commodity underlying the option at the exercise price. An option on an index gives the holder the right to receive an amount of cash upon exercise of the option equal to the difference between the closing value of the index and the exercise price of the option. Receipt of this cash amount will depend upon the closing level of the index upon which the option is based being greater than (in the case of a call) or less than (in the case of put) the exercise price of the option. Some stock index options are based on a market index such as the S&P 500 Index. When the Fund purchases an option on a futures contract, it acquires the right in return for the premium it pays to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put) rather than to purchase or sell stock, at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. When the Fund writes an option on a futures contract, it becomes obligated, in return for the premium received, to assume a position in the futures contract (a short position if the option is a call, a long position if the option is a put) at a specified exercise price at any time during the term of the option. If the Fund writes a call, it assumes a short futures position. If the Fund writes a put, it assumes a long futures position. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position to the purchaser of the option will be accompanied by transfer to the purchaser of an accumulated balance representing the amount by which the market price of the futures contract exceeds, in the case of a call, or is less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option on the future.

 

Futures Contracts. The Fund may invest in futures that trade on either an exchange or over-the-counter. A futures contract obligates the seller to deliver (and the purchaser to take delivery of) the specified security, commodity or currency underlying the contract on the expiration date of the contract at an agreed upon price. An index futures contract obligates the seller to deliver (and the purchaser to take) an amount of cash equal to a specific dollar amount multiplied by the difference between the value of a specific index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the agreement is made. No physical

 

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delivery of the underlying securities in the index is made. Generally, these futures contracts are closed out prior to the expiration date of the contracts.

 

Equity and Equity-Related Securities

The Fund may invest in all types of equity securities including common and preferred stock. The Fund may invest in the equity securities of companies of all sizes.

 

Exchange-Traded Notes

The Fund may invest in exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”). ETNs are senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities issued by a financial institution, listed on an exchange and traded in the secondary market. They are designed to provide investors with a way to access the returns of market benchmarks. ETNs are not equities or index funds, but they do share several characteristics. For example, like equities, they trade on an exchange and can be shorted. Like an index fund, they are linked to the return of a reference index.

 

Fixed Income Securities

The Fund may invest in debt securities of varying maturities and durations, including both corporate debt securities and securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored entities. Debt securities may have fixed or variable/floating rates. The Fund may invest in debt securities that have credit ratings of below-investment grade (“Junk Bonds”). Securities that are rated lower than investment grade generally offer high income in an effort to compensate investors for their higher risk of default, which is the failure to make required interest or principal payments. Issuers of below investment grade debt include small or relatively new companies lacking the history or capital to merit investment grade status, former blue chip companies downgraded because of financial problems, companies electing to borrow heavily to finance or avoid takeover or buyout and firms with heavy debt loads.

 

Foreign Securities

The Fund may invest in equity securities issued by companies organized outside the United States, including both developed and emerging markets. The Fund may also invest in debt securities of U.S. and foreign governments, government-related agencies, and companies. Foreign securities may include ADRs. While the Fund values all its investments in U.S. dollars, foreign securities may be denominated and/or traded in foreign currencies.

 

Leverage

The Fund may use leverage in an effort to increase its returns. Leverage exists when cash made available to the Fund through an investment technique is used to make additional investments. Borrowing for other than temporary or emergency purposes, investments in certain derivatives, short sales and futures contracts and forward currency contracts and engaging in forward commitment transactions are examples of transactions that result in leverage. The Fund will only use these investment techniques when the Adviser or a Sub-Adviser, as applicable, believes that the leveraging and the returns available to the Fund from investing the cash will provide investors a potentially higher return subject to the restrictions of the 1940 Act.

 

Mortgage-backed/Asset-backed Securities

The Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities which are securities that directly or indirectly represent participations in, or are collateralized by, payable from mortgage loans secured by real property. Mortgage-backed securities represent pools of mortgage loans assembled for sale to investors by various governmental agencies such as Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) and government-related organizations such as Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), as well as by non-governmental issuers such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, and private mortgage insurance companies. Other asset-backed securities may be collateralized by other loans or assets and receivables. Although certain asset-backed securities are guaranteed by a third party or are otherwise similarly secured, the market value of these securities, which may fluctuate, is not secured.

 

Other Investment Companies

The Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies, including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) (including leveraged ETFs), open-end funds and closed-end funds. An ETF is an investment company that seeks to track the performance of an index by holding in its portfolio shares of all the companies, or a representative sample of the companies, that are components of a particular index. The Fund may invest in ETFs both to supplement and to fill particular asset classes or sectors, particularly international equities, emerging markets, fixed income and alternative investments. Closed-end funds are investment companies that typically issue a fixed number of shares that trade on a securities exchange or over-the-counter. The risks of investment in other investment companies typically reflect the risk of the types of securities in which the funds invest. Investments in ETFs and closed-end funds are subject to the additional risk that shares of the ETF or closed-end fund may trade at a premium or discount to their net asset value per share. When the Fund invests in another investment company, shareholders of the Fund bear their proportionate share of the other investment company’s fees and expenses as well as their share of the Fund’s fees and expenses.

 

Repurchase Agreements

In a repurchase agreement, the Fund acquires a security for a short time while agreeing to sell it back at a designated price and time. The agreement creates a fixed rate of return not subject to market fluctuations. The Fund enters into these agreements generally with member banks of the Federal Reserve System

 

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or certain non-bank dealers; these counterparties collateralize the transaction.

 

Short Sales

The Fund may seek to hedge investments or realize additional gains through the use of short sales. Short sales are transactions in which the Fund sells a security it does not own, in anticipation of a decline in the market value of that security. To complete such a transaction, the Fund must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund then is obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at or prior to the time of replacement. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. Until the security is replaced, the Fund is required to repay the lender any dividends or interest that accrues during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The net proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker (or by the Fund’s custodian in a special custody account), to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed out. The Fund also will incur transaction costs in effecting short sales.

 

What are the Non-Principal Strategies of the Fund?

 

Illiquid Investments

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. An illiquid investment is a security or other position that cannot be disposed of quickly in the normal course of business (within seven days). For example, some securities are not registered under U.S. securities laws and cannot be sold to the U.S. public because of SEC regulations (these are known as “restricted securities”). Under procedures adopted by the Fund’s Board, certain restricted securities may be deemed liquid and will not be counted toward this 15% limit.

 

In October 2016, the SEC adopted a liquidity risk management rule, Rule 22e-4 (the “Liquidity Rule”). The Liquidity Rule requires open-end Funds to establish a liquidity risk management program and enhance disclosures regarding liquidity. As required by the Liquidity Rule, the Fund has implemented a Liquidity Program, and the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, has appointed a Liquidity Risk Management Committee (the “LRM Committee”) as the liquidity risk program administrator of the Liquidity Program. Under the Liquidity Program, the LRM Committee assesses, manages, and periodically reviews each Fund’s liquidity risk and classifies each investment held by each Fund as a “highly liquid investment,” “moderately liquid investment,” “less liquid investment” or “illiquid investment.” The Liquidity Rule defines “liquidity risk” as the risk that a Fund could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by the Fund without significant dilution of the remaining investors’ interest in the Fund. The liquidity of a Fund’s portfolio investments is determined based on relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations under the Liquidity Program. The impact the Liquidity Rule will have on the Funds is not yet fully known, but the Liquidity Rule could impact the Funds’ performance and their ability to achieve their investment objectives.

 

U.S. Government Securities

These are fixed income obligations of the U.S. government and its various agencies. U.S. government securities issued by the U.S. Treasury (bills, notes and bonds) are backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government. Some government securities not issued by the U.S. Treasury also carry the government’s full faith and credit backing on principal or interest payments. Some securities are backed by the issuer’s right to borrow from the U.S. Treasury and some are backed only by the credit of the issuing organization. All government securities are considered highly creditworthy. This guarantee, however, does not extend to the market prices for such securities, which can fluctuate.

 

Cash Position

The Fund may not always stay fully invested. For example, when the Adviser believes that market conditions are unfavorable for profitable investing, or when it is otherwise unable to locate attractive investment opportunities, the Fund’s cash or similar investments may increase. In other words, cash or similar investments generally are a residual – they represent the assets that remain after the Fund has committed available assets to desirable investment opportunities. When the Fund’s investments in cash or similar investments increase, it may not participate in market advances or declines to the same extent that it would if the Fund remained more fully invested, and it may be less likely to achieve its investment objective.

 

What are the Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund?

 

ADR Risk

The Fund may invest in ADRs. ADRs may involve additional risks relating to political, economic or regulatory conditions in foreign countries. These risks include fluctuations in foreign currencies, political and financial instability, less liquidity and greater volatility, lack of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and increased price volatility. The underlying securities are typically denominated (or quoted) in a currency other than U.S. dollars. The securities underlying ADRs trade on foreign exchanges at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading. As a result, the value of ADRs may not track the price of the underlying securities and may change materially at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading.

 

Below-Investment Grade Securities Risk

Investments in below-investment grade fixed-income securities, “high yield securities” or “junk bonds,” are generally more speculative than investment grade fixed-income securities and have a greater risk of default. Below-investment grade fixed-

 

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income securities may be less liquid and more volatile than investment grade fixed-income securities and may be more difficult to value or sell. Issuers of below-investment grade fixed-income securities are more likely to encounter and be materially affected by financial difficulties that may cause the issuer to default or otherwise become unable to pay interest or principal due on the security. Rising interest rates may compound such difficulties and reduce an issuer’s ability to repay principal and interest. If an issuer of a below-investment grade fixed-income security defaults, the security could lose all of its value, be renegotiated at a lower interest rate or principal amount, or become illiquid.

 

Commodity Risk

Investing long or short in the commodities market and investing in commodities linked instruments, such as exchange-traded notes, may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. Commodities include energy, metals, agricultural products, livestock and minerals. The Fund, either directly or indirectly, may seek exposure to certain commodities (such as gold) or may invest in commodity linked derivative instruments. The value of commodities and commodity contracts are affected by a variety of factors, including global supply and demand, changes in interest rates, commodity index volatility, and factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargos, government regulation, tariffs and taxes, world events and economic, political and regulatory developments. The Fund’s ability to invest in the commodities market and its ability to invest in commodities linked instruments may be significantly limited by the federal income tax rules applicable to regulated investment companies.

 

Convertible Securities Risk

Convertible securities entail some of the risks of both equity and debt securities. While fixed-income securities generally have a priority claim on a corporation’s assets over that of common stock, some of the convertible securities which the Fund may hold are high-yield/high-risk securities that are subject to special risks, including the risk of default in interest or principal payments which could result in a loss of income from or a decline in the market value of, the securities. In addition, convertible securities often display a degree of market price volatility that is comparable to common stocks. The credit risk associated with convertible securities generally is reflected by their ratings by organizations such as Moody’s or S&P or a similar determination of creditworthiness by a Sub-Adviser. The value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates rise and, because of the conversion feature, tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying securities.

 

Credit Risk

Credit risk (also called default risk) is the risk that the issuer of a security will not be able to make principal and interest payments on a debt issue. The credit ratings of issuers could change and negatively affect the Fund’s share price or yield. When the Fund uses derivatives instruments to seek credit exposure to underlying issuers, it is subject to the credit risk of both the underlying issuer(s) and the counterparty (typically a broker or bank) to the instrument. When the Fund invests directly or indirectly in asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations, it is subject to the credit risks of the underlying assets that collateralize the instrument. Recent instability in the credit markets has resulted in increased delinquencies and credit losses on certain asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities.

 

Currency Risk

The value of the securities held by the Fund or an underlying investment or fund may be affected by changes in exchange rates or control regulations. If a local currency gains against the U.S. dollar, the value of the security increases in U.S. dollar terms. If a local currency declines against the U.S. dollar, the value of the security decreases in U.S. dollar terms.

 

Derivatives Risk

Risks associated with derivatives may include the risk that the derivative is not well correlated with the security, index or currency to which it relates, the risk that derivatives may not have the intended effects and may result in losses or missed opportunities, the risk that the Fund, the Subsidiary, or an underlying investment in which the Fund invests will be unable to sell the derivative because of an illiquid secondary market, the risk that a counterparty is unwilling or unable to meet its obligations, and the risk that the derivative transaction could expose the Fund or the Subsidiary to the effects of leverage, which could increase the its exposure to the market and magnify potential losses. There is no guarantee that derivatives, to the extent employed, will have the intended effect, and their use could cause lower returns or even losses to the Fund. The use of derivatives to hedge risk may reduce the opportunity for gain by offsetting the positive effect of favorable price movements. The use of over-the-counter derivatives subject the Fund or the Subsidiary to credit risk of the counterparty of the instrument. The use of certain derivatives provides exposure to the underlying market or other reference asset in excess of the cash investment of the Fund. The use of derivatives can magnify gains or losses. In addition, certain derivative instruments used will be priced, in the absence of readily available market values, based on estimates of fair value, in accordance with Fund procedures. These valuations may prove to be inaccurate. Because such valuations may be used to determine the fees payable to an investment adviser or the net asset value of the Fund’s shares, a redeeming Fund shareholder may, in certain circumstances, receive a different amount in redemption proceeds than would have been received if readily available market values were available for all of the Fund’s investments.

 

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Distressed Investments Risk

The Fund’s distressed debt strategy of investing in instruments involving loans, loan participations, bonds, notes, non-performing, sub-performing and sub-prime mortgage loans, many of which are not publicly traded, may involve a substantial degree of risk. In certain periods, there may be little or no liquidity in the markets for these instruments. The prices of such instruments may be extremely volatile. Valuing such instruments may be difficult, and the spread between the bid and asked prices of them may be greater than normally expected. If a Sub-Adviser’s evaluation of a distressed security should prove incorrect, the Fund may lose a substantial portion or all of its investment, or it may be required to accept cash or securities with a value less than the Fund’s original investment. Moreover, because issuers of distressed securities are typically in a weak financial condition, the likelihood of default is high, in which case the Fund may lose its entire investment in such defaulted securities.

 

Emerging Markets Risk

The Fund may invest in foreign investments of issuers in emerging markets. Investments in such emerging markets present greater risks than investing in foreign issuers in general. The risk of political or social upheaval is greater in emerging markets. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and markets of certain emerging market countries. A relative lack of information about companies in emerging markets may also exist. Securities traded on emerging markets are potentially illiquid and may be subject to volatility and high transaction costs.

 

Equity Risk

Equity holdings may decline in value because of changes in price of a particular holding or a broad stock market decline. These fluctuations could be a drastic movement or a sustained trend. The value of a security may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer of a security, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer’s goods or services. Common stocks in general are subject to the risk of an issuer liquidating or declaring bankruptcy, in which case the claims of owners of the issuer’s debt securities and preferred stock take precedence over the claims of common stockholders. The value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates rise and, because of the conversion feature, tends to vary with fluctuation in the market value of the underlying securities.

 

Exchange-Traded and Closed-End Fund Risk

The risks of investment in other investment companies typically reflect the risk of the types of securities in which the Fund’s underlying investments may invest. Investments in exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and closed-end funds are subject to the additional risk that shares of the underlying investment or fund may trade at a premium or discount to their net asset value per share. When the Fund invests in another investment company, shareholders of the Fund bear their proportionate share of the other investment company’s fees and expenses as well as their share of the Fund’s fees and expenses. There may also not be an active trading market available for shares of some ETFs or closed-end funds. Additionally, trading of ETF and closed-end fund shares may be halted or delisted by the listing exchange.

 

Exchange-Traded Note Risk

The returns of exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”) are based on the performance of a specified market index minus applicable fees. The risks of ETNs include the risk of the reference index. The value of an ETN is also subject to the credit risk of the issuer. Thus, the value of an ETN may drop due to a decline in an issuer’s credit quality or a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating, even if there is no change or an increase in the reference index. ETNs are subject to the additional risk that notes may trade at a premium or discount to their reference index. When the Fund invests in an ETN, shareholders of the Fund bear their proportionate share of the ETNs’ fees and expenses as well as their share of the Fund’s fees and expenses. There may also not be an active trading market available for some ETNs. Additionally, trading of ETNs may be halted or delisted by the listing exchange.

 

Fixed Income Risk

Investing in long or short positions in fixed income securities subjects the Fund to additional risks, which include credit risk, interest risk, maturity risk, investment grade securities risk, municipal securities risk and prepayment risk. These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.

 

Foreign Securities Risk

Investing in long or short in foreign issuers involves risks not typically associated with U.S. investments, including settlement risks, currency fluctuation, foreign tax risks, different financial reporting practices and regulatory standards, high costs of trading, changes in political conditions, expropriation, investment and repatriation restrictions as well as settlement and custody risks.

 

Fund-of-Funds Structure Risk

There are certain risks associated with the use of a fund-of-funds structure. These risks include, but are not limited to:

 

Expenses. Your cost of investing in the Fund will be higher than the cost of investing directly in the underlying funds. In addition, costs may be higher than mutual funds that invest directly in stocks and bonds.

 

Allocation Risk. The Fund may be prevented from fully allocating assets to an underlying fund due to regulatory limitations which may impact a fund-of-funds.

 

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Underlying Fund Risk. All risks associated with an underlying fund are applicable to the Fund. In addition, the Adviser’s assumptions about an underlying fund may be incorrect in view of actual market conditions. The Adviser may be subject to potential conflicts of interest in the selection of underlying funds. An underlying fund may experience large purchases or redemptions, which could affect the performance of the Fund.

 

Transparency Risk. The underlying funds are not managed by the Adviser, and the Adviser has access to information regarding the underlying fund’s investments to the extent the underlying fund’s adviser makes those available.

 

Underlying Fund Managed Portfolio Risk. The underlying fund adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the underlying fund to incur losses.

 

Futures Contracts Risk

There may be an imperfect correlation between the changes in market value of the securities held by the Fund and the prices of futures contracts. There may not be a liquid secondary market for the futures contracts.

 

Initial Public Offering Risk

The Fund may purchase securities of companies in initial public offerings (“IPOs”). Special risks associated with these securities may include illiquidity, unseasoned trading, lack of investor knowledge of the company, limited operating history and substantial price volatility. The limited number of shares available for trading in some IPOs may make it more difficult for the Fund to buy or sell significant amounts of shares without an unfavorable impact on prevailing market prices. Some companies whose shares are sold through IPOs are involved in relatively new industries or lines of business, which may not be widely understood by investors. Some of these companies may be undercapitalized or regarded as developmental stage companies without revenues or operating income, or the near-term prospects of achieving them.

 

Large Capitalization Company Risk

Investments in large capitalization companies may go in and out of favor based on market and economic conditions and may underperform other market segments. Some large capitalization companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges and attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion. As such, returns on investments in stocks of large capitalization companies could trail the returns on investments in stocks of small- and mid-capitalization companies.

 

Leverage Risk

The Fund, either directly or through an underlying investment, may incur leverage through, borrowing for other than temporary or emergency purposes, investments in certain derivatives, short sales and futures contracts and forward currency contracts and engaging in forward commitment transactions.

 

The Fund may also be exposed to leverage if it invests in leveraged ETFs that seek to provide returns that are a multiple of a stated benchmark, typically using a combination of derivatives strategies. Like other forms of leverage, leveraged ETFs increase risk exposure relative to the amount invested and can lead to significantly greater losses than a comparable unleveraged portfolio. Because leveraged ETFs typically seek to obtain their objective on a daily basis, holding leveraged ETFs for longer than a day may produce unexpected results particularly when the benchmark index experiences large ups and downs. The investment strategies used by an underlying investment may also cause the Fund to incur leverage through, for example, borrowing for other than temporary or emergency purposes, investments in certain derivatives, short sales and futures contracts and forward currency contracts and engaging in forward commitment transactions.

 

Liquidity Risk

When there is no willing buyer and investments cannot be readily sold at the desired time or price, the Fund may need to accept a lower price or may not be able to sell the security at all. An inability to sell securities can adversely affect the Fund’s value or prevent the fund from being able to take advantage of other investment opportunities. Recent instability in certain credit and fixed income markets has adversely affected and is expected to continue to affect the liquidity of certain classes of securities, including, in particular, certain types of asset-backed, mortgage-backed and real estate-related securities. Less liquid securities are more difficult to dispose of at their recorded values and are subject to increased spreads and volatility.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk

The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Mid-Capitalization Company Risk

The Fund’s investments in mid-capitalization companies may entail greater risks and its securities’ prices may fluctuate more and have a higher degree of volatility than those of larger, more established companies. Securities of mid-capitalization companies may be traded in lower volume and be less liquid. At certain times, the general market may not favor the mid-sized companies in which the Fund invests and as a result the Fund could underperform the general market. Mid-sized companies may have more limited product lines, markets and financial resources that make them more susceptible to economic

 

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and market setbacks. The smaller the company, the greater effect these risks may have on the company’s operations and performance which could have a significant impact on the price of the security.

 

Mortgage-Related Securities Risk

Mortgage-related (and other asset-backed) securities represent interest in pools of mortgages (or other assets). Mortgage-Related Securities can have a fixed or adjustable interest rate. The Fund may also invest in debt securities that are issued by U.S. Government sponsored entities such as the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Association, and the Federal Home Loan Banks. Investments in these securities involve credit risk as they are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. The Fund may invest in collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) or collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”). CMOs and CDOs are each divided into classes, which are referred to as “tranches.” Certain such tranches have priority over other tranches. With respect to CMOs, each tranche’s priority is generally with respect to payment of principal. With respect to CDOs, each tranche’s priority is generally with respect to the payment of cash flows to investors, and no payment of principal will be made on any tranche until all other tranches with earlier stated maturity or distribution dates have been paid in full. The CDO investor’s interest in the cash flows of the investment, rather than in its underlying assets, differentiates the CDO from a CMO. The value of such securities may be affected by changes in interest rates, factors concerning the interests in and structure of the issuer or originator of the underlying assets, the creditworthiness of entities that provide supporting letters of credit or other credit enhancements and the market’s assessment of the underlying assets. Mortgage-Related Securities are subject to prepayment risk, which is the risk that issuers of such securities will prepay their debt when interest rates fall and cause the Fund to have to invest its assets in lower yielding investments. The risk of prepayment is difficult to predict and may result in volatility in the Fund.

 

Multiple Investment Sub-Adviser Risk

The Sub-Advisers make their trading decisions independently, and, as a result, it is possible that one or more Sub-Advisers may take positions in the same security or purchase/sell the same security at the same time without aggregating their transactions. This may cause unnecessary brokerage and other expenses to the Fund. Each Sub-Adviser uses a particular style or set of styles to select investments for the Fund. Those styles may be out of favor or may not produce the best results over the investment time periods. Each Sub-Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Non-Diversified Risk

An underlying investment (such as another fund) that is non-diversified may invest a larger percentage of its assets in a given security than a diversified fund. As a result, it may be more susceptible to a single adverse economic, political or regulatory occurrence affecting one or more issuers in which a large percentage of its assets is invested and may experience increased volatility due to its investments in those securities.

 

Options Risk

The Fund’s investment in options may have additional risks. The success of the Fund’s investment in options depends upon many factors, such as the price of the options which is a function of interest rates, volatility, dividends, the exercise price, stock price and other market factors. These factors may change rapidly over time. There may also be an imperfect correlation between the prices of options and movements in the price of the securities (or indices) hedged or used for cover which may cause a given hedge not to achieve its objective. In addition, each over-the-counter (“OTC”) option exposes the Fund to counterparty risk, and the Adviser may determine to concentrate any or all of its OTC option transaction with a single counterparty or a small group of counterparties. If a counterparty defaults, the Fund’s only recourse will be to pursue contractual remedies against the counterparty, and the Fund may be unsuccessful in its pursuit. The Fund thus assumes the risk that it may be delayed in or prevented from obtaining payments owed to it pursuant to an OTC options transaction.

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk

Frequent trading of securities by the Fund or an underlying investment may result in a higher than average level of capital gains, including short-term gains, and will result in greater transaction costs to the Fund. Higher portfolio turnover may increase the level of short-term capital gains. To the extent distributions to shareholders are made from net-short-term capital gains of the Fund (i.e., net capital gain on securities held or treated as held by the Fund for one year or less minus any net capital losses on securities held or treated as held by the Fund for more than one year), the distributions will be taxed at ordinary income rates for federal income tax purposes, rather than at lower long-term capital gains rates. Greater transaction costs and higher expenses as a result of portfolio turnover can negatively impact the Fund’s performance.

 

Preferred Stock Risk

If interest rates rise, the dividend on preferred stock may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stock to decline. Preferred stock may have mandatory sinking fund provisions, as well as provisions for their call or redemption prior to maturity which can have a negative effect on their prices when interest rates decline. Preferred stocks are equity securities because they do not constitute a liability of the issuer and therefore do not offer the same degree of protection of capital or continuation of income as debt securities. The rights of

 

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Highland Resolute Fund

 

 

preferred stock on distribution of a corporation’s assets in the event of its liquidation are generally subordinated to the rights associated with a corporation’s debt securities. Preferred stock may also be subject to credit risk.

 

Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Transactions Risk

The Fund may enter into repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions agreements. The risks associated with these types of transactions arise if the other party to the agreement defaults or goes bankrupt and the Fund experiences losses or delays in recovering their investments. In a repurchase transaction, the Fund could incur a loss if the value of the securities sold has increased in value relative to the value of the cash or collateral held by the Fund. In the case of a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund could incur a loss if the value of the securities purchased by the Fund has decreased in value relative to the value of the collateral held by the Fund. Reverse repurchase agreements may be considered borrowing for some purposes.

 

Restricted Securities Risk

Rule 144A securities, which are restricted securities, may be less liquid investments than registered securities because Rule 144A securities may not be readily marketable in broad public markets. A Rule 144A restricted security carries the risk that the Fund may not be able to sell the security when the portfolio manager considers it desirable to do so and/or may have to sell the security at a lower price. In addition, transaction costs may be higher for Rule 144A securities than for more liquid securities. Although there is a substantial institutional market for Rule 144A securities, it is not possible to predict exactly how the market for Rule144A securities will develop. A restricted security that when purchased was liquid in the institutional markets may subsequently become illiquid.

 

Risk of Underlying Pools

Underlying Pools are subject to management, transactional and other expenses, which will be indirectly paid by the Fund as an investor party to a swap contract on an Underlying Pool. A total return swap on an Underlying Pool is not a direct investment in the Underlying Pool, and the cost of investing in the Fund may be higher than the cost of investing directly in an Underlying Pool and may be higher than other mutual funds that invest directly in stocks and bonds. The Underlying Pools will pay management fees, brokerage commissions, and operating expenses to one or more advisors engaged to trade alternative and/or hedging strategies on behalf of the Underlying Pools (each an “Underlying Pool Manager”), which will affect the returns to which the Fund seeks access via the total return swap. There is no guarantee that any of the trading strategies used by the Underlying Pool Managers retained by the Underlying Pools will be profitable or avoid losses.

 

Short Sales Risk

The Fund may sell securities short. Short sales involve the risk that the Fund will incur a loss by subsequently buying a security at a higher price than the price at which the fund previously sold the security short. Any loss will be increased by the amount of compensation, dividends or interest the fund must pay to the lender of the security. Because a loss incurred by the Fund on a short sale results from increases in the value of the security, losses on a short sale are theoretically unlimited. In addition, the Fund may not be able to close out a short position at a particular time or at an acceptable price. A lender may request that borrowed securities be returned on short notice, and the fund may have to buy the securities sold short at an unfavorable price. If this occurs at a time when other short sellers of the same security want to close out their positions, it is more likely that the Fund would have to close out its short position at an unfavorable price. If the Fund take both long and short positions, there is a risk that the value of securities held long might decrease and the value of securities sold short might increase in response to activities of an individual company or general market conditions. In this case, the Fund’s potential losses could exceed those of mutual funds that hold only long positions.

 

Small Capitalization Company Risk

Small-cap companies may have less liquid stock, a more volatile share price, unproven track records, a limited product or service base, and limited access to capital. The above factors could make small-cap companies more likely to fail than larger companies, and increase the volatility of the Fund’s portfolio. Small-cap companies may not have the management experience, financial resources, and competitive strengths of large- or mid-cap companies. At certain times, the general market may not favor the smaller, growth-oriented companies in which the Fund invests and as a result the Fund could underperform the general market. Additionally, information about these companies may not be readily available. The smaller the company, the greater effect these risks may have on the company’s operations and performance which could have a significant impact on the price of the security.

 

Subsidiary Risk

By investing in the Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of the Subsidiary will be achieved. In addition, the Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act, and, unless otherwise noted in this Prospectus, is not subject to all of the investor protections of the 1940 Act. In addition, changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as described in this Prospectus and the statement of additional information and could adversely affect the Fund.

 

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Swap Contracts Risk

The Fund may, directly or indirectly through the Subsidiary, engage in interest rate, currency, equity swaps and credit default swaps (“CDSs”), and related instruments, which require the Adviser or a Sub-Adviser to forecast, among other things, interest rate movements, currency fluctuations, market values and the likelihood of credit event for a securities issuer. Such forecasting is inherently difficult and entails investment risk. The use of swaps involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. There is no guarantee that the Fund or the Subsidiary will be able to eliminate its exposure under an outstanding swap by entering into an offsetting swap, and a swap may not be assignable without the consent of the counterparty to it. In addition, each swap exposes the Fund and/or Subsidiary to the risk that a counterparty may become bankrupt or otherwise fail to perform its obligations due to financial difficulties. As a result, the Fund or Subsidiary may experience delays in or be prevented from obtaining payments owed to it pursuant to a swap contract. Total return swaps are also subject to the particular risk that the swaps could result in losses if the underlying asset or reference, such as an Underlying Pool, does not perform as anticipated. Although total return swaps on Underlying Pools may seek to approximate the economic results of investments in pooled vehicles, they may be subject to particular liquidity risks. In addition, to the extent the Fund seeks exposure to the returns of an Underlying Pool through a total return swap, the use of such swaps is also subject to risks associated with the Adviser’s assessment of an Underlying Pool manager’s ability to execute hedging or alternative strategies and deliver returns.

 

Tax Risk

The Fund intends to treat its income from direct investment in certain derivative instruments and the Subsidiary as qualifying income for purposes of Subchapter M of the Code. The tax treatment of income from derivative investments and from the Subsidiary is not certain and may be adversely affected by changes in legislation, regulations or other legally binding authority. If the income of the Fund from certain derivative investments or from the Subsidiary were treated as non-qualifying income for a regulated investment company (“RIC”), the Fund might not qualify as a RIC. The Fund must remain a RIC to avoid federal income tax at the Fund level.

 

What are the Non-Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund?

 

Cybersecurity Risk

In connection with the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, the Fund may be susceptible to operational, information security and related risks due to the possibility of cyber-attacks or other incidents. Cyber incidents may result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, infection by computer viruses or other malicious software code, gaining unauthorized access to systems, networks or devices that are used to service the Fund’s operations through hacking or other means for the purpose of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks (which can make a website unavailable) on the Funds’ website. In addition, authorized persons could inadvertently or intentionally release confidential or proprietary information stored on the Fund’s systems.

 

Cybersecurity failures or breaches by the Fund’s third-party service providers (including, but not limited to, the adviser, the sub-advisers, distributor, custodian, transfer agent and financial intermediaries) may cause disruptions and impact the service providers’ and the Fund’s business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business and the mutual funds to process transactions, inability to calculate the Fund’s net asset value, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs and/or additional compliance costs. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of successful cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, the Fund or its third-party service providers.

 

The Fund may incur substantial costs to prevent or address cyber incidents in the future. In addition, there is a possibility that certain risks have not been adequately identified or prepared for. Furthermore, the Fund cannot directly control any cyber security plans and systems put in place by third party service providers. Cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund’s investment in such securities to lose value.

 

Manager of Managers Structure Risk

There is a risk that the Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers.

 

The shares offered by this Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

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Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

 

The Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio securities are described in the Fund’s SAI.

 

Management

 

Highland Associates, Inc. (the “Adviser”), subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees, is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Fund’s business affairs. The Adviser commenced business operations in 1987 and is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser. The Adviser’s principal address is 2545 Highland Avenue South, Suite 200, Birmingham, AL 35205.

 

On June 7, 2019, the Adviser entered into an agreement (the “Agreement”) pursuant to which Regions Bank (“Regions”) acquired the Adviser (the “Transaction”). According to the Adviser, the objectives of the purchase include the continuation of a transition process from the Adviser’s founders, access to additional growth capital for the Adviser, and additional resources to accelerate leadership’s strategic plans, etc.

 

The Transaction was completed on August 1, 2019 (the “Closing Date”). Effective as of the Closing Date, the Fund’s investment advisory agreement with the Adviser and the investment sub-advisory agreements between the Adviser, the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and each of: (a) Incline Global Management, LLC (“Incline”); (b) Chatham Asset Management, LLC (“Chatham”); and (c) Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC (“Parametric”) terminated.

 

Effective as of the Closing Date, the Adviser continues to serve as investment adviser to the Fund pursuant to an interim investment advisory agreement (the “Interim Agreement”), under terms that are the same in all material respects to the previous investment advisory agreement, except for the addition of terms concerning the escrow of the Adviser’s management fees during the period in which the Interim Agreement is in effect and a 150-day term. The Interim Agreement will remain in effect until the earlier of: (i) the expiration of the 150-day term and (ii) the date upon which the shareholders of the Fund approve a new investment advisory agreement between the Fund and the Adviser. Pursuant to an exemptive order from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, new investment sub-advisory agreements between Chatham, Incline and Parametric became effective as of the Closing Date.

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, as amended (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Fund pays the Adviser an annual management fee of 1.50% based on the Fund’s average daily net assets during the month, less any amounts payable for advisory services, over the same corresponding period, to the Adviser by that certain offshore subsidiary of the Fund. The Adviser has contractually agreed, with respect to the Fund’s Class I shares, to waive (i) the portion of its 1.50% investment advisory fee in excess of any Sub-Advisory Fees less (ii) third-party administrative costs charged to the Adviser in connection with non-recurring addition of a new investment sub-advisor for the Fund or removal of an existing investment sub-adviser to the Fund. This agreement will be in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will not be permitted to discontinue this agreement to waive fees without the approval by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

The management fee is paid on a monthly basis. The current term of the Advisory Agreement is one year. The Board may extend the Advisory Agreement for additional one-year terms. The Board, the shareholders of the Fund by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, or the Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ notice. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the renewal of the Fund’s Advisory Agreement is available in the Fund’s annual report to shareholders for the period ended April 30, 2019. On December 5, 2012, the Adviser and Financial Investors Trust (the “Trust”), of which the Fund is a series, were granted an exemptive order from the SEC that allows the Adviser to allocate and reallocate the assets of the Fund among any sub-advisers so selected pursuant to a “manager of managers” structure. The Adviser has the responsibility, subject to the oversight of the Trust’s Board, to continuously supervise each sub-adviser, monitor its adherence to the Fund’s investment strategies and evaluate its performance results. The Adviser also has the authority under this structure to retain and terminate sub-advisers, engage new sub-advisers and make material revisions to the terms of the sub-advisory agreements subject to the approval of the Trust’s Board of Trustees, but not shareholder approval. For services rendered under the sub-advisory agreements, each sub-adviser will receive a fee directly from the Adviser out of the fees that the Adviser receives from the Fund. The Fund will be required to notify shareholders within 90 days after a sub-adviser begins providing its services.

 

The Subsidiary has entered into a separate advisory agreement with the Adviser (the “Subsidiary Advisory Agreement”) for the management of the Subsidiary’s portfolio pursuant to which the Subsidiary is obligated to pay the Adviser a management fee at the same rate that the Fund pays the Adviser for services provided to the Fund. This waiver may not be terminated without the consent of the Board of the Fund.

 

Currently, the Fund has agreements with three Sub-Advisers. The Adviser and the Trust have entered into sub-advisory agreements with respect to the Fund with the following Sub-Advisers, one or more of which may be selected from time to time by the Adviser, to manage a portion of the Fund’s assets.

 

Incline Global, 40 West 57th Street, Suite 1430, New York, New York 10019. Incline Global was founded in April 2012 by Jeff Lignelli and is registered with the SEC as an investment

 

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adviser. Incline Global employs a global long/short equity strategy focused primarily on identifying investments that fit proprietary frameworks followed by highly detailed company-specific research.

 

Chatham, 26 Main Street, Suite 204 Chatham, New Jersey 07928, is an independent investment advisor formed in 2003 and is majority owned by Anthony Melchiorre.

 

Parametric, Minneapolis Office, 3600 Minnesota Drive, Suite 325, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55435. Parametric offers systematic alpha strategies that seek to outperform designated benchmarks on a risk-adjusted basis by applying systematic, rules-based asset class exposure. The firm’s customized exposure management solutions use individual securities, exchange-traded funds, futures, options and other derivative instruments to construct and manage portfolios to assist clients in meeting their market exposure, risk management, tax management and return objectives. As of December 31, 2018, Parametric had total firm assets under management of approximately $226.7 billion.

 

The Sub-Advisers will be engaged to manage the investments of the Fund according to the Fund’s investment objective, policies and limitations and any investment guidelines established by the Adviser and the Board of Trustees. The Adviser will pay the Sub-Advisers out of the advisory fee paid to the Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement. The Fund is not responsible for the payment of the Sub-Advisory fee. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s renewal of the Sub-Advisory Agreement with Incline and Chatham is available in the Fund’s annual report for the period ended April 30, 2019. A discussion regarding the basis of the Board’s approval of the Sub-Advisory Agreement with Parametric, which is available in the Fund’s annual report for the period ended April 30, 2019.

 

On October 16, 2012, the Adviser and the Trust were granted an exemptive order from the SEC that allows the Fund to invest in both affiliated and unaffiliated investment companies in excess of the limits provided in Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, subject to the terms and conditions of such order.

 

When this exemptive order and the exemptive order relating to the “manager of managers” structure are both relied upon, the Adviser will be responsible for determining the allocation of the Fund’s assets among the various underlying funds and sub-advisers, subject to the supervision of the Trust’s Board of Trustees.

 

During the most recent fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, the Fund paid the following annual advisory fee as a percentage of daily net assets (net of waivers) to the Fund’s investment adviser. Daily investment decisions are made by the portfolio managers, whose investment experience is described below under the heading “Portfolio Managers.”

 

Fund Name

Total Annual
Advisory
Fee (as a
percentage
of daily net
assets)

Annual
advisory fee
to investment
adviser (as a
percentage
of daily net
assets)

Annual
advisory
fee to sub-
adviser (as a
percentage
of daily net
assets)

Highland Resolute Fund

1.50%

0.35%

0.34%

 

Portfolio Managers

 

The following individuals are jointly responsible, on behalf of the Adviser, for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio and for the oversight of the Sub-Advisers’ activities. Each of the persons listed below has served as the Fund’s portfolio manager on behalf of the Adviser since the Fund’s inception in December 2011.

 

PORTFOLIO
MANAGERS

PAST 5 YEARS’ BUSINESS EXPERIENCE

R. Scott Graham, CFA

Lead Portfolio Manager of the Fund. Mr. Graham joined the Adviser in September 2006 as a consultant to the firm’s institutional client base and has been a shareholder in the Adviser since September 2008. Mr. Graham became a Principal of the Adviser in September 2014 and Chief Investment Officer in November 2014. Mr. Graham is a voting member of the Adviser’s investment oversight committee which oversees the entire asset allocation and manager selection process for the firm. Prior to joining the Adviser, Mr. Graham was a senior financial analyst with Vulcan Materials Company where he managed the internal portfolio for the company

Michael T. Lytle, CFA

Assistant Portfolio Manager of the Fund. Mr. Lytle joined the Adviser in October 2006 as a consultant to the firm’s institutional client base and has been a shareholder in the Adviser since September 2008. Mr. Lytle became a Principal of the Adviser in September 2014. Mr. Lytle is a voting member of the Adviser’s investment oversight committee which oversees the entire asset allocation and manager selection process for the firm. Prior to joining the Adviser, Mr. Lytle was a fixed income portfolio manager with AmSouth Asset Management where he managed a number of institutional fixed income portfolios as well as developed and managed the company’s model portfolio program.

 

CFA® and Chartered Financial Analyst® are trademarks owned by CFA Institute.

 

While Mr. Graham and Mr. Lytle will have the day-to-day responsibility of managing the fund, the Adviser’s entire investment process is overseen by the firm’s Investment Oversight Committee (“IOC”). The IOC includes all of the investment professionals of the firm and the seven voting members average 20 years of investment experience and are all shareholders in the firm.

 

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INCLINE GLOBAL

 

Each of the persons listed below is responsible for the day-to-day management of the particular portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to Incline Global, subject to the oversight of the Adviser, and has served as a portfolio manager of the Fund on behalf of Incline Global since August 2016.

 

PORTFOLIO
MANAGERS

PAST 5 YEARS’ BUSINESS EXPERIENCE

Jeff Lignelli

Mr. Lignelli founded Incline Global in April 2012 as the firm’s Chief Executive Officer and Portfolio Manager. Prior to 2012, Mr. Lignelli was a Senior Partner at Appaloosa Management L.P. and was the CEO and Portfolio Manager of Stonebrook Fund Management, a private fund adviser. Mr. Lignelli received his Bachelor of Science degree from the Wharton School of Business of the University of Pennsylvania.

 

CHATHAM

 

The person listed below is responsible for the day-to-day management of the particular portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to Chatham, subject to the oversight of the Adviser, and has served as a portfolio manager of the Fund on behalf of Chatham since January 2017.

 

PORTFOLIO
MANAGER

PAST 5 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE

Anthony R. Melchiorre

Senior Partner, Lead Portfolio Manager of the Fund. Mr. Melchiorre co-founded Chatham in April 2003 and became sole Managing Member of Chatham in January 2006. Prior to co-founding Chatham, Mr. Melchiorre was a Managing Director and Head of Global High Yield Trading at Morgan Stanley from 1998 to 2002. Anthony received his B.A. in economics from Northwestern University and an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago.

Kevin O’Malley

Partner, Co-Portfolio Manager of the Fund. Mr. O’Malley joined Chatham in January 2004. Prior to joining Chatham, Mr. O’Malley spent 12 years at Morgan Stanley where he served as a founding member of the leveraged loan trading and underwriting business. Kevin graduated from Boston College with a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance.

Evan Ratner

Partner, Co-Portfolio Manager of the Fund. Mr. Ratner joined Chatham in January 2009. Prior to joining Chatham, Mr. Ratner spent 18 years at DLJ/CS where he served in multiple roles, most recently as a managing director and head of distressed investment research. Evan holds both an M.B.A. and a Bachelor of Arts in economics from Columbia University,

 

PARAMETRIC

 

Each of the persons listed below are responsible for the day-to-day management of the particular portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to Parametric, subject to the oversight of the Adviser, and have served as portfolio managers of the Fund on behalf of Parametric since July 2019. Parametric uses a team approach to manage a portion of the Fund’s assets under the leadership of Tom Lee, CFA, Managing Director – Investment Strategy and Research.

 

PORTFOLIO
MANAGER

PAST 5 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE

Jay Strohmaier, CFA

Mr. Strohmaier has served as Managing Director at Parametric for more than five years.

Perry Li, CFA, FRM

Mr. Li has worked at Parametric in various investment capacities since 2014 and began serving as portfolio manager in 2018.

Michael Zaslavsky, CFA

Mr. Zaslavsky has worked at Parametric in various investment capacities since 2015 and began serving as portfolio manager in 2018. Prior to joining Parametric, Mr. Zaslavsky worked for Citigroup as a proprietary trader from 2009 to 2015, specializing in volatility modeling and arbitrage across equity indexes, single stocks and commodities.

 

More information about each manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by each manager and each manager’s ownership of securities in the Fund is included in the SAI.

 

Administrator, Distributor and Transfer Agent of the Fund

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”) serves as the Fund’s administrator, fund accounting agent and transfer agent. ALPS Distributors, Inc., an affiliate of the Transfer Agent (“ADI” or the “Distributor”) serves as the Fund’s distributor.

 

Buying and Redeeming Shares

 

Classes of Shares

 

The Fund currently offers Class I shares.

 

Sales of shares of the Fund are limited to existing or new investment advisory clients of the Adviser. Further, Class I shares are offered only through certain types of financial intermediaries and to certain institutional investors. Class I shares are offered through financial intermediaries (including, but not limited to, broker-dealers, retirement plans, bank trust departments, and financial advisers) who do not require payment from the Fund or its service providers for the provision of distribution, administrative or shareholder retention services, except for networking and/or omnibus account fees. Institutional

 

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investors may include, but are not limited to, corporations, retirement plans, public plans and foundations/endowments. Class I shares are not offered directly to individual investors.

 

Shareholder Services Plan

 

The Fund has adopted a shareholder services plan (“Services Plan”) for its Class I shares. Under the Services Plan, the Fund is authorized to pay select financial intermediaries and/or Fund affiliates who have entered into a written agreement with the Fund to perform certain ongoing non-distribution-related shareholder services provided to shareholders in Class I shares of the Fund (“Participating Organizations”).

 

The aggregate fees on an annual basis for the Class I shares of the Fund are not to exceed 0.10% of the average daily net asset value of the Class I shares held in the name of a Participating Organization. The Service Plan fees are compensation for providing some or all of the following ongoing shareholder related services: (i) establishing and maintaining Fund shareholder accounts, (ii) aggregating, processing and transmitting Fund shareholder orders and instructions regarding accounts, (iii) processing dividend and other distribution payments from each Fund on behalf of shareholders, (iv) preparing reports or forms on behalf of shareholders, (v) forwarding communications from each Fund to shareholders, and (vi) providing other similar services as applicable statutes, rules or regulations permit. None of the aforementioned services includes distribution-related services or activities. Any amount of such payment not paid during a Fund’s fiscal year for such service activities shall be reimbursed to the Fund’s applicable share class.

 

Because these Services Plan fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, over time, it will increase the cost of an investment in the Fund. Service Plan Fees incurred are included under “Other Expenses” in the Fund’s Fees and Expenses tables in this Prospectus.

 

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

 

The Adviser, Sub-Advisers and/or its affiliates may enter into arrangements to make payments for additional activities to select financial intermediaries intended to result in the sale of Fund shares and/or other shareholder servicing activities out of the Adviser’s or Sub-Advisers’ own resources (which may include profits from providing advisory services to the Fund). These payments are often referred to as “revenue sharing payments” and the revenue sharing payment amounts generally vary by financial intermediary. The aggregate amount of the revenue sharing payments are determined by the Adviser or Sub-Advisers and may be substantial. Revenue sharing payments create no additional cost to the Fund or its applicable shareholders.

 

Revenue sharing payments may create an incentive for a financial intermediary or its employees or associated persons to recommend or sell shares of the Fund to you, rather than shares of another mutual fund. Please contact your financial intermediary’s investment professional for details about revenue sharing payments it may be receiving.

 

Networking, Sub-Accounting and Administrative Fees

 

Select financial intermediaries may enter into arrangements with the Fund, or its designees, to perform certain networking, recordkeeping, sub-accounting and/or administrative services for shareholders of the Fund. These activities are routinely processed through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s Fund/SERV and Trust Networking systems or similar systems. In consideration for providing these services in an automated environment, such financial intermediaries may receive compensation from the Fund. Any such compensation by the Fund to these select financial intermediaries for the aforementioned services are in addition to any distribution related services, if any, provided to the Fund shareholders.

 

Investment Minimums

 

The Fund offers investors one class of shares: Class I shares. The minimum investment in Class I shares is $1,000,000. Investors generally may meet the minimum investment amount by aggregating multiple accounts within the Fund. There is no subsequent investment minimum.

 

The Fund reserves the right to waive or change investment minimums. For accounts sold through financial intermediaries, it is the primary responsibility of the financial intermediary to ensure compliance with investment minimums.

 

Buying Shares

 

In order to buy or redeem shares at that day’s price, you must place your order with the Fund or its agent before the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) closes (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time). If the NYSE closes early, you must place your order prior to the actual closing time. Orders received by financial intermediaries prior to the close of trading on the NYSE will be confirmed at the offering price computed as of the close of the trading on the NYSE. It is the responsibility of the financial intermediary to ensure that all orders are transmitted in a timely manner to the Fund. Otherwise, you will receive the next business day’s price.

 

Investors may not purchase or redeem shares of the Fund directly. Shares may be purchased or redeemed only through retirement plans, broker-dealers, bank trust departments, financial advisers or other financial intermediaries. Shares made available through full service broker-dealers may be available through wrap accounts under which such broker-dealers impose additional fees for services connected to the

 

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wrap account. Contact your financial intermediary or refer to your plan documents for instructions on how to purchase or redeem shares.

 

Investors may be charged a fee if they effect transactions through broker or agent. The Fund has authorized one or more brokers to receive on its behalf purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on the Fund’s behalf. The Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s authorized designee, receives the order. Customer orders will be priced at the Fund’s Net Asset Value next computed after they are received by an authorized broker or the broker’s authorized designee. The Fund calculates the Net Asset Value (“NAV”) per share for the Fund at the end of each business day. You may obtain the current NAV of Fund shares at no cost by calling (855) 268-2242.

 

The Fund will generally accept purchases only in U.S. dollars drawn from U.S. financial institutions. Cashier’s checks, third party checks, money orders, credit card convenience checks, cash or equivalents or payments in foreign currencies are not acceptable forms of payment. You may also contact the Funds to request a purchase of Fund shares using securities you own. The Funds reserve the right to refuse or accept such requests in whole or in part.

 

With certain limited exceptions, the Fund is available only to U.S. citizens or residents.

 

Redeeming Shares

 

The Fund will redeem all full and fractional shares of the Fund upon request on any business day at the applicable net asset value determined after the receipt of proper redemption instructions, less any applicable redemption fees. Shareholders liquidating their holdings will receive upon redemption all dividends reinvested through the date of redemption. If notice of redemption is received on any business day, the redemption will be effective on the date of receipt. Payment will ordinarily be made on the next business day, but, in any case, within no more than seven business days from the date of receipt. If the notice is received on a day that is not a business day or after the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE, the redemption notice will be deemed received as of the next business day. The value of shares at the time of redemption may be more or less than the shareholder’s cost.

 

It is anticipated that a Fund will meet redemption requests through the sale of portfolio assets or from its holdings in cash or cash equivalents. A Fund may use the proceeds from the sale of portfolio assets to meet redemption requests if consistent with the management of the Fund. These redemption methods will be used regularly and may also be used in stressed or abnormal market conditions, including circumstances adversely affecting the liquidity of a Fund’s investments, in which case a Fund may be more likely to be forced to sell its holdings to meet redemptions than under normal market conditions. Each Fund reserves the right to redeem in kind. Redemptions in kind typically are used to meet redemption requests that represent a large percentage of a Fund’s net assets in order to limit the impact of a large redemption on the Fund and its remaining shareholders. Redemptions in kind may be used in normal as well as in stressed market conditions. A Fund may also borrow, or draw on lines of credit that may be available to the Fund individually or to the Trust, in order to meet redemption requests during stressed market conditions. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund is limited as to the amount that it may borrow and accordingly, borrowings (including those made under a line of credit) might be insufficient to meet redemption requests.

 

Redemptions, like purchases, may generally be effected only through retirement plans, broker-dealers and financial intermediaries. Please contact your financial intermediary or refer to the appropriate plan documents for details. Your financial intermediary may charge a processing or service fee in connection with the redemption of shares.

 

Redemption Payments

 

In all cases, your redemption price is the net asset value per share next determined after your request is received in good order. Redemption proceeds normally will be sent within seven days. However, if you recently purchased your shares by check, your redemption proceeds will not be sent to you until your original check clears, which may take up to 10 days. Your redemption proceeds can be sent by check to your address of record or by wire transfer to a bank account designated on your application. Your bank may charge you a fee for wire transfers. Any request that your redemption proceeds be sent to a destination other than your bank account or address of record must be in writing and must include a signature guarantee.

 

The Fund is not responsible for losses or fees resulting from posting delays or non-receipt of redemption payments at your bank when shareholder payment instructions are followed.

 

Redemptions In-Kind

 

The Fund reserves the right to make payment in securities rather than cash. If the Fund deems it advisable for the benefit of all shareholders that a redemption payment wholly or partly in-kind would be in the best interests of the Fund’s remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay redemption proceeds to you in whole or in part with securities held by the Fund. A redemption in-kind could occur under extraordinary circumstances, such as a very large redemption that could affect the Fund’s operations (for example, more than 1% of the Fund’s net assets). However, the Fund is required to redeem shares solely for cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the NAV of the Fund during any 90-calendar day period for any one shareholder. Should

 

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redemptions by any shareholder exceed such limitation, the Fund will have the option of redeeming the excess in cash or in-kind. Securities used to redeem Fund shares will be valued as described in “How Fund Shares are Priced” below. A shareholder may pay brokerage charges on the sale of any securities received as a result of a redemption in-kind.

 

Redemption Fees

 

If you sell your shares of the Fund after holding them 90 calendar days or less, a 2% short-term redemption fee may be deducted from the redemption amount. For this purpose, shares held longest will be treated as being redeemed first and shares held shortest as being redeemed last. The fees are paid to the Fund and are designed to help offset the brokerage commissions, market impact and other costs associated with short-term shareholder trading.

 

The short-term redemption fee does not apply to: (i) redemptions of shares acquired by reinvesting dividends and distributions; (ii) rollovers, transfers and changes of account registration within the Fund as long as the money never leaves the Fund; and (iii) redemptions in-kind.

 

The Fund also permits waivers of the short-term redemption fee for the following transactions:

 

Redemptions due to small balance maintenance fees;

 

Redemptions related to death or due to a divorce decree;

 

Certain types of IRA account transactions, including: redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, required minimum distributions, withdrawals due to disability or death, return of excess contribution amounts and redemptions related to payment of custodian fees; and

 

Certain types of employer-sponsored and 403(b) retirement plan transactions, including: loans or hardship withdrawals, minimum required distributions, redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, forfeiture of assets, return of excess contribution amounts, redemptions related to payment of plan fees and redemptions related to death, disability or qualified domestic relations order.

 

The application of short-term redemption fees and waivers may vary among intermediaries and certain intermediaries may not apply the waivers listed above. If you purchase or sell Fund shares through an intermediary, you should contact your intermediary for more information on whether the short-term redemption fee will be applied to redemptions of your shares.

 

The Fund reserves the right to modify or eliminate the short-term redemption fee or waivers at any time. Investment advisers or their affiliates may pay short-term redemption fees on behalf of investors in managed accounts. Unitized group accounts consisting of qualified plan assets may be treated as a single account for redemption fee purposes.

 

Note: The Fund has the right to suspend or postpone redemptions of shares for any period (i) during which the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (ii) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; or (iii) during which (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or as otherwise permitted by the SEC.

 

Share Transactions

 

There is an annual pass through IRA and Coverdell Education Savings Account maintenance fee of $10.00 for accounts held directly with the Fund that is charged by the IRA custodian on a per-account basis.

 

Small Account Balances/Mandatory Redemptions

 

The Fund does not currently impose an account minimum. The Fund may adopt other policies from time to time requiring mandatory redemption of shares in certain circumstances, such as to comply with new regulatory requirements.

 

Share Certificates

 

The Fund does not issue share certificates.

 

Verification of Shareholder Transaction Statements

 

You must contact the Fund in writing regarding any errors or discrepancies within 60 days after the date of the statement confirming a transaction. The Fund may deny your ability to refute a transaction if it does not hear from you within 60 days after the confirmation statement date.

 

Non-receipt of Purchase Wire/Insufficient Funds Policy

 

The Fund reserves the right to cancel a purchase if payment if the check or electronic funds transfer does not clear your bank, or if a wire is not received by settlement date. A Fund may charge a fee for insufficient funds and you may be responsible for any fees imposed by your bank and any losses that the Fund may incur as a result of the canceled purchase.

 

Frequent Purchases and Sales of Fund Shares

 

The Fund does not permit market timing or other abusive trading practices. The Fund reserves the right, but does not have the obligation, to reject any purchase transaction at any time. In addition, the Fund reserves the right to suspend its offering of shares or to impose restrictions on purchases at any time that are more restrictive than those that are otherwise stated in this Prospectus with respect to disruptive, excessive or short-term trading.

 

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If you sell your shares of the Fund after holding them 90 calendar days or less, a 2% short-term redemption fee may be deducted from the redemption amount. For this purpose, shares held longest will be treated as being redeemed first and shares held shortest as being redeemed last. The fees are paid to the Fund and are designed to help offset the brokerage commissions, market impact and other costs associated with short-term shareholder trading.

 

Excessive short-term trading or other abusive trading practices may disrupt portfolio management strategies, increase brokerage and administrative costs and hurt Fund performance. The Board has adopted policies and procedures designed to deter frequent purchases and redemptions and to seek to prevent market timing. To minimize harm to the Fund and its shareholders, the Fund reserves the right to reject, in its sole discretion, any purchase order from any investor it believes has a history of abusive trading or whose trading, in its judgment, has been or may be disruptive to the Fund. The Fund may also refuse purchase transactions from Fund intermediaries it believes may be facilitating or have facilitated abusive trading practices. In making this judgment, the Fund may consider trading done in multiple accounts under common ownership or control.

 

On a periodic basis, the Transfer Agent will review transaction history reports and will identify redemptions that are within a specific time period from a previous purchase in the same account(s) in the Fund, or in multiple accounts that are known to be under common control. Redemptions meeting the criteria will be investigated for possible inappropriate trading.

 

Certain accounts, in particular omnibus accounts, include multiple investors and such accounts typically provide the Fund with a net purchase or redemption request on any given day. In these cases, purchases and redemptions of Fund shares are netted against one another and the identity of individual purchasers and redeemers whose orders are aggregated may not be known by the Fund. Therefore, it becomes more difficult for the Fund to identify market timing or other abusive trading activities in these accounts, and the Fund may be unable to eliminate abusive traders in these accounts from the Fund. Further, identification of abusive traders may also be limited by operational systems and technical limitations. To the extent abusive or disruptive trading is identified, the Fund will encourage omnibus account intermediaries to address such trading activity in a manner consistent with how the Fund would address such activity directly, if it were able to do so.

 

Due to the complexity and subjectivity involved in identifying market timing and other abusive trading practices, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s efforts will identify all market timing or abusive trading activities. Therefore, investors should not assume that the Fund will be able to detect or prevent all practices that may disadvantage the Fund.

 

How Fund Shares are Priced

 

The Board has approved procedures to be used to value the Fund’s securities for the purposes of determining the Fund’s NAV. The valuation of the securities of the Fund is determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Board. The Board has delegated certain valuation functions for the Fund to the Administrator.

 

The Fund generally values its securities based on market prices determined at the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time) on each business day (Monday through Friday). The Fund will not value its securities on any day that the NYSE is closed, including the following observed holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The Fund’s currency valuations, if any, are done as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time). For equity securities that are traded on an exchange, the market price is usually the closing sale or official closing price on that exchange. In the case of securities not traded on an exchange, or if such closing prices are not otherwise available, the market price is typically determined by independent third party pricing vendors approved by the Fund’s Board using a variety of pricing techniques and methodologies. The market price for debt obligations (including short-term debt obligations that will mature in 60 days or less) is generally the price supplied by an independent third-party pricing service approved by the Fund’s Board, which may use a matrix, formula or other objective method that takes into consideration market indices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. In certain circumstances, bid and ask prices may be obtained from (i) a broker/dealer specified and deemed reliable by the Adviser, (ii) pink sheets, yellow sheets or the blue list, or (iii) a pricing agent that obtains quotations from broker/dealers or evaluates the value of the respective bid and ask prices. If vendors are unable to supply a price, or if the price supplied is deemed to be unreliable, the market price may be determined using quotations received from one or more brokers/dealers that make a market in the security.

 

Futures, options on futures, and swap contracts that are listed or traded on a national securities exchange, commodities exchange, contract market or over-the-counter markets and that are freely transferable will be valued at their closing settlement price on the exchange on which they are primarily traded or based upon the current settlement price for a like instrument acquired on the day on which the instrument is being valued. A settlement price may not be used if the market makes a limit move with respect to a particular commodity. Over-the-counter futures, options on futures, and swap contracts for which market quotations are readily available will be valued based on quotes received from third party pricing services or one or more dealers that make markets in such securities. If quotes are not available from a third party pricing service or one or

 

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more dealers, quotes shall be determined based on the fair value of such securities, as discussed below.

 

Options on securities and options on indices will be valued using the last quoted sale price as of the close of the securities or commodities exchange on which they are traded. Certain investments including options may trade in the over- the-counter market and generally will be valued based on quotes received from a third party pricing service or one or more dealers that make markets in such securities, or at fair value, as discussed below.

 

When such prices or quotations are not available, or when the Fund’s Adviser believes that they are unreliable, securities may be priced using fair value procedures approved by the Board. Because the Fund invests in securities that may be thinly traded or for which market quotations may not be readily available or may be unreliable (such as securities of small capitalization companies), the Fund may use fair valuation procedures more frequently than funds that invest primarily in securities that are more liquid (such as equity securities of large capitalization domestic issuers). The Fund may also use fair value procedures if the Adviser determines that a significant event has occurred between the time at which a market price is determined and the time at which the Fund’s net asset value is calculated. In particular, the value of non-U.S. securities may be materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which they are traded, but before the Fund prices its shares.

 

The Fund may determine the fair value of investments based on information provided by pricing services and other third-party vendors, which may recommend fair value prices or adjustments with reference to other securities, indices or assets. In considering whether fair value pricing is required and in determining fair values, the Fund may, among other things, consider significant events (which may be considered to include changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after the close of the relevant market and before the Fund values its securities. In addition, the Fund may utilize modeling tools provided by third-party vendors to determine fair values of non-U.S. securities. The Fund’s use of fair value pricing may help deter “stale price arbitrage.”

 

Valuing securities at fair value involves greater reliance on judgment than valuation of securities based on readily available market quotations. A fund that uses fair value to price securities may value those securities higher or lower than another fund using market quotations or its own fair value methodologies to price the same securities. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its net asset value.

 

The Fund invests, or may invest, in securities that are traded on foreign exchanges or markets, which may be open when the NYSE is closed. As a result, the value of your investment in the Fund may change on days when you are unable to purchase or redeem shares.

 

Customer Identification Program

 

To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires the Fund’s Transfer Agent to obtain certain personal information from you (or persons acting on your behalf) in order to verify your (or such person’s) identity when you open an account, including name, address, date of birth and other information (which may include certain documents) that will allow the Transfer Agent to verify your identity. If this information is not provided, the Transfer Agent may not be able to open your account. If the Transfer Agent is unable to verify your identity (or that of another person authorized to act on your behalf) shortly after your account is opened, or believes it has identified potentially criminal activity, the Fund, the Distributor and the Transfer Agent each reserve the right to reject further purchase orders from you or to take such other action as they deem reasonable or required by law, including closing your account and redeeming your shares at their NAV at the time of redemption.

 

Effective May 11, 2018, if you are opening an account in the name of a legal entity (e.g., a partnership, business trust, limited liability company, corporation, etc.), you may be required to supply the identity of the beneficial owner or controlling person(s) of the legal entity prior to the opening of your account. The Fund may request additional information about you (which may include certain documents, such as articles of incorporation for companies) to help the Transfer Agent verify your identity.

 

Dividends and Distributions

 

The Fund normally pays dividends, if any, on an annual basis. The Fund also normally distributes capital gains, if any, on an annual basis.

 

Income dividend distributions are derived from interest and other income the Fund receives from its investments and include distributions of short-term capital gains. Capital gain distributions are derived from gains realized when the Fund sells a security it has owned for more than a year.

 

The Fund may make additional distributions and dividends at other times if the Adviser believes doing so may be necessary for the Fund to avoid or reduce taxes. Distributions and dividends are reinvested in additional Fund shares unless you instruct the Transfer Agent to have your distributions and/or dividends paid by check mailed to the address of record or transferred through an Automated Clearing House to the bank of your choice. You can change your choice at any time to be effective as of the next distribution or dividend, except that any change given to the Transfer Agent less than five days before the payment date will not be effective until the next distribution or dividend is made. Distribution checks will only be issued for

 

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payments greater than $25.00. Distributions will automatically be reinvested in shares of the fund(s) generating the distribution if under $25.00. Un-cashed distribution checks will be canceled and proceeds reinvested at the then current net asset value, for any shareholder who chooses to receive distributions in cash, if distribution checks: (1) are returned and marked as “undeliverable” or (2) remain un-cashed for six months after the date of issuance. If distribution checks are canceled and reinvested, your account election may also be changed so that all future distributions are reinvested rather than paid in cash. Interest will not accrue on uncashed distribution checks.

 

Taxes

 

The discussion below only addresses the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Fund for U.S. persons and does not address any foreign, state, or local tax consequences. For purposes of this discussion, U.S. persons are:

 

(i)

U.S. citizens or residents;

 

(ii)

U.S. corporations;

 

(iii)

an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

(iv)

a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or certain electing trusts that were in existence on August 20, 1996, and were treated as domestic trusts on August 19, 1996.

 

This discussion does not address issues of significance to U.S. persons in special situations such as: (i) certain types of tax-exempt organizations, (ii) shareholders holding shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plan accounts or individual retirement accounts), (iii) shareholders holding investments through foreign institutions (financial and non-financial), (iv) financial institutions, (v) broker-dealers, (vi) entities not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, (vii) shareholders holding shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction, and (viii) shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax. If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. For further information regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Fund, investors should see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Taxation of the Fund.”

 

Non-U.S. persons that are considering the purchase of shares should consult with their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares in the Fund.

 

The Fund intends to meet all requirements under Subchapter M of the Code necessary to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) and thus does not expect to pay any U.S. federal income tax on income and capital gains distributed to shareholders. The Fund also intends to meet certain distribution requirements such that the Fund is not subject to U.S. federal income tax in general. If the Fund does not meet the distribution requirements, the Fund may be subject to significant excise taxes. This discussion is based on the assumption that the Fund will qualify under Subchapter M of the Code as a RIC and will satisfy these distribution requirements. There can be no guarantee that this assumption will be correct.

 

Taxation of Fund Distributions

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, shareholders of RICs are generally subject to taxation based on the underlying character of the income and gain recognized by the RIC and distributed to shareholders.

 

Distributions of net capital gains that are properly designated by the Fund as capital gain dividends (“capital gain dividends”) will be taxable to Fund shareholders as long-term capital gains. Generally, distributions of earnings derived from ordinary income and short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income. The Fund does not expect a significant portion of its distributions to derive from “qualified dividend income,” which will be taxed to non-corporate shareholders at favorable rates so long as certain requirements are met. Corporate shareholders may be able to take a dividends-received deduction for a portion of the dividends received by the Fund, to the extent such dividends are received by the Fund from a domestic corporation and to the extent a portion of interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund are treated as dividends subject, in each case, to certain holding period requirements and debt-financing limitations.

 

Some of the Fund’s investments, such as certain option transactions and certain futures transactions, may be “section 1256 contracts.” Section 1256 contracts are taxed annually on a “marked to market” basis as if sold for their fair market value at the end of the tax year. Gains and losses on section 1256 contracts are generally treated as 60% long-term capital and 40% short-term capital (with certain exceptions).

 

The Fund may also realize long-term capital gains when it sells or redeems a security that it has owned for more than one year and when it receives capital gain distributions from ETFs in which the Fund owns investments. The Fund may realize short-term capital gains from the sale of investments that the Fund

 

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owned for one year or less. The Fund may realize ordinary income from distributions from ETFs, from foreign currency gains that are not section 1256 contracts, from interest on indebtedness owned by the Fund and from other sources.

 

The maximum long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals and other noncorporate shareholders is 20% in addition to the 3.8% surtax on net investment income described under “Surtax on Net Investment Income,” described below. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Taxation of Fund Distributions.”

 

Distributions of earnings are taxable whether a shareholder receives them in cash or reinvests them in additional shares. If a dividend or distribution is made shortly after a shareholder purchases shares of the Fund, while in effect a return of capital, the dividend or distribution is still taxable. A shareholder can avoid this by investing soon after the Fund has paid a dividend.

 

Sale or Redemption of Fund Shares

 

A shareholder’s sale or redemption of Fund shares will generally result in taxable gain (if positive) or loss (if negative) in an amount equal to (i) the amount realized, reduced by (ii) the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the Fund shares sold or surrendered (in the case of a redemption. A shareholder who receives securities in redemption of shares of the Fund will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between (i) the aggregate fair market value of the securities received plus the amount of any cash received (net of any applicable fees), and (ii) the shareholder’s adjusted basis in the shares redeemed.

 

Any capital gain or loss realized upon the sale or redemption of shares of the Fund is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for one year or less. In certain situations, a loss on the sale of shares held for six months or less will be a long-term loss. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to significant limitations.

 

Any loss realized on a disposition or redemption of shares of the Fund may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent that the shares disposed of are replaced with other substantially identical shares of the Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before the shares are disposed of, such as pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in shares of the Fund. Persons redeeming shares should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether the wash sale rules apply and when such a loss might be deductible. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES –Sale or Redemption of Shares.”

 

Taxation of Certain Investments

 

The Fund’s investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding or other taxes which would reduce the Fund’s yield on such securities. Shareholders generally will not be entitled to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes, although it is possible that the Fund may be able to elect to pass through foreign tax credits or deductions to its shareholders. The Fund makes no assurances regarding its ability or willingness to so elect. In addition, the Fund’s investments in foreign securities or foreign currencies may increase or accelerate the Fund’s recognition of ordinary income and may affect the timing or amount of the Fund’s distributions. The Fund may hold securities that are passive foreign investment companies for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Fund may make certain tax elections with respect to an investment in a passive foreign investment company, which may result in an acceleration of the recognition of income and/or the recognition of ordinary income. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Special Tax Considerations.”

 

The Fund may at times buy debt obligations at a discount from the price at which they were originally issued (“original issue discount”), especially during periods of rising interest rates. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, any original issue discount inherent in such investments will be included in the Fund’s ordinary income when and as it accrues as required by applicable law. Even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, and will be subject to the risk of nonpayment, related distributions will be taxed to shareholders as ordinary income.

 

The Fund may also buy debt obligations in the secondary market which are treated as having market discount. Generally, gain recognized on the disposition of such an investment is treated as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of the accrued market discount, but the Fund may elect instead to currently include the amount of market discount as ordinary income even though the Fund does not receive payment of such amount at that time. The Fund’s investments in certain debt obligations, mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and derivatives may also cause the Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such obligations. Thus, the Fund could be required at times to liquidate other investments in order to satisfy its distribution requirements, potentially increasing the amount of capital gain dividends made to shareholders.

 

If the Fund invests in stock of a real-estate investment trust (a “REIT”), it may be eligible to pay “section 199A dividends” to its shareholders with respect to qualified dividends received by the Fund from its investment in REITs. Section 199A dividends are taxable to individual and other noncorporate shareholders at a reduced effective federal income tax rate, provided that certain holding period requirements and other conditions are satisfied.

 

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Surtax on Net Investment Income

 

A surtax of 3.8% applies to net investment income of an individual taxpayer and on the undistributed net investment income of a trust or estate to the extent that the taxpayer recognizes gross income (as adjusted) in excess of a certain amount for a year. Net investment income includes, among other types of income, ordinary income, dividend income and capital gain derived from an investment in the Fund. For information regarding the surtax on net investment income, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Surtax on Net Investment Income.”

 

Cost Basis Reporting

 

The Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and furnish to Fund shareholders (other than shareholders who hold their shares through a tax-advantaged arrangements such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account) the cost basis information for Fund shares that are sold that were purchased on or after January 1, 2012. If a shareholder does not make a timely election among the available IRS-accepted cost basis methods, the Fund will use a default cost basis method for the shareholder. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers concerning the most desirable IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situations.

 

Backup Withholding

 

The Fund is also required in certain circumstances to apply backup withholding on taxable dividends, redemption proceeds and certain other payments that are paid to any shareholder who does not furnish certain information and certifications to the Fund or who is otherwise subject to backup withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is currently 24%. For more information regarding backup withholding, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Backup Withholding” and “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Foreign Accounts.”

 

Foreign Accounts

 

Shareholders that invest in the Fund through foreign accounts may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on: (1) income dividends paid by the Fund, and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of a sale of Fund shares. This withholding tax generally may be avoided if the financial institution that maintains the account satisfies certain registration, certification and reporting requirements. For more information regarding withholding with respect to foreign accounts, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Foreign Accounts.”

 

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

 

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”) made significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules for the taxation of individuals and corporations. Most of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and will apply only to taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026. For more information, see the SAI.

 

You should consult with your tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.

 

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Financial Highlights

 

The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance for the periods indicated. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements and financial highlights, are included in the Fund’s annual report, which is available upon request by calling the Fund at (855) 268-2242.

 

Highland Resolute Fund

Consolidated Financial Highlights

 

For a share outstanding throughout the periods presented

 

   

Class I

 

 

 

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2018
(a)

   

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2017
(b)

   

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2016

   

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 10.81     $ 11.14     $ 10.75     $ 11.32     $ 11.18  

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS

                                       

Net investment income(c)

    0.20       0.25       0.09       0.16       0.20  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (0.22 )     0.38       0.45       (0.39 )     0.26  

Total from Investment Operations

    (0.02 )     0.63       0.54       (0.23 )     0.46  

 

                                       

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS

                                       

Net investment income

    (0.15 )     (0.77 )     (0.13 )     (0.18 )     (0.24 )

Net realized gain on investments

    (0.34 )     (0.19 )     (0.02 )     (0.16 )     (0.08 )

Total Distributions

    (0.49 )     (0.96 )     (0.15 )     (0.34 )     (0.32 )

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (0.51 )     (0.33 )     0.39       (0.57 )     0.14  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 10.30     $ 10.81     $ 11.14     $ 10.75     $ 11.32  

TOTAL RETURN(d)

    0.22 %     5.51 %     5.04 %     (2.02 )%     4.16 %

 

                                       

RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

                                       

Net assets, End of Period (000s)

  $ 332,435     $ 373,865     $ 491,811     $ 686,659     $ 689,266  

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS:

                                       

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver(e)

    1.89 %(f)(g)     1.94 %(f)(g)     1.77 %(f)(g)     1.69 %(f)     1.68 %(f)

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver(e)

    0.74 %(f)     0.82 %(f)     0.52 %(f)     0.35 %(f)     0.33 %(f)

Net investment income including reimbursement/waiver(e)

    1.95 %     2.24 %     0.86 %     1.49 %     1.79 %

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    55 %     79 %     94 %     27 %     54 %
                                         

 

(a)

Prior to August 31, 2017 the Highland Resolute Fund was known as the Redmont Resolute Fund.

(b)

Prior to August 31, 2016 the Highland Resolute Fund was known as the Redmont Resolute Fund II.

(c)

Calculated using the average shares method.

(d)

Total investment return is calculated assuming a purchase of a common share at the opening of the first day and a sale at closing on the last day of each period reported. Dividends and distributions, if any, are assumed for purposes of this calculation to be reinvested at prices obtained under the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan. Total returns would have been lower had certain expenses not been waived during the period. Total investment returns do not reflect brokerage commissions, if any, and are not annualized.

(e)

The ratios exclude the impact of expenses of the underlying funds in which the Fund invests as represented in the Schedule of Investments.

(f)

Dividend and interest expense on securities sold short totaled 0.19%, 0.25%, 0.10%, 0.08%, and 0.10% of average net assets for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

(g)

The ratio of operating expenses excluding fee waiver/reimbursements to average net assets is calculated excluding the waived Subsidiary management fee (See Note 7 for additional detail). The ratio inclusive of that fee would be 1.97%, 2.01% and 1.81% for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

31

 

 

 

 

 

Intentionally Left Blank

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Intentionally Left Blank

 

 

 

 

Shareholder Reports

 

Annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders provide additional information about the Fund’s investments. These reports will discuss the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

 

Statement of Additional Information

 

The statement of additional information provides more detailed information about the Fund. It is incorporated by reference into (is legally a part of) this Prospectus.

 

Householding Relationships

 

The Fund sends only one report to a household if more than one account has the same address. Contact the Transfer Agent if you do not want this policy to apply to you.

 

How to Obtain Additional Information

 

You can obtain shareholder reports or the statement of additional information (without charge), make inquiries or request other information about the Fund by contacting the Transfer Agent at (855) 268-2242, by writing the Fund at Highland Funds, P.O. Box 1436, Denver, CO 80201, or by calling your financial consultant.

 

You can get copies of the Fund’s shareholder reports, prospectus and statement of additional information after paying a fee by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov. You can get the same reports and information free from the EDGAR Database on the Commission’s Internet web site at http://www.sec.gov.

 

If someone makes a statement about the Fund that is not in this Prospectus, you should not rely upon that information. Neither the Fund nor the Distributor is offering to sell shares of the Fund to any person to whom the Fund may not lawfully sell its shares.

 

(Investment Company Act file no. 811-8194)

 

 

 

 

Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Fund’s annual and semi-annual shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Funds’ website at www.vulcanvaluepartners.com and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

 

Beginning on January 1, 2019, you may, notwithstanding the availability of shareholder reports online, elect to receive all future shareholder reports in paper free of charge. If you invest through a financial intermediary, you can contact your financial intermediary to request that you continue to receive paper copies of your shareholder reports. If you invest directly with the Funds, you can call 1.877.421.5078 to let the Funds know you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports.

 

If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Funds electronically anytime by contacting your financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank) or, if you are a direct investor, by enrolling at www.vulcanvaluepartners.com.

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND
VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND

 

CONTENTS

PAGE

Summary Sections

2

Investment Objective and Principal Strategies

10

More on Each Fund’s Investments and Related Risks

11

Management

16

The Portfolio Manager

17

Administrator, Distributor and Transfer Agent

17

Buying, Exchanging and Redeeming Shares

17

Share Transactions

23

Dividends and Distributions

25

Taxes

25

Financial Highlights

28

Additional Information About the Fund

Back Cover

 

1

PROSPECTUS August 31, 2019

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND

 

VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND (THE “FUND”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

 

The Fund seeks to achieve long-term capital appreciation.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Investor Class Shares(1)

Institutional Class
Shares

Redemption Fee (as a percentage of exchange price or amount redeemed within 90 days of purchase)

2.00%

2.00%

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees

1.00%

1.00%

Other Expenses

0.08%

0.08%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

1.08%

1.08%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement(2)

0.00%

-0.23%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement

1.08%

0.85%

 

(1)

The initial share class of the Fund was redesignated as Investor Class shares effective April 23, 2019.

 

(2)

Vulcan Value Partners, LLC (“Vulcan” or the “Adviser”) has contractually agreed to limit the Fund’s total annual fund operating expenses (exclusive of Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expense, taxes and extraordinary expenses) to 1.25% and 0.85% of the Fund’s average daily net assets with respect to Investor Class shares and Institutional Class shares, respectively. These agreements (the “Expense Agreements”) are in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreements to the extent that the Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreements or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fees or expenses were deferred. The Adviser may not discontinue or modify this waiver prior to August 31, 2020 without the approval by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

EXAMPLE

 

This example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example reflects the net operating expenses with expense waivers through the current term of the Expense Agreements, which end on August 31, 2020. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

 

Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1
Year

3
Years

5
Years

10
Years

Investor Class Shares

$110

$343

$595

$1,316

Institutional Class Shares

$87

$321

$573

$1,295

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may also result in higher taxes for a shareholder of the Fund when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s turnover rate was 73% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUND

 

The Vulcan Value Partners Fund seeks to achieve long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in publicly traded small-cap and large-cap companies the Fund believes to be both undervalued and possessing a sustainable competitive advantage. The Fund generally regards small-cap companies to be those less than $5 billion in market capitalization and large-cap companies to be those greater than $5 billion in market capitalization. The Fund expects that these ranges will change over time.

 

www.vulcanvaluepartners.com

2

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND

 

The Fund views equity investments as ownership in a business enterprise and approaches investing as long-term partial ownership of businesses. The Fund seeks to purchase publicly traded companies at significant discounts to intrinsic worth. The Fund seeks to invest for the long term, limiting the selection of qualifying investments to good businesses with identifiable, sustainable competitive advantages to maximize returns and to minimize risk. The Fund generally defines risk as the probability of permanently losing capital over a five-year period. The Fund generally sells stocks when they approach their appraised value. The Fund seeks to determine business or intrinsic value through disciplined financial analysis. The Fund believes that equities purchased at prices substantially less than their intrinsic worth generally afford capital protection from significant permanent loss and also create the possibility of substantial appreciation if the market recognizes the company’s economic value.

 

This portfolio strategy invests in companies with larger market capitalizations. Generally, subject to price, any publicly traded company with reasonable economics would be a potential investment in this portfolio. A core position in the Fund is generally approximately 5% of the Fund’s portfolio, so that theoretically the Fund would seek to hold about 20 companies, spread across various industries. Because it is rare that the Fund would find exactly 20 companies meeting its investment guidelines, allocations will vary with the price to value ratio of specific companies. The Fund may invest in positions as small as 1% when price to value ratios are higher. The Fund generally will not invest in any business that is trading above the Fund’s estimate of its fair value. Most of these securities are listed on the major securities exchanges. The Fund may invest up to 30% of net assets in publicly traded foreign securities, which may consist in whole or in part of securities of issuers in emerging markets. The Fund may hold up to 10% of net assets in illiquid securities. If investments meeting the Fund’s criteria are not available, the Fund may invest the Fund’s assets temporarily in obligations of the U.S. government and its agencies, or in other money market instruments. The Fund is non-diversified, which means that it may take a more focused approach to investing.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

 

The following is a description of the principal risks of the Fund’s portfolio that may adversely affect its net asset value and total return. Unless otherwise stated, these risks apply to the Fund. There are other circumstances (including additional risks that are not described here) which could prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. It is important to read all of the disclosure information provided and to understand that you may lose money by investing in the Fund.

 

Stock Market Risk – The value of equity securities in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate and, as a result, the Fund’s share price may decline suddenly or over a sustained period of time.

 

Business Ownership Risk – The Fund treats investing as partial ownership of qualifying businesses. As partial owners of these companies, the Fund faces the risks inherent in owning a business.

 

Medium-Size Company Risk – Medium-sized companies may have more limited product lines, markets and financial resources than larger companies. In addition, mid-cap stocks may be more volatile than those of larger companies and, where trading volume is thin, the ability to dispose of such securities may be more limited.

 

Small-Size Company Risk – The Fund may invest in the securities of companies with small market capitalizations. Small-sized companies may have more limited product lines, markets, and financial resources than larger companies. In addition, their securities may trade less frequently and in more limited volume than those of larger companies. Small-cap stocks may be more volatile than those of larger companies and, where trading volume is thin, the ability to dispose of such securities may be more limited. Because the Fund normally invests at least 80% of its net equity assets in securities of smaller companies, these risks may be increased.

 

Non-diversification Risk – The Fund is classified as non-diversified. As a result, an increase or decrease in the value of a single security may have a greater impact on the Fund’s NAV and total return. Being non-diversified may also make the Fund more susceptible to financial, economic, political or other developments that may impact a security. Although the Fund may from time to time satisfy the requirements for a diversified fund, its non-diversified classification gives the Fund’s portfolio managers more flexibility to hold larger positions in a smaller number of securities than a fund that is classified as diversified.

 

Non-U.S. Securities Risk – Non-U.S. securities are subject to the risks of foreign currency fluctuations, generally higher volatility and lower liquidity than U.S. securities, less developed securities markets and economic systems and political and economic instability.

 

Currency Risk – The value of the Fund’s investments may fall as a result of changes in exchange rates.

 

3

PROSPECTUS August 31, 2019

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND

 

Emerging Markets Risk - To the extent that the Fund invests in issuers located in emerging markets, the risk of loss may be heightened by political changes and changes in taxation or currency controls that could adversely affect the values of these investments. Emerging markets have been more volatile than the markets of developed countries with more mature economies.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk – The manager’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

 

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time.

 

The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to broad-based securities market indices. The performance shown in the table below for periods prior to May 1, 2019 for Institutional Class shares reflects the performance of the Fund’s Investor Class shares, the initial share class, calculated using the fees and expenses of Investor Class shares, without the effect of any fee and expense limitations or waivers. If Institutional Class shares of the Fund had been available during periods prior to May 1, 2019, the performance shown would have been higher. The indices are not actively managed and are not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.vulcanvaluepartners.com or by calling 877.421.5078.

 

Annual Total Returns – Investor Class Shares
(Calendar years ended 12/31)

 

 

Best Quarter

March 31, 2012

14.88%

Worst Quarter

December 31, 2018

-16.64%

 

The Fund’s Investor Class shares year-to-date return as of June 30, 2019 was 20.60%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(For the periods ended December 31, 2018)

1
Year

5
Year

Since
Inception
(12.30.09)

Investor Class Shares

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-7.68%

4.31%

10.19%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-9.96%

2.80%

9.14%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-3.77%

3.04%

8.13%

Institutional Class Shares

-7.68%

4.31%

10.19%

Russell 1000 Value Index® (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-8.27%

5.95%

10.15%

S&P 500 Total Return Index® (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-4.38%

8.49%

11.60%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historically highest individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the table below. The after-tax return information shown below does not apply to Fund shares held through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.

 

www.vulcanvaluepartners.com

4

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND

 

After-tax returns are shown only for Investor Class shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Institutional Class shares will vary from those shown for Investor Class shares due to varying sales charges and expenses among the classes.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

 

Vulcan Value Partners, LLC is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGER

 

C.T. Fitzpatrick, Chief Investment Officer of Vulcan Value Partners, LLC, has served as the Fund’s portfolio manager since its inception in December 2009.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

 

The Fund is closed to new investors seeking to purchase shares in the Fund either directly or through third party intermediaries, except for new investors who are employees of the Adviser. Existing shareholders of the Fund may continue to purchase additional shares of the Fund. A financial advisor whose clients have established accounts in the Fund as of June 1, 2015, may continue to open new accounts in the Fund for any of its existing or new clients. Existing or new participants in a qualified retirement plan, such as a 401(k) plan, profit sharing plan, 403(b) plan or 457 plan, which has an existing position in the Fund as of June 1, 2015, may continue to open new accounts in the Fund. In addition, if such qualified retirement plans have a related retirement plan formed in the future, this plan may also open new accounts in the Fund.

 

The minimum investment to open a regular account in Investor Class shares is $5,000. The minimum investment to open a Coverdell Education Savings Account or a retirement fund account in Investor Class shares is $500. The subsequent investment minimum for any type of account in Investor Class shares is $500. The minimum investment to open any type of account in Institutional Class shares is $1 million. The subsequent investment minimum for any type of account in Institutional Class shares is $5,000. Purchases, exchanges and redemptions may be made on any business day through certain broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries, the Fund’s website at www.vulcanvaluepartners.com, by telephone at 877.421.5078, by regular mail at PO Box 1236, Denver, CO 80201-1236, or by a systematic purchase, exchange or withdrawal plan (must be a minimum of $500).

 

TAX INFORMATION

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is held in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

 

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

5

PROSPECTUS August 31, 2019

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND

 

VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND
(THE “FUND”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

 

The Fund seeks to achieve long-term capital appreciation.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Investor Class Shares(1)

Institutional Class
Shares

Redemption Fee (as a percentage of exchange price or amount redeemed within 90 days of purchase)

2.00%

2.00%

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees

1.15%

1.15%

Other Expenses

0.11%

0.11%

Recoupment of Previously Waived Fees

0.01%

0.00%

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses

0.01%

0.01%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

1.28%(2)

1.27%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement(3)

-0.02%

-0.26%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/ Expense Reimbursement

1.26%

1.01%

 

(1)

The initial share class of the Fund was redesignated as Investor Class shares effective April 23, 2019.

 

(2)

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses have been restated to reflect current fees.

 

(3)

Vulcan Value Partners, LLC (“Vulcan” or the “Adviser”) has contractually agreed to limit the Fund’s total annual fund operating expenses (exclusive of Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expense, taxes and extraordinary expenses) to 1.25% and 1.00% of the Fund’s average daily net assets with respect to Investor Class shares and Institutional Class shares, respectively. These agreements (the “Expense Agreements”) are in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreements to the extent that the Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreements or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fees or expenses were deferred. The Adviser may not discontinue or modify this waiver prior to August 31, 2020 without the approval by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

EXAMPLE

 

This example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example reflects the net operating expenses with expense waivers through the current term of the Expense Agreements, which ends on August 31, 2020. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

 

Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1
Year

3
Years

5
Years

10
Years

Investor Class Shares

$128

$404

$700

$1,542

Institutional Class Shares

$103

$377

$672

$1,509

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may also result in higher taxes for a shareholder of the Fund when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s turnover rate was 68% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

www.vulcanvaluepartners.com

6

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUND

 

The Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund seeks to achieve long term capital appreciation by investing primarily in publicly traded small-cap companies the Fund believes to be both undervalued and possessing a sustainable competitive advantage.

 

The Fund views equity investments as ownership in a business enterprise and approaches investing as long-term partial ownership of businesses. The Fund seeks to purchase publicly traded companies at significant discounts to intrinsic worth. The Fund seeks to invest for the long term, limiting the selection of qualifying investments to good businesses with identifiable, sustainable competitive advantages to maximize returns and to minimize risk. The Fund generally defines risk as the probability of permanently losing capital over a five-year period.

 

The Fund generally sells stocks when they approach their appraised value. The Fund seeks to determine business or intrinsic value through disciplined financial analysis. The Fund believes that equities purchased at prices substantially less than their intrinsic worth generally afford capital protection from significant permanent loss and also create the possibility of substantial appreciation if the market recognizes the company’s economic value.

 

This portfolio strategy invests in companies with smaller market capitalizations. While the Fund does not have any defined cutoffs, the Fund generally uses the Russell 2000® as a guide to define the universe of small capitalization companies, and any small publicly traded company with reasonable economics would be a potential investment in this portfolio. As of June 30, 2019 the latest reconstitution date, the median market capitalization of the Russell 2000® Index was approximately $798.26 million, the top of this range was approximately $10.34 billion. The capitalization range of the companies in the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund will change over time. For purposes of the Fund’s 80% investment policy, the Fund considers small-cap companies to be those companies whose market capitalization at the time of initial purchase is within the market capitalization range of companies in the Russell 2000 Index during the most recent 12-month period. As of June 30, 2019, this range was approximately $4.84 million to $10.34 billion; however, this capitalization range is expected to change over time.

 

Once the Fund owns a company, the Fund will not necessarily sell it just because it has grown to a size that the Fund would not consider to be small cap. A core position in the Fund is generally approximately 5% of the Fund’s portfolio, so that theoretically the Fund would seek to hold about 20 companies, spread across various industries. Because it is rare that the Fund would find exactly 20 companies meeting its investment guidelines, allocations will vary with the price to value ratio of specific companies. The Fund may invest in positions as small as less than 1% when price to value ratios are higher. The Fund generally will not invest in any business that is trading above the Fund’s estimate of its fair value. Most of these securities are listed on the major securities exchanges. The Fund may invest up to 30% of net assets in publicly traded foreign securities which may consist in whole or in part of securities of issuers in emerging markets. The Fund may hold up to 10% of net assets in illiquid securities. If investments meeting the Fund’s criteria are not available, the Fund may invest the Fund’s assets temporarily in obligations of the U.S. government and its agencies, or in other money market instruments. The Fund is non-diversified, which means that it may take a more focused approach to investing.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

 

The following is a description of the principal risks of the Fund’s portfolio that may adversely affect its net asset value and total return. Unless otherwise stated, these risks apply to the Fund. There are other circumstances (including additional risks that are not described here) which could prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. It is important to read all of the disclosure information provided and to understand that you may lose money by investing in the Fund.

 

Stock Market Risk – The value of equity securities in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate and, as a result, the Fund’s share price may decline suddenly or over a sustained period of time.

 

Business Ownership Risk – The Fund treats investing as partial ownership of qualifying businesses. As partial owners of these companies, the Fund faces the risks inherent in owning a business.

 

Small-Size Company Risk – The Fund may invest in the securities of companies with small market capitalizations. Small-sized companies may have more limited product lines, markets, and financial resources than larger companies. In addition, their securities may trade less frequently and in more limited volume than those of larger companies. Small-cap stocks may be more volatile than those of larger companies and, where trading volume is thin, the ability to dispose of such securities may be more

 

7

PROSPECTUS August 31, 2019

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND

 

limited. Because the Fund normally invests at least 80% of its net equity assets in securities of smaller companies, these risks may be increased.

 

Non-diversification Risk – The Fund is classified as non-diversified. As a result, an increase or decrease in the value of a single security may have a greater impact on the Fund’s NAV and total return. Being non-diversified may also make the Fund more susceptible to financial, economic, political or other developments that may impact a security. Although the Fund may from time to time satisfy the requirements for a diversified fund, its non-diversified classification gives the Fund’s portfolio managers more flexibility to hold larger positions in a smaller number of securities than a fund that is classified as diversified.

 

Non-U.S. Securities Risk – Non-U.S. securities are subject to the risks of foreign currency fluctuations, generally higher volatility and lower liquidity than U.S. securities, less developed securities markets and economic systems and political and economic instability.

 

Currency Risk – The value of the Fund’s investments may fall as a result of changes in exchange rates.

 

Emerging Markets Risk – To the extent that the Fund invests in issuers located in emerging markets, the risk of loss may be heightened by political changes and changes in taxation or currency controls that could adversely affect the values of these investments. Emerging markets have been more volatile than the markets of developed countries with more mature economies.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk – The manager’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

 

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time.

 

The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to broad-based securities market indices. The performance shown in the table below for periods prior to May 1, 2019 for Institutional Class shares reflects the performance of the Fund’s Investor Class shares, the initial share class, calculated using the fees and expenses of Investor Class shares, without the effect of any fee and expense limitations or waivers. If Institutional Class shares of the Fund had been available during periods prior to May 1, 2019, the performance shown would have been higher. The indices are not actively managed and are not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.vulcanvaluepartners.com or by calling 877.421.5078.

 

Annual Total Returns – Investor Class Shares
(Calendar years ended 12/31)

 

 

Best Quarter

December 31, 2011

16.42%

Worst Quarter

December 31, 2018

-15.85%

 

The Fund’s Investor Class shares year-to-date return as of June 30, 2019 was 21.07%.

 

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VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(For the periods ended December 31, 2018)

1
Year

5
Year

Since
Inception
(12.30.09)

Investor Class Shares

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-14.31%

1.83%

10.62%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-17.46%

-0.40%

8.71%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-6.04%

1.06%

8.24%

Institutional Class Shares

-14.31%

1.83%

10.62%

Russell 2000 Value Index® (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-12.86%

3.61%

9.15%

Russell 2000 Index® (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-11.01%

4.41%

10.24%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historically highest individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the table below. The after-tax return information shown below does not apply to Fund shares held through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.

 

After-tax returns are shown only for Investor Class shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Institutional Class shares will vary from those shown for Investor Class shares due to varying sales charges and expenses among the classes.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

 

Vulcan Value Partners, LLC is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGER

 

C.T. Fitzpatrick, Chief Investment Officer of Vulcan Value Partners, LLC, has served as the Fund’s portfolio manager since its inception in December 2009.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

 

The Fund is closed to new investors seeking to purchase shares of the Fund either directly or through third party intermediaries, except for new investors who are employees of the Adviser. Existing shareholders of the Fund may continue to purchase additional shares of the Fund. A financial advisor whose clients have established accounts in the Fund as of November 29, 2013, may continue to open new accounts in the Fund for any of its existing or new clients. Existing or new participants in a qualified retirement plan, such as a 401(k) plan, profit sharing plan, 403(b) plan or 457 plan, which has an existing position in the Fund as of November 29, 2013, may continue to open new accounts in the Fund. In addition, if such qualified retirement plans have a related retirement plan formed in the future, this plan may also open new accounts in the Fund.

 

The minimum investment to open a regular account in Investor Class shares is $5,000. The minimum investment to open a Coverdell Education Savings Account or a retirement fund account in Investor Class shares is $500. The subsequent investment minimum for any type of account in Investor Class shares is $500. The minimum investment to open any type of account in Institutional Class shares is $1 million. The subsequent investment minimum for any type of account in Institutional Class shares is $5,000.Purchases, exchanges and redemptions may be made on any business day through certain broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries, the Fund’s website at www.vulcanvaluepartners.com, by telephone at 877.421.5078, by regular mail at PO Box 1236, Denver, CO 80201-1236, or by a systematic purchase, exchange or withdrawal plan (must be a minimum of $500).

 

TAX INFORMATION

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is held in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

 

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND
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VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND
VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND
(EACH, A “FUND” AND COLLECTIVELY, THE “FUNDS”)

 

Investment Objective and Principal Strategies

 

This section describes each Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies. See “More on Each Fund’s Investments and Related Risks” in this Prospectus and the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) about each Fund’s investments and the risks of investing.

 

What is Each Fund’s Investment Objective?

 

Each Fund seeks to achieve long-term capital appreciation.

 

While there is no assurance that a Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in this Prospectus.

 

The Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change the Fund’s investment objective or the Fund’s principal investment strategies without a shareholder vote. The Fund will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to a Fund’s investment objective or principal investment strategies, you should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

What are the Funds’ Principal Investment Strategies?

 

Unless otherwise stated, the following investment philosophies and processes apply to each Fund.

 

VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND seeks to achieve long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in publicly traded small- and large-capitalization U.S. companies believed to be both undervalued and possessing a sustainable competitive advantage.

 

VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND seeks to achieve long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in publicly traded small-capitalization U.S. companies believed to be both undervalued and possessing a sustainable competitive advantage.

 

The Funds’ Investment Philosophies. Both Funds are value funds. Vulcan Value Partners, LLC (“Vulcan” or the “Adviser”) is the investment adviser to the Funds. The Funds view equity investments as ownership in a business enterprise and approach investing as long-term partial ownership of businesses. The Funds seek to purchase publicly traded companies at significant discounts to intrinsic worth. The Funds seek to invest for the long term, limiting the selection of qualifying investments to good businesses with identifiable, sustainable competitive advantages to maximize returns and to minimize risk. The Funds generally define risk as the probability of permanently losing capital over a five-year period. The Funds generally sell stocks when they approach their appraised value. The Funds seek to determine business or intrinsic value through disciplined financial analysis. The Funds believe that equities purchased at prices substantially less than their intrinsic worth generally afford capital protection from significant permanent loss and also create the possibility of substantial appreciation if the market recognizes the company’s economic value.

 

The Funds’ Investment Process. Under normal circumstances, both Funds follow the same investment disciplines and appraisal methods. The Funds identify companies that are believed to have sustainable competitive advantages allowing them to produce free cash flow and earn superior cash returns on capital. The Funds seek to invest in businesses that are run by ethical, capable, stockholder-oriented management teams that also are good operators, and, very importantly, understand the importance of capital allocation. The Funds then focus their analysis on the difference between price and value; that is, the difference between the price of the company’s securities and the appraised value of the securities. The greater the difference of value over price, the larger the margin of safety and the more attractive the investment. The Funds will generally invest larger amounts of their assets in companies determined to have lower price to value ratios and reduce capital committed to companies determined to have higher price to value ratios.

 

Under normal circumstances, at least eighty percent (80%) of the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund’s net assets are invested in small-cap companies. As of June 30, 2019, the latest reconstitution date, the median market capitalization of the Russell 2000® Index was approximately $798.26 million and the top of this range was approximately $10.34 billion. The Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund’s capitalization range will change over time. For purposes of the Fund’s 80% investment policy, the Fund considers small-cap companies to be those companies whose market capitalization at the time of initial purchase is within the market capitalization range of companies in the Russell 2000® Index during the most recent 12-month period. As of June 30, 2019, this range was approximately $4.84 million to $10.34 billion; however, this capitalization range is expected to change over time.

 

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Vulcan Value Partners Fund

 

The portfolio strategy for the Vulcan Value Partners Fund invests in companies with larger market capitalizations. Generally, subject to price, any publicly traded company with reasonable economics would be a potential investment in this portfolio. A core position in the Fund is generally approximately 5% of the Fund’s portfolio, so that theoretically the Fund would seek to hold about 20 companies, spread across various industries. Because it is rare that the Fund would find exactly 20 companies meeting its investment guidelines, allocations will vary with the price to value ratio of specific companies. The Fund may invest in positions as small as 1% when price to value ratios are higher. The Fund generally will not invest in any business that is trading above the Fund’s estimate of its fair value. Most of these securities are listed on the major securities exchanges. The Fund may invest up to 30% of net assets in publicly traded foreign securities. The Fund may hold up to 10% of net assets in illiquid securities. If investments meeting the Fund’s criteria are not available, the Fund may invest the Fund’s assets temporarily in obligations of the U.S. government and its agencies, or in other money market instruments.

 

Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund

 

With respect to the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund, once the Fund owns a company, the Fund will not necessarily sell it just because it has grown to a size that the Fund would not consider to be small cap. A core position in the Fund is generally approximately 5% of the Fund’s portfolio, so that theoretically the Fund would seek to hold about 20 companies, spread across various industries. Because it is rare that the Fund would find exactly 20 companies meeting its investment guidelines, allocations will vary with the price to value ratio of specific companies. The Fund may invest in positions as small as less than 1% when price to value ratios are higher. The Fund generally will not invest in any business that is trading above the Fund’s estimate of its fair value. Most of these securities are listed on the major securities exchanges. The Fund may invest up to 30% of net assets in publicly traded foreign securities. The Fund may hold up to 10% of net assets in illiquid securities. If investments meeting the Fund’s criteria are not available, the Fund may invest the Fund’s assets temporarily in obligations of the U.S. government and its agencies, or in other money market instruments.

 

More on Each Fund’s Investments and Related Risks

 

Each Fund’s investment objective and its principal investment strategies are described above under “Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies.” This section provides additional information about each Fund’s investment strategies and certain portfolio management techniques each Fund may use, as well as the principal and other risks that may affect each Fund’s portfolio. Additional information about some of these investments and portfolio management techniques and their associated risks is included in each Fund’s SAI, which is available without charge upon request (see back cover).

 

What are the Principal Securities in Which the Funds Invest?

 

Equity Securities

 

Equity securities are securities which signify ownership interest in a corporation and represent a claim on part of the corporation’s assets and earnings. Equity securities may include common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities, equity interest in non-U.S. investments or trusts, depositary receipts, equity interests in publicly traded limited partnerships/units and other equity investments. Each Fund may invest in equity or equity-related securities and equipment lease certificates, equipment trust certificates and conditional sales contracts, or limited partnership interests.

 

Foreign Securities

 

Each Fund may invest directly in publicly traded foreign securities denominated in a foreign currency and not publicly traded in the United States. Other ways of investing in foreign securities include depositary receipts or shares and passive foreign investment companies.

 

What are the Non-Principal Strategies of Each Fund?

 

Unless otherwise stated within its specific investment policies, each Fund may also invest in other types of domestic and foreign securities and use other investment strategies. These securities and strategies are not principal investment strategies of the Fund. If successful, they may benefit the Fund by earning a return on the Fund’s assets or by reducing risk; however, they may not achieve the Fund’s objective. These securities and strategies may include:

 

Investment grade debt securities of publicly traded companies;

 

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VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND
VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND

 

indexed/structured securities; and

 

securities purchased on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis.

 

Exchange Traded Funds

 

Each Fund may invest in shares of exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) and other similar instruments if the Adviser chooses to adjust the Fund’s exposure to the general market or industry sectors and to manage the Fund’s risk exposure. ETFs differ from traditional index funds in that their shares are listed on a securities exchange and can be traded intraday. ETF shares are shares of exchange traded investment companies that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and hold a portfolio of common stocks designed to track the performance of a particular index. Limitations of the 1940 Act may prohibit the Fund from acquiring more than 3% of the outstanding shares of certain ETFs. Instruments that are similar to ETFs represent beneficial ownership interests in specific “baskets” of stocks of companies within a particular industry sector or group. These securities may also be exchange traded, but unlike ETFs, the issuers of these securities are not registered as investment companies.

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

Each Fund may engage in short-term trading. This means that the Fund may buy a security and sell that security a short period of time after its purchase to realize gains if the Adviser believes that the sale is in the best interest of the Fund (for example, if the Adviser believes an alternative investment has greater growth potential). This activity will increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate and generate higher transaction costs due to commissions or dealer mark-ups and other expenses that would reduce the Fund’s investment performance. In addition, a high level of short-term trading may increase the amount of taxable distributions to shareholders that would reduce the after-tax returns of the Fund and, in particular, may generate short-term capital gains that when distributed to shareholders are taxed as ordinary income.

 

Illiquid Investments

 

The Funds define an illiquid security as “any investment that may not reasonable be expected to be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment.”

 

Each Fund is prohibited from holding more than 15% of their net assets in illiquid securities at any time. Each Fund will determine whether or not a security is “illiquid” using information obtained after reasonable inquiry and taking into account market, trading, and investment-specific considerations.

 

In October 2016, the SEC adopted a liquidity risk management rule, Rule 22e-4 (the “Liquidity Rule”). The Liquidity Rule requires open-end Funds to establish a liquidity risk management program and enhance disclosures regarding liquidity. As required by the Liquidity Rule, the Fund has implemented a Liquidity Program, and the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, has appointed a liquidity risk program administrator of the Liquidity Program (the “Liquidity Program Administrator”). Under the Liquidity Program, the Liquidity Program Administrator assesses, manages, and periodically reviews the Fund’s liquidity risk and classifies each investment held by the Fund as a “highly liquid investment,” “moderately liquid investment,” “less liquid investment” or “illiquid investment.” The Liquidity Rule defines “liquidity risk” as the risk that the Fund could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by the Fund without significant dilution of the remaining investors’ interest in the Fund. The liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio investments is determined based on relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations under the Liquidity Program. The impact the Liquidity Rule will have on the Fund is not yet fully known, but the Liquidity Rule could impact the Fund’s performance and their ability to achieve their investment objectives.

 

Temporary Defensive Investments/Cash Positions

 

Each Fund may, from time to time, invest all of its assets in short-term instruments or hold cash when the Adviser determines that adverse market, economic, political or other conditions call for a temporary defensive posture. For example, when the Adviser believes that market conditions are unfavorable for profitable investing, or when it is otherwise unable to locate attractive investment opportunities, a Fund’s cash or similar investments may increase. When a Fund’s investments in cash or similar investments increase, it may not participate in market advance or declines to the same extent that it would if the Fund remained more fully invested. Such a defensive position may result in a Fund failing to achieve its investment objective.

 

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Investment Limitations

 

Unless otherwise indicated all limitations on Fund investments listed in this Prospectus will apply to a Fund’s holdings on an ongoing basis. Unless otherwise indicated, references to assets in the percentage limitations on the Fund’s investments refer to total assets.

 

ReFlow Liquidity Program

 

Each Fund may participate in the ReFlow liquidity program, which is designed to provide an alternative liquidity source for mutual funds experiencing net redemptions of their shares. Pursuant to the program, ReFlow Fund, LLC (“ReFlow”) provides participating mutual funds with a source of cash to meet net shareholder redemptions by standing ready each business day to purchase fund shares up to the value of the net shares redeemed by other shareholders that are to settle the next business day. ReFlow will purchase shares of the Fund at net asset value and will not be subject to any investment minimums. Following purchases of Fund shares, ReFlow then generally redeems those shares when the Fund experiences net subscriptions, at the end of a maximum holding period determined by ReFlow (currently 28 days), or at other times as the Fund may request. ReFlow may choose to redeem its position in the Fund with an in-kind transfer of securities, instead of cash, enabling the Fund to avoid a realization of capital gains on the securities it transfers. ReFlow will not be subject to any short-term redemption fees. While ReFlow holds Fund shares, it will have the same rights and privileges with respect to those shares as any other shareholder. For use of the ReFlow service, a Fund pays a fee to ReFlow each time it purchases Fund shares, calculated by applying to the purchase amount a fee rate determined through an automated daily auction among participating mutual funds. The current minimum fee rate is 0.20% of the value of the Fund shares purchased by ReFlow although the Fund may submit a bid at a higher fee rate if it determines that doing so is in the best interest of Fund shareholders. In accordance with federal securities laws, ReFlow is prohibited from acquiring more than 3% of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund. There is no assurance that ReFlow will have sufficient funds available to meet the Funds’ liquidity needs on a particular day.

 

What are the Principal Risks of Investing in Each Fund?

 

The following is a description of the principal risks of each Fund’s portfolio that may adversely affect its net asset value and total return. Unless otherwise stated, these risks apply to each Fund. There are other circumstances (including additional risks that are not described here) which could prevent a Fund from achieving its investment objective. It is important to read all of the disclosure information provided and to understand that you may lose money by investing in a Fund.

 

Stock Market Risk

 

The Funds invest primarily in common stocks or securities convertible to common stocks. Equity investments are subject to declines in a company’s share price or in the overall stock market. The value of your investment in a Fund fluctuates daily with stock price movements and, upon redemption, may be worth more or less than what you paid. The Funds seek to minimize this risk of loss of capital by (i) seeking a substantial margin of safety for securities purchases in terms of the extent to which the Fund’s appraised value for a security exceeds the corresponding price, and (ii) limiting investments to companies believed to have identifiable, sustainable competitive advantages that will allow them to produce free cash flow and earn superior cash returns on capital. While the ability to hold shares through periods of volatility may protect long-term investors from permanent loss, there is a risk that investments may never reach what the Funds believe are their true values, either because the market fails to recognize that value or because the Funds did not accurately predict the true value. Loss of money is, therefore, a risk of investing in the Funds.

 

Business Ownership Risk

 

The Funds treat investing as partial ownership of qualifying businesses. As partial owners of these companies, the Funds face the risks inherent in owning a business. First, the company’s operations must be successful. The successful operation of a business depends heavily on the skills and performance of that company’s management team. To minimize this risk, the Funds evaluate business risks, assess people and scrutinize competitive strengths in the assessment of long-term investment qualifications. The Funds seek to limit their investments to businesses that are run by ethical, capable, stockholder-oriented management teams that also are good operators and, very importantly, understand the importance of capital allocation.

 

Another risk of owning a company is financial risk. The analysis of a company’s financial strength is important, as the Funds do not intend to invest in business enterprises with inferior economics that are simply statistically cheap. The Funds believe that a good business produces free cash flow and high returns on investment capital without leverage. Leverage is an important consideration in the

 

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PROSPECTUS August 31, 2019

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND
VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND

 

analysis because it increases both the risk and the potential for return. The Funds believe that good businesses can enhance their returns to equity investors with an efficient capital structure and prudent leverage, but the Funds generally view leveraged businesses with skepticism.

 

A third risk is whether a company can control costs and retain pricing power. The Funds strive to limit the selection of qualifying investments to good businesses with identifiable, sustainable competitive advantages. The Funds prefer to own businesses with strong purchasing power and the ability to pass cost increases on to customers.

 

Small- and Medium-Size Company Risk

 

The Funds may invest in the securities of companies with small or medium market capitalizations. Small-or medium-sized companies may have more limited product lines, markets, and financial resources than larger companies. In addition, their securities may trade less frequently and in more limited volume than those of larger companies. Small- or mid-cap stocks may be more volatile than those of larger companies and, where trading volume is thin, the ability to dispose of such securities may be more limited. Because the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund normally invests at least 80% of its net equity assets in securities of smaller companies, these risks may be increased.

 

Non-Diversification Risk and Securities Concentration Limitations

 

A mutual fund may elect to operate as a “diversified company,” which generally is defined in Section 5(b)(1) of the 1940 Act as any management investment company, if at least 75 percent of the company’s assets consist of cash, cash items, government securities, securities of other investment companies, and other securities. For the purposes of this calculation, “other securities” are limited in regard to any issuer to an amount not greater than 5 percent of the value of the total assets of the management company and to not more than 10 percent of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer. The Funds have chosen to be classified as non-diversified. As a result, an increase or decrease in the value of a single security may have a greater impact on a Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) and total return. Being non-diversified may also cause a Fund to be more susceptible to financial, economic, political or other developments that may impact a security. Although a Fund may from time to time satisfy the requirements for a diversified fund, its non-diversified classification gives the Funds’ portfolio manager more flexibility to hold larger positions in a smaller number of securities than a fund that is classified as diversified.

 

The Funds have chosen to operate under certain self-imposed limitations that are unrelated to the diversification tests under Section 5(b)(1) of the 1940 Act. Each Fund will ensure that no issuer’s securities will constitute more than 10% of the Fund’s assets. In addition, each Fund will be allowed to invest up to, but no more than, an aggregate of 40% of its assets in positions where the investment in the securities of an issuer exceeds 5% of the Fund’s assets. Both of these tests will be applied to the Fund’s holdings on an ongoing basis.

 

Non-U.S. Securities Risk

 

Investments in non-U.S. securities may experience additional risks compared to investments in securities of U.S. companies. The securities markets of many non-U.S. countries are relatively small, with a limited number of issuers and securities. Furthermore, non-U.S. taxes also could detract from performance. Companies based in non-U.S. countries may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices as stringent as those in the United States. Therefore, their financial reports may present an incomplete, untimely or misleading picture of a non-U.S. company, as compared to the financial reports of U.S. companies. Nationalization, expropriations or confiscatory taxation, currency blockage, political changes or diplomatic developments can cause the value of a Fund’s investments in a non-U.S. country to decline. In the event of nationalization, expropriation or other confiscation, a Fund could lose its entire investment in that country.

 

Currency Risk

 

This is the risk that fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and non-U.S. currencies may cause the value of a Fund’s non-U.S. investments to decline in terms of U.S. dollars. Additionally, certain of a Fund’s foreign currency transactions may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency. See “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES” below. Funds that may invest in securities denominated in, or which receive revenues in, non-U.S. currencies are subject to this risk.

 

Emerging Markets Risk

 

To the extent that a Fund invests in issuers located in emerging markets, the risk of loss may be heightened by political changes and changes in taxation or currency controls that could adversely affect the values of these investments. Emerging markets have been more volatile than the markets of developed countries with more mature economies.

 

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Managed Portfolio Risk

 

As an actively managed portfolio, the value of each Fund’s investments could decline because the financial condition of an issuer may change (due to such factors as management performance, reduced demand or overall market changes), financial markets may fluctuate or overall prices may decline, or the Adviser’s investment techniques could fail to achieve a Fund’s investment objective.

 

What are the Non-Principal Risks of Investing in Each Fund?

 

Exchange Traded Funds Risk

 

Each Fund’s investment in ETFs that are financially leveraged may create an opportunity for greater total return on its investment, but at the same time may be expected to exhibit more volatility in market price and net asset value than an investment in shares of investment companies without a leveraged capital structure. In addition, due to the compounding of daily returns, leveraged ETFs might not track their intended benchmark over longer periods of time.

 

Credit Risk

 

The companies in which a Fund may invest may have their credit rating downgraded, fail financially or be unwilling or unable to make timely payments of interest or principal, thereby reducing the value of the Fund’s portfolio and its income.

 

Liquidity and Valuation Risk

 

Because the Funds are non-diversified under the 1940 Act, the Funds are permitted to take relatively large ownership positions in some companies, and Vulcan may purchase the same security for more than one Fund as well as Vulcan’s separately managed account clients. It is possible that a Fund, or more than one Fund in combination with Vulcan’s separately managed account clients, may own more than 5% of a company’s equity securities and may own up to 15% or more of some companies, though each Fund is limited to no more than 10% of any company. Depending on market conditions and trading volume, disposing of such holdings could be more difficult than if the Funds and Vulcan’s other clients owned a smaller amount. Because selling a large position may take longer, a Fund may be more susceptible to price fluctuations. The Funds’ SAI contains more information about the diversification tests and concentration limits with respect to the companies in which each Fund may invest.

 

In addition, certain of each Fund’s, and in particular, the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund’s, investments may be exposed to liquidity risk due to low trading volume, lack of a market maker or legal restrictions limiting the ability of the Fund to sell particular securities at an advantageous price and/or time. As a result, these securities may be more difficult to value. Securities that involve substantial interest rate or credit risk tend to involve greater liquidity risk. In addition, liquidity and valuation risk tends to increase to the extent the Fund invests in securities whose sale may be restricted by law or by contract, such as Rule 144A securities and foreign securities, particularly those of issuers located in emerging markets.

 

Leverage Risk

 

Leverage occurs when a Fund increases its assets available for investment through borrowings or similar transactions. In accordance with the Fund’s investment policy, the Fund may engage in transactions that create leverage, including, but not limited to, borrowing money from banks to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, only for purposes of meeting short term cash flow needs for redemptions only, not for investment or other purposes. A Fund’s use of leverage may result in risks and can magnify the effect of any gains or losses, causing the Fund to be more volatile than if it had not been leveraged.

 

Cybersecurity Risk

 

In connection with the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, a Fund may be susceptible to operational, information security and related risks due to the possibility of cyber-attacks or other incidents. Cyber incidents may result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, infection by computer viruses or other malicious software code, gaining unauthorized access to systems, networks or devices that are used to service a Fund’s operations through hacking or other means for the purpose of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks (which can make a website unavailable) on a Funds’ website. In addition, authorized persons could inadvertently or intentionally release confidential or proprietary information stored on a Fund’s systems.

 

Cybersecurity failures or breaches by a Fund’s third-party service providers (including, but not limited to, the Adviser, distributor, custodian, transfer agent and financial intermediaries) may cause disruptions and impact the

 

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PROSPECTUS August 31, 2019

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND
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service providers’ and a Fund’s business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business and the mutual funds to process transactions, inability to calculate a Fund’s net asset value, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs and/or additional compliance costs. A Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of successful cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, a Fund or its third-party service providers.

 

A Fund may incur substantial costs to prevent or address cyber incidents in the future. In addition, there is a possibility that certain risks have not been adequately identified or prepared for. Furthermore, a Fund cannot directly control any cyber security plans and systems put in place by third party service providers. Cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which a Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause a Fund’s investment in such securities to lose value.

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

The Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio securities are described in the Funds’ SAI.

 

Management

 

Vulcan Value Partners, LLC (“Vulcan” or the “Adviser”), subject to the authority of the Board, is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Funds’ business affairs and is engaged to manage the investments of each of the Funds in accordance with its investment objective, policies and limitations and investment guidelines established by the Adviser and the Board. Formed in 2007, Vulcan managed approximately $12.6 billion in client assets at June 30, 2019 and is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser. The Adviser’s principal address is Three Protective Center, 2801 Highway 280 South, Suite 300, Birmingham, AL 35223.

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Vulcan Value Partners Fund and the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund pay the Adviser an annual management fee of 1.00% and 1.15%, respectively, based on the Fund’s average daily net assets. The management fee is paid on a monthly basis.

 

During the most recent fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, each Fund paid the following annual advisory fee as a percentage of daily net assets (net of waivers) to the Fund’s investment advisor. Daily investment decisions are made by the portfolio manager to the Funds, whose investment experience is described below under the heading “Portfolio Managers.”

 

Fund

TOTAL ANNUAL
ADVISORY FEE (AS
A PERCENTAGE OF
DAILY NET ASSETS)

ANNUAL ADVISORY
FEE TO INVESTMENT
ADVISER (AS A
PERCENTAGE OF
DAILY NET ASSETS)

Vulcan Value Partners Fund

1.15%

1.15%

Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund

1.00%

0.99%

 

The current term of the Advisory Agreement is one year. The Board may extend the Advisory Agreement for additional one-year terms. The Board, shareholders of the Funds or the Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ notice. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the renewal of the Funds’ Advisory Agreement is provided in the Funds’ annual report to shareholders for the period ending April 30, 2019.

 

The Adviser has contractually agreed to limit the Funds’ total annual fund operating expenses (exclusive of Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expense, taxes and extraordinary expenses) with respect to Investor Class shares to 1.25% of each of the Fund’s average daily net assets. In addition, the Adviser has contractually agreed to limit the Funds’ total annual fund operating expenses (exclusive of Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expense, taxes and extraordinary expenses) with respect to Institutional Class shares to 0.85% and 1.00% of each of the Vulcan Value Partners Fund’s and the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund’s average daily net assets, respectively. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through this agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) to the extent that the Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after

 

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the date on which the fees or expenses were deferred. The Adviser may not discontinue or modify this waiver prior to August 31, 2020 without the approval by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

The Portfolio Manager

 

The portfolio manager is primarily responsible for the day-to-day operation of each Fund and has served as the applicable Fund’s portfolio manager since that Fund’s inception in December 2009. More information about the portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the portfolio manager’s ownership of securities in each Fund is included in the SAI.

 

C.T. Fitzpatrick. Mr. Fitzpatrick, as the Chief Investment Officer of Vulcan and the portfolio manager for each Fund, leads Vulcan’s research team, which is responsible for stock selection. As the Funds’ sole portfolio manager, Mr. Fitzpatrick has discretion over each Fund’s assets and exercises final investment decision-making for each Fund. In addition, Mr. Fitzpatrick oversees the structuring of portfolios for consistency with each Fund’s guidelines and regulatory requirements. Mr. Fitzpatrick is the Founder of Vulcan and has been the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of Vulcan since 2007. Prior to founding Vulcan in 2007, Mr. Fitzpatrick was a principal and portfolio manager at Southeastern Asset Management from 1990 to 2007.

 

Team Approach. Although each of the Funds has a single portfolio manager, day-to-day management of the portfolios is a team effort, requiring the involvement of Vulcan’s full research staff as well as administrative support. Each member of the research team is encouraged to produce ideas for any portfolio in any industry, limited only by the parameters of the Funds’ and Vulcan’s investment criteria. Once an idea is generated, it is reviewed and analyzed by the full research team for qualification under Vulcan’s investment criteria. This team approach reinforces Vulcan’s disciplines, as it requires each team member to participate in the analysis and evaluation of each potential investment. Once an idea has qualified for investment, the research team recommends to Mr. Fitzpatrick which model portfolio to assign the investment to and in what amount. To monitor individual client guidelines, regulatory requirements, cash movements and progress regarding purchases and sales of securities, the research team works with Vulcan’s trading, legal, accounting, compliance and client service functions. The research team receives regular reports from each of these departments to facilitate day-to-day management of portfolios, and to ensure that investment decisions are consistent with investment mandates and regulatory requirements.

 

Administrator, Distributor and Transfer Agent

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. serves as the Funds’ administrator, fund accounting agent and transfer agent, and ALPS Distributors, Inc. (“ADI” or the “Distributor”) serves as the Funds’ distributor.

 

Buying, Exchanging and Redeeming Shares

 

Classes of Shares

 

Each Fund currently offers two classes of shares: Investor Class and Institutional Class shares.

 

Types of Account Ownership

 

Please refer to www.vulcanvaluepartners.com or an account application for specific requirements to open and maintain an account.

 

Individual or Joint Ownership

 

Individual accounts are owned by one person. Joint accounts have two or more owners.

 

Trust

 

An established trust can open an account. The names of each trustee, the name of the trust and the date of the trust agreement must be included on the application.

 

Business Accounts

 

Corporations and partnerships may also open an account. The application must be signed by an authorized officer of the corporation or a general partner of the partnership.

 

Tax-Advantaged Accounts

 

Please refer to the account application for specific requirements to open and maintain an account. Certain tax-advantaged accounts can only be opened and maintained via written request. Please contact an ALPS representative for more information.

 

If you are eligible, you may set up one or more tax-advantaged accounts. A tax advantaged account allows you to shield your investment income and capital gains from current income taxes. Subject to restrictions, a tax-advantaged account may either allow you to currently deduct amounts contributed to such accounts or allow

 

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PROSPECTUS August 31, 2019

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND
VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND

 

you to receive tax-free distributions. The types of tax-advantaged accounts that may be opened with ALPS are described below. Investors should consult their tax adviser or legal counsel before selecting a tax-advantaged account.

 

Investing for Your Retirement

 

Please visit www.vulcanvaluepartners.com or call an ALPS representative for more complete information regarding the different types of IRAs available. Distributions from these plans may be subject to income tax and generally to an additional tax if withdrawn prior to age 59-1/2 or used for a nonqualifying purpose.

 

Traditional and Roth IRAs

 

Both types of IRAs allow most individuals with earned income to contribute up to the lesser of $6,000 (for 2019) or 100% of compensation. IRA holders age 50 or older may contribute an additional $1,000.

 

Simplified Employee Pension (“SEP”) IRA

 

This plan allows self-employed individuals and small business owners (including sole proprietors) to make tax deductible contributions for themselves and any eligible employee(s). A SEP requires an IRA (a “SEP-IRA”) to be set up for each SEP participant.

 

Investment Minimums

 

The minimum investment to open a regular account in Investor Class shares of either Fund is $5,000. The minimum investment to open a Coverdell Education Savings Account or a retirement Fund account in Investor Class shares is $500. The subsequent investment minimum for any type of account in Investor Class shares is $500. The minimum investment to open any type of account in Institutional Class shares is $1 million. The subsequent investment minimum for any type of account in Institutional Class shares is $5,000.

 

Each Fund reserves the right to waive or change minimum and additional investment amounts. For accounts sold through financial intermediaries, it is the primary responsibility of the financial intermediary to ensure compliance with investment minimums. Employees of Vulcan Value Partners are not subject to any initial or subsequent investment minimums.

 

Buying Shares

 

Effective as of the close of business on November 29, 2013 and June 1, 2015, the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund and the Vulcan Value Partners Fund, respectively, (the “Vulcan Funds”) are closed to new investors, except for new investors who are employees of the Adviser and as described below. This change will affect new investors seeking to purchase shares of the Vulcan Funds either directly or through third party intermediaries. Existing shareholders of the Vulcan Funds may continue to purchase additional shares of the Vulcan Funds.

 

A financial advisor whose clients have established accounts in the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund as of November 29, 2013 or the Vulcan Value Partners Fund as of June 1, 2015 may continue to open new accounts in the Vulcan Funds for any of its existing or new clients.

 

Existing or new participants in a qualified retirement plan, such as a 401(k) plan, profit sharing plan, 403(b) plan or 457 plan, which has an existing position in the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund as of November 29, 2013 or the Vulcan Value Partners Fund as of June 1, 2015, may continue to open new accounts in the Vulcan Funds. In addition, if such qualified retirement plans have a related retirement plan formed in the future, this plan may also open new accounts in the Vulcan Funds.

 

The Vulcan Funds retain the right to make exceptions to any action taken to close the Vulcan Funds or limit inflows into the Vulcan Funds.

 

Certain tax-advantaged accounts can only be opened and maintained via written request. Please contact an ALPS representative for more information.

 

Online at www.vulcanvaluepartners.com

 

You may open a new Fund account, or you may buy shares in an existing Fund account. You may elect to have ALPS electronically withdraw funds from your designated bank account. A real-time confirmation of your transaction will be provided via www.vulcanvaluepartners.com.

 

By Telephone

 

For an existing account, you may call 877.421.5078 to buy shares 24 hours a day or you may call an ALPS representative during normal business hours. ALPS will electronically withdraw funds from your designated bank account.

 

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You may also buy shares by wiring money from your bank account to your Fund account. For wiring instructions, call an ALPS representative.

 

By Mail/In Writing

 

To open your Fund account, complete and sign the appropriate application. Make your check payable to the Fund(s) or elect a one-time electronic withdrawal from your bank account as noted on the appropriate application.

 

To buy additional shares, send your check and written instructions to the address listed below. If you are making a purchase into a retirement account, please indicate whether the purchase is a rollover or a current or prior year contribution.

 

Regular Mail:
Vulcan Value Partners Fund
or Vulcan Value Partners
Small Cap Fund
PO Box 1236
Denver, CO 80201

Overnight Address:
Vulcan Value Partners Fund
or Vulcan Value Partners
Small Cap Fund
1290 Broadway, Suite 1100
Denver, CO 80203

 

The Funds do not consider the US Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be their agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services, or receipt at the Vulcan Value Partners Funds’ post office box, of purchase orders or redemption requests does not constitute receipt by the Funds.

 

By Automated Investments

 

To buy additional shares through the Automatic Investment Program, you select the frequency with which your money ($500 minimum) will be electronically transferred from your bank account to your Fund account. Certain tax-advantaged accounts are not eligible for automated investments.

 

When purchasing shares through the Automatic Investment Program, if no date or dollar amount is specified on your application, investments of $500 will be made on the 20th of each month. Your first automatic investment may take up to two weeks to establish. If the balance in the account you are buying into falls to zero as the result of a redemption or exchange, your Automatic Investment Program will be discontinued.

 

We may make additional attempts to debit your pre-designated bank account for automated investments that initially fail. You are liable for any costs associated with these additional attempts. If your automated investment fails, you may purchase shares of the Funds by resubmitting your purchase, accompanied by good funds via another method accepted by the Funds (e.g., by wire transfer). In this case, your resubmitted purchase will be processed at the next NAV determined after we receive your resubmitted purchase order accompanied by good funds, not at the NAV available as of the date of the original request.

 

In order to buy, redeem or exchange shares at that day’s price, you must place your order with a Fund or its agent before the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) closes (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time). If the NYSE closes early, you must place your order prior to the actual closing time. Orders received by financial intermediaries prior to the close of trading on the NYSE will be confirmed at the offering price computed as of the close of the trading on the NYSE. It is the responsibility of the financial intermediary to insure that all orders are transmitted in a timely manner to the Fund. Otherwise, you will receive the next business day’s price.

 

You may purchase or sell Fund shares through a broker-dealer, bank or other financial institution, or an organization that provides record keeping and consulting services to 401(k) plans or other employee benefit plans (an “Intermediary”). Intermediaries may charge you a fee for this service and may require different minimum initial and subsequent investments than the Funds. Intermediaries may also impose other charges or restrictions different from those applicable to shareholders who invest in the Funds directly. Therefore, it may cost more for you to purchase shares through an Intermediary than to purchase shares directly from the Funds. An Intermediary, rather than you as its customer, may be the shareholder of record of your shares. In general, purchase or redemption requests made through an Intermediary will be priced based on the net asset value next calculated after receipt of the request by the Intermediary, even if the Intermediary submits such requests to the Funds after such net asset value has been calculated. The Funds are not responsible for the failure of any Intermediary to carry out its obligations to its customers. Contact your financial intermediary or refer to your plan documents for instructions on how to purchase, exchange or redeem shares.

 

Investors may be charged a fee if they effect transactions through broker or agent. The Funds have authorized one or more brokers to receive on their behalf purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on a Fund’s behalf. A Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s

 

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PROSPECTUS August 31, 2019

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND
VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND

 

authorized designee, receives the order. Customer orders will be priced at a Fund’s Net Asset Value next computed after they are received by an authorized broker or the broker’s authorized designee.

 

The Funds will generally accept purchases only in US dollars drawn from US financial institutions. Cashier’s checks, third party checks, money orders, credit card convenience checks, cash or equivalents or payments in foreign currencies are not acceptable forms of payment. You may also contact the Funds to request a purchase of Fund shares using securities you own. The Funds reserve the right to refuse or accept such requests in whole or in part.

 

With certain limited exceptions, the Funds are available only to U.S. citizens or residents.

 

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

 

The Adviser and/or its affiliates may enter into arrangements to make payments for additional activities to select financial intermediaries intended to result in the sale of Fund shares and/or other shareholder servicing activities out of the Adviser’s own resources (which may include profits from providing advisory services to each Fund). These payments are often referred to as “revenue sharing payments” and the revenue sharing payment amounts generally vary by financial intermediary. The aggregate amount of the revenue sharing payments are determined by the Adviser and may be substantial. Revenue sharing payments create no additional cost to each Fund or its applicable shareholders.

 

Revenue sharing payments may create an incentive for a financial intermediary or its employees or associated persons to recommend or sell shares of each Fund to you, rather than shares of another mutual fund. Please contact your financial intermediary’s investment professional for details about revenue sharing payments it may be receiving.

 

Networking, Sub-Accounting and Administrative Fees

 

Select financial intermediaries may enter into arrangements with each Fund, or its designees, to perform certain networking, recordkeeping, sub-accounting and/or administrative services for shareholders of each Fund. These actives are routinely processed through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s Fund/SERV and Trust Networking systems or similar systems. In consideration for providing these services in an automated environment, such financial intermediaries may receive compensation from each Fund. Any such compensation by each Fund to these select financial intermediaries for the aforementioned services is in addition to, and distinct from any distribution related services, if applicable, provided to the applicable Fund shareholders.

 

Exchanging Shares

 

If you have held all or part of your shares in a Fund for at least seven days, you may exchange those shares for shares of the other Fund if such Fund is available for sale in your state and meets the investment criteria of the investor.

 

If you are an existing shareholder of either Fund, you may exchange into a new account copying your existing account registration and options. Exchanges between accounts will be accepted only if registrations are identical.

 

You may also transfer between classes of a Fund if you meet the minimum investment requirements for the class into which you would like to transfer.

 

An exchange represents the sale of shares from one fund and the purchase of shares of another fund. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, this may produce a taxable gain or loss in your non-tax-advantaged account. Transfers between classes of the same Fund are generally not considered a taxable transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but may result in tax reporting obligations.

 

Online at www.vulcanvaluepartners.com

 

Exchanges may be made online via www.vulcanvaluepartners.com. A real-time confirmation of your transaction will be provided via www.vulcanvaluepartners.com.

 

By Telephone

 

For an existing account, you may exchange shares by calling 877.421.5078 during normal business hours.

 

By Systematic Exchange

 

You determine the amount of money you would like automatically exchanged from one Fund account to another on any day of the month. Exchanges between existing Fund accounts must meet the $500 subsequent investment requirement. For Systematic Exchanges, if no date is specified on your request, systematic exchanges will be made on the 20th of each month. If the balance in the Fund account you are exchanging from falls below the Systematic Exchange amount, all remaining shares will be exchanged and your Systematic Exchange Program will be discontinued.

 

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Exchanges must meet the minimum investment requirements described in this Prospectus.

 

An exchange represents the sale of shares from one Fund and the purchase of shares of the other Fund. This may produce a taxable gain or loss in your non-tax-advantaged account. If you exchange shares within 90 calendar days from their date of purchase, you may be subject to the redemption fee as described in this Prospectus in “Redemption Fees” below.

 

The exchange privilege may be modified or terminated upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to shareholders. Although initially there will be no limit on the number of times you may exercise the exchange privilege, each Fund reserves the right to impose such a limitation. Call or write the Funds for further details.

 

Redeeming Shares

 

It is anticipated that a Fund will meet redemption requests through the sale of portfolio assets or from its holdings in cash or cash equivalents. A Fund may use the proceeds from the sale of portfolio assets to meet redemption requests if consistent with the management of the Fund. These redemption methods will be used regularly and may also be used in stressed or abnormal market conditions, including circumstances adversely affecting the liquidity of a Fund’s investments, in which case a Fund may be more likely to be forced to sell its holdings to meet redemptions than under normal market conditions. Each Fund reserves the right to redeem in kind. Redemptions in kind typically are used to meet redemption requests that represent a large percentage of a Fund’s net assets in order to limit the impact of a large redemption on the Fund and its remaining shareholders. Redemptions in kind may be used in normal as well as in stressed market conditions. A Fund may also borrow, or draw on lines of credit that may be available to the Fund individually or to the Trust, in order to meet redemption requests during stressed market conditions. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund is limited as to the amount that it may borrow and accordingly, borrowings (including those made under a line of credit) might be insufficient to meet redemption requests.

 

In most situations where a Fund distributes securities to meet a redemption request, the Fund expects to distribute a pro rata slice of the Fund’s portfolio securities, subject to certain limitations relating to odd-lot amounts of securities and securities subject to transfer restrictions. Each Fund reserves the right, however, to distribute individual securities (which may not be representative of the portfolio as a whole) in consultation with, or at the recommendation of, the Adviser.

 

Online at www.vulcanvaluepartners.com

 

Redemptions may be made online via www.vulcanvaluepartners.com.

 

By Telephone

 

For an existing account, you may call 877.421.5078 during normal business hours.

 

By Mail/In Writing

 

To redeem shares by mail, please send written instructions to the address listed below. Please call an ALPS representative for further details.

 

Regular Mail:
Vulcan Value Partners Fund
or Vulcan Value Partners
Small Cap Fund
PO Box 1236
Denver, CO 80201

Overnight Address:
Vulcan Value Partners Fund
or Vulcan Value Partners
Small Cap Fund
1290 Broadway, Suite 1100
Denver, CO 80203

 

The Funds do not consider the US Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be their agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services, or receipt at the Vulcan Value Partners Funds’ post office box, of purchase orders or redemption requests does not constitute receipt by the Funds.

 

By Systematic Redemption

 

This program allows you to sell shares worth a specific dollar amount from your Fund account on a regular basis. In order to establish a systematic redemption, your Fund account balance must be at least $10,000 and the minimum redemption amount must be $500. If no date is specified on your request, systematic redemptions will be made on or about the 20th of each month. If the balance in the Fund account you are selling from falls to zero, your Systematic Redemption Program will be discontinued.

 

Redemptions, like purchases and exchanges, may also be effected through retirement plans, broker-dealers and financial intermediaries. Please contact your financial intermediary or refer to the appropriate plan documents for details. Your financial intermediary may charge a processing or service fee in connection with the redemption of shares.

 

Redemption Payments

 

In all cases, your redemption price is the net asset value per share next determined after your request is received in good order less any applicable redemption fees.

 

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PROSPECTUS August 31, 2019

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND
VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND

 

Redemption proceeds normally will be sent within seven days. However, if you recently purchased your shares by check, your redemption proceeds will not be sent to you until your original check clears, which may take up to 10 days. Your redemption proceeds can be sent by check to your address of record or by wire transfer to a bank account designated on your application. Your bank may charge you a fee for wire transfers. Any request that your redemption proceeds be sent to a destination other than your bank account or address of record must be in writing and must include a signature guarantee.

 

The Fund is not responsible for losses or fees resulting from posting delays or non-receipt of redemption payments at your bank when shareholder payment instructions are followed.

 

Redemptions In-Kind

 

Each Fund reserves the right to make payment in securities rather than cash. If a Fund deems it advisable for the benefit of all shareholders that a redemption payment wholly or partly in-kind would be in the best interests of the Fund’s remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay redemption proceeds to you in whole or in part with securities held by the Fund. A redemption in-kind could occur under extraordinary circumstances, such as a very large redemption that could affect a Fund’s operations (for example, more than 1% of the Fund’s net assets). However, the Fund is required to redeem shares solely for cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the NAV of the Fund during any 90-day period for any one shareholder. Should redemptions by any shareholder exceed such limitation, the Fund will have the option of redeeming the excess in cash or in-kind. Securities used to redeem Fund shares will be valued as described in “SHARE TRANSACTIONS – How Fund Shares are Priced” below. A shareholder may pay brokerage charges on the sale of any securities received as a result of a redemption in-kind.

 

Redemption Fees

 

If you sell or exchange your shares after holding them 90 days or less, a 2% short-term redemption fee may be deducted from the redemption amount. For this purpose, shares held longest will be treated as being redeemed first and shares held shortest as being redeemed last. The fees are paid to the Fund and are designed to help offset the brokerage commissions, market impact and other costs associated with short-term shareholder trading.

 

The short-term redemption fee does not apply to: (i) redemptions of shares acquired by reinvesting dividends and distributions; (ii) rollovers, transfers and changes of account registration within the Fund as long as the money never leaves the Fund; and (iii) redemptions in-kind.

 

Each Fund also permits waivers of the short-term redemption fee for the following transactions:

 

Redemptions due to small balance maintenance fees;

 

Redemptions related to death or due to a divorce decree;

 

Certain types of IRA account transactions, including redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, required minimum distributions, withdrawals due to disability or death, return of excess contribution amounts, and redemptions related to payment of custodian fees; and

 

Certain types of employer-sponsored and 403(b) retirement plan transactions, including loans or hardship withdrawals, minimum required distributions, redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, forfeiture of assets, return of excess contribution amounts, redemptions related to payment of plan fees, and redemptions related to death, disability or qualified domestic relations order.

 

The application of short-term redemption fees and waivers may vary among intermediaries and certain intermediaries may not apply the waivers listed above. If you purchase, exchange or sell Fund shares through an intermediary, you should contact your intermediary for more information on whether the short-term redemption fee will be applied to redemptions of your shares.

 

Each Fund reserves the right to modify or eliminate the short-term redemption fee or waivers at any time. Investment advisers or their affiliates may pay short-term redemption fees on behalf of investors in managed accounts. Unitized group accounts consisting of qualified plan assets may be treated as a single account for redemption fee purposes.

 

Note: Each Fund has the right to suspend or postpone redemptions of shares for any period: (i) during which the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (ii) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; or (iii) during which (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or as otherwise permitted by the SEC.

 

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Medallion Signature Guarantee

 

A medallion signature guarantee is required if any of the following is applicable:

 

You request a redemption above $50,000.

 

You would like a check made payable to anyone other than the shareholder(s) of record.

 

You would like a check mailed to an address that has been changed within 10 days of the redemption request.

 

You would like a check mailed to an address other than the address of record.

 

You would like your redemption proceeds sent to a bank account other than a bank account of record.

 

The Funds reserve the right to require a medallion signature guarantee under other circumstances or to reject or delay a redemption on certain legal grounds.

 

A medallion signature guarantee may be refused if any of the following is applicable:

 

It does not appear valid or in good form.

 

The transaction amount exceeds the surety bond limit of the signature guarantee.

 

The guarantee stamp has been reported as stolen, missing or counterfeit.

 

How to Obtain a Medallion Signature Guarantee

 

A medallion signature guarantee assures that a signature is genuine. The medallion signature guarantee protects shareholders from unauthorized account transfers. The following financial institutions may guarantee signatures: banks, savings and loan associations, trust companies, credit unions, broker-dealers and member firms of a national securities exchange. Call your financial institution to see if they have the ability to guarantee a signature. A signature guarantee cannot be provided by a notary public. If you live outside the United States, a foreign bank properly authorized to do business in your country of residence or a U.S. consulate may be able to authenticate your signature.

 

Share Transactions

 

Small Account Balances/Mandatory Redemptions

 

Neither Fund currently imposes an account minimum. Each Fund may adopt other policies from time to time requiring mandatory redemption of shares in certain circumstances, such as to comply with new regulatory requirements.

 

Share Certificates

 

Neither Fund issues share certificates.

 

Verification of Shareholder Transaction Statements

 

You must contact the Fund in writing regarding any errors or discrepancies within 60 days after the date of the statement confirming a transaction. The Fund may deny your ability to refute a transaction if it does not hear from you within 60 days after the confirmation statement date.

 

Non-receipt of Purchase Wire/Insufficient Funds Policy

 

The Funds reserve the right to cancel a purchase if payment if the check or electronic funds transfer does not clear your bank, or if a wire is not received by settlement date. A Fund may charge a fee for insufficient funds and you may be responsible for any fees imposed by your bank and any losses that the Fund may incur as a result of the canceled purchase.

 

Frequent Purchases and Sales of Fund Shares

 

Neither Fund permits market timing or other abusive trading practices. Each Fund reserves the right, but does not have the obligation, to reject any purchase or exchange transaction at any time. In addition, each Fund reserves the right to suspend its offering of shares or to impose restrictions on purchases or exchanges at any time that are more restrictive than those that are otherwise stated in this Prospectus with respect to disruptive, excessive or short-term trading.

 

Excessive short-term trading or other abusive trading practices may disrupt portfolio management strategies, increase brokerage and administrative costs and hurt Fund performance. Each Fund maintains a 2% short-term redemption fee applied to sales or exchanges of shares held 90 days or less.

 

The Board has adopted policies and procedures designed to deter frequent purchases, exchanges and redemptions and to seek to prevent market timing. To minimize harm to a Fund and its shareholders, each Fund reserves the right to reject, in its sole discretion, any purchase order from any investor it believes has a history of abusive trading or whose trading, in its judgment, has been or may be disruptive to the Fund. Each Fund may also refuse purchase and exchange transactions from Fund intermediaries it believes may be facilitating or have facilitated abusive trading practices. In making this judgment, a Fund may consider trading done in multiple accounts under common ownership or control.

 

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PROSPECTUS August 31, 2019

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND
VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND

 

On a periodic basis, the Transfer Agent will review transaction history reports and will identify redemptions that are within a specific time period from a previous purchase, exchanges in the same account(s) in a Fund, or in multiple accounts that are known to be under common control. Redemptions meeting the criteria will be investigated for possible inappropriate trading.

 

Certain accounts, in particular omnibus accounts, include multiple investors and such accounts typically provide each Fund with a net purchase or redemption request on any given day. In these cases, purchases, exchanges and redemptions of Fund shares are netted against one another and the identity of individual purchasers and redeemers whose orders are aggregated may not be known by the Fund. Therefore, it becomes more difficult for the Fund to identify market timing or other abusive trading activities in these accounts, and the Fund may be unable to eliminate abusive traders in these accounts from the Fund. Further, identification of abusive traders may also be limited by operational systems and technical limitations. To the extent abusive or disruptive trading is identified, each Fund will encourage omnibus account intermediaries to address such trading activity in a manner consistent with how the Fund would address such activity directly, if it were able to do so.

 

Due to the complexity and subjectivity involved in identifying market timing and other abusive trading practices, there can be no assurance that a Fund’s efforts will identify all market timing or abusive trading activities. Therefore, investors should not assume that a Fund will be able to detect or prevent all practices that may disadvantage the Fund.

 

How Fund Shares are Priced

 

The Board has approved procedures to be used to value each Fund’s securities for the purposes of determining the Funds’ NAV. The valuation of the securities of each Fund is determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Board. The Board has delegated certain valuation functions for each Fund to the Administrator.

 

Each Fund generally values its securities based on market prices determined at the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time) on each business day (Monday through Friday). Each Fund will not value its securities on any day that the NYSE is closed, including the following observed holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. Each Fund’s currency valuations, if any, are done as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. For equity securities that are traded on an exchange, the market price is usually the closing sale or official closing price on that exchange. In the case of securities not traded on an exchange, or if such closing prices are not otherwise available, the market price is typically determined by independent third party pricing vendors approved by the Funds’ Board using a variety of pricing techniques and methodologies. The market price for debt obligations (including short-term debt obligations that will mature in 60 days or less) is generally the price supplied by an independent third-party pricing service approved by the Funds’ Board, which may use a matrix, formula or other objective method that takes into consideration market indices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. In certain circumstances, bid and ask prices may be obtained from (i) a broker/dealer specified and deemed reliable by the Adviser, (ii) pink sheets, yellow sheets or the blue list, or (iii) a pricing agent that obtains quotations from broker/dealers or evaluates the value of the respective bid and ask prices. If vendors are unable to supply a price, or if the price supplied is deemed to be unreliable, the market price may be determined using quotations received from one or more brokers/dealers that make a market in the security.

 

When such prices or quotations are not available, or when the Adviser believes that they are unreliable, securities may be priced using fair value procedures approved by the Board. Because each Fund invests in securities that may be thinly traded or for which market quotations may not be readily available or may be unreliable (such as securities of small capitalization companies), the Funds may use fair valuation procedures more frequently than funds that invest primarily in securities that are more liquid (such as equity securities of large capitalization domestic issuers). Each Fund may also use fair value procedures if the Adviser determines that a significant event has occurred between the time at which a market price is determined and the time at which the Fund’s NAV is calculated. In particular, the value of non-U.S. securities may be materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which they are traded, but before the Fund prices its shares.

 

Each Fund may determine the fair value of investments based on information provided by pricing services and other third-party vendors, which may recommend fair value prices or adjustments with reference to other securities, indices or assets. In considering whether fair value pricing is required and in determining fair values, a Fund may, among other things, consider significant events (which may be considered to include changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that

 

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VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND
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occur after the close of the relevant market and before a Fund values its securities. In addition, the Funds may utilize modeling tools provided by third-party vendors to determine fair values of non-U.S. securities. A Fund’s use of fair value pricing may help deter “stale price arbitrage.”

 

Valuing securities at fair value involves greater reliance on judgment than valuation of securities based on readily available market quotations. A fund that uses fair value to price securities may value those securities higher or lower than another fund using market quotations or its own fair value methodologies to price the same securities. There can be no assurance that a Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV.

 

Each Fund invests, or may invest, in securities that are traded on foreign exchanges or markets, which may be open when the NYSE is closed. As a result, the value of your investment in a Fund may change on days when you are unable to purchase or redeem shares.

 

Customer Identification Program

 

To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires the Funds’ Transfer Agent to obtain certain personal information from you (or persons acting on your behalf) in order to verify your (or such person’s) identity when you open an account, including name, address, date of birth and other information (which may include certain documents) that will allow the Transfer Agent to verify your identity. If this information is not provided, the Transfer Agent may not be able to open your account. If the Transfer Agent is unable to verify your identity (or that of another person authorized to act on your behalf) shortly after your account is opened, or believes it has identified potentially criminal activity, the Funds, the Distributor and the Transfer Agent each reserve the right to reject further purchase orders from you or to take such other action as they deem reasonable or required by law, including closing your account and redeeming your shares at their NAV at the time of redemption.

 

Effective May 11, 2018, if you are opening an account in the name of a legal entity (e.g., a partnership, business trust, limited liability company, corporation, etc.), you may be required to supply the identity of the beneficial owner or controlling person(s) of the legal entity prior to the opening of your account. The Fund may request additional information about you (which may include certain documents, such as articles of incorporation for companies) to help the Transfer Agent verify your identity.

 

Dividends and Distributions

 

Each Fund normally pays dividends and distributes capital gains, if any, on an annual basis.

 

Income dividend distributions are derived from interest and other income each Fund receives from its investments and include distributions of short-term capital gains. Capital gain distributions are derived from gains realized when the Fund sells a security it has owned for more than a year.

 

Each Fund may make additional distributions and dividends at other times if the Adviser believes doing so may be necessary for the Fund to avoid or reduce taxes. Distributions and dividends are reinvested in additional Fund shares unless you instruct the Transfer Agent to have your distributions and/or dividends paid by check mailed to the address of record or transferred through an Automated Clearing House to the bank of your choice. You can change your choice at any time to be effective as of the next distribution or dividend, except that any change given to the Transfer Agent less than five days before the payment date will not be effective until the next distribution or dividend is made. Distribution checks will only be issued for payments greater than $25.00. Distributions will automatically be reinvested in shares of the Fund(s) generating the distribution if under $25.00. Un-cashed distribution checks will be canceled and proceeds reinvested at the then current net asset value, for any shareholder who chooses to receive distributions in cash, if distribution checks: (1) are returned and marked as “undeliverable” or (2) remain un-cashed for six months after the date of issuance. If distribution checks are canceled and reinvested, your account election may also be changed so that all future distributions are reinvested rather than paid in cash. Interest will not accrue on uncashed distribution checks.

 

Taxes

 

The discussion below only addresses the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Funds for U.S. persons and does not address any foreign, state, or local tax consequences. For purposes of this discussion, U.S. persons are:

 

(i)

U.S. citizens or residents;

 

(ii)

U.S. corporations;

 

(iii)

an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

(iv)

a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all

 

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PROSPECTUS August 31, 2019

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND
VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND

 

of its substantial decisions, or certain electing trusts that were in existence on August 20, 1996, and were treated as domestic trusts on August 19, 1996.

 

This discussion does not address issues of significance to U.S. persons in special situations such as: (i) certain types of tax-exempt organizations, (ii) shareholders holding shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plan accounts or individual retirement accounts), (iii) shareholders holding investments through foreign institutions (financial and non-financial), (iv) financial institutions, (v) broker-dealers, (vi) entities not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, (vii) shareholders holding shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction, and (viii) shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax. If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. For further information regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Funds, investors should see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Taxation of the Funds.”

 

Non-U.S. persons that are considering the purchase of shares should consult with their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares in the Funds.

 

The Funds intends to meet all requirements under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) necessary to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) and thus do not expect to pay any U.S. federal income tax on income and capital gains distributed to shareholders. The Funds also intend to meet certain distribution requirements such that the Funds are not subject to U.S. federal income tax in general. Shareholders in each Fund will receive a statement (Form 1099-DIV) annually informing them of the amount of the income and capital gains which have been distributed by such Fund during the calendar year. This discussion is based on the assumption that the Funds will qualify under Subchapter M of the Code as RICs and will satisfy these distribution requirements. There can be no guarantee that this assumption will be correct.

 

Taxation of Fund Distributions

 

The Funds will not be subject to federal income taxes to the extent that they distribute their net investment income and any realized capital gains. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, shareholders of RICs are generally subject to taxation based on the underlying character of the income and gain recognized by the RIC and distributed to the shareholders.

 

Distributions of net capital gains that are properly designated by a Fund as capital gain dividends (“capital gain dividends”) will be taxable to Fund shareholders as long-term capital gains. Generally, distributions of earnings derived from ordinary income and short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income. Each Fund does not expect a significant portion of its distributions to derive from “qualified dividend income,” which are taxed to non-corporate shareholders at favorable rates so long as certain requirements are met. Corporate shareholders may be able to take a dividends-received deduction for a portion of the dividends they receive from a Fund to the extent such dividends are received by the Fund from a domestic corporation and to the extent a portion of interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund are treated as dividends subject, in each case, to certain holding period requirements and debt-financing limitations.

 

Some of the Funds’ investments, such as certain option transactions and certain futures transactions, may be “section 1256 contracts.” Section 1256 are “marked to market.” Gains and losses on section 1256 contracts are generally treated as 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss (with certain exceptions).

 

Each Fund may also realize long-term capital gains when it sells or redeems a security that it has owned for more than one year and when it receives capital gain distributions from ETFs in which that Fund owns investments. Each Fund may realize short-term capital gains from the sale of investments that such Fund owned for one year or less. Each Fund may realize ordinary income from distributions from ETFs, from foreign currency gains that are not section 1256 contracts, from interest on indebtedness owned by a Fund and from other sources.

 

The maximum long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals and other noncorporate shareholders is currently 20% in addition to the 3.8% surtax on net investment income described under “Surtax on Net Investment Income,” below. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Taxation of Fund Distributions.”

 

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VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND
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Distributions of earnings are taxable whether a shareholder receives them in cash or reinvests them in additional shares. If a dividend or distribution is made shortly after a shareholder purchases shares of a Fund, while in effect a return of capital to you, the dividend or distribution is still taxable. An investor can avoid this result, by investing soon after a Fund has paid a dividend.

 

Sale or Redemption of Fund Shares

 

If a shareholder’s sells or redeems Fund shares, the shareholder will generally result in taxable gain (if positive) or loss (if negative) in an amount equal to (i) the amount realized, reduced by (ii) the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the Fund shares sold or redeemed. A shareholder who receives securities in redemption of shares of a Fund will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between (i) the aggregate fair market value of the securities received plus the amount of any cash received (net of any applicable fees), and (ii) the shareholder’s adjusted basis in the shares redeemed.

 

Any capital gain or loss realized upon the sale or redemption of shares of a Fund is generally treated as long term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for one year or less. In certain situations, a loss on the sale or redemption of shares held for six months or less will be a long-term loss. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to significant limitations.

 

Any loss realized on a sale or redemption of shares of a Fund may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent that the shares disposed of are replaced with other substantially identical shares of a Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before the shares are disposed of, such as pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in shares of a Fund. Persons redeeming shares should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether the wash sale rules apply and when such a loss might be deductible. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES –Sale or Redemption of Shares.”

 

Taxation of Certain Investments

 

A Fund’s investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding or other taxes, which would reduce the Fund’s yield on such securities. Shareholders generally will not be entitled to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes, although it is possible that a Fund may be able to elect to pass through foreign tax credits or deductions to its shareholders. In addition, each Fund’s investments in foreign securities or foreign currencies may increase or accelerate such Fund’s recognition of ordinary income and may affect the timing or amount of such Fund’s distributions. Each Fund may hold securities that are passive foreign investment companies for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Special Tax Considerations.”

 

Each Fund may at times buy debt obligations at a discount from the price at which they were originally issued (“original issue discount”), especially during periods of rising interest rates. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, any original issue discount inherent in such investments will be included in a Fund’s ordinary income when and as it accrues as required by applicable law. Even though payment of that amount may not be received until a later time, and will be subject to a risk of nonpayment, it will be distributed to shareholders as taxable dividends over the term of the instrument. Each Fund may also buy debt obligations in the secondary market which are treated as having market discount. Generally, gain recognized on the disposition of such an investment is treated as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of the accrued market discount, but each Fund may elect instead to include the amount of market discount as ordinary income over the term of the instrument even though such Fund does not receive payment of such amount at that time.

 

Each Fund’s investments in certain debt obligations, mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and derivatives may also cause such Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such obligations. Thus, the Funds could be required at times to liquidate other investments in order to satisfy their distribution requirements, potentially increasing the amount of capital gain dividends made to shareholders.

 

If a Fund invests in stock of a real-estate investment trust (a “REIT”), it may be eligible to pay “section 199A dividends” to its shareholders with respect to qualified dividends received by it from its investment in REITs. Section 199A dividends are taxable to individual and other noncorporate shareholders at a reduced effective federal income tax rate, provided that certain holding period requirements and other conditions are satisfied.

 

Surtax on Net Investment Income

 

A surtax of 3.8% applies to net investment income of a taxpayer that is an individual, trust or estate to the extent that the taxpayer recognizes gross income (as adjusted)

 

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PROSPECTUS August 31, 2019

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND
VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND

 

in excess of a certain amount for a year. Net investment income includes, among other types of income, ordinary income, dividend income and capital gain derived from an investment in a Fund. For information regarding the surtax on net investment income, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Surtax on Net Investment Income.”

 

Backup Withholding

 

The Funds are also required in certain circumstances to backup withhold on taxable dividends, redemption proceeds and certain other payments that are paid to any shareholder who does not furnish to certain information and certifications the Funds or who is otherwise subject to backup withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is 24% for tax years beginning before 2026. For more information regarding backup withholding, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Backup Withholding.”

 

Cost Basis Reporting

 

The Funds (or their administrative agents) must report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and furnish to Fund shareholders (other than shareholders who hold their shares through a tax-advantaged arrangement such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account) the cost basis information for Fund shares that are sold that were purchased on or after January 1, 2012. If a Fund shareholder does not make a timely election among the available IRS-accepted cost basis methods, the Fund will use a default cost basis method for the shareholder. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers concerning the most desirable IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situations.

 

Foreign Accounts

 

Shareholders that invest in a Fund through foreign accounts may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on: (1) income dividends paid by the Fund, and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of a sale of Fund shares. This withholding tax generally may be avoided if the financial institution that maintains the account satisfies certain registration, certification and reporting requirements. For more information regarding withholding with respect to foreign accounts, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Foreign Accounts.” Investors should also consult with their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Funds.

 

For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES.” Investors should consult with their tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Funds.

 

Financial Highlights

 

The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand each Fund’s financial performance for the fiscal years shown below. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in a Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from each Fund’s financial statements audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, whose report, along with each Fund’s financial statements, are included in the Funds’ annual report, which is available upon request by calling the Funds at 877.421.5078.

 

Because Institutional Class shares of the Funds commenced operations on May 1, 2019, this table details the financial performance of the Funds’ Investor Class shares.

 

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VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND
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Vulcan Value Partners Fund

 

For a share outstanding throughout the years presented.

 

 

 

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2016

   

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 21.39     $ 19.30     $ 17.17     $ 19.97     $ 18.20  

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment income(a)

    0.08       0.09       0.18       0.20       0.22  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    1.13       2.35       2.18       (1.51 )     2.77  

Total from investment operations

    1.21       2.44       2.36       (1.31 )     2.99  

 

                                       

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS:

                                       

From net investment income

    (0.13 )     (0.12 )     (0.23 )     (0.13 )     (0.17 )

From net realized gains on investments

    (1.42 )     (0.23 )           (1.36 )     (1.05 )

Total distributions

    (1.55 )     (0.35 )     (0.23 )     (1.49 )     (1.22 )

 

                                       

Redemption fees added to paid-in capital

    0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)

Increase/(decrease) in net asset value

    (0.34 )     2.09       2.13       (2.80 )     1.77  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF YEAR

  $ 21.05     $ 21.39     $ 19.30     $ 17.17     $ 19.97  

 

                                       

Total return

    6.80 %     12.72 %     13.85 %     (6.49 %)     16.61 %

 

                                       

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net assets, end of year (000’s)

  $ 1,284,556     $ 1,314,519     $ 1,284,669     $ 1,528,080     $ 1,770,104  

Ratio of expenses to average net assets without fee waivers/reimbursements

    1.08 %     1.08 %     1.07 %     1.08 %     1.08 %

Ratio of expenses to average net assets including fee waivers/reimbursements

    1.08 %     1.08 %     1.07 %     1.08 %     1.08 %

Net investment income to average net assets including fee waivers/reimbursements

    0.38 %     0.46 %     1.01 %     1.10 %     1.12 %

Portfolio turnover rate

    73 %     50 %     49 %     85 %     64 %

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 per share.

 

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PROSPECTUS August 31, 2019

 

 

 


VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND
VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND

 

Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund

 

For a share outstanding throughout the years presented.

 

 

 

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2018

   

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2017

   

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2016

   

For the
Year Ended
April 30, 2015

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 19.52     $ 20.16     $ 16.58     $ 18.61     $ 18.74  

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment income(a)

    0.10       0.02       0.03       0.10       0.10  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    0.38       0.59       3.61       (1.05 )     1.77  

Total from investment operations

    0.48       0.61       3.64       (0.95 )     1.87  

 

                                       

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS:

                                       

From net investment income

    (0.12 )     (0.03 )     (0.06 )     (0.06 )     (0.11 )

From net realized gains on investments

    (2.57 )     (1.22 )           (1.02 )     (1.89 )

Total distributions

    (2.69 )     (1.25 )     (0.06 )     (1.08 )     (2.00 )

 

                                       

Redemption fees added to paid-in capital

    0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)

Increase/(decrease) in net asset value

    (2.21 )     (0.64 )     3.58       (2.03 )     (0.13 )

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF YEAR

  $ 17.31     $ 19.52     $ 20.16     $ 16.58     $ 18.61  

 

                                       

Total return

    4.76 %     3.08 %     21.97 %     (5.04 %)     10.74 %

 

                                       

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net assets, end of year (000’s)

  $ 543,174     $ 1,196,558     $ 1,255,606     $ 1,147,007     $ 1,133,122  

Ratio of expenses to average net assets without fee waivers/reimbursements

    1.27 %     1.24 %     1.25 %     1.25 %     1.26 %

Ratio of expenses to average net assets including fee waivers/reimbursements

    1.25 %     1.24 %     1.25 %     1.25 %     1.25 %

Net investment income to average net assets including fee waivers/reimbursements

    0.54 %     0.08 %     0.18 %     0.61 %     0.56 %

Portfolio turnover rate

    68 %     68 %     52 %     80 %     73 %

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 per share.

 

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30

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Fund’s annual and semi-annual shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Funds’ website at www.rondureglobal.com and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

 

Beginning on January 1, 2019, you may, notwithstanding the availability of shareholder reports online, elect to receive all future shareholder reports in paper free of charge. If you invest through a financial intermediary, you can contact your financial intermediary to request that you continue to receive paper copies of your shareholder reports. If you invest directly with the Funds, you can call 1.855.775.3337 to let the Funds know you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports.

 

If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Funds electronically anytime by contacting your financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank) or, if you are a direct investor, by enrolling at www.rondureglobal.com.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Summary Sections

2

Rondure New World Fund

2

Rondure Overseas Fund

7

Investment Objectives and Principal Strategies

12

More on Each Fund’s Investments and Related Risks

13

Management

17

The Portfolio Manager

18

Administrator, Transfer Agent and Distributor

18

Buying, Exchanging and Redeeming Shares

19

Share Transactions

24

Dividends and Distributions

26

Taxes

27

Financial Highlights

29

Additional Information About Each Fund

Back Cover

 

 

Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

 

RONDURE NEW WORLD FUND

 

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

Rondure New World Fund (The “Fund”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The Fund’s investment objective is long-term growth of capital.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Investor
Shares

Institutional
Shares

Redemption Fee (as a percentage of or amount redeemed within 60 days of purchase)

2.00%

2.00%

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

 

Management Fees

0.85%

0.85%

Distribution and service (12b-1) fees

0.25%

None

Other Expenses

0.66%

0.61%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

1.76%

1.46%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement*

-0.41%

-0.36%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement

1.35%

1.10%

 

*

Rondure Global Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”), has agreed to waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) to 1.35% and 1.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class- by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that a Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fee and expenses were deferred. The Expense Agreement may not be terminated or modified by the Adviser prior to August 31, 2020, except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

EXAMPLE

This example helps you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example reflects the net operating expenses with expense waivers through the current term of the Expense Agreement, which ends on August 31, 2020. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

 

Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your cost would be:

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Investor Shares

$137

$514

$915

$2,037

Institutional Shares

$112

$426

$763

$1,713

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 37% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUND

The Fund will, under normal market conditions, invest at least 40% of its assets, calculated at the time of purchase, in equity securities of (i) issuers either organized or having headquarters in countries outside the United States, or (ii) issuers having a majority of their assets or revenues attributable to countries outside the United States. Collectively, such issuers will typically be organized, headquartered or economically linked to not less than three different countries other than the United States. Though the Fund may, subject to the requirements described above, invest in issuers located throughout the world, the Adviser expects that such issuers will typically have exposure to emerging or frontier markets, which the Adviser collectively regards as those countries excluded from the MSCI World Index of developed countries.

 

There is no minimum or maximum with respect to the cap ranges that the Fund may invest in, however it will primarily invest in companies with market capitalizations above $1.5 billion at the time of purchase. Equity securities include common stock, preferred stocks, warrants and rights, and other securities with equity characteristics (e.g. participatory notes and exchange traded funds “ETFs” linked to underlying equity securities).

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe followed by ‘bottom up’ fundamental analysis to identify high quality companies that it believes can provide sustainable returns and also to assess when it is time to sell a holding.

 

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Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

RONDURE NEW WORLD FUND

 

 

At times, the Fund may invest in Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). The Fund may also invest in investment grade (rated Baa3/BBB- or higher by Moody’s or Standard & Poor’s respectively) corporate or government debt obligations (from U.S. as well as non-U.S. issuers, typically with average durations of two years or less, with a variety of maturities), and in foreign exchange futures contracts or currency forward contracts (for risk management purposes). The Fund does not intend to invest in unrated debt instruments.

 

The Fund may, from time to time and primarily for risk management purposes, hold either gold bullion or equity securities of issuers principally engaged in the gold industry (including securities of gold mining finance companies, gold mining operating companies, or gold-related investment companies). The Fund is classified as “diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). For purposes of the Fund’s 40% investment policy described above, “assets” are defined as net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

All investments carry some degree of risk that will affect the value of the Fund, its investment performance and the price of its shares. As a result, you may lose money if you invest in the Fund.

 

The shares offered by this Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

The Fund is subject to the following principal investment risks:

 

Credit Risk. The companies in which the Fund may invest may have their credit rating downgraded, fail financially or be unwilling or unable to make timely payments of interest or principal, thereby reducing the value of the Fund’s portfolio and its income.

 

Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets will be affected by foreign currency exchange rates and may be affected by exchange control regulations. A change in the value of any foreign currency will change the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets that are denominated or traded in that country. In addition, the Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. A risk of not hedging currencies is that if the U.S. dollar strengthens, returns from foreign markets will be less when converted into U.S. dollars.

 

Emerging and Frontier Markets Risk. Many of the companies in which the Fund invests are susceptible to emerging and frontier markets risk. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities in general, the risks of investing in the securities of companies located in or with exposure to emerging and frontier market countries include increased political or social instability, economies based on only a few industries, unstable currencies, runaway inflation, highly volatile securities markets, unpredictable shifts in policies relating to foreign investments, lack of protection for investors against parties who fail to complete transactions, less developed legal, regulatory, tax, and accounting systems, and the potential for government seizure of assets or nationalization of companies. Securities of issuers actually located in emerging or frontier markets may be susceptible to greater custodial and operational risks and may be substantially less liquid.

 

Fixed Income Securities Risk. A rise in interest rates typically causes bond prices to fall. The longer the duration of the bonds held by a fund, the more sensitive it will likely be to interest rate fluctuations. An issuer may not make all interest payments or repay all or any of the principal borrowed. If debt obligations held by the Fund are downgraded by ratings agencies or go into default, or if management action, legislation or other government action reduces the ability of issuers to pay principal and interest when due, the value of those debt obligations may decline and the Fund’s share value and any dividends paid by the Fund may be reduced.

 

Foreign Securities and Foreign Markets Risk. Foreign securities are generally more volatile and less liquid than U.S. securities. Further, foreign securities may be subject to additional risks not associated with investment in U.S. securities due to differences in the economic and political environment, the amount of available public information, the degree of market regulation, and financial reporting, accounting and auditing standards, and, in the case of foreign currency-denominated securities, fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Certain foreign markets may require payment for securities before delivery and delays may be encountered in settling securities transactions.

 

In some foreign markets, there may not be protection against failure by other parties to complete transactions. There may be limited legal recourse against an issuer in the event of a default on a debt instrument.

 

Foreign Tax Risk. The Fund’s income from foreign issuers may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. A Fund may also be subject to taxes on trading profits or on transfers of securities in some countries. To the extent foreign income taxes are paid by the Fund, shareholders may not be entitled to a credit or deduction for U.S. tax purposes.

 

Futures and Forward Contracts Risk. A Fund that uses futures contracts is subject to the risk of loss caused by unanticipated market movements. In addition, there may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in the prices of futures contracts and the value of their underlying instruments or indexes and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain futures contracts.

 

Forward currency contracts are contractual agreements to purchase or sell a specified currency at a specified future date (or within a specified time period) at a price set at the time of the contract. The Fund may not fully benefit from, or may lose money on, forward foreign currency transactions if changes in currency exchange rates do not occur as anticipated or do not correspond accurately to changes in the value of the Fund’s holdings. Both futures contracts and forward contracts are complex instruments

 

1.855.775.3337 | www.rondureglobal.com

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RONDURE NEW WORLD FUND

 

 

which are subject to the risk that the counterparty to a transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations and are also subject to risks associated with improper valuation.

 

Gold and Gold-Related Issuers Risk. The Fund may hold investments in gold bullion and/or securities of issuers principally engaged in the gold industry. Holdings of physical gold may entail higher custody and transaction costs relative to holdings of securities. Gold held in physical form (even in a segregated account) involves the risk of delay in obtaining the assets in the case of bankruptcy or insolvency of the custodian. The price of gold operating companies is strongly affected by the price of gold, as well as by certain costs and business and operational risks directly associated with their operations. These prices may be volatile, fluctuating substantially over short periods of time.

 

Growth Stock Risk. Growth stock prices may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the prices of other stocks, and they may fall or not appreciate in step with the broader securities markets.

 

Initial Public Offerings (IPO) Risk. IPOs involve a higher degree of risk because companies involved in IPOs generally have limited operating histories and their prospects for future profitability are uncertain. Prices of IPOs may also be unstable due to the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available for trading and limited investor information.

 

Interest Rate Risk. The fixed-income securities in which the Fund may invest may be of any quality or duration. Duration is a weighted measure of the length of time a bond will pay out and takes into account interest payments that occur throughout the course of holding the bond. In general, the longer the bond’s duration, the more its price will drop as interest rates go up. The value of the Fund’s investments in fixed-income securities will generally decrease when interest rates rise, which means the Fund’s NAV will likewise decrease.

 

Large-Cap Company Stock Risk. Large-capitalization companies may go in and out of favor based on market and economic conditions. Large companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology, and also may not be able to attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion. Although the securities of largest companies may be less volatile than those of companies with smaller market capitalizations, returns on investments in securities of large capitalization companies could trail the returns on investments in securities of smaller companies.

 

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling less liquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of the investment, or other investments, at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk. The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Micro-Cap Company Stock Risk. Micro-cap stocks involve substantially greater risks of loss and price fluctuations because micro-cap companies’ earnings and revenues tend to be less predictable (and some companies may be experiencing significant losses). Micro-cap stocks tend to be less liquid than stocks of companies with larger market capitalizations. Micro-cap companies may be newly formed or in the early stages of development, with limited product lines, markets or financial resources and may lack management depth. In addition, there may be less public information available about these companies. The shares of micro-cap companies tend to trade less frequently than those of larger, more established companies, which generally increases liquidity risk and pricing risk for these securities.

 

Mid-Cap Company Stock Risk. Generally, mid-cap companies may have more potential for growth than large-cap companies. Investing in mid-cap companies, however, may involve greater risk than investing in large-cap companies. Mid-cap companies may not have the management experience, financial resources, product diversification and competitive strengths of large-cap companies and, therefore, their securities may be more volatile than the securities of larger, more established companies, making them less liquid than other securities. Mid-cap company stocks may also be bought and sold less often and in smaller amounts than larger company stocks.

 

Participatory Notes Risk. Participatory notes (or “P-notes”) represent interests in securities listed on certain foreign exchanges, and thus present similar risks to investing directly in such securities. P-notes also expose investors to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the entity issuing the note may not be able to honor its financial commitments. The purchaser of a P-note must rely on the credit worthiness of the bank or broker who issues the P-note, and these notes do not have the same rights as a shareholder of the underlying foreign security.

 

Political and Economic Risk. Foreign investments may be subject to heightened political and economic risks, particularly in countries with emerging economies and securities markets, which may have relatively unstable governments and economies based on only a few industries. In some countries, there is the risk that the government could seize or nationalize companies, impose additional withholding taxes on dividends or interest income payable on securities, impose exchange controls or adopt other restrictions that could affect the Fund’s investments.

 

Region Risk. Social, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country or region could significantly affect the market in that country or region. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact the issuers of securities in a different country or region. From time to time, a small number of companies and industries may represent

 

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Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

RONDURE NEW WORLD FUND

 

 

a large portion of the market in a particular country or region, and these companies and industries can be sensitive to adverse social, political, economic or regulatory developments.

 

Regulatory Risk. Foreign companies not publicly traded in the United States are not subject to accounting and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those U.S. companies must meet. In addition, there may be less information publicly available about such companies.

 

Sector Concentration Risk. At times, the Fund may have a significant portion of its assets invested in securities of companies conducting business in a broadly related group of industries within an economic sector. Companies in the same economic sector may be similarly affected by economic or market events, making the Fund more vulnerable to unfavorable developments in that economic sector than funds that invest more broadly. The more the Fund diversifies its investments, the more it spreads risk and potentially reduces the risks of loss and volatility.

 

Sector Weightings Risk. Market conditions, interest rates and economic, regulatory or financial developments could significantly affect all the securities in a single sector. If the Fund invests in a few sectors, it may have increased relative exposure to the price movements of those sectors.

 

Small-Cap Company Stock Risk. Investments in securities of small companies may involve greater risks than investing in large capitalization companies because small companies generally have a limited track record and their shares tend to trade infrequently or in limited volumes.

 

Stock Market Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline due to movements in the overall stock market.

 

Stock Selection Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline in value even when the overall stock market is not in a general decline.

 

Transaction Costs. The costs of buying and selling foreign securities including brokerage, tax and custody costs are generally higher than those for domestic transactions.

 

Value Investing Risk. Value investing attempts to identify strong companies whose stocks are selling at a discount from their perceived true worth, and is subject to the risk that the stocks’ intrinsic values may never be fully recognized or realized by the market, their prices may go down, or that stocks judged to be undervalued may actually be appropriately priced.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. The bar chart figures do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay when they buy or sell shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to broad-based securities market indices. The indices are not actively managed and are not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance is available on the Fund’s website www.rondureglobal.com or by calling 1-855-775-3337.

 

Annual Total Returns (years ended 12/31)

 

Best Quarter

March 31, 2018

2.66%

Worst Quarter

June 30, 2018

-7.60%

 

The Fund’s Investor Class shares year-to-date returns as of June 30, 2019 was 12.31%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for the periods ended December 31, 2018)

1
Year

Since
Inception
(May 2,
2017)

Investor

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-13.63%

-1.48%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-13.74%

-1.58%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-7.92%

-1.10%

Institutional

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-13.37%

-1.22%

MSCI Emerging Markets TR USD Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-14.24%

2.08%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historically highest individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. The after-tax return information shown above does not apply to Fund shares held through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.

 

1.855.775.3337 | www.rondureglobal.com

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RONDURE NEW WORLD FUND

 

 

After-tax returns are shown only for Investor Class shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Institutional Class shares will vary from those shown for Investor Class shares due to varying sales charges and expenses among the classes.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Rondure Global Advisors, LLC is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGER

Laura Geritz, CFA, MA, Chief Executive Officer, has been the portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2017.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

The Fund offers two classes of shares, Investor Class and Institutional Class shares. The minimum initial investment for both share classes is $2,000 for each account, or $1,000 if an Automatic Investment Program is established; except that the minimum to open an UGMA/UTMA or a Coverdell Education Savings Account is $100. There is no subsequent minimum investment amount for either share class. The Fund reserves the right to change the amount of these minimums from time to time or to waive them in whole or in part if, in the Adviser’s or the Fund’s opinion, the investor has adequate intent and availability of assets to reach a future level of investment in the Fund that is equal to or greater than the minimum.

 

Purchases, exchanges and redemptions may be made on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms, or directly with the Fund through the Fund’s website at www.rondureglobal.com, by telephone at 1-855-775-3337 or by regular mail at P.O. Box 13664, Denver, CO 80201.

 

TAX INFORMATION

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is held in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

6

Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

RONDURE OVERSEAS FUND

 

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

Rondure Overseas Fund (The “Fund”)

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The Fund’s investment objective is long-term growth of capital.

 

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Investor
Shares

Institutional
Shares

Redemption Fee (as a percentage of or amount redeemed within 60 days of purchase)

2.00%

2.00%

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

 

Management Fees

0.70%

0.70%

Distribution and service (12b-1) fees

0.25%

None

Other Expenses

1.09%

1.02%

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses

0.00%

0.00%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

2.04%

1.72%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement*

-0.94%

-0.87%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement

1.10%

0.85%

 

*

Rondure Global Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”), has agreed to waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) to 1.10% and 0.85% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class- by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that a Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fee and expenses were deferred. The Expense Agreement may not be terminated or modified by the Adviser prior to August 31, 2020, except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

EXAMPLE

This example helps you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example reflects the net operating expenses with expense waivers through the current term of the Expense Agreement, which ends on August 31, 2020. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

 

Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your cost would be:

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Investor Shares

$112

$549

$1,011

$2,291

Institutional Shares

$87

$457

$851

$1,955

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 40% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUND

The Fund will, under normal market conditions, invest at least 80% of its assets, calculated at the time of purchase, in equity securities of (i) issuers either organized or having headquarters in countries outside the United States, or (ii) issuers having a majority of their assets or revenues attributable to countries outside the United States. Though the Fund may, subject to the requirements described above, invest in issuers located throughout the world, the Adviser expects that such issuers will typically have primary exposure to developed foreign markets, which the Adviser collectively regards as those countries within the MSCI World Index of developed countries.

 

There is no minimum or maximum with respect to the cap ranges that the Fund may invest in, however it will primarily invest in companies with market capitalizations above $1.5 billion at the time of purchase. Equity securities include common stock, preferred stocks, warrants and rights, and other securities with equity characteristics (e.g. exchange traded funds “ETFs” linked to underlying equity securities).

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe followed by ‘bottom up’ fundamental analysis to identify high quality companies that it believes can provide sustainable returns and also to assess when it is time to sell a holding.

 

At times, the Fund may invest in Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). The Fund may also invest in investment grade (rated Baa3/BBB- or higher by Moody’s or Standard & Poor’s respectively) corporate

 

1.855.775.3337 | www.rondureglobal.com

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RONDURE OVERSEAS FUND

 

 

or government debt obligations (from U.S. as well as non-U.S. issuers, typically with average durations of two years or less, with a variety of maturities), and in foreign exchange futures contracts or currency forward contracts (for risk management purposes). The Fund does not intend to invest in unrated debt instruments.

 

The Fund may, from time to time and primarily for risk management purposes, hold either gold bullion or equity securities of issuers principally engaged in the gold industry (including securities of gold mining finance companies, gold mining operating companies, or gold-related investment companies). The Fund is classified as “diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). For purposes of the Fund’s 80% investment policy described above, “assets” are defined as net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

All investments carry some degree of risk that will affect the value of the Fund, its investment performance and the price of its shares. As a result, you may lose money if you invest in the Fund.

 

The shares offered by this Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

The Fund is subject to the following principal investment risks:

 

Credit Risk. The companies in which the Fund may invest may have their credit rating downgraded, fail financially or be unwilling or unable to make timely payments of interest or principal, thereby reducing the value of the Fund’s portfolio and its income.

 

Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets will be affected by foreign currency exchange rates and may be affected by exchange control regulations. A change in the value of any foreign currency will change the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets that are denominated or traded in that country. In addition, the Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. A risk of not hedging currencies is that if the U.S. dollar strengthens, returns from foreign markets will be less when converted into U.S. dollars.

 

Fixed Income Securities Risk. A rise in interest rates typically causes bond prices to fall. The longer the duration of the bonds held by a fund, the more sensitive it will likely be to interest rate fluctuations. An issuer may not make all interest payments or repay all or any of the principal borrowed. If debt obligations held by the Fund are downgraded by ratings agencies or go into default, or if management action, legislation or other government action reduces the ability of issuers to pay principal and interest when due, the value of those debt obligations may decline and the Fund’s share value and any dividends paid by the Fund may be reduced.

 

Foreign Securities and Foreign Markets Risk. Foreign securities are generally more volatile and less liquid than U.S. securities. Further, foreign securities may be subject to additional risks not associated with investment in U.S. securities due to differences in the economic and political environment, the amount of available public information, the degree of market regulation, and financial reporting, accounting and auditing standards, and, in the case of foreign currency-denominated securities, fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Certain foreign markets may require payment for securities before delivery and delays may be encountered in settling securities transactions. In some foreign markets, there may not be protection against failure by other parties to complete transactions. There may be limited legal recourse against an issuer in the event of a default on a debt instrument.

 

Foreign Tax Risk. A Fund’s income from foreign issuers may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. A Fund may also be subject to taxes on trading profits or on transfers of securities in some countries. To the extent foreign income taxes are paid by a Fund, shareholders may not be entitled to a credit or deduction for U.S. tax purposes.

 

Futures and Forward Contracts Risk. A Fund that uses futures contracts is subject to the risk of loss caused by unanticipated market movements. In addition, there may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in the prices of futures contracts and the value of their underlying instruments or indexes and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain futures contracts.

 

Forward currency contracts are contractual agreements to purchase or sell a specified currency at a specified future date (or within a specified time period) at a price set at the time of the contract. The Fund may not fully benefit from, or may lose money on, forward foreign currency transactions if changes in currency exchange rates do not occur as anticipated or do not correspond accurately to changes in the value of the Fund’s holdings. Both futures contracts and forward contracts are complex instruments which are subject to the risk that the counterparty to a transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations and are also subject to risks associated with improper valuation.

 

Gold and Gold-Related Issuers Risk. The Fund may hold investments in gold bullion and/or securities of issuers principally engaged in the gold industry. Holdings of physical gold may entail higher custody and transaction costs relative to holdings of securities. Gold held in physical form (even in a segregated account) involves the risk of delay in obtaining the assets in the case of bankruptcy or insolvency of the custodian. The price of gold operating companies is strongly affected by the price of gold, as well as by certain costs and business and operational risks directly associated with their operations. These prices may be volatile, fluctuating substantially over short periods of time.

 

Growth Stock Risk. Growth stock prices may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the prices of other stocks, and they may fall or not appreciate in step with the broader securities markets.

 

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Risk. IPOs involve a higher degree of risk because companies involved in IPOs generally have limited operating histories and their prospects for future profitability are

 

8

Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

RONDURE OVERSEAS FUND

 

 

uncertain. Prices of IPOs may also be unstable due to the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available for trading and limited investor information.

 

Interest Rate Risk. The fixed-income securities in which the Fund may invest may be of any quality or duration. Duration is a weighted measure of the length of time a bond will pay out and takes into account interest payments that occur throughout the course of holding the bond. In general, the longer the bond’s duration, the more its price will drop as interest rates go up. The value of the Fund’s investments in fixed-income securities will generally decrease when interest rates rise, which means the Fund’s NAV will likewise decrease.

 

Large-Cap Company Stock Risk. Large-capitalization companies may go in and out of favor based on market and economic conditions. Large companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology, and also may not be able to attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion. Although the securities of largest companies may be less volatile than those of companies with smaller market capitalizations, returns on investments in securities of large capitalization companies could trail the returns on investments in securities of smaller companies.

 

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling such less liquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of the investment, or other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk. The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Micro-Cap Company Stock Risk. Micro-cap stocks involve substantially greater risks of loss and price fluctuations because micro-cap companies’ earnings and revenues tend to be less predictable (and some companies may be experiencing significant losses). Micro-cap stocks tend to be less liquid than stocks of companies with larger market capitalizations. Micro-cap companies may be newly formed or in the early stages of development, with limited product lines, markets or financial resources and may lack management depth. In addition, there may be less public information available about these companies. The shares of micro-cap companies tend to trade less frequently than those of larger, more established companies, which generally increases liquidity risk and pricing risk for these securities.

 

Mid-Cap Company Stock Risk. Generally, mid-cap companies may have more potential for growth than large-cap companies. Investing in mid-cap companies, however, may involve greater risk than investing in large-cap companies. Mid-cap companies may not have the management experience, financial resources, product diversification and competitive strengths of large-cap companies and, therefore, their securities may be more volatile than the securities of larger, more established companies, making them less liquid than other securities. Mid-cap company stocks may also be bought and sold less often and in smaller amounts than larger company stocks.

 

Political and Economic Risk. Foreign investments may be subject to heightened political and economic risks, particularly in countries with emerging economies and securities markets, which may have relatively unstable governments and economies based on only a few industries. In some countries, there is the risk that the government could seize or nationalize companies, impose additional withholding taxes on dividends or interest income payable on securities, impose exchange controls or adopt other restrictions that could affect the Fund’s investments.

 

Region Risk. Social, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country or region could significantly affect the market in that country or region. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact the issuers of securities in a different country or region. From time to time, a small number of companies and industries may represent a large portion of the market in a particular country or region, and these companies and industries can be sensitive to adverse social, political, economic or regulatory developments.

 

Regulatory Risk. Foreign companies not publicly traded in the United States are not subject to accounting and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those U.S. companies must meet. In addition, there may be less information publicly available about such companies.

 

Sector Concentration Risk. At times, the Fund may have a significant portion of its assets invested in securities of companies conducting business in a broadly related group of industries within an economic sector. Companies in the same economic sector may be similarly affected by economic or market events, making the Fund more vulnerable to unfavorable developments in that economic sector than funds that invest more broadly. The more the Fund diversifies its investments, the more it spreads risk and potentially reduces the risks of loss and volatility.

 

Sector Weightings Risk. Market conditions, interest rates and economic, regulatory or financial developments could significantly affect all the securities in a single sector. If the Fund invests in a few sectors, it may have increased relative exposure to the price movements of those sectors.

 

Small-Cap Company Stock Risk. Investments in securities of small companies may involve greater risks than investing in large capitalization companies because small and companies generally have a limited track record and their shares tend to trade infrequently or in limited volumes.

 

Stock Market Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline due to movements in the overall stock market.

 

Stock Selection Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline in value even when the overall stock market is not in a general decline.

 

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RONDURE OVERSEAS FUND

 

 

Transaction Costs. The costs of buying and selling foreign securities including brokerage, tax and custody costs are generally higher than those for domestic transactions.

 

Value Investing Risk. Value investing attempts to identify strong companies whose stocks are selling at a discount from their perceived true worth, and is subject to the risk that the stocks’ intrinsic values may never be fully recognized or realized by the market, their prices may go down, or that stocks judged to be undervalued may actually be appropriately priced.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The bar chart depicts the change in performance from year to year during the periods indicated. The bar chart figures do not include any applicable sales charges that an investor may pay when they buy or sell shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. The table compares the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated to broad-based securities market indices. The indices are not actively managed and are not available for direct investment. The bar charts and performance tables assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance is available on the Fund’s website www.rondureglobal.com or by calling 1-855-775-3337.

 

Annual Total Returns (years ended 12/31)

 

Best Quarter

June 30, 2018

0.18%

Worst Quarter

December 31, 2018

-9.24%

 

The Fund’s Investor Class shares year-to-date returns as of June 30, 2019 was 10.91%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for the periods ended December 31, 2018)

1
Year

Since
Inception
(May 2,
2017)

Investor

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-9.63%

2.78%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-9.85%

2.47%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-5.49%

2.10%

Institutional

 

 

Return Before Taxes

-9.43%

3.04%

MSCI EAFE TR Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-13.36%

-0.91%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historically highest individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. The after-tax return information shown above does not apply to Fund shares held through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.

 

After-tax returns are shown only for Investor Class shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Institutional Class shares will vary from those shown for Investor Class shares due to varying sales charges and expenses among the classes.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Rondure Global Advisors, LLC is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGER

Laura Geritz, CFA, MA, Chief Executive Officer, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in May 2017. Blake Clayton has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since August 2019.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

The Fund offers two classes of shares, Investor Class and Institutional Class shares. The minimum initial investment for both share classes is $2,000 for each account, or $1,000 if an Automatic Investment Program is established; except that the minimum to open an UGMA/UTMA or a Coverdell Education Savings Account is $100. There is no subsequent minimum investment amount for either share class. The Fund reserves the right to change the amount of these minimums from time to time or to waive them in whole or in part if, in the Adviser’s or the Fund’s opinion, the investor has adequate intent and availability of assets to reach a future level of investment in the Fund that is equal to or greater than the minimum.

 

Purchases, exchanges and redemptions may be made on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading through institutional channels, such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms, or directly with the Fund through the

 

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Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

RONDURE OVERSEAS FUND

 

 

Fund’s website at www.rondureglobal.com, by telephone at 1-855-775-3337 or by regular mail at P.O. Box 13664, Denver, CO 80201.

 

TAX INFORMATION

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxed as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is held in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

1.855.775.3337 | www.rondureglobal.com

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RONDURE NEW WORLD FUND
RONDURE OVERSEAS FUND

Investment Objectives and Principal Strategies

 

This section describes each Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies. See “More on Each Fund’s Investments and Related Risks” in this Prospectus and the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) for more information about each Fund’s investments and the risks of investing.

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES

Each Fund seeks to achieve long-term growth of capital.

 

While there is no assurance that a Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in this Prospectus.

 

The Funds’ Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change a Fund’s investment objective or a Fund’s principal investment strategies without a shareholder vote. The Funds will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to a Fund’s investment objective or principal investment strategies, you should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

Rondure New World Fund

The Fund will, under normal market conditions, invest at least 40% of its assets, calculated at the time of purchase, in equity securities of (i) issuers either organized or having headquarters in countries outside the United States, or (ii) issuers having a majority of their assets or revenues attributable to countries outside the United States. Collectively, such issuers will typically be organized, headquartered or economically linked to not less than three different countries other than the United States. Though the Fund may, subject to the requirements described above, invest in issuers located throughout the world, the Adviser expects that such issuers will typically have exposure to emerging or frontier markets, which the Adviser collectively regards as those countries excluded from the MSCI World Index of developed countries.

 

There is no minimum or maximum with respect to the cap ranges that the Fund may invest in, however it will primarily invest in companies with market capitalizations above $1.5 billion at the time of purchase. Equity securities include common stock, preferred stocks, warrants and rights, and other securities with equity characteristics (e.g. participatory notes and ETFs linked to underlying equity securities).

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe followed by ‘bottom up’ fundamental analysis to identify high quality companies that it believes can provide sustainable returns and also to assess when it is time to sell a holding. It will seek to invest in what it considers to be great companies at good prices and good companies at great prices. The Adviser’s fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively to visit companies.

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best risk-adjusted return opportunities currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

At times, the Fund may invest in Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). The Fund may also invest in investment grade (rated Baa3/BBB- or higher by Moody’s or Standard & Poor’s respectively) corporate or government debt obligations (from U.S. as well as non-U.S. issuers, typically with average durations of two years or less, with a variety of maturities), and in foreign exchange futures contracts or currency forward contracts (for risk management purposes). The Fund does not intend to invest in unrated debt instruments.

 

The Fund may, from time to time and primarily for risk management purposes, hold either gold bullion or equity securities of issuers principally engaged in the gold industry (including securities of gold mining finance companies, gold mining operating companies, or gold-related investment companies). While neither the Fund’s holdings in gold bullion nor the Fund’s holdings of gold-related securities are, under normal market conditions, expected to exceed 5% of the Fund’s assets, the combination of such gold and gold-related holdings may constitute up to 10% of the Fund’s assets. The Fund is classified as “diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940. To the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies, an underlying acquired fund’s investments will be considered for purposes of compliance with the Fund’s 40% investment policy described above. For purposes of the Fund’s 40% investment policy described above, “assets” are defined as net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

Rondure Overseas Fund

The Fund will, under normal market conditions, invest at least 80% of its assets, calculated at the time of purchase, in equity securities of (i) issuers either organized or having headquarters in countries outside the United States, or (ii) issuers having a majority of their assets or revenues attributable to countries outside the United States. Though the Fund may, subject to the requirements described above, invest in issuers located throughout the world, the Adviser expects that such issuers will typically have primary exposure to developed foreign markets, which the Adviser collectively regards as those countries within the MSCI World Index of developed countries.

 

There is no minimum or maximum with respect to the cap ranges that the Fund may invest in, however it will primarily invest in companies with market capitalizations above $1.5 billion at the time of purchase. Equity securities include common stock,

 

12

Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

preferred stocks, warrants and rights, and other securities with equity characteristics (e.g. ETFs linked to underlying equity securities).

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe followed by ‘bottom up’ fundamental analysis to identify high quality companies that it believes can provide sustainable returns and also to assess when it is time to sell a holding. It will seek to invest in what it considers to be great companies at good prices and good companies at great prices. The Adviser’s fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively to visit companies.

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best risk-adjusted return opportunities currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

At times, the Fund may invest in Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). The Fund may also invest in investment grade (rated Baa3/BBB- or higher by Moody’s or Standard & Poor’s respectively) corporate or government debt obligations (from U.S. as well as non-U.S. issuers, typically with average durations of two years or less, with a variety of maturities), and in foreign exchange futures contracts or currency forward contracts (for risk management purposes). The Fund does not intend to invest in unrated debt instruments.

 

The Fund may, from time to time and primarily for risk management purposes, hold either gold bullion or equity securities of issuers principally engaged in the gold industry (including securities of gold mining finance companies, gold mining operating companies, or gold-related investment companies). While neither the Fund’s holdings in gold bullion nor the Fund’s holdings of gold-related securities are, under normal market conditions, expected to exceed 5% of the Fund’s assets, the combination of such gold and gold-related holdings may constitute up to 10% of the Fund’s assets. The Fund is classified as “diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940. To the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies, an underlying acquired fund’s investments will be considered for purposes of compliance with the Fund’s 80% investment policy described above. For purposes of the Fund’s 80% investment policy described above, “assets” are defined as net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

More on Each Fund’s Investments and Related Risks

 

The Funds’ investment objectives and principal investment strategies are described above under “Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies”. This section provides additional information about the Funds’ investment strategies and certain portfolio management techniques the Funds may use, as well as the principal and other risks that may affect the Funds’ portfolio. Additional information about some of these investments and portfolio management techniques and their associated risks is included in the Funds’ SAI, which is available without charge upon request (see back cover).

 

The Funds’ portfolio manager seeks to ensure that investments are compatible with a Fund’s investment objectives and strategies. They use “bottom-up” fundamental analysis to identify companies that they believe have outstanding investment potential. The research process includes prescreening potential investments using databases and industry contacts, analyzing annual reports and financial statements, making onsite visits, meeting with top management, evaluating the competitive environment, looking at distribution channels and identifying areas of potential growth.

 

RISKS

There are inherent risks associated with the Fund’s principal investment strategies. The factors that are most likely to have a material effect on a particular Fund’s investment portfolio as a whole are called “principal risks.” The principal risks of the Fund are summarized in the Fund’s “Fund Summary” section above and further described following the table. The table below identifies the principal and non-principal risks of the Fund. The Fund may be subject to additional risks other than those described because the types of investment made by the Fund may change over time. For additional information regarding risks of investing in the Fund, please see the SAI.

 

Risks

Rondure
New World
Fund

Rondure
Overseas
Fund

Credit Risk

P

P

Currency Risk

P

P

Early Stage Companies Risk

NP

NP

Emerging and Frontier Markets Risk

P

N/A

Fixed Income Securities Risk

P

P

Foreign Securities and Foreign Market Risk

P

P

Foreign Tax Risk

P

P

Futures and Forward Contracts Risk

P

P

Gold & Gold-Related Issuers Risk

P

P

Growth Stock Risk

P

P

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Risk

P

P

Interest Rate

P

P

Large-Cap Company Stock

P

P

Liquidity Risk

P

P

Managed Portfolio Risk

P

P

Micro-Cap Company Stock Risk

P

P

Mid-Cap Company Stock Risk

P

P

Participatory Notes Risk

P

NP

Political and Economic Risk

P

P

 

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Risks

Rondure
New World
Fund

Rondure
Overseas
Fund

Region Risk

P

P

Regulatory Risk

P

P

Sector Concentration Risk

P

P

Sector Weightings Risk

P

P

Small-Cap Company Stock Risk

P

P

Stock Market Risk

P

P

Stock Selection Risk

P

P

Transaction Costs

P

P

Value Investing Risk

P

P

 

P = Principal Risk

NP = Non-Principal Risk

N/A = Not
Applicable

 

Credit Risk. The companies in which the Funds may invest may have their credit rating downgraded, fail financially or be unwilling or unable to make timely payments of interest or principal, thereby reducing the value of the Funds’ portfolio and its income.

 

Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of a Fund’s assets will be affected by foreign currency exchange rates and may be affected by exchange control regulations. A change in the value of any foreign currency will change the U.S. dollar value of a Fund’s assets that are denominated or traded in that country. In addition, a Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. While both Funds have the ability to hedge against fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, neither has a present intention to do so. A risk of not hedging currencies is that if the U.S. dollar strengthens, returns from foreign markets will be less when converted into U.S. dollars.

 

Early Stage Companies Risk. Early stage companies may never obtain necessary financing, may rely on untested business plans, may not be successful in developing markets for their products or services, and may remain an insignificant part of their industry, and as such may never be profitable. Stocks of early stage companies may be less liquid, privately traded, and more volatile and speculative than the securities of larger companies.

 

Emerging and Frontier Markets Risk. Many of the companies in which the Fund invests are susceptible to emerging and frontier markets risk. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities in general, the risks of investing in the securities of companies located in or with exposure to emerging and frontier market countries include increased political or social instability, economies based on only a few industries, unstable currencies, runaway inflation, highly volatile securities markets, unpredictable shifts in policies relating to foreign investments, lack of protection for investors against parties who fail to complete transactions, less developed legal, regulatory, tax, and accounting systems, and the potential for government seizure of assets or nationalization of companies. Securities of issuers actually located in emerging or frontier markets may be susceptible to greater custodial and operational risks and may be substantially less liquid.

 

Fixed Income Securities Risk. A rise in interest rates typically causes bond prices to fall. The longer the duration of the bonds held by a fund, the more sensitive it will likely be to interest rate fluctuations. Duration measures the weighted average term to maturity of a bond’s expected cash flows. Duration also represents the approximate percentage change that the price of a bond would experience for a 1% change in yield.

 

An issuer may not make all interest payments or repay all or any of the principal borrowed. If debt obligations held by the Fund are downgraded by ratings agencies or go into default, or if management action, legislation or other government action reduces the ability of issuers to pay principal and interest when due, the value of those debt obligations may decline and the Fund’s share value and any dividends paid by the Fund may be reduced.

 

Foreign Securities and Foreign Markets Risk. Foreign securities are generally more volatile and less liquid than U.S. securities. Further, foreign securities may be subject to additional risks not associated with investment in U.S. securities due to differences in the economic and political environment, the amount of available public information, the degree of market regulation, and financial reporting, accounting and auditing standards, and, in the case of foreign currency-denominated securities, fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Certain foreign markets may require payment for securities before delivery and delays may be encountered in settling securities transactions. In some foreign markets, there may not be protection against failure by other parties to complete transactions. There may be limited legal recourse against an issuer in the event of a default on a debt instrument.

 

Foreign Tax Risk. A Fund’s income from foreign issuers may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. A Fund may also be subject to taxes on trading profits or on transfers of securities in some countries. To the extent foreign income taxes are paid by a Fund, shareholders may not be entitled to a credit or deduction for U.S. tax purposes.

 

Futures and Forward Contracts Risk. Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of an underlying asset at a price, date and time specified when the contract is made. A Fund that uses futures contracts, which are a type of derivative, is subject to the risk of loss caused by unanticipated market movements. In addition, there may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in the prices of futures contracts and the value of their underlying instruments or indexes and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain futures contracts.

 

Forward currency contracts are contractual agreements to purchase or sell a specified currency at a specified future date (or within a specified time period) at a price set at the time of the contract. The Fund may not fully benefit from, or may lose money on, forward foreign currency transactions if changes in currency exchange rates do not occur as anticipated or do not correspond accurately to changes in the value of the Fund’s holdings. Both futures contracts and forward contracts are complex instruments

 

14

Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

which are subject to the risk that the counterparty to a transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations and are also subject to risks associated with improper valuation.

 

Gold and Gold-Related Issuers Risk. The Fund may hold investments in gold bullion and/or securities of issuers principally engaged in the gold industry. Holdings of physical gold may entail higher custody and transaction costs relative to holdings of securities. Gold held in physical form (even in a segregated account) involves the risk of delay in obtaining the assets in the case of bankruptcy or insolvency of the custodian. The price of gold operating companies is strongly affected by the price of gold, as well as by certain costs and business and operational risks directly associated with their operations. These prices may be volatile, fluctuating substantially over short periods of time. In times of stable economic growth, traditional equity and debt investments could offer greater appreciation potential and the value of gold may be adversely affected, which in turn could affect the Fund’s returns. In addition, some gold mining companies have hedged their exposure to falls in the price of gold by selling forward future production, which could limit the company’s benefit from future rises in the price of gold. Mining operations have varying expected life spans and those with a short expected life span may experience more stock price volatility. Companies developing gold mines may present greater risks than companies with mines in production. Also investments in mining and in gold entail the risk that the Fund’s investments might affect the Fund’s ability to qualify as a “regulated investment company” under the Internal Revenue Code, and its income and capital gains might become subject to federal income taxes, reducing returns to shareholders.

 

Growth Stock Risk. Growth stock prices may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the prices of other stocks, and they may fall or not appreciate in step with the broader securities markets.

 

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Risk. The Funds may invest in IPOs. IPOs involve a higher degree of risk not normally associated with offerings of more seasoned companies. Companies involved in IPOs generally have limited operating histories and their prospects for future profitability are uncertain. Prices of IPOs may also be unstable due to such factors as the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available for trading and limited investor information. Shares purchased in IPOs may be difficult to sell at a time or price that is desirable.

 

Interest Rate Risk. The fixed-income securities in which the Funds may invest may be of any quality or duration. Duration is a weighted measure of the length of time a bond will pay out and takes into account interest payments that occur throughout the course of holding the bond. In general, the longer the bond’s duration, the more its price will drop as interest rates go up. The value of the Funds’ investments in fixed-income securities will generally decrease when interest rates rise, which means the Funds’ NAV will likewise decrease.

 

Large-Cap Company Stock Risk. Large-capitalization companies may go in and out of favor based on market and economic conditions. Large companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology, and also may not be able to attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion. Although the securities of largest companies may be less volatile than those of companies with smaller market capitalizations, returns on investments in securities of large capitalization companies could trail the returns on investments in securities of smaller companies.

 

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling such less liquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of the investment, or other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk. The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause the Fund to incur losses.

 

Micro-Cap Company Stock Risk. Micro-cap stocks involve substantially greater risks of loss and price fluctuations because micro-cap companies’ earnings and revenues tend to be less predictable (and some companies may be experiencing significant losses). Micro-cap stocks tend to be less liquid than stocks of companies with larger market capitalizations. Micro-cap companies may be newly formed or in the early stages of development, with limited product lines, markets or financial resources and may lack management depth. In addition, there may be less public information available about these companies. The shares of micro-cap companies tend to trade less frequently than those of larger, more established companies, which generally increases liquidity risk and pricing risk for these securities. There may be a substantial period before the fund realizes a gain, if any, on an investment in a micro-cap company.

 

Mid-Cap Company Stock Risk. Generally, mid-cap companies may have more potential for growth than large-cap companies. Investing in mid-cap companies, however, may involve greater risk than investing in large-cap companies. Mid-cap companies may not have the management experience, financial resources, product diversification and competitive strengths of large-cap companies and, therefore, their securities may be more volatile than the securities of larger, more established companies, making them less liquid than other securities. Mid-cap company stocks may also be bought and sold less often and in smaller amounts than larger company stocks. Because of this, if the Portfolio wants to sell a large quantity of a mid-cap company’s stock, it may have to sell at a lower price than the Adviser might prefer, or it may have to sell in smaller than desired quantities over a period of time.

 

Participatory Notes Risk. Participatory notes (or “P-notes”) represent interests in securities listed on certain foreign exchanges, and thus present similar risks to investing directly in such securities. P-notes also expose investors to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the entity issuing the note may not be able to honor its financial commitments. The purchaser of a

 

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15

 

 

 

P-note must rely on the credit worthiness of the bank or broker who issues the P-note, and these notes do not have the same rights as a shareholder of the underlying foreign security.

 

Political and Economic Risk. Foreign investments may be subject to heightened political and economic risks, particularly in countries with emerging economies and securities markets, which may have relatively unstable governments and economies based on only a few industries. In some countries, there is the risk that the government could seize or nationalize companies, impose additional withholding taxes on dividends or interest income payable on securities, impose exchange controls or adopt other restrictions that could affect a Fund’s investments.

 

Region Risk. Social, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country or region could significantly affect the market in that country or region. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact the issuers of securities in a different country or region. From time to time, a small number of companies and industries may represent a large portion of the market in a particular country or region, and these companies and industries can be sensitive to adverse social, political, economic, or regulatory developments.

 

Regulatory Risk. Foreign companies not publicly traded in the United States are not subject to accounting and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those U.S. companies must meet. In addition, there may be less information publicly available about such companies.

 

Sector Concentration Risk. At times, the Funds may have a significant portion of its assets invested in securities of companies conducting business in a broadly related group of industries within an economic sector. Companies in the same economic sector may be similarly affected by economic or market events, making the Funds more vulnerable to unfavorable developments in that economic sector than funds that invest more broadly. The more the Funds diversify their investments, the more it spreads risk and potentially reduces the risks of loss and volatility.

 

Sector Weightings Risk. Market conditions, interest rates and economic, regulatory or financial developments could significantly affect a single sector. If a Fund invests in a few sectors it may have increased relative exposure to the price movements of those sectors.

 

Small-Cap Company Stock Risk. Investments in securities of small companies may involve greater risks than investing in large capitalization companies because small companies generally have a limited track record and their shares tend to trade infrequently or in limited volumes.

 

Stock Market Risk. The Funds’ investments may decline due to movements in the overall stock market.

 

Stock Selection Risk. The Funds’ investments may decline in value even when the overall stock market is not in a general decline.

 

Transaction Costs. The costs of buying and selling foreign securities including brokerage, tax and custody costs are generally higher than those for domestic transactions.

 

Value Investing Risk. Value investing attempts to identify strong companies whose stocks are selling at a discount from their perceived true worth, and is subject to the risk that the stocks’ intrinsic values may never be fully recognized or realized by the market, their prices may go down, or that stocks judged to be undervalued may actually be appropriately priced.

 

OTHER STRATEGIES

Temporary Defensive Investments

Each Fund may depart from its principal investment strategies in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions by taking temporary defensive positions in short-term debt securities, cash and cash equivalents. When a Fund’s investments in cash or similar investments increase, it may not participate in market advance or declines to the same extent that it would if the Fund remained more fully invested. Under such circumstances, a Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

 

Illiquid Investments

Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. An illiquid investment is a security or other position that cannot be disposed of quickly in the normal course of business (within seven days). For example, some securities are not registered under U.S. securities laws and cannot be sold to the U.S. public because of SEC regulations (these are known as “restricted securities”). Under procedures adopted by the Fund’s Board, certain restricted securities may be deemed liquid and will not be counted toward this 15% limit.

 

In October 2016, the SEC adopted a liquidity risk management rule, Rule 22e-4 (the “Liquidity Rule”). The Liquidity Rule requires open-end Funds to establish a liquidity risk management program and enhance disclosures regarding liquidity. As required by the Liquidity Rule, the Fund has implemented a Liquidity Program, and the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, has appointed a Liquidity Risk Management Committee (the “LRM Committee”) as the liquidity risk program administrator of the Liquidity Program. Under the Liquidity Program, the LRM Committee assesses, manages, and periodically reviews each Fund’s liquidity risk and classifies each investment held by each Fund as a “highly liquid investment,” “moderately liquid investment,” “less liquid investment” or “illiquid investment.” The Liquidity Rule defines “liquidity risk” as the risk that a Fund could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by the Fund without significant dilution of the remaining investors’ interest in the Fund. The liquidity of a Fund’s portfolio investments is determined based on relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations under the Liquidity Program. The impact the Liquidity Rule will have on the Funds is not yet fully known, but the Liquidity Rule could impact the Funds’ performance and their ability to achieve their investment objectives.

 

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Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

Investment Limitations

Except with respect to the illiquid investment restrictions set forth above, all limitations on Fund investments listed in this Prospectus will apply at the time of investment. Neither Fund would violate these limitations unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of an investment. Unless otherwise indicated, references to assets in the percentage limitations on a Fund’s investments refer to total assets.

 

Portfolio Turnover

Each Fund generally intends to purchase securities as long-term investments; however, short-term trading may occur. This means that a Fund may buy a security and sell that security a short period of time after its purchase, and realize gains or losses, if the portfolio manager believe that the sale is in the best interest of the Fund (for example, if the portfolio manager believe an alternative investment has greater potential). This activity will increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate and generate higher transaction costs due to commissions and other expenses which could reduce the Fund’s investment performance. In addition, short-term trading may increase the amount of taxable distributions to shareholders which would reduce the after-tax returns of the Fund, and in particular may generate short-term capital gains that when distributed to shareholders are taxed at ordinary U.S. federal income tax as ordinary income.

 

Disclosure Of Portfolio Holdings

The Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio securities are described in the Funds’ SAI.

 

Management

 

Rondure Global Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser” or “Rondure Global Advisors”), subject to the authority of the Funds’ Board of Trustees, is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Funds’ business affairs. The Adviser commenced business operations in November 2016 and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment adviser. The Adviser’s principal address is 136 South Main Street, Suite 720, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101.

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Rondure New World Fund and the Rondure Overseas Fund each pay the Adviser an annual management fee of 0.85% and 0.70%, respectively, based on the Fund’s average daily net assets. The management fee is paid on a monthly basis.

 

During the most recent fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, each Fund paid the following annual advisory fee as a percentage of daily net assets (net of waivers) to the Fund’s investment advisor. Daily investment decisions are made by the portfolio managers, whose investment experience is described below under the heading “Portfolio Managers.”

 

Fund Name

Total Annual
Advisory Fee
(as a percentage of
daily net assets)

Annual
Advisory Fee to
Investment Adviser
(as a percentage of
daily net assets)

Rondure New World Fund

0.85%

0.37%

Rondure Overseas Fund

0.70%

0.00%

 

The current term of the Advisory Agreement is one year. The Board may extend the Advisory Agreement for additional one-year terms. The Board, shareholders of the Funds or the Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ notice. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the renewal of the Rondure New World and Rondure Overseas Funds’ Advisory Agreement is provided in the Funds’ semi-annual report to shareholders for the period ended October 31, 2018.

 

The Adviser has contractually agreed, pursuant to an agreement with the Funds (the “Expense Agreement”), to waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) for each of the Funds. The Rondure New World Fund will be limited to 1.35% and 1.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. The Rondure Overseas Fund will be limited to 1.10% and 0.85% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. The Expense Agreement with respect to each Fund is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class- by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that a Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fee and expenses were deferred. The Expense Agreement may not be terminated or modified by the Adviser prior to August 31, 2020, except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

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The Portfolio Manager

 

Each Fund is managed with an approach that utilizes the skills and insights of the entire research team. Trades may be initiated by the portfolio manager or analysts on the team, but the named portfolio manager(s) is responsible for the day-to-day oversight and management of the Fund. The Rondure portfolio managers’ primary responsibility is to provide oversight of the Fund’s investments and allocations at a strategic level and also has the tactical responsibility for selecting and inputting specific trades. The individuals listed below serves as the portfolio manager for the Rondure Funds, as noted.

 

More information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the portfolio managers’ ownership of securities in the Funds is included in the SAI.

 

Laura Geritz, CFA, MA

Laura Geritz is the CEO and Founder of Rondure Global Advisors, a woman-owned investment firm focused on high quality “Core” equity investing with a long-term view. Rondure’s strategies include a developing countries portfolio and an overseas developed country portfolio. Ms. Geritz is the Portfolio Manager for both strategies.

 

Prior to founding Rondure Global Advisors in 2016, Ms. Geritz spent ten years on the international team at Wasatch Advisors where she was the founding Portfolio Manager for the Wasatch Frontier Emerging Small Countries Fund (WAFMX) from its inception in 2012 – 2016, a lead Portfolio Manager for the Wasatch International Opportunities Fund (WAIOX) from 2011 – 2016, and a lead Portfolio Manager for the Wasatch Emerging Markets Small Cap Fund (WAEMX) from 2009 - 2015.

 

Ms. Geritz began her financial career in 1997 at American Century Investments as a bilingual investor relations representative. She moved to the investment team in 1999 where she worked as a US Mid/Large Core and Global analyst. In 2004 she joined Mellon Corporation as a senior analyst working on US small- and micro-cap funds.

 

Ms. Geritz graduated with honors from the University of Kansas, earning a BA in Political Science and History. Later, she earned a Master’s degree in East Asian Languages and Culture from the University of Kansas. Ms. Geritz is a CFA charter holder.

 

Laura has lived in Japan and speaks Japanese. She is an avid reader. Laura and her husband, Robb, enjoy traveling the globe, and working with children’s charities locally and globally.

 

Experience

2016 –

CEO & Founder of Rondure Global Advisors. Portfolio Manager for the Rondure New World Fund and Rondure Overseas Fund.

2006 – 2016

Portfolio Manager and Analyst at Wasatch Advisors. Founding PM of the Wasatch Frontier Emerging Small Countries Fund (WAFMX) from its inception in 2012 – 2016; a lead Portfolio Manager for the Wasatch International Opportunities Fund (WAIOX) from 2011 – 2016; a lead Portfolio Manager for the Wasatch Emerging Markets Small Cap Fund (WAEMX) from 2009 - 2015.

2004 – 2006

Senior Analyst at Mellon Corporation focused on US small and micro-cap companies

1997 – 2003

Analyst at American Century Investments focused on US Mid/Large and Global equities. Bi-lingual investor relations representative.

 

Blake Clayton, MA, MPhil, DPhil

Mr. Clayton is a Portfolio Manager on the Rondure Overseas Fund and a Research Analyst at Rondure Global Advisors. His primary focus is on international developed markets.

 

Prior to joining Rondure, Mr. Clayton was a vice president and senior equity analyst at Citigroup in New York. He worked as a fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, where he advised senior U.S. officials on a broad range of economic issues. Mr. Clayton also taught finance and economics at the Oxford Institute for Undergraduate Studies.

 

Mr. Clayton holds a doctorate from Oxford University, where he studied on a full-ride University Scholarship. He also holds dual master’s degrees from the Cambridge University and the University of Chicago, where he was the recipient of the University of Chicago Endowed Fellowship.

 

Mr. Clayton is an adjunct fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. He is the author of two books, Commodity Markets and the Global Economy and Market Madness: A Century of Oil Panics, Crises, and Crashes, as well as a number of articles and papers.

 

Experience

2019 –

Portfolio Manager on the Rondure Overseas Fund

2017-2019

Research Analyst at Rondure Global Advisor

2013-2016

Vice President & Senior Equity Analyst, Citigroup

2011-2013

Fellow, Council of Foreign Relations

 

Administrator, Transfer Agent and Distributor

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. serves as the Funds’ administrator, fund accounting agent and transfer agent, and ALPS Distributors, Inc. (the “Distributor”) serves as the Funds’ distributor.

 

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Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

Buying, Exchanging and
Redeeming Shares

 

Each Fund, currently offers two classes of shares, Investor Class and Institutional Class shares. Each share class of a Fund represents an investment in the same portfolio of securities, but each share class has its own charges and expense structure, allowing you to choose the class that best meets your situation. When you purchase shares of a Fund, you must choose a share class.

 

Factors you should consider in choosing a class of shares include:

 

how long you expect to own the shares;

 

how much you intend to invest;

 

total expenses associated with owning shares of each class

 

Investment Minimums

The minimum initial investment for Investor Class and Institutional Class shares is $2,000 for each account, or $1,000 if an Automatic Investment Program is established; except that the minimum to open an UGMA/UTMA or a Coverdell Education Savings Account is $100. Investors generally may meet the minimum investment amount for Institutional Class shares by aggregating multiple accounts within the Fund if desired. There is no subsequent investment minimum for either share class.

 

The Funds reserve the right to waive or change minimum and additional investment amounts. For accounts sold through financial intermediaries, it is the primary responsibility of the financial intermediary to ensure compliance with investment minimums. Employees of the Adviser and their extended families are not subject to any initial or subsequent investment minimums.

 

TYPES OF ACCOUNT OWNERSHIP

Please refer to www.rondureglobal.com or an account application for specific requirements to open and maintain an account.

 

Individual or Joint Ownership

Individual accounts are owned by one person. Joint accounts have two or more owners.

 

Trust

An established trust can open an account. The names of each trustee, the name of the trust and the date of the trust agreement must be included on the application.

 

Business Accounts

Corporations and partnerships may also open an account. The application must be signed by an authorized officer of the corporation or a general partner of the partnership.

 

Tax-Advantaged Accounts

Please refer to the account application for specific requirements to open and maintain an account. Certain tax-advantaged accounts can only be opened and maintained via written request. Please contact a shareholder services representative for more information.

 

If you are eligible, you may set up one or more tax-advantaged accounts. A tax-advantaged account allows you to shelter your investment income and capital gains from current income taxes. A contribution to certain of these plans may also be tax deductible. Withdrawals from tax-advantaged accounts are subject to special tax rules. The types of tax-advantaged accounts that may be opened directly with the Funds are described below. Investors should consult their tax adviser or legal counsel before selecting a tax-advantaged account.

 

Investing for Your Retirement

Please visit www.rondureglobal.com or call a shareholder services representative for more complete information regarding the different types of IRAs available. Distributions from these plans may be subject to income tax and generally to an additional tax if withdrawn prior to age 59-1/2 or used for a non-qualifying purpose.

 

Traditional and Roth IRAs

Both traditional and Roth IRAs allow most individuals with earned income to contribute for 2019 up to the lesser of $6,000 ($7,000 for individuals who are age 50 or older) or 100% of compensation.

 

Simple IRA

A SIMPLE IRA allows employees and employers to contribute to traditional IRAs set up for employees.

 

Simplified Employee Pension (“SEP”) IRA

A SEP IRA allows small business owners (including sole proprietors) to make tax deductible contributions for themselves and any eligible employee(s). A SEP requires an IRA to be set up for each SEP participant.

 

There is an annual pass through IRA maintenance fee of $10.00 that is charged by the IRA custodian on a per-account basis. The fee is capped at $25.00 per social security number, per account type. This fee may be paid by the Adviser.

 

Accounts for the Benefit of a Child
Custodial Accounts (UGMA or UTMA)

An UGMA/UTMA account is a custodial account managed for the benefit of a minor.

 

Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA)

A Coverdell ESA is an account created as an incentive to help parents and students save for education expenses.

 

BUYING SHARES

In order to buy, redeem or exchange shares at that day’s price, you must place your order with the Fund or its agent before the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) closes (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time). Orders received by financial intermediaries authorized to do so on behalf of the Fund prior to the close of trading on the NYSE will be confirmed at the offering price computed as of the close of the trading on the NYSE. If the NYSE closes early, you must place your order prior to the actual closing time. The net asset value and your share price may be determined earlier than 4 p.m. Eastern time in the event that the NYSE closes early. As noted below in the section titled “By Broker/Intermediary,” the

 

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Funds have authorized one or more broker/intermediaries to receive on their behalf purchase and redemption orders. If your broker/intermediary has not been authorized to receive orders on behalf of the Fund, your order or request will not be accepted and processed by the Fund. Please contact your broker/intermediary if you are not sure if they have been authorized by the Funds.

 

With certain limited exceptions, the Funds are available only to U.S. citizens or residents. Certain tax-advantaged accounts can only be opened and maintained via written request. Please contact a shareholder services representative for more information.

 

Payment must be in U.S. dollars by a check drawn on a bank in the United States, wire transfer or electronic transfer. The Funds will not accept cash, traveler’s checks, starter checks, money orders, third party checks (except for properly endorsed IRA rollover checks), checks drawn on foreign banks or checks issued by credit card companies or Internet-based companies. Shares purchased by checks that are returned will be canceled and you will be liable for any losses or fees incurred by the Fund or its agents, including bank handling charges for returned checks. When purchasing shares, your request will be processed at the first NAV calculated after your purchase request is determined to be in good order. For wire purchases, the wire transfer must be received before the purchase request is deemed to be in good order.

 

A request or transaction will generally be regarded by a Fund as being in “good order” if it is received within the time frame prescribed, if it includes the information the Fund lists as being necessary, and (in the case of written requests or instructions) if the request or instruction is properly signed by an authorized person.

 

In-Kind Purchases

You may contact the Funds to request a purchase of Funds shares using securities you own. The Funds reserve the right to refuse or accept such requests in whole or in part. In-kind purchases may be taxable events and may result in the recognition of gain or loss for federal income tax purposes.

 

Online at www.rondureglobal.com

You may open a new Fund account, or you may buy shares in an existing Fund account. Federal regulations may require the Fund to obtain your name, your date of birth, your residential address or principal place of business and mailing address as well as your taxpayer identification number at the time you open your account. Applications without this information may not be accepted. To the extent permitted by law, the Funds reserve the right to place limits on transactions in your account until your identity is verified.

 

You can elect to have funds electronically transferred from your designated bank account. A real-time confirmation of your transaction will be provided via www.rondureglobal.com.

 

By Telephone

For an existing account, you may purchase shares in your account by calling a shareholder services representative at 1-855-775-3337 during normal business hours to place a trade. Such investments will be made via an electronic transfer from your designated bank account.

 

You may add to your account via electronic funds transfer. If an electronic funds transfer cannot be processed due to insufficient funds, your account may be charged a service fee (currently $20.00).

 

You may also buy shares by wiring money from your bank account to your Fund account. For wiring instructions, call a shareholder services representative.

 

By Mail/In Writing

To open your Fund account, complete and sign the appropriate application, which can be found at www.rondureglobal.com or by calling shareholder services at 1-855-775-3337. Make your check payable to the Fund(s) or elect a one-time electronic withdrawal from your bank account as noted on the appropriate application. Be sure to note in which Fund you would like the investment to be made.

 

Regular Mail:

Overnight Address:

Rondure Funds

Rondure Funds

P.O. Box 13664

1290 Broadway, Suite 1000

Denver, CO 80201

Denver, CO 80203

 

To buy additional shares, send your check and written instructions to the address listed above. If you are making a purchase into a retirement account, please indicate whether the purchase is a rollover or a current or prior year contribution.

 

The Funds do not consider the US Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be their agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services, or receipt at the Rondure Funds’ post office box, of purchase orders or redemption requests does not constitute receipt by the Funds.

 

By Automated Investments

To buy additional shares through the Automatic Investment Program, you select the frequency with which your money will be electronically transferred from your bank account to your Fund account. Certain tax-advantaged accounts are not eligible for automated investments.

 

When purchasing shares through the Automatic Investment Program, if no date is specified on your application, investments will be made on the 15th of each month. Your first automatic investment may take up to two weeks to establish. If the balance in the account you are buying into falls to zero as the result of a redemption or exchange, your Automatic Investment Program will be discontinued.

 

20

Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

We may make additional attempts to debit your predesignated bank account for automated investments that initially fail. You are liable for any costs associated with these additional attempts. If your automated investment fails, you may purchase shares of the Funds by submitting good funds via another method accepted by the Funds (e.g., by wire transfer). In this case, your purchase will be processed at the next NAV determined after we receive good funds, not at the NAV available as of the date of the original request. Wire fees may be charged.

 

By Broker/Intermediary

You may purchase or sell Fund shares through a broker-dealer, bank or other financial institution, or an organization that provides record keeping and consulting services to 401(k) plans or other employee benefit plans (an “Intermediary”). Intermediaries may charge you a fee for this service and may require different minimum initial and subsequent investments than the Funds. Intermediaries may also impose other charges or restrictions different from those applicable to shareholders who invest in the Funds directly. Therefore, it may cost more for you to purchase shares through an Intermediary than to purchase shares directly from the Funds. An Intermediary, rather than you as its customer, may be the shareholder of record of your shares. In general, purchase or redemption requests made through an Intermediary will be priced based on the net asset value next calculated after receipt of the request by the Intermediary, even if the Intermediary submits such requests to the Funds after such net asset value has been calculated. The Funds are not responsible for the failure of any Intermediary to carry out its obligations to its customers. Contact the financial intermediary or refer to its plan documents for instructions on how to purchase, exchange or redeem shares through that intermediary.

 

Investors may be charged a fee if they effect transactions through broker or agent. The Funds have authorized one or more brokers to receive on their behalf purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on a Fund’s behalf. A Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s authorized designee, receives the order. Customer orders will be priced at a Fund’s Net Asset Value next computed after they are received by an authorized broker or the broker’s authorized designee.

 

Distribution and Services (12b-1) Plans (Investor Class Only)

The Funds have adopted a plan of distribution for Investor Class shares pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “Plan”).

 

Under the terms of the Plan the Funds are authorized to make payments to the Distributor for remittance to financial intermediaries, as compensation for distribution and/or the provision of on-going shareholder services performed by such financial intermediaries for their customers who are shareholders in the Funds. The Plan permits payment for services and related expenses in connection with a financial intermediary’s administration of mutual fund distribution platforms that offer Investor Class shares of the Funds.

 

The Plan permits the Funds to use its Investor Class shares’ assets to make payments at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of a Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to its Investor Class shares. Because these fees are paid out of a Fund’s Investor Class shares’ assets on an ongoing basis, over time they will increase the cost of an investment in Investor Class shares and Plan fees may cost an investor more than other types of sales charges.

 

Networking, Sub-Accounting and Administrative Fees

Select financial intermediaries may enter into arrangements with the Funds, or its designees, to perform certain networking, recordkeeping, sub-accounting and/or administrative services for shareholders of the Funds. These activities are routinely processed through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s Fund/SERV and Trust Networking systems or similar systems. In consideration for providing these services in an automated environment, such financial intermediaries may receive compensation, from the Funds. Any such compensation by the Funds to these select financial intermediaries for the aforementioned services is in addition to, and distinct from, any Rule 12b-1 related services provided to Fund shareholders.

 

Payments to Select Financial Intermediaries and Other Arrangements

The Adviser and/or its affiliates may enter into arrangements to make payments for additional activities to select financial intermediaries intended to result in the sale of Fund shares and/or other shareholder servicing activities out of the Adviser’s own resources (which may include profits from providing advisory services to the Funds). These payments are often referred to as “revenue sharing payments” and the revenue sharing payment amounts generally vary by financial intermediary. The aggregate amount of the revenue sharing payments are determined by the Adviser and may be substantial. Revenue sharing payments create no additional cost to the Funds or their shareholders.

 

Revenue sharing payments may create an incentive for a financial intermediary or its employees or associated persons to recommend or sell shares of the Funds to you, rather than shares of another mutual fund. Please contact your financial intermediary’s investment professional for details about revenue sharing payments it may be receiving.

 

In-Kind Purchases

The Funds reserve the right to accept payment for shares in the form of securities that are permissible investments for a Fund. In-kind purchases may be taxable events and may result in the recognition of gain or loss for federal income tax purposes.

 

EXCHANGING SHARES

If you have held your shares in a Fund for at least seven days, you may exchange those shares for shares of any of the following funds (each, a “Rondure Fund”), if such Rondure Fund is available for sale in your state and meets the investment criteria of the investor:

 

Rondure New World Fund

 

Rondure Overseas Fund

 

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Any new account established through an exchange will be subject to all minimum requirements applicable to the shares acquired. The exchange privilege may only be exercised in those states where the class of shares being acquired legally may be sold.

 

If you are an existing shareholder of either Rondure Fund, you may exchange into a new account copying your existing account registration and options. Exchanges between accounts will be accepted only if registrations are identical.

 

You may also transfer between classes of a Fund if you meet the minimum investment requirements for the class into which you would like to transfer.

 

Online at www.rondureglobal.com

Exchanges may be made online via www.rondureglobal.com. A real-time confirmation of your transaction will be provided via www.rondureglobal.com.

 

By Telephone

For an existing account, you may exchange shares in your account in amounts up to $50,000 ($100,000 for corporate accounts) by calling a shareholder services representative at 1-855-775-3337 if you did not decline the telephone redemption privilege when establishing your account.

 

By Systematic Exchange

You determine the amount of money you would like automatically exchanged from one Fund account to another on any day of the month. For Systematic Exchanges, if no date is specified on your request, systematic exchanges will be made on the 15th of each month. If the balance in the Fund account you are exchanging from falls below the Systematic Exchange amount, all remaining shares will be exchanged and your Systematic Exchange Program will be discontinued.

 

By Broker/Intermediary

Exchanges, like purchases and redemptions, may also be effected through retirement plans, broker-dealers and financial intermediaries. Please contact your financial intermediary or refer to the appropriate plan documents for details. Your financial intermediary may charge a processing or service fee in connection with the exchange of shares.

 

Additional Information About Exchanges

An exchange represents the sale of shares from one Fund and the purchase of shares of the other Fund. This may produce a taxable gain or loss in your non-tax-advantaged account. If you exchange shares within 60 calendar days from their date of purchase, you may be subject to the redemption fee as described in this Prospectus in “Redemption Fees” below. Transfers between classes of a single Fund are generally not considered a taxable transaction.

 

The exchange privilege may be modified or terminated upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to shareholders. Although initially there will be no limit on the number of times you may exercise the exchange privilege, each Fund reserves the right to impose such a limitation. Call or write the Funds for further details.

 

REDEEMING SHARES

Redemption requests for over $50,000 ($100,000 for corporate accounts) must be made in writing and a Medallion Signature Guarantee is required. All redemption requests made within 30 days of an address change or a bank account change must be made in writing and require a Medallion Signature Guarantee. Redemptions made within 60 days of purchase must be made in writing and require a Medallion Signature Guarantee.

 

Each Fund will redeem all full and fractional shares of the Fund upon request on any business day at the applicable net asset value determined after the receipt of proper redemption instructions, less any applicable redemption fees. Shareholders liquidating their holdings will receive upon redemption all dividends reinvested through the date of redemption. If notice of redemption is received on any business day, the redemption will be effective on the date of receipt. Payment will ordinarily be made on the next business day, but, in any case, within no more than seven business days from the date of receipt. If the notice is received on a day that is not a business day or after the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE, the redemption notice will be deemed received as of the next business day. The value of shares at the time of redemption may be more or less than the shareholder’s cost.

 

It is anticipated that a Fund will meet redemption requests through the sale of portfolio assets or from its holdings in cash or cash equivalents. A Fund may use the proceeds from the sale of portfolio assets to meet redemption requests if consistent with the management of the Fund. These redemption methods will be used regularly and may also be used in stressed or abnormal market conditions, including circumstances adversely affecting the liquidity of a Fund’s investments, in which case a Fund may be more likely to be forced to sell its holdings to meet redemptions than under normal market conditions. Each Fund reserves the right to redeem in kind. Redemptions in kind typically are used to meet redemption requests that represent a large percentage of a Fund’s net assets in order to limit the impact of a large redemption on the Fund and its remaining shareholders. Redemptions in kind may be used in normal as well as in stressed market conditions. A Fund may also borrow, or draw on lines of credit that may be available to the Fund individually or to the Trust, in order to meet redemption requests during stressed market conditions. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund is limited as to the amount that it may borrow and accordingly, borrowings (including those made under a line of credit) might be insufficient to meet redemption requests.

 

Online at www.rondureglobal.com

Redemptions may be made online via www.rondureglobal.com.

 

By Telephone

For an existing account you may redeem shares in your account in amounts up to $50,000 ($100,000 for corporate accounts) by calling a shareholder services representative at 1-855-775-3337 if you did not decline the telephone redemption privilege when establishing your account.

 

22

Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

By Mail/In Writing

To redeem shares by mail, please send written instructions to the address listed below. Please call a shareholder services representative for further details. Be sure to note from which Fund you would like to make the redemption.

 

Regular Mail:

Overnight Address:

Rondure Funds

Rondure Funds

P.O. Box 13664

1290 Broadway, Suite 1000

Denver, CO 80201

Denver, CO 80203

 

By Systematic Redemption

This program allows you to sell shares worth a specific dollar amount from your Fund account on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis. The minimum systematic redemption is $50. Although there is no charge to shareholders for using this systematic withdrawal plan, your Fund account balance must be at least $10,000 at the time you begin participation in the plan. If no date is specified on your request, systematic redemptions will be made on or about the 15th of each month. If the day falls on a weekend or legal holiday, the distribution will be made on the next business day.

 

You may terminate the systematic withdrawal plan at any time without charge or penalty. If the balance in the Fund account you are selling from falls to zero, your systematic withdrawal plan will be discontinued. If your balance is below the systematic withdrawal amount, the entire balance will be distributed and the plan will be discontinued. The Fund may terminate or modify the plan after 60 days’ written notice to shareholders.

 

By Broker/Intermediary

Redemptions, like purchases and exchanges, may also be effected through retirement plans, broker-dealers and financial intermediaries. Please contact your financial intermediary or refer to the appropriate plan documents for details. Your financial intermediary may charge a processing or service fee in connection with the redemption of shares.

 

Redemption Payments

In all cases, your redemption price is the net asset value per share next determined after your request is received in good order less any applicable redemption fees. Redemption proceeds normally will be sent within seven days. However, if you recently purchased your shares by check, your redemption proceeds will not be sent to you until your original check clears, which may take up to 10 business days. Your redemption proceeds can be sent by check to your address of record or by electronic funds transfer to a bank account designated on your application. Any request that your redemption proceeds be sent to a destination other than your bank account or address of record must be in writing and must include a signature guarantee.

 

The Fund is not responsible for losses or fees resulting from posting delays or non-receipt of redemption payments at your bank when shareholder payment instructions are followed.

 

Redemptions In-Kind

Each Fund reserves the right to make payment in securities rather than cash. If a Fund deems it in the best interests of all shareholders, and determines that the redeeming shareholder will not be favored over remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay redemption proceeds to the redeeming shareholder in whole or in part with securities held by the Fund. A redemption in-kind could occur under extraordinary circumstances, such as a very large redemption that could affect a Fund’s operations. Securities used to redeem Fund shares will be valued as described in “SHARE TRANSACTIONS – HOW FUND SHARES ARE PRICED” below. A shareholder may pay brokerage charges on the sale of any securities received as a result of a redemption in-kind.

 

Redemption Fees

If you sell or exchange your shares after holding them 60 days or less, a 2.00% short-term redemption fee may be deducted from the redemption amount. For this purpose, shares held longest will be treated as being redeemed first and shares held shortest as being redeemed last. The fees are paid to the Fund and are designed to help offset the brokerage commissions, market impact and other costs associated with short-term shareholder trading.

 

Each Fund also permits waivers of the short-term redemption fee for the following transactions:

 

Redemptions from shareholder accounts liquidated for failure to meet the minimum investment requirement;

 

Redemptions related to a disability as defined by Internal Revenue Service requirements;

 

Redemptions due to death for shares transferred from a decedent’s account to a beneficiary’s account;

 

Redemptions due to divorce for shares transferred pursuant to a divorce decree;

 

Redemptions of shares through a systematic withdrawal plan;

 

Broker-dealer sponsored wrap program accounts and/ or fee-based accounts maintained for clients of certain financial intermediaries who have entered into selling agreements with the Distributor;

 

Redemptions through an automatic, non-discretionary rebalancing or asset allocation program;

 

Redemptions due to a back office correction made to an account to provide the shareholder with the intended transaction;

 

Rollovers, transfers and changes of account registration within a Fund as long as the money never leaves the Fund, including transfers between share classes;

 

Redemptions in-kind;

 

Redemptions due to reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gains;

 

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Any involuntary redemption and/or exchange transactions, including, for example, those required by law or regulation, a regulatory agency, a court order or as a result of a liquidation of a Fund by the Board of Trustees;

 

Certain types of IRA account transactions, including redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, required minimum distributions, withdrawals due to disability or death, return of excess contribution amounts, and redemptions related to payment of custodian fees;

 

Certain types of employer-sponsored and 403(b) retirement plan transactions, including loans or hardship withdrawals, minimum required distributions, redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, forfeiture of assets, return of excess contribution amounts, redemptions related to payment of plan fees, and redemptions related to death, disability or qualified domestic relations order; and

 

Certain other transactions as deemed appropriate by the Adviser.

 

The application of short-term redemption fees and waivers may vary among intermediaries and certain intermediaries may not apply the waivers listed above. If you purchase, exchange or sell Fund shares through an intermediary, you should contact your intermediary for more information on whether the short-term redemption fee will be applied to redemptions of your shares.

 

Each Fund reserves the right to modify or eliminate the short-term redemption fee or waivers at any time. The redemption fee may be waived in cases where the nature of the transaction or circumstances do not pose risks to the policy and procedures to prevent market timing. Unitized group accounts consisting of qualified plan assets may be treated as a single account for redemption fee purposes.

 

Note: Each Fund has the right to suspend or postpone redemptions of shares for any period: (i) during which the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (ii) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; or (iii) during which (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or as otherwise permitted by the SEC.

 

Share Transactions

 

SMALL ACCOUNT BALANCES/MANDATORY REDEMPTIONS

The Funds have a $1,000 account minimum, except UTMA/UGMA and Coverdell accounts which have a $100 minimum. The Funds may require mandatory redemption of shares in accounts that fall below the minimum requirement. The Funds may also adopt other policies from time to time requiring mandatory redemption of shares in certain circumstances, such as to comply with new regulatory requirements.

 

SHARE CERTIFICATES

The Funds do not issue share certificates.

 

FREQUENT PURCHASES AND SALES OF FUND SHARES

The Funds do not permit market timing or other abusive trading practices. Each Fund reserves the right, but does not have the obligation, to reject any purchase or exchange transaction at any time. In addition, each Fund reserves the right to suspend their offering of shares or to impose restrictions on purchases or exchanges at any time that are more restrictive than those that are otherwise stated in this Prospectus with respect to disruptive, excessive or short-term trading.

 

Excessive short-term trading or other abusive trading practices may disrupt portfolio management strategies, increase brokerage and administrative costs and hurt Fund performance. The Board has adopted policies and procedures designed to deter frequent purchases, exchanges and redemptions and to seek to prevent market timing. To minimize harm to the Funds and their shareholders, each Fund reserves the right to reject, in its sole discretion, any purchase order from any investor it believes has a history of abusive trading or whose trading, in its judgment, has been or may be disruptive to the Fund. Each Fund may also refuse purchase and exchange transactions from Fund intermediaries it believes may be facilitating or have facilitated abusive trading practices. In making this judgment, the Funds may consider trading done in multiple accounts under common ownership or control.

 

On a periodic basis, the Transfer Agent will review transaction history reports and will identify redemptions that are within a specific time period from a previous purchase or exchange in the same account(s) in the Funds, or in multiple accounts that are known to be under common control. Redemptions meeting the criteria will be investigated for possible inappropriate trading.

 

Certain accounts, in particular omnibus accounts, include multiple investors and such accounts typically provide the Funds with a net purchase or redemption request on any given day. In these cases, purchases, exchanges and redemptions of Fund shares are netted against one another and the identity of individual purchasers and redeemers whose orders are aggregated may not be known by the Fund. Therefore, it becomes more difficult for the Fund to identify market timing or other abusive trading activities in these accounts, and the Fund may be unable to eliminate abusive traders in these accounts from the Fund. Further, identification of abusive traders may also be limited by operational systems and technical limitations. To the extent abusive or disruptive trading is identified, each Fund will encourage omnibus account intermediaries to address such trading activity in a manner consistent with how the Fund would address such activity directly, if it were able to do so.

 

Due to the complexity and subjectivity involved in identifying market timing and other abusive trading practices, there can be no assurance that the Funds’ efforts will identify all market timing or abusive trading activities. Therefore, investors should not assume that the Fund will be able to detect or prevent all practices that may disadvantage the Fund.

 

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Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

VERIFICATION OF ACCOUNTING STATEMENTS

You must contact the Fund in writing regarding any errors or discrepancies within 60 days after the date of the statement confirming a transaction. The Fund may deny your ability to refute a transaction if it does not hear from you within 60 days after the confirmation statement date.

 

INSUFFICIENT FUNDS POLICY

The Funds reserve the right to cancel a purchase if a check or electronic funds transfer does not clear your bank. A Fund may charge your account a $20 fee, and you will be responsible for any losses or fees imposed by your bank and any losses that may be incurred by the Fund as a result of the canceled purchase. If you are already a shareholder in the Fund, the Fund may redeem shares in your account(s) to cover losses due to fluctuations in share price.

 

CLOSING OR REOPENING FUNDS

The Adviser or a Fund may take action to periodically close (“hard close”) or limit inflows into (“soft close”) the Fund to protect the integrity of a Fund’s investment strategy or objective. Hard closing or soft closing Funds can be an important component of portfolio management, particularly for Funds that primarily invest in smaller companies. The Adviser believes that closing Funds or restricting inflows through some or all channels from time-to-time is in the best interest of Fund shareholders. Conversely, when the assets of a closed or restricted Fund are at a level that the Adviser believes assets could be invested without impairing the Fund, the Adviser may reopen the Fund. The Adviser retains the right to make exceptions to any action taken to close or limit inflows into a Fund.

 

HOW FUNDS ARE CLOSED OR REOPENED

Fund closings or reopenings will be posted on the Funds’ website at www.rondureglobal.com The Adviser will make every effort to post information related to Fund closings at least two weeks prior to the effective date of the closing.

 

Each change in a Fund’s status also will be filed electronically with the SEC. Please see “ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT EACH FUND – HOW TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL INFORMATION” about how to view or obtain copies of documents filed with the SEC.

 

HOW FUND SHARES ARE PRICED

The Board has approved procedures to be used to value the Funds’ securities for the purposes of determining the Fund’s NAV. The valuation of the securities of each Fund is determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Board. The Board has delegated certain valuation functions for the Funds to the Administrator.

 

Each Fund generally values its securities based on market prices determined at the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time) on each business day (Monday through Friday). Each Fund will not value its securities on any day that the NYSE is closed, including the following observed holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. Each Fund’s currency valuations, if any, are done as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally, 4 p.m. Eastern time). For equity securities that are traded on an exchange, the market price is usually the closing sale or official closing price on that exchange. In the case of securities not traded on an exchange, or if such closing prices are not otherwise available, the market price is typically determined by independent third party pricing vendors approved by the Funds’ Board using a variety of pricing techniques and methodologies. The market price for debt obligations (including short-term debt obligations that will mature in 60 days or less) is generally the price supplied by an independent third-party pricing service approved by the Funds’ Board, which may use a matrix, formula or other objective method that takes into consideration market indices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. In certain circumstances, bid and ask prices may be obtained from (i) a broker/dealer specified and deemed reliable by the Adviser, (ii) pink sheets, yellow sheets or the blue list, or (iii) a pricing agent that obtains quotations from broker/dealers or evaluates the value of the respective bid and ask prices. Short-term debt obligations that will mature in 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, unless it is determined that using this method would not reflect an investment’s fair value. If vendors are unable to supply a price, or if the price supplied is deemed to be unreliable, the market price may be determined using quotations received from one or more brokers/dealers that make a market in the security.

 

When such prices or quotations are not available, or when the Adviser believes that they are unreliable, securities may be priced using fair value procedures approved by the Board. Because each Fund invests in securities that may be thinly traded or for which market quotations may not be readily available or may be unreliable (such as securities of small capitalization companies), the Fund may use fair valuation procedures more frequently than funds that invest primarily in securities that are more liquid (such as equity securities of large capitalization domestic issuers). The Funds may also use fair value procedures if the Adviser determines that a significant event has occurred between the time at which a market price is determined and the time at which the Funds’ net asset value is calculated. In particular, the value of non-U.S. securities may be materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which they are traded, but before each Fund prices its shares.

 

Each Fund may determine the fair value of investments based on information provided by pricing services and other third-party vendors, which may recommend fair value prices or adjustments with reference to other securities, indices or assets. In considering whether fair value pricing is required and in determining fair values, each Fund may, among other things, consider significant events (which may be considered to include changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after the close of the relevant market and before the Fund values its securities. In addition, each Fund may utilize modeling tools provided by third-party vendors to determine fair values of non-U.S. securities. The Funds’ use of fair value pricing may help deter “stale price arbitrage.”

 

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Valuing securities at fair value involves greater reliance on judgment than valuation of securities based on readily available market quotations. A fund that uses fair value to price securities may value those securities higher or lower than another fund using market quotations or its own fair value methodologies to price the same securities. There can be no assurance that a Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its net asset value.

 

Each Fund invests, or may invest, in securities that are traded on foreign exchanges or markets, which may be open when the NYSE is closed. As a result, the value of your investment in each Fund may change on days when you are unable to purchase or redeem shares.

 

CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION PROGRAM

To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires the Funds’ Transfer Agent to obtain certain personal information from you (or persons acting on your behalf) in order to verify your (or such person’s) identity when you open an account, including name, address, date of birth and other information (which may include certain documents) that will allow the Transfer Agent to verify your identity. If this information is not provided, the Transfer Agent may not be able to open your account. If the Transfer Agent is unable to verify your identity (or that of another person authorized to act on your behalf) shortly after your account is opened, or believes it has identified potentially criminal activity, the Funds, the Distributor and the Transfer Agent each reserve the right to reject further purchase orders from you or to take such other action as they deem reasonable or required by law, including closing your account and redeeming your shares at their NAV at the time of redemption.

 

If you are opening an account in the name of a legal entity (e.g., a partnership, business trust, limited liability company, corporation, etc.), you may be required to supply the identity of the beneficial owner or controlling person(s) of the legal entity prior to the opening of your account. The Fund may request additional information about you (which may include certain documents, such as articles of incorporation for companies) to help the Transfer Agent verify your identity.

 

MEDALLION SIGNATURE GUARANTEE

A Medallion Signature Guarantee assures that a signature is genuine. It is intended to protect shareholders and the Funds against fraudulent transactions by unauthorized persons. A signature guarantee is required if any of the following is applicable:

 

You request a redemption by check above $50,000 ($100,000 for corporate accounts);

 

You would like a check made payable to anyone other than the shareholder(s) of record.

 

You would like a redemption made within 30 days of an address change.

 

You would like a redemption of shares purchased within the prior 90 days from a new bank account or updated bank account, regardless of payment instructions.

 

You would like a check mailed to an address other than the address of record.

 

You would like your redemption proceeds sent to a bank account other than a bank account of record.

 

The Funds reserve the right to require a signature guarantee under other circumstances or to reject or delay a redemption on certain legal grounds.

 

A signature guarantee may be refused if any of the following is applicable:

 

It does not appear valid or in good form.

 

The transaction amount exceeds the surety bond limit of the signature guarantee.

 

The guarantee stamp has been reported as stolen, missing or counterfeit.

 

HOW TO OBTAIN A MEDALLION SIGNATURE GUARANTEE

Medallion Signature Guarantees must be obtained from a participant in a Medallion program endorsed by the Securities Transfer Association. Participants are typically commercial banks or trust companies in the United States, brokerage firms that are members of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. or members of the New York Stock Exchange. Call your financial institution to see if it participates in a medallion program.

 

A Medallion Signature Guarantee may not be provided by a notary public.

 

Dividends and Distributions

 

The Funds normally pay income dividends and distribute capital gains, if any, on an annual basis. As regulated investment companies (“RICs”), the Funds are required to pay out substantially all of their income and capital gains on at least an annual basis to avoid double-taxation to shareholders.

 

Income dividend distributions are derived from interest and other income each Fund receives from its collateral holdings and include distributions of short-term capital gains. Such income is netted with Fund expenses to determine the income dividend. Long-term capital gain distributions are derived from gains realized when a Fund sells an investment it has owned for more than a year, from capital gain distributions from securities in which the Fund own an investment, or from transactions in exchange-traded futures that qualify as section 1256 contracts, which may generate both short-term and long-term capital gains distributions.

 

A Fund may make additional distributions and dividends at other times if the Adviser believes doing so may be necessary for the Fund to avoid or reduce taxes. Distributions and dividends are reinvested in additional Fund shares unless you instruct the

 

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Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

Transfer Agent to have your distributions and/or dividends paid by check mailed to the address of record or transferred through an Automated Clearing House to the bank of your choice. You can change your choice at any time to be effective as of the next distribution or dividend, except that any change given to the Transfer Agent less than five days before the payment date will not be effective until the next distribution or dividend is made. Distribution checks will only be issued for payments greater than $25.00. Distributions will automatically be reinvested in shares of the fund(s) generating the distribution if under $25.00. Un-cashed distribution checks will be canceled and proceeds reinvested at the then current net asset value, for any shareholder who chooses to receive distributions in cash, if distribution checks: (1) are returned and marked as “undeliverable” or (2) remain un-cashed for six months after the date of issuance. If distribution checks are canceled and reinvested, your account election may also be changed so that all future distributions are reinvested rather than paid in cash. Interest will not accrue on uncashed distribution checks.

 

Taxes

 

The discussion below only addresses the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Funds for U.S. persons and does not address any foreign, state or local tax consequences. For purposes of this discussion, U.S. persons are:

 

U.S. citizens or residents;

 

U.S. corporations;

 

an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or certain electing trusts that were in existence on August 20, 1996, and were treated as domestic trusts on August 19, 1996.

 

This discussion does not address issues of significance to U.S. persons in special situations such as (i) certain types of tax-exempt organizations, (ii) shareholders holding shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plan accounts or individual retirement accounts), (iii) shareholders holding investments through foreign institutions (financial and non- financial), (iv) financial institutions, (v) broker-dealers, (vi) entities not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, (vii) shareholders holding shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction, and (viii) shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax. If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. For further information regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Fund, investors should see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Taxation of the Funds.”

 

Non-U.S. persons that are considering the purchase of shares should consult with their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares in the Funds.

 

The Funds intend to meet all requirements under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) necessary to qualify for treatment as a “regulated investment company” and thus do not expect to pay any U.S. federal income tax on income and capital gains distributed to shareholders. The Funds also intend to meet certain distribution requirements such that neither Fund is subject to U.S. federal income tax in general. If a Fund does not meet the distribution requirements, the Fund may be subject to significant excise taxes. This discussion is based on the assumption that the Funds will qualify under Subchapter M of the Code as RICs and will satisfy these distribution requirements. There can be no guarantee that this assumption will be correct.

 

TAXATION OF FUND DISTRIBUTIONS

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, shareholders of RICs are generally subject to taxation based on the underlying character of the income and gain recognized by the RIC and distributed to the shareholders.

 

Distributions of net capital gains that are properly designated by a Fund as capital gain dividends (“capital gain dividends”) will be taxable to Fund shareholders as long-term capital gains. Generally, distributions of earnings derived from ordinary income and short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income. The Funds do not expect a significant portion of their distributions to derive from “qualified dividend income,” which will be taxed to non-corporate shareholders at favorable rates so long as certain requirements are met. Corporate shareholders may be able to take a dividends-received deduction for a portion of the dividends they receive from a Fund to the extent such dividends are received by the Fund from a domestic corporation and to the extent a portion of interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund are treated as dividends subject, in each case, to certain holding period requirements and debt-financing limitations.

 

Some of the Funds’ investments, such as certain option transactions and certain futures transactions, may be “section 1256 contracts.” Section 1256 contracts are taxed annually on a “marked to market” basis as if sold for their fair market values at the end of the tax year. Gains and losses on section 1256 contracts are generally treated as 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss (with certain exceptions).

 

Each Fund may also realize long-term capital gains when it sells or redeems a security that it has owned for more than one year and when it receives capital gain distributions from ETFs in which that Fund owns investments. Each Fund may realize short-term capital gains from the sale of investments that such Fund owned for one year or less. Each Fund may realize ordinary income from distributions from ETFs, from foreign currency gains that are not section 1256 contracts, from interest on indebtedness owned by a Fund and from other sources.

 

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The maximum long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals is 20% in addition to the 3.8% surtax on net investment income described below. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Taxation of Fund Distributions.”

 

Distributions of earnings are taxable whether or not a shareholder receives them in cash or reinvests them in additional shares. If a distribution of earnings is made shortly after a shareholder purchases shares of a Fund, while in effect a return of capital, the dividend or distribution is still taxable. A shareholder can avoid this, if they choose, by investing after a Fund has paid a dividend.

 

SALE OR REDEMPTION OF FUND SHARES

A shareholder’s sale or redemption of Fund shares will generally result in taxable gain (if positive) or loss (if negative) in an amount equal to (i) the amount realized, reduced by (ii) the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the Fund shares sold or redeemed. A shareholder who receives securities in redemption of shares of a Fund will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between (i) the aggregate fair market value of the securities received plus the amount of any cash received (net of any applicable fees), and (ii) the shareholder’s adjusted basis in the shares redeemed.

 

Any capital gain or loss realized upon the sale or redemption of shares of a Fund is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for one year or less. In certain situations, a loss on the sale or redemption of shares held for six months or less will be a long-term loss. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to significant limitations.

 

Any loss realized on a sale or redemption of shares of a Fund may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent that the shares disposed of are replaced with other substantially identical shares of a Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before the shares are disposed of, such as pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in shares of a Fund. Persons redeeming shares should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether the wash sale rules apply and when such a loss might be deductible. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Sale or Redemption of Shares.”

 

TAXATION OF CERTAIN INVESTMENTS

A Fund’s investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding or other taxes, which would reduce the Fund’s yield on such securities. Shareholders generally will not be entitled to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes paid by a Fund, although it is possible that the Fund may be able to elect to pass through foreign tax credits or deductions to its shareholders. The Funds make no assurances regarding their ability or willingness to so elect. In addition, a Fund’s investments in foreign securities or foreign currencies may increase or accelerate the Fund’s recognition of ordinary income and may affect the timing or amount of the Fund’s distributions. For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Special Tax Considerations.”

 

A Fund may, at times, buy debt obligations at a discount from the price at which they were originally issued, especially during periods of rising interest rates. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, any original issue discount inherent in such investments will be included in a Fund’s ordinary income when and as it accrues as required by applicable law. Even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time and will be subject to the risk of nonpayment, it will be distributed to shareholders as taxable dividends.

 

A Fund may also buy debt obligations in the secondary market which are treated as having market discount. Generally, gain recognized on the disposition of such an investment is treated as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of the accrued market discount, but a Fund may elect instead to currently include the amount of market discount as ordinary income even though the Fund does not receive payment of such amount at that time. A Fund’s investments in certain debt obligations, mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and derivatives may also cause the Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such obligations. Thus, a Fund could be required at times to liquidate other investments in order to satisfy its distribution requirements, potentially increasing the amount of capital gain dividends made to shareholders.

 

If a Fund invests in stock of a real-estate investment trust (a “REIT”), it may be eligible to pay “section 199A dividends” to its shareholders with respect to qualified dividends received by it from its investment in REITs. Section 199A dividends are taxable to individual and other noncorporate shareholders at a reduced effective federal income tax rate, provided that certain holding period requirements and other conditions are satisfied.

 

Surtax on Net Investment Income

A surtax of 3.8% applies to net investment income of an individual taxpayer, and to the undistributed net investment income of a trust or estate, to the extent that the taxpayer recognizes gross income (as adjusted) in excess of a certain amount for a year. Net investment income includes, among other types of income, ordinary income, dividend income and capital gain derived from an investment in a Fund. For information regarding the surtax on net investment income, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Surtax on Net Investment Income.”

 

Cost Basis Reporting

The Funds (or their administrative agent) must report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and furnish to Fund shareholders (other than shareholders who hold their shares through certain tax-advantaged arrangements such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account) the cost basis information for Fund shares that are sold and that were purchased by the Fund shareholder on or after January 1, 2012. If a shareholder does not make a timely election among the available IRS-accepted cost basis methods, the Funds will use a default cost basis method for the shareholder. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers concerning the most desirable IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situations.

 

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Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

BACKUP WITHHOLDING

The Funds are also required in certain circumstances to apply backup withholding on taxable dividends, redemption proceeds and certain other payments that are paid to any shareholder who does not furnish to the Funds certain information and certifications or who is otherwise subject to backup withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is currently 24%. For more information regarding backup withholding, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Backup Withholding.”

 

FOREIGN ACCOUNTS

Shareholders that invest in a Fund through foreign accounts may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on: (1) income dividends paid by the Fund, and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of a sale of Fund shares paid after December 31, 2018. This withholding tax generally may be avoided if the financial institution that maintains the account satisfies certain registration, certification and reporting requirements. For more information regarding withholding with respect to foreign accounts, see the SAI.

 

Investors should consult with their tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.

 

Financial Highlights

 

The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the Funds’ financial performance for the fiscal periods noted below. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in a Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from the Funds’ financial statements audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, whose report, along with the Funds’ financial statements, are included in the Funds’ annual report, which is available upon request by calling the Funds at 1-855-775-3337.

 

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Rondure New World Fund - Institutional Class

Financial Highlights

 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout the Period Presented

 

Institutional Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

For the Period
May 2, 2017
(Commencement
of Operations) to
April 30, 2018

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 11.25     $ 10.00  
                 

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

               

Net investment income(a)

    0.09       0.05  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (0.45 )     1.23  

Total income/(loss) from investment operations

    (0.36 )     1.28  
                 

DISTRIBUTIONS

               

From net investment income

    (0.09 )     (0.03 )

From net realized gain on investments

          (0.00 )(b)

Total distributions

    (0.09 )     (0.03 )
                 

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)
                 

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (0.45 )     1.25  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 10.80     $ 11.25  
                 

TOTAL RETURN

    (3.09 )%     12.78 %(c)
                 

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

               

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 110,800     $ 100,760  
                 

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

               

Expenses (excluding fees waived/ reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.46 %     1.62 %(d)

Expenses (including fees waived/ reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.10 %     1.10 %(d)

Net investment income

    0.87 %     0.43 %(d)
                 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    37 %     13 %(c)

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

 

(b)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

 

(c)

Not Annualized.

 

(d)

Annualized.

 

 

 

30

Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

Rondure New World Fund - Investor Class

Financial Highlights

 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout the Period Presented

 

Investor Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

For the Period
May 2, 2017
(Commencement
of Operations) to
April 30, 2018

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 11.24     $ 10.00  
                 

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

               

Net investment income(a)

    0.07       0.03  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (0.46 )     1.22  

Total income/(loss) from investment operations

    (0.39 )     1.25  
                 

DISTRIBUTIONS

               

From net investment income

    (0.07 )     (0.01 )

From net realized gain on investments

          (0.00 )(b)

Total distributions

    (0.07 )     (0.01 )
                 

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)
                 

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (0.46 )     1.24  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 10.78     $ 11.24  
                 

TOTAL RETURN

    (3.37 )%     12.53 %(c)
                 

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

               

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 20,595     $ 24,233  
                 

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

               

Expenses (excluding fees waived/ reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.76 %     1.91 %(d)

Expenses (including fees waived/ reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.35 %     1.35 %(d)

Net investment income

    0.66 %     0.24 %(d)
                 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    37 %     13 %(c)

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

 

(b)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

 

(c)

Not Annualized.

 

(d)

Annualized.

 

 

 

1.855.775.3337 | www.rondureglobal.com

31

 

 

 

Rondure Overseas Fund - Institutional Class

Financial Highlights

 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout the Period Presented

 

Institutional Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

For the Period
May 2, 2017
(Commencement
of Operations) to
April 30, 2018

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 11.46     $ 10.00  
                 

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

               

Net investment income(a)

    0.10       0.10  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (0.31 )     1.48  

Total income/(loss) from investment operations

    (0.21 )     1.58  
                 

DISTRIBUTIONS

               

From net investment income

    (0.11 )     (0.04 )

From net realized gain on investments

    (0.03 )     (0.08 )

Total distributions

    (0.14 )     (0.12 )
                 

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (b)     0.00  (b)
                 

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (0.35 )     1.46  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 11.11     $ 11.46  
                 

TOTAL RETURN

    (1.76 )%     15.88 %(c)
                 

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

               

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 18,845     $ 14,283  
                 

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

               

Expenses (excluding fees waived/ reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.72 %     2.57 %(d)

Expenses (including fees waived/ reimbursed by investment advisor)

    0.85 %     0.85 %(d)

Net investment income

    0.95 %     0.92 %(d)
                 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    40 %     14 %(c)

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

 

(b)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

 

(c)

Not Annualized.

 

(d)

Annualized.

 

 

 

32

Rondure Funds | 2019 Prospectus

 

 

 

Rondure Overseas Fund - Investor Class

Financial Highlights

 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout the Period Presented

 

Investor Class

 

Year Ended
April 30, 2019

   

For the Period
May 2, 2017
(Commencement
of Operations) to
April 30, 2018

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 11.48     $ 10.00  
                 

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

               

Net investment income(a)

    0.08       0.09  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    (0.32 )     1.46  

Total income/(loss) from investment operations

    (0.24 )     1.55  
                 

DISTRIBUTIONS

               

From net investment income

    (0.09 )      

From net realized gain on investments

    (0.03 )     (0.08 )

Total distributions

    (0.12 )     (0.08 )
                 

REDEMPTION FEES ADDED TO PAID-IN CAPITAL

    0.00  (b)     0.01  
                 

INCREASE/DECREASE IN NET ASSET VALUE

    (0.36 )     1.48  

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 11.12     $ 11.48  
                 

TOTAL RETURN

    (1.98 )%     15.63 %(c)
                 

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

               

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 3,922     $ 5,189  
                 

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

               

Expenses (excluding fees waived/ reimbursed by investment advisor)

    2.04 %     2.45 %(d)

Expenses (including fees waived/ reimbursed by investment advisor)

    1.10 %     1.10 %(d)

Net investment income

    0.74 %     0.82 %(d)
                 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    40 %     14 %(c)

 

(a)

Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.

 

(b)

Less than $0.005 or ($0.005) per share.

 

(c)

Not Annualized.

 

(d)

Annualized.

 

1.855.775.3337 | www.rondureglobal.com

33

 

 

Additional Information About Each Fund

 

 

SHAREHOLDER REPORTS

Annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders provide additional information about the Funds’ investments. These reports discuss the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance.

 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The SAI provides more detailed information about each Fund. It is incorporated by reference into (is legally a part of) this Prospectus. The SAI is not distributed to shareholders. The latest versions will be available at www.rondureglobal.com.

 

HOUSEHOLDING RELATIONSHIPS

The Funds send one financial report and Prospectus for everyone at the same address. Contact the Transfer Agent if you do not want this policy to apply to you.

 

HOW TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

You can obtain shareholder reports or the SAI (without charge), make inquiries or request other information about the Funds by contacting the Transfer Agent at 1-855-775-3337, by writing the Funds at P.O. Box 13664, Denver, CO, 80201, or by calling your financial consultant. This information is also available free of charge on the Funds’ website at www.rondureglobal.com.

 

You can get copies of the Funds’ shareholder reports, Prospectus and SAI after paying a fee by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov. You can get the same reports and information free from the EDGAR Database on the Commission’s Internet web site at http://www.sec.gov.

 

SHAREHOLDER SERVICES CONTACT INFORMATION

Phone:    1-855-775-3337

    (Monday – Friday, 7:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m. Mountain time)

 

E-mail:    rondureglobal@alpsinc.com

 

Mail:    P.O. Box 13664 Denver, CO 80201

 

 

 

 

If someone makes a statement about a Fund that is not in this Prospectus, you should not rely upon that information. Neither the Funds nor the Distributor is offering to sell shares of a Fund to any person to whom that Fund may not lawfully sell its shares.

 

(Investment Company Act file no. 811-8194)

 

 

August 31, 2019

 

SEAFARER OVERSEAS GROWTH AND INCOME FUND

 

SEAFARER OVERSEAS VALUE FUND

 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

Name of Fund Ticker
Investor Class Institutional Class
Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund SFGIX SIGIX
Seafarer Overseas Value Fund SFVLX SIVLX

 

Seafarer Funds

P.O. Box 44474

Denver, CO 80201

 

This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") expands upon and supplements the information contained in the current Prospectus for Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares (collectively, the "Shares") of the Funds listed above, each of which is a separate series of Financial Investors Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the "Trust"). Each of these series of the Trust represents shares of beneficial interest in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets with its own investment objective and policies. Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC (the "Adviser") is the investment adviser of the Funds.

 

This SAI is not a prospectus and is only authorized for distribution when preceded or accompanied by each Fund's current prospectus dated August 31, 2019, as supplemented from time to time (the "Prospectus"). This SAI supplements and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus, a copy of each of which may be obtained without charge by writing the Funds at the address listed above, or by calling the Funds' transfer agent at 1-855-732-9220. The Funds' most recent Annual Report, if any, is incorporated by reference into this SAI and can be obtained free of charge, by calling the toll-free number printed above.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

  Page
Classification, Investment Objectives and Policies   1
Additional Investment Activities and Risks 4
Investment Limitations 54
Portfolio Turnover 56
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings   56
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage 60
Purchase, Exchange & Redemption of Shares   64
Trustees and Officers   70
Investment Adviser   79
Distributor 81
Code of Ethics 81
Administrator 81
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures 81
Control Persons, Principal Shareholders and Management Ownership 82
Expenses 83
Portfolio Managers   83
Net Asset Value   87
Federal Income Taxes   87
Description of the Trust 99
Other Information about the Funds   100
Performance Information   101
Financial Statements 101
Appendix A -- Description of Securities Ratings A-1
Appendix B -- Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures B-1

 

 

CLASSIFICATION, INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

 

Financial Investors Trust

 

This SAI includes information about two series of the Trust, the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund and the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund (each a “Fund,” collectively, the “Funds”). Each Fund is a series of the Trust, an open-end, management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust on November 30, 1993.

 

Each Fund is advised by Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC (“Seafarer” or the “Adviser”).

 

Classification

 

The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), classifies mutual funds as either diversified or non-diversified. Each Fund is classified as diversified.

 

What are the Funds’ Investment Objectives?

 

The Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation along with some current income, and seeks to mitigate adverse volatility in returns as a secondary objective.

The Seafarer Overseas Value Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation.

 

While there is no assurance that a Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in the Prospectus.

 

The Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change this objective or a Fund’s principal investment strategies without a shareholder vote. The Fund will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to a Fund’s objective or principal investment strategies, you should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

Investment Strategies and Risks

 

Each of the Funds’ principal investment strategies and the principal risks associated with those strategies are described in the Prospectus. The following section describes each Fund’s principal investment strategies.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

 

Under normal market conditions, the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing at least 80% of its total assets in dividend-paying common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities, and debt obligations of foreign companies (which the Fund regards as companies located outside the United States), foreign governments and their agencies, where “total assets” means net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

1

 

The Fund seeks to offer investors a relatively stable means of participating in a portion of developing countries’ growth prospects, while providing some downside protection, in comparison to a portfolio that invests only in the common stocks of developing countries. The strategy of owning convertible bonds and dividend-paying equities is intended to help the Fund meet its investment objective while reducing the volatility of the portfolio’s returns.

 

The Fund can invest without constraint in the securities of companies located in developing countries. The Adviser considers that most nations in Africa, East and South Asia, Emerging Europe, Central and South America (“Latin America”), and the Middle East are developing countries. Currently, these nations include, but are not limited to:

 

Africa: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Tunisia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

 

East and South Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam

 

Emerging Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey, and Ukraine

 

Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago

 

Middle East: Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates

 

Seafarer identifies developing countries based on its own analysis and measure of industrialization, economic growth, per capita income, and other factors; it may also consider classifications produced by the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation, the United Nations, and private financial services firms such as FTSE and MSCI.

 

The Fund may also invest in the securities of companies located in selected foreign developed nations, which in the Adviser’s opinion have significant economic and financial linkages to developing countries. Currently, and solely with respect to the geographical scope of the Fund, these nations include Australia, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, and the United Kingdom.

 

The Adviser determines a company’s location based on a number of factors. A company is generally regarded by the Adviser as being located in a particular country if the company: (i) is organized under the laws of, maintains its principal place of business in, or has, as its principal trading market for the company’s securities, the particular country; or (ii) derives 50% or more of its total revenue or profit from either goods or services produced or sales made in the particular country; or (iii) has more than 50% of its assets in the particular country.

 

Exposure to foreign companies through the Fund’s investments in depositary receipts will be included in the Fund’s percentage of total assets invested in foreign securities.

 

2

 

The Fund may typically invest in convertible securities and debt obligations of any quality or duration. Such debt obligations may include, but are not limited to, investments in below investment grade debt, also known as “junk bonds.”  The Fund may allocate among equity and debt investments without limitation.

 

The Fund may generally invest in companies of any size or capitalization, including smaller companies. The Fund generally invests in companies with market capitalizations of $250 million or more at the time of purchase. The securities of certain issuers may from time to time constitute more than five percent (5%) of the Fund’s net assets.

 

Seafarer Overseas Value Fund

 

Under normal market conditions, the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in common stocks, preferred stocks, and debt obligations of foreign companies (which the Fund regards as companies located outside the United States).

 

The Fund’s portfolio is generally comprised of securities identified through a bottom-up security selection process based on thorough fundamental research.  The Fund’s investment adviser, Seafarer, intends to employ a “value” style of investing. A “value” style of investing emphasizes investing in companies that currently have low or depressed valuations, but which also have the prospect of achieving improved valuations in the future. The Fund seeks to produce a minimum long-term rate of return by investing in securities priced at a discount to their intrinsic value.  

 

The Fund can invest without constraint in the securities of companies located in developing countries. Seafarer considers that most nations in Africa, East and South Asia, Emerging Europe, Central and South America (“Latin America”), and the Middle East are developing countries. Currently, these nations include, but are not limited to:

 

Africa: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Tunisia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

 

East and South Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam

 

Emerging Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey, and Ukraine

 

Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago

 

Middle East: Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates

 

Seafarer identifies developing countries based on its own analysis and measure of industrialization, economic growth, per capita income, and other factors; it may also consider classifications produced by the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation, the United Nations, and private financial services firms such as FTSE and MSCI.

3

 

The Fund may also invest in the securities of companies located in selected foreign developed nations, which in the Adviser’s opinion have significant economic and financial linkages to developing countries. Currently, and solely with respect to the geographical scope of the Fund, these nations include, but are not limited to, Hong Kong and Singapore.

 

The Adviser determines a company’s location based on a number of factors. A company is generally regarded by the Adviser as being located in a particular country if the company: (i) is organized under the laws of, maintains its principal place of business in, or has, as its principal trading market for the company’s securities, the particular country; or (ii) derives 50% or more of its total revenue or profit from either goods or services produced or sales made in the particular country; or (iii) has more than 50% of its assets in the particular country.

 

Exposure to foreign companies through the Fund’s investments in depositary receipts will be included in the Fund’s percentage of total assets invested in foreign securities.

 

The Fund may typically invest in debt obligations of any quality or duration. Such debt obligations may include, but are not limited to, investments in below investment grade debt, also known as “junk bonds.” The Fund may allocate among equity and debt investments without limitation.

 

The Fund may generally invest in companies of any size or capitalization, including smaller companies. The Fund generally invests in companies with market capitalizations of $250 million or more at the time of purchase. The securities of certain issuers may from time to time constitute more than five percent (5%) of the Fund’s net assets.

 

ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES AND RISKS

 

The principal risks associated with each Fund’s principal investment strategies are described in the Prospectus. The following section describes in greater detail than the Prospectus certain of the Funds’ investment strategies and the associated risks.

 

 

Seafarer Overseas

Growth and

Income Fund

Seafarer Overseas

Value Fund

Bank Obligations
Borrowing
Cash Position
Combined Transactions
Common Stock
Convertible Securities
Credit Default Swaps
Credit Ratings
Currency Transactions
Depositary Receipts
Derivatives
Emerging and Frontier Market Risks
Equity Investments
Exchange Traded Fund and Other Similar Instruments
Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities
Fixed Income Securities
Floating and Variable Rate Instruments
Foreign Currency Risks
Foreign Securities
Foreign Sub-custodians
Futures Contracts
High Yield Securities
Illiquid Securities
Inflation-Indexed Bonds
Interest-Only Securities
Interest Rate and Equity Swaps and Related Transactions
Interest Rate Futures Contracts
Investment Risk Management
Loans of Portfolio Securities
Market Risk
Money Market Instruments/Securities
Mortgage-Related And Other Asset Backed Securities
Options
Options on Currencies
Options on Futures Contracts
Options on Stocks and Stock Indices
Portfolio Turnover
Preferred Stock
Regional and Country Risks
Repurchase Agreements
Restricted Securities and Securities with Limited Trading Markets (Rule 144A)
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
Securities Related Activities
Short Sales
Temporary Defensive Positions
Use of Segregated and Other Special Accounts
U.S. Government Securities
Variable Interest Entities
Warrants and Rights
Zero Coupon Securities, Pay-In-Kind Bonds and Deferred Payment Securities

4

 

Bank Obligations

 

Bank obligations that may be purchased by the Fund include certificates of deposit, banker’s acceptances and fixed time deposits.  A certificate of deposit is a short-term negotiable certificate issued by a commercial bank against funds deposited in the bank and is either interest-bearing or purchased on a discount basis.  A banker’s acceptance is a short-term draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower, usually in connection with an international commercial transaction.  The borrower is liable for payment, as is the bank, which unconditionally guarantees to pay the draft at its face amount on the maturity date.  Fixed time deposits are obligations of branches of U.S. or non-U.S. banks which are payable at a stated maturity date and bear a fixed rate of interest.  Although fixed time deposits do not have a market, there are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in the deposit to a third party.  Bank obligations may be general obligations of the parent bank or may be limited to the issuing branch by the terms of the specific obligations or by government regulation.   Securities issued or guaranteed by non-U.S. banks and non-U.S. branches of U.S. banks are subject to many of the risks of investing in non-U.S. securities generally.

5

 

Banks are subject to extensive governmental regulations which may limit both the amounts and types of loans and other financial commitments which may be made and interest rates and fees which may be charged.  The profitability of this industry is to a significant extent dependent upon the availability and cost of capital of funding used by the bank to finance its lending operations.  Also, general economic conditions play an important part in the operations of this industry and exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers might affect a bank’s ability to meet its obligations.

 

Borrowing

 

Borrowing creates an opportunity for increased return, but, at the same time, creates special risks.  Furthermore, if the Fund were to engage in borrowing, an increase in interest rates could reduce the value of the Fund’s shares by increasing the Fund’s interest expense.

 

Subject to the limitations described under “Investment Limitations” below, the Fund may be permitted to borrow for temporary purposes and/or for investment purposes. Such a practice will result in leveraging of the Fund’s assets and may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so. This borrowing may be secured or unsecured. Provisions of the 1940 Act require the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets made for temporary administrative purposes. Any borrowings for temporary administrative purposes in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets will count against this asset coverage requirement. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint if the Fund sells securities at that time.  Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by appreciation of the securities purchased, if any. The Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowings or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

 

Cash Position

 

The Fund may not always stay fully invested in stocks or bonds. For example, when the portfolio manager believes that market conditions are unfavorable for profitable investing, or when the portfolio manager is otherwise unable to locate attractive investment opportunities, the Fund’s cash or similar investments may increase. In other words, cash or similar investments generally are a residual – they represent the assets that remain after the Fund has committed available assets to desirable investment opportunities. When the Fund’s investments in cash or similar investments increase, it may not participate in market advance or declines to the same extent that it would if the Fund remained more fully invested in stocks or bonds. 

6

 

Combined Transactions

 

The Fund may enter into multiple transactions, including multiple options transactions, multiple futures transactions, multiple currency transactions (including forward currency contracts), multiple interest rate transactions and any combination of futures, options, currency and interest rate transactions, instead of a single derivative, as part of a single or combined strategy when, in the judgment of the Adviser, it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so. A combined transaction will usually contain elements of risk that are present in each of its component transactions. Although combined transactions will normally be entered into by the Fund based on the Adviser’s judgment that the combined strategies will reduce risk or otherwise more effectively achieve the desired portfolio management goal, it is possible that the combination will instead increase the risks or hinder achievement of the Fund’s investment objective.

 

Common Stock

 

Common stocks are shares of a corporation or other entity that entitle the holder to a pro rata share of the profits of the corporation, if any, without preference over any other shareholder or class of shareholders, including holders of the entity’s preferred stock and other senior equity. Common stock usually carries with it the right to vote and frequently an exclusive right to do so.

 

Common stocks of companies that the Adviser believes have earnings that will grow faster than the economy as a whole are known as growth stocks. Growth stocks typically trade at higher multiples of current earnings than other stocks. As a result, the values of growth stocks may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the values of other stocks. If the Adviser’s assessment of the prospects for a company’s earnings growth is wrong, or if its judgment of how other investors will value the company’s earnings growth is wrong, then the price of that company’s stock may fall or may not approach the value that the Adviser has placed on it.

 

Common stocks of companies that are not expected to experience significant earnings growth, but whose stocks the Adviser believes are undervalued compared to their true worth, are known as value stocks. These companies may have experienced adverse business developments or may be subject to special risks that have caused their stocks to be out of favor. If the Adviser’s assessment of a company’s prospects is wrong, or if other investors do not eventually recognize the value of the company, then the price of the company’s stocks may fall or may not approach the value that the Adviser has placed on it.

 

Many stocks have both “growth” and “value” characteristics, and for some stocks it may be unclear which category, if any, it fits into.

 

Convertible Securities

 

The Fund may invest in convertible securities, which are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stock or other securities, which may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock of the same or different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula.  A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged.  Before conversion, convertible securities ordinarily provide a stream of income, which generate higher yields than those of common stocks of the same or similar issuers but lower than the yield on non-convertible debt.  Convertible securities are usually subordinate or are comparable to non-convertible securities but rank senior to common stock or shares in a company’s capital structure.   The value of a convertible security is a function of (i) its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege and (ii) its worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock.  Convertible securities are typically issued by smaller capitalized companies whose stock prices may be volatile.  The price of a convertible security often reflects such variations in the price of the underlying common stock in a way that non-convertible debt does not.  A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument. 

7

 

Credit Default Swaps

 

The Fund may enter into credit default swap contracts. When used for hedging purposes, the Fund would be the buyer of a credit default swap contract. In that case, the Fund would be entitled to receive the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation, index or other investment from the counterparty to the contract in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or foreign issuer, on the referenced debt obligation. In return, the Fund would pay to the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the Fund would have spent the stream of payments and received no benefit from the contract. When the Fund is the seller of a credit default swap contract, it receives the stream of payments but is obligated to pay upon default of the referenced debt obligation. As the seller, the Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. In the event a Fund is a credit default swap seller, the notional amount of the credit default swap will be segregated by the Fund to cover the outstanding position

 

In addition to the risks applicable to derivatives generally, credit default swaps involve special risks because they are difficult to value, are highly susceptible to liquidity and credit risk, and generally pay a return to the party that has paid the premium only in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation, as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial difficulty.

 

Credit default swaps may be subject to regulation by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or both. Both the CFTC and the SEC have issued guidance and relief regarding the implementation of various provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) relating to the use of swaps. As they attempt to finalize various rulemakings mandated by the Dodd-Frank Act, either or both of the CFTC and SEC may issue additional guidance or relief to provide additional clarity. Further action by the CFTC or SEC may affect the Fund’s ability to use credit default swaps or may require additional disclosure by the Fund.

 

Credit Ratings

 

The securities in which either Fund will invest will not be required to meet a minimum rating standard and may not be rated for creditworthiness by any internationally recognized credit rating organization. Such securities, commonly referred to as “junk bonds,” involve significantly greater risks, including price volatility and risk of default of payment of interest and principal than higher rated securities. An investment in either Fund should not be considered as a complete investment program for all investors. Moreover, substantial investments in non-U.S. securities may have adverse tax implications as described under “Federal Income Taxes.”

8

 

The Adviser will take various factors into consideration in evaluating the creditworthiness of an issuer. For corporate debt securities, such factors typically include the issuer’s financial resources, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, the operating history of the issuer, and the experience and track record of the issuer’s management. For sovereign debt instruments, these will typically include the economic and political conditions within the issuer’s country, the issuer’s overall and external debt levels and debt service ratios, the issuer’s access to capital markets and other sources of funding, and the issuer’s debt service payment history. The Adviser will also review the ratings, if any, assigned to the security by any recognized rating organizations, although the Adviser’s judgment as to the quality of a debt security may differ from that suggested by the rating published by a rating service. In addition to the foregoing credit analysis, the Adviser will evaluate the relative value of an investment compared with its perceived credit risk. The Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective may be more dependent on the Adviser’s credit analysis than would be the case if it invested in higher quality debt securities. A description of the ratings used by Moody’s and S&P is set forth in Appendix A.

 

Currency Transactions

 

The Fund may engage in currency transactions with counterparties to hedge the value of portfolio securities denominated in particular currencies against fluctuations in relative value, to gain or reduce exposure to certain currencies or to generate income or gains.

 

Currency transactions include currency forward contracts, exchange-listed currency futures contracts and options thereon, exchange-listed and over-the-counter (“OTC”) options on currencies and currency swaps. A forward currency contract involves a privately negotiated obligation to purchase or sell (with delivery generally required) a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. A currency swap is an agreement to exchange cash flows based on the notional difference among two or more currencies and operates similarly to an interest rate swap, which is described below under “Interest Rate and Equity Swaps and Related Transactions.”

 

The Fund may enter into a forward contract to sell, for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars, the amount of that currency approximating the value of some or all of the Fund’s portfolio securities denominated in such currency. For example, the Fund may do this if the Adviser believes that the currency of a particular country may decline in relation to the U.S. dollar. Forward contracts may limit potential gain from a positive change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. Transaction hedging includes entering into a currency transaction with respect to specific assets or liabilities of the Fund, which will generally arise in connection with the purchase or sale of portfolio securities or the receipt of income from them. Position hedging is entering into a currency transaction with respect to portfolio securities positions denominated or generally quoted in that currency.

 

The Fund may cross-hedge currencies by entering into transactions to purchase or sell one or more currencies that are expected to increase or decline in value relative to other currencies to which the Fund has or in which the Fund expects to have exposure. To reduce the effect of currency fluctuations on the value of existing or anticipated holdings of its securities, the Fund may also engage in proxy hedging. Proxy hedging is often used when the currency to which the Fund’s holdings is exposed is difficult to hedge generally or difficult to hedge against the dollar. Proxy hedging entails entering into a forward contract to sell a currency, the changes in the value of which are generally considered to be linked to a currency or currencies in which some or all of the Fund’s securities are or are expected to be denominated and to buy dollars.

9

 

If the Fund enters into a currency hedging transaction, the Fund will comply with the asset segregation requirements described below under “Use of Segregated and Other Special Accounts.”

 

Currency hedging involves some of the same risks and considerations as other derivative transactions. Currency transactions can result in losses to the Fund if the currency being hedged fluctuates in value to a degree or in a direction that is not anticipated. Further, the risk exists that the perceived linkage between various currencies may not be present or may not be present during the particular time that the Fund is engaging in these transactions. Currency transactions are also subject to risks different from those of other portfolio transactions. Because currency control is of great importance to the issuing governments and influences economic planning and policy, purchases and sales of currency and related instruments can be adversely affected by government exchange controls, limitations or restrictions on repatriation of currency and manipulations or exchange restrictions imposed by governments. These forms of governmental actions can result in losses to the Fund if it is unable to deliver or receive currency or monies in settlement of obligations and could also cause hedges it has entered into to be rendered useless, resulting in full currency exposure as well as incurring transaction costs. Buyers and sellers of currency futures contracts are subject to the same risks that apply to the use of futures contracts generally. Further, settlement of a currency futures contract for the purchase of most currencies must occur at a bank based in the issuing nation. Trading options on currency futures contracts is relatively new, and the ability to establish and close out positions on these options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid market that may not always be available. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate based on factors extrinsic to that country’s economy.

 

Depositary Receipts

 

Depositary receipts include sponsored and unsponsored depositary receipts that are or become available, including American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and other depositary receipts.  Depositary receipts are typically issued by a financial institution (“depositary”) and evidence ownership interests in a security or a pool of securities (“underlying securities”) that have been deposited with the depositary.  The depositary for ADRs is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer.  ADRs are publicly traded on exchanges or OTC in the United States and are issued through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” arrangements.  In a sponsored ADR arrangement, the non-U.S. issuer assumes the obligation to pay some or all of the depositary’s transaction fees, whereas under an unsponsored arrangement, the non-U.S. issuer assumes no obligation and the depositary’s transaction fees are paid by the ADR holders. In addition, less information is available in the United States about an unsponsored ADR than about a sponsored ADR, and the financial information about a company may not be as reliable for an unsponsored ADR as it is for a sponsored ADR.  In the case of GDRs, the depositary can be a non-U.S. or a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. GDRs allow companies in Europe, Asia, the United States and Latin America to offer shares in many markets around the world, thus allowing them to raise capital in these markets, as opposed to just in their home market.  The advantage of GDRs is that shares do not have to be bought through the issuing company’s home exchange, which may be difficult and expensive, but can be bought on all major stock exchanges.  In addition, the share price and all dividends are converted to the shareholder’s home currency.  As for other depositary receipts, the depositary may be a non-U.S. or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may have a non-U.S. or a U.S. issuer.  For purposes of the Fund’s investment policies, investments in depositary receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities.  Thus, a depositary receipt representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock.  Depositary receipts purchased by the Fund may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted, in which case the Fund may be exposed to relative currency fluctuations.

10

 

Derivatives

 

The Fund may engage in a variety of derivative transactions in accordance with the applicable rules of the CFTC, and, to the extent applicable, the rules and regulations of certain national or foreign exchanges; however, no Fund will be obligated to use derivatives and no Fund makes any representation as to the availability of these techniques at this time or at any time in the future. Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index and may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities, related indexes and other assets. The types of derivatives in which the Fund may invest include, but are not limited to, interest rate, currency or stock or bond index futures contracts, currency forward contracts and currency swaps, the purchase and sale (or writing) of exchange listed and OTC put and call options on debt and equity securities, currencies, interest rate, currency or stock index futures and fixed-income and stock indices and other financial instruments, entering into various interest rate transactions such as swaps, caps floors, and collars, entering into equity swaps, caps and floors, the purchase and sale of indexed debt securities or trading in other similar types of instruments.

 

Derivatives may be used, among other reasons, as part of the Fund’s investment strategy, to attempt to protect against possible changes in the market value of securities held or to be purchased for the Fund’s portfolio resulting from securities markets or currency exchange rate fluctuations, to protect the Fund’s unrealized gains in the value of its securities, to facilitate the sale of those securities for investment purposes, to manage the effective maturity or duration of the Fund’s portfolio or to establish a position in the derivatives markets as a temporary substitute for purchasing or selling particular securities or to seek to enhance the Fund’s income or gain. The Fund may use any or all types of derivatives which it is authorized to use at any time; no particular strategy will dictate the use of one type of transaction rather than another, as use of any authorized derivative will be a function of numerous variables, including market conditions. The ability of the Fund to utilize derivatives successfully will depend on numerous factors including the Adviser’s ability to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. These skills are different from those needed to select the Fund’s portfolio securities.

 

Subject to the constraints described above, the Fund may (if and to the extent so authorized) purchase and sell interest rate, currency or stock or bond index futures contracts and enter into currency forward contracts and currency swaps; purchase and sell (or write) exchange listed and OTC put and call options on securities, loan participations and assignments, currencies, futures contracts, indices and other financial instruments, and the Fund may enter into interest rate transactions, equity swaps and related transactions and other similar transactions which may be developed to the extent the Adviser determines that they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies and applicable regulatory requirements. The Fund’s interest rate transactions may take the form of swaps, caps, floors and collars, and the Fund’s currency transactions may take the form of currency forward contracts, currency futures contracts, currency swaps and options on currencies or currency futures contracts.

11

 

Certain standardized swap transactions are currently subject to mandatory central clearing or may be eligible for voluntary central clearing. Central clearing is expected to decrease counterparty risk and increase liquidity compared to uncleared swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterpart to each participant's swap. However, central clearing does not eliminate counterparty risk or illiquidity risk entirely. In addition depending on the size of a fund and other factors, the margin required under the rules of a clearinghouse and by a clearing member may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by a fund to support its obligations under a similar uncleared swap.

 

Derivatives involve special risks, including possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to the extent the Adviser’s view as to certain market movements is incorrect, the risk that the use of derivatives could result in significantly greater losses than if it had not been used. Losses resulting from the use of derivatives will reduce the Fund’s net asset value, and possibly income, and the losses may be significantly greater than if derivatives had not been used. The degree of the Fund’s use of derivatives may be limited by certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). When used, derivatives may increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxes payable by shareholders. See “Federal Income Taxes.”

 

Rule 4.5 under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”), as amended, exempts an adviser of a fund that invests in “commodity interests” from registration as a “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) provided that, among other restrictions, the adviser enters into such positions solely for “bona fide hedging purposes” or limits its use of commodity interests for non-bona fide hedging purposes such that (i) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish non-bona fide hedging positions do not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the fund’s portfolio, or (ii) the aggregate “notional value” of the non-bona fide hedging commodity interests do not exceed 100% of the liquidation value of the fund’s portfolio.

 

The Adviser intends to either: (i) comply with the requirements of the CEA by operating the Fund in a manner consistent with the restrictions of Rule 4.5, including filing a notice of eligibility of exemption from registration in accordance with applicable procedures and deadlines; (ii) comply with the requirements of the CEA by registering as a CPO with the CFTC and the National Futures Association; or (iii) operate the Fund in a manner such that the Fund will not be a “commodity pool” under the CEA.

 

Risks of Derivatives Outside the United States

 

When conducted outside the United States, derivatives may not be regulated as rigorously as in the United States, may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees, and will be subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities, currencies and other instruments. In addition, the price of any foreign futures or foreign options contract and, therefore, the potential profit and loss thereon, may be affected by any variance in the foreign exchange rate between the time an order is placed and the time it is liquidated, offset or exercised. The value of positions taken as part of non-U.S. derivatives also could be adversely affected by: (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic factors; (ii) lesser availability of data on which to make trading decisions than in the United States; (iii) delays in the Fund’s ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets during nonbusiness hours in the United States; (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the United States; and (v) lower trading volume and liquidity.

12

 

Emerging and Frontier Market Risks

 

Emerging markets are often defined as developing economies. While such markets are not necessarily defined by national borders, they may, to a degree, overlap with, or be referred to interchangeably as, developing countries. The risks of investment in such markets include (i) less social, political and economic stability; (ii) smaller size of the securities markets and lower volume of trading, which may result in a lack of liquidity and in greater price volatility; (iii) certain national policies that may restrict the Fund’s investment opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests, or expropriation or confiscation of assets or property, which could result in the Fund’s loss of its entire investment in that market; (iv) less developed legal and regulatory structures governing private or foreign investment or allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property; (v) inaccurate, incomplete or misleading financial information on companies in which the Fund invests; (vi) securities of companies may trade at prices not consistent with traditional valuation measures; and (vii) limitations on foreign ownership, which may impact the price of a security purchased or held by the Fund.

 

Many developing countries in which the Fund may invest lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of the United States. Political instability among emerging market countries can be common and may be caused by an uneven distribution of wealth, social unrest, labor strikes, civil wars and religious oppression. Economic instability in emerging market countries may take the form of (i) high interest rates; (ii) high levels of inflation, including hyperinflation; (iii) high levels of unemployment or underemployment; (iv) changes in government economic and tax policies, including confiscatory taxation; (v) imposition of trade and capital account barriers; and (vi) volatile financial markets.

 

Stock exchanges in emerging markets have in the past experienced substantial fluctuations in the prices of their listed securities. They have also experienced problems such as temporary exchange closures, broker defaults, settlement delays and broker strikes that, if they occur again, could affect the market price and liquidity of the securities in which the Fund invests. In addition, the governing bodies of certain stock exchanges have from time to time imposed restrictions on trading in certain securities, limitations on price movements and margin requirements. Disputes have also occurred from time to time among listed companies, the stock exchanges and other regulatory bodies, and in some cases those disputes have had a negative effect on overall market sentiment. There have been delays and errors in share allotments relating to initial public offerings, which in turn affect overall market sentiment and lead to fluctuations in the market prices of the securities of those companies and others in which the Fund may invest.

 

In the past, governments within the emerging markets have become overly reliant on the international capital markets and other forms of foreign credit to finance public spending programs that cause large deficits. Often, interest payments have become too burdensome for the government to meet, representing a large percentage of total GDP. These foreign obligations then become the subject of political debate with the opposition parties pressuring the government to use its resources for social programs rather than making payments to foreign creditors. Some foreign governments have been forced to seek a restructuring of their loan and/or bond obligations and have declared a temporary suspension of interest payments or have defaulted. These events have adversely affected the values of securities issued by foreign governments and companies in emerging market countries and have negatively impacted not only their cost of borrowing, but their ability to borrow in the future as well.

13

 

In addition, brokerage commissions, custodial fees, withholding taxes, and other costs relating to investment in foreign markets may be higher than in the United States. The operating expense ratio of the Fund may be expected to be higher than that of a fund investing primarily in the securities of U.S. issuers.

 

Many emerging market countries suffer from uncertainty and corruption in their legal frameworks. Legislation may be difficult to interpret and laws may be too new to provide any precedential value. Laws regarding foreign investment and private property may be weak or non-existent. Sudden changes in governments may result in policies that are less favorable to investors, such as policies designed to expropriate or nationalize “sovereign” assets. Certain emerging market countries in the past have expropriated large amounts of private property, in many cases with little or no compensation, and there can be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future.

 

Legal principles relating to corporate affairs and the validity of corporate procedures, directors’ fiduciary duties and liabilities and shareholders’ rights may differ from those that may apply in the United States and other more developed countries. Shareholders’ rights may not be as extensive as those that exist under the laws of the United States and other more developed countries. The Fund may therefore have more difficulty asserting shareholder rights than it would as a shareholder of a comparable U.S. company.

 

Disclosure and regulatory standards of emerging market countries are in many respects less stringent than U.S. standards. Issuers are subject to accounting, auditing and financial standards and requirements that differ, in some cases significantly, from those applicable to issuers in the United States or other more developed countries. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of an issuer may not reflect its financial position or results of operations in the way they would be reflected had such financial statements been prepared in accordance with U.S. or European generally accepted accounting principles. There is substantially less publicly available information about emerging market issuers than there is about U.S. issuers.

 

Certain of the risks associated with international investments and investing in smaller capital markets are heightened for investments in emerging market countries.  For example, some of the currencies of emerging market countries have experienced devaluations relative to the U.S. dollar, and major adjustments have been made periodically in certain of such currencies.  Certain of such countries face serious exchange constraints, including the imposition of substantial controls on the movement of capital across borders. Under extreme circumstances, the imposition of such capital controls may impede the Fund’s ability to satisfy shareholders’ redemption requests in full.   In addition, governments of many emerging market countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector.  In certain cases, the government owns or controls many companies, including the largest in the country.  Accordingly, government actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in developing countries, which could affect private sector companies and the Fund, as well as the value of securities in the Fund.

 

Investment in certain emerging market securities is restricted or controlled to varying degrees which may at times limit or preclude investment in certain emerging market securities and increase the costs and expenses of the Fund’s portfolio.  Certain emerging market countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons to only a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than other classes, restrict investment opportunities in issuers in industries deemed important to national interests and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors.  Certain emerging market countries may require governmental approval for (or other restrictions on) the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors, which could adversely affect the Fund.  In addition, if deterioration occurs in an emerging market country’s balance of payments, it could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances.  Investing in local markets in emerging market countries may require a portfolio to adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions, each of which may involve additional costs to the Fund. 

14

 

Frontier market countries generally have smaller economies or less developed capital markets than traditional emerging markets, and, as a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries are magnified in frontier countries. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities and emerging markets, frontier market securities involve unique risks, such as exposure to economies less diverse and mature than those of the U.S. or more established foreign markets. The economies of frontier countries are less correlated to global economic cycles than those of their more developed counterparts, and their markets have low trading volumes and the potential for extreme price volatility and illiquidity. These factors make investing in frontier countries significantly riskier than investing in other countries.

 

Australia

 

The Australian economy is dependent, in particular, on the price and demand for agricultural products and natural resources. The United States and China have generally been Australia’s largest trade and investment partners, which may make the Australian markets sensitive to economic and financial events in those two countries. Australian markets may also be susceptible to sustained increases in oil prices as well as weakness in commodity and labor markets. The Australian dollar has at times exhibited pronounced volatility in line with the demand for agricultural and natural resources.

 

Brazil

 

The Brazilian real is a volatile emerging market currency and its volatility may induce losses to the Fund’s portfolio. Central bank capital controls and intervention in the foreign exchange market may pose additional challenges to investors.

 

Brazil’s economy suffers from certain structural challenges, including a deficit of physical infrastructure (roads, bridges, ports, public transportation, etc.); a shortage of educational opportunities; and the system of business regulation is notoriously complex and costly (e.g., enforcing commercial contracts requires excessive procedural steps, costs and time). Attempts at reforms have been hampered by budget rigidities and pension liabilities.

 

In recent years Brazil has experienced organized protests, strikes and civil unrest; the motives behind such movements are unclear, but it seems that most protesters are expressing grievances associated with the country’s extreme socioeconomic divide, the paucity of public infrastructure and medical systems, and public and private sector corruption. Such protests may threaten the social stability and the current government’s mandate.

 

In rural areas, concentrated land ownership may lead to periodic violence especially in the Amazon. Land invasions are common and mostly affect agriculture, although the scope of the land targeted is broadening. The border regions close to Paraguay, Argentina and Venezuela are notorious for drug trafficking and gun running. Similar to Mexico, frontier security is moving up the agenda as Brazil’s government tries to curb drug trafficking and smuggling across its lengthy borders.

15

 

Chile

 

Chile’s current government is democratically elected. However, from 1973 to 1990, Chile was governed by a military dictatorship that violently repressed dissidents, leading to a substantial but unknown number of casualties. The legacy of that government remains extremely divisive within Chile. In addition, there are many legal, political, financial, economic and business structures that were formed under the dictatorship. The provenance of some of those structures could be challenged in Chile’s courts, and possibly overturned, begetting potential shocks to the country’s economy and financial markets. The country has also historically struggled with hyperinflation and currency volatility, while economic growth and budget health remain heavily influenced by copper prices.

 

Chile has been subjected to several powerful earthquakes that have sometimes disrupted economic activity in various sectors. Resurgent tremors may cause substantial human, economic and financial losses.

 

China

 

The Chinese government typically exercises significant control over China’s economy through its industrial policies (e.g., allocation of resources and other preferential treatment), monetary policy, management of currency exchange rates, and management of the payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations. For over three decades, the Chinese government has been reforming economic and market practices and providing a larger sphere for private ownership of property. These reforms could be altered or discontinued at any time. Changes in these policies could adversely impact affected industries or companies. Military conflicts, either in response to internal social unrest or conflicts with other countries, could disrupt economic development. China claims sovereignty over the self-governing island of Taiwan, and territorial border disputes persist with several neighboring countries. While China’s economic relations with Japan have deepened, the political relationship between the two countries is frequently strained. Foreign companies operating in China have faced boycotts and protests when the relationship between their home country and China has deteriorated. There is also a greater risk involved in currency fluctuations, currency convertibility, interest rate fluctuations and higher rates of inflation.

 

China’s domestic financial markets are narrowly concentrated, with domestic banks typically playing a very substantial role as conduits of finance; this may exacerbate volatility and systemic risks within the country’s financial markets. Many of China’s domestic banks operate under the control and ownership of various government agencies, and thus some of these banks’ business activities may be undertaken for political rather than commercial ends. In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, certain banks were urged by various government agencies to lend aggressively so as to mitigate the risk of economic contraction; however, there are now some indications that such lending has been problematic, and that there may be widespread impairment of bank assets. If this situation worsens appreciably, it may create systemic liquidity or solvency risks within the domestic banking system, which could in turn threaten the stability of Chinese or other global financial markets. The Chinese government also takes actions intended to increase or decrease the values of Chinese stocks.

16

 

China’s economy, particularly its export-oriented industries, may be adversely impacted by trade or political disputes with China’s major trading partners, including the U.S. Some Chinese companies have been subject to sanctions or other restrictions by the U.S. government. These actions may have a negative impact on the targeted company’s value and ability to conduct business.

 

In addition, as its consumer class emerges, China’s domestically oriented industries may be especially sensitive to changes in government policy and investment cycles. China’s currency, which historically was managed in a tight range relative to the U.S. dollar, will likely be subject to greater uncertainty as Chinese authorities change the policies that determine the exchange rate mechanism.

 

Social cohesion in China is being tested by growing income inequality and larger scale environmental degradation. Social instability could threaten China’s political system and economic growth, which could decrease the value of the Fund’s investments. China periodically experiences violent social protests, strikes, and acts of terrorism.

 

Colombia

 

After a decade of strong economic growth, Colombia’s economic expansion has moderated following the fall of commodity prices in 2014. The Colombian economy depends heavily on oil, coal, and other commodity exports, making it vulnerable to such commodity price swings. The country’s development has historically been held back by poor infrastructure, graft, drug trafficking, and violence. The Colombian government signed a landmark peace deal with the militarized guerilla group FARC in 2016 after five decades of conflict. The durability of this agreement is critical to the country’s prospects for sustained economic development.

 

Czech Republic

 

As in other post-communist emerging market economies, structural economic risk in the Czech Republic may represent significant headwinds to investors. The Czech post-communist economic recovery developed a private sector, particularly in the trade and services areas. Restructuring increased exports to industrialized nations, however the republic’s strong export orientation leaves the economy vulnerable to external shocks, as does its historical heavy dependence on automotive production. Foreign direct investment cannot be depended upon to drive growth in the Czech Republic as it has in the past, and rising wage pressure may move productive investment to other neighboring nations.

 

The government periodically struggles with full implementation of its post-communist restructuring efforts, primarily: industrial restructuring; transformation of the housing sector; reform of the pension and healthcare systems; and a solution to environmental problems. Additional challenges include: creating a more diversified knowledge-based economy, reforming public procurement, and increasing economic and political transparency. Bribery and corruption present significant challenges for legal and business transactions.

 

Sovereign debt risk appears to be stable in the Czech Republic as public debt levels rise gradually, but there is no certainty this will continue. Sizeable foreign exchange reserves may mitigate future currency volatility; however, the currency remains vulnerable to shifts in global risk appetite.

 

Georgia

 

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Georgia’s economy contracted and stagnated under its post-Soviet leadership in a period marked by widespread corruption and ineffective government policies. Mass protests in 2003 ousted the post-Soviet leadership and led to a series of democratic and economic reforms. The new government has since effectively tackled petty corruption, reduced government bureaucracy, and introduced rule of law to the country. Despite this early success in implementing reforms, Georgian political institutions remain young. Any deterioration in the rule of law or back-tracking on economic reforms could have adverse impacts on investments in the country.

17

 

Since 2003, Georgia has received strong foreign direct investment flows and economic growth has been robust, driven by the private sector. The country does not have large hydrocarbon or mineral resources. However, some of its trading partners in the region are more commodity dependent. Therefore, commodity price volatility may still impact the Georgian economy. The economy is partly dollarized, but the Georgian lari may face volatility due to imbalances with trading partners including Turkey, the European Union, Russia, and other former Soviet Union countries.

 

Geopolitical risks remain heightened for Georgia. The country had a brief military conflict with Russia in 2008, which led to a Russian occupation of two breakaway regions. While trade has resumed between the two countries, bilateral political relations remain poor. Georgian leaders have sought closer ties and admission to the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, which may stoke tensions with Russia. Tourism has grown into an important sector of the Georgian economy, which may be vulnerable to fears of a potential deterioration in safety and stability.

 

Greece

 

Greece’s economy is heavily dependent on the services sector and has a large public sector. Key trading partners are Germany, Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Decreasing demand for Greek products and services or changes in governmental regulations on trade may have a significantly adverse effect on Greece’s economy. Greece’s ability to repay its sovereign debt is in question. Some debtholders have been forced to accept devaluations, and the possibility of default is not unlikely, which could limit its ability to borrow in the future. Greece has been required to impose harsh austerity measures on its population in order to receive financial aid from the International Monetary Fund and EU member countries. The success of political parties in Greece opposed to austerity measures may increase the possibility that Greece would rescind these austerity measures and consequently fail to receive further financial aid from these institutions. The persistence of these factors may seriously reduce the economic performance of Greece and pose serious risks for the country’s economy in the future. There is the possibility that Greece may exit the European Monetary Union, which would result in immediate devaluation of the Greek currency and potential for default. If this were to occur, Greece would face significant risks related to the process of full currency redenomination as well as the resulting instability of the Eurozone in general, which would have a severe adverse effect on the value of the securities held by the Fund.

 

Hong Kong

 

Hong Kong has been governed by the Basic Law, which guarantees a high degree of autonomy from China in certain matters until 2047. If China were to exert its authority so as to alter the economic, political or legal structures or the existing social policy of Hong Kong, investor and business confidence in Hong Kong could be negatively affected, which in turn could negatively affect markets and business performance and have an adverse effect on the Fund’s investments. There is uncertainty as to whether China will continue to respect the relative independence of Hong Kong and refrain from exerting a tighter grip on Hong Kong’s political, economic and social concerns. Hong Kong's evolving relationship with China’s central government in Beijing has been a source of political unrest that has periodically resulted in large-scale protests. These protests have created disruptions for businesses operating in Hong Kong and have negatively impacted the overall economy.

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The Hong Kong dollar trades within a fixed trading band rate to (or is “pegged” to) the U.S. dollar. This fixed exchange rate has contributed to the growth and stability of the Hong Kong economy. However, some market participants have questioned the continued viability of the currency peg. It is uncertain what affect any discontinuance of the currency peg and the establishment of an alternative exchange rate system would have on capital markets generally and the Hong Kong economy.

 

Hungary

 

After the fall of communism in 1990, Hungary shifted from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy. The country undertook significant economic reforms, including the privatization of state-owned enterprises and a reduction in social spending programs. Hungary’s trade and investment links with Western Europe increased significantly. These reforms were successful in catalyzing economic growth, increasing foreign direct investment, and lowering the country’s debt burden. Hungary joined the European Union in 2004, a reflection of the success of its reforms.

 

Since 2010, the government has become more populist and the pace of economic reform has slowed and even regressed in some areas. The Hungarian government has become more interventionist, using legislation, regulation, and public procurements to favor national industries and government-linked businesses. Widespread corruption, labor shortages, severe poverty in rural areas, a volatile currency, and a heavy reliance on foreign energy imports all present challenges to economic growth.

 

India

 

In India, the government exercises significant influence over many aspects of the economy. Bureaucratic obstacles and inconsistent economic reforms have had a significant effect on the economy and could adversely affect market conditions and deter economic growth and the profitability of private enterprises. Recently, the Goods and Services Tax and currency demonetization were implemented to encourage the development of India’s formal economy but led to significant near-term business disruptions.

 

Slow judicial proceedings have delayed the foreclosure of insolvent companies and led to an accumulation of bad debt that burden the ledgers of state-owned banks. Global factors and foreign actions may inhibit the flow of capital on which India is dependent to sustain its growth. Large portions of many Indian companies remain in the hands of their founders (including members of their families). Corporate governance standards of family-controlled companies may be weaker and less transparent, which increases the potential for loss and unequal treatment of investors. India experiences many of the risks associated with developing economies, including relatively low levels of liquidity, which may result in extreme volatility in the prices of Indian securities. India also has an unreliable infrastructure system and power grid.

 

Religious, cultural and military disputes persist in India. Long-standing border disputes exist with Pakistan and China. These conflicts have frequently led to violence and have a negative impact on the economy. If the Indian government is unable to control tensions over these disputes, the result may be military conflict, which could destabilize the country’s economy.

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Indonesia

 

Indonesia’s political institutions and democracy have a relatively short history, increasing the risk of political instability. In the past, Indonesia has experienced political and militant unrest within several of its regions, and further unrest could present a risk to the local economy and stock market. The country has also experienced acts of terrorism, including attacks targeting foreigners, which has had a negative impact on tourism. Historical corruption and the perceived lack of a rule of law in dealings with international companies may have discouraged much needed foreign direct investment. Should this issue persist, it could negatively impact the long-term growth of the economy. Other barriers to economic development include high unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, a poor investment climate, and unequal resource distribution among regions. The local currency, the rupiah, has exhibited pronounced volatility in international markets for foreign exchange. The economy’s dependence on raw commodity exports also exposes the country to the risk of commodity price volatility.

 

Japan

 

The Japanese yen has shown volatility in recent decades and such volatility could affect returns in the future. The Japanese yen may also be affected by currency volatility elsewhere in Asia, especially Southeast Asia. Depreciation of the yen, and any other currencies in which the Fund’s securities are denominated, will decrease the value of the Fund’s holdings. Japan’s economy could be negatively impacted by many factors, including rising interest rates, tax increases and budget deficits. Japan has among the highest levels of government debt in the world. Domestic investors have been willing to finance this debt at very low interest rates, but this could change at any time.

 

In the longer term, Japan faces the challenges of an aging population, such as a shrinking workforce and higher welfare costs. To date, Japan has had restrictive immigration policies that, combined with other demographic concerns, appear to be having a negative impact on the economy.

 

Japan is especially prone to natural disasters given its island geography and location on natural fault lines. The nation is also highly dependent on nuclear energy that provides cheap sources of energy but provides significant risk in the event of an earthquake.

 

Kazakhstan

 

Kazakhstan is an ethnically diverse republic with authoritarian presidential rule located in a strategic position between Asia and Europe. Kazakhstan has a resource-based economy heavily dependent on the export of natural resources, and accordingly, fluctuations in certain commodity markets or sustained low prices for Kazakh exports could adversely affect Kazakhstan’s economy. Additionally, rising commodities prices create inflationary pressures from strong currency inflows. Kazakhstan has pursued economic reform and liberalization of many economic areas, but there is no guarantee that the government will not become directly involved in aspects of the economy in the future. The banking system is a significant weak point in the Kazakh economy because the solvency of banks is at risk from a high proportion of non-performing loans.

 

Malaysia

 

Malaysia has previously imposed currency controls and a 10% “exit levy” on profits repatriated by foreign entities such as the Fund and has limited foreign ownership of Malaysian companies (which may artificially support the market price of such companies). The Malaysian capital controls have been changed in significant ways since they were first adopted without prior warning on September 1, 1998. Malaysia has also abolished the exit levy. However, there can be no assurance that the Malaysian capital controls will not be changed adversely in the future or that the exit levy will not be re-established, possibly to the detriment of the Fund and its shareholders.

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Allegations of pervasive government corruption have been a major source of political unrest in recent years. Malaysia may be susceptible to political instability that could have an adverse impact on the country’s economy. The Malaysian government has periodically seized assets and forced the renegotiation of contracts of some foreign companies operating within the country.

 

Mexico

 

Mexico’s economy has historically benefitted from close trade relationships with the U.S. and Canada under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The uncertain future of NAFTA and ongoing trade re-negotiations have weakened Mexico’s consumer sentiment and contributed to a high degree of currency volatility.

 

The Mexican government has sought to attract U.S. firms involved in information technology, clean energy, biotechnology and health sciences, but the escalation of drug-related violence remains a significant security risk. Gang violence has prompted greater U.S. involvement in the effort to tackle drug crime, attracting criticism that Mexican sovereignty is being breached. Significant risks for exporters and investors include volatile business cycles, currency risks, and a high degree of difficulty enforcing contracts. Significant corruption makes the enforcement of contracts more difficult.

 

Mexico traditionally has a reputation as a difficult place to do business. Contributing factors include the lack of a strong legal framework, a politicized business environment, and domination by a few large local corporations. The Mexican government has periodically nationalized assets and forced the renegotiation of contracts in a manner that has damaged the interests of investors.

 

Violent crime and poverty have been long-standing problems in Mexico. A certain percentage of the population has been highly dependent on remittances from the U.S. Changes in U.S. immigration policy may potentially reduce remittances and fuel social unrest.

 

Nigeria

 

The economic development of Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy, has historically been hindered by economic mismanagement, corruption, and ethnic conflict. While Nigeria has transitioned from military rule to democracy, the country has continued to struggle with these same issues. A member of OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries), Nigeria is heavily dependent on the production of hydrocarbons, with oil accounting for the vast majority of its exports and government revenues. Due to under-investment, the country has remained a net importer of refined petroleum products. Attacks on the country’s oil pipeline infrastructure in the Niger Delta region have hampered oil production, straining the country’s fiscal and current account balances. Ethnic, religious, and regional divisions in the country create the potential for social conflict, violence, and terrorism.

 

Nigeria suffers from endemic corruption, which makes it difficult for citizens and companies to do business and hinders economic growth. The country’s poor health and sanitation infrastructure make it vulnerable to outbreaks of communicable diseases. Nigeria has imposed capital controls to varying degrees in the past, which may make it difficult to invest in companies in Nigeria or repatriate capital. As a frontier market, the Nigerian stock market has lower levels of liquidity relative to larger emerging markets, which may result in heightened volatility in the prices of Nigerian securities.

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Pakistan

 

The value of investments in Pakistan and in companies with significant economic ties to that country largely depend on continued economic growth and reform in Pakistan, which remains uncertain and subject to a variety of risks. Pakistan has faced, and continues to face, high levels of political instability and social unrest at both the regional and national levels. Such instability has and may erupt again into wide-scale disorder. Social and political instability may result in increased levels of terrorism, prolonged economic disruption and may discourage foreign investment.

 

Ongoing border disputes with India may result in armed conflict between the two nations, both of which possess nuclear capabilities. Even in the absence of armed conflict, the lingering threat of war with India may depress economic growth and investment in Pakistan. Additionally, Pakistan’s geographic location and its shared borders with Afghanistan and Iran increase the risk that it will be involved in, or otherwise affected by, international conflict. Pakistan’s economic growth is in part attributable to high levels of foreign aid, loans and debt forgiveness. Such international support, however, may be significantly reduced or terminated in response to changes in the political leadership of Pakistan.

 

Pakistan faces a wide range of other economic problems and risks. Pakistan has undertaken a privatization initiative, but with continued opposition to such efforts, there is substantial uncertainty over whether privatization will continue and whether existing efforts will be reversed. Pakistan is subject to substantial natural resource constraints, which both hamper development and make Pakistan’s economy vulnerable to price fluctuations in these resources. Pakistan maintains large budgetary and current account deficits. The resulting high levels of national debt may not be sustainable. Pakistan also maintains a trade deficit, which could be worsened if relations with the United States, the largest market for Pakistani exports, deteriorate. The rights of investors and other property owners in Pakistan are subject to protection by a developing judicial system that is widely perceived as lacking transparency. Inflation threatens long-term economic growth and may deter foreign investment in the country. Government leaders have previously adopted policies that increased legal and economic uncertainty and inhibited foreign investment and may continue to do so in the future.

 

Peru

 

The Peruvian economy is dependent on its extractive natural resources and the economies of its trading partners in Central and South America, Europe, Asia and the United States. Metals and mineral exports account for a significant portion of the country’s exports and make the country vulnerable to swings in commodity prices. Inflation and exchange rate volatility have been historical concerns for the country. Like other Latin American countries, Peru suffers from high economic inequality with the informal economy employing a large part of its workforce. The country’s weak infrastructure and health systems have magnified the negative impact from natural disasters such as landslides and floods in recent years. Regional economic disparities have fostered drug trafficking, violence, and crime in parts of the country, which may deter foreign direct investment.

22

 

Philippines

 

The Philippines has been one of Asia’s fastest growing economies in recent years. However, poverty and inequality remain high with wide income and growth disparities between regions and economic classes. The government has embarked on a large infrastructure spending program to upgrade the country’s underdeveloped infrastructure system. Uncertainty regarding the successful and efficient implementation of these plans remains a risk to the country’s growth expectations. The Philippine peso may come under pressure from tighter global financial conditions, higher oil prices, and a widening current account deficit. The country has ongoing territorial disputes with one of its major economic partners, China. Increasing tension over these territorial disputes could lead to a reduction in Chinese investment and other negative economic consequences.

 

Poland

 

Poland has undergone a significant economic and political transformation since the late 1980s. Once an insular, communist-led command economy, it is transitioning to a democratic and market-oriented European Union (EU) and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) member.

 

The legacy of communist rule may still represent risks for investors, primarily systemic banking risk, currency risk, and difficulty enforcing business contracts. High public debt levels historically presented a significant drag to economic growth and may reoccur in the future. Eurozone economic trends may significantly affect Poland’s future growth rates as Poland has strong economic and financial links with the euro area. The country’s integration with the EU and NATO may make it more vulnerable to international financial crises, whether regional or global. Poland’s economy can be very sensitive to reduced foreign currency flows, which may cause liquidity problems, stock market volatility, and reduced economic activity.

 

The Polish government plays a sizable role in the economy, which has the potential to squeeze out new business enterprises and may impede job creation over the long term.

 

Qatar

 

The economy of Qatar is dominated by petroleum exports. Sustained decreases in the prices of commodities such as oil and natural gas could have a negative impact on all aspects of the economy. The non-oil economy is concentrated in the service sector, notably in tourism, real estate, banking, and re-export trade. Although the political situation in Qatar is largely stable, there remains the possibility that instability in the larger Middle East region could adversely impact the economy of Qatar. In June 2017, members of the Gulf Cooperation Council imposed an embargo on Qatar that could also adversely impact the economy.

 

Russia

 

The securities markets of Russia are underdeveloped and are often considered to be less correlated to global economic cycles than those markets located in more developed countries. As a result, securities markets in Russia are subject to greater risks associated with market volatility, lower market capitalization, lower trading volume, inflation, greater price fluctuations, uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets, governmental control and heavy regulation of labor and industry. Additionally, certain investments in Russia may become less liquid in response to market developments or adverse investor perceptions, or become illiquid after purchase by the Fund, particularly during periods of market turmoil. When the Fund holds illiquid investments, its portfolio may be harder to value, especially in changing markets. Moreover, trading on securities markets in Russia may be suspended altogether.

23

 

The government in Russia may restrict or control to varying degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers located or operating in Russia. These restrictions and/or controls may at times limit or prevent foreign investment in securities of issuers located or operating in Russia. Moreover, governmental approval or special licenses may be required prior to investments by foreign investors and may limit the amount of investments by foreign investors in a particular industry and/or issuer and may limit such foreign investment to a certain class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by domiciliaries of Russia and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors. Less information may be available about companies in which the Fund invests because many companies that are tied economically to Russia are not subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards or to other regulatory practices required by U.S. companies. These factors, among others, make investing in issuers located or operating in Russia significantly riskier than investing in issuers located or operating in more developed countries, and any one of them could cause a decline in the value of the Fund’s shares.

 

As a result of recent events involving Ukraine and the Russian Federation, the United States and the European Union have imposed sanctions on certain Russian individuals and certain sectors of Russia’s economy. The United States and other nations or international organizations may impose additional economic sanctions or take other actions that may adversely affect Russian-related issuers, including companies in various sectors of the Russian economy, including, but not limited to, the financial services, energy, metals and mining, engineering, and defense and defense-related materials sectors. These sanctions, any future sanctions or other actions, or even the threat of further sanctions or other actions, may negatively affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio and may impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. For example, the Fund may be prohibited from investing in securities issued by companies subject to such sanctions. In addition, the sanctions may require the Fund to freeze its existing investments in Russian companies, prohibiting the Fund from buying, selling or otherwise transacting in these investments. Russia has undertaken and may undertake additional countermeasures or retaliatory actions which may further impair the value and liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio and potentially disrupt its operations.

 

Despite recent reform and privatization, the Russian government continues to control a large share of economic activity in the region. The Russian government owns shares in corporations in a range of sectors including banking, energy production and distribution, automotive, transportation and telecommunications. Additionally, because Russia produces and exports large volumes of oil and gas, the Russian economy is particularly sensitive to the price of oil and gas on the world market, and a decline in the price of oil and gas could have a significant negative impact on the Russian economy.

 

The value of the Russian ruble may be subject to a high degree of fluctuation. The Fund’s assets will be invested primarily in equity securities of Russian issuers and the income received by the Fund will be principally in Russian rubles. The Fund’s exposure to the Russian ruble and changes in value of the Russian ruble versus the U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns to the Fund. Moreover, the Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and the Russian ruble. In addition, current political and economic events in Russia may have significant adverse effects on the Russian ruble and on the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments. 

24

 

Singapore

 

As a small open economy, Singapore is particularly vulnerable to external economic influences, such as the Asian economic crisis of the late 1990s. Singapore has been a leading manufacturer of electronics goods. However, the extent to which other countries can successfully compete with Singapore in this and related industries, and adverse Asian economic influences generally, may negatively affect Singapore’s economy. Singapore relies upon neighboring countries for critical resources such as fresh water, and disruptions in the supply of these resources could negatively impact the economy.

 

South Africa

 

South Africa is a multi-racial country that has one of Africa’s largest middle-class populations. Although South Africa’s leaders have sought to deliver socio-economic development, popular impatience and political in-fighting may make this a challenge. Relative to its regional neighbors, South Africa has a strong legal and institutional framework that supports foreign investment. However, growth rates are restrained by its highly dualistic economy: a well-developed formal sector in mining, manufacturing and agriculture alongside a large informal economy.

 

Notwithstanding a strong legal framework, crime is a major obstacle to investment and productive business activity. Income and service inequalities, foreign immigrants pursuing local employment, and close proximity to unstable neighboring countries may continue to present high risk to the economy.

 

South Africa’s apartheid legacy and historical international isolation adversely affect the country, and it suffers from lack of competition in the domestic economy. Many industries are dominated by large incumbent firms. Years of underinvestment in infrastructure, in particular power production, present risk to its dominant mining and smelting operations and may present risk to other sectors of the economy. The economy is highly dependent on foreign capital for productive investment, which can result in severe liquidity crises if capital inflows suddenly stop. In addition, a large proportion of companies operate in resource-intensive industries that leave growth vulnerable to commodity cycles.

 

South Africa also has struggled with the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The risk to a future productive workforce may be dire, and costs to the economy are estimated at 1% of annual GDP growth.

 

South Korea

 

Investing in South Korean securities has special risks, including political, economic and social instability, and the potential for increasing militarization in North Korea (see Regional and Country Risks above). The market capitalization and trading volume of issuers in South Korean securities markets are concentrated in a small number of issuers, which results in potentially fewer investment opportunities for the Fund. South Korea’s financial sector has shown certain signs of systemic weakness and illiquidity, which, if exacerbated, could prove to be a material risk for any investments in South Korea.

 

There are also a number of risks to the Fund associated with the South Korean government. The South Korean government has historically exercised and continues to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. The South Korean government from time to time has informally influenced the prices of certain products, encouraged companies to invest or to concentrate in particular industries and induced mergers between companies in industries experiencing excess capacity. The South Korean government has sought to minimize excessive price volatility on the South Korean Stock Exchange through various steps, including the imposition of limitations on daily price movements of securities, although there is no assurance that this would prevent the value of an investment from declining over time. Also, the government has at times sought to exert influence over the value of the Korean won, variously seeking to strengthen or weaken its exchange rate against other major global currencies.

25

 

Sri Lanka

 

Civil war and terrorism have disrupted the economic, social and political stability of Sri Lanka for decades. While the country’s 26-year civil war came to an end in 2009, ethnic tensions remain and impact its politics. Sri Lanka faces severe income inequality, high inflation, a bloated public sector and a sizable government debt load. Sri Lanka relies heavily on foreign assistance in the form of grants, investments, and loans from international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the Asian Development Bank as well as bilaterally from countries such as China. Changes in international political sentiment may have significant adverse effects on the Sri Lankan economy. The textiles sector represents an important part of the economy and is the largest contributor to exports. Changes to Sri Lanka’s tariff regimes with the European Union and the United States could adversely impact the country’s trade competitiveness. The Sri Lankan rupee has faced depreciation pressures over the past several years. Should this trend continue, it may adversely impact U.S. dollar returns on investments made in the country. As a frontier market, Sri Lanka has lower levels of liquidity relative to larger emerging markets, which may result in heightened volatility in the prices of Sri Lankan securities.

 

Taiwan

 

The political reunification of China and Taiwan, over which China continues to claim sovereignty, is a highly complex and ongoing issue. Continuing hostility between China and Taiwan may have an adverse impact on the values of the Fund’s investments in both China and Taiwan, or make investment in China and Taiwan impracticable or impossible. Any escalation of hostility between China and Taiwan would likely distort Taiwan’s capital accounts, as well as have a significant adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s investments in both countries, and in other countries in the region.

 

Taiwan has in the past shown an ability to prosper in a competitive environment on the strength of product quality, efficiency and responsiveness to market demand. This ability may be tested in the future as, in addition to certain protectionist threats, Taiwan’s export economy faces competition from producers in other countries with lower wage levels than those generally prevailing in Taiwan. Skilled workers and technical personnel are still relatively inexpensive in Taiwan, but unskilled labor is increasingly in short supply. Recognizing the imperatives of the more competitive Asian economy, the Taiwanese government has sought to develop Taiwan into a regional hub for high-end manufacturing, sea and air transportation, finance, telecommunications and media. Taiwan has sought to develop further as a service-oriented economy rather than a labor- intensive, manufacturing-oriented one. One result of the movement of industrial capacity offshore has been the reduction of the labor shortage in manufacturing.

26

 

Some Taiwanese companies and financial institutions have large amounts of foreign currency exposure. Movements in the New Taiwan dollar exchange rate could generate losses for these entities if these exposures are not sufficiently hedged.

 

Thailand

 

In recent years Thailand has experienced political, social and militant unrest, negatively impacting tourism and the broader economy. Thailand’s political institutions may be unseasoned, increasing the risk of political instability. The Thai government has historically imposed investment controls apparently designed to control volatility in the Thai baht and to support certain export-oriented Thai industries. These controls have been revised and updated since their initial imposition, and more recently have largely been suspended (although there is no guarantee that such controls will not be re-imposed). However, partially in response to these controls, an offshore market for the exchange of Thai baht developed. The depth and transparency of this market have been uncertain.

 

Turkey

 

The Turkish lira is a volatile emerging market currency and its volatility may induce losses to the Fund’s portfolio. The country is highly reliant on foreign funding so as to sustain a large and growing trade deficit; this dependence, combined with the central bank’s unorthodox policies to manage the financial exposures that stem from this dependence, may exacerbate already substantial volatility inherent to the currency. The country has recently experimented with capital controls to support the currency.

 

Turkey has recently experienced widespread riots and civil unrest in its urban centers, ostensibly linked to disappointment with the governance of the current administration. In addition, Turkey has experienced increased unrest and possible terrorist attacks associated with instability on its borders. While Turkey enjoys a reasonably strong adherence to the rule of law and an independent judiciary, the current administration has nonetheless used draconian methods to silence critics, resorting to jailing members of the media and pursuing aggressive litigation against businesses that are deemed to support opposing interests.

 

United Arab Emirates

 

The economy of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is dominated by petroleum exports. Sustained decreases in the prices of commodities such as oil and natural gas could have a negative impact on all aspects of the UAE economy. The non-oil economy, which is concentrated in the service sector, could be affected by declines in tourism, real estate, banking, and re-export trade. The UAE and the governments of the individual emirates exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. Governmental actions could have a significant effect on economic conditions in the UAE.

 

Vietnam

 

In 1992, Vietnam initiated the process of privatization of state-owned enterprises, and expanded that process in 1996. The one-party Vietnamese government exercises significant influence over many aspects of the economy. Accordingly, government and bureaucratic actions have a significant effect on the economy and could adversely affect market conditions and deter economic growth and the profitability of private enterprises. Some Vietnamese industries, including commercial banking, remain dominated by state-owned enterprises. Economic, political and legal reform has historically proceeded at a slow pace. Employees and management boards have held a majority of the equity of most privatized enterprises. In addition, the government of Vietnam has generally maintained equity stakes in such firms. Vietnam continues to impose limitations on foreign ownership of Vietnamese companies, although certain sectors have seen such restrictions reduced in recent years. Vietnamese authorities have in the past imposed arbitrary repatriation taxes on foreign owners, and the government may levy withholding and other taxes on dividends, interest and gains. There can be no guarantee that Vietnam’s privatization process, or its efforts to reform its economic, political or legal systems will continue.

27

 

Inflation and rising public debt threaten long-term sustained economic growth and may deter foreign investment in the country. In addition, foreign currency reserves in Vietnam may not be sufficient to support conversion into the U.S. dollar (or other more liquid currencies), which may delay or impede the Fund from repatriating proceeds from the sales of Vietnamese holdings. As a frontier market, Vietnam has lower levels of liquidity relative to larger emerging markets, which may result in heightened volatility in the prices of Vietnamese securities.

 

Equity Investments

 

The Fund may invest in equity securities. Equity securities (which generally include common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants, securities convertible into common or preferred stocks and similar securities) are generally more volatile and riskier than some other forms of investment. In certain instances, equity securities may decline precipitously or become worthless. Equity securities of companies with relatively small market capitalizations may be more volatile than the securities of larger, more established companies than the broad equity market indices generally. Common stock and other equity securities may take the form of stock in corporations, partnership interests, interests in limited liability companies and other direct or indirect interests in business organizations.

 

Exchange Traded Fund and Other Similar Instruments

 

Shares of exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) and other similar instruments may be purchased by the Fund. Generally, an ETF is an investment company that is registered under the 1940 Act that holds a portfolio of securities designed to track the performance of a particular index or index segment. Similar instruments, used by pools that are not investment companies, offer similar characteristics and may be designed to track the performance of an index or basket of securities of companies engaged in a particular market or sector. ETFs sell and redeem their shares at net asset value in large blocks (typically 50,000 of its shares) called “creation units.” Shares representing fractional interests in these creation units are listed for trading on national securities exchanges and can be purchased and sold in the secondary market in lots of any size at any time during the trading day.

 

Investments in ETFs and other similar instruments involve certain inherent risks generally associated with investments in a broadly-based portfolio of stocks including: (i) risks that the general level of stock prices may decline, thereby adversely affecting the value of each unit of the ETF or other instrument; (ii) an ETF may not fully replicate the performance of its benchmark index because of temporary unavailability of certain index securities in the secondary market or discrepancies between the ETF and the index with respect to the weightings of securities or number of stocks held; (iii) an ETF may also be adversely affected by the performance of the specific index, market sector or group of industries on which it is based; and (iv) an ETF may not track an index as well as a traditional index mutual fund because ETFs are valued by the market and, therefore, there may be a difference between the market value and the ETF’s net asset value. The Fund may both purchase and effect short sales of shares of ETFs and may also purchase and sell options on shares of ETFs. These investments may be used for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return (which is considered a speculative activity).

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Because ETFs and pools that issue similar instruments incur various fees and expenses, the Fund’s investment in these instruments will involve certain indirect costs, as well as transaction costs, such as brokerage commissions. The Adviser will consider expenses associated with an investment in determining whether to invest in an ETF or other instrument. In the case of ETFs that are investment companies, they invest substantially all of their assets in securities of various securities indices or a particular segment of a securities index. Most ETFs are listed and traded on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (“Arca”). The market price of ETFs is expected to fluctuate in accordance with both changes in the asset values of their underlying indices and supply and demand of an ETF’s shares on the Arca. ETFs may trade at relatively modest discounts or premiums to net asset value. In general, most ETFs have a limited operating history and information may be lacking regarding the actual performance and trading liquidity of such shares for extended periods or over complete market cycles. In addition, there is no assurance that the requirements of the Arca necessary to maintain the listing of ETFs in which the Fund invests will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. In the event substantial market or other disruptions affecting the shares of ETFs held by the Fund should occur in the future, the liquidity and value of that Fund’s shares could also be adversely affected. If such disruptions were to occur, that Fund could be required to reconsider the use of ETFs as part of its investment strategy.

 

Limitations of the 1940 Act, which prohibit any Fund from acquiring more than 3% of the outstanding shares of another investment company, may restrict the Fund’s ability to purchase shares of certain ETFs.

 

Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities

 

The Fund may purchase securities on a firm commitment basis, including when-issued securities.  The Fund may also be entitled to receive when-issued securities in relation to its holdings in common stock of companies that undertake certain corporate actions and reorganizations. Securities purchased on a firm commitment basis are purchased for delivery beyond the normal settlement date at a stated price and yield.  No income accrues to the purchaser of a security on a firm commitment basis prior to delivery.  Such securities are recorded as an asset and are subject to changes in value based upon changes in the general level of interest rates.  Purchasing a security on a firm commitment basis can involve a risk that the market price at the time of delivery may be lower than the agreed upon purchase price, in which case there could be an unrealized loss at the time of delivery.  The Fund will only make commitments to purchase securities on a firm commitment basis with the intention of actually acquiring the securities, but may sell them before the settlement date if it is deemed advisable.  The Fund will designate liquid assets in an amount at least equal in value to the Fund’s commitments to purchase securities on a firm commitment basis.  If the value of these assets declines, the Fund will place additional liquid assets in the account on a daily basis so that the value of the assets in the account is equal to the amount of such commitments. As when-issued securities are subject to delayed or deferred settlement, such securities may be either illiquid, or suffer from severe constraints in liquidity.

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Fixed Income Securities

 

The Fund may invest in fixed income securities. Fixed income securities generally pay a specified rate of interest or dividends, or a rate that is adjusted periodically by reference to some specified index or market rate or other factor. Fixed income securities may include securities issued by U.S. federal, state, local, and non-U.S. governments and other agencies and instrumentalities, and by a wide range of private or corporate issuers. Fixed income securities include, among others, bonds, notes, bills, debentures, convertible securities, bank obligations, mortgage and other asset-backed securities, loan participations and assignments and commercial paper.

 

Because interest rates vary, it is impossible to predict the income of the Fund for any particular period. Except to the extent that values are affected independently by other factors such as developments relating to a specific issuer or group of issuers, when interest rates decline, the value of a fixed income portfolio can generally be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a fixed income portfolio can generally be expected to decline.  In certain instances, fixed income securities may decline precipitously or become worthless. Prices of longer-term securities generally increase or decrease more sharply than those of shorter-term securities in response to interest rate changes, particularly if such securities were purchased at a discount.  It should be noted that the market values of securities rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities tend to react less to fluctuations in interest rate levels than do those of higher-rated securities.

 

Call or Buy-Back Features

 

In addition, many fixed-income securities contain call or buy-back features that permit their issuers to call or repurchase the securities from their holders.  Such securities may present risks based on payment expectations.  Although the Fund may typically receive a premium if an issuer were to redeem a security, if an issuer exercises such a “call option” and redeems the security during a time of declining interest rates, the Fund may realize a capital loss on its investment if the security was purchased at a premium and the Fund may have to replace the called security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased rate of return to the Fund.

 

Floating and Variable Rate Instruments

 

The Fund may invest in floating and variable rate obligations. Floating or variable rate obligations bear interest at rates that are not fixed, but vary with changes in specified market rates or indices, such as the prime rate, and at specified intervals. The variable rate obligations in which the Fund may invest include variable rate master demand notes, which are unsecured instruments issued pursuant to an agreement between the issuer and the holder that permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary and provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate.

 

Certain of the floating or variable rate obligations that may be purchased by the Fund may carry a demand feature that would permit the holder to tender them back to the issuer of the instrument or to a third party at par value prior to maturity.  Some of the demand instruments purchased by the Fund is not traded in a secondary market and derive their liquidity solely from the ability of the holder to demand repayment from the issuer or third party providing credit support.  If a demand instrument is not traded in a secondary market, the Fund will nonetheless treat the instrument as liquid for the purposes of its investment restriction limiting investments in illiquid securities unless the demand feature has a notice period of more than seven days; if the notice period is greater than seven days, such a demand instrument will be characterized as illiquid for such purpose.   The Fund’s right to obtain payment at par on a demand instrument could be affected by events occurring between the date the Fund elects to demand payment and the date payment is due that may affect the ability of the issuer of the instrument or a third party providing credit support to make payment when due.  To facilitate settlement, some demand instruments may be held in book entry form at a bank other than the Fund’s custodian subject to a sub-custodian agreement approved by the Fund between that bank and the Fund’s custodian.

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Foreign Currency Risks

 

Currencies of emerging market countries are subject to significantly greater risks than currencies of developed countries. Many emerging market countries have experienced steady declines or sudden devaluations of their currencies relative to the U.S. dollar. Some currencies in developing countries may not be internationally traded, or the currencies may be subject to a variety of controls imposed by local governments. Such restrictions and controls might result in undervalued or overvalued currencies; pronounced volatility in exchange rates; limited trading liquidity; or partial or total restrictions on exchange and repatriation. Any of the aforementioned currency risks may result in any or all of the following: such risks might induce material volatility to the Fund’s net asset value; such risks might alter the fair value of the Fund’s assets; or such risks might compromise the Fund’s liquidity in a material manner, including compromising the Fund’s ability to honor redemption requests from its shareholders.

 

Future restrictive exchange controls could prevent or restrict the ability of an issuer in such market to make dividend or interest payments in the original currency of the obligation. In addition, even though the currencies of some emerging market countries may be convertible into U.S. dollars, the conversion rates may not reflect their market values.

 

The U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s investments and of dividends and interest earned by the Fund may be significantly affected by changes in currency exchange rates. The value of the Fund’s assets denominated in foreign currencies will increase or decrease in response to fluctuations in the value of those foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar. Although the Fund may engage in currency transactions, Seafarer does not currently intend to utilize active hedging techniques to manage ongoing currency risks. Should Seafarer do so, there is no assurance that it will do so at an appropriate time or that it will be able to accurately predict exchange rate movements. For example, if the Fund increases its exposure to a currency and that currency’s price subsequently falls, such currency management may result in increased losses to the Fund. Similarly, if the Fund decreases its exposure to a currency and the currency’s price rises, the Fund will lose the opportunity to participate in the currency’s appreciation. Some currency prices may be volatile, and there is the possibility of government controls on currency exchange or government intervention in currency markets, which could adversely affect the Fund. Foreign investments, which are not U.S. dollar-denominated, may require the Fund to convert assets into foreign currencies or to convert assets and income from foreign currencies to U.S. dollars. Normally, exchange transactions will be conducted on a spot, cash or forward basis at the prevailing rate in the foreign exchange market.

 

Dividends and interest income, denominated in foreign currencies and received by the Fund, may give rise to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries. Tax treaties between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes. In addition, many foreign countries do not impose taxes on capital gains with respect to investments by non-resident investors.

 

The Fund may invest in convertible debt securities, which may be denominated in either U.S. dollars or foreign currencies. The value of convertible securities varies with a number of factors including the value and volatility of the underlying stock, the level and volatility of interest rates, the passage of time, dividend policy and other variables. Investing in a convertible security denominated in a currency different from that of the security into which it is convertible may expose the Fund to currency risk as well as risks associated with the level and volatility of the foreign exchange rate between the security’s currency and the underlying stock’s currency.

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Foreign Securities

 

Investors should recognize that investing in the securities of non-U.S. or foreign issuers generally, and particularly in emerging market issuers, involves special considerations that are not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. issuers. Investments in securities of foreign issuers may involve risks arising from differences between U.S. and foreign securities markets, including less volume, much greater price volatility in and relative illiquidity of no foreign securities markets, different trading and settlement practices, and less governmental supervision and regulation, from changes in currency exchange rates, from high and volatile rates of inflation, from economic, social and political conditions and, as with domestic multinational corporations, from fluctuating interest rates.

 

Since most foreign securities are denominated in foreign currencies or traded primarily in securities markets in which settlements are made in foreign currencies, the value of these investments and the net investment income available for distribution to shareholders of the Fund may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency exchange rates or exchange control regulations. Because the Fund may purchase securities denominated in foreign currencies, a change in the value of any such currency against the U.S. dollar will result in a change in the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets and the Fund’s income available for distribution. The Fund’s foreign currency transactions may give rise to ordinary income or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency.

 

In addition, although the Fund’s income may be received or realized in foreign currencies, the Fund will be required to compute and distribute its income in U.S. dollars. Therefore, if the value of a currency relative to the U.S. dollar declines after the Fund’s income has been earned in that currency, translated into U.S. dollars and declared as a dividend, but before payment of such dividend, the Fund could be required to liquidate portfolio securities to pay such dividend. Similarly, if the value of a currency relative to the U.S. dollar declines between the time the Fund incurs expenses or other obligations in U.S. dollars and the time the Fund makes those payments, the amount of local currency that must be converted in order to pay such expenses in U.S. dollars will be greater than the corresponding amount of such currency required to be converted at the time the obligations were incurred.

 

Certain markets are in only the earliest stages of development.  There is also a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of investors and financial intermediaries.  Many of such markets also may be affected by developments with respect to more established markets in the region. Brokers in foreign and emerging market countries typically are fewer in number and less capitalized than brokers in the United States.  These factors, combined with the U.S. regulatory requirements for open-end investment companies and the restrictions on foreign investment, result in potentially fewer investment opportunities for the Fund and may have an adverse impact on the investment performance of the Fund.  There generally is less governmental supervision and regulation of exchanges, brokers and issuers in foreign countries than there is in the United States. For example, there may be no comparable provisions under certain foreign laws to insider trading and similar investor protection securities laws that apply with respect to securities transactions consummated in the United States. Further, brokerage commissions and other transaction costs on foreign securities exchanges generally are higher than in the United States. With respect to investments in certain emerging market countries, less comprehensive legal systems may have an adverse impact on the Fund. For example, while the potential liability of a shareholder in a U.S. corporation with respect to acts of the corporation is generally limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment, the notion of limited liability is less clear in emerging market countries. Similarly, the rights of investors in emerging market companies may be more limited than those of shareholders of U.S. corporations.

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Other investment risks include the possible imposition of foreign withholding taxes on certain amounts of the Fund’s income which may reduce the net return on foreign investments as compared to income received from a U.S. issuer, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign assets and the possible establishment of exchange controls, expropriation, confiscatory taxation, other foreign governmental laws or restrictions which might affect adversely payments due on securities held by the Fund, the lack of extensive operating experience of eligible foreign sub-custodians, and legal limitations on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by a foreign sub-custodian in the event of the sub-custodian’s bankruptcy.

 

In addition, there may be less publicly-available information about a foreign issuer than about a U.S. issuer, and foreign issuers may not be subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial record-keeping standards and requirements as U.S. issuers. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of an emerging market country issuer may not reflect its financial position or results of operations in the way they would be reflected had the financial statements been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In addition, for an issuer that keeps accounting records in local currency, inflation accounting rules may require, for both tax and accounting purposes, that certain assets and liabilities be restated on the issuer’s balance sheet in order to express items in terms of currency of constant purchasing power. Inflation accounting may indirectly generate losses or profits. Consequently, financial data may be materially affected by restatements for inflation and may not accurately reflect the real condition of those issuers and securities markets. Finally, in the event of a default of any such foreign obligations, it may be more difficult for the Fund to obtain or enforce a judgment against the issuers of such obligations. The manner in which foreign investors may invest in companies in certain emerging market countries, as well as limitations on such investments, also may have an adverse impact on the operations of the Fund. For example, the Fund may be required in certain of such countries to invest initially through a local broker or other entity and then have the shares purchased re-registered in the name of the Fund. Re-registration may in some instances not be able to occur on a timely basis, resulting in a delay during which the Fund may be denied certain of its rights as an investor.

 

Foreign markets have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have failed to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Further, satisfactory custodial services for investment securities may not be available in some countries having smaller emerging markets, which may result in the Fund incurring additional costs and delays in transporting and custodying such securities outside such countries. Delays in settlement or other problems could result in periods when assets of the Fund are uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of the Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems or the risk of intermediary counterparty failures could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. The inability to dispose of a portfolio security due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in the value of such portfolio security or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the security, could result in possible liability to the purchaser.

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In addition, delivery versus payment settlement may not be possible in certain foreign markets, meaning that the Fund may at times be required to make payment for securities purchased before the Fund’s custodian has actually received delivery of the securities or deliver securities prior to the receipt of payment. For example, if the Fund trades Chinese A-shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the Fund will typically not receive cash payment for the sale of A-shares until the day following its delivery of the securities for settlement. While the Fund and its custodian (or its foreign sub-custodian) will take reasonable precautions with respect to delayed delivery transactions, there still exists the risk that the securities may not be delivered to the Fund or that payment will not be received.

 

Foreign Sub-custodians

 

Rules adopted under the 1940 Act permit the Fund to maintain its foreign securities and cash in the custody of certain eligible foreign banks and securities depositories.

 

Certain banks in foreign countries may not be eligible sub-custodians for either Fund, in which event the Fund may be precluded from purchasing securities in certain foreign countries in which it otherwise would invest or which may result in the Fund’s incurring additional costs and delays in providing transportation and custody services for such securities outside of such countries. The Fund may encounter difficulties in effecting on a timely basis portfolio transactions with respect to any securities of issuers held outside their countries. Other banks that are eligible foreign sub-custodians may be recently organized or otherwise lack extensive operating experience. In addition, in certain countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by foreign sub-custodians in the event of the bankruptcy of the sub-custodian.

 

Futures Contracts

 

Generally, a futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified quantity of a financial instrument, foreign currency or the cash value of an index at a specified price and time. The Fund may enter into futures contracts and related options as permitted under CFTC Rules. The Adviser expects that the Fund’s futures transactions will generally include transactions: (i) on domestic and foreign exchanges on currencies, interest rates and bond indices; and (ii) on domestic and, to the extent permitted by the CFTC, foreign exchanges on stock indices. The Adviser intends to either: (i) comply with the requirements of the CEA by operating the Fund in a manner consistent with the restrictions of Rule 4.5, including filing a notice of eligibility of exemption from registration in accordance with applicable procedures and deadlines; (ii) comply with the requirements of the CEA by registering as a CPO with the CFTC and the National Futures Association; or (iii) operate the Fund in a manner such that the Fund will not be a “commodity pool” under the CEA. CFTC regulations governing the use of commodity interests, including certain futures contracts, by investment companies such as the Fund may be subject to amendment. Amendments to such regulations by the CFTC may affect the ability of the Fund to use futures and commodity interests, and could affect the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

 

Futures contracts are generally bought and sold on the commodities exchanges on which they are listed with payment of initial and variation margin as described below. The sale of a futures contract creates a firm obligation by the Fund, as seller, to deliver to the buyer the specific type of financial instrument called for in the contract at a specific future time for a specified price (or, with respect to certain instruments, the net cash amount). The Fund may use futures contracts and related options for hedging purposes and for investment purposes. The Fund’s use of financial futures contracts and options thereon will in all cases be consistent with applicable regulatory requirements and in particular the rules and regulations of the CFTC. Maintaining a futures contract or selling an option on a futures contract will typically require the Fund to deposit with a financial intermediary, as security for its obligations, an amount of cash or other specified assets (“initial margin”) that initially is from 1% to 10% of the face amount of the contract (but may be higher in some circumstances). Additional cash or assets (“variation margin”) may be required to be deposited thereafter daily as the mark-to-market value of the futures contract fluctuates. The value of all futures contracts sold by the Fund (adjusted for the historical volatility relationship between the Fund and the contracts) will not exceed the total market value of the Fund’s securities. The Fund will designate assets with respect to futures contracts and options thereon as described below under “Use of Segregated and Other Special Accounts.”

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High Yield Securities

 

The Fund may invest in high yield securities.  High yield securities are considered speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligations.  Under rating agency guidelines, any quality and protective characteristics of high yield securities will likely be outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.  In certain instances, high yield securities may decline precipitously or become worthless. Medium and lower rated securities may have poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing, may have a current identifiable vulnerability to default, may be unlikely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal when due in the event of adverse business, financial or economic conditions, and/or may be in default or not current in the payment of interest or principal. The Fund’s achievement of its objective may be more dependent on the Adviser’s own credit analysis than would be the case if the Fund invested in higher rated fixed income securities.

 

The credit ratings of S&P, Fitch, Moody’s or other agencies are evaluations of the safety of principal and interest payments, not market value risk, of lower-rated securities. Credit rating agencies may fail to change timely the credit ratings to reflect subsequent events. Many debt securities in international markets, especially in emerging markets, bear no rating whatsoever. Ratings organizations have declined to determine ratings for such securities for a host of reasons, including but not limited to the issuer’s lack of scale, insufficient or inadequate disclosure by the issuer, or insufficient operating history on the part of the issuer.

 

Neither the Fund nor the Adviser can conclude that ratings issued by recognized agencies reflect the true financial position of the underlying issuer; nor can the Fund or the Adviser be certain an issuer will maintain its current credit rating in the future. When available, the Adviser may refer to selected ratings from recognized agencies. The Adviser may also choose to augment such ratings with its own analyses of issuers, which may include, among other things, review of historic and current financial conditions and anticipated future cash flows.

 

Changes in Credit Ratings.  Changes by recognized rating services in their ratings of a high yield security and in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal may also affect the value of these investments.  A description of the ratings used by Moody’s and S&P is set forth in Appendix A to this SAI.  The ratings of Moody’s and S&P generally represent the opinions of those organizations as to the quality of the securities that they rate.  Such ratings, however, are relative and subjective, are not absolute standards of quality, are subject to change and do not evaluate the market risk or liquidity of the securities. Ratings of a non-U.S. debt instrument, to the extent that those ratings are undertaken, are related to evaluations of the country in which the issuer of the instrument is located, which may cause a rating to be lower than would otherwise by suggested by the intrinsic creditworthiness of the issuer.

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Liquidity.  The secondary markets for high yield securities are not as liquid as the secondary markets for higher rated securities.  The secondary markets for high yield securities are concentrated in relatively few market makers and participants in the market are mostly institutional investors, including insurance companies, banks, other financial institutions and mutual Fund.  In addition, the trading volume for high yield securities is generally lower than that for higher-rated securities and the secondary markets could contract under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer, decreasing the liquidity of the high yield securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.  These factors may have an adverse effect on the ability of the Fund holding such securities to dispose of particular portfolio investments at the price it would wish, may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value per share and may limit the ability of the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing securities and calculating net asset value.

 

Legislative and Regulatory Developments.  Prices for high yield securities may be affected by legislative and regulatory developments.  These laws could adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value and investment practices, the secondary market for high yield securities, the financial condition of issuers of these securities and the value of outstanding high yield securities.  For example, federal legislation requiring the divestiture by federally insured savings and loan associations of their investments in high yield bonds and limiting the deductibility of interest by certain corporate issuers of high yield bonds adversely affected the market in prior years.

 

High Yield Corporate Securities. While the market values of securities rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities tend to react less to fluctuations in interest rate levels than do those of higher-rated securities, the values of certain of these securities also tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic conditions than higher-rated securities.  In addition, such securities present a higher degree of credit risk.  Issuers of these securities are often highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them, so that their ability to service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of rising interest rates may be impaired.  The risk of loss due to default by such issuers is significantly greater than with investment grade securities because such securities generally are unsecured and subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness.  The Fund also may incur additional expenses to the extent that it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings. These risks may be greater for non-U.S. high yield securities especially those of issuers located in emerging markets.

 

The development of markets for high yield corporate securities has been a relatively recent phenomenon, especially outside the United States.  In addition, these markets have undergone significant changes in the past and may undergo significant changes in the future.

 

Most of the high yield securities in which the Fund invests will bear interest at fixed rates but the Fund may also invest in securities with variable rates of interest or which involve equity features, such as contingent interest or participations based on revenues, sales or profits (i.e., interest or other payments, often in addition to a fixed rate of return, that are based on the borrower’s attainment of specified levels of revenues, sales or profits and thus enable the holder of the security to share in the potential success of the venture). 

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High Yield Non-U.S. Debt Securities. Investing in fixed and floating rate high yield non-U.S. debt securities, especially those of issuers located in emerging market countries, will expose the Fund to the direct or indirect consequences of political, social or economic changes in the countries that issue the securities or in which the issuers are located, in addition to the risks of investing in high yield securities generally.  For example, the ability and willingness of sovereign obligors in emerging market countries or the governmental authorities that control repayment of their external debt to pay principal and interest on such debt when due may depend on general economic and political conditions within the relevant country.  Certain countries in which the Fund may invest, especially emerging market countries, have historically experienced, and may continue to experience, high rates of inflation, high interest rates, exchange rate trade difficulties and extreme poverty and unemployment.  Many of these countries are also characterized by political uncertainty or instability.  Additional factors which may influence the ability or willingness to service debt include, but are not limited to, an issuer’s (including sovereign issuers) cash flow situation, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, and the relative size of its debt service burden.  Non-U.S. issuers, including government issuers, may also have debt (such as commercial bank debt) that is senior to its high yield securities.

 

The ability of a non-U.S. sovereign obligor, especially an obligor in an emerging market country, to make timely payments on its external debt obligations will also be strongly influenced by the obligor’s balance of payments, including export performance, its access to international credit and investments, fluctuations in interest rates and the extent of its foreign reserves, and the issuing government’s policy toward the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and other international agencies.  A country whose exports are concentrated in a few commodities or whose economy depends on certain strategic imports could be vulnerable to fluctuations in international prices of these commodities or imports.  To the extent that a country receives payment for its exports in currencies other than dollars, its ability to make debt payments denominated in dollars could be adversely affected.  If a non-U.S. sovereign obligor cannot generate sufficient earnings from foreign trade to service its external debt, it may need to depend on continuing loans and aid from foreign governments, commercial banks and multilateral organizations, and inflows of foreign investment.  The commitment on the part of these foreign governments, multilateral organizations and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on the government’s implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of its obligations.  Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties’ commitments to lend funds, which may further impair the obligor’s ability or willingness to timely service its debts.  The cost of servicing external debt will also generally be adversely affected by rising international interest rates, because many external debt obligations bear interest at rates which are adjusted based upon international interest rates.  The ability to service external debt will also depend on the level of the relevant government’s international currency reserves and its access to foreign exchange.  Currency devaluations may affect the ability of an issuer to obtain sufficient foreign exchange to service its debt. The risks enumerated above are particularly heightened with regard to issuers in emerging market countries.

 

As a result of the foregoing or other factors, a governmental obligor, especially an obligor in an emerging market country, may default on its obligations.  If such an event occurs, the Fund may have limited legal recourse against the issuer and/or guarantor.  Remedies must, in some cases, be pursued in the courts of the defaulting party itself, and the ability of the holder of non-U.S. sovereign debt securities to obtain recourse may be subject to the political climate in the relevant country.

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Illiquid Investments

 

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. An illiquid investment is a security or other position that a fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment.

 

To the extent that instruments that the Fund holds become illiquid due to the lack of sufficient buyers or markets or other conditions, the percentage of the Fund’s assets invested in illiquid investments would increase.  The Adviser, under the supervision of the Board, monitors Fund ownership of illiquid investments and will, in such a case, consider appropriate measures to enable the Fund to maintain sufficient liquidity for operating purposes and to meet redemption requests.

 

Inflation-Indexed Bonds

 

Inflation-indexed bonds are fixed income securities whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the CPI accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.

 

Inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury have maturities of five, ten or twenty years, although it is possible that securities with other maturities will be issued in the future. The U.S. Treasury securities pay interest on a semiannual basis, equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. For example, if the Fund purchased an inflation-indexed bond with a par value of $1,000 and a 3% real rate of return coupon (payable 1.5% semi-annually), and inflation over the first six months were 1%, the mid-year par value of the bond would be $1,010 and the first semi-annual interest payment would be $15.15 ($1,010 times 1.5%). If inflation during the second half of the year resulted in the whole year’s inflation equaling 3%, the end-of-year par value of the bond would be $1,030 and the second semi-annual interest payment would be $15.45 ($1,030 times 1.5%).

 

If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed, and will fluctuate. The Fund may also invest in other inflation related bonds that may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal. The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation.

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Interest-Only Securities

 

Interest only securities (“IOs”) are a form of stripped mortgage security.  Stripped mortgage securities may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing. The risk of early prepayment is the primary risk associated with IOs.

 

Stripped mortgage securities are structured with two or more classes of securities that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets.  IOs are one class of a stripped mortgage security that receives all of the interest (while another class will receive all of the principal (“POs” or “principal only class”)).

 

Interest Rate and Equity Swaps and Related Transactions

 

The Fund may enter into interest rate and equity swaps and may purchase or sell (i.e., write) interest rate and equity caps, floors and collars. The Fund expects to enter into these transactions in order to hedge against either a decline in the value of the securities included in the Fund’s portfolio, or against an increase in the price of the securities which it plans to purchase, in order to preserve or maintain a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio or to achieve a particular return on cash balances, or in order to increase income or gain. Interest rate and equity swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to make or receive payments based on a notional principal amount. The purchase of an interest rate or equity cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined level, to receive payments on a contractually-based principal amount from the party selling the interest rate or equity cap. The purchase of an interest rate or equity floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined rate, to receive payments on a contractually-based principal amount from the party selling the interest rate or equity floor. A collar is a combination of a cap and a floor that preserves a certain return within a predetermined range of values.

 

The Fund will usually enter into interest rate and equity swaps on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out), with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each interest rate or equity swap will generally be accrued on a daily basis, and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate net asset value at least equal to the accrued excess will be designated to cover such liability. If the Fund enters into an interest rate or equity swap on other than a net basis, the Fund will designate the full amount accrued on a daily basis of the Fund’s obligations with respect to the swap.

 

The use of interest rate and equity swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates and other applicable factors, the investment performance of the Fund would diminish compared with what it would have been if these investment techniques were not utilized. Moreover, even if the Adviser is correct in its forecasts, there is a risk that the swap position may correlate imperfectly with the price of the asset or liability being hedged.

 

As is the case with futures and options strategies, the effective use of swaps and related transactions by the Fund may depend, among other things, on the Fund’s ability to terminate the transactions at times when the Adviser deems it desirable to do so. To the extent the Fund does not, or cannot, terminate such a transaction in a timely manner, the Fund may suffer a loss in excess of any amounts that it may have received, or expected to receive, as a result of entering into the transaction.

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The liquidity of swap agreements will be determined by the Adviser based on various factors, including (i) the frequency of trades and quotations, (ii) the number of dealers and prospective purchasers in the marketplace, (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market, (iv) the nature of the security (including any demand or tender features), and (v) the nature of the marketplace for trades (including the ability to assign or offset the Fund’s rights and obligations relating to the investment).

 

There is no limit on the amount of interest rate and equity swap transactions that may be entered into by the Fund. The effective use of swaps and related transactions by the Fund may depend, among other things, on the Fund’s ability to terminate the transactions at times when the Adviser deems it desirable to do so. Because swaps and related transactions are bilateral contractual arrangements between the Fund and counterparties to the transactions, the Fund’s ability to terminate such an arrangement may be considerably more limited than in the case of an exchange traded instrument. To the extent the Fund does not, or cannot, terminate such a transaction in a timely manner, the Fund may suffer a loss in excess of any amounts that it may have received, or expected to receive, as a result of entering into the transaction. If the other party to a swap defaults, the Fund’s risk of loss is the net amount of payments that the Fund contractually is entitled to receive, if any. The Fund may purchase and sell caps, floors and collars without limitation, subject to the segregated account requirement described above.

 

Interest Rate Futures Contracts

 

The Fund may enter into interest rate futures contracts, for example, in order to protect it from fluctuations in interest rates without necessarily buying or selling fixed income securities. An interest rate futures contract is an agreement to take or make delivery of either: (i) an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of a particular debt security or index of debt securities at the beginning and at the end of the contract period; or (ii) a specified amount of a particular debt security at a future date at a price set at time of the contract. For example, if the Fund owns bonds, and interest rates are expected to increase, the Fund might sell futures contracts on debt securities having characteristics similar to those held in the portfolio. Such a sale would have much the same effect as selling an equivalent value of the bonds owned by the Fund. If interest rates did increase, the value of the debt securities in the portfolio would decline, but the value of the futures contracts to the Fund would increase at approximately the same rate, thereby keeping the net asset value of the Fund from declining as much as it otherwise would have. The Fund could accomplish similar results by selling bonds with longer maturities and investing in bonds with shorter maturities when interest rates are expected to increase. However, because the futures market may be more liquid than the cash market, the use of futures contracts as a risk management technique allows the Fund to take a position without having to sell its portfolio securities. Similarly, when the Adviser expects that interest rates may decline, the Fund may purchase interest rate futures contracts in an attempt to hedge against having to make subsequently anticipated purchases of bonds at the higher prices subsequently expected to prevail. Since the fluctuations in the value of appropriately selected futures contracts should be similar to that of the bonds that will be purchased, the Fund could take advantage of the anticipated rise in the cost of the bonds without actually buying them until the market had stabilized.

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The use of options and futures transactions entails risks. In particular, the variable degree of correlation between price movements of futures contracts and price movements in the related portfolio position of the Fund could create the possibility that losses on the derivative will be greater than gains in the value of the Fund’s position. In addition, futures and options markets could be illiquid in some circumstances and certain OTC options could have no markets. The Fund might not be able to close out certain positions without incurring substantial losses. To the extent the Fund utilizes futures and options transactions for hedging, such transactions should tend to decrease the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged position and, at the same time, limit any potential gain to the Fund that might result from an increase in value of the position. There is also the risk of loss by the Fund of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom the Fund has an open position in a futures contract or option thereon. Finally, the daily variation margin requirements for futures contracts create a greater ongoing potential financial risk than would purchases of options, in which case the exposure is limited to the cost of the initial premium and transaction costs.

 

Investment Risk Management

 

The Fund’s Adviser, Seafarer, utilizes various techniques to manage risks arising from the investment and portfolio construction processes. Those techniques include researching risks within the portfolio’s holdings, understanding the risks that those holdings present, and monitoring such risks within the portfolio on an ongoing basis.

 

Seafarer’s investment team meets regularly to review portfolio holdings, evaluate the associated risks, assess the portfolio managers’ conviction levels on such holdings, and determine decision points for the purchase and sale of holdings. Seafarer will typically cause the Fund to sell positions in individual securities when it no longer believes those positions present attractive long-term growth opportunities relative to other possible investments.

 

All investments involve risk and there can be no guarantee against loss resulting from an investment in the Fund, nor can there be any assurance that the Fund’s investment objective will be attained. Below is supplemental information about risks of investing in the Fund. Further information about the principal risks of investing in the Fund can be found in the Fund’s Prospectus.

 

Loans of Portfolio Securities

 

The Fund may lend portfolio securities to brokers or dealers or other financial institutions in accordance with policies and procedures of the Trust, as may be adopted from time to time.  The procedure for the lending of securities will typically include the following features and conditions.  The collateral will consist either of U.S. Government Securities or the borrower of the securities will deposit cash with the Fund in an amount equal to a minimum of 100% of the market value of the securities lent. The Fund will seek to invest the collateral in short-term debt securities, cash equivalents (or pooled investment vehicle interests in cash, cash equivalents and short-term debt instruments) and earn the income thereon.  A negotiated portion of the income so earned may be paid to the borrower or the broker who arranged the loan.  The collateral will be marked to market daily, and if the value of the collateral drops below the required minimum at any time, the borrower may typically be called upon to post additional collateral.  These will be “demand” loans and may be terminated by the Fund at any time.  The Fund will receive any dividends and interest paid on the securities lent, although the U.S. federal income tax characteristics of such payment may change.  The Fund’s performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned.

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These transactions must be fully collateralized at all times, but involve some credit risk to the Fund if the borrower or the party (if any) guaranteeing the loan should default on its obligations. In the event of the default or bankruptcy of the other party to a securities loan, the Fund could experience delays in recovering the securities it lent.  To the extent that, in the meantime, the value of the securities the Fund lent has increased or the value of the collateral decreased, the Fund could experience a loss.  In the event of a default by the borrower, the Fund will, if permitted by law, dispose of such collateral except that the Fund may retain any such part thereof that is a security in which the Fund is permitted to invest.

 

Although voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Fund, as the lender, generally retains the right to call the loans and obtain the return of the securities loaned at any time on reasonable notice, and it will attempt to do so in order that the securities may be voted by the Fund if the holders of such securities are asked to vote upon or consent to matters which the Adviser believes materially affect the investment; however, the Fund may not be able to recall the securities in time for the Fund to be the owner on the record date for determining shareholders entitled to vote or consent on the matter.  The Fund may typically also call such loans in order to sell the securities involved.

 

Market Risk

 

The market price of securities owned by any Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably.

 

Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries represented in the securities markets. The value of a security may decline due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also decline due to factors which affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value simultaneously.

 

Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed-income securities.

 

Money Market Instruments/Securities

 

The Fund may hold money market instruments, including commercial paper, bankers acceptances, certificates of deposit and other short term debt securities as ancillary liquid assets.

 

Mortgage-Related and Other Asset Backed Securities

 

Mortgage-related securities are interests in pools of residential or commercial mortgage loans, including mortgage loans made by savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, commercial banks and others. Pools of mortgage loans are assembled as securities for sale to investors by various governmental, government-related and private organizations. The Fund may also invest in debt securities that are secured with collateral consisting of mortgage-related securities.

 

Under the direction of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have entered into a joint initiative to develop a common securitization platform for the issuance of a uniform mortgage-backed security (the “Single Security Initiative”), which would generally align the characteristics of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac certificates. The Single Security Initiative was launched in June 2019, and as of this time, the long-term effects it may have on the market for mortgage-backed securities remains uncertain.

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Options

 

A put option gives the purchaser of the option, upon payment of a premium, the right to sell, and the writer of the option the obligation to buy (if the option is exercised), the underlying security, index, currency or other instrument at the exercise price. The Fund’s purchase of a put option on a security, for example, might be designed to protect its holdings in the underlying instrument (or, in some cases, a similar instrument) against a substantial decline in the market value of such instrument by giving the Fund the right to sell the instrument at the option exercise price. A call option, upon payment of a premium, gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy (if the option is exercised), and the seller the obligation to sell, the underlying instrument at the exercise price. The Fund’s purchase of a call option on a security, financial futures contract, index, currency or other instrument might be intended to protect the Fund against an increase in the price of the underlying instrument that it intends to purchase in the future by fixing the price at which it may purchase the instrument. An “American” style put or call option may be exercised at any time during the option period, whereas a “European” style put or call option may be exercised only upon expiration or during a fixed period prior to expiration. Exchange-listed options are issued by a regulated intermediary such as the Options Clearing Corporation (“OCC”), which guarantees the performance of the obligations of the parties to the options.

 

In order to hedge against adverse market shifts or to potentially increase income or gain, the Fund may purchase put and call options or write “covered” put and call options on futures contracts on stocks, stock indices, interest rates and currencies. In addition, the Fund may utilize options on currencies in order to hedge against currency exchange rate risks or to gain exposure to one or more currencies. A call option written by the Fund is “covered” so long as the Fund owns: (i) the underlying investment subject to the option; (ii) securities convertible or exchangeable without the payment of any consideration into the securities subject to the option; or (iii) a call option on the relevant security or currency with an exercise price no higher than the exercise price on the call option written. A put option written by the Fund is “covered” if the Fund either (a) designates on its or its custodian records liquid securities having a value at least equal to the exercise price of the underlying investment or (b) has certain offsetting puts. Parties to options transactions must make certain payments and/or set aside certain amounts of assets in connection with each transaction.

 

By writing a call, the Fund will generally limit its opportunity to profit from an increase in the market value of the underlying investment above the exercise price of the option for as long as the Fund’s obligation as writer of the option continues. By writing a put, the Fund will generally limit its opportunity to profit from a decrease in the market value of the underlying investment below the exercise price of the option for as long as the Fund’s obligation as writer of the option continues. Upon the exercise of a put option written by the Fund, the Fund may suffer an economic loss equal to the difference between the price at which the Fund is required to purchase the underlying investment and its market value at the time of the option exercise, less the premium received for writing the option. Upon the exercise of a call option written by the Fund, the Fund may suffer an economic loss equal to an amount not less than the Fund’s acquisition cost of the investment underlying the option, less the sum of the premium received for writing the option and the exercise price paid to the Fund.

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The Fund may choose to exercise the options it holds, permit them to expire or terminate them prior to their expiration by entering into closing transactions. The Fund may enter into a closing purchase transaction in which the Fund purchases an option having the same terms as the option it had written or a closing sale transaction in which the Fund sells an option having the same terms as the option it had purchased.

 

Exchange-listed options on securities and currencies, with certain exceptions, generally settle by physical delivery of the underlying security or currency, although in the future, cash settlement may become available. Frequently, rather than taking or making delivery of the underlying instrument through the process of exercising the option, listed options are closed by entering into offsetting purchase or sale transactions that do not result in ownership of the new option. Index options are cash settled for the net amount, if any, by which the option is “in-the-money” (that is, the amount by which the value of the underlying instrument exceeds, in the case of a call option, or is less than, in the case of a put option, the exercise price of the option) at the time the option is exercised.

 

OTC options are purchased from or sold to securities dealers, financial institutions or other parties (collectively referred to as “counterparties” and individually referred to as a “counterparty”) through a direct bilateral agreement with the counterparty. In contrast to exchange-listed options, which generally have standardized terms and performance mechanics, the terms of an OTC option, including such terms as method of settlement, term, exercise price, premium, guaranties and security, are determined by negotiation of the parties.

 

Unless the parties provide for it, no central clearing or guaranty function is involved in an OTC option. As a result, if a counterparty fails to make or take delivery of the security, currency or other instrument underlying an OTC option it has entered into with the Fund or fails to make a cash settlement payment due in accordance with the terms of that option, the Fund will lose any premium it paid for the option as well as any anticipated benefit of the transaction. Thus, the Adviser must assess the creditworthiness of each such counterparty or any guarantor or credit enhancement of the counterparty’s credit to determine the likelihood that the terms of the OTC option will be met.

 

If the Fund sells a call option, the premium that it receives may serve as a partial hedge, to the extent of the option premium, against a decrease in the value of the underlying securities or instruments held by the Fund or will increase the Fund’s income. Similarly, the sale of put options can also provide gains for the Fund. The Fund may purchase and sell call options on securities that are traded on U.S. and foreign securities exchanges and in the OTC markets, and on securities indices, currencies and futures contracts. All calls sold by the Fund must be “covered” (that is, the Fund must own the securities or futures contract subject to the call), or must otherwise meet the asset segregation requirements described below for so long as the call is outstanding. Even though the Fund will receive the option premium to help protect it against loss, use of options could result in losses to the Fund, force the purchase or sale of portfolio securities at inopportune times or for prices higher or lower than current market values, or cause the Fund to hold a security it might otherwise sell or sell a security it might otherwise hold.

 

The Fund’s ability to close out its position as a purchaser or seller of an OCC-issued or exchange-listed put or call option is dependent, in part, upon the liquidity of the particular option market. Among the possible reasons for the absence of a liquid option market on an exchange are: (i) insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions on transactions imposed by an exchange; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities, including reaching daily price limits; (iv) interruption of the normal operations of the OCC or an exchange; (v) inadequacy of the facilities of an exchange or the OCC to handle current trading volume; or (vi) a decision by one or more exchanges to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the relevant market for that option on that exchange would cease to exist, although any such outstanding options on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

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The hours of trading for listed options may not coincide with the hours during which the underlying financial instruments are traded. To the extent that the option markets close before the markets for the underlying financial instruments, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that would not be reflected in the corresponding option markets.

 

The Fund reserves the right to purchase or sell options on instruments and indices other than those described here and which may be developed in the future to the extent consistent with applicable law, the Fund’s investment objective and the restrictions set forth herein.

 

Options on Currencies

 

The Fund may invest in options on currencies traded on domestic and foreign securities exchanges in order to hedge against currency exchange rate risks or to increase income or gain, as described above in “Currency Transactions.”

 

Options on Futures Contracts

 

The Fund may purchase put and call options and write covered put and call options on futures contracts on stock indices, interest rates and currencies traded on domestic and, to the extent permitted by the CFTC, foreign exchanges, in order to hedge all or a portion of its investments or to increase income or gain and may enter into closing transactions in order to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be affected. An option on a stock index futures contract, interest rate futures contract or currency futures contract, as contrasted with the direct investment in such a contract, gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in the underlying contract at a specified exercise price at any time on or before the expiration date of the option. Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account. The potential loss related to the purchase of an option on a futures contract is limited to the premium paid for the option (plus transaction costs). While the price of the option is fixed at the point of sale, the value of the option does change daily and the change would be reflected in the net asset value of the Fund.

 

The purchase of an option on a financial futures contract involves payment of a premium for the option without any further obligation on the part of the Fund. If the Fund exercises an option on a futures contract it will be obligated to post initial margin (and potentially variation margin) for the resulting futures position just as it would for any futures position. Futures contracts and options thereon are generally settled by entering into an offsetting transaction, but no assurance can be given that a position can be offset prior to settlement or that delivery will occur.

 

Options on Stocks and Stock Indices

 

The Fund may purchase put and call options and write covered put and call options on stocks and stock indices in order to hedge against movements in the equity markets or to potentially increase income or gain to the Fund. In addition, the Fund may purchase options on stocks that are traded over-the-counter. Options on stock indices are similar to options on specific securities. However, because options on stock indices do not involve the delivery of an underlying security, the option represents the holder’s right to obtain from the writer cash in an amount equal to a fixed multiple of the amount by which the exercise price exceeds (in the case of a put) or is less than (in the case of a call) the closing value of the underlying stock index on the exercise date. Options are also traded in certain industry or market segment indices such as the Oil Index, the Computer Technology Index, and the Transportation Index. Stock index options are subject to position and exercise limits and other regulations imposed by the exchange on which they are traded.

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If the Adviser expects general stock market prices to rise, the Fund might purchase a call option on a stock index or a futures contract on that index as a hedge against an increase in prices of particular equity securities it wants ultimately to buy. If the stock index does rise, the price of the particular equity securities intended to be purchased may also increase, but that increase should be offset in part by the increase in the value of the Fund’s index option or futures contract resulting from the increase in the index. If, on the other hand, the Adviser expects general stock market prices to decline, it might purchase a put option or sell a futures contract on the index. If that index does decline, the value of some or all of the equity securities in the Fund’s portfolio may also be expected to decline, but that decrease would be offset in part by the increase in the value of the Fund’s position in such put option or futures contract.

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund is intended as a long-term investment vehicle. As such, it does not intend to engage in short-term trading; however, it may do so from time to time. This means that the Fund may buy a security and sell that security a short period of time after its purchase to realize gains if the portfolio manager believes that the sale is in the best interest of the Fund (for example, if the portfolio manager believes an alternative investment has greater growth potential). The Fund will effect portfolio transactions without regard to any holding period if, in Fund management’s judgment, such transactions are advisable in light of a change in circumstances of a particular company or within a particular industry or in general market, economic or financial conditions. Such activity will increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate and generate higher transaction costs due to commissions or dealer mark-ups and other expenses that would reduce the Fund’s investment performance. In addition, a high level of short-term trading may increase the amount of taxable distributions to shareholders that would reduce the after-tax returns of the Fund, and in particular may generate short-term capital gains that when distributed to shareholders are taxed as ordinary income. Please note that shareholder activity (redemptions or subscriptions to the Fund) may influence the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate.

 

Portfolio turnover may vary greatly from year to year as well as within a particular year, and may be affected by cash requirements for redemption of shares. The Fund is not restricted by policy with regard to portfolio turnover and will make changes in investment portfolios from time to time as business and economic conditions as well as market prices may dictate.

 

Preferred Stock

 

Preferred stocks, like debt obligations, are generally fixed-income securities. Shareholders of preferred stocks normally have the right to receive dividends at a fixed rate when and as declared by the issuer’s board of directors, but do not participate in other amounts available for distribution by the issuing corporation. Dividends on the preferred stock may be cumulative, and generally all cumulative dividends must be paid prior to common shareholders receiving any dividends. Because as a general matter preferred stock dividends must be paid before common stock dividends, preferred stocks generally entail less risk than common stocks. Upon liquidation, preferred stocks are generally entitled to a specified liquidation preference, which is generally the same as the par or stated value, and are senior in right of payment to common stock. Preferred stocks are, however, equity securities in the sense that they do not represent a liability of the issuer and, therefore, do not offer as great a degree of protection of capital or assurance of continued income as investments in corporate debt securities. In addition, preferred stocks are subordinated in right of payment to all debt obligations and creditors of the issuer, and convertible preferred stocks may be subordinated to other preferred stock of the same issuer.

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Regional and Country Risks

 

Social, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country or region could significantly affect the market in that country or region. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact the issuers of securities in a different country or region. From time to time, a small number of companies and industries may represent a large portion of the market in a particular country or region, and these companies and industries can be sensitive to adverse social, political, economic or regulatory developments.

 

In addition to the risks discussed above, there are specific risks associated with investing in the emerging market regions, including the risk of severe economic, political or military disruption. Emerging markets comprise countries in all stages of economic development. Regional risks include, but are not limited to: energy dependence, political unrest, regime change, religious revolution, natural disaster, nuclear accidents, famine, and civil war. Regional risks build over time and may become fundamental risks to investing in a particular region. The histories of Apartheid in South Africa or Communist rule in Vietnam are examples of regional risks that may continue to affect performance of economies in those respective regions.

 

Many emerging market economies may experience overextension of credit, currency devaluations and restrictions, rising unemployment, high inflation, underdeveloped financial services sectors, heavy reliance on international trade and prolonged economic recessions. Many Asia Pacific countries are dependent on foreign supplies of energy. A significant increase in energy prices could have an adverse impact on these economies and that region as a whole. Many nations in the emerging market regions continue to maintain high levels of debt and will be adversely affected by future credit restrictions or currency devaluations.

 

The economies of many Asia Pacific countries (especially those whose development has been export-driven) are dependent on the economies of the United States, Europe and other Asian countries, and, as seen in the recent developments in global credit and equity markets, events in any of these economies could negatively impact the economies of Asia Pacific countries.

 

Currency fluctuations, devaluations and trading restrictions in any one country can sometimes be extreme, and may cause financial losses within the Fund’s portfolio. In addition, such currency fluctuations in one country can sometimes beget significant and widespread effects on other countries and regions (sometimes known as “contagion”). Also, increased political and social instability in any one country could cause further economic and market uncertainty in the region, or result in significant downturns and volatility in the economies of surrounding nations. As an example, in the late 1990s, the economies in the Asian region suffered significant downturns and increased volatility in their financial markets. A financial crisis of the magnitude witnessed in 2008 cannot be predicted with certainty; nor can major economic downturns, political instability, or military conflicts.

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The development of Asia Pacific economies, and particularly those of China, Japan and South Korea, may also be affected by political, military, economic and other factors related to North Korea. Negotiations to ease tensions and resolve the political division of the Korean peninsula have been carried on from time to time producing sporadic and inconsistent results. Recently, there have also been efforts to increase economic, cultural and humanitarian contacts among North Korea, South Korea, Japan and other nations. There can be no assurance that such negotiations or efforts will continue or will ease tensions in the region. Any military action or other instability could adversely impact the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective. Lack of available information regarding North Korea is also a significant risk factor.

 

Some companies in the region may have less established shareholder governance and disclosure standards than those in the U.S. Some companies are controlled either by families or by financial institutions whose investment decisions may be hard to predict based on standard U.S.-based equity analysis. Consequently, investments may be vulnerable to unfavorable decisions by the management or shareholders. Corporate protectionism (e.g., adoption of poison pills and restrictions on shareholders seeking to influence management) could adversely impact the value of affected companies. Governments of certain countries (typically those classified as emerging markets) may be more unstable and more likely to impose capital controls, nationalize a company or industry, place restrictions on foreign ownership and on withdrawing sale proceeds of securities from the country, and/or impose punitive taxes that could adversely affect the prices of securities. Additionally, because these markets may not be as mature, there may be increased settlement risks for transactions in local securities.

 

Overseas countries, particularly developing countries, may also be more susceptible to natural disasters, or adverse changes in climate or weather. Agrarian economies, or those with limited natural resources (such as oil and natural gas), may be especially vulnerable to natural disasters and climatic changes.

 

Country-specific events cannot easily be contained to that singular country and should be understood as a regional issue. As an example, the prevalence of drug trafficking in Mexico and Colombia is a risk to the economic and political stability of the region as a whole. As country-specific events bleed into regional risks, so can regional risks destabilize a continent or economic trading bloc.

 

Regional conflict in the Middle East continues to pose significant risk to investing in the economies of Egypt and Israel, among others. Actions driven by religious belief and aspirations for regional dominance cannot be fully predicted. Traditional conflict between Iran and Israel, Syria and Israel and the growth of militant factions throughout the Middle East may pose significant difficulties to investors.

 

In North Africa, there have been recent instances of civil unrest in Libya that spread to Egypt, Tunisia, and Bahrain. This civil discontent was driven by high food prices, and enabled by social networking technologies that allowed previously unconnected populations to share discontent and further drive unrest.

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Europe has, in certain instances, been susceptible to serious financial hardship, high debt levels and high levels of unemployment. The European Union itself has experienced difficulties in connection with the debt loads of its member states, Greece and Italy in particular. Although Western Europe is developed, recent economic hardship will pose investment risk in neighboring emerging nations, including the Czech Republic, Poland and Turkey.

 

Repurchase Agreements

 

The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which the seller of a security commits itself at the time of sale to repurchase that security from the buyer at a mutually agreed upon time and price.  The resale price is in excess of the purchase price and reflects an agreed-upon market interest rate unrelated to the coupon rate on the purchased security. Such transactions afford the Fund the opportunity to earn a return on temporarily available cash at relatively low market risk.  The Adviser monitors the value of the securities underlying the repurchase agreement at the time the transaction is entered into and at all times during the term of the repurchase agreement to ensure that the value of the securities always equals or exceeds the repurchase price.  The Fund requires that additional securities be deposited if the value of the securities purchased decreases below their resale price and does not bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under the repurchase obligation.

 

While the underlying security may be a bill, certificate of indebtedness, note or bond issued by an agency, authority or instrumentality of the U.S. government, the obligation of the seller is not guaranteed by the U.S. government and there is a risk that the seller may fail to repurchase the underlying security. In such event, the Fund would attempt to exercise rights with respect to the underlying security, including possible disposition in the market. However, the Fund may be subject to various delays and risks of loss, including (i) possible declines in the value of the underlying security during the period while the Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto, (ii) possible reduced levels of income and lack of access to income during this period, and (iii) inability to enforce rights and the expenses involved in the attempted enforcement.

 

Repurchase agreements with maturities of more than seven days will be treated as illiquid securities.

 

Restricted Securities and Securities with Limited Trading Markets (Rule 144A)

 

The Fund may purchase securities for which there is a limited trading market or which are subject to restrictions on resale to the public.  If the Fund were to acquire substantial positions in securities with limited trading markets, the activities of the Fund could have an adverse effect upon the liquidity and marketability of such securities and the Fund might not be able to dispose of its holdings in those securities at then current market prices.  Circumstances could also exist (to satisfy redemptions, for example) when portfolio securities might have to be sold by the Fund at times which otherwise might be considered to be disadvantageous so that the Fund might receive lower proceeds from such sales than it had expected to realize.  Investments in securities which are “restricted” may involve added expenses to the Fund should the Fund be required to bear registration costs with respect to such securities and could involve delays in disposing of such securities which might have an adverse effect upon the price and timing of sales of such securities and the liquidity of the Fund with respect to redemptions.  Restricted securities and securities for which there is a limited trading market may be significantly more difficult to value due to the unavailability of reliable market quotations for such securities, and investment in such securities may have an adverse impact on net asset value.  The Fund may purchase Rule 144A securities for which there may be a secondary market of qualified institutional buyers as contemplated by Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. Liquidity determinations with respect to Rule 144A securities will be made by the Board or by the Adviser pursuant to guidelines established by the Board. The Fund’s holdings of Rule 144A securities that are considered liquid securities will not be subject to the Fund’s applicable limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

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Reverse Repurchase Agreements

 

The Fund may enter into “reverse” repurchase agreements to avoid selling securities during unfavorable market conditions to meet redemptions.  Pursuant to a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund will sell portfolio securities and agree to repurchase them from the buyer at a particular date and price.  Whenever the Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will establish a segregated account in which it will maintain liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the repurchase price marked to market daily (including accrued interest), and will subsequently monitor the account to ensure that such equivalent value is maintained.  The Fund pays interest on amounts obtained pursuant to reverse repurchase agreements.  Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings by the Fund.

 

Securities Related Activities

 

In some countries, banks or other financial institutions may constitute a substantial number of the leading companies or companies with the most actively traded securities. The 1940 Act limits the Fund’s ability to invest in any equity security of an issuer that, in its most recent fiscal year, derived more than 15% of its revenues from “securities related activities,” as defined by the rules thereunder. These provisions may also restrict the Fund’s investments in certain foreign banks and other financial institutions.

 

Short Sales

 

The Fund may make short sales of securities consistent with its strategies. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline.

 

When the Fund makes a short sale, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale as collateral for its obligation to deliver the security upon conclusion of the sale. The Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and is often obligated to pay over any accrued interest and dividends on such borrowed securities.

 

If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time that the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.

 

To the extent that the Fund engages in short sales, it will provide collateral to the broker-dealer and (except in the case of short sales “against the box”) will maintain additional asset coverage in the form of segregated or “earmarked” assets that the Adviser determines to be liquid in accordance with procedures established by the Board and that is equal to the current market value of the securities sold short, or will ensure that such positions are covered by “offsetting” positions, until the Fund replaces the borrowed security. A short sale is “against the box” to the extent that the Fund contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. The Fund may engage in short selling to the extent permitted by the federal securities laws and rules and interpretations thereunder. To the extent the Fund engages in short selling in foreign (non-U.S.) jurisdictions, the Fund will do so to the extent permitted by the laws and regulations of such jurisdiction.

50

 

Temporary Defensive Positions

 

The Fund may depart from its principal investment strategies in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions by taking temporary defensive positions in short-term debt securities, cash and cash equivalents, and sovereign, government and agency debts and obligations. Under such circumstances, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

 

Use of Segregated and Other Special Accounts

 

Use of many derivatives by the Fund will require, among other things, that the Fund designate liquid assets to cover its obligations under the derivative to the extent the Fund’s obligations are not otherwise “covered” through ownership of the underlying security, financial instrument or currency or otherwise. In general, either the full amount of any obligation by the Fund to pay or deliver securities or assets must be covered at all times by the securities, instruments or currency required to be delivered, or, subject to any regulatory restrictions, an amount of liquid assets at least equal to the current amount of the obligation must be designated. A call option on securities written by the Fund, for example, will require the Fund to hold the securities subject to the call (or securities convertible into the needed securities without additional consideration) or to designate liquid securities sufficient to purchase and deliver the securities if the call is exercised. For a call option on an index, the Fund will maintain assets determined to be liquid in accordance with the Fund’s procedures in an amount equal to the value of the underlying index. A put option on securities written by the Fund will require the Fund to designate liquid securities equal to the exercise price.

 

The options entered into by the Fund, including those on securities, currency, financial instruments or indices, and OCC-issued and exchange-listed index options may provide for cash settlement or for physical delivery. In the case of derivative contracts that do not cash settle, for example, a Fund will typically set aside liquid assets equal to the full notional value of the derivative contracts while the positions are open. With respect to certain derivative contracts that do cash settle, however, a Fund may set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligations (i.e., the Fund’s daily net liability) under the derivative contracts, if any, rather than their full notional value. Each Fund reserves the right to modify their asset segregation policies in the future to, among other things, comply with any changes in the positions from time to time articulated by the SEC or its staff regarding asset segregation. By setting aside assets equal to only its net obligations under cash-settled derivative contracts, a Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund was required to segregate assets equal to the full notional amount of the derivative contracts.

 

Derivatives may be covered by means other than those described above when consistent with applicable regulatory policies. The Fund may also enter into offsetting transactions so that its combined position, coupled with any segregated assets, equals its net outstanding obligation in related derivatives. The Fund could purchase a put option, for example, if the strike price of that option is the same as or higher than the strike price of a put option sold by the Fund. Moreover, instead of designating assets if it holds a futures contract or forward contract, the Fund could purchase a put option on the same futures contract or forward contract with a strike price as high as or higher than the price of the contract held. Other derivatives may also be offset in combinations. If the offsetting transaction terminates at the time of or after the primary transaction, no segregation is required, but if it terminates prior to that time, assets equal to any remaining obligation would need to be segregated.

51

 

U.S. Government Securities

 

The Fund may invest without limit in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies or instrumentalities.  U.S. government securities in general include a wide variety of U.S. Treasury obligations consisting of bills, notes and bonds, which principally differ only in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance.  Securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities are debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities established or sponsored by the U.S. government and may be backed only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality.  The Fund will invest in such obligations only where the Adviser is satisfied that the credit risk with respect to the issuer is minimal.

 

Securities issued by the U.S. Treasury generally do not involve the credit risks associated with investments in other types of fixed-income securities, although, as a result, the yields available from these securities are generally lower than the yields available from corporate fixed-income securities. Like other debt securities, however, the values of U.S. government securities change as interest rates fluctuate, which could affect the Fund’s net asset value. Since the magnitude of these fluctuations will generally be greater at times when the Fund’s average maturity is longer, under certain market conditions the Fund may, for temporary defensive purposes, accept lower current income from short-term investments rather than investing in higher yielding long-term securities. Some U.S. Government securities (such as Fannie Maes and Freddie Macs) are guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest by the relevant entity (e.g., FNMA or FHLMC) but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Therefore, the securities would generally be neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury.

 

Variable Interest Entities

 

In China, ownership of internet information services companies by foreign individuals and entities (including U.S. persons and entities, inclusive of U.S. mutual funds) is prohibited. In order to facilitate investment in internet businesses by foreign individuals, many Chinese companies have created variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that allow foreign shareholders to exert a degree of control and obtain substantially all of the economic benefits arising from a company without formal legal ownership. VIEs are a longstanding industry practice, well known to Chinese officials and regulators; however, VIEs are not formally recognized under Chinese law. It is uncertain whether Chinese officials or regulators will withdraw their implicit acceptance of the VIE structure, or whether any new laws, rules or regulations relating to VIE structures will be adopted or, if adopted, what impact they would have on the interests of foreign shareholders. Under extreme circumstances, China might prohibit the existence of VIEs, or sever their ability to transmit economic and governance rights to foreign individuals and entities; if so, the market value of any associated portfolio holdings would likely suffer substantial, detrimental, and possibly permanent effects.

52

 

Warrants and Rights

 

The Fund may invest in warrants and rights. Warrants are securities that are usually issued together with a debt security or preferred stock and that give the holder the right to buy a proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price until a stated expiration date. Buying a warrant generally can provide a greater potential for profit or loss than an investment of equivalent amounts in the underlying common stock. The market value of a warrant does not necessarily move with the value of the underlying securities. If a holder does not sell the warrant, it risks the loss of its entire investment if the market price of the underlying security does not, before the expiration date, exceed the exercise price of the warrant. Investing in warrants is a speculative activity. Warrants pay no dividends and confer no rights (other than the right to purchase the underlying securities) with respect to the assets of the issuer. A right is a privilege granted, typically to existing shareholders of a corporation, to subscribe for shares of a new issue of stock before it is issued. Rights normally have a short life, usually two to four weeks, may be freely transferable and generally entitle the holder to buy the new common stock at a lower price than the public offering price.

 

Zero Coupon Securities, Pay-In-Kind Bonds and Deferred Payment Securities

 

The Fund may invest in zero coupon securities, pay-in-kind bonds and deferred payment securities.   Zero coupon securities are debt securities that pay no cash income but are sold at substantial discounts from their value at maturity.  When a zero coupon security is held to maturity, its entire return, which consists of the amortization of discount, comes from the difference between its purchase price and its maturity value.  This difference is known at the time of purchase, so that investors holding zero coupon securities until maturity know at the time of their investment what the expected return on their investment will be.  Zero coupon securities may have conversion features.  The Fund also may purchase pay-in-kind bonds.  Pay-in-kind bonds pay all or a portion of their interest in the form of debt or equity securities.  Deferred payment securities are securities that remain zero coupon securities until a predetermined date, at which time the stated coupon rate becomes effective and interest becomes payable at regular intervals.

 

Zero coupon securities, pay-in-kind bonds and deferred payment securities tend to be subject to greater price fluctuations in response to changes in interest rates than are ordinary interest-paying debt securities with similar maturities. The value of zero coupon securities appreciates more during periods of declining interest rates and depreciates more during periods of rising interest rates than ordinary interest-paying debt securities with similar maturities.  Zero coupon securities, pay-in-kind bonds and deferred payment securities may be issued by a wide variety of corporate and governmental issuers.  Although these instruments are generally not traded on a national securities exchange, they are widely traded by brokers and dealers and, to such extent, will not generally be considered illiquid for the purposes of the Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

 

Current U.S. federal income tax law requires the holder of a zero coupon security, certain pay-in-kind bonds, deferred payment securities and certain other securities acquired at a discount (“original issue discount”) to accrue income with respect to these securities attributable to original issue discount prior to the receipt of cash payments.  Accordingly, to avoid liability for U.S. federal income and excise taxes, the Fund may be required to distribute income accrued with respect to these securities and may have to dispose of portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances in order to generate cash to satisfy these distribution requirements.

53

 

 

Tax legislation enacted in 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”) requires accrual-method taxpayers to recognize items of gross income for tax purposes no later than the year in which the taxpayer recognizes the income for financial accounting purposes. The 2017 Tax Act is effective for debt instruments having original issue discount for tax years beginning after December 31, 2018. It is uncertain whether the 2017 Tax Act will require acceleration of the recognition by a Fund of original issue discount for federal income tax purposes for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018.

 

INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS

 

Fundamental Investment Restrictions

 

The following is a description of the Funds’ fundamental investment restrictions. “Fundamental” restrictions are those that may not be changed without the vote of a majority of a Fund’s outstanding voting securities. Under the 1940 Act, the vote of a majority of the outstanding securities of a company means the vote, at the annual or a special meeting of the security holders of such company duly called: (A) of 67 percent or more of the voting securities present at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting securities of such company are present or represented by proxy; or (B) of more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting securities of such company, whichever is less.

 

In contrast, non-fundamental investment restrictions (which include each Fund’s investment objective and each of the other investment restrictions set forth in the Prospectus or this SAI) may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

 

The percentages set forth below and the percentage limitations set forth in the Prospectus apply at the time of the purchase of a security and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of a purchase of such security.

 

For purposes of the fundamental restrictions set forth below, “total assets” means net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

Fundamental Investment Restriction

Seafarer Overseas

Growth and

Income Fund

Seafarer Overseas

Value Fund

1. The Fund may not purchase securities that would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry or group of industries (excluding the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities).
2. The Fund may not borrow money, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act.1
3. The Fund may not make loans, except that the Fund may purchase or hold debt instruments in accordance with their investment objectives and policies; provided however, this restriction does not apply to repurchase agreements or loans of portfolio securities.
4. The Fund may not act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers except that, in the disposition of portfolio securities, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under the federal securities laws.
5. The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, although the Fund may purchase securities of issuers which deal in real estate, securities which are secured by interests in real estate, and securities which represent interests in real estate, and they may acquire and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of their rights as a holder of debt obligations secured by real estate or interests therein.  
6. The Fund may not purchase or sell physical commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and options, may enter into foreign exchange contracts and may enter into swap agreements and other financial transactions not requiring the delivery of physical commodities, including but not limited to, purchasing or selling commodity exchange-traded funds or exchange-traded notes.  
7. The Fund may not issue senior securities, except for permitted borrowings or as otherwise permitted under the 1940 Act

 

 

1See “Borrowing” above. Under current pronouncements, certain Fund positions may be excluded from the definition of “senior security” so long as the Fund maintains adequate cover, segregation of assets or otherwise.

54

 

Restrictions (2) and (7) above shall be interpreted based upon no-action letters and other pronouncements of the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

 

For the purposes of Restriction (1), each Fund currently intends to use the Global Industry Classification System (“GICS”). The use of any particular classification system is not a fundamental policy of the Fund. The Fund may use other classification titles, standards, and systems from time to time, as it determines to be in the best interests of shareholders.

 

Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions

 

In addition to the foregoing fundamental investment policies, each Fund is also subject to the following non-fundamental restrictions and policies. These and other non-fundamental investment restrictions disclosed elsewhere in the Prospectus or in this SAI may be changed at any time by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval. For purposes of the non-fundamental restrictions set forth below, “total assets” means net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

Non-Fundamental Investment Restriction

Seafarer Overseas

Growth and

Income Fund

Seafarer Overseas

Value Fund

1.  The Fund may not purchase any illiquid investments, including any securities whose sale or disposition is restricted under federal securities laws and securities that are not readily marketable, if, as a result, more than 15% of the Fund’s total net assets (based on then-current value) would then be invested in such securities.
2.  The Fund may not make short sales of securities or maintain a short position or purchase securities on margin, in excess of 10% of the Fund’s total assets (based on then-current value), except that the Fund may obtain short-term credits as necessary for the clearance of security transactions, and the Fund may make any short sales or maintain any short positions where the short sales or short positions would not constitute “senior securities” under the 1940 Act.

55

 

For purposes of Non-Fundamental Restriction (1) above, the staff of the SEC is presently of the view that repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days are subject to this restriction. Until that position is revised, modified or rescinded, each Fund will conduct their operations in a manner consistent with this view. This limitation on investment in illiquid securities does not apply to certain restricted securities, including securities pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and certain commercial paper that the Adviser has determined to be liquid under procedures approved by the Board.

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

 

Purchases and sales of portfolio securities may be made as considered advisable by the Adviser in the best interests of the shareholders. Each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. Each Fund’s distributions of any net short-term capital gains realized from portfolio transactions are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In addition, higher portfolio turnover rates can result in corresponding increases in portfolio transaction costs for the Fund. See “Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage” in this SAI.

 

For reporting purposes, each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the fiscal year. In determining such portfolio turnover, all securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less are excluded. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur, for example, if all of the securities in the Fund’s investment portfolio (other than short-term money market securities) were replaced once during the fiscal year. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor should the Adviser deem it advisable to purchase or sell securities.

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

This Policy sets forth the conditions under which Portfolio Holdings data for the Trust on behalf of the Funds may be disclosed to Third Parties (which may include the public) and Service Providers. No data about the Funds may be disclosed except in accordance with this Policy.

 

Portfolio Holdings data includes, but is not limited to, the following information about the Funds: (i) specific securities held; (ii) industry sector breakdowns as a percentage of portfolio net assets; (iii) asset composition (e.g., equities versus bonds); (iv) U.S. versus foreign holdings percentage breakdowns and regional breakdowns (e.g., Asia, North America); and (v) top 10 portfolio holdings in order of position size, including percentage of portfolio.

56

 

“Third Parties” or a “Third Party” means a person other than a Service Provider, an employee of a Service Provider, a Trustee of the Board, or an officer of the Funds.

 

“Service Providers” or a “Service Provider” includes, but is not limited to, the investment adviser, sub-adviser, administrator, custodian, transfer agent, fund accountant, principal underwriter, software or technology service providers, pricing and proxy voting service providers, research and trading service providers, auditors, accountants, and legal counsel, or any other entity that has a need to know such information in order to fulfill their contractual obligations to provide services to the Funds.

 

Policy Overview

 

The Board has adopted, on behalf of the Funds, policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Portfolio Holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to protect the confidentiality of the Portfolio Holdings information and to prevent the selective disclosure of such information. These policies and procedures may be modified at any time with the approval of the Board.

 

In order to protect the Funds from any trading practices or other use by a Third Party that could harm the Funds, Portfolio Holdings and other Fund-specific information must not be selectively released or disclosed except under the circumstances described below.

 

The Board will periodically review the list of entities that have received, other than through public channels, Portfolio Holdings data, to ensure that the disclosure of the information was in the best interest of shareholders, identify any potential for conflicts of interest and evaluate the effectiveness of its current portfolio holding policy.

 

The identity of such entities is provided below:

  

Name of Recipient  

Frequency of

Holdings Disclosure

Information 

Lag

Date of

Information 

Date
Provided

to
Recipients 

Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC

(Adviser)

Daily None Daily Daily

ALPS Fund Services, Inc.

(Administrator)

Daily None Daily Daily

Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.

(Custodian)

Daily None Daily Daily

Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc.

(Proxy voting service)

Daily None Daily Daily

Deloitte & Touche LLP

(Independent Registered Accounting Firm)

As needed None As needed As needed

Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP

(Counsel)

As needed None As needed As needed

Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner LLP

(Adviser Counsel)

As needed None As needed As needed
Bloomberg, L.P. Daily None Daily Daily
FactSet Research Systems Inc. Daily None Daily Daily
ICE Data Services, LLC (Data Provider) Daily None Daily Daily

Vezea LLC

(Website Developer)

Monthly None Monthly Monthly

ALPS Distributors, Inc.

(Distributor)

As needed None Monthly Monthly

57

 

Only officers of the Funds and their authorized agents, including, but not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer of the investment adviser, may approve the disclosure of a Fund’s Portfolio Holdings. Except as set forth under “Policy Exceptions” below, exceptions to this Policy may only be made if an officer of a Fund and its authorized agents, including, but not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer of the investment adviser, determines that the disclosure is being made for a legitimate business purpose and such disclosures must be documented and reported to the Board on a quarterly basis. In all cases, Third Parties and Service Providers are required to execute a non-disclosure agreement requiring the recipient to keep confidential any Portfolio Holdings data received and not to trade on the Confidential Portfolio Information (defined below) received. Neither the Trust nor its Service Providers (nor any persons affiliated with either) can receive any compensation or other consideration in connection with the sharing of a Fund’s Portfolio Holdings.

 

Disclosure of the Portfolio Holdings information that is not publicly available (“Confidential Portfolio Information”) may be made to Service Providers. In addition, to the extent permitted under applicable law, the investment adviser may distribute (or authorize the custodian or principal underwriter to distribute) Confidential Portfolio Information to the Fund’s relevant Service Providers and to facilitate the review of the Fund by certain mutual fund analysts and ratings agencies (such as Morningstar and Lipper Analytical Services) (“Rating Agencies”); provided that such disclosure is limited to the information that the investment adviser believes is reasonably necessary in connection with the services to be provided. As noted above, except to the extent permitted under this Policy, Confidential Portfolio Information may not be disseminated for compensation or other consideration.

 

Before any disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information to Service Providers or Rating Agencies is permitted, the applicable Fund’s investment adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer (or persons designated by the investment adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer) must determine in writing that, under the circumstances, the disclosure is being made for a legitimate business purpose. Furthermore, the recipient of Confidential Portfolio Information by a Service Provider or Rating Agency must be subject to a written confidentiality agreement that prohibits any trading upon the Confidential Portfolio Information or the recipient must be subject to professional or ethical obligations not to disclose or otherwise improperly use the information, such as would apply to independent registered public accounting firms or legal counsel.

58

 

The Funds’ investment adviser shall have primary responsibility for ensuring that the Portfolio Holdings information is disclosed only in accordance with this Policy. As part of this responsibility, the Funds’ investment adviser will maintain such internal policies and procedures as it believes are reasonably necessary for preventing the unauthorized disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information.

 

Full Portfolio Holdings

 

The disclosure policy currently authorizes the quarterly dissemination of full portfolio holdings of each Fund with a thirty (30) calendar day lag. Separately, each Fund will also disclose its full portfolio holdings at the close of its fiscal year (April 30) and its semi-annual period (October 31) in accordance with regulation. Except as set forth in this Policy, the full holdings of each Fund will also be disclosed on a quarterly basis on forms required to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as follows: (i) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of each fiscal year will be filed as part of the annual report filed on Form N-CSR; (ii) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of the first and third fiscal quarters will be filed in Form N-Q; and (iii) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of the second fiscal quarter will be filed as part of the semi-annual report filed on Form N-CSR. Form N-Q is being rescinded. Once Form N-Q is rescinded, disclosure of each Fund’s complete holdings will be required to be made monthly on Form N-PORT no later than 60 days after the end of each month, with information reported on Form N-PORT for the third month of the fiscal quarter made publicly available by the SEC 60 days after the end of each Fund’s fiscal quarter. The Trust’s Form N-CSRs and Form N-Qs are available (and the Trust’s Form N-PORTs will be available) at www.sec.gov.

 

Partial Portfolio Holdings

 

Except as set forth in this Policy, partial Portfolio Holdings information will only be provided to Third Parties for the most recent month-end period (or, optionally, for the most recent quarter-end period) and only after a ten (10) calendar day delay from the end of the month (or quarter) being provided. These holdings may include any combination of the Portfolio Holdings information, except for full Portfolio Holdings. Disclosure of partial Portfolio Holdings is optional and is not required.

 

Policy Exceptions

 

The following disclosures of Portfolio Holdings are not prohibited by this Policy:

 

Disclosures that are required by law;

Disclosures necessary for Service Providers (defined above);

Disclosure necessary for Rating Agencies to assess applicable fund ratings.

Disclosures necessary to broker-dealers or banks as part of the normal buying, selling, shorting, or other transactions in portfolio securities

Disclosures to the applicable Fund’s or Service Providers’ regulatory authorities, accountants, or counsel;

Disclosures to the adviser of the Fund of compiled data concerning accounts managed by the adviser; or

Any portfolio holdings that precede a full public disclosure (e.g., portfolio holdings that are dated prior to the most recent quarterly disclosure) are not considered to be sensitive, proprietary information of the Fund, and therefore are not subject to the aforementioned disclosure policies.

59

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

 

Investment Decisions and Portfolio Transactions

 

Investment decisions for a Fund are made with a view to achieving its investment objectives. Investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular client involved (including the Fund). Some securities considered for investment by a Fund may also be appropriate for other clients served by the Adviser. Thus, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. If a purchase or sale of securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and one or more of these clients is considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities will be allocated among the Fund and clients in a manner deemed fair and reasonable by the Adviser. Particularly when investing in less liquid or illiquid securities of smaller capitalization companies, such allocation may take into account the asset size of the Fund in determining whether the allocation of an investment is suitable. The Adviser may aggregate orders for the Fund with simultaneous transactions entered into on behalf of its other clients so long as price and transaction expenses are averaged either for the portfolio transaction or for that day. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the security. In some instances, one client may sell a particular security to another client. It also sometimes happens that two or more clients simultaneously purchase or sell the same security, in which event each day’s transactions in such security are, insofar as possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which in the Adviser’s opinion is equitable to each and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each. There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more clients will have an adverse effect on other clients, including the Fund.

 

Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices

 

The Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities, options and futures contracts and buys and sells such securities, options and futures for each Fund through a substantial number of brokers and dealers. In so doing, the Adviser uses its best efforts to obtain for the Fund the most favorable price and execution available, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions as described below. In seeking the most favorable price and execution, the Adviser, having in mind the Fund’s best interests, considers all factors it deems relevant, including, by way of illustration, price, the size of the transaction, the nature of the market for the security, the amount of the commission, the timing of the transaction taking into account market prices and trends, the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker-dealer involved and the quality of service rendered by the broker-dealer in that or other transactions.

 

The Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio investments for each Fund’s accounts with brokers or dealers selected by it in its discretion. The Adviser is responsible for negotiating and determining any commission rates to be paid for such transactions. The Adviser has no affiliated broker-dealer. The Adviser is responsible for negotiating and determining any commission rates to be paid for such transactions. In effecting purchases and sales of portfolio securities for the accounts of the Fund, the Adviser will seek the best price and execution of the Fund’s orders. In doing so, the Fund may pay higher commission rates than the lowest available when the Adviser believes it is reasonable to do so in light of the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker effecting the transaction, as discussed below. Although the Fund may use a broker-dealer that sells Fund shares to effect transactions for the Fund’s portfolios, the Fund will not consider the sale of Fund shares as a factor when selecting broker-dealers to execute those transactions.

60

 

There is generally no stated commission in the case of fixed-income securities and other securities traded on a principal basis in the over-the-counter markets, but the price paid by the Fund usually includes an undisclosed dealer commission or markup. In underwritten offerings, the price paid by the Fund includes a disclosed, fixed commission or discount retained by the underwriter or dealer. Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges and other agency transactions involve the payment by the Fund of negotiated brokerage commissions. Such commissions vary among different brokers. Also, a particular broker may charge different commissions according to such factors as the difficulty and size of the transaction. Transactions in non-U.S. securities generally involve the payment of fixed brokerage commissions, which are generally higher than those in the United States. The purchase by the Fund of participations or assignments may be pursuant to privately negotiated transactions pursuant to which the Fund may be required to pay fees to the seller or forego a portion of payments in respect of the participation agreement.

 

Advisers or sub-advisers of investment companies and other institutional investors receive research and brokerage products and services (together, “services”) from broker-dealers which execute portfolio transactions for the clients of such advisers. Consistent with this practice, the Adviser receives brokerage and research products and services from many broker-dealers with which the Adviser places the Fund’s portfolio transactions. These services, which in some cases may also be purchased for cash, may include, among other things, such items as general economic and security market reviews, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities, recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities, access to substantive meetings with company management teams, and services related to the execution of securities transactions. The advisory fees paid by the Fund are not reduced because the Adviser receives such services even though the receipt of such services relieves the Adviser from expenses it might otherwise bear. Research and brokerage services provided by broker-dealers chosen by the Adviser to place the Fund’s portfolio transactions may be useful to the Adviser in providing services to the Adviser’s other clients, although not all of these services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser in managing the Fund. Conversely, brokerage and research products and services provided to the Adviser by broker-dealers in connection with trades executed on behalf of other clients of the Adviser may be useful to the Adviser in managing the Fund, although not all of these brokerage and research products and services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser in managing such other clients.

 

The Trust’s Board of Trustees has authorized the Adviser to pay a broker who provides research services commissions that are competitive but that are higher than the lowest available rate that another broker might have charged if the Adviser determines in good faith that the commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided. The provision of such services in exchange for brokerage business is commonly referred to as “soft-dollar arrangements.” Payment of higher commissions in exchange for research services will be made in compliance with the provisions of Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”) and other applicable state and federal laws. Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act defines “research” as, among other things, advice, directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities; and analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy and the performance of accounts. Research products and services provided to the Adviser by broker-dealers may include, among other things, databases, data services, certain software and publications that provide access to and/or analysis of company, market and statistical data and proprietary research and analysis. In addition, the Adviser may receive certain products and services which provide both research and non-research or administrative assistance (“mixed-use”) benefits, for example, software which is used for both portfolio analysis and account administration. In these instances, the Adviser makes a reasonable allocation as follows: the portion of such service of specific component which provides assistance to Adviser in its investment decision-making responsibilities is obtained from the broker-dealer with commissions paid on client portfolio transactions (including the Funds), while the portion of such services or specific component which provides non-research assistance is paid by the Adviser with its own resources.

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The Adviser places portfolio transactions for other advisory accounts. Research services furnished by firms through which the Trust effects its securities transactions may be used by the Adviser in servicing all of its accounts; not all of such services may be used by the Adviser in connection with the Trust. In the opinion of the Adviser, the benefits from research services to each of the accounts (including the Funds) managed by the Adviser cannot be measured separately. Because the volume and nature of the trading activities of the accounts are not uniform, the amount of commissions in excess of the lowest available rate paid by each account for brokerage and research services will vary. However, in the opinion of the Adviser, such costs to the Trust will not be disproportionate to the benefits received by the Trust on a continuing basis.

 

The Adviser may place orders for the purchase and sale of exchange-listed portfolio securities with a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser where, in the judgment of the Adviser, such firm will be able to obtain a price and execution at least as favorable as other qualified broker-dealers. Pursuant to rules of the SEC, a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser may receive and retain compensation for effecting portfolio transactions for the Fund on a securities exchange if the commissions paid to such an affiliated broker-dealer by the Fund on exchange transactions do not exceed “usual and customary brokerage commissions.” The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” As required by applicable SEC rules, the Board has adopted procedures which are reasonably designed to provide that any commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to an affiliated broker are consistent with the foregoing standards.

 

The brokerage practices are monitored quarterly by the Board of Trustees including the Trustees that are disinterested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds.

 

During 2002 there was a shift in the brokerage industry toward trading securities in the over-the-counter market on agency or commission-equivalent basis rather than on a principal or net price basis. Over-the-counter (“OTC”) purchases and sales may be transacted directly with principal market makers or, under circumstances, on an agency basis if the Adviser believes that the interests of clients are best served by using a broker to execute OTC transactions where one or more market makers may not have the necessary liquidity and/or anonymity to fill the order. When the Adviser elects to transact in OTC securities on an agency basis, two transaction costs for a single trade may be incurred: a commission paid to the executing broker-dealer plus any mark-up or mark-down charged by the market making broker-dealer. The Funds also expect that securities will be purchased at times in underwritten offerings where the price includes a fixed amount of compensation, usually referred to as the underwriter’s concessions or discount. On occasion, purchases may also be made from the issuers. Purchases of new issues from underwriters of securities typically include a commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter.

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Commissions

 

The following table lists the total amount of brokerage commissions paid by each Fund for the fiscal periods noted:

 

Fund Name

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2017

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund $3,209,784 $1,748,304 $2,145,309
Seafarer Overseas Value Fund* $10,971 $16,720 $12,234
*The Seafarer Overseas Value Fund commenced operations on May 31, 2016.

 

For the fiscal period noted, the total brokerage commissions paid by the Fund to brokers and dealers in transactions identified for execution primarily on the basis of research and other services provided to the Fund are summarized below:

 

Fund

Name

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2017

Commissions Transactions Commissions Transactions Commissions Transactions
Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund

$2,484,254 of which:

 

$601,147 estimated for execution services

 

$1,883,107 estimated for research and other services

$1,274,454,106

$1,528,754 of which:

 

$529,915 estimated for execution services

 

$998,839 estimated for research and other services 

$1,126,198,716

$2,034,099 of which:

 

$533,575 estimated for execution services

 

$1,500,524 estimated for research and other services

$1,162,024,466
Seafarer Overseas Value Fund*

$9,942 of which: 

 

$2,143 estimated for execution services 

 

$7,799 estimated for research and other services

$5,040,301

$15,925 of which:

 

$5,479 estimated for execution services 

 

$10,446 estimated for research and other services

$11,225,440

$12,092 of which: 

 

$4,384 estimated for execution services

 

$7,707 estimated for research and other services

$7,032,255
*The Seafarer Overseas Value Fund commenced operations on May 31, 2016.

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The following tables list the total amount of brokerage commissions to brokers who were affiliated with the Fund or the Adviser during the fiscal period noted below:

 

Fund Name

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2017

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund $0 $0 $0
Seafarer Overseas Value Fund* $0 $0 $0
*The Seafarer Overseas Value Fund commenced operations on May 31, 2016.

 

The Fund may acquire securities of brokers who execute the Fund’s portfolio transactions. As of April 30, 2019, the Fund owned securities of its regular broker-dealers (or parents) as shown below:

 

Fund Name

Name of

Broker-Dealer

Market Value of

Securities Owned

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund N/A N/A
Seafarer Overseas Value Fund N/A N/A

 

PURCHASE, EXCHANGE & REDEMPTION OF SHARES

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”), will maintain an account for each shareholder upon which the registration and transfer of shares are recorded, and any transfers shall be reflected by bookkeeping entry, without physical delivery. Confirmations of each purchase, exchange or redemption are sent to each shareholder. Quarterly statements of account are sent which include shares purchased as a result of a reinvestment of Fund distributions. The Transfer Agent will require that a shareholder provide requests in writing, accompanied by a valid signature guarantee form, when changing certain information in an account (i.e., wiring instructions, telephone privileges, etc.).

 

Share Classes

 

Shares of each Fund are currently divided into two share classes – Investor Class and Institutional Class.

 

The assets received by each class of the Fund for the issue or sale of its shares and all income, earnings, profits, losses and proceeds therefrom, subject only to the rights of creditors, are allocated to, and constitute the underlying assets of, that class of the Fund. The underlying assets of each class of the Fund are segregated and are charged with the expenses with respect to that class of the Fund along with a share of the general expenses of the Fund and Trust. Any general expenses of the Fund that are not readily identifiable as belonging to a particular class of the Fund are allocated by or under the direction of the Trustees in such manner as they determine to be fair and equitable.

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Share Class Transfers

 

Fund shareholders may transfer shares between the Investor and Institutional classes of the same Fund. Share class transfers must generally meet the minimum investment requirements described in “Investment Minimums” in the Prospectus, though the Fund reserves the right to waive or change investment minimums, and delegates such authority to Seafarer. A single Fund share class transfer is generally not considered a taxable transaction. The Funds do not impose fees for such transfers. You may request a share class transfer by telephone or by mail. Please call Shareholder Services at 1-855-732-9220 for more information. Please note: broker-dealers or financial intermediaries might restrict share class transfers, or they might impose fees on such transfers.

 

Purchase of Shares

 

The minimum thresholds for initial and subsequent investments in each Fund are set forth in the Prospectus.

 

Subsequent investments may be made at any time by mailing a check to a Fund’s Transfer Agent, along with a detachable stub from the Statement of Account (or a letter providing the account number). Shareholders should be sure to write the Fund’s account number on the check. Purchases of Fund shares (initial or subsequent) may not be made by third party check.

 

Shares of a Fund may be purchased on any business day at the net asset value per share next determined after receipt of a purchase order. Share certificates will not be issued. Share purchase orders are effective on the date a Fund receives a completed Account Application Form (and other required documents) and federal funds become available.

 

Initial and subsequent investments may also be made by electronic funds transfer or wire transfer. Shareholders should note that their bank may charge a fee in connection with transferring money by bank wire.

 

For a share purchase order for a Fund to become effective on a particular business day, prior to 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time): (i) in the case of a wire transfer payment, a purchaser must call 1-855-732-9220 to inform the Transfer Agent of an incoming wire transfer; or (ii) in the case of payment by check or money order, a complete share purchase order must be received by the Transfer Agent, and, in either case, federal funds must be received by the Transfer Agent, on behalf of the Fund. If federal funds are received by the Transfer Agent that same day, the order will be effective on that day. If the Fund receives notification of a wire transfer or a complete share purchase order after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time), or if funds are not received by the Transfer Agent, such purchase order shall be executed as of the date that federal funds are actually received.

 

The price of a Fund’s shares and the valuation of Fund assets are discussed in “Net Asset Value.”

 

Restrictions on Fund Purchases

 

The Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund’s Investor Class (which closed to most new investors on September 30, 2016) is available for purchase only by the following investors:

 

Existing shareholders of the Fund’s Investor Class;

Financial advisers with existing clients invested in the Fund’s Investor Class (i.e., these advisers can continue to add new clients in the Fund’s Investor Class); and

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Employees of Seafarer and their family members.

 

Please note the following about the Fund’s Investor Class:

 

Some broker-dealers and financial intermediaries may not be able to accommodate purchases of the Fund’s Investor Class based on the criteria listed above.

If a shareholder closes an account in the Fund’s Investor Class due to redemption or exchange, the shareholder will no longer be able to make additional investments in the Fund’s Investor Class.

Exchanges between the Seafarer Funds (i.e., the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund and the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund) and share class transfers are subject to any existing restrictions on, or conditions of, the Fund and/or share class that is to be acquired.

The Fund reserves the right to make exceptions to any action taken to close the Fund, or limit inflows into the Fund, and delegates such authority to Seafarer.

 

Exchanging Shares

 

If you have held all or part of your shares in a Fund for at least seven (7) days, you may exchange those shares for shares of the same class of the other Fund, if such Fund is available for sale in your state and meets your investment criteria.

 

Any new account established through an exchange will be subject to all minimum requirements applicable to the shares acquired. Any new account or new subscription established through an exchange is subject to any existing restrictions or conditions on the Fund that is to be acquired. The exchange privilege may only be exercised in those states where the class of shares being acquired legally may be sold. If you are an existing shareholder of a Fund, you may exchange into a new account copying your existing account registration and options. Exchanges between accounts will be accepted only if registrations are identical.

 

If a shareholder exchanges the shares of one Fund for another, the shareholder is not entitled to later reverse the exchange unless all the foregoing conditions are satisfied.

 

Before effecting an exchange, you should read the prospectus of the Fund into which you are exchanging.

 

An exchange represents the sale of shares of one fund and the purchase of shares of another fund. Under U.S. federal income tax law, this may produce a taxable gain or loss in your non-tax-advantaged account. Transfers between classes of a single Fund are generally not considered a taxable transaction (see “Share Class Transfers” above).

 

The exchange privilege may be modified or terminated upon sixty (60) days written notice to shareholders. Although initially there will be no limit on the number of times you may exercise the exchange privilege, each Fund reserves the right to impose such a limitation. Call or write each Fund for further details.

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Redemption of Shares

 

If a Fund determines that it is in the best interests of the remaining shareholders of a Fund, the Fund may pay the redemption price in whole, or in part, by a distribution in kind from the Fund, in lieu of cash, taking such securities at their value employed for determining such redemption price, and selecting the securities in such manner as such Board may deem fair and equitable. A shareholder who receives a distribution in kind may incur a brokerage commission upon a later disposition of such securities and may receive less than the redemption value of such securities or property upon sale, particularly where such securities are sold prior to maturity. Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption.

 

Under the 1940 Act, each Fund may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for any period: (i) during which the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (ii) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; or (iii) during which (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or for such other periods as the SEC may permit. Each Fund may also suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of its shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions.

 

Small Account Balance/Mandatory Redemption. If at any time your account balance falls below the applicable minimum initial investment amount for the share class and type of account described under “Investment Minimums” in the Prospectus due to redemptions, a letter may be sent advising you to add to your account to meet the applicable minimum account balance, to transfer your shares to another share class of the Fund for which you are eligible, or to redeem the remaining shares in your account.  If action is not taken within 30 days of the notice, the Fund may require mandatory redemption of shares, or the Fund may elect to transfer the shares to another share class of the Fund for which you are eligible.  The Fund may adopt other policies from time to time requiring mandatory redemption of shares in certain circumstances, such as to comply with new regulatory requirements. 

 

The Fund reserves the right to waive or change investment minimums and delegates such authority to Seafarer.  Employees of the Adviser and their family members are not subject to any initial or subsequent investment minimums.

 

Redemption Procedures.  Each Fund will redeem all full and fractional shares of the Fund upon request on any business day at the applicable net asset value determined after the receipt of proper redemption instructions. Shareholders liquidating their holdings will receive upon redemption all dividends reinvested through the date of redemption. If notice of redemption is received on any business day, the redemption will be effective on the date of receipt. Payment will ordinarily be made on the next business day, but, in any case, within no more than seven business days from the date of receipt. If the notice is received on a day that is not a business day or after the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE, the redemption notice will be deemed received as of the next business day. The value of shares at the time of redemption may be more or less than the shareholder’s cost.

 

No redemption requests will be processed until a Fund has received a completed Purchase Application, and no redemption of shares purchased by check will be made until all checks received for such shares have been collected, which may take up to 15 days or more.

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Redemption by Mail.  Shares may be redeemed by mail by submitting a written request from the registered owner(s) signed exactly as shares are registered. Signature guarantees by an acceptable guarantor are required to redeem amounts greater than $50,000 or to have proceeds sent to an address other than the address of record. The Transfer Agent has adopted standards and procedures pursuant to which signature-guarantees in proper form generally will be accepted from domestic banks, brokers, dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations, as well as from participants in the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program, the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (“STAMP”) and the Stock Exchanges Medallion Program. Shareholders with any questions regarding signature guarantees should contact the Transfer Agent.

 

In certain instances, the Transfer Agent may require additional documents such as, but not limited to, trust instruments, death certificates, appointments as executor or administrator or certificates of corporate authority.

 

Checks for redemption proceeds will be mailed to the address of record within seven days of redemption.

 

Redemption by Electronic Funds Transfer. Redemption proceeds can be electronically transferred to a predesignated bank account on or about the second business day after receipt of a redemption request. There is no fee associated with this type of transfer.

 

Redemption by Wire.  If redemption by wire has been elected in the Purchase Application, shares may be redeemed on any business day upon request made by telephone or letter. A shareholder or any authorized agent (so designated on the Account Application Form) must provide the Transfer Agent with the dollar or share amount to be redeemed, the account to which the redemption proceeds should be wired, the name of the shareholder and the shareholder’s account number. Shareholders should note that a Fund or their bank may charge a fee in connection with transferring money by wire.

 

A shareholder may change its authorized agent, the address of record or the account designated to receive redemption proceeds at any time by providing the Transfer Agent with written instructions signature guaranteed as described above.

 

Telephone Redemption.  A shareholder may request redemption by calling a shareholder services representative at 1-855-732-9220. Proceeds from telephone redemptions will be forwarded to the shareholder by check unless the shareholder has requested redemption by electronic funds transfer or wire in the manner described above under “Redemption by Wire.” The check will be made payable only to the registered shareholder and sent to the address of record on file with the Transfer Agent. Each Fund reserves the right to refuse a telephone request for redemption if it is believed advisable to do so. Procedures for redeeming shares by telephone may be modified or terminated at any time by the Fund. Neither any Fund nor the Transfer Agent will be liable for following redemption instructions received by telephone which are reasonably believed to be genuine, and the shareholder will bear the risk of loss in the event of unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. Each Fund will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. The Fund and/or the Transfer Agent may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions if they do not follow such procedures. Each Fund may require personal identification codes.

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Medallion Signature Guarantee

 

A Medallion signature guarantee assures that a signature is genuine. It is intended to protect shareholders and the Funds against fraudulent transactions by unauthorized persons. Medallion signature guarantees are generally required by the Funds in the following cases:

 

To change your designated bank account or bank address;

To add bank information to an existing account;

To request a redemption (must be made in writing) in excess of $50,000 ($100,000 for corporate accounts);

To request a wire transfer or electronic funds transfer of redemption proceeds to a bank account other than the bank account of record;

Requests for redemption proceeds to be mailed to an address other than the address of record;

Redemptions made within 30 days of an address change;

Certain transactions on accounts involving executors, administrators, trustees or guardians;

On the IRA Transfer Form if transferring your Fund IRA to another mutual fund;

To change registered account holders;

To change the name on an account due to divorce or marriage (or you can provide a certified copy of the legal documents) showing the name change; and

To add telephone privileges.

 

The Funds reserve the right to require a Medallion signature guarantee under these and other circumstances.

 

How to Obtain a Medallion Signature Guarantee

 

Medallion signature guarantees must be obtained from a participant in a Medallion program endorsed by the Securities Transfer Association. Participants are typically commercial banks or trust companies in the United States, brokerage firms that are members of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. or members of the New York Stock Exchange. Call your financial institution to see if it participates in a medallion program.

 

A Medallion signature guarantee may not be provided by a notary public.

 

Shareholder Services Plan for Investor and Institutional Class Shares

 

The Investor Class and Institutional Class shares of the Funds have adopted a shareholder services plan (“Services Plan”). Under the Services Plan, the Funds are authorized to pay select financial intermediaries and/or Fund affiliates who have entered into a written agreement with the Funds to perform certain ongoing non-distribution related services provided to shareholders in both Investor Class and Institutional Class shares of the Funds (“Participating Organizations”).

 

The aggregate fees on an annual basis for the Investor Class shares of the Funds are not to exceed 0.15% of the average daily net asset value of the Investor Class shares held in the name of a Participating Organization. The aggregate fees on an annual basis for the Institutional Class shares of the Funds are not to exceed 0.05% of the average daily net asset value of the Institutional Class shares held in the name of a Participating Organization. The Service Plan fees are compensation for providing some or all of the following ongoing shareholder related services: (i) establishing and maintaining separate records for each beneficial shareholder; (ii) aggregating and processing of beneficial shareholders’ orders; (iii) processing dividend and other distribution payments from the Funds on behalf of beneficial shareholders; (iv) preparing tax reports or forms on behalf of beneficial shareholders; (v) forwarding communications from the Funds to beneficial shareholders; and (vi) providing other similar services as applicable statutes, rules or regulations permit. Any amount of such payment not paid during a Fund’s fiscal year for such service activities shall be reimbursed to such Fund’s applicable share class.

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Because these Services Plan fees are paid out of a Fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, over time, it will increase the cost of an investment in a Fund. Service Plan Fees incurred are included under “Other Expenses” in a Fund’s Fees and Expenses tables in the Prospectus.

 

Apart from the Services Plan, the Adviser may use revenues from its advisory fees, as well as past profits or its resources from any other source, to make payments to the Distributor of the Funds or other parties with respect to any expenses incurred in connection with the distribution of a Fund’s shares. The Funds’ Distributor or other service providers may also use past profits or resources from any other source, to make payments with respect to the distribution of the shares of a Fund. However, any such distribution payments made by the Adviser, Distributor, or service providers are not expenses that will be borne by the Services Plan.

 

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

The business and affairs of each Fund are managed under the direction of its Board. The Board approves all significant agreements between the Trust on behalf of a Fund and the persons or companies that furnish services to the Fund, including agreements with its distributor, Adviser, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. The day-to-day operations of each Fund are delegated to the Fund’s Adviser and administrator.

 

The name, address, year of birth and principal occupations for the past five years of the Trustees and officers of the Trust are listed below, along with the number of portfolios in the Fund complex overseen by and the other directorships held by each Trustee.

 

INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES

 

Name,

Address*

& Year of Birth

Position(s) 

Held with 

Fund

Term of 

Office** and 

Length of

Time

Served

Principal

Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years***

Number of

Funds in

Fund

Complex

Overseen

by Trustee

****

Other

Directorships

Held by 

Trustee During Past 5 

Years*** 

Mary K. Anstine,

1940

 

Trustee and Chairman Ms. Anstine was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on March 21, 1997 and re-elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Ms. Anstine was appointed Chairman of the Board at the June 6, 2017 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Anstine was formerly an Executive Vice President of First Interstate Bank of Denver until 1994, President/Chief Executive Officer of HealthONE Alliance, Denver, Colorado, from 1994 to 2004, and has been retired since 2004. Ms. Anstine is also Trustee/Director of AV Hunter Trust and Colorado Uplift Board. Ms. Anstine was formerly a Director of the Trust Bank of Colorado (later purchased and now known as Northern Trust Bank), HealthONE and Denver Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America, and a member of the American Bankers Association Trust Executive Committee. 31 Ms. Anstine is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); ALPS Variable Investment Trust (9 funds); Reaves Utility Income Fund (1 fund); and Segall Bryant & Hamill Trust (14 funds).

70

 

Name,

Address*

& Year of Birth

Position(s) 

Held with 

Fund

Term of 

Office** and 

Length of

Time

Served

Principal

Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years***

Number of

Funds in

Fund

Complex

Overseen

by Trustee

****

Other

Directorships

Held by 

Trustee During Past 5 

Years*** 

Jeremy W. Deems,

1976

 

Trustee Mr. Deems was appointed as a Trustee at the March 11, 2008 meeting of the Board of Trustees and elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Deems is the Co-Founder, Chief Operations Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Green Alpha Advisors, LLC, a registered investment advisor, and Co-Portfolio Manager of the Shelton Green Alpha Fund. Prior to joining Green Alpha Advisors, Mr. Deems was CFO and Treasurer of Forward Management, LLC, ReFlow Management Co., LLC, ReFlow Fund, LLC, a private investment fund, and Sutton Place Management, LLC, an administrative services company, from 1998 to June 2007.  From 2004 to 2005, Mr. Deems also served as Treasurer of the Forward Funds and the Sierra Club Funds. 31 Mr. Deems is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); ALPS Variable Investment Trust (9 funds); Clough Funds Trust (1 fund); and Reaves Utility Income Fund (1 fund).

Jerry G. Rutledge,

1944

 

Trustee Mr. Rutledge was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Rutledge is the President and owner of Rutledge’s Inc., a retail clothing business. Mr. Rutledge is currently Director of the American National Bank. He was from 1994 to 2007 a Regent of the University of Colorado. 31 Mr. Rutledge is a Trustee of Principal Real Estate Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Equity Fund (1 fund); and Clough Global Opportunities Fund (1 fund).

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Name,

Address*

& Year of Birth

Position(s) 

Held with 

Fund

Term of 

Office** and 

Length of

Time

Served

Principal

Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years***

Number of

Funds in

Fund

Complex

Overseen

by Trustee

****

Other

Directorships

Held by 

Trustee During Past 5 

Years*** 

Michael “Ross” Shell ,
1970

 

 
Trustee  Mr. Shell was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Shell is Founder and CEO of Red Idea, LLC, a strategic consulting/early stage venture firm (since June 2008). From 1999 to 2009, he was a part-owner and Director of Tesser, Inc., a brand agency. From December 2005 to May 2008, he was Director, Marketing and Investor Relations, of Woodbourne, a REIT/real estate hedge fund and private equity firm. Prior to this, from May 2004 to November 2005, he worked as a business strategy consultant; from June 2003 to April 2004, he was on the Global Client Services team of IDEO, a product design/innovation firm; and from 1999 to 2003, he was President of Tesser, Inc. Mr. Shell graduated with honors from Stanford University with a degree in Political Science. 31  None. 

 

INTERESTED TRUSTEE

 

Name,

Address* &

Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund 

Term of Office**

and Length of

Time Served 

Principal

Occupation(s)

During Past 5

Years*** 

Number of 

Funds in

Fund

Complex

Overseen by

Trustee ****

Other

Directorships

Held by

Trustee During Past 5

Years***

Edmund J. Burke,

1961

 

Trustee Mr. Burke was elected as Trustee at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Burke joined ALPS in 1991 and served as the President and Director of ALPS Holdings, Inc. and ALPS Advisors, Inc., and Director of ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (“ALPS”), and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. (collectively, the “ALPS Companies”). Mr. Burke retired from the ALPS Companies in June 2019. Mr. Burke is deemed an interested Trustee by virtue of his prior positions with the ALPS Companies. 31 Mr. Burke is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Equity Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Opportunities Fund (1 fund); Clough Funds Trust (1 fund); Liberty All-Star Equity Fund (1 fund); and Director of the Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc. (1 fund).

72

 

OFFICERS

 

Name, 

Address* &

Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of Office** 

and Length of

Time Served

Principal Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years***

Bradley J. Swenson,

1972

President Mr. Swenson was elected President of the Trust at the June 11 – 12, 2019 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Mr. Swenson joined ALPS in 2004 and has served as its President since June 2019.  In this role, he serves as an officer to certain other closed-end and open-end investment companies.  He previously served as the Chief Operating Officer of ALPS (2015-2019). Mr. Swenson also previously served as Chief Compliance Officer to ALPS, its affiliated entities, and to certain ETF, closed-end and open-end investment companies (2004-2015). Because of his position with ALPS, Mr. Swenson is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act.

Kimberly R. Storms,

1972

 

Treasurer Ms. Storms was elected Treasurer of the Trust at the March 12, 2013 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Storms is Senior Vice President - Director of Fund Administration of ALPS. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Storms is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Storms is also Treasurer of Liberty All-Star Equity Fund, Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc. and ALPS Series Trust.  Ms. Storms also serves as a Board member and Treasurer of The Center for Trauma & Resilience, a nonprofit agency.

Karen S. Gilomen,

1970

 

Secretary Ms. Gilomen was elected Secretary of the Trust at the December 13, 2016 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Gilomen joined ALPS in August 2016 as Vice President and Senior Counsel.  Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Gilomen was Vice President - General Counsel & CCO of Monticello Associates, Inc. from 2010 to 2016.  Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Gilomen is deemed an affiliate of the Trust, as defined under the 1940 Act.  Ms. Gilomen is also the Secretary of ALPS Variable Investment Trust and Reaves Utility Income Fund, and the Assistant Secretary of the WesMark Funds.

Ted Uhl,

1974

 

Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) Mr. Uhl was appointed CCO of the Trust at the June 8, 2010 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Mr. Uhl joined ALPS in October 2006, and is currently Deputy Compliance Officer of ALPS.  Prior to his current role, Mr. Uhl served as Senior Risk Manager for ALPS from October 2006 until June 2010. Before joining ALPS, Mr. Uhl served a Sr. Analyst with Enenbach and Associates (RIA), and a Sr. Financial Analyst at Sprint.  Because of his position with ALPS, Mr. Uhl is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Mr. Uhl is also CCO of the Boulder Growth & Income Fund, Inc., Centre Funds, Axonic Alternative Income Fund, Index Funds, Reality Shares ETF Trust, Reaves Utility Income Fund and XAI Octagon Floating Rate & Alternative Income Term Trust.

Jennell Panella,

1974

 

Assistant Treasurer Ms. Panella was elected Assistant Treasurer of the Trust at the September 15, 2015 meeting of the Board of Trustees Ms. Panella joined ALPS in June 2012 and is currently Fund Controller of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Panella served as Financial Reporting Manager for Parker Global Strategies, LLC (2009-2012).  Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Panella is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Panella also serves as Assistant Treasurer of James Advantage Funds.

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Name, 

Address* &

Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of Office** 

and Length of

Time Served

Principal Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years***

Sharon Akselrod,

1974

 

Assistant Secretary Ms. Akselrod was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the September 15, 2015 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Akselrod joined ALPS in August 2014 and is currently Senior Investment Company Act Paralegal of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Akselrod served as Corporate Governance and Regulatory Associate for Nordstrom fsb (2013-2014) and Senior Legal Assistant – Legal Manager for AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company (2008-2013). Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Akselrod is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Akselrod is also Secretary of Principal Real Estate Income Fund and Assistant Secretary of ALPS ETF Trust and Clough Funds Trust.

Jennifer Craig

1973

 

Assistant Secretary

Ms. Craig was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the June 8, 2016 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

 

Ms. Craig joined ALPS in 2007 and is currently Assistant Vice President and Paralegal Manager of ALPS. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Craig is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Craig is also Assistant Secretary of Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund, Clough Global Equity Fund, Clough Global Opportunities Fund, Liberty All-Star Equity Fund and Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc.

Sareena Khwaja-Dixon,

1980

 

Assistant Secretary Ms. Khwaja-Dixon was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the December 12, 2017 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Khwaja-Dixon joined ALPS in August 2015 and is currently Senior Counsel and Vice President of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Khwaja-Dixon is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Khwaja-Dixon served as a Senior Paralegal/Paralegal for Russell Investments (2011 – 2015). Ms. Khwaja-Dixon is also Secretary of Liberty All-Star Equity Fund, Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc., Clough Funds Trust, Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund, Clough Global Equity Fund and Clough Global Opportunities Fund.

 

* All communications to Trustees and Officers may be directed to Financial Investors Trust c/o 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, CO 80203.

**This is the period for which the Trustee or Officer began serving the Trust. Each Trustee serves an indefinite term, until such Trustees successor is elected and appointed, or such Trustee resigns or is deceased. Officers are elected on an annual basis.

***Except as otherwise indicated, each individual has held the office shown or other offices in the same company for the last five years.

****The Fund Complex includes all series of the Trust (currently 31) and any other investment companies for which Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC provides investment advisory services (currently none).

 

Additional Information About the Trustees’ Qualifications and Experience

 

The following is a brief discussion of the specific education, experience, qualifications, or skills that led to the conclusion, as of the date of this SAI, that each person identified below should serve as a Trustee for the Trust.

 

Mary K. Anstine

 

Ms. Anstine has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since March 21, 1997 and Chairman since June 6, 2017. Currently retired, Ms. Anstine has over 30 years of financial services experience. Most recently, she was President and CEO of HealthONE Alliance, Denver, Colorado from 1994 through 2004. From 1964 to 1994, Ms. Anstine held positions leading up to Executive Vice President of First Interstate Bank. She was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on her business and financial services experience.

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Jeremy W. Deems

 

Mr. Deems has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since March 11, 2008. In 2007, Mr. Deems co-founded Green Alpha Advisors, LLC, a registered investment adviser, for which he currently serves as Chief Operations Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to co-founding Green Alpha Advisors, Mr. Deems was CFO of Forward Management, LLC, investment advisor to the Forward Funds and Sierra Club Mutual Funds, where he was also co-portfolio manager to the Sierra Club Stock Fund. In addition, he was the CFO of ReFlow Management Co., LLC. Prior to joining Forward and ReFlow, he served as Regional Marketing Assistant within the Investment Consulting Services Group at Morgan Stanley Dean Witter. Mr. Deems received a B.S. and a MBA in finance from Saint Mary’s College of California and is a licensed Certified Public Accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services, accounting and investment management experience.

 

Jerry G. Rutledge

 

Mr. Rutledge has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. Mr. Rutledge is the President and owner of Rutledge's Inc., an upscale men's clothing store, which he opened in 1967. Mr. Rutledge has over 40 years of business experience. He served on the CU Board of Regents from 1995 to 2007 and currently serves on the Board of American National Bank. Mr. Rutledge is a graduate of the University of Colorado. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business experience.

 

Michael “Ross” Shell

 

Mr. Shell has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. In 2008, Mr. Shell founded Red Idea, LLC, a strategic consulting/early stage venture firm, for which he currently serves as CEO. From 1999 to 2009, he was a part-owner and Director of Tesser, Inc., a brand agency, during which time he also served as Director, Marketing and Investor Relations, of Woodbourne, a REIT/real estate hedge fund and private equity firm. Prior to this, he worked as a business strategy consultant, he was on the Global Client Services team of IDEO, and he was President of Tesser, Inc. Mr. Shell graduated with honors from Stanford University with a degree in Political Science. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services and investment management experience.

 

Edmund J. Burke

 

Mr. Burke has been an Interested Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. Mr. Burke joined ALPS Fund Services, Inc., the Funds’ administrator, in 1991 and retired in 2019. He previously served as Director of ALPS Holdings, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc., ALPS Advisors, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc., the Funds’ principal underwriter, and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc.  Mr. Burke has over 20 years of financial services and investment management experience. Before joining ALPS, Mr. Burke was a Regional Vice President for the Pioneer Funds in Boston and has also worked with Fidelity. Mr. Burke has a B.A. in Economics from the University of New Hampshire. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services and investment management experience.

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Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities

 

Overall responsibility for oversight of each Fund rests with the Trustees. The Trust has engaged the Adviser to manage each Fund on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers in the operations of each Fund in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws, and the Trust’s charter. The Board is currently composed of five members, four of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board meets at regularly scheduled quarterly meetings each year. In addition, the Board may hold special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. As described below, the Board has established a Nominating and Governance Committee and an Audit Committee, and may establish ad hoc committees or working groups from time to time, to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities. The Independent Trustees have also engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.

 

The Board has appointed Mary K. Anstine, an Independent Trustee, to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with the Adviser, other service providers, counsel and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board reviews matters related to its leadership structure annually. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate given the Trust’s characteristics and circumstances. These characteristics include, but are not limited to, the Trust’s multiple series of fund shares, each fund’s single portfolio of assets, each fund’s net assets, the services provided by the funds’ service providers, the formal and informal functions of the various Independent Trustees both during and between Board meetings, the existence of the Trust for over 15 years, and the long board service of some of the Independent Trustees, which in some cases date back to the inception of the Trust.

 

Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of the Funds and is addressed as part of various Board and Committee activities. As part of its regular oversight of the Funds, the Board, directly or through a Committee, interacts with and reviews reports from, among others, Fund management, the Adviser, the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer, the Funds’ legal counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds regarding risks faced by the Funds. The Board, with the assistance of Fund management and the Adviser, reviews investment policies and risks in connection with its review of each Fund’s performance. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Funds’ compliance program and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Funds and their principal service providers. In addition, as part of the Board’s periodic review of each Fund’s advisory and other service provider agreements, the Board may consider risk management aspects of these service providers’ operations and the functions for which they are responsible.

 

None of the Independent Trustees own securities in the Adviser or the Distributor, nor do they own securities in any entity directly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Adviser or the Distributor.

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Audit Committee.  The Board has an Audit Committee which considers such matters pertaining to the Trust’s books of account, financial records, internal accounting controls and changes in accounting principles or practices as the Trustees may from time to time determine.  The Audit Committee also considers the engagement and compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm (“Firm”) and ensures receipt from the Firm of a formal written statement delineating relationships between the Firm and the Trust, consistent with Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Rule 3526.  The Audit Committee also meets privately with the representatives of the Firm to review the scope and results of audits and other duties as set forth in the Audit Committee’s Charter.  The Audit Committee members, each of whom are Independent Trustees are: Ms. Anstine and Messrs. Deems (Chairman), Rutledge and Shell.  The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019.

 

Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeThe Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee meets periodically to advise and assist the Board in selecting nominees to serve as trustees of the Trust. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes the Board generally benefits from diversity of background, experience and views among its members, and considers this a factor in evaluating the composition of the Board, but has not adopted any specific policy in this regard. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also advises and assists the Board in establishing, implementing and executing policies, procedures and practices that assure orderly and effective governance of the Trust and effective and efficient management of all business and financial affairs of the Trust.  Members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are currently: Ms. Anstine (Chairman) and Messrs. Deems, Rutledge and Shell.  The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board met once during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019.

 

Shareholder Nominations.  The Board will consider shareholder nominees for Trustees.  All nominees must possess the appropriate characteristics, skills and experience for serving on the Board.  In particular, the Board and its Independent Trustees will consider each nominee’s integrity, educational and professional background, understanding of the Trust’s business on a technical level and commitment to devote the time and attention necessary to fulfill a Trustee’s duties.  All shareholders who wish to recommend nominees for consideration as Trustees shall submit the names and qualifications of the candidates to the Secretary of the Trust by writing to: Financial Investors Trust, 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado, 80203.

 

As of December 31, 2018, the dollar range of equity securities in the Funds beneficially owned by the Interested Trustee were as follows:

 

Interested Trustee

Dollar Range of Equity

Securities in the Funds

Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities

in All Registered Investment Companies

Overseen by Trustee in Family of

Investment Companies

Edmund J. Burke None None

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As of December 31, 2018, the dollar range of equity securities in the Funds beneficially owned by Independent Trustees were as follows:

 

Independent Trustees

Dollar Range of Equity

Securities in the Funds

Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity

Securities in All Registered Investment

Companies Overseen by Trustee in

Family of Investment Companies

Mary K. Anstine None $10,001-$50,000
Jeremy W. Deems None None
Jerry G. Rutledge None $50,001-$100,000
Michael “Ross” Shell None None

 

Remuneration of Trustees: The Independent Trustees receive a quarterly retainer of $15,000, plus $6,000 for each regular or special in-person Board or Committee meeting attended, and $2,000 for each special telephonic Board or Committee meeting attended. The Chairman of the Board and the Chairman of the Audit Committee will also receive an additional quarterly retainer of $3,000. The Independent Trustees are also reimbursed for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, the Independent Trustees received the following compensation:

 

 

Aggregate

Compensation

From the Trust

Pension Or

Retirement Benefits

Accrued As Part of Fund

Expenses

Estimated

Annual Benefits

Upon Retirement

Aggregate

Compensation From

The Trust And Fund

Complex Paid To Trustees*

Mary K. Anstine $120,000 $0 $0 $120,000
Jeremy W. Deems $120,000 $0 $0 $120,000
Jerry G. Rutledge $106,000 $0 $0 $106,000
Michael “Ross” Shell $104,000 $0 $0 $104,000
*The Fund Complex includes all series of the Trust (currently 31) and any other investment companies for which any Trustee serves as trustee for and which Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC provides investment advisory services (currently none).

 

No officer, trustee or employee of the Adviser or any of its affiliates receives any compensation from the Funds for serving as an officer or trustee of the Funds.

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INVESTMENT ADVISER

 

Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC, subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees, is responsible for the overall management and administration of each Fund’s business affairs. The Adviser commenced business operations in 2011, and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment adviser. The Adviser’s principal address is 1100 Larkspur Landing Circle, Suite 375, Larkspur, CA, 94939.

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Funds, in the aggregate, pay the Adviser an annual management fee of 0.75% of the aggregate average daily net assets of the Funds up to $1.5 billion and 0.70% of the aggregate average daily net assets of the Funds over $1.5 billion. Each Fund shall pay to the Adviser a monthly fee at the annual rate using the applicable management fee calculated based on the Fund’s pro rata share of the Funds’ combined average daily net assets.

 

The Adviser has agreed to contractually waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit each Fund’s Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver / Expense Reimbursements (inclusive of acquired fund fees and expenses, and exclusive of brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) to, in the case of the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund, 1.15% and 1.05%, and in the case of the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund, 1.15% and 1.05%, of such Fund’s average daily net assets for the Investor and Institutional share classes respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has reimbursed through the Expense Agreement to the extent that a Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. The Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fees and expenses were deferred. This agreement may not be terminated or modified prior to August 31, 2020 except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

The current term of the Advisory Agreement is, separately with respect to each Fund, one year. The Board may extend the Advisory Agreement for additional one-year terms. The Board, shareholders of the Fund, or the Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ notice. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the renewal of the Funds’ Advisory Agreement is provided in the Funds’ Annual Report to shareholders for the period ended April 30, 2019.

 

The table below shows the management fees paid by the Fund to the Adviser for the periods indicated:

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2018 

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2017

  Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund Seafarer Overseas Value Fund Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund Seafarer Overseas Value Fund Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund Seafarer Overseas Value Fund*
Gross Advisory Fees $14,496,465 $201,653 $20,747,919 $127,648 $12,925,009 $37,097
Waiver of Advisory Fees $0 ($116,156) $0 ($125,495) $0 ($37,097)
Reimbursement of other Expenses $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ($92,486)
Net Advisory Fees $14,496,465 $85,497 $20,747,919 $2,153 $12,925,009 $0
*The Seafarer Overseas Value Fund commenced operations on May 31, 2016.

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Adviser’s Philosophy

 

Seafarer believes that disciplined active management, applied over a long-term horizon, can enhance investment performance and mitigate portfolio volatility.

 

Seafarer believes that structural inefficiencies exist within the financial markets of most developing countries. These inefficiencies can give rise to persistent mispricing of individual securities. Such inefficiencies may result from pronounced fluctuations in liquidity conditions, which can distort valuations; alternatively, they may arise from information asymmetries, where market participants misjudge the quality and growth prospects of a given business.

 

Seafarer further believes that most benchmark indices used to measure the performance of developing markets may incorporate certain shortcomings or biases. These biases mean that popular benchmarks may not fully represent the underlying economic and financial activity that they are supposed to track. 

 

Seafarer thinks the presence of these two anomalies – mispriced individual securities, and benchmarks that incorporate biases – may provide an opportunity to enhance long-term investment performance for the benefit of shareholders.

 

Seafarer believes that fundamental research on individual companies is the best means by which to capitalize on persistent inefficiencies in financial markets. Seafarer constructs portfolios from the “bottom up,” meaning that it selects individual securities based on their specific merits.

 

Seafarer believes its process is best suited to a long-term investment horizon. Seafarer avoids chasing short-term investment themes or trying to time markets.

 

Seafarer’s objective is to provide long-term investment portfolios that participate in the opportunities afforded by growth and progress in the developing world. Seafarer’s goal is to build lasting wealth for its clients over time.

 

Team Organization

 

Seafarer’s aim is to organize its investment team to promote accountability, responsibility, and collaboration. Seafarer places individuals, rather than large teams or committees, in charge of portfolios. Seafarer seeks to give them the authority and discretion to execute their duties accordingly. Seafarer places the responsibility for risk management with individual portfolio managers, and believes that the manager must bear direct responsibility for his or her decisions, and cannot effectively delegate risk management to an oversight group or committee.

 

Seafarer believes that such a structure promotes accountability and responsibility to clients: the intent is for decisions to be made on a timely basis rather than be lost in committee. Seafarer generally locates all parties involved in the research process in a single location, so as to maximize collaboration, communication, and the flow of information. Seafarer’s research process seeks to challenge commonly held assumptions, and to overturn pre-conceived biases.

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DISTRIBUTOR

 

Shares of each Fund are offered on a continuous basis through ALPS Distributors, Inc. (an affiliate of ALPS) (“ADI” or the “Distributor”), located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, as distributor pursuant to a distribution agreement between the Distributor and the Fund. The Distributor is not obligated to sell any specific amount of Fund shares.

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

The Fund’s Board of Trustees, the Adviser and the Distributor each have adopted a code of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.

 

ADMINISTRATOR

 

Each Fund currently employs ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (an affiliate of ADI) (“ALPS” or the “Administrator”), located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, under an administration agreement to provide certain administrative services to the Funds. Information on the services provided by the Administrator is available in the Prospectus, which is incorporated by reference in this SAI.

 

The table below shows the administrative fees earned by ALPS for the periods indicated:

 

 

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2017

Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund $630,009 $728,990 $766,803
Seafarer Overseas Value Fund* $54,135 $44,199 $30,362
*The Seafarer Overseas Value Fund commenced operations on May 31, 2016.

 

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

Although individual Board members may not agree with particular policies or votes by the Adviser, the Board has approved delegating proxy voting discretion to the Adviser believing the Adviser should be responsible for voting because it is a matter relating to the investment decision-making process.

 

Attached as Appendix B are summaries of the guidelines and procedures that the Adviser uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities, including the procedures that the Adviser uses when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Adviser or any affiliated person of the Funds or the Adviser, on the other. This summary of the guidelines gives a general indication as to how the Adviser will vote proxies relating to portfolio securities on each issue listed. However, the guidelines do not address all potential voting issues or the intricacies that may surround individual proxy votes. For that reason, there may be instances in which votes may vary from the guidelines presented. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser always endeavors to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives. When applicable, information on how a Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent prior 12-month period ended June 30, will be available without charge, (i) upon request, by calling 1-855-732-9220 and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

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Control Persons, Principal Shareholders and Management Ownership

 

To the best knowledge of the Trust, the names and addresses of the record and beneficial holders of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of each Fund and the percentage of the outstanding shares held by such holders are set forth below. To the best knowledge of the Trust, entities shown as owning more than 25% of the outstanding Shares of a Fund are not the beneficial owners of such Shares, unless otherwise indicated.

 

A shareholder who owns beneficially 25% or more of the outstanding securities of a Fund is presumed to “control” the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act. Such control may affect the voting rights of other shareholders. The following table provides the name and address of any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of each class of the Funds as of August 1, 2019:

 

Fund Shareholder Name and Address Percentage of Interest Type of Ownership
Seafarer Overseas Growth & Income - Institutional Class

Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.

San Francisco, CA

48.12% Record
Seafarer Overseas Growth & Income - Institutional Class PNC Bank, N.A.
Pittsburgh, PA
21.78%  Record
Seafarer Overseas Growth & Income - Institutional Class National Financial Services, LLC
Boston, MA
11.48% Record
Seafarer Overseas Growth & Income - Institutional Class Vanguard Marketing Corp.
Malvern, PA
10.86% Record
Seafarer Overseas Growth & Income - Investor Class Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
San Francisco, CA
61.82% Record
Seafarer Overseas Growth & Income - Investor Class National Financial Services, LLC
Boston, MA
27.05% Record
Seafarer Overseas Value - Institutional Class Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
San Francisco, CA
41.41%  Record
Seafarer Overseas Value - Institutional Class National Financial Services, LLC
Boston, MA
18.49%  Record
Seafarer Overseas Value - Institutional Class Vanguard Marketing Corp
Malvern, PA
10.86%  Record
Seafarer Overseas Value - Institutional Class A.M.F. Revocable Living Trust
Larkspur, CA
10.60% Beneficial
Seafarer Overseas Value - Investor Class Seafarer Capital Partners LLC
Larkspur, CA  
39.47% Beneficial
Seafarer Overseas Value - Investor Class Colorado State Bank & Trust Co.
PT   IRA
Jeffersonville, IN
9.84% Record
Seafarer Overseas Value - Investor Class J. B. H.
San Diego, CA
9.72% Beneficial
Seafarer Overseas Value - Investor Class

R.R. Trust

Rosco, IL

5.28% Beneficial

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The Trustees and Officers of the Trust as a group owned less than 1% of any Fund's shares.

 

EXPENSES

 

The Funds’ expenses include taxes, interest, fees and salaries of the Trust’s Fund Trustees and officers who are not trustees, officers or employees of the Funds’ service contractors, SEC fees, state securities qualification fees, costs of preparing and printing prospectuses for regulatory purposes and for distribution to existing shareholders, advisory and administration fees, charges of the custodian and of the transfer and dividend disbursing agent, certain insurance premiums, outside auditing and legal expenses, costs of shareholder reports and shareholder meetings, other miscellaneous expenses and any extraordinary expenses. The Funds also pays for brokerage fees and commissions (if any) in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

The following sections set forth certain additional information with respect to the portfolio managers for the Funds. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of April 30, 2019.

 

Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Managers

 

The table below identifies as of April 30, 2019, for the portfolio managers of each Fund, the number of accounts (other than the Funds with respect to which information is provided) for which they have day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts.

 

Portfolio Managers Registered Investment
Companies
Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles
Other Accounts
Number Total Assets (in millions) Number Total Assets (in millions) Number Total Assets (in millions)
Andrew Foster 0 $0 1 $41 0 $0
Paul Espinosa 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0
Inbok Song 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0
Kate Jaquet 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

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Portfolio Manager Compensation

 

Compensation. The Adviser seeks to maintain a compensation program that is competitively positioned to attract and retain high-caliber investment professionals. Portfolio managers receive a fixed base salary, an incentive bonus opportunity, an equity compensation opportunity, and a benefits package. Portfolio manager compensation is reviewed and may be modified each year as appropriate to reflect changes in the market, as well as to adjust the factors used to determine bonuses to promote good sustained fund performance.

 

The Adviser may evaluate competitive market compensation by reviewing investment industry compensation survey results conducted by an independent third party.

 

The portfolio manager's compensation consists of the following three elements:

 

Base salary. The portfolio manager is paid a fixed base salary. In setting the base salary, the Adviser’s intention is to be competitive in light of the particular portfolio manager’s experience and responsibilities.

 

Discretionary cash bonus. Dependent on the Adviser’s profitability and financial resources, the portfolio manager is eligible to receive a discretionary, cash bonus.  That bonus is determined based on quantitative and qualitative assessment of the manager's performance. Where sufficient performance history exists for the manager, a portion of his or her bonus is quantitatively determined, based typically upon an amalgamation of historical rolling averages of the pre-tax performance of all registered investment companies under the manager’s advice and direction.  Such performance is judged relative to applicable benchmark indices, the performance of a pre-determined peer group, and for periods in excess of five years, in absolute (i.e., against compounded rates of return for short-term treasury bonds). The longer a manager’s record, the greater portion of his or her bonus that is determined quantitatively. The residual component of the bonus is determined on qualitative grounds, where the Adviser may take into account various subjective (possibly mitigating) factors.  Strong qualitative and quantitative performance (against the applicable benchmark, peer group and in absolute) could deliver compensation that may be substantial in comparison to the manager’s base salary. Poor qualitative and quantitative performance (against the applicable benchmark, peer group and in absolute) could result in no bonus whatsoever. The amount of fund assets under management may have an indirect impact on the potential size of the bonus, particularly as such assets will likely augment the Adviser’s revenues, thus improving its financial resources and its capacity to pay cash bonuses.

 

Equity incentives. The Adviser has established an equity incentive program that allows key personnel to build ownership in the Adviser’s capital structure. The Adviser believes that such incentives are useful in that they help retain key personnel, they better align managers’ interests with those of clients, and they provide personnel with the proper motivation to balance short-term and long-term management objectives.

 

Conflicts of Interest with Other Accounts. Potential conflicts of interest may arise when a Fund’s portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to one or more other funds or accounts.

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The Adviser and each Fund have adopted compliance policies and procedures that are designed to address various conflicts of interest that may arise for the Adviser and the individuals that it employs. For example, the Adviser seeks to minimize the effects of competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by assigning portfolio managers to manage funds and accounts that share a similar investment style. The Adviser has also adopted trade allocation procedures that are designed to facilitate the fair allocation of limited investment opportunities between the Fund and other client accounts. There is no guarantee, however, that the policies and procedures adopted by the Adviser will detect and/or prevent every situation in which an actual or potential conflict may appear.

 

These potential conflicts include:

 

Allocation of Limited Time and Attention. A portfolio manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds and/or accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those funds and/or accounts. As a result, the portfolio manager may not be able to formulate as complete a strategy or identify equally attractive investment opportunities for each of those accounts as might be the case if he or she were to devote substantially more attention to the management of a single fund. The effects of this potential conflict may be more pronounced where funds and/or accounts overseen by a particular portfolio manager have different investment strategies.

 

Allocation of Limited Investment Opportunities. If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for the Fund and/or other accounts, the opportunity may be allocated among the Fund or these other accounts, which may limit the Fund’s ability to take full advantage of the investment opportunity.

 

Pursuit of Differing Strategies. At times, a portfolio manager may determine that an investment opportunity may be appropriate for only some of the funds and/or accounts for which he or she exercises investment responsibility, or may decide that certain of the funds and/or accounts should take differing positions with respect to a particular security. Also, the manager may face differing liquidity conditions for different accounts, which may give rise to the need for differing strategies for each. In these cases, the portfolio manager may place separate transactions for one or more funds or accounts which may affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment or benefit of one or more other funds and/or accounts.

 

Selection of Brokers/Dealers. Portfolio managers may be able to select or influence the selection of the brokers and dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the funds and/or accounts that they supervise. In addition to executing trades, some brokers and dealers provide portfolio managers with brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act), which may result in the payment of higher brokerage fees than might have otherwise been available. These services may be more beneficial to certain funds or accounts than to others. Although the payment of brokerage commissions is subject to the requirement that the portfolio manager determine in good faith that the commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided to the fund, a portfolio manager’s decision as to the selection of brokers and dealers could yield disproportionate costs and benefits among the funds and/or accounts that he or she manages.

 

Variation in Compensation. A conflict of interest may arise where the financial or other benefits available to the portfolio manager differ among the funds and/or accounts that he or she manages. If the structure of the investment adviser’s management fee and/or the portfolio manager’s compensation differs among funds and/or accounts (such as where certain funds or accounts pay higher management fees or performance-based management fees), the portfolio manager might be motivated to help certain funds and/or accounts over others. The portfolio manager might be motivated to favor funds and/or accounts in which he or she has an interest or in which the investment adviser and/or its affiliates have interests. Similarly, the desire to maintain or raise assets under management or to enhance the portfolio manager’s performance record or to derive other rewards, financial or otherwise, could influence the portfolio manager to lend preferential treatment to those funds and/or accounts that could most significantly benefit the portfolio manager.

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Related Business Opportunities. The Adviser may provide more services (such as administration or recordkeeping) for some types of accounts than for others. In such cases, a portfolio manager may benefit, either directly or indirectly, by devoting disproportionate attention to the management of funds and/or accounts that provide greater overall returns to the Adviser.

 

Ownership of Securities

 

The table below identifies ownership of Fund securities by each Portfolio Manager as of April 30, 2019.

 

Portfolio Manager

Dollar Range of Ownership

of Securities –  Seafarer Overseas

Growth and Income Fund

Dollar Range of Ownership

of Securities –  Seafarer Overseas

Value Fund

Andrew Foster Over $1,000,000 Over $1,000,000
Paul Espinosa None $100,001–$500,000
Inbok Song None None
Kate Jaquet $100,001–$500,000 $1–$10,000

 

NET ASSET VALUE

 

The following is a description of the procedures used by the Funds in valuing their assets. Because of the differences in service and distribution fees and class-specific expenses, the per share net asset value of each class may differ. For the purpose of pricing purchase and redemption orders, the net asset value per share of each class of each Fund is calculated separately and is determined once daily as of the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE (normally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). The Funds’ net asset value is calculated on each day that the NYSE is open for trading, i.e., Monday through Friday, except for New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day, and the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when one of those holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively.

 

In calculating net asset value, equity securities listed or traded on national securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price or, if there have been no sales on that day, at the mean of the current bid and ask price which represents the current value of the security. Over-the-counter securities are valued at the mean of the current bid and ask price.

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Portfolio securities listed on the NASDAQ National Market System for which market quotations are available are valued at the official closing price. If there is no official closing price, the securities are valued at the last sale price or, if there have been no sales that day, at the mean of the current bid and ask price which represents the current value of the security.

 

Securities that are primarily traded on foreign exchanges generally are valued at the preceding closing values of such securities on their respective exchanges, except that when an occurrence subsequent to the time a value was so established is likely to have changed such value, then the fair value of those securities will be determined by consideration of other factors by or under the direction of the Fund’s Board or its delegates. In valuing assets, prices denominated in foreign currencies are converted to U.S. dollar equivalents at the current exchange rate. Securities may be valued by independent pricing services which use prices provided by market-makers or estimates of market values obtained from yield data relating to instruments or securities with similar characteristics. Short-term obligations with maturities of 60 calendar days or less are valued at amortized cost, which constitutes fair value as determined by the Board. Amortized cost involves valuing an instrument at its original cost to the Fund and thereafter assuming a constant amortization to maturity of any discount or premium, regardless of the impact of fluctuating interest rates on the market value of the instrument. All other securities and other assets of the Fund will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board.

 

FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

 

This section provides additional information concerning U.S. federal income taxes. It is based on the Code, applicable Treasury Regulations, judicial authority, and administrative rulings and practice, all as of the date of this SAI, and all of which are subject to change, including changes with retroactive effect. The following does not address any state, local or foreign or estate or gift tax matters.

 

A shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax consequences from acquiring, holding and disposing of shares in a Fund may vary depending upon his or her particular situation. This discussion only applies to shareholders who are U.S. persons, except where otherwise stated. For purposes of this discussion, U.S. persons are: (i) U.S. citizens or residents, (ii) U.S. corporations, (iii) an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or certain electing trusts that were in existence on August 20, 1996, and were treated as domestic trusts on August 19, 1996. This discussion does not address issues of significance to U.S. persons in special situations such as: (i) certain types of tax-exempt organizations, (ii) shareholders holding shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plan accounts or individual retirement accounts), (iii) shareholders holding investments through foreign institutions (financial and non-financial), (iv) financial institutions, (v) broker-dealers, (vi) entities not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, (vii) shareholders holding shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction, and (viii) shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax.

 

If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships that are considering the purchase of shares should consult their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares.

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Neither Fund has requested and will not request an advance ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) as to the U.S. federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. In addition, the foregoing discussion only addresses some of the U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting investments in the Fund. Prospective shareholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisers as to the particular U.S. federal tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund, as well as the applicability and effect of any state, local or foreign laws, and the effect of possible changes in applicable tax laws.

 

General Policies

 

In general, the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund’s policy is to distribute to its shareholders substantially all of its net investment income, paid out via two semi-annual dividends, in June and December. The Seafarer Overseas Value Fund’s policy is to distribute to its shareholders substantially all of its net investment income via one annual dividend in December. It is also each Fund’s policy to distribute annually all of its net realized short-term and long-term capital gains, if any, after offsetting any capital loss carryovers. A Fund may make additional distributions and dividends at other times if the Adviser believes doing so may be necessary for the Fund to avoid or reduce taxes. Ordinary income dividends and capital gain dividends are payable in full and fractional shares of the relevant class of a Fund based upon the net asset value determined as of the close of the exchange on the record date for each dividend or distribution. Shareholders, however, may elect to receive their ordinary income dividends or capital gain dividends, or both, in cash. The election may be made at any time by submitting a written request directly to the relevant Fund. In order for a change to be in effect for any dividend or distribution, it must be received by the Fund five days before the payment date for such dividend or distribution.

 

Distribution checks will only be issued for payments greater than $25.00. Distribution payments less than $25.00 will automatically be reinvested in shares of the Fund(s) generating the distribution. Un-cashed distribution checks will be canceled, and proceeds reinvested at the then current net asset value, for any shareholder who chooses to receive distributions in cash, if distribution checks: (1) are returned and marked as “undeliverable” or (2) remain un-cashed for six months after the date of issuance. If distribution checks are canceled and reinvested, your account election may also be changed so that all future distributions are reinvested rather than paid in cash. Interest will not accrue on uncashed distribution checks.

 

Detailed U.S. federal tax information will be furnished to each shareholder for each calendar year as required by federal tax law.

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Taxation of the Funds

 

The Funds intend to elect to be treated and qualify each year as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Code. Each Fund also intends to be treated as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes. Thus, the provisions of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies generally will apply separately to each Fund even though it is a series of the Trust. Furthermore, each Fund will separately determine its income, gain, losses and expenses for federal income tax purposes.

 

In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, a Fund must, among other things: (i) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships;” (ii) diversify its holdings so that at the end of each fiscal quarter, (a) at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities limited generally, with respect to any one issuer, to no more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets are invested in (1) the securities (other than those of the U.S. government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, (2) the securities (other than the securities of other regulated investment companies) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or (3) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships; and (iii) distribute with respect to each taxable year an amount equal to or exceeding the sum of (a) 90% of its “investment company taxable income,” as that term is defined in the Code (which generally includes, among other things, dividends, taxable interest, and the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, as reduced by certain deductible expenses) without regard to the deduction for dividends paid, and (b) 90% of its tax-exempt interest income, net of expenses allocable thereto. For purposes of meeting the diversification requirement described in (ii) above, in the case of a Fund’s investment in loan participations, the issuer may be the financial intermediary or the borrower. The requirements for qualification as a RIC may significantly limit the extent to which each Fund may invest in some investments.

 

With respect to (i) above, the IRS may limit qualifying income from foreign currency gains and from certain derivatives to the amount of such income that is directly related to a RIC’s principal business of investing in stock or securities pursuant to regulations that may be promulgated in the future. For purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in (i) above, income derived from a partnership will generally be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized by the RIC. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (defined as a partnership (x) interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in (i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive activity loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. Finally, for purposes of (ii)(a) above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership.

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To the extent that it qualifies for treatment as a RIC, a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income distributed to its shareholders in a timely manner in the form of dividends (including capital gain dividends, defined below). In certain situations, the Fund can cure failures to meet the income and diversification tests described above, including, in some cases, by paying a Fund-level tax and, in the case of diversification failures, disposing of certain assets. If the Fund were to fail to qualify as a RIC accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year – for example, because it was not sufficiently diversified under the applicable Code tests – the Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. To qualify again to be taxed as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment in a subsequent year, the Fund could be required to pay substantial taxes, penalties and interest and make substantial distributions. In addition, if the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be required to recognize and pay tax on any net built-in gain (the excess of aggregate gain, including items of income, over aggregate loss that would have been realized if the Fund had been liquidated) or, alternatively, to be subject to taxation on such built-in gain recognized for a period of five years, in order to qualify as a RIC in a subsequent year.

 

As a RIC, a Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its net capital gains (that, is any net long-term capital gains in excess of the net short-term capital losses) properly reported by the Fund in a written statement to shareholders as capital gain dividends (“capital gain dividends”) and its investment company taxable income if any, that the Fund distributes to shareholders on a timely basis. Each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its investment company taxable income and all of its net capital gains in a taxable year, after offsetting any capital loss carryforwards. If a Fund does retain any investment company taxable income, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. However, the Fund may elect to have certain dividends paid after the close of a tax year treated as having been paid during the tax year for purposes of the RIC distribution requirements and for purposes of determining its taxable income (“spill-over dividends”). Spill-over dividends are taxed to shareholders in the year in which they are received.

 

Under current law, a Fund is permitted to treat on its tax return as dividends paid the portion of redemption proceeds paid to redeeming shareholders that represents the redeeming shareholders’ portion of the Fund’s accumulated earnings and profits. This practice, called tax “equalization,” would reduce the amount of income and/or gains that a Fund is required to distribute as dividends to non-redeeming shareholders.  This practice is not available for a Fund that is treated as a “personal holding company” for federal income tax purposes. The total return on a shareholder’s investment would generally not be reduced as a result of a Fund’s use of this practice. If the IRS were to determine that a Fund’s equalization method is improper and that the Fund has under-distributed its income and gain for any taxable year, the Fund may be liable for federal income and/or excise tax.

 

If a Fund retains any net capital gain, it will also be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and (iii) will be entitled to obtain a refund of the excess, if any, of their allocable share of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount over the shareholder’s tax liability on such amount. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence.

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Generally, the excess (if any) of a Fund’s net short-term capital loss over the net long-term capital gain for a taxable year will carry over as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the next tax year. In addition, the excess (if any) of a Fund’s net long-term capital loss over the net short-term capital gain for the year will carry over as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the next tax year. Unused capital losses realized by the Fund during taxable years may be carried forward indefinitely until they can be used to offset capital gains. If future capital gains are offset by carried-forward capital losses, such future capital gains are not subject to Fund-level federal income tax, regardless of whether they are distributed to shareholders. However, future capital gains offset by carried-forward capital losses are generally subject to taxation as ordinary dividends to shareholders if distributed. Accordingly, the Fund does not expect to distribute any capital gains offset by carried-forward capital losses. The Fund cannot carry back or carry forward any net operating losses.

 

Capital loss carryovers used during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019 were as follows:

 

Fund Amount
Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund ($29,379,221)
Seafarer Overseas Value Fund ($42,343)

 

A RIC may elect to treat any post-October capital loss (defined as the company’s net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss, as applicable, in each case attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31) and late-year ordinary loss (generally, (i) net ordinary losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31, plus (ii) other net ordinary losses attributable to the portion of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.

 

If a Fund fails to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its net capital gain income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year, plus any retained amount for the prior year, the Fund will be subject to a non-deductible excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property that would be properly taken into account after October 31 are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. For purposes of the excise tax, the Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending within the calendar year. A dividend paid to shareholders in January of a year generally is deemed to have been paid on December 31 of the preceding year, if the dividend is declared and payable to the shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year.

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The Funds intend to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the excise tax, although there can be no assurance that they will be able to do so. Moreover, each Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant (for example, the amount of excise tax to be paid is deemed de minimis by the Fund).

 

Taxation of Fund Distributions

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment company taxable income are generally taxable as ordinary income to the extent of a Fund’s current or accumulated “earnings and profits.” Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares. Distributions of net capital gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for more than one year and from other long-term capital gains recognized by the Fund and that are properly designated by the Fund as capital gain dividends (i.e., “capital gain dividends”) will be taxable to Fund shareholders as long-term capital gains. Generally, distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income.

 

Each Fund may designate certain dividends as derived from “qualified dividend income,” which, when received by an individual or other non-corporate shareholder, will be taxed at the same maximum federal tax rate applicable to long-term capital gains, which (for this purpose) is 20%, in addition to the 3.8% surcharge on net investment income, described under “Surtax on Net Investment Income” below. Dividend income distributed to individual or other non-corporate shareholders will qualify as “qualified dividend income” as that term is defined in section 1(h)(11)(B) of the Code to the extent such distributions are attributable to income from the Fund’s investments in common and preferred stock of U.S. companies and stock of certain qualified foreign corporations provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met by both the Fund and the shareholders. The Funds do not expect a significant portion of distributions to be derived from qualified dividend income.

 

Distributions of earnings and gains are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund before a shareholder invested in the Fund (and thus were included in the price the shareholder paid), and are taxable whether shareholders receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares (other than distributions, if any, designated by the Fund as “exempt-interest dividends,” a designation which the Fund generally does not expect to make). Any gain resulting from the sale or exchange of Fund shares generally will be taxable as capital gains. Distributions declared and payable by a Fund during October, November or December to shareholders of record on a date in any such month and paid by the Fund during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as paid by the Fund and received by shareholders on December 31st of the year in which declared rather than the calendar year in which they were received.

 

Dividends received by corporate shareholders that are reported by a Fund in a written statement furnished to shareholders may qualify for the 50% dividends received deduction to the extent of the amount of qualifying dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations and to the extent (if any) that a portion of interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund are treated as dividends subject (in either case) to certain holding period requirements and debt-financing limitations.

 

If a Fund makes a distribution in excess of its current and accumulated “earnings and profits” in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder’s basis in his or her shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of such shares.

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Sale or Redemption of Shares

 

The sale or redemption of Fund shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to the shares.

 

All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed if other substantially identical shares of a Fund are purchased within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitation.

 

Special Tax Considerations

 

The following discussion relates to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of the investment policies of the Fund.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Companies

 

The Funds do not expect to have significant investments in foreign investment entities referred to as “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”). In order to avoid U.S. federal income tax and an additional interest charge on any “excess distribution” from PFICs or gain from the disposition of PFIC shares, a Fund may elect to “mark-to-market” annually its investments in such entities, which would result in the Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased all the PFIC stock at the end of each year. As a result of the mark-to-market election, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. By making the mark-to-market election, a Fund could potentially mitigate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. A Fund may have to distribute this “phantom” income and gain to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the excise tax described above.

 

Alternatively, a Fund may elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (a “QEF election”), in which case the Fund would be required to include its share of the company’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives distributions from the PFIC. As with the mark-to-market election, these amounts would be taken into account by the Fund for purposes of satisfying the distribution requirement and the excise tax distribution requirement. Under Treasury Regulations issued in 2019, earnings included in income under a QEF election would be qualifying dividend income for a RIC if such earnings are distributed in the taxable year in which they are earned. The Treasury Regulations also provide, however, that if an amount is included in gross income of a regulated investment company pursuant to a QEF election and is derived with respect to the regulated investment company’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, then such amount will be qualifying income for the regulated investment company, whether or not currently distributed. In order to make a QEF election, a Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain. Dividends paid by PFICs or foreign corporations that were PFICs in the year preceding the payment of the dividend will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.

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Controlled Foreign Corporations

 

The Funds also do not expect to have significant investments in entities referred to as “controlled foreign corporations” (“CFCs”). A CFC is a foreign corporation in which more than 50% of the stock, by vote or value, is owned by U.S. persons each of whom own 10% or more of the stock of a foreign corporation by vote or by value (“U.S. shareholders”). If a Fund is a U.S. shareholder with respect to a CFC, the Fund will generally be required to annually include in income its allocable share of the CFC’s (i) “subpart F income” and (ii) global intangible low-tax income (“GILTI”), both as defined by the Code, regardless of whether or not the CFC distributes such amounts to the Fund. Under Treasury Regulations, amounts included in gross income by a Fund as subpart F income of a CFC would be qualifying income for the Fund under Code Section 851(b) if either (i) such amounts are distributed to the Fund in the taxable year in which they are earned by the CFC, or (ii) such income is derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies. The Code provisions that impose the GILTI rules, which were introduced in the 2017 Tax Act, indicate that GILTI inclusions will be treated in the same manner for purposes of Code Section 851(b) as subpart F inclusions, except as may be provided in future Treasury Regulations.

 

Non-U.S. Taxes

 

A Fund that invests in non-U.S. securities may be liable to non-U.S. governments for taxes relating primarily to investment income or capital gains on non-U.S. securities in the Fund’s portfolio. If at the close of its taxable year more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s total assets consist of securities of foreign corporations (including foreign governments), the Fund may make an election under the Code that would allow Fund shareholders who are U.S. persons or U.S. corporations to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their U.S. income tax return for their pro rata portion of qualified taxes paid by that Fund to non-U.S. countries in respect of non-U.S. securities held at least a minimum period as specified in the Code. If a Fund were eligible for and were to make the election, the amount of each shareholder’s taxable income reported on the information returns filed by such Fund with the IRS must be increased by the amount of the shareholder’s portion of the Fund’s foreign tax paid. A shareholder’s ability to claim all or a part of a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by the Fund would also be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code.

 

If a Fund were to qualify as a “qualified fund of funds,” the Fund could be entitled to elect to pass-through its foreign tax credits without regard to the above-described 50% requirement. For this purpose, the term “qualified funds of funds” means a RIC if (at the close of each quarter of the taxable year) at least 50% of the value of its total assets is represented by interests in other regulated investment companies.

 

The Funds make no assurances as to either the availability of any election discussed in this section or their willingness to make any such election.

94

 

Non-U.S. Currency Transactions

 

Transactions in non-U.S. currencies, non-U.S. currency denominated debt obligations and certain non-U.S. currency options, future contracts, and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the non-U.S. currency concerned and may increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxes payable by shareholders of a Fund. Certain of such Fund’s transactions, if any, in foreign currencies and foreign currency denominated instruments are likely to result in a difference between the Fund’s book income and taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of such Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital or capital gain for tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to avoid excise tax liability and to qualify as a RIC, which may have the effect of accelerating taxable distributions to shareholders of the Fund.

 

Financial Products

 

Each Fund’s investments in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts, swaps and certain other transactions may be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale, short sale and other rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income recognized by the Fund, defer Fund losses, cause adjustments in the holding periods of Fund securities, convert capital gain into ordinary income and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character distributions to Fund shareholders. 

 

Some of the Funds’ investments, such as certain option transactions and futures transactions in foreign currency contracts that are traded in the interbank market, may be “section 1256 contracts.” Gains and losses on section 1256 contracts are generally treated as 60% long-term capital and 40% short-term capital, although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as entirely ordinary in character. Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of a taxable year are “marked to market” for income tax purposes, meaning that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized (and treated on the 60/40 basis described above).

 

Certain positions undertaken by the Funds may constitute “straddles” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character of gains or losses realized by a Fund. Losses realized by a Fund that are part of a straddle may be deferred beyond the point in time that they are realized. The straddle rules, if applicable, could increase the amount of short-term capital gain realized by the Fund which is taxed as ordinary income when distributed to shareholders. Certain income tax elections that the Fund may make with respect to straddles could affect the character and timing of recognition of gains and losses.

 

Rules governing the tax aspects of notional principal contracts in which the Funds may invest are not clear in various respects. As a result, the IRS could challenge the Funds’ methods of accounting for such contracts for tax purposes, and such a challenge could affect the status of a Fund as a RIC.

 

The Funds may make short sales of securities. Short sales may increase the amount of short-term capital gains realized by a Fund, which is taxed as ordinary income to the shareholders when distributed. Short sales may also constitute “constructive sales,” which would result in taxable income before the short-sale positions are terminated.

 

Certain of the Funds’ hedging activities, including transactions in options, futures contracts and foreign currencies, are likely to result in a difference between a Fund’s book income and taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of such Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital or capital gain for U.S. Federal income tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to avoid excise tax liability and to qualify as a RIC, which may have the effect of accelerating taxable distributions to shareholders.

95

 

Securities Issued or Purchased at a Discount

 

A Fund’s investment in securities issued at a discount and certain other obligations will (and investments in securities purchased at a discount may) require that Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. In addition, payment-in-kind securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed even though such Fund does not receive an interest payment in cash on the security during the year. In order to generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, an affected Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise would have continued to hold. An affected Fund may realize gains or losses from such sales. In the event such Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they would in the absence of such transactions.

 

Some debt obligations that are acquired by the Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. “Market discount” is generally the excess of the stated redemption price of the bond at maturity over the basis of the bond immediately after its acquisition by the taxpayer. Generally, any gain recognized on the receipt of principal payments or on the disposition of a debt security having market discount has been treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on such debt security. Each Fund may make certain elections applicable to debt obligations having market discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

The Fund may acquire debt obligations that have original issue discount. “Original issue discount” is the excess of a debt obligation’s stated redemption price at maturity over the obligation’s issue price. Under the tax law in effect prior to the 2017 Tax Act, a taxpayer that acquires an obligation with original issue discount generally is required to include the original issue discount in income on a constant yield-to-maturity basis without regard to when, or whether, payments are made on the obligation.

 

For financial accounting purposes, depending upon the type of instrument involved and its credit quality, both original issue discount and market discount may be recognized over the expected or contractual life of the instrument. The 2017 Tax Act requires accrual-method taxpayers to recognize items of gross income for tax purposes no later than the year in which the taxpayer recognizes the income for financial accounting purposes. The IRS has said that it will not apply this provision to require the recognition of accrued market discount. However, it is possible that regulations issued under the 2017 Tax Act will require the acceleration of recognition by a Fund of original issue discount for federal income tax purposes for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018.

 

Backup Withholding

 

Each Fund generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any non-corporate shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number (“TIN”), who has under-reported dividend or interest income, and to any shareholder that fails to certify to the Fund that it is not subject to such withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is currently 24% for tax years beginning before January 1, 2026.

96

 

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a shareholder generally may be refunded or credited against the shareholder’s federal income tax liability, if any, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS. If a shareholder fails to furnish a valid TIN upon request, the shareholder can be subject to IRS penalties.

 

Cost Basis Reporting

 

A fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to fund shareholders the cost basis information for fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012 (“covered shares”), and redeemed, exchanged or otherwise sold on or after that date. In addition, a fund must indicate whether these shares had a short-term or long-term holding period. In the absence of an election by a shareholder of a cost basis method that has been accepted by the IRS, the Fund will use its default cost basis method. The cost basis method elected or applied may not be changed after the settlement date of a sale of Fund shares. Once a Fund shareholder has elected a cost basis reporting method, the election will apply to all future transactions in covered shares unless the shareholder revokes or changes the standing election. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers concerning the most desirable IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the new cost basis reporting law applies to them. Each Fund is required to report the gross proceeds from the sale of all Fund shares (whether or not they are sold “covered shares”).

 

Surtax on Net Investment Income

 

A surtax of 3.8% applies to net investment income of an individual taxpayer and on the undistributed net investment income of certain estates and trusts, to the extent that such taxpayer’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a certain amount. Net investment income includes interest, dividends, royalties, rents, gross income from a trade or business involving passive activities, and net gain from disposition of property (other than certain property held in a non-passive trade or business).  Ordinary income and capital gain distributions received by a Fund shareholder from a Fund, as well as the shareholder’s net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares, will be included in the shareholder’s net investment income.  Net investment income is reduced by deductions properly allocable to such income.

 

Foreign Accounts

 

Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (or “FATCA”), foreign financial institutions as defined by FATCA (“FFIs”) or non-financial foreign entities as defined by FATCA (“NFFEs”) that are shareholders of a Fund may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on: (1) income dividends paid by the Fund, and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of a sale of Fund shares. The FATCA withholding tax generally may be avoided: (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by U.S. persons with the FFI, and (b) by an NFFE, if it: (i) certifies that is has no substantial U.S. persons as owners or (ii) if it does have such owners, reports information relating to them to the withholding agent (which may be the Fund). The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements (each, an “IGA”) with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with other foreign countries with respect to one or more alternative approaches to implement FATCA. An entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of an IGA and applicable local law instead of U.S. Treasury regulations.

97

 

An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding by becoming a “participating FFI,” which requires the FFI to enter into a tax compliance agreement with the IRS under section 1471(b) of the Code under which it agrees to verify, report and disclose certain of its U.S. accountholders and provided that such entity meets certain other specified requirements. The FFI will report to the IRS, or, depending on the FFI’s country of residence, to the government of that country (pursuant to the terms and conditions of an applicable IGA and applicable law), which will, in turn, report to the IRS. An FFI that is resident in a country that has entered into an IGA with the U.S. to implement FATCA will be exempt from FATCA withholding provided that the FFI shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

 

An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from a Fund can avoid FATCA withholding generally by certifying that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or by providing the name, address and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner. The NFFE will report to the Fund or other applicable withholding agent, which will, in turn, report information to the IRS.

 

Such foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted or deemed compliant categories as established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in a Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA in order to avoid FATCA withholding. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the U.S. certification rules to avoid backup withholding described above.

 

The 2017 Tax Act

 

The 2017 Tax Act substantially altered the U.S. federal income tax rules for the taxation of individuals and corporations, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Certain specific provisions of the 2017 Tax Act are described in the relevant portions of this SAI. The 2017 Tax Act also makes numerous changes to the tax rules that do not affect regulated investment companies directly but may affect shareholders and may indirectly affect the Funds. Among many other tax changes introduced by the 2017 Tax Act, the Act changes marginal income tax rates applicable to individuals and other taxpayers. Most of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and would apply only to taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026. The 2017 Tax Act does not change the maximum federal income tax rates that apply to long-term capital gains recognized by noncorporate taxpayers.

 

Other Tax Matters

 

Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans, other tax-qualified plans and investments by other types of tax-exempt entities. Shareholders should consult their tax adviser to determine the suitability of shares of a Fund as an investment through such plans and by tax-exempt entities and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situation.

 

The foregoing discussion relates solely to U.S. federal income tax law. Dividends and distributions also may be subject to state and local taxes. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding specific questions as to U.S. federal, state, local and, where applicable, foreign taxes. Foreign investors should consult their tax advisers concerning the U.S. federal tax consequences of ownership of shares of a Fund, including the certification and filing requirements imposed on foreign investors in order to qualify for exemption from the backup withholding tax (or to qualify for a reduced rate of withholding provided by a treaty).

98

 

The foregoing is a general and abbreviated summary of the applicable provisions of the Code and related regulations currently in effect. For the complete provisions, reference should be made to the pertinent Code sections and regulations. The Code and regulations are subject to change by legislative or administrative actions.

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST

 

The Trust was organized as a Delaware business trust on November 30, 1993 and consists of multiple separate portfolios or series. The Board may establish additional series in the future. The capitalization of the Trust consists solely of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest with no par value.

 

The Trust consists of multiple separate portfolios or funds. When certain matters affect one fund but not another, the shareholders would vote as a fund regarding such matters. Subject to the foregoing, on any matter submitted to a vote of shareholders, all shares then entitled to vote will be voted separately by the fund unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act, in which case all shares will be voted in the aggregate. For example, a change in a fund’s fundamental investment policies would be voted upon only by shareholders of the fund. Additionally, approval of the Investment Advisory Contract and Management Contracts are matters to be determined separately by the fund.

 

Approval by the shareholders of one fund is effective as to that fund whether or not sufficient votes are received from the shareholders of the other fund to approve the proposal as to that fund. The term “majority,” when referring to approvals to be obtained from shareholders of a fund means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the fund or class represented at a meeting if the holder of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the fund or class are present in person or by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the fund. The term “majority,” when referring to the approvals to be obtained from shareholders of the Trust as a whole means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the Trust’s shares represented at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding shares are present in person or proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding shares. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held and fractional votes for fractional shares held.

 

The Trust is not required to hold regular annual meetings of a fund’s shareholders and does not intend to do so. However, the Trust undertakes to hold a special meeting of its shareholders if the purpose of voting on the question of removal of a director or trustees is requested in writing by the holders of at least 10% of the Trust’s outstanding voting securities, and to assist in communicating with other shareholders as required by Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act. The Trust Instrument provides that the holders of not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust may remove a person serving as Trustee either by declaration in writing or at a meeting called for such purpose.

 

Each share of a Fund represents an equal proportional interest in the Fund with each other share and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income earned on the assets belonging to the Fund as are declared in the discretion of the Trustees. In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of the Trust, shareholders of the Fund are entitled to receive the assets attributable to the Fund that are available for distribution, and a distribution of any general assets of the Trust not attributable to the Fund that are available for distribution in such manner and on such basis as the Trustees in their sole discretion may determine.

99

 

Shareholders are not entitled to any preemptive rights. All shares, when issued, will be fully paid and non-assessable by the Trust.

 

Under Delaware law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of a series of the Trust but only to the extent of the shareholder’s investment in such series. However, the Trust Instrument disclaims liability of the shareholders, Trustees or Officers of the Trust for acts or obligations of the Trust, which are binding only on the assets and property of each series of the Trust and requires that notice of the disclaimer be given in each contract or obligations entered into or executed by the Trust or the Trustees. The risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Trust itself would be unable to meet its obligations and should be considered remote and is limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment in the Fund.

 

OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS

 

Custodian. Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (the “Custodian”), located at 40 Water Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109, serves as the custodian for the Funds. As such, the Custodian holds in safekeeping certificated securities and cash belonging to each Fund and, in such capacity, is the registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to a Fund. Upon instruction, the Custodian receives and delivers cash and securities of a Fund in connection with Fund transactions and collects all dividends and other distributions made with respect to Fund portfolio securities. The Custodian also maintains certain accounts and records of the Funds.

 

Transfer Agent. ALPS, pursuant to a Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, serves as transfer agent for the Funds.  As Transfer Agent, ALPS has, among other things, agreed to (i) issue and redeem shares of each Fund; (ii) make dividend and other distributions to shareholders of the Funds; (iii) effect transfers of shares; (iv) mail communications to shareholders of the Funds, including account statements, confirmations, and dividend and distribution notices; (v) facilitate the electronic delivery of shareholder statements and reports and (vi) maintain shareholder accounts.  Under the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, ALPS receives from the Trust an annual minimum fee and a fee based upon the number of shareholder accounts and is also reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses. As described above, ALPS is an affiliate of ADI.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Deloitte & Touche LLP (“Deloitte”) serves as the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm. Deloitte is located at 1601 Wewatta Street, Suite 400, Denver, Colorado 80202.

 

Counsel. Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP serves as counsel to the Funds and is located at 1550 17th Street, Suite 500, Denver, Colorado 80202.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

 

Yield and Total Return. The Funds may from time to time include the yield and/or total return of its shares in advertisements or information in advertisements or information furnished to present or prospective shareholders.

100

 

Each Fund’s yield will vary from time to time depending upon market conditions, the composition of its portfolios and operating expenses of the Trust allocated to each Fund. These factors, possible differences in the methods used in calculating yield, and the tax-exempt status of distributions, should be considered when comparing each Fund’s yield to yields published for other investment companies and other investment vehicles. Yield should also be considered relative to changes in the value of each Fund’s shares and to the relative risks associated with the investment objectives and policies of the Fund.

 

At any time in the future, yields and total return may be higher or lower than past yields and there can be no assurance that any historical results will continue.

 

Investors in each Fund are specifically advised that share prices, expressed as the net asset value per share, will vary just as yield will vary. An investor’s focus on the yield of a Fund to the exclusion of the consideration of the share price of that Fund may result in the investor’s misunderstanding the total return he or she may derive from the Fund.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The financial statements and financial highlights in the April 30, 2019 Annual Report (the “Annual Report”) of the Funds are incorporated in this SAI by reference.  The financial statements and financial highlights in the Annual Report have been audited by Deloitte, whose report thereon appears in the Annual Report.  You can obtain additional copies of such Annual Report at no charge by writing or telephoning the Funds at the address or number on the front page of this SAI.

101

 

APPENDIX A

 

 

Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group—A brief description of the applicable Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) rating symbols and their meanings (as published by S&P) follows:

 

Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings

 

AAA An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

AA An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

 

A An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

 

BBB An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’ and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

 

BB An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

CCC An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

CC An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

 

C A ‘C’ rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the ‘C’ rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument’s terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.

A -1

 

D An obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation, including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.

 

Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

 

NR This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

 

Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings

 

A-1 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

 

A-2 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

 

A-3 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Ratings of ‘B-1’, ‘B-2’, and ‘B-3’ may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the ‘B’ category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B-1 A short-term obligation rated ‘B-1’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

 

B-2 A short-term obligation rated ‘B-2’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

A -2

 

B-3 A short-term obligation rated ‘B-3’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

 

C A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

D A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

 

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.—A brief description of the applicable Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) rating symbols and their meanings (as published by Moody’s) follows:

 

Long-Term Obligation Ratings

 

Aaa Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.

 

Aa Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

 

A Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

 

Baa Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

 

Ba Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.

 

B Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

 

Caa Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

 

Ca Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

 

C Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

 

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

A -3

 

Short-Term Obligation Ratings

 

P-1 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

P-2 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

P-3 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

 

NP Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

 

Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.

A -4

 

APPENDIX B

 

proxy voting

 

SEAFARER CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC
Adopted November 9th, 2011
Updated June 20th, 2016

 

Under Rule 206(4)-6 of the Advisers Act, it is a fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative course of business for an investment adviser to exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, unless Seafarer (also “the Firm”) has adopted and implemented written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that Seafarer votes proxies in the best interests of its clients. Under the Rule, Seafarer must also (a) describe its proxy voting policies to clients, (b) provide its proxy voting policies to clients upon request, and (c) disclose to clients how they may obtain information on how Seafarer voted their proxies. The Firm has adopted the following Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (the “Proxy Policies”) and utilizes a third party proxy voting service to assist it in analyzing and voting proxies. Capitalized terms not defined herein are defined in chapter 1. Overview of Compliance Program of this compliance manual.

 

A.PURPOSE

 

The purpose of these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures is to memorialize the procedures and policies adopted by Seafarer to enable it to comply with its accepted responsibilities and the requirements of Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act.

 

B.POLICY

  

Seafarer acts as discretionary investment adviser for clients who may designate the Firm with the authority to vote proxies for client accounts. These Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that Seafarer votes proxies in the best interests of its clients. The Firm will act in a manner it deems prudent and diligent and which is intended to enhance the economic value of the assets of the account.

 

C.PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES

 

The Firm has established a Proxy Committee of senior officers and employees, with responsibility for formulating, implementing and overseeing this Proxy Voting Policy. The Proxy Committee charter sets forth the operating procedures and responsibilities of the Proxy Committee. A copy of this charter attached hereto as Exhibit A.

 

In order to facilitate the proxy voting process, Seafarer may engage an independent proxy voting service.  This service will receive, process, execute and record proxy votes on Seafarer’s behalf. To this end, the Proxy Committee has adopted the voting guidelines of the Firm’s proxy voting vendor, which are incorporated herein by reference. These guidelines function as a set of standing instructions which can be overridden as per the governance philosophy set out below in section D, always bearing in mind the Firm’s fiduciary duty to always act in the client’s best interest.

 

The Proxy Committee will review the proxy voting vendor’s guidelines from time to time to assure that votes continue to be cast in the best interests of Seafarer’s clients.

 

D.GOVERNANCE PHILOSOPHY

 

The following outlines general philosophical beliefs related to proxy voting. Note that there may be cause to deviate from this philosophy due to specific facts and circumstance. This is only a partial list and should not be used as rigid rules. The governance philosophy below is subject to modification in certain circumstances and will be reexamined from time to time. In all circumstances, even those that are seemingly routine, Seafarer reserves the right to evaluate each proposal in light of the best interests of its clients, and to vote other than as indicated by the proxy vendor guidelines, if the Firm believes, in good faith, that doing so will most enhance shareholder value.

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i.Management Proposals

 

The majority of votes presented to shareholders are proposals made by management, which have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. For routine matters (which generally means that such matter will not measurably change the structure, management, control or operation of the company and are consistent with customary industry standards and practices, as well as the laws of the state of incorporation applicable to the company), Seafarer will vote in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s management, unless, in the Firm’s opinion, such recommendation is not in the best interests of the Firm’s clients.

 

Generally, in the absence of any unusual or non-routine information, the following items are likely to be supported:

 

Ratification of appointment of independent auditors;

 

General updating/corrective amendments to charter;

 

Increase in common share authorization for a stock split or share dividend;

 

Stock option plans that are incentive based and not excessive; and

 

Election of directors and payment of fees (unless such fees exceed market standards).

 

 

Non-routine matters may involve a variety of issues. The following items will typically require case-by-case review and analysis when submitted by management to a shareholder vote:

 

Directors’ liability and indemnity proposals;

 

Executive compensation plans;

 

Mergers, acquisitions, and other restructurings submitted to a shareholder vote;

 

Anti-takeover and related provisions; and

 

Shareholder Proposals

 

ii.Shareholder Proposals

 

In general, Seafarer will vote in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals. However, the Firm will support shareholder proposals that are consistent with Seafarer’s proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.

 

 Generally, shareholder proposals related to the following items are supported:

 

Confidential voting;

 

Bylaw and charter amendments only with shareholder approval;

 

Requiring a majority of independent directors in a board

 

 Generally, shareholder proposals related to the following items are not supported:

 

Limitations on the tenure of directors;

 

Cumulative voting;

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Restrictions related to social, political, or special interest issues that impact the ability of the company to do business or be competitive and that have a significant financial or vested interest impact; and

 

Reports which are costly to provide or expenditures which are of a non-business nature or would provide no pertinent information from the perspective of shareholders.

 

Seafarer will vote on proxy matters in accordance with a client’s specific request even if that vote would be inconsistent with this philosophy or the adopted guidelines, or its vote on behalf of other clients. Clients must make such requests in writing, and submit them in a timely matter.

 

iii. Abstaining from Voting, Affirmatively Not Voting, and Failing to Vote Due to Constraints

 

Seafarer will take all measures necessary and appropriate to vote all proxies on a “best efforts” basis – that is it undertakes reasonable efforts to secure proxies and vote them in the best interests of its clients and according to its guidelines. However, if proxy materials are not available on a timely basis, or if they require additional processing, the Firm may not be in a position to vote within the allotted proxy schedule. Also, the Firm may abstain from voting (which generally requires submission of the proxy voting card) or decide not to vote if the Firm determines that abstaining or not voting is in the best interests of the applicable Fund(s).

 

Factors that may be considered in determining whether the Firm is in a position to vote or if abstaining or not voting is in the best interests of clients may include the costs associated with exercising the proxy (e.g. travel or translation costs), foreign ownership restrictions, and any legal restrictions on trading resulting from the exercise of a proxy (e.g. “share blocking” or other restrictions on transactions.

 

In some cases, refraining from voting on a matter submitted to shareholders may be, in Seafarer’s view, in the best interests of our clients. For example, the cost of voting the proxy may exceed the expected benefit to the client (e.g. travel or translation costs). Similarly, voting on shareholder matters in foreign countries, particularly in emerging markets, may be subject to restrictions (including registration procedures that result in a holding becoming illiquid for a period of time) and limitations that impede or make the exercise of shareholder rights impractical. Furthermore, if a proxy is received with short notice before a vote, the Firm may rely on its proxy voting service to process its vote in accordance with standing instructions. Factors that may limit Seafarer’s ability to vote include, but are not limited to:

 

Untimely or inadequate notice of shareholder meetings;

 

Restrictions on the ability of holders outside the issuer’s jurisdiction of organization to exercise votes;

 

In-person voting requirements;

 

Restrictions on the sale of securities for periods surrounding the shareholder meeting (i.e. “share blocking”);

 

Granting local agents powers of attorney to facilitate voting instructions;

 

Proxy materials or ballots not being readily available; and

 

Proxy materials or ballots not being available in English

 

The fact that the Funds hold a small percentage of the outstanding voting securities of a company is not a sufficient reason for not voting a proxy.

 

iv. Conflict of Interest

 

Due to the nature of Seafarer’s business and its ownership, it is unlikely that conflicts of interest will arise in voting proxies of public companies. The CCO will request disclosure of any potential conflicts of interest for access persons, and maintain records in accordance with this policy and related regulations. However, if a potential conflict of interest does arise, the CCO will review these votes in advance to make sure that the Firm’s proposed votes are consistent with the established guidelines and not prompted by any conflict of interest. If a conflict is evident, the CCO will advise the affected clients, seek their direction, and vote accordingly. If such clients are not able to provide direction, the CCO will take other action as may be appropriate in the particular circumstances, and document such actions accordingly.

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E.        RECORD KEEPING

 

In accordance with Rule 204-2 under the Advisers Act, the CCO will maintain for the time periods set forth in such Rule the following: (i.) these proxy voting procedures and policies, and all amendments thereto; (ii.) all proxy statements received regarding client securities (provided however, that Seafarer may rely on the proxy statement filed on EDGAR as its records); (iii.) a record of all votes cast on behalf of clients; (iv.) records of all client requests for proxy voting information; (v.) any documents prepared by Seafarer that were material to making a decision how to vote or that memorialized the basis for the decision; and (vi.) all records relating to requests made by clients regarding conflicts of interest in voting the proxy.

 

Seafarer will describe in its Part 2 of Form ADV (or other brochure fulfilling the requirement of Rule 204-3) its proxy voting policies and procedures and advise clients how they may obtain information about how the Firm voted their securities. Clients may obtain information about how their securities were voted or a copy of Seafarer’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures free of charge by written request addressed to the CCO.

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Exhibit A

 


Proxy Committee Charter [updated November 6th, 2015]

 

Purpose of Committee 

 

 

The Proxy Committee (the “Committee”) of Seafarer Capital Partners (the “Adviser”) will oversee the firm’s compliance with the responsibilities and requirements of Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 with regards to proxy voting.

 

Committee Membership 

 

 

The Committee shall consist of no less than two members. The Committee is appointed by the CIO (Chief Investment Officer) who may consult the CCO (Chief Compliance Officer). Members can be appointed, replaced or new members can be added at any time. One member of the Committee shall be appointed by the CIO as the Committee’s Chairperson. Based on availability of resources, an effort will be made to include adequate representation from the Operations team as well as the Investment team of the Adviser.

 

Authority 

 

 

The Committee’s Chairperson reports to the CIO as necessary, and operates under the oversight of the CCO with respect to all external reporting obligations (e.g., Form NPX).

 

Meetings  

 

 

The Committee meets at four times a year or when necessary at the call of the Committee Chairperson.

 

Committee Duties and Responsibilities 

 

 

The Committee’s primary duties and responsibilities are:

 

1.Formulation of proxy voting policies and procedures. The Committee will be responsible for the adoption and implementation of written policies and procedures to ensure that the Adviser votes proxies in the best interests of its clients.

 

2.Mitigation of conflicts of interest. The Committee will guard the independence of the proxy voting function from conflicts of interest that might between the Adviser’s business interests and its fiduciary obligations to vote proxies in the best interest of clients. This duty will include which individuals within the firm have voting authority and / or access to proxy voting systems.

 

3.Appointment and management of proxy voting service provider(s). The Committee will identify, review and recommend to CIO the appointment of proxy voting service provider(s), unless the Adviser’s clients have directly appointed such vendors. The Committee will also conduct a periodic diligence review of the existing service provider(s) evaluating, among other items, the vendor’s a) services offered, b) organization’s background, c) internal controls, d) compliance and code of ethics, e) privacy policies, f) information security, g) disaster recovery and business continuity.

 

4.Maintenance of a consistent and reliable voting process. The Committee will oversee the voting process and the instructions left with the proxy service provider to ensure a consistent and reliable voting process.

 

5.Compliance with regulatory and reporting requirements. The Committee will oversee the regulatory reporting process for proxy voting.

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6.Document retention. The Committee will decide on the frequency and technical procedures of document retention for the voting policy (e.g. Client’s specific voting requests inconsistent with Adviser’s recommendations) and will maintain proxy-voting records in a manner consistent with the firm’s record retention policies.

 

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August 31, 2019
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

The Disciplined Growth Investors FUND

(DGIFX)

 

P.O. Box 275

Denver, CO 80201

 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) expands upon and supplements the information contained in the current Prospectus for shares (the “Shares”) of the Disciplined Growth Investors Fund (the “Fund”), which is a separate series of Financial Investors Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”). Each series of the Trust represents shares of beneficial interest in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets with its own investment objective and policies.

 

This SAI is not a prospectus and is only authorized for distribution when preceded or accompanied by the Fund’s current prospectus dated August 31, 2019, as supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”). This SAI supplements and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus, a copy of which may be obtained without charge by writing the Fund at the address listed above, or by calling the Fund’s transfer agent at 855-DGI-FUND. The Fund’s most recent Annual Report, if any, is incorporated by reference into this SAI and can be obtained free of charge, by calling the toll-free number printed above.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

  Page
Classification, Investment Objectives and Policies  1
Additional Investment Activities and Risks  2
Other Practices 34
Investment Limitations 37
Portfolio Turnover  39
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings  39
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage 42
Purchase & Redemption of Shares  45
Trustees and Officers  47
Investment Manager  56
Distributor 57
Code of Ethics 57
Administrator 57
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures 58
Control Persons, Principal Shareholders and Management Ownership 58
Expenses 58
Portfolio Managers  59
Net Asset Value  61
Federal Income Taxes  62
Description of the Trust 73
Other Information about the Fund  74
Performance Information  75
Financial Statements 75
Appendix A -- Description of Securities Ratings A-1
Appendix B -- Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures B-1

 

 

CLASSIFICATION, INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

 

Financial Investors Trust

 

This SAI includes information about The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund (the “Fund”), a series of the Financial Investors Trust (the “Trust”), an open-end, management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust on November 30, 1993.

 

Classification

 

The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), classifies mutual funds as either diversified or non-diversified. The Fund is classified as diversified.

 

What are the Fund’s Investment Objectives?

 

The Fund seeks long-term capital growth, and as a secondary objective, modest income with reasonable risk.

 

While there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in the Prospectus.

 

The Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change this objective or the Fund’s principal investment strategies without a shareholder vote. The Fund will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to the Fund’s objective or principal investment strategies, you should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

What are the Fund’s Principal Investment Strategies?

 

The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing, under normal conditions, approximately 65% of its assets in equity securities and approximately 35% in fixed-income securities and cash equivalents. The allocation to equity and fixed-income securities may vary widely from time to time, as market conditions warrant. The Fund may invest in both investment-grade and below investment-grade securities. The Fund’s fixed-income securities will generally have a weighted average maturity of five to 10 years, although Disciplined Growth Investors, Inc. (“DGI” or the “Adviser”) may cause the Fund to invest in fixed-income securities with a weighted average maturity greater than 10 years or less than five years, depending on market conditions. If the Adviser cannot find qualifying investments, the Fund may hold cash and short-term instruments. The Adviser seeks to invest primarily in U.S. companies but may invest in foreign companies from time to time.

 

With respect to the equity portion of the portfolio, the Adviser seeks to generally invest in mid-sized companies, which the Adviser regards as those typically with market capitalizations at the time of purchase greater than $1 billion and less than $10 billion. The Adviser employs a “bottom-up” approach to building a portfolio. The Adviser’s goal is to find stocks that it believes meet its criteria of sustainable competitive advantage relative to industry peers, long-term superior return on capital coupled with the financial ability to meet reasonable growth objectives.

 

Fixed-income securities generally include corporate debt securities, U.S. Government obligations, mortgage-backed securities and other mortgage-related products and short-term securities.

1 

 

With respect to the fixed-income portion of the portfolio, the Adviser seeks to identify fundamental growth opportunities in specific fixed-income securities that offer relative value within the fixed-income markets. The Adviser’s decision making approach has both “top-down” (including duration/maturity positioning, yield curve risk and sector/quality risk) and “bottom-up” (including credit research, quantitative analysis and trading) components. The Adviser’s sell discipline is managed through a combination of inputs from its maturity, sector and individual selection decisions.

 

ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES AND RISKS

 

The Fund may also invest in the following types of securities. The following section describes in greater detail than the Prospectus certain of the Fund’s investment strategies and the associated risks. The following is not meant to be an exclusive list of all the securities and instruments in which the Fund may invest or investment strategies in which it may engage, and the Fund may invest in instruments and securities and engage in strategies other than those listed below.

 

Equity Investments

 

The Fund will invest in equity securities. Equity securities (which generally include common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants, securities convertible into common or preferred stocks and similar securities) are generally volatile and more risky than some other forms of investment. Equity securities of companies with relatively small market capitalizations may be more volatile than the securities of larger, more established companies and than the broad equity market indices generally. Common stock and other equity securities may take the form of stock in corporations, partnership interests, interests in limited liability companies and other direct or indirect interests in business organizations.

 

Common Stock

 

Common stocks are shares of a corporation or other entity that entitle the holder to a pro rata share of the profits of the corporation, if any, without preference over any other shareholder or class of shareholders, including holders of the entity’s preferred stock and other senior equity. Common stock usually carries with it the right to vote and frequently an exclusive right to do so.

 

Common stocks of companies that the Adviser believes have earnings that will grow faster than the economy as a whole are known as growth stocks. Growth stocks typically trade at higher multiples of current earnings than other stocks. As a result, the values of growth stocks may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the values of other stocks. If the Adviser’s assessment of the prospects for a company’s earnings growth is wrong, or if its judgment of how other investors will value the company’s earnings growth is wrong, then the price of that company’s stock may fall or may not approach the value that the Adviser has placed on it.

 

Common stocks of companies that are not expected to experience significant earnings growth, but whose stocks the Adviser believes are undervalued compared to their true worth, are known as value stocks. These companies may have experienced adverse business developments or may be subject to special risks that have caused their stocks to be out of favor. If the Adviser’s assessment of a company’s prospects is wrong, or if other investors do not eventually recognize the value of the company, then the price of the company’s stocks may fall or may not approach the value that the Adviser has placed on it.

 

Many stocks have both “growth” and “value” characteristics, and for some stocks it may be unclear which category, if any, it fits into. The Fund’s investment process is biased toward growth with respect to its equity portion.

2 

 

Preferred Stock

 

Preferred stocks, like debt obligations, are generally fixed-income securities. Shareholders of preferred stocks normally have the right to receive dividends at a fixed rate when and as declared by the issuer’s board of directors, but do not participate in other amounts available for distribution by the issuing corporation. Dividends on the preferred stock may be cumulative, and generally all cumulative dividends must be paid prior to common shareholders receiving any dividends. Because as a general matter preferred stock dividends must be paid before common stock dividends, preferred stocks generally entail less risk than common stocks. Upon liquidation, preferred stocks are generally entitled to a specified liquidation preference, which is generally the same as the par or stated value, and are senior in right of payment to common stock. Preferred stocks are, however, equity securities in the sense that they do not represent a liability of the issuer and, therefore, do not offer as great a degree of protection of capital or assurance of continued income as investments in corporate debt securities. In addition, preferred stocks are subordinated in right of payment to all debt obligations and creditors of the issuer, and convertible preferred stocks may be subordinated to other preferred stock of the same issuer.

 

Exchange Traded Funds and Other Similar Instruments

 

Shares of exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) and other similar instruments may be purchased by the Fund. Generally, an ETF is an investment company that is registered under the 1940 Act that holds a portfolio of securities designed to track the performance of a particular index or index segment. Similar instruments, used by pools that are not investment companies, offer similar characteristics and may be designed to track the performance of an index or basket of securities of companies engaged in a particular market or sector. ETFs sell and redeem their shares at net asset value in large blocks (typically 50,000 of its shares) called “creation units.” Shares representing fractional interests in these creation units are listed for trading on national securities exchanges and can be purchased and sold in the secondary market in lots of any size at any time during the trading day.

 

Investments in ETFs and other similar instruments involve certain inherent risks generally associated with investments in a broadly-based portfolio of stocks including: (i) risks that the general level of stock prices may decline, thereby adversely affecting the value of each unit of the ETF or other instrument; (ii) an ETF may not fully replicate the performance of its benchmark index because of temporary unavailability of certain index securities in the secondary market or discrepancies between the ETF and the index with respect to the weightings of securities or number of stocks held; (iii) an ETF may also be adversely affected by the performance of the specific index, market sector or group of industries on which it is based; and (iv) an ETF may not track an index as well as a traditional index mutual fund because ETFs are valued by the market and, therefore, there may be a difference between the market value and the ETF’s net asset value. The Fund may both purchase and effect short sales of shares of ETFs and may also purchase and sell options on shares of ETFs. These investments may be used for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return (which is considered a speculative activity).

 

Because ETFs and pools that issue similar instruments incur various fees and expenses, the Fund’s investment in these instruments will involve certain indirect costs, as well as transaction costs, such as brokerage commissions. The Adviser will consider expenses associated with an investment in determining whether to invest in an ETF or other instrument. In the case of ETFs that are investment companies, they invest substantially all of their assets in securities of various securities indices or a particular segment of a securities index. Most ETFs are listed and traded on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (“Arca”). The market price of ETFs is expected to fluctuate in accordance with both changes in the asset values of their underlying indices and supply and demand of an ETF’s shares on the Arca. ETFs may trade at relatively modest discounts or premiums to net asset value. In general, most ETFs have a limited operating history and information may be lacking regarding the actual performance and trading liquidity of such shares for extended periods or over complete market cycles. In addition, there is no assurance that the requirements of the Arca necessary to maintain the listing of ETFs in which the Fund invests will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. In the event substantial market or other disruptions affecting the shares of ETFs held by the Fund should occur in the future, the liquidity and value of the Fund’s shares could also be adversely affected. If such disruptions were to occur, the Fund could be required to reconsider the use of ETFs as part of its investment strategy.

3 

 

Limitations of the 1940 Act, which prohibit any fund from acquiring more than 3% of the outstanding shares of another investment company, may restrict the Fund’s ability to purchase shares of certain ETFs.

 

Warrants and Rights

 

The Fund may invest in warrants and rights. Warrants are securities that are usually issued together with a debt security or preferred stock and that give the holder the right to buy a proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price until a stated expiration date. Buying a warrant generally can provide a greater potential for profit or loss than an investment of equivalent amounts in the underlying common stock. The market value of a warrant does not necessarily move with the value of the underlying securities. If a holder does not sell the warrant, it risks the loss of its entire investment if the market price of the underlying security does not, before the expiration date, exceed the exercise price of the warrant. Investing in warrants is a speculative activity. Warrants pay no dividends and confer no rights (other than the right to purchase the underlying securities) with respect to the assets of the issuer. A right is a privilege granted, typically to existing shareholders of a corporation, to subscribe for shares of a new issue of stock before it is issued. Rights normally have a short life, usually two to four weeks, may be freely transferable and generally entitle the holder to buy the new common stock at a lower price than the public offering price.

 

Market Risk

 

The market price of securities owned by the Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably.

 

Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries represented in the securities markets. The value of a security may decline due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also decline due to factors which affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value simultaneously.

 

Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed-income securities.

 

Derivatives

 

The Fund may engage in a variety of derivative transactions in accordance with the applicable rules of the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”); however, the Fund will not be obligated to use derivatives and the Fund does not make any representation as to the availability of these techniques at this time or at any time in the future. Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index and may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities, related indexes and other assets. The types of derivatives in which the Fund may invest include, but are not limited to, interest rate, currency or stock or bond index futures contracts, currency forward contracts and currency swaps, the purchase and sale (or writing) of exchange listed and over-the-counter (“OTC”) put and call options on debt and equity securities, currencies, interest rate, currency or stock index futures and fixed-income and stock indices and other financial instruments, entering into various interest rate transactions such as swaps, caps floors, and collars, entering into equity swaps, caps and floors, the purchase and sale of indexed debt securities or trading in other similar types of instruments.

4 

 

Derivatives may be used to attempt to protect against possible changes in the market value of securities held or to be purchased for the Fund’s portfolio resulting from securities markets or currency exchange rate fluctuations, to protect the Fund’s unrealized gains in the value of its securities, to facilitate the sale of those securities for investment purposes, to manage the effective maturity or duration of the Fund’s portfolio or to establish a position in the derivatives markets as a temporary substitute for purchasing or selling particular securities or to seek to enhance the Fund’s income or gain. The Fund may use any or all types of derivatives which it is authorized to use at any time; no particular strategy will dictate the use of one type of transaction rather than another, as use of any authorized derivative will be a function of numerous variables, including market conditions. The ability of the Fund to utilize derivatives successfully will depend on numerous factors including the Adviser’s ability to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. These skills are different from those needed to select the Fund’s portfolio securities.

 

Subject to the constraints described above, the Fund may (if and to the extent so authorized) purchase and sell interest rate, currency or stock or bond index futures contracts and enter into currency forward contracts and currency swaps; purchase and sell (or write) exchange listed and OTC put and call options on securities, loan participations and assignments, currencies, futures contracts, indices and other financial instruments, and the Fund may enter into interest rate transactions, equity swaps and related transactions and other similar transactions which may be developed to the extent the Adviser determines that they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies and applicable regulatory requirements. The Fund’s interest rate transactions may take the form of swaps, caps, floors and collars, and the Fund’s currency transactions may take the form of currency forward contracts, currency futures contracts, currency swaps and options on currencies or currency futures contracts.

 

Derivatives involve special risks, including possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to the extent the Adviser’s view as to certain market movements is incorrect, the risk that the use of derivatives could result in significantly greater losses than if it had not been used. Losses resulting from the use of derivatives will reduce the Fund’s net asset value, and possibly income, and the losses may be significantly greater than if derivatives had not been used. The degree of the Fund’s use of derivatives may be limited based upon certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). When used, derivatives may increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxes payable by shareholders. See “Federal Income Taxes.”

 

Certain standardized swap transactions are currently subject to mandatory central clearing or may be eligible for voluntary central clearing. Central clearing is expected to decrease counterparty risk and increase liquidity compared to uncleared swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterpart to each participant's swap. However, central clearing does not eliminate counterparty risk or illiquidity risk entirely. In addition depending on the size of a fund and other factors, the margin required under the rules of a clearinghouse and by a clearing member may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by a fund to support its obligations under a similar uncleared swap.

5 

 

Futures, options on futures, and swap contracts that are listed or traded on a national securities exchange, commodities exchange, contract market or over-the-counter markets and that are freely transferable will be valued at their closing settlement price on the exchange on which they are primarily traded or based upon the current settlement price for a like instrument acquired on the day on which the instrument is being valued. A settlement price may not be used if the market makes a limit move with respect to a particular commodity. Over-the-counter futures, options on futures, and swap contracts for which market quotations are readily available will be valued based on quotes received from third party pricing services or one or more dealers that make markets in such securities. If quotes are not available from a third party pricing service or one or more dealers, quotes shall be determined based on the fair value of such instruments. In determining the fair value of such instruments the Fund may consider, among other factors, whether or not the particular instrument is intended to be cash-settled or physically-settled. With respect to instruments that do not cash settle, the Fund may typically use the full notional value of the contract as a guide while the positions are open. With respect to instruments that do cash settle, the Fund may typically use the marked-to-market net obligation under the applicable contract as a guide.

 

Rule 4.5 under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”), as amended, exempts an adviser of a fund that invests in “commodity interests” from registration as a “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) provided that, among other restrictions, the adviser enters into such positions solely for “bona fide hedging purposes” or limits its use of commodity interests for non-bona fide hedging purposes such that (i) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish non-bona fide hedging positions do not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the fund’s portfolio, or (ii) the aggregate “notional value” of the non-bona fide hedging commodity interests do not exceed 100% of the liquidation value of the fund’s portfolio.

 

The Adviser intends to: (i) comply with the requirements of the CEA by operating the Fund in a manner consistent with the restrictions of Rule 4.5, including filing a notice of eligibility of exemption from registration in accordance with applicable procedures and deadlines; (ii) comply with the requirements of the CEA by registering as a CPO with the CFTC and the National Futures Association; or (iii) operate the Fund in a manner such that the Fund will not be a “commodity pool” under the CEA.

 

Currency Transactions

 

The Fund may engage in currency transactions with counterparties to hedge the value of portfolio securities denominated in particular currencies against fluctuations in relative value, to gain or reduce exposure to certain currencies or to generate income or gains.

 

Currency transactions include currency forward contracts, exchange-listed currency futures contracts and options thereon, exchange-listed and OTC options on currencies and currency swaps. A forward currency contract involves a privately negotiated obligation to purchase or sell (with delivery generally required) a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. A currency swap is an agreement to exchange cash flows based on the notional difference among two or more currencies and operates similarly to an interest rate swap, which is described below under “Interest Rate and Equity Swaps and Related Transactions.”

6 

 

The Fund may enter into a forward contract to sell, for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars, the amount of that currency approximating the value of some or all of the Fund’s portfolio securities denominated in such currency. For example, the Fund may do this if the Adviser believes that the currency of a particular country may decline in relation to the U.S. dollar. Forward contracts may limit potential gain from a positive change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. Transaction hedging includes entering into a currency transaction with respect to specific assets or liabilities of the Fund, which will generally arise in connection with the purchase or sale of portfolio securities or the receipt of income from them. Position hedging is entering into a currency transaction with respect to portfolio securities positions denominated or generally quoted in that currency.

 

The Fund may cross-hedge currencies by entering into transactions to purchase or sell one or more currencies that are expected to increase or decline in value relative to other currencies to which the Fund has or in which the Fund expects to have exposure. To reduce the effect of currency fluctuations on the value of existing or anticipated holdings of its securities, the Fund may also engage in proxy hedging. Proxy hedging is often used when the currency to which the Fund’s holdings is exposed is difficult to hedge generally or difficult to hedge against the dollar. Proxy hedging entails entering into a forward contract to sell a currency, the changes in the value of which are generally considered to be linked to a currency or currencies in which some or all of the Fund’s securities are or are expected to be denominated and to buy dollars.

 

If the Fund enters into a currency hedging transaction, the Fund will comply with the asset segregation requirements described below under “Use of Segregated and Other Special Accounts.”

 

Currency hedging involves some of the same risks and considerations as other derivative transactions. Currency transactions can result in losses to the Fund if the currency being hedged fluctuates in value to a degree or in a direction that is not anticipated. Further, the risk exists that the perceived linkage between various currencies may not be present or may not be present during the particular time that the Fund is engaging in these transactions. Currency transactions are also subject to risks different from those of other portfolio transactions. Because currency control is of great importance to the issuing governments and influences economic planning and policy, purchases and sales of currency and related instruments can be adversely affected by government exchange controls, limitations or restrictions on repatriation of currency and manipulations or exchange restrictions imposed by governments. These forms of governmental actions can result in losses to the Fund if it is unable to deliver or receive currency or monies in settlement of obligations and could also cause hedges it has entered into to be rendered useless, resulting in full currency exposure as well as incurring transaction costs. Buyers and sellers of currency futures contracts are subject to the same risks that apply to the use of futures contracts generally. Further, settlement of a currency futures contract for the purchase of most currencies must occur at a bank based in the issuing nation. Trading options on currency futures contracts is relatively new, and the ability to establish and close out positions on these options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid market that may not always be available. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate based on factors extrinsic to that country’s economy.

 

Futures Contracts

 

Generally, a futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified quantity of a financial instrument, foreign currency or the cash value of an index at a specified price and time. The Adviser expects that the Fund’s futures transactions will generally include transactions: (i) on domestic and foreign exchanges on currencies, interest rates and bond indices; and (ii) on domestic and, to the extent permitted by the CFTC, foreign exchanges on stock indices. The Adviser intends to (i) comply with the requirements of the CEA by operating the Fund in a manner consistent with the restrictions of Rule 4.5, including filing a notice of eligibility of exemption from registration in accordance with applicable procedures and deadlines; (ii) comply with the requirements of the CEA by registering as a CPO with the CFTC and the National Futures Association; or (iii) operate the Fund in a manner such that the Fund will not be a “commodity pool” under the CEA. CFTC regulations governing the use of commodity interests, including certain futures contracts, by investment companies such as the Fund may be subject to amendment. Amendments to such regulations by the CFTC may affect the ability of the Fund to use futures and commodity interests, and could affect the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

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Futures contracts are generally bought and sold on the commodities exchanges on which they are listed with payment of initial and variation margin as described below. The sale of a futures contract creates a firm obligation by the Fund, as seller, to deliver to the buyer the specific type of financial instrument called for in the contract at a specific future time for a specified price (or, with respect to certain instruments, the net cash amount). The Fund may use futures contracts and related options for hedging purposes and for investment purposes. The Fund’s use of financial futures contracts and options thereon will in all cases be consistent with applicable regulatory requirements and in particular the rules and regulations of the CFTC. Maintaining a futures contract or selling an option on a futures contract will typically require the Fund to deposit with a financial intermediary, as security for its obligations, an amount of cash or other specified assets (“initial margin”) that initially is from 1% to 10% of the face amount of the contract (but may be higher in some circumstances). Additional cash or assets (“variation margin”) may be required to be deposited thereafter daily as the mark-to-market value of the futures contract fluctuates. The value of all futures contracts sold by the Fund (adjusted for the historical volatility relationship between the Fund and the contracts) will not exceed the total market value of the Fund’s securities. The Fund will designate assets with respect to futures contracts and options thereon as described below under “Use of Segregated and Other Special Accounts.”

 

Interest Rate Futures Contracts

 

The Fund may enter into interest rate futures contracts, for example, in order to protect it from fluctuations in interest rates without necessarily buying or selling fixed-income securities. An interest rate futures contract is an agreement to take or make delivery of either: (i) an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of a particular debt security or index of debt securities at the beginning and at the end of the contract period; or (ii) a specified amount of a particular debt security at a future date at a price set at time of the contract. For example, if the Fund owns bonds, and interest rates are expected to increase, the Fund might sell futures contracts on debt securities having characteristics similar to those held in the portfolio. Such a sale would have much the same effect as selling an equivalent value of the bonds owned by the Fund. If interest rates did increase, the value of the debt securities in the portfolio would decline, but the value of the futures contracts to the Fund would increase at approximately the same rate, thereby keeping the net asset value of the Fund from declining as much as it otherwise would have. The Fund could accomplish similar results by selling bonds with longer maturities and investing in bonds with shorter maturities when interest rates are expected to increase. However, because the futures market may be more liquid than the cash market, the use of futures contracts as a risk management technique allows the Fund to take a position without having to sell its portfolio securities. Similarly, when the Adviser expects that interest rates may decline, the Fund may purchase interest rate futures contracts in an attempt to hedge against having to make subsequently anticipated purchases of bonds at the higher prices subsequently expected to prevail. Since the fluctuations in the value of appropriately selected futures contracts should be similar to that of the bonds that will be purchased, the Fund could take advantage of the anticipated rise in the cost of the bonds without actually buying them until the market had stabilized.

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The use of options and futures transactions entails risks. In particular, the variable degree of correlation between price movements of futures contracts and price movements in the related portfolio position of the Fund could create the possibility that losses on the derivative will be greater than gains in the value of the Fund’s position. In addition, futures and options markets could be illiquid in some circumstances and certain OTC options could have no markets. The Fund might not be able to close out certain positions without incurring substantial losses. To the extent the Fund utilizes futures and options transactions for hedging, such transactions should tend to decrease the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged position and, at the same time, limit any potential gain to the Fund that might result from an increase in value of the position. There is also the risk of loss by the Fund of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom the Fund has an open position in a futures contract or option thereon. Finally, the daily variation margin requirements for futures contracts create a greater ongoing potential financial risk than would purchases of options, in which case the exposure is limited to the cost of the initial premium and transaction costs.

 

Options

 

A put option gives the purchaser of the option, upon payment of a premium, the right to sell, and the writer of the option the obligation to buy (if the option is exercised), the underlying security, index, currency or other instrument at the exercise price. The Fund’s purchase of a put option on a security, for example, might be designed to protect its holdings in the underlying instrument (or, in some cases, a similar instrument) against a substantial decline in the market value of such instrument by giving the Fund the right to sell the instrument at the option exercise price. A call option, upon payment of a premium, gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy (if the option is exercised), and the seller the obligation to sell, the underlying instrument at the exercise price. The Fund’s purchase of a call option on a security, financial futures contract, index, currency or other instrument might be intended to protect the Fund against an increase in the price of the underlying instrument that it intends to purchase in the future by fixing the price at which it may purchase the instrument. An “American” style put or call option may be exercised at any time during the option period, whereas a “European” style put or call option may be exercised only upon expiration or during a fixed period prior to expiration. Exchange-listed options are issued by a regulated intermediary such as the Options Clearing Corporation (“OCC”), which guarantees the performance of the obligations of the parties to the options.

 

In order to hedge against adverse market shifts or to potentially increase income or gain, the Fund may purchase put and call options or write “covered” put and call options on futures contracts on stocks, stock indices, interest rates and currencies. In addition, the Fund may utilize options on currencies in order to hedge against currency exchange rate risks or to gain exposure to one or more currencies. A call option written by the Fund is “covered” so long as the Fund owns: (i) the underlying investment subject to the option; (ii) securities convertible or exchangeable without the payment of any consideration into the securities subject to the option; or (iii) a call option on the relevant security or currency with an exercise price no higher than the exercise price on the call option written. A put option written by the Fund is “covered” if the Fund either (a) designates on its or its custodian records liquid securities having a value at least equal to the exercise price of the underlying investment or (b) has certain offsetting puts. Parties to options transactions must make certain payments and/or set aside certain amounts of assets in connection with each transaction.

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By writing a call, the Fund will generally limit its opportunity to profit from an increase in the market value of the underlying investment above the exercise price of the option for as long as the Fund’s obligation as writer of the option continues. By writing a put, the Fund will generally limit its opportunity to profit from a decrease in the market value of the underlying investment below the exercise price of the option for as long as the Fund’s obligation as writer of the option continues. Upon the exercise of a put option written by the Fund, the Fund may suffer an economic loss equal to the difference between the price at which the Fund is required to purchase the underlying investment and its market value at the time of the option exercise, less the premium received for writing the option. Upon the exercise of a call option written by the Fund, the Fund may suffer an economic loss equal to an amount not less than the Fund’s acquisition cost of the investment underlying the option, less the sum of the premium received for writing the option and the exercise price paid to the Fund.

 

The Fund may choose to exercise the options it holds, permit them to expire or terminate them prior to their expiration by entering into closing transactions. The Fund may enter into a closing purchase transaction in which the Fund purchases an option having the same terms as the option it had written or a closing sale transaction in which the Fund sells an option having the same terms as the option it had purchased.

 

Exchange-listed options on securities and currencies, with certain exceptions, generally settle by physical delivery of the underlying security or currency, although in the future, cash settlement may become available. Frequently, rather than taking or making delivery of the underlying instrument through the process of exercising the option, listed options are closed by entering into offsetting purchase or sale transactions that do not result in ownership of the new option. Index options are cash settled for the net amount, if any, by which the option is “in-the-money” (that is, the amount by which the value of the underlying instrument exceeds, in the case of a call option, or is less than, in the case of a put option, the exercise price of the option) at the time the option is exercised.

 

OTC options are purchased from or sold to securities dealers, financial institutions or other parties (collectively referred to as “counterparties” and individually referred to as a “counterparty”) through a direct bilateral agreement with the counterparty. In contrast to exchange-listed options, which generally have standardized terms and performance mechanics, the terms of an OTC option, including such terms as method of settlement, term, exercise price, premium, guaranties and security, are determined by negotiation of the parties.

 

Unless the parties provide for it, no central clearing or guaranty function is involved in an OTC option. As a result, if a counterparty fails to make or take delivery of the security, currency or other instrument underlying an OTC option it has entered into with the Fund or fails to make a cash settlement payment due in accordance with the terms of that option, the Fund will lose any premium it paid for the option as well as any anticipated benefit of the transaction. Thus, the Adviser must assess the creditworthiness of each such counterparty or any guarantor or credit enhancement of the counterparty’s credit to determine the likelihood that the terms of the OTC option will be met.

 

If the Fund sells a call option, the premium that it receives may serve as a partial hedge, to the extent of the option premium, against a decrease in the value of the underlying securities or instruments held by the Fund or will increase the Fund’s income. Similarly, the sale of put options can also provide gains for the Fund. The Fund may purchase and sell call options on securities that are traded on U.S. and foreign securities exchanges and in the OTC markets, and on securities indices, currencies and futures contracts. All calls sold by the Fund must be “covered” (that is, the Fund must own the securities or futures contract subject to the call), or must otherwise meet the asset segregation requirements described below for so long as the call is outstanding. Even though the Fund will receive the option premium to help protect it against loss, use of options could result in losses to the Fund, force the purchase or sale of portfolio securities at inopportune times or for prices higher or lower than current market values, or cause the Fund to hold a security it might otherwise sell or sell a security it might otherwise hold.

10 

 

The Fund’s ability to close out its position as a purchaser or seller of an OCC-issued or exchange-listed put or call option is dependent, in part, upon the liquidity of the particular option market. Among the possible reasons for the absence of a liquid option market on an exchange are: (i) insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions on transactions imposed by an exchange; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities, including reaching daily price limits; (iv) interruption of the normal operations of the OCC or an exchange; (v) inadequacy of the facilities of an exchange or the OCC to handle current trading volume; or (vi) a decision by one or more exchanges to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the relevant market for that option on that exchange would cease to exist, although any such outstanding options on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

 

The hours of trading for listed options may not coincide with the hours during which the underlying financial instruments are traded. To the extent that the option markets close before the markets for the underlying financial instruments, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that would not be reflected in the corresponding option markets.

 

The Adviser of the Fund reserves the right to purchase or sell options on instruments and indices other than those described here and which may be developed in the future to the extent consistent with applicable law, the Fund’s investment objective and the restrictions set forth herein.

 

Options on Stocks and Stock Indices

 

The Fund may purchase put and call options and write covered put and call options on stocks and stock indices in order to hedge against movements in the equity markets or to potentially increase income or gain to the Fund. In addition, the Fund may purchase options on stocks that are traded over-the-counter. Options on stock indices are similar to options on specific securities. However, because options on stock indices do not involve the delivery of an underlying security, the option represents the holder’s right to obtain from the writer cash in an amount equal to a fixed multiple of the amount by which the exercise price exceeds (in the case of a put) or is less than (in the case of a call) the closing value of the underlying stock index on the exercise date. Options are also traded in certain industry or market segment indices such as the Oil Index, the Computer Technology Index, and the Transportation Index. Stock index options are subject to position and exercise limits and other regulations imposed by the exchange on which they are traded.

 

If the Adviser expects general stock market prices to rise, the Fund might purchase a call option on a stock index or a futures contract on that index as a hedge against an increase in prices of particular equity securities it wants ultimately to buy. If the stock index does rise, the price of the particular equity securities intended to be purchased may also increase, but that increase should be offset in part by the increase in the value of the Fund’s index option or futures contract resulting from the increase in the index. If, on the other hand, the Adviser expects general stock market prices to decline, it might purchase a put option or sell a futures contract on the index. If that index does decline, the value of some or all of the equity securities in the Fund’s portfolio may also be expected to decline, but that decrease would be offset in part by the increase in the value of the Fund’s position in such put option or futures contract.

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Options on Currencies

 

The Fund may invest in options on currencies traded on domestic and foreign securities exchanges in order to hedge against currency exchange rate risks or to increase income or gain, as described above in “Currency Transactions.”

 

Options on Futures Contracts

 

The Fund may purchase put and call options and write covered put and call options on futures contracts on stock indices, interest rates and currencies traded on domestic and, to the extent permitted by the CFTC, foreign exchanges, in order to hedge all or a portion of its investments or to increase income or gain and may enter into closing transactions in order to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be affected. An option on a stock index futures contract, interest rate futures contract or currency futures contract, as contrasted with the direct investment in such a contract, gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in the underlying contract at a specified exercise price at any time on or before the expiration date of the option. Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account. The potential loss related to the purchase of an option on a futures contract is limited to the premium paid for the option (plus transaction costs). While the price of the option is fixed at the point of sale, the value of the option does change daily and the change would be reflected in the net asset value of the Fund.

 

The purchase of an option on a financial futures contract involves payment of a premium for the option without any further obligation on the part of the Fund. If the Fund exercises an option on a futures contract it will be obligated to post initial margin (and potentially variation margin) for the resulting futures position just as it would for any futures position. Futures contracts and options thereon are generally settled by entering into an offsetting transaction, but no assurance can be given that a position can be offset prior to settlement or that delivery will occur.

 

Interest Rate and Equity Swaps and Related Transactions

 

The Fund may enter into interest rate and equity swaps and may purchase or sell (i.e., write) interest rate and equity caps, floors and collars. The Fund expects to enter into these transactions in order to hedge against either a decline in the value of the securities included in the Fund’s portfolio, or against an increase in the price of the securities which it plans to purchase, in order to preserve or maintain a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio or to achieve a particular return on cash balances, or in order to increase income or gain. Interest rate and equity swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to make or receive payments based on a notional principal amount. The purchase of an interest rate or equity cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined level, to receive payments on a contractually-based principal amount from the party selling the interest rate or equity cap. The purchase of an interest rate or equity floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined rate, to receive payments on a contractually-based principal amount from the party selling the interest rate or equity floor. A collar is a combination of a cap and a floor which preserve a certain return within a predetermined range of values.

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The Fund will usually enter into interest rate and equity swaps on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out), with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each interest rate or equity swap will generally be accrued on a daily basis, and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate net asset value at least equal to the accrued excess will be designated to cover such liability. If the Fund enters into an interest rate or equity swap on other than a net basis, the Fund will designate the full amount accrued on a daily basis of the Fund’s obligations with respect to the swap.

 

The use of interest rate and equity swaps is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates and other applicable factors, the investment performance of the Fund would diminish compared with what it would have been if these investment techniques were not utilized. Moreover, even if the Adviser is correct in its forecasts, there is a risk that the swap position may correlate imperfectly with the price of the asset or liability being hedged.

 

As is the case with futures and options strategies, the effective use of swaps and related transactions by the Fund may depend, among other things, on the Fund’s ability to terminate the transactions at times when the Adviser deems it desirable to do so. To the extent the Fund does not, or cannot, terminate such a transaction in a timely manner, the Fund may suffer a loss in excess of any amounts that it may have received, or expected to receive, as a result of entering into the transaction.

 

The liquidity of swap agreements will be determined by the Adviser based on various factors, including (i) the frequency of trades and quotations, (ii) the number of dealers and prospective purchasers in the marketplace, (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market, (iv) the nature of the security (including any demand or tender features), and (v) the nature of the marketplace for trades (including the ability to assign or offset the Fund’s rights and obligations relating to the investment).

 

There is no limit on the amount of interest rate and equity swap transactions that may be entered into by the Fund. The effective use of swaps and related transactions by the Fund may depend, among other things, on the Fund’s ability to terminate the transactions at times when the Adviser deems it desirable to do so. Because swaps and related transactions are bilateral contractual arrangements between the Fund and counterparties to the transactions, the Fund’s ability to terminate such an arrangement may be considerably more limited than in the case of an exchange traded instrument. To the extent the Fund does not, or cannot, terminate such a transaction in a timely manner, the Fund may suffer a loss in excess of any amounts that it may have received, or expected to receive, as a result of entering into the transaction. If the other party to a swap defaults, the Fund’s risk of loss is the net amount of payments that the Fund contractually is entitled to receive, if any. The Fund may purchase and sell caps, floors and collars without limitation, subject to the segregated account requirement described above.

 

Credit Default Swaps

 

The Fund may enter into credit default swap contracts for hedging purposes or to add leverage to its portfolio. When used for hedging purposes, the Fund would be the buyer of a credit default swap contract. In that case, the Fund would be entitled to receive the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation, index or other investment from the counterparty to the contract in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or foreign issuer, on the referenced debt obligation. In return, the Fund would pay to the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the Fund would have spent the stream of payments and received no benefit from the contract. When the Fund is the seller of a credit default swap contract, it receives the stream of payments but is obligated to pay upon default of the referenced debt obligation. As the seller, the Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.

13 

 

In addition to the risks applicable to derivatives generally, credit default swaps involve special risks because they are difficult to value, are highly susceptible to liquidity and credit risk, and generally pay a return to the party that has paid the premium only in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation, as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial difficulty.

 

Credit default swaps may be subject to regulation by the CFTC, SEC, or both. Both the CFTC and the SEC have issued guidance and relief regarding the implementation of various provisions of the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) relating to the use of swaps. Further action by the CFTC or SEC may affect a fund’s ability to use credit default swaps or may require additional disclosure by the Fund.

 

Indexed Securities

 

The Fund may purchase securities whose prices are indexed to the prices of other securities, securities indices, currencies, or other financial indicators. Indexed securities typically, but not always, are debt securities or deposits whose value at maturity or coupon rate is determined by reference to a specific instrument or statistic. Currency-indexed securities typically are short-term to intermediate-term debt securities whose maturity values or interest rates are determined by reference to the values of one or more specified foreign currencies, and may offer higher yields than U.S. dollar-denominated securities of equivalent issuers. Currency-indexed securities may be positively or negatively indexed; that is, their maturity value may increase when the specified currency value increases, resulting in a security that performs similarly to a foreign currency-denominated instrument, or their maturity value may decline when foreign currencies increase, resulting in a security whose price characteristics are similar to a put on the underlying currency. Currency-indexed securities may also have prices that depend on the values of a number of different foreign currencies relative to each other.

 

Because the amount of interest and/or principal payments which the issuer of indexed debt securities is obligated to make is linked to the prices of other securities, securities indices, currencies, or other financial indicators, such payments may be significantly greater or less than payment obligations in respect of other types of debt securities. As a result, an investment in indexed debt securities may be considered speculative. Moreover, the performance of indexed securities depends to a great extent on the performance of and may be more volatile than the security, currency, or other instrument to which they are indexed, and may also be influenced by interest rate changes in the United States and abroad. At the same time, indexed securities are subject to the credit risks associated with the issuer of the security, and their values may decline substantially if the issuer’s creditworthiness deteriorates.

 

Losses resulting from the use of derivatives will reduce the Fund’s net asset value, and possibly income, and the losses can be greater than if derivatives had not been used.

 

Combined Transactions

 

The Fund may enter into multiple transactions, including multiple options transactions, multiple futures transactions, multiple currency transactions (including forward currency contracts), multiple interest rate transactions and any combination of futures, options, currency and interest rate transactions, instead of a single derivative, as part of a single or combined strategy when, in the judgment of the Adviser, it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so. A combined transaction will usually contain elements of risk that are present in each of its component transactions. Although combined transactions will normally be entered into by the Fund based on the Adviser’s judgment that the combined strategies will reduce risk or otherwise more effectively achieve the desired portfolio management goal, it is possible that the combination will instead increase the risks or hinder achievement of the Fund’s investment objective.

14 

 

Use of Segregated and Other Special Accounts

 

Use of many derivatives by the Fund will require, among other things, that the Fund designate liquid assets to cover its obligations under the derivative to the extent the Fund’s obligations are not otherwise “covered” through ownership of the underlying security, financial instrument or currency or otherwise. In general, either the full amount of any obligation by the Fund to pay or deliver securities or assets must be covered at all times by the securities, instruments or currency required to be delivered, or, subject to any regulatory restrictions, an amount of liquid assets at least equal to the current amount of the obligation must be designated. A call option on securities written by the Fund, for example, will require the Fund to hold the securities subject to the call (or securities convertible into the needed securities without additional consideration) or to designate liquid securities sufficient to purchase and deliver the securities if the call is exercised. For a call option on an index, the Fund will maintain assets determined to be liquid in accordance with the Fund’s procedures in an amount equal to the value of the underlying index. A put option on securities written by the Fund will require the Fund to designate liquid securities equal to the exercise price.

 

The options entered into by the Fund, including those on securities, currency, financial instruments or indices, and OCC-issued and exchange-listed index options may provide for cash settlement or for physical delivery. In the case of derivative contracts that do not cash settle, for example, the Fund will typically set aside liquid assets equal to the full notional value of the derivative contracts while the positions are open. With respect to certain derivative contracts that do cash settle, however, the Fund may set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligations (i.e., the Fund’s daily net liability) under the derivative contracts, if any, rather than their full notional value. The Fund reserves the right to modify their asset segregation policies in the future to, among other things, comply with any changes in the positions from time to time articulated by the SEC or its staff regarding asset segregation. By setting aside assets equal to only its net obligations under cash-settled derivative contracts, the Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund was required to segregate assets equal to the full notional amount of the derivative contracts.

 

Derivatives may be covered by means other than those described above when consistent with applicable regulatory policies. The Fund may also enter into offsetting transactions so that its combined position, coupled with any segregated assets, equals its net outstanding obligation in related derivatives. The Fund could purchase a put option, for example, if the strike price of that option is the same as or higher than the strike price of a put option sold by the Fund. Moreover, instead of designating assets if it holds a futures contract or forward contract, the Fund could purchase a put option on the same futures contract or forward contract with a strike price as high as or higher than the price of the contract held. Other derivatives may also be offset in combinations. If the offsetting transaction terminates at the time of or after the primary transaction, no segregation is required, but if it terminates prior to that time, assets equal to any remaining obligation would need to be segregated.

15 

 

Risks of Derivatives Outside the United States

 

When conducted outside the United States, derivatives may not be regulated as rigorously as in the United States, may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees, and will be subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities, currencies and other instruments. In addition, the price of any foreign futures or foreign options contract and, therefore, the potential profit and loss thereon, may be affected by any variance in the foreign exchange rate between the time an order is placed and the time it is liquidated, offset or exercised. The value of positions taken as part of non-U.S. derivatives also could be adversely affected by: (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic factors; (ii) lesser availability of data on which to make trading decisions than in the United States; (iii) delays in the Fund’s ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets during nonbusiness hours in the United States; (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the United States; and (v) lower trading volume and liquidity.

 

Short Sales

 

The Fund may make short sales of securities consistent with its strategies. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline.

 

When the Fund makes a short sale, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale as collateral for its obligation to deliver the security upon conclusion of the sale. The Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and is often obligated to pay over any accrued interest and dividends on such borrowed securities.

 

If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time that the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.

 

To the extent that the Fund engages in short sales, it will provide collateral to the broker-dealer and (except in the case of short sales “against the box”) will maintain additional asset coverage in the form of segregated or “earmarked” assets that the Adviser determines to be liquid in accordance with procedures established by the Board and that is equal to the current market value of the securities sold short, or will ensure that such positions are covered by “offsetting” positions, until the Fund replaces the borrowed security. A short sale is “against the box” to the extent that the Fund contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. The Fund may engage in short selling to the extent permitted by the federal securities laws and rules and interpretations thereunder. To the extent the Fund engages in short selling in foreign (non-U.S.) jurisdictions, the Fund will do so to the extent permitted by the laws and regulations of such jurisdiction.

 

Non-U.S. Securities

 

Investors should recognize that investing in the securities of non-U.S. issuers generally, and particularly in emerging market issuers, involves special considerations which are not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. issuers. Investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers may involve risks arising from differences between U.S. and non-U.S. securities markets, including less volume, much greater price volatility in and relative illiquidity of non-U.S. securities markets, different trading and settlement practices, and less governmental supervision and regulation, from changes in currency exchange rates, from high and volatile rates of inflation, from economic, social and political conditions and, as with domestic multinational corporations, from fluctuating interest rates.

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Since most non-U.S. securities are denominated in non-U.S. currencies or traded primarily in securities markets in which settlements are made in non-U.S. currencies, the value of these investments and the net investment income available for distribution to shareholders of the Fund may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency exchange rates or exchange control regulations. Because the Fund may purchase securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies, a change in the value of any such currency against the U.S. dollar will result in a change in the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets and the Fund’s income available for distribution. The Fund’s foreign currency transactions may give rise to ordinary income or loss, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency.

 

In addition, although the Fund’s income may be received or realized in foreign currencies, the Fund will be required to compute and distribute its income in U.S. dollars. Therefore, if the value of a currency relative to the U.S. dollar declines after the Fund’s income has been earned in that currency, translated into U.S. dollars and declared as a dividend, but before payment of such dividend, the Fund could be required to liquidate portfolio securities to pay such dividend. Similarly, if the value of a currency relative to the U.S. dollar declines between the time the Fund incurs expenses or other obligations in U.S. dollars in order to pay such expenses in U.S. dollars will be greater than the equivalent amount in such currency of such expenses at the time they were incurred. Similarly, if the value of a currency relative to the U.S. dollar declines between the time the Fund incurs expenses or other obligations in U.S. dollars and the time the Fund makes those payments, the amount of local currency that must be converted in order to pay such expenses in U.S. dollars will be greater than the corresponding amount of such currency required to be converted at the time the obligations were incurred.

 

Certain markets are in only the earliest stages of development.  There is also a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of investors and financial intermediaries.  Many of such markets also may be affected by developments with respect to more established markets in the region. Brokers in non-U.S. and emerging market countries typically are fewer in number and less capitalized than brokers in the United States.  These factors, combined with the U.S. regulatory requirements for open-end investment companies and the restrictions on foreign investment, result in potentially fewer investment opportunities for the Fund and may have an adverse impact on the investment performance of the Fund.  There generally is less governmental supervision and regulation of exchanges, brokers and issuers in non-U.S. countries than there is in the United States. For example, there may be no comparable provisions under certain non-U.S. laws to insider trading and similar investor protection securities laws that apply with respect to securities transactions consummated in the United States. Further, brokerage commissions and other transaction costs on non-U.S. securities exchanges generally are higher than in the United States. With respect to investments in certain emerging market countries, less comprehensive legal systems may have an adverse impact on the Fund. For example, while the potential liability of a shareholder in a U.S. corporation with respect to acts of the corporation is generally limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment, the notion of limited liability is less clear in emerging market countries. Similarly, the rights of investors in emerging market companies may be more limited than those of shareholders of U.S. corporations.

 

Other investment risks include the possible imposition of foreign withholding taxes on certain amounts of the Fund’s income which may reduce the net return on non-U.S. investments as compared to income received from a U.S. issuer, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign assets and the possible establishment of exchange controls, expropriation, confiscatory taxation, other foreign governmental laws or restrictions which might affect adversely payments due on securities held by the Fund, the lack of extensive operating experience of eligible foreign sub-custodians, and legal limitations on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by a foreign sub-custodian in the event of the sub-custodian’s bankruptcy.

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In addition, there may be less publicly-available information about a non-U.S. issuer than about a U.S. issuer, and non-U.S. issuers may not be subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial record-keeping standards and requirements as U.S. issuers. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of an emerging market country issuer may not reflect its financial position or results of operations in the way they would be reflected had the financial statements been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In addition, for an issuer that keeps accounting records in local currency, inflation accounting rules may require, for both tax and accounting purposes, that certain assets and liabilities be restated on the issuer’s balance sheet in order to express items in terms of currency of constant purchasing power. Inflation accounting may indirectly generate losses or profits. Consequently, financial data may be materially affected by restatements for inflation and may not accurately reflect the real condition of those issuers and securities markets. Finally, in the event of a default of any such foreign obligations, it may be more difficult for the Fund to obtain or enforce a judgment against the issuers of such obligations. The manner in which foreign investors may invest in companies in certain emerging market countries, as well as limitations on such investments, also may have an adverse impact on the operations of the Fund. For example, the Fund may be required in certain of such countries to invest initially through a local broker or other entity and then have the shares purchased re-registered in the name of the Fund. Re-registration may in some instances not be able to occur on a timely basis, resulting in a delay during which the Fund may be denied certain of its rights as an investor.

 

Non-U.S. markets have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have failed to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Further, satisfactory custodial services for investment securities may not be available in some countries having smaller emerging markets, which may result in the Fund incurring additional costs and delays in transporting and custodying such securities outside such countries. Delays in settlement or other problems could result in periods when assets of the Fund are uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of the Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems or the risk of intermediary counterparty failures could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. The inability to dispose of a portfolio security due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in the value of such portfolio security or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the security, could result in possible liability to the purchaser.

 

Securities Related Activities

 

In some countries, banks or other financial institutions may constitute a substantial number of the leading companies or companies with the most actively traded securities. The 1940 Act limits the Fund’s ability to invest in any equity security of an issuer which, in its most recent fiscal year, derived more than 15% of its revenues from “securities related activities,” as defined by the rules thereunder. These provisions may also restrict the Fund’s investments in certain non-U.S. banks and other financial institutions.

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Non-U.S. Sub-custodians

 

Rules adopted under the 1940 Act permit the Fund to maintain its non-U.S. securities and cash in the custody of certain eligible non-U.S. banks and securities depositories.

 

Certain banks in non-U.S. countries may not be eligible sub-custodians for the Fund, in which event the Fund may be precluded from purchasing securities in certain non-U.S. countries in which it otherwise would invest or which may result in the Fund’s incurring additional costs and delays in providing transportation and custody services for such securities outside of such countries. The Fund may encounter difficulties in effecting on a timely basis portfolio transactions with respect to any securities of issuers held outside their countries. Other banks that are eligible non-U.S. sub-custodians may be recently organized or otherwise lack extensive operating experience. In addition, in certain countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by non-U.S. sub-custodians in the event of the bankruptcy of the sub-custodian.

 

Credit Ratings

 

The securities in which the Fund will invest will not be required to meet a minimum rating standard and may not be rated for creditworthiness by any internationally recognized credit rating organization. Such securities, commonly referred to as “junk bonds,” involve significantly greater risks, including price volatility and risk of default of payment of interest and principal than higher rated securities. An investment in the Fund should not be considered as a complete investment program for all investors. Moreover, substantial investments in non-U.S. securities may have adverse tax implications as described under “Taxes.”

 

The Adviser will take various factors into consideration in evaluating the creditworthiness of an issuer. For corporate debt securities, such factors typically include the issuer’s financial resources, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, the operating history of the issuer, and the experience and track record of the issuer’s management. For sovereign debt instruments, these will typically include the economic and political conditions within the issuer’s country, the issuer’s overall and external debt levels and debt service ratios, the issuer’s access to capital markets and other sources of funding, and the issuer’s debt service payment history. The Adviser will also review the ratings, if any, assigned to the security by any recognized rating organizations, although the Adviser’s judgment as to the quality of a debt security may differ from that suggested by the rating published by a rating service. In addition to the foregoing credit analysis, the Adviser will evaluate the relative value of an investment compared with its perceived credit risk. The Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective may be more dependent on the Adviser’s credit analysis than would be the case if it invested in higher quality debt securities. A description of the ratings used by Moody’s, Fitch and S&P is set forth in Appendix A.

 

Emerging Market Countries

 

Certain of the risks associated with international investments and investing in smaller capital markets are heightened for investments in emerging market countries.  For example, some of the currencies of emerging market countries have experienced devaluations relative to the U.S. dollar, and major adjustments have been made periodically in certain of such currencies.  Certain of such countries face serious exchange constraints.   In addition, governments of many emerging market countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector.  In certain cases, the government owns or controls many companies, including the largest in the country.  Accordingly, government actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in developing countries which could affect private sector companies and the Fund, as well as the value of securities in the Fund.

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Investment in certain emerging market securities is restricted or controlled to varying degrees which may at times limit or preclude investment in certain emerging market securities and increase the costs and expenses of the Fund’s portfolio.  Certain emerging market countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons to only a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than other classes, restrict investment opportunities in issuers in industries deemed important to national interests and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors.  Certain emerging market countries may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors which could adversely affect the Fund.  In addition, if deterioration occurs in an emerging market country’s balance of payments, it could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances.  Investing in local markets in emerging market countries may require a portfolio to adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions, each of which may involve additional costs to the Fund.

 

Fixed-Income Securities

 

The Fund may invest in fixed-income securities. Fixed-income securities generally pay a specified rate of interest or dividends, or a rate that is adjusted periodically by reference to some specified index or market rate or other factor. Fixed-income securities may include securities issued by U.S. federal, state, local, and non-U.S. governments and other agencies and instrumentalities, and by a wide range of private or corporate issuers. Fixed-income securities include, among others, bonds, notes, bills, debentures, convertible securities, bank obligations, mortgage and other asset-backed securities, loan participations and assignments and commercial paper.

 

Because interest rates vary, it is impossible to predict the income of the Fund for any particular period. Except to the extent that values are affected independently by other factors such as developments relating to a specific issuer or group of issuers, when interest rates decline, the value of a fixed-income portfolio can generally be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a fixed-income portfolio can generally be expected to decline.  Prices of longer term securities generally increase or decrease more sharply than those of shorter term securities in response to interest rate changes, particularly if such securities were purchased at a discount.  It should be noted that the market values of securities rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities tend to react less to fluctuations in interest rate levels than do those of higher-rated securities.

 

Call or Buy-Back Features

 

In addition, many fixed-income securities contain call or buy-back features that permit their issuers to call or repurchase the securities from their holders.  Such securities may present risks based on payment expectations.  Although the Fund may typically receive a premium if an issuer were to redeem a security, if an issuer exercises such a “call option” and redeems the security during a time of declining interest rates, the Fund may realize a capital loss on its investment if the security was purchased at a premium and the Fund may have to replace the called security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased rate of return to the Fund.

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Mortgage-Related And Other Asset Backed Securities

 

Mortgage-related securities are interests in pools of residential or commercial mortgage loans, including mortgage loans made by savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, commercial banks and others. Pools of mortgage loans are assembled as securities for sale to investors by various governmental, government-related and private organizations. The Fund may also invest in debt securities which are secured with collateral consisting of mortgage-related securities.

 

Mortgage Pass-Through Securities

 

Interests in pools of mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these securities provide a monthly payment which consists of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs which may be incurred. Some mortgage-related securities (such as securities issued by GNMA) are described as “modified pass-through.” These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.

 

The rate of pre-payments on underlying mortgages will affect the price and volatility of a mortgage-related security, and may have the effect of shortening or extending the effective duration of the security relative to what was anticipated at the time of purchase. To the extent that unanticipated rates of pre-payment on underlying mortgages increase in the effective duration of a mortgage-related security, the volatility of such security can be expected to increase.

 

The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage-related securities is GNMA. GNMA is a wholly owned United States Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the United States Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration (the “FHA”), or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (the “VA”).

 

Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government) include FNMA and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”). FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned entirely by private stockholders. FHLMC issues Participation Certificates (“PCs”) which are pass-through securities, each representing an undivided interest in a pool of residential mortgages. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. FNMA and FHLMC have both recently faced scrutiny regarding their accounting practices and policies.

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Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit, which may be issued by governmental entities or private insurers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets the Fund’s investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. The Fund may buy mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees if, through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the originator/servicers and poolers, the Fund determines that the securities meet the Fund’s quality standards. Although the market for such securities is becoming increasingly liquid, securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable.

 

Mortgage-backed securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, are not subject to the Fund’s industry concentration restrictions, set forth below under “Investment Restrictions,” by virtue of the exclusion from that test available to all U.S. Government securities. The assets underlying such securities may be represented by a portfolio of first lien residential mortgages (including both whole mortgage loans and mortgage participation interests) or portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC. Mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-related security may in turn be insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the VA. In the case of private issue mortgage-related securities whose underlying assets are neither U.S. Government securities nor U.S. Government-insured mortgages, to the extent that real properties securing such assets may be located in the same geographical region, the security may be subject to a greater risk of default than other comparable securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments that may affect such region and, ultimately, the ability of residential homeowners to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.

 

Under the direction of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have entered into a joint initiative to develop a common securitization platform for the issuance of a uniform mortgage-backed security (the “Single Security Initiative”), which would generally align the characteristics of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac certificates. The Single Security Initiative was launched in June 2019, and as of this time, the long-term effects it may have on the market for mortgage-backed securities remains uncertain.

 

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”)

 

A CMO is a debt obligation of a legal entity that is collateralized by mortgages and divided into classes. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, on a monthly basis. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans or private mortgage bonds, but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC or FNMA, and their income streams.

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CMOs are structured into multiple classes, often referred to as “tranches,” with each class bearing a different stated maturity and entitled to a different schedule for payments of principal and interest, including pre-payments. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the pre-payment experience of the collateral. In the case of certain CMOs (known as “sequential pay” CMOs), payments of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including pre-payments, are applied to the classes of CMOs in the order of their respective final distribution dates. Thus, no payment of principal will be made on any class of sequential pay CMOs until all other classes having an earlier final distribution date have been paid in full.

 

In a typical CMO transaction, a corporation (“issuer”) issues multiple series (e.g., A, B, C, Z) of CMO bonds (“Bonds”). Proceeds of the Bond offering are used to purchase mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (“Collateral”). The Collateral is pledged to a third party trustee as security for the Bonds. Principal and interest payments from the Collateral are used to pay principal on the Bonds in the order A, B, C, Z. The Series A, B and C Bonds all bear current interest. Interest on the Series Z Bond is accrued and added to principal and a like amount is paid as principal on the Series A, B or C Bond currently being paid off. When the Series A, B, and C Bonds are paid in full, interest and principal on the Series Z Bond begins to be paid currently. CMOs may be less liquid and may exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.

 

Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property. The market for commercial mortgage-backed securities developed more recently and in terms of total outstanding principal amount of issues is relatively small compared to the market for residential single-family mortgage-backed securities. Many of the risks of investing in commercial mortgage-backed securities reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments, and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. Commercial mortgage-backed securities may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.

 

Other Mortgage-Related Securities

 

Other mortgage-related securities include securities other than those described above that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property, including mortgage dollar rolls, CMO residuals or stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”). Other mortgage-related securities may be equity or debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, partnerships, trusts and special purpose entities of the foregoing.

 

CMO Residuals

 

CMO residuals are mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.

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The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses and any management fee of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the pre-payment experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the yield to maturity on CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to pre-payments on the related underlying mortgage assets, in the same manner as an interest only (“IO”) class of stripped mortgage-backed securities. In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described below with respect to stripped mortgage-backed securities, in certain circumstances the Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in a CMO residual.

 

CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. The CMO residual market has only very recently developed and CMO residuals currently may not have the liquidity of other more established securities trading in other markets. Transactions in CMO residuals are generally completed only after careful review of the characteristics of the securities in question. In addition, CMO residuals may, or pursuant to an exemption therefrom, may not have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). CMO residuals, whether or not registered under the 1933 Act, may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability, and may be deemed “illiquid” and subject to the Fund’s limitations on investment in illiquid securities.

 

Adjustable Rate Mortgage Backed Securities

 

Adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities (“ARMBSs”) have interest rates that reset at periodic intervals. Acquiring ARMBSs permits the Fund to participate in increases in prevailing current interest rates through periodic adjustments in the coupons of mortgages underlying the pool on which ARMBSs are based. Such ARMBSs generally have higher current yield and lower price fluctuations than is the case with more traditional fixed-income debt securities of comparable rating and maturity. In addition, when prepayments of principal are made on the underlying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates, the Fund can reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at rates higher than those at which they were previously invested. Mortgages underlying most ARMBSs, however, have limits on the allowable annual or lifetime increases that can be made in the interest rate that the mortgagor pays. Therefore, if current interest rates rise above such limits over the period of the limitation, the Fund, when holding an ARMBS, does not benefit from further increases in interest rates. Moreover, when interest rates are in excess of coupon rates (i.e., the rates being paid by mortgagors) of the mortgages, ARMBSs behave more like fixed-income securities and less like adjustable rate securities and are subject to the risks associated with fixed-income securities. In addition, during periods of rising interest rates, increases in the coupon rate of adjustable rate mortgages generally lag current market interest rates slightly, thereby creating the potential for capital depreciation on such securities.

 

Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities

 

SMBS are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBS may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.

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SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or “PO” class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including pre-payments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated pre-payments of principal, the Fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories.

 

Although SMBS are purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers, these securities were only recently developed. As a result, established trading markets have not yet developed and, accordingly, these securities may be deemed “illiquid” and subject to the Fund’s limitations on investment in illiquid securities.

 

Collateralized Debt Obligations

 

The Fund may invest in collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), which includes collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and other similarly structured securities. CBOs and CLOs are types of asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust which is backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed-income securities. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses.

 

For both CBOs and CLOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the bonds or loans in the trust and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CBO trust or CLO trust typically have higher ratings and lower yields than their underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CBO or CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CBO or CLO securities as a class.

 

The risks of an investment in a CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CDO in which the Fund invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CDOs may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities, however an active dealer market may exist for CDOs allowing a CDO to qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed-income securities discussed elsewhere in this SAI and the Prospectus (e.g., interest rate risk and default risk), CDOs carry additional risks including, but are not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the Fund may invest in CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.

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Mortgage “Dollar Roll” Transactions

 

The Fund may enter into mortgage “dollar roll” transactions with selected banks and broker-dealers. In a dollar roll, the Fund sells mortgage-backed securities and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar (same type, coupon and maturity) securities on a specified future day. The Fund will only enter into covered rolls. A “covered roll” is a specific type of dollar roll for which there is an offsetting cash or cash equivalent security position which matures on or before the forward settlement date of the dollar roll transaction. Covered rolls are not treated as a borrowing or other senior security and will be excluded from the calculation of the Fund’s borrowings and other senior securities. For financial reporting and U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund treats mortgage dollar rolls as two separate transactions: one involving the purchase of a security and a separate transaction involving a sale. The Fund does not currently intend to enter into mortgage dollar roll transactions that are accounted for as financing.

 

Consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies, the Fund also may invest in other types of asset-backed securities.

 

Bank Obligations

 

Bank obligations that may be purchased by the Fund include certificates of deposit, banker’s acceptances and fixed time deposits.  A certificate of deposit is a short-term negotiable certificate issued by a commercial bank against funds deposited in the bank and is either interest-bearing or purchased on a discount basis.  A banker’s acceptance is a short-term draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower, usually in connection with an international commercial transaction.  The borrower is liable for payment, as is the bank, which unconditionally guarantees to pay the draft at its face amount on the maturity date.  Fixed time deposits are obligations of branches of U.S. or non-U.S. banks which are payable at a stated maturity date and bear a fixed rate of interest.  Although fixed time deposits do not have a market, there are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in the deposit to a third party.  Bank obligations may be general obligations of the parent bank or may be limited to the issuing branch by the terms of the specific obligations or by government regulation.   Securities issued or guaranteed by non-U.S. banks and non-U.S. branches of U.S. banks are subject to many of the risks of investing in non-U.S. securities generally.

 

Banks are subject to extensive governmental regulations which may limit both the amounts and types of loans and other financial commitments which may be made and interest rates and fees which may be charged.  The profitability of this industry is to a significant extent dependent upon the availability and cost of capital of funds used by the bank to finance its lending operations.  Also, general economic conditions play an important part in the operations of this industry and exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers might affect a bank’s ability to meet its obligations.

 

Initial Public Offerings

 

The Fund may purchase shares in initial public offerings (“IPO”). Because IPO shares frequently are volatile in price, the Fund may hold IPO shares for a very short period of time. This may increase the turnover of the Fund’s portfolio and may lead to increased expenses to the Fund, such as commissions and transaction costs. By selling shares, the Fund may realize taxable capital gains that it will subsequently distribute to shareholders. Investing in IPOs has added risks because their shares are frequently volatile in price. As a result, their performance can be more volatile and they face greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility of the Fund’s portfolio.

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Convertible Securities

 

The Fund may invest in convertible securities, which are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stock or other securities, which may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock of the same or different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula.  A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged.  Before conversion, convertible securities ordinarily provide a stream of income, which generate higher yields than those of common stocks of the same or similar issuers but lower than the yield on non-convertible debt.  Convertible securities are usually subordinate or are comparable to non-convertible securities but rank senior to common stock or shares in a company’s capital structure.   The value of a convertible security is a function of (i) its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege and (ii) its worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock.  Convertible securities are typically issued by smaller capitalized companies whose stock prices may be volatile.  The price of a convertible security often reflects such variations in the price of the underlying common stock in a way that non-convertible debt does not.  A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument.

 

High Yield Securities

 

The Fund may invest in high yield securities.  High yield securities are considered speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligations.  Under rating agency guidelines, any quality and protective characteristics of high yield securities will likely be outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.  Medium and lower rated securities may have poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing, may have a current identifiable vulnerability to default, may be unlikely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal when due in the event of adverse business, financial or economic conditions, and/or may be in default or not current in the payment of interest or principal. The Fund’s achievements of its objective may be more dependent on the Adviser’s own credit analysis than is the case with funds that invest in higher rated fixed-income securities.

 

Changes in Credit Ratings.  Changes by recognized rating services in their ratings of a high yield security and in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal may also affect the value of these investments.  A description of the ratings used by Moody’s, Fitch and S&P is set forth in Appendix A to this SAI.  The ratings of Moody’s, Fitch and S&P generally represent the opinions of those organizations as to the quality of the securities that they rate.  Such ratings, however, are relative and subjective, are not absolute standards of quality, are subject to change and do not evaluate the market risk or liquidity of the securities. Ratings of a non-U.S. debt instrument, to the extent that those ratings are undertaken, are related to evaluations of the country in which the issuer of the instrument is located, which may cause a rating to be lower than would otherwise by suggested by the intrinsic creditworthiness of the issuer.

 

Liquidity.  The secondary markets for high yield securities are not as liquid as the secondary markets for higher rated securities.  The secondary markets for high yield securities are concentrated in relatively few market makers and participants in the market are mostly institutional investors, including insurance companies, banks, other financial institutions and mutual funds.  In addition, the trading volume for high yield securities is generally lower than that for higher-rated securities and the secondary markets could contract under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer, decreasing the liquidity of the high yield securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.  These factors may have an adverse effect on the ability of the Fund to dispose of particular portfolio investments at the price it would wish, may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value per share and may limit the ability of the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing securities and calculating net asset value.

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Legislative and Regulatory Developments.  Prices for high yield securities may be affected by legislative and regulatory developments.  These laws could adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value and investment practices, the secondary market for high yield securities, the financial condition of issuers of these securities and the value of outstanding high yield securities.  For example, federal legislation requiring the divestiture by federally insured savings and loan associations of their investments in high yield bonds and limiting the deductibility of interest by certain corporate issuers of high yield bonds adversely affected the market in prior years.

 

High Yield Corporate Securities. While the market values of securities rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities tend to react less to fluctuations in interest rate levels than do those of higher-rated securities, the values of certain of these securities also tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic conditions than higher-rated securities.  In addition, such securities present a higher degree of credit risk.  Issuers of these securities are often highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them, so that their ability to service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of rising interest rates may be impaired.  The risk of loss due to default by such issuers is significantly greater than with investment grade securities because such securities generally are unsecured and subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness.  The Fund also may incur additional expenses to the extent that it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings. These risks may be greater for non-U.S. high yield securities especially those of issuers located in emerging markets.

 

The development of markets for high yield corporate securities has been a relatively recent phenomenon, especially outside the United States.  In addition, these markets have undergone significant changes in the past and may undergo significant changes in the future.

 

Most of the high yield securities in which the Fund invests will bear interest at fixed rates but the Fund may also invest in securities with variable rates of interest or which involve equity features, such as contingent interest or participations based on revenues, sales or profits (i.e., interest or other payments, often in addition to a fixed rate of return, that are based on the borrower’s attainment of specified levels of revenues, sales or profits and thus enable the holder of the security to share in the potential success of the venture).

 

High Yield Non-U.S. Debt Securities. Investing in fixed and floating rate high yield non-U.S. debt securities, especially those of issuers located in emerging market countries, will expose the Fund to the direct or indirect consequences of political, social or economic changes in the countries that issue the securities or in which the issuers are located, in addition to the risks of investing in high yield securities generally.  For example, the ability and willingness of sovereign obligors in emerging market countries or the governmental authorities that control repayment of their external debt to pay principal and interest on such debt when due may depend on general economic and political conditions within the relevant country.  Certain countries in which the Fund may invest, especially emerging market countries, have historically experienced, and may continue to experience, high rates of inflation, high interest rates, exchange rate trade difficulties and extreme poverty and unemployment.  Many of these countries are also characterized by political uncertainty or instability.  Additional factors which may influence the ability or willingness to service debt include, but are not limited to, an issuer’s (including sovereign issuers) cash flow situation, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, and the relative size of its debt service burden.  Non-U.S. issuers, including government issuers, may also have debt (such as commercial bank debt) which is senior to its high yield securities.

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The ability of a non-U.S. sovereign obligor, especially an obligor in an emerging market country, to make timely payments on its external debt obligations will also be strongly influenced by the obligor’s balance of payments, including export performance, its access to international credit and investments, fluctuations in interest rates and the extent of its foreign reserves, and the issuing government’s policy toward the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and other international agencies.  A country whose exports are concentrated in a few commodities or whose economy depends on certain strategic imports could be vulnerable to fluctuations in international prices of these commodities or imports.  To the extent that a country receives payment for its exports in currencies other than dollars, its ability to make debt payments denominated in dollars could be adversely affected.  If a non-U.S. sovereign obligor cannot generate sufficient earnings from foreign trade to service its external debt, it may need to depend on continuing loans and aid from foreign governments, commercial banks and multilateral organizations, and inflows of foreign investment.  The commitment on the part of these foreign governments, multilateral organizations and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on the government’s implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of its obligations.  Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties’ commitments to lend funds, which may further impair the obligor’s ability or willingness to timely service its debts.  The cost of servicing external debt will also generally be adversely affected by rising international interest rates, because many external debt obligations bear interest at rates which are adjusted based upon international interest rates.  The ability to service external debt will also depend on the level of the relevant government’s international currency reserves and its access to foreign exchange.  Currency devaluations may affect the ability of an issuer to obtain sufficient foreign exchange to service its debt. The risks enumerated above are particularly heightened with regard to issuers in emerging market countries.

 

As a result of the foregoing or other factors, a governmental obligor, especially an obligor in an emerging market country, may default on its obligations.  If such an event occurs, the Fund may have limited legal recourse against the issuer and/or guarantor.  Remedies must, in some cases, be pursued in the courts of the defaulting party itself, and the ability of the holder of non-U.S. sovereign debt securities to obtain recourse may be subject to the political climate in the relevant country.

 

Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities

 

The Fund may purchase securities on a firm commitment basis, including when-issued securities.  Securities purchased on a firm commitment basis are purchased for delivery beyond the normal settlement date at a stated price and yield.  No income accrues to the purchaser of a security on a firm commitment basis prior to delivery.  Such securities are recorded as an asset and are subject to changes in value based upon changes in the general level of interest rates.  Purchasing a security on a firm commitment basis can involve a risk that the market price at the time of delivery may be lower than the agreed upon purchase price, in which case there could be an unrealized loss at the time of delivery.  The Fund will only make commitments to purchase securities on a firm commitment basis with the intention of actually acquiring the securities, but may sell them before the settlement date if it is deemed advisable.  The Fund will designate liquid assets in an amount at least equal in value to the Fund’s commitments to purchase securities on a firm commitment basis.  If the value of these assets declines, the Fund will place additional liquid assets in the account on a daily basis so that the value of the assets in the account is equal to the amount of such commitments.

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Floating and Variable Rate Instruments

 

The Fund may invest in floating and variable rate obligations. Floating or variable rate obligations bear interest at rates that are not fixed, but vary with changes in specified market rates or indices, such as the prime rate, and at specified intervals. The variable rate obligations in which the Fund may invest include variable rate master demand notes, which are unsecured instruments issued pursuant to an agreement between the issuer and the holder that permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary and provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate.

 

Certain of the floating or variable rate obligations that may be purchased by the Fund may carry a demand feature that would permit the holder to tender them back to the issuer of the instrument or to a third party at par value prior to maturity.  Some of the demand instruments purchased by the Fund are not traded in a secondary market and derive their liquidity solely from the ability of the holder to demand repayment from the issuer or third party providing credit support.  If a demand instrument is not traded in a secondary market, the Fund will nonetheless treat the instrument as liquid for the purposes of its investment restriction limiting investments in illiquid securities unless the demand feature has a notice period of more than seven days; if the notice period is greater than seven days, such a demand instrument will be characterized as illiquid for such purpose.   The Fund’s right to obtain payment at par on a demand instrument could be affected by events occurring between the date the Fund elects to demand payment and the date payment is due that may affect the ability of the issuer of the instrument or a third party providing credit support to make payment when due.  To facilitate settlement, some demand instruments may be held in book entry form at a bank other than the Fund’s custodian subject to a sub-custodian agreement approved by the Fund between that bank and the Fund’s custodian.

 

Inflation-Indexed Bonds

 

Inflation-indexed bonds are fixed-income securities whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the CPI accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.

 

Inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury have maturities of five, ten or twenty years, although it is possible that securities with other maturities will be issued in the future. The U.S. Treasury securities pay interest on a semiannual basis, equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. For example, if the Fund purchased an inflation-indexed bond with a par value of $1,000 and a 3% real rate of return coupon (payable 1.5% semi-annually), and inflation over the first six months were 1%, the mid-year par value of the bond would be $1,010 and the first semi-annual interest payment would be $15.15 ($1,010 times 1.5%). If inflation during the second half of the year resulted in the whole year’s inflation equaling 3%, the end-of-year par value of the bond would be $1,030 and the second semi-annual interest payment would be $15.45 ($1,030 times 1.5%).

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If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed, and will fluctuate. The Fund may also invest in other inflation related bonds which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal. The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation.

 

Interest-Only Securities

 

Interest only securities (“IOs”) are a form of stripped mortgage security.  Stripped mortgage securities may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing. The risk of early prepayment is the primary risk associated with IOs.

 

Stripped mortgage securities are structured with two or more classes of securities that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets.  IOs are one class of a stripped mortgage security that receives all of the interest (while another class will receive all of the principal (“POs” or “principal only class”)).

 

Loan Participations and Assignments

 

The Fund may invest in loan participations and assignments.  The Fund considers loan participations and assignments to be investments in debt securities.  Loan participations typically will result in the Fund having a contractual relationship only with the lender, not with the borrower.  The Fund will have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the lender selling the participation and only upon receipt by the lender of the payments from the borrower.  Under a loan participation, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement relating to the loan, nor any rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Fund may not benefit directly from any collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation.  As a result, the Fund will assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the lender that is selling the participation.  In the event of the insolvency of the lender selling a participation, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the lender and may not benefit from any set-off between the lender and the borrower.  When the Fund purchases assignments of loans from lenders, the Fund will acquire direct rights against the borrower on the loan, except that under certain circumstances such rights may be more limited than those held by the assigning lender.

 

The Fund may have difficulty disposing of assignments and loan participations.  In many cases the market for such instruments is not highly liquid, and therefore the Fund anticipates that in such cases such instruments could be sold only to a limited number of institutional investors.  The lack of a highly liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the value of such instruments and will have an adverse impact on the Fund’s ability to dispose of particular assignments or loan participations in response to a specific economic event, such as deterioration in the creditworthiness of the borrower or the ability to dispose of them at the price issued.

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Money Market Instruments/Securities

 

The Fund may hold money market instruments, including commercial paper, bankers acceptances, certificates of deposit and other short term debt securities as ancillary liquid assets.

 

Restricted Securities and Securities With Limited Trading Markets (Rule 144A)

 

The Fund may purchase securities for which there is a limited trading market or which are subject to restrictions on resale to the public.  If the Fund were to acquire substantial positions in securities with limited trading markets, the activities of the Fund could have an adverse effect upon the liquidity and marketability of such securities and the Fund might not be able to dispose of its holdings in those securities at then current market prices.  Circumstances could also exist (to satisfy redemptions, for example) when portfolio securities might have to be sold by the Fund at times which otherwise might be considered to be disadvantageous so that the Fund might receive lower proceeds from such sales than it had expected to realize.  Investments in securities which are “restricted” may involve added expenses to the Fund should the Fund be required to bear registration costs with respect to such securities and could involve delays in disposing of such securities which might have an adverse effect upon the price and timing of sales of such securities and the liquidity of the Fund with respect to redemptions.  Restricted securities and securities for which there is a limited trading market may be significantly more difficult to value due to the unavailability of reliable market quotations for such securities, and investment in such securities may have an adverse impact on net asset value.  The Fund may purchase Rule 144A securities for which there may be a secondary market of qualified institutional buyers as contemplated by Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. Liquidity determinations with respect to Rule 144A securities will be made by the Board or by the Adviser pursuant to guidelines established by the Board. The Fund’s holdings of Rule 144A securities which are considered liquid securities will not be subject to the Fund’s applicable limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

 

The Fund may purchase Rule 144A securities on certain exchanges.  These markets provide access to only institutional and highly sophisticated investors. They allow private companies to raise capital without the disclosure requirements of public markets and follow specific SEC rules to avoid certain disclosure requirements. Under these rules, companies are able to sell securities without registering them if the issued securities are limited to qualified institutional buyers (investors with at least $100 million in assets), and there are less than 500 shareholders.  The market is run through a proprietary trading system. This system allows the members of the exchange to view bid and ask offers and recent sales. Actual transactions are made through special brokers.  Because of the lack of disclosure in these markets, shares are expected to trade at a discount to the equivalent price achievable if the shares were listed on a public market.  Companies utilizing these markets however, believe that the ability to avoid disclosure requirements of public markets is more important than receiving the higher price available from a public exchange listing.

 

U.S. Government Securities

 

The Fund may invest in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies or instrumentalities.  U.S. government securities in general include a wide variety of U.S. Treasury obligations consisting of bills, notes and bonds, which principally differ only in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance.  Securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities are debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities established or sponsored by the U.S. government and may be backed only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality.  The Fund will invest in such obligations only where the Adviser is satisfied that the credit risk with respect to the issuer is minimal.

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Securities issued by the U.S. Treasury generally do not involve the credit risks associated with investments in other types of fixed-income securities, although, as a result, the yields available from these securities are generally lower than the yields available from corporate fixed-income securities. Like other debt securities, however, the values of U.S. government securities change as interest rates fluctuate, which could affect the Fund’s net asset value. Since the magnitude of these fluctuations will generally be greater at times when the Fund’s average maturity is longer, under certain market conditions the Fund may, for temporary defensive purposes, accept lower current income from short-term investments rather than investing in higher yielding long-term securities. Some U.S. Government securities (such as Fannie Maes and Freddie Macs) are guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest by the relevant entity (e.g., FNMA or FHLMC) but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Therefore, the securities would generally be neither the securities issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury.

 

Zero Coupon Securities, Pay-In-Kind Bonds and Deferred Payment Securities

 

The Fund may invest in zero coupon securities, pay-in-kind bonds and deferred payment securities.   Zero coupon securities are debt securities that pay no cash income but are sold at substantial discounts from their value at maturity.  When a zero coupon security is held to maturity, its entire return, which consists of the amortization of discount, comes from the difference between its purchase price and its maturity value.  This difference is known at the time of purchase, so that investors holding zero coupon securities until maturity know at the time of their investment what the expected return on their investment will be.  Zero coupon securities may have conversion features.  The Fund also may purchase pay-in-kind bonds.  Pay-in-kind bonds pay all or a portion of their interest in the form of debt or equity securities.  Deferred payment securities are securities that remain zero coupon securities until a predetermined date, at which time the stated coupon rate becomes effective and interest becomes payable at regular intervals.

 

Zero coupon securities, pay-in-kind bonds and deferred payment securities tend to be subject to greater price fluctuations in response to changes in interest rates than are ordinary interest-paying debt securities with similar maturities. The value of zero coupon securities appreciates more during periods of declining interest rates and depreciates more during periods of rising interest rates than ordinary interest-paying debt securities with similar maturities.  Zero coupon securities, pay-in-kind bonds and deferred payment securities may be issued by a wide variety of corporate and governmental issuers.  Although these instruments are generally not traded on a national securities exchange, they are widely traded by brokers and dealers and, to such extent, will not generally be considered illiquid for the purposes of the Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

 

Current U.S. federal income tax law requires the holder of a zero coupon security, certain pay-in-kind bonds, deferred payment securities and certain other securities acquired at a discount to accrue income with respect to these securities prior to the receipt of cash payments.  Accordingly, to avoid liability for U.S. federal income and excise taxes, the Fund may be required to distribute income accrued with respect to these securities and may have to dispose of portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances in order to generate cash to satisfy these distribution requirements. Tax legislation enacted in 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”) requires accrual-method taxpayers to recognize items of gross income for tax purposes no later than the year in which the taxpayer recognizes the income for financial accounting purposes. The 2017 legislation is effective for debt instruments having original issue discount for tax years beginning after December 31, 2018. It is uncertain whether the 2017 Tax Act accelerate the recognition by the Fund of original issue discount for income tax purposes.

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OTHER PRACTICES

 

Borrowing

 

Borrowing creates an opportunity for increased return, but, at the same time, creates special risks.  Furthermore, if the Fund were to engage in borrowing, an increase in interest rates could reduce the value of the Fund’s shares by increasing the Fund’s interest expense.

 

Subject to the limitations described under “Investment Limitations” below, the Fund may be permitted to borrow for temporary purposes and/or for investment purposes. Such a practice will result in leveraging of the Fund’s assets and may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so. This borrowing may be secured or unsecured. Provisions of the 1940 Act require the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets made for temporary administrative purposes. Any borrowings for temporary administrative purposes in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets will count against this asset coverage requirement. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint if the Fund sells securities at that time.  Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs which may or may not be recovered by appreciation of the securities purchased, if any. The Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowings or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

 

Depositary Receipts

 

Depositary receipts include sponsored and unsponsored depositary receipts that are or become available, including American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and other depositary receipts.  Depositary receipts are typically issued by a financial institution (“depositary”) and evidence ownership interests in a security or a pool of securities (“underlying securities”) that have been deposited with the depositary.  The depositary for ADRs is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer.  ADRs are publicly traded on exchanges or OTC in the United States and are issued through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” arrangements.  In a sponsored ADR arrangement, the non-U.S. issuer assumes the obligation to pay some or all of the depositary’s transaction fees, whereas under an unsponsored arrangement, the non-U.S. issuer assumes no obligation and the depositary’s transaction fees are paid by the ADR holders. In addition, less information is available in the United States about an unsponsored ADR than about a sponsored ADR, and the financial information about a company may not be as reliable for an unsponsored ADR as it is for a sponsored ADR.  In the case of GDRs, the depositary can be a non-U.S. or a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. GDRs allow companies in Europe, Asia, the United States and Latin America to offer shares in many markets around the world, thus allowing them to raise capital in these markets, as opposed to just in their home market.  The advantage of GDRs is that shares do not have to be bought through the issuing company’s home exchange, which may be difficult and expensive, but can be bought on all major stock exchanges.  In addition, the share price and all dividends are converted to the shareholder’s home currency.  As for other depositary receipts, the depositary may be a non-U.S. or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may have a non-U.S. or a U.S. issuer.  For purposes of the Fund’s investment policies, investments in depositary receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities.  Thus, a depositary receipt representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock.  Depositary receipts purchased by the Fund may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted, in which case the Fund may be exposed to relative currency fluctuations.

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Illiquid Securities

 

The Fund may invest up to 15% of the value of its net assets in illiquid securities. The term “illiquid securities” for this purpose means securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the securities. Illiquid securities are considered to include, among other things, written OTC options, securities or other liquid assets being used as cover for such options, repurchase agreements with maturities in excess of seven days, certain loan participation interests, fixed time deposits which are not subject to prepayment or provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits), and other securities whose disposition is restricted under the federal securities laws.

 

To the extent that liquid assignments and loan participations that the Fund holds become illiquid due to the lack of sufficient buyers or market or other conditions, the percentage of the Fund’s assets invested in illiquid assets would increase.  The Adviser, under the supervision of the Board, monitors Fund investments in assignments and loan participations and will, in such a case, consider appropriate measures to enable the Fund to maintain sufficient liquidity for operating purposes and to meet redemption requests.

 

Loans of Portfolio Securities

 

The Fund may lend portfolio securities to brokers or dealers or other financial institutions in accordance with policies and procedures of the Trust, as may be adopted from time to time.   The procedure for the lending of securities will typically include the following features and conditions.  The collateral will consist either of U.S. Government Securities or the borrower of the securities will deposit cash with the Fund in an amount equal to a minimum of 100% of the market value of the securities lent. The Fund will seek to invest the collateral in short-term debt securities, cash equivalents (or pooled investment vehicle interests in cash, cash equivalents and short-term debt instruments) and earn the income thereon.  A negotiated portion of the income so earned may be paid to the borrower or the broker who arranged the loan.  The collateral will be marked to market daily, and if the value of the collateral drops below the required minimum at any time, the borrower may typically be called upon to post additional collateral.  These will be “demand” loans and may be terminated by the Fund at any time.  The Fund will receive any dividends and interest paid on the securities lent, although the U.S. federal income tax characteristics of such payment may change.  The Fund’s performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned.

 

These transactions must be fully collateralized at all times, but involve some credit risk to the Fund if the borrower or the party (if any) guaranteeing the loan should default on its obligations. In the event of the default or bankruptcy of the other party to a securities loan, the Fund could experience delays in recovering the securities it lent.  To the extent that, in the meantime, the value of the securities a Fund lent has increased or the value of the collateral decreased, the Fund could experience a loss.  In the event of a default by the borrower, the Fund will, if permitted by law, dispose of such collateral except that the Fund may retain any such part thereof that is a security in which the Fund is permitted to invest.

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Although voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Fund, as the lender, generally retains the right to call the loans and obtain the return of the securities loaned at any time on reasonable notice, and it will attempt to do so in order that the securities may be voted by the Fund if the holders of such securities are asked to vote upon or consent to matters which the Adviser believes materially affect the investment; however, the Fund may not be able to recall the securities in time for the Fund to be the owner on the record date for determining shareholders entitled to vote or consent on the matter.  The Fund may typically also call such loans in order to sell the securities involved.

 

Repurchase Agreements

 

The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which the seller of a security commits itself at the time of sale to repurchase that security from the buyer at a mutually agreed upon time and price.  The resale price is in excess of the purchase price and reflects an agreed-upon market interest rate unrelated to the coupon rate on the purchased security. Such transactions afford the Fund the opportunity to earn a return on temporarily available cash at relatively low market risk.  The Adviser monitors the value of the securities underlying the repurchase agreement at the time the transaction is entered into and at all times during the term of the repurchase agreement to ensure that the value of the securities always equals or exceeds the repurchase price.  The Fund requires that additional securities be deposited if the value of the securities purchased decreases below their resale price and does not bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under the repurchase obligation.

 

While the underlying security may be a bill, certificate of indebtedness, note or bond issued by an agency, authority or instrumentality of the U.S. government, the obligation of the seller is not guaranteed by the U.S. government and there is a risk that the seller may fail to repurchase the underlying security. In such event, the Fund would attempt to exercise rights with respect to the underlying security, including possible disposition in the market. However, the Fund may be subject to various delays and risks of loss, including (i) possible declines in the value of the underlying security during the period while the Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto, (ii) possible reduced levels of income and lack of access to income during this period, and (iii) inability to enforce rights and the expenses involved in the attempted enforcement.

 

Repurchase agreements with maturities of more than seven days will be treated as illiquid securities.

 

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

 

The Fund may enter into “reverse” repurchase agreements to avoid selling securities during unfavorable market conditions to meet redemptions.  Pursuant to a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund will sell portfolio securities and agree to repurchase them from the buyer at a particular date and price.  Whenever the Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will establish a segregated account in which it will maintain liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the repurchase price marked to market daily (including accrued interest), and will subsequently monitor the account to ensure that such equivalent value is maintained.  The Fund pays interest on amounts obtained pursuant to reverse repurchase agreements.  Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings by the Fund.

36

 

INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS

 

Fundamental Investment Restrictions

 

The following is a description of the Fund’s fundamental investment restrictions. “Fundamental” restrictions are those that may not be changed without the vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. Under the 1940 Act, the vote of a majority of the outstanding securities of a company means the vote, at the annual or a special meeting of the security holders of such company duly called: (A) of 67 percent or more of the voting securities present at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting securities of such company are present or represented by proxy; or (B) of more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting securities of such company, whichever is less.

 

In contrast, non-fundamental investment restrictions (which include the Fund’s investment objective and each of the other investment restrictions set forth in the Prospectus or this SAI) may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

 

The percentages set forth below and the percentage limitations set forth in the Prospectus apply at the time of the purchase of a security and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of a purchase of such security. For purposes of the fundamental restrictions set forth below, “total assets” means net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

The Fund may not:

 

(1) With respect to 75% of its total assets, purchase securities of an issuer (other than the U.S. Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or authorities, or repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government securities, and securities of other investment companies) if: (a) such purchase would, at the time, cause more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets taken at market value to be invested in the securities of such issuer or (b) such purchase would, at the time, result in more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer being held by the Fund;

 

(2) Purchase securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry or group of industries (excluding the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities);

 

(3) Borrow money, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act;

 

(4) Make loans, except that the Fund may purchase or hold debt instruments in accordance with its investment objectives and policies; provided however, this restriction does not apply to repurchase agreements or loans of portfolio securities;

 

(5) Act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers except that, in the disposition of portfolio securities, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under the federal securities laws;

 

(6) Purchase or sell real estate, although the Fund may purchase securities of issuers which deal in real estate, securities which are secured by interests in real estate, and securities which represent interests in real estate, and they may acquire and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of their rights as a holder of debt obligations secured by real estate or interests therein;

37

 

(7) Purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and options, may enter into foreign exchange contracts and may enter into swap agreements and other financial transactions not requiring the delivery of physical commodities, including but not limited to, purchasing or selling commodity exchange-traded funds or exchange-traded notes; or

 

(8) Issue senior securities, except for permitted borrowings or as otherwise permitted under the 1940 Act.

 

For the purposes of Restriction (2), the Disciplined Growth Investors Fund currently intends to use the Russell Global Sector Classifications (“RGS”). The use of any particular industry classification system with respect to Restriction (2) is not a fundamental policy of the Fund. The Fund may use other classification titles, standards, and systems from time to time, as it determines to be in the best interests of shareholders. Restrictions (3) and (8) above shall be interpreted based upon no-action letters and other pronouncements of the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Under current pronouncements, certain Fund positions may be excluded from the definition of “senior security” so long as the Fund maintains adequate cover, segregation of assets or otherwise. See “Borrowing” above.

 

Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions

 

In addition, it is contrary to the Fund’s present policy, which may be changed without shareholder vote, to purchase any illiquid security, including any securities whose disposition is restricted under federal securities laws and securities that are not readily marketable, if, as a result, more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets (based on current value) would then be invested in such securities. The staff of the SEC is presently of the view that repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days are subject to this restriction. Until that position is revised, modified or rescinded, the Fund will conduct its operations in a manner consistent with this view. This limitation on investment in illiquid securities does not apply to certain restricted securities, including securities pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and certain commercial paper, that the Adviser has determined to be liquid under procedures approved by the Board.

 

Master/Feeder Structure

 

In lieu of investing directly, the Board may consider whether the Fund’s investment objective would be furthered by converting to a master/feeder structure, pursuant to which the Fund would invest all of its investable assets in an investment company having substantially the same investment objective and policies as the Fund. The master/feeder structure is an arrangement that allows several investment companies with different shareholder-related features or distribution channels, but having substantially the same investment objectives, policies and restrictions, to combine their investments by investing all of their assets in the same portfolio instead of managing them separately.

 

Conversion to a master/feeder structure may serve to attract other collective investment vehicles with different shareholder servicing or distribution arrangements and with shareholders that would not have invested in the Fund. In addition, a master/feeder structure may serve as an alternative for large, institutional investors in the Fund who may prefer to offer separate, proprietary investment vehicles and who otherwise might establish such vehicles outside of the Fund’s current operational structure. No assurance can be given, however, that the master/feeder structure will result in the Fund stabilizing its expenses or achieving greater operational efficiencies.

 

The Fund’s methods of operation and shareholder services would not be materially affected by the investment in another investment company (“Master Fund”) having substantially the same investment objective and policies as the Fund, except that the assets of the Fund may be managed as part of a larger pool of assets. If the Fund invested all of its assets in a Master Fund, it would hold beneficial interests in the Master Fund and the Master Fund would directly invest in accordance with the objectives and policies described for the Fund. The Fund would otherwise continue its normal operation. The Board would retain the right to withdraw the Fund’s investment from a Master Fund at any time it determines that it would be in the best interest to shareholders to do so. The Fund would then resume investing directly in individual securities of other issuers or invest in another Master Fund.

38

 

If the Board determines that a conversion to a master/feeder structure is in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders, it will consider and evaluate specific proposals prior to the implementation of the Fund’s conversion and its shareholders would be notified in advance of any such conversion.

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

 

Purchases and sales of portfolio securities may be made as considered advisable by the Adviser in the best interests of the shareholders. The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. The Fund’s distributions of any net short-term capital gains realized from portfolio transactions are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In addition, higher portfolio turnover rates can result in corresponding increases in portfolio transaction costs for the Fund. See “Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage” in this SAI.

 

For reporting purposes, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the fiscal year. In determining such portfolio turnover, all securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less are excluded. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur, for example, if all of the securities in the Fund’s investment portfolio (other than short-term money market securities) were replaced once during the fiscal year. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor should the Adviser deem it advisable to purchase or sell securities.

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

This Policy sets forth the conditions under which Portfolio Holdings data for the Trust on behalf of the Fund may be disclosed to Third Parties (which may include the public) and Service Providers. No data about the Fund may be disclosed except in accordance with this Policy.

 

Portfolio Holdings data includes, but is not limited to, the following information about the Fund: (i) specific securities held; (ii) industry sector breakdowns as a percentage of portfolio net assets; (iii) asset composition (e.g., equities versus bonds); (iv) U.S. versus foreign holdings percentage breakdowns and regional breakdowns (e.g., Asia, North America); and (v) top 10 portfolio holdings in order of position size, including percentage of portfolio.

 

“Third Parties” or a “Third Party” means a person other than a Service Provider, an employee of a Service Provider, a Trustee of the Board, or an officer of the Fund.

 

“Service Providers” or a “Service Provider” includes, but is not limited to, the investment adviser, administrator, custodian, transfer agent, fund accountant, principal underwriter, software or technology service providers, pricing and proxy voting service providers, research and trading service providers, auditors, accountants, and legal counsel, or any other entity that has a need to know such information in order to fulfill their contractual obligations to provide services to the Fund.

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Policy Overview

 

The Board has adopted, on behalf of the Fund, policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Portfolio Holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to protect the confidentiality of the Portfolio Holdings’ information and to prevent the selective disclosure of such information. These policies and procedures may be modified at any time with the approval of the Board.

 

In order to protect the Fund from any trading practices or other use by a Third Party that could harm the Fund, Portfolio Holdings’ and other Fund-specific information must not be selectively released or disclosed except under the circumstances described below.

 

The Board will periodically review the list of entities that have received, other than through public channels, Portfolio Holdings data, to ensure that the disclosure of the information was in the best interest of shareholders, identify any potential for conflicts of interest and evaluate the effectiveness of its current portfolio holding policy.

 

The identity of such entities is provided below:

 

Name of Recipient  

Frequency of

Holdings Disclosure

Information

Lag

Date of

Information

Date Provided

to Recipients

Disciplined Growth Investors, Inc.

(Adviser)

Daily None Daily Daily

ALPS Fund Services, Inc.

(Administrator)

Daily None Daily Daily

MUFG Union Bank, National Association

(Custodian)

Daily None Daily Daily

Deloitte & Touche LLP

(Independent Registered Accounting Firm)

As needed None As needed As needed

Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP

(Counsel)

As needed None As needed As needed
Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. Service Daily None Daily Daily
Factset Daily None Daily

Daily

Advent Daily None Daily

Daily

40

 

Only officers of the Fund and their authorized agents, including, but not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer of the investment adviser, may approve the disclosure of the Fund’s Portfolio Holdings. Except as set forth under “Policy Exceptions” below, exceptions to this Policy may only be made if an officer of the Fund and its authorized agents, including, but not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer of the investment adviser, determines that the disclosure is being made for a legitimate business purpose and such disclosures must be documented and reported to the Board on a quarterly basis. In all cases, Third Parties and Service Providers are required to execute a non-disclosure agreement requiring the recipient to keep confidential any Portfolio Holdings data received and not to trade on the Confidential Portfolio Information (defined below) received. Neither the Trust nor its Service Providers (nor any persons affiliated with either) can receive any compensation or other consideration in connection with the sharing of the Fund’s Portfolio Holdings.

 

Disclosure of the Portfolio Holdings’ information that is not publicly available (“Confidential Portfolio Information”) may be made to Service Providers. In addition, to the extent permitted under applicable law, the investment adviser may distribute (or authorize the custodian or principal underwriter to distribute) Confidential Portfolio Information to the Fund’s relevant Service Providers and to facilitate the review of the Fund by certain mutual fund analysts and ratings agencies (such as Morningstar and Lipper Analytical Services) (“Rating Agencies”); provided that such disclosure is limited to the information that the investment adviser believes is reasonably necessary in connection with the services to be provided. As noted above, except to the extent permitted under this Policy, Confidential Portfolio Information may not be disseminated for compensation or other consideration.

 

Before any disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information to Service Providers or Rating Agencies is permitted, the Fund’s investment adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer (or persons designated by the investment adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer) must determine in writing that, under the circumstances, the disclosure is being made for a legitimate business purpose. Furthermore, the recipient of Confidential Portfolio Information by a Service Provider or Rating Agency must be subject to a written confidentiality agreement that prohibits any trading upon the Confidential Portfolio Information or the recipient must be subject to professional or ethical obligations not to disclose or otherwise improperly use the information, such as would apply to independent registered public accounting firms or legal counsel.

 

The Fund’s investment adviser shall have primary responsibility for ensuring that the Portfolio Holdings’ information is disclosed only in accordance with this Policy. As part of this responsibility, the Fund’s investment adviser will maintain such internal policies and procedures as it believes are reasonably necessary for preventing the unauthorized disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information.

 

Full Portfolio Holdings

 

The Policy currently authorizes the quarterly dissemination of full portfolio holdings of the Fund with a sixty (60) calendar day lag. Separately,, the full holdings of the Fund will be disclosed on a quarterly basis on forms required to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as follows: (i) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of each fiscal year will be filed as part of the annual report filed on Form N-CSR; (ii) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of the first and third fiscal quarters will be filed in Form N-Q; and (iii) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of the second fiscal quarter will be filed as part of the semi-annual report filed on Form N-CSR. Form N-Q is being rescinded. Once Form N-Q is rescinded, disclosure of the Fund’s complete holdings will be required to be made monthly on Form N-PORT no later than 60 days after the end of each month, with information reported on Form N-PORT for the third month of the fiscal quarter made publicly available by the SEC 60 days after the end of the Fund’s fiscal quarter. The Trust’s Form N-CSRs and Form N-Qs are available (and the Trust’s Form N-PORTs will be available) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

41

 

Partial Portfolio Holdings

 

Except as set forth in this Policy, partial Portfolio Holdings information will only be provided to third Parties for the most recent month-end period and only after a thirty (30) calendar day delay from the end of the month being provided. These holdings may include any combination of the Portfolio Holdings information, except for full Portfolio Holdings.

 

Policy Exceptions

 

The following disclosures of Portfolio Holdings are not prohibited by this Policy:

 

Disclosures that are required by law;
Disclosures necessary for Service Providers (defined above);
Disclosure necessary for Rating Agencies to assess applicable fund ratings.
Disclosures necessary to broker-dealers or banks as part of the normal buying, selling, shorting, or other transactions in portfolio securities
Disclosures to the Fund’s or Service Providers’ regulatory authorities, accountants, or counsel;
Disclosures to the adviser of the Fund of compiled data concerning accounts managed by the adviser; or
Any portfolio holdings that precede a full public disclosure (e.g., portfolio holdings that are dated prior to the most recent quarterly disclosure) are not considered to be sensitive, proprietary information of the Fund, and therefore are not subject to the aforementioned disclosure policies.

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

 

Investment Decisions and Portfolio Transactions

 

Investment decisions for the Fund are made with a view to achieving its investment objectives. Investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular client involved (including the Fund). Some securities considered for investment by the Fund may also be appropriate for other clients served by the Adviser. Thus, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. If a purchase or sale of securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and one or more of these clients is considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities will be allocated among the Fund and clients in a manner deemed fair and reasonable by the Adviser. Particularly when investing in less liquid or illiquid securities of smaller capitalization companies, such allocation may take into account the asset size of the Fund in determining whether the allocation of an investment is suitable. The Adviser may aggregate orders for the Fund with simultaneous transactions entered into on behalf of its other clients so long as price and transaction expenses are averaged either for the portfolio transaction or for that day. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the security. In some instances, one client may sell a particular security to another client. It also sometimes happens that two or more clients simultaneously purchase or sell the same security, in which event each day’s transactions in such security are, insofar as possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which in the Adviser’s opinion is equitable to each and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each. There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more clients will have an adverse effect on other clients, including the Fund.

42

 

Brokerage and Research Services

 

The Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities, options and futures contracts and buys and sells such securities, options and futures for the Fund through a substantial number of brokers and dealers. In so doing, the Adviser uses its best efforts to obtain for the Fund the most favorable price and execution available, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions as described below. In seeking the most favorable price and execution, the Adviser, having in mind the Fund’s best interests, considers all factors it deems relevant, including, by way of illustration, price, the size of the transaction, the nature of the market for the security, the amount of the commission, the timing of the transaction taking into account market prices and trends, the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker-dealer involved and the quality of service rendered by the broker-dealer in that or other transactions.

 

The Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio investments for the Fund’s accounts with brokers or dealers selected by it in its discretion. In effecting purchases and sales of portfolio securities for the accounts of the Fund, the Adviser will seek the best price and execution of the Fund’s orders. In doing so, the Fund may pay higher commission rates than the lowest available when the Adviser believes it is reasonable to do so in light of the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker effecting the transaction, as discussed below. Although the Fund may use a broker-dealer that sells Fund shares to effect transactions for the Fund’s portfolios, the Fund will not consider the sale of Fund shares as a factor when selecting broker-dealers to execute those transactions.

 

There is generally no stated commission in the case of fixed-income securities and other securities traded on a principal basis in the over-the-counter markets, but the price paid by the Fund usually includes an undisclosed dealer commission or markup. In underwritten offerings, the price paid by the Fund includes a disclosed, fixed commission or discount retained by the underwriter or dealer. Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges and other agency transactions involve the payment by the Fund of negotiated brokerage commissions. Such commissions vary among different brokers. Also, a particular broker may charge different commissions according to such factors as the difficulty and size of the transaction. Transactions in non-U.S. securities generally involve the payment of fixed brokerage commissions, which are generally higher than those in the United States. The purchase by the Fund of participations or assignments may be pursuant to privately negotiated transactions pursuant to which the Fund may be required to pay fees to the seller or forego a portion of payments in respect of the participation agreement.

 

Advisers or sub-advisers of investment companies and other institutional investors receive research and brokerage products and services (together, “services”) from broker-dealers which execute portfolio transactions for the clients of such advisers. Consistent with this practice, the Adviser receives brokerage and research products and services from many broker-dealers with which the Adviser places the Fund’s portfolio transactions. These services, which in some cases may also be purchased for cash, may include, among other things, such items as general economic and security market reviews, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities, recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities, and services related to the execution of securities transactions. The advisory fees paid by the Fund are not reduced because the Adviser receives such services even though the receipt of such services relieves the Adviser from expenses it might otherwise bear. Research and brokerage services provided by broker-dealers chosen by the Adviser to place the Fund’s portfolio transactions may be useful to the Adviser in providing services to the Adviser’s other clients, although not all of these services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser in managing the Fund. Conversely, brokerage and research products and services provided to the Adviser by broker-dealers in connection with trades executed on behalf of other clients of the Adviser may be useful to the Adviser in managing the Fund, although not all of these brokerage and research products and services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser in managing such other clients.

43

 

In reliance on the “safe harbor” provided by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), the Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer which provides “brokerage and research services” (as defined for purposes of Section 28(e)) to the Adviser an amount of commission for effecting a securities transaction for the Fund in excess of the commission which another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the Adviser determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker-dealer viewed in terms of either a particular transaction or the Adviser’s overall responsibilities to the advisory accounts for which it exercises investment discretion.

 

The Adviser may place orders for the purchase and sale of exchange-listed portfolio securities with a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser where, in the judgment of the Adviser, such firm will be able to obtain a price and execution at least as favorable as other qualified broker-dealers. Pursuant to rules of the SEC, a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser may receive and retain compensation for effecting portfolio transactions for the Fund on a securities exchange if the commissions paid to such an affiliated broker-dealer by the Fund on exchange transactions do not exceed “usual and customary brokerage commissions.” The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” As required by applicable SEC rules, the Board has adopted procedures which are reasonably designed to provide that any commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to an affiliated broker are consistent with the foregoing standards.

 

The following table lists the total amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund for the fiscal periods noted:

 

Fund Name

For the Fiscal

year ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal

year ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal

year ended

April 30, 2017

Disciplined Growth Investors Fund

$36,528

$30,731 $9,174

 

For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, April 30, 2018 and April 30, 2017, the Fund had no transactions identified for execution primarily on the basis of research and other services provided to the Fund and therefore no related commissions.

 

The following tables list the total amount of brokerage commissions to brokers who were affiliated with the Fund or the Adviser during the fiscal period noted below:

44

 

Fund Name

For the Fiscal

year ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal

year ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal

year ended

April 30, 2017

Disciplined Growth Investors Fund $0 $0 $0

 

The Fund may acquire securities of brokers who execute the Fund’s portfolio transactions. As of April 30, 2019, the Fund owned securities of its regular broker-dealers (or parents) as shown below:

 

Fund Name

Name of

Broker-Dealer

Market Value of

Securities Owned

Disciplined Growth Investors Fund N/A N/A

 

PURCHASE & REDEMPTION OF SHARES

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”), will maintain an account for each shareholder upon which the registration and transfer of shares are recorded, and any transfers shall be reflected by bookkeeping entry, without physical delivery. Confirmations of each purchase or redemption are sent to each shareholder. Quarterly statements of account are sent which include shares purchased as a result of a reinvestment of Fund distributions. The Transfer Agent will require that a shareholder provide requests in writing, accompanied by a valid signature guarantee form, when changing certain information in an account (i.e., wiring instructions, telephone privileges, etc.).

 

Share Classes

 

The Fund currently offers one class of shares.

 

Purchase of Shares

 

The minimum initial investments in the Fund are set forth in the Prospectus. Subsequent purchases may be made in any amount.

 

Subsequent investments may be made at any time by mailing a check to the Fund’s Transfer Agent, along with a detachable stub from the Statement of Account (or a letter providing the account number). Shareholders should be sure to write the Fund’s account number on the check. Purchases of Fund shares (initial or subsequent) may not be made by third party check.

 

Shares of the Fund may be purchased on any business day at the net asset value per share next determined after receipt of a purchase order. Share certificates will not be issued. Share purchase orders are effective on the date the Fund receives a completed Account Application Form (and other required documents) and federal funds become available.

 

Initial and subsequent investments may also be made by wire transfer. Shareholders should note that their bank may charge a fee in connection with transferring money by bank wire.

 

For a share purchase order for the Fund to become effective on a particular business day, prior to 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time): (i) in the case of a wire transfer payment, a purchaser must call 855-DGI-FUND to inform the Transfer Agent of an incoming wire transfer; or (ii) in the case of payment by check or money order, a complete share purchase order must be actually received by the Transfer Agent, and, in either case, federal funds must be received by the Transfer Agent, on behalf of the Fund. If federal funds are received by the Transfer Agent that same day, the order will be effective on that day. If a Fund receives notification of a wire transfer or a complete share purchase order after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time), or if federal funds are not received by the Transfer Agent, such purchase order shall be executed as of the date that federal funds are actually received.

45

 

The price of the Fund’s shares and the valuation of Fund assets are discussed in “Net Asset Value.”

 

Redemption of Shares

 

If the Board determines that it is in the best interests of the remaining shareholders of the Fund, the Fund may pay the redemption price in whole, or in part, by a distribution in kind from the Fund, in lieu of cash, taking such securities at their value employed for determining such redemption price, and selecting the securities in such manner as such Board may deem fair and equitable. A shareholder who receives a distribution in kind may incur a brokerage commission upon a later disposition of such securities and may receive less than the redemption value of such securities or property upon sale, particularly where such securities are sold prior to maturity. However, the Fund is required to redeem shares solely for cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the NAV of the Fund during any 90-day period for any one shareholder. Should redemptions by any shareholder exceed such limitation, the Fund will have the option of redeeming the excess in cash or in-kind. Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption.

 

Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for any period: (i) during which the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (ii) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; or (iii) during which (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or for such other periods as the SEC may permit. The Fund may also suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of its shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions.

 

Redemption Procedures.  The Fund will redeem all full and fractional shares of the Fund upon request on any business day at the applicable net asset value determined after the receipt of proper redemption instructions, less any applicable redemption fees. Shareholders liquidating their holdings will receive upon redemption all dividends reinvested through the date of redemption. If notice of redemption is received on any business day, the redemption will be effective on the date of receipt. Payment will ordinarily be made on the next business day, but, in any case, within no more than seven business days from the date of receipt. If the notice is received on a day that is not a business day or after the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE, the redemption notice will be deemed received as of the next business day. The value of shares at the time of redemption may be more or less than the shareholder’s cost.

 

No redemption requests will be processed until the Fund has received a completed Purchase Application, and no redemption of shares purchased by check will be made until all checks received for such shares have been collected, which may take up to 15 days or more.

 

Redemption By Mail.  Shares may be redeemed by mail by submitting a written request from the registered owner(s) signed exactly as shares are registered. Signature guarantees by an acceptable guarantor are required to redeem amounts greater than $50,000 or to have proceeds sent to an address other than the address of record. The Transfer Agent has adopted standards and procedures pursuant to which signature-guarantees in proper form generally will be accepted from domestic banks, brokers, dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations, as well as from participants in the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program, the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (“STAMP”) and the Stock Exchanges Medallion Program. Shareholders with any questions regarding signature-guarantees should contact the Transfer Agent.

46

 

In certain instances, the Transfer Agent may require additional documents such as, but not limited to, trust instruments, death certificates, appointments as executor or administrator or certificates of corporate authority.

 

Checks for redemption proceeds will be mailed to the address of record within seven days of redemption.

 

Redemption By Wire.  If redemption by wire has been elected in the Purchase Application, shares may be redeemed on any business day upon request made by telephone or letter. A shareholder or any authorized agent (so designated on the Account Application Form) must provide the Transfer Agent with the dollar or share amount to be redeemed, the account to which the redemption proceeds should be wired, the name of the shareholder and the shareholder’s account number. Shareholders should note that their bank may charge a fee in connection with transferring money by wire.

 

A shareholder may change its authorized agent, the address of record or the account designated to receive redemption proceeds at any time by providing the Transfer Agent with written instructions signature guaranteed as described above.

 

Telephone Redemption.  A shareholder may request redemption by calling the Transfer Agent at 855-DGI-FUND. Proceeds from telephone redemptions will be forwarded to the shareholder by check unless the shareholder has requested redemption by wire in the manner described above under “Redemption by Wire.” The check will be made only payable to the registered shareholder and sent to the address of record on file with the Transfer Agent. The Fund reserves the right to refuse a telephone request for redemption if it is believed advisable to do so. Procedures for redeeming shares by telephone may be modified or terminated at any time by the Fund. Neither the Fund nor the Transfer Agent will be liable for following redemption instructions received by telephone which are reasonably believed to be genuine, and the shareholder will bear the risk of loss in the event of unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. The Fund will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. The Fund and/or the Transfer Agent may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions if they do not follow such procedures. The Fund may require personal identification codes.

 

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

The business and affairs of the Fund are managed under the direction of its Board. The Board approves all significant agreements between the Trust on behalf of the Fund and the persons or companies that furnish services to the Fund, including agreements with its distributor, Adviser, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. The day-to-day operations of the Fund are delegated to the Fund’s Adviser and administrator.

47

 

The name, address, year of birth and principal occupations for the past five years of the Trustees and officers of the Trust are listed below, along with the number of portfolios in the Fund complex overseen by and the other directorships held by each Trustee.

 

INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES

 

Name,

Address*

& Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of

Office** and

Length of

Time

Served

Principal

Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years***

Number of

Funds in

Fund

Complex

Overseen

by Trustee

****

Other

Directorships

Held by

Trustee During Past 5

Years***

Mary K. Anstine,

1940

 

Trustee and Chairman Ms. Anstine was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on March 21, 1997 and re-elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Ms. Anstine was appointed Chairman of the Board at the June 6, 2017 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Anstine was formerly an Executive Vice President of First Interstate Bank of Denver until 1994, President/Chief Executive Officer of HealthONE Alliance, Denver, Colorado, from 1994 to 2004, and has been retired since 2004. Ms. Anstine is also Trustee/Director of AV Hunter Trust and Colorado Uplift Board. Ms. Anstine was formerly a Director of the Trust Bank of Colorado (later purchased and now known as Northern Trust Bank), HealthONE and Denver Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America, and a member of the American Bankers Association Trust Executive Committee. 31 Ms. Anstine is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); ALPS Variable Investment Trust (9 funds); Reaves Utility Income Fund (1 fund); and Segall Bryant & Hamill Trust (14 funds).

Jeremy W. Deems,

1976

 

Trustee Mr. Deems was appointed as a Trustee at the March 11, 2008 meeting of the Board of Trustees and elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Deems is the Co-Founder, Chief Operations Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Green Alpha Advisors, LLC, a registered investment advisor, and Co-Portfolio Manager of the Shelton Green Alpha Fund. Prior to joining Green Alpha Advisors, Mr. Deems was CFO and Treasurer of Forward Management, LLC, ReFlow Management Co., LLC, ReFlow Fund, LLC, a private investment fund, and Sutton Place Management, LLC, an administrative services company, from 1998 to June 2007.  From 2004 to 2005, Mr Deems also served as Treasurer of the Forward Funds and the Sierra Club Funds. 31 Mr. Deems is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); ALPS Variable Investment Trust (9 funds); Clough Funds Trust (1 fund); and Reaves Utility Income Fund (1 fund).

Jerry G. Rutledge,

1944

 

Trustee Mr. Rutledge was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Rutledge is the President and owner of Rutledge’s Inc., a retail clothing business. Mr. Rutledge is currently Director of the American National Bank. He was from 1994 to 2007 a Regent of the University of Colorado. 31

Mr. Rutledge is a Trustee of Principal Real Estate Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Equity Fund (1 fund); and Clough Global Opportunities Fund (1 fund).

48

 

Name,

Address*

& Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of

Office** and

Length of

Time

Served

Principal

Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years***

Number of

Funds in

Fund

Complex

Overseen

by Trustee

****

Other

Directorships

Held by

Trustee During Past 5

Years***

Michael “Ross”

Shell ,

1970

 

Trustee Mr. Shell was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Shell is Founder and CEO of Red Idea, LLC, a strategic consulting/early stage venture firm (since June 2008). From 1999 to 2009, he was a part-owner and Director of Tesser, Inc., a brand agency. From December 2005 to May 2008, he was Director, Marketing and Investor Relations, of Woodbourne, a REIT/real estate hedge fund and private equity firm. Prior to this, from May 2004 to November 2005, he worked as a business strategy consultant; from June 2003 to April 2004, he was on the Global Client Services team of IDEO, a product design/innovation firm; and from 1999 to 2003, he was President of Tesser, Inc. Mr. Shell graduated with honors from Stanford University with a degree in Political Science. 31 None.

49

 

INTERESTED TRUSTEE

 

Name,

Address*
& Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of
Office** and
Length of

Time
Served

Principal

Occupation(s) During
Past 5 Years***

Number of

Funds in

Fund

Complex

Overseen
by Trustee
****

Other

Directorships

Held by

Trustee During Past 5
Years***

Edmund J.

Burke,

1961

 

Trustee Mr. Burke was elected as Trustee at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Burke joined ALPS in 1991 and served as the President and Director of ALPS Holdings, Inc., and ALPS Advisors, Inc., and Director of ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (“ALPS”), and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. (collectively, the “ALPS Companies”) Mr. Burke retired from the ALPS Companies in June 2019. Mr. Burke is deemed an “Interested Trustee” by virtue of his prior relationship with the ALPS Companies. 31 Mr. Burke is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Equity Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Opportunities Fund (1 fund); Clough Funds Trust (1 fund); Liberty All-Star Equity Fund (1 fund); and Director of the Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc. (1 fund).

 

OFFICERS

 

Name,

Address* &

Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of Office**

and Length of

Time Served

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years***

Bradley J. Swenson,

1972

President Mr. Swenson was elected President of the Trust at the June 11 – 12, 2019 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Mr. Swenson joined ALPS in 2004 and has served as its President since June 2019.  In this role, he serves as an officer to certain other closed-end and open-end investment companies.  He previously served as the Chief Operating Officer of ALPS (2015-2019). Mr. Swenson also previously served as Chief Compliance Officer to ALPS, its affiliated entities, and to certain ETF, closed-end and open-end investment companies (2004-2015). Because of his position with ALPS, Mr. Swenson is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act.

50

 

Name,

Address* &

Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of Office**

and Length of

Time Served

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years***

Kimberly R. Storms,

1972

Treasurer Ms. Storms was elected Treasurer of the Trust at the March 12, 2013 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Storms is Senior Vice President - Director of Fund Administration of ALPS. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Storms is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Storms is also Treasurer of Liberty All-Star Equity Fund, Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc., and ALPS Series Trust.  Ms. Storms also serves as a Board member and Treasurer of The Center for Trauma & Resilience, a nonprofit agency.

Karen S. Gilomen,

1970

Secretary Ms. Gilomen was elected Secretary of the Trust at the December 13, 2016 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

Ms. Gilomen joined ALPS in August 2016 as Vice President and Senior Counsel. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Gilomen was Vice President - General Counsel & CCO of Monticello Associates, Inc. from 2010 to 2016. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Gilomen is deemed an affiliate of the Trust, as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Gilomen is also the Secretary of ALPS Variable Investment Trust and Reaves Utility Income Fund, and the Assistant Secretary of the WesMark Funds.

Ted Uhl,

1974

Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) Mr. Uhl was appointed CCO of the Trust at the June 8, 2010 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

Mr. Uhl joined ALPS in October 2006, and is currently Deputy Compliance Officer of ALPS. Prior to his current role, Mr. Uhl served as Senior Risk Manager for ALPS from October 2006 until June 2010. Before joining ALPS, Mr. Uhl served a Sr. Analyst with Enenbach and Associates (RIA), and a Sr. Financial Analyst at Sprint. Because of his position with ALPS, Mr. Uhl is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Mr. Uhl is also CCO of the Boulder Growth & Income Fund, Inc., Centre Funds, Axonic Alternative Income Fund, Index Funds, Reality Shares ETF Trust, Reaves Utility Income Fund and XAI Octagon Floating Rate & Alternative Income Term Trust.

Jennell Panella,

1974

Assistant Treasurer Ms. Panella was elected Assistant Treasurer of the Trust at the September 15, 2015 meeting of the Board of Trustees Ms. Panella joined ALPS in June 2012 and is currently Fund Controller of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Panella served as Financial Reporting Manager for Parker Global Strategies, LLC (2009-2012).  Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Panella is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Panella also serves as Assistant Treasurer of James Advantage Funds.

Sharon Akselrod,

1974

Assistant Secretary Ms. Akselrod was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the September 15, 2015 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

Ms. Akselrod joined ALPS in August 2014 and is currently Senior Investment Company Act Paralegal of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Akselrod served as Corporate Governance and Regulatory Associate for Nordstrom fsb (2013-2014) and Senior Legal Assistant – Legal Manager for AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company (2008-2013). Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Akselrod is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Akselrod is also Secretary of Principal Real Estate Income Fund and Assistant Secretary of ALPS ETF Trust and Clough Funds Trust.

Jennifer Craig,

1973

Assistant Secretary

Ms. Craig was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the June 8, 2016 meeting of the Board of Trustees. 

Ms. Craig joined ALPS in 2007 and is currently Assistant Vice President and Paralegal Manager of ALPS. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Craig is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Craig is also Assistant Secretary of Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund, Clough Global Equity Fund, Clough Global Opportunities Fund, Liberty All-Star Equity Fund, and Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc.

 

51

 

Name,

Address* &

Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of Office**

and Length of

Time Served

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years***

Sareena Khwaja-Dixon,

1980

Assistant Secretary

Ms. Khwaja-Dixon was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the December 12, 2017 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

Ms. Khwaja-Dixon joined ALPS in August 2015 and is currently Senior Counsel and Vice President of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Khwaja-Dixon served as a Senior Paralegal/Paralegal for Russell Investments (2011 – 2015). Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Khwaja-Dixon is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Khwaja-Dixon is also Secretary of Liberty All-Star Equity Fund, Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc., Clough Funds Trust, Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund, Clough Global Opportunities Fund, and Clough Global Equity Fund.

 

 
* All communications to Trustees and Officers may be directed to Financial Investors Trust c/o 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, CO 80203.
**This is the period for which the Trustee or Officer began serving the Trust. Each Trustee serves an indefinite term, until such Trustees successor is elected and appointed, or such Trustee resigns or is deceased. Officers are elected on an annual basis.
***Except as otherwise indicated, each individual has held the office shown or other offices in the same company for the last five years.
**** The Fund Complex includes all series of the Trust (currently 31) and any other investment companies for which Disciplined Growth Investors, Inc. provides investment advisory services (currently none).

 

Additional Information About the Trustees’ Qualifications and Experience

 

The following is a brief discussion of the specific education, experience, qualifications, or skills that led to the conclusion, as of the date of this SAI, that each person identified below should serve as a Trustee for the Trust.

 

Mary K. Anstine

 

Ms. Anstine has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since March 21, 1997 and Chairman since June 6, 2017. Currently retired, Ms. Anstine has over 30 years of financial services experience. Most recently, she was President and CEO of HealthONE Alliance, Denver, Colorado from 1994 through 2004. From 1964 to 1994, Ms. Anstine held positions leading up to Executive Vice President of First Interstate Bank. She was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on her business and financial services experience.

 

Jeremy W. Deems

 

Mr. Deems has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since March 11, 2008. In 2007, Mr. Deems co-founded Green Alpha Advisors, LLC, a registered investment adviser, for which he currently serves as Chief Operations Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to co-founding Green Alpha Advisors, Mr. Deems was CFO of Forward Management, LLC, investment advisor to the Forward Funds and Sierra Club Mutual Funds, where he was also co-portfolio manager to the Sierra Club Stock Fund. In addition, he was the CFO of ReFlow Management Co., LLC. Prior to joining Forward and ReFlow, he served as Regional Marketing Assistant within the Investment Consulting Services Group at Morgan Stanley Dean Witter. Mr. Deems received a B.S. and a MBA in finance from Saint Mary’s College of California and is a licensed Certified Public Accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services, accounting and investment management experience.

52

 

Jerry G. Rutledge

 

Mr. Rutledge has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. Mr. Rutledge is the President and owner of Rutledge's Inc., an upscale men’s clothing store, which he opened in 1967. Mr. Rutledge has over 40 years of business experience. He served on the CU Board of Regents from 1995 to 2007 and currently serves on the Board of American National Bank. Mr. Rutledge is a graduate of the University of Colorado. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business experience.

 

Michael “Ross” Shell

 

Mr. Shell has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. In 2008, Mr. Shell founded Red Idea, LLC, a strategic consulting/early stage venture firm, for which he currently serves as CEO. From 1999 to 2009, he was a part-owner and Director of Tesser, Inc., a brand agency, during which time he also served as Director, Marketing and Investor Relations, of Woodbourne, a REIT/real estate hedge fund and private equity firm. Prior to this, he worked as a business strategy consultant, he was on the Global Client Services team of IDEO, and he was President of Tesser, Inc. Mr. Shell graduated with honors from Stanford University with a degree in Political Science. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services and investment management experience.

 

Edmund J. Burke

 

Mr. Burke has been an Interested Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. Mr. Burke joined ALPS Fund Services, Inc., the Fund’s administrator, in 1991 and retired in 2019.  He previously served as Director of ALPS Holdings, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc., ALPS Advisors, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc., the Fund’s principal underwriter, and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. Mr. Burke has over 20 years of financial services and investment management experience. Before joining ALPS, Mr. Burke was a Regional Vice President for the Pioneer Funds in Boston and has also worked with Fidelity. Mr. Burke has a B.A. in Economics from the University of New Hampshire. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services and investment management experience.

 

Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities

 

Overall responsibility for oversight of the Fund rests with the Trustees. The Trust has engaged the Adviser to manage the Fund on a day-to day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers in the operations of the Fund in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s charter. The Board is currently composed of five members, four of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board meets at regularly scheduled quarterly meetings each year. In addition, the Board may hold special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. As described below, the Board has established a Nominating and Governance Committee and an Audit Committee, and may establish ad hoc committees or working groups from time to time, to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities. The Independent Trustees have also engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.

 

The Board has appointed Mary K. Anstine, an Independent Trustee, to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with the Adviser, other service providers, counsel and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board reviews matters related to its leadership structure annually. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate given the Trust’s characteristics and circumstances. These characteristics include, but are not limited to, the Trust’s multiple series of fund shares, each fund’s single portfolio of assets, each fund’s net assets, the services provided by the funds’ service providers, the formal and informal functions of the various Independent Trustees both during and between Board meetings, the existence of the Trust for over 15 years and the long board service of some of the Independent Trustees, which in some cases date back to the inception of the Trust.

53

 

Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of the Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and Committee activities. As part of its regular oversight of the Fund, the Board, directly or through a Committee, interacts with and reviews reports from, among others, Fund management, the Adviser, the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer, the Fund’s legal counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund regarding risks faced by the Fund. The Board, with the assistance of Fund management and the Adviser, reviews investment policies and risks in connection with its review of the Fund’s performance. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Fund’s compliance program and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Fund and its principal service providers. In addition, as part of the Board’s periodic review of the Fund’s advisory and other service provider agreements, the Board may consider risk management aspects of these service providers’ operations and the functions for which they are responsible.

 

None of the Independent Trustees own securities in the Adviser or the Distributor, nor do they own securities in any entity directly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Adviser or the Distributor.

 

Audit Committee.  The Board has an Audit Committee which considers such matters pertaining to the Trust’s books of account, financial records, internal accounting controls and changes in accounting principles or practices as the Trustees may from time to time determine.  The Audit Committee also considers the engagement and compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm (“Firm”) and ensures receipt from the Firm of a formal written statement delineating relationships between the Firm and the Trust, consistent with Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Rule 3526.  The Audit Committee also meets privately with the representatives of the Firm to review the scope and results of audits and other duties as set forth in the Audit Committee’s Charter.  The Audit Committee members, each of whom are Independent Trustees are: Ms. Anstine and Messrs. Deems (Chairman), Rutledge and Shell.  The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019.

 

Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeThe Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee meets periodically to advise and assist the Board in selecting nominees to serve as trustees of the Trust. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes the Board generally benefits from diversity of background, experience and views among its members, and considers this a factor in evaluating the composition of the Board, but has not adopted any specific policy in this regard. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also advises and assists the Board in establishing, implementing and executing policies, procedures and practices that assure orderly and effective governance of the Trust and effective and efficient management of all business and financial affairs of the Trust.  Members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are currently: Ms. Anstine (Chairman) and Messrs. Deems, Rutledge and Shell.  The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board met once during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019.

54

 

Shareholder Nominations.  The Board will consider shareholder nominees for Trustees.  All nominees must possess the appropriate characteristics, skills and experience for serving on the Board.  In particular, the Board and its Independent Trustees will consider each nominee’s integrity, educational and professional background, understanding of the Trust’s business on a technical level and commitment to devote the time and attention necessary to fulfill a Trustee’s duties.  All shareholders who wish to recommend nominees for consideration as Trustees shall submit the names and qualifications of the candidates to the Secretary of the Trust by writing to: Financial Investors Trust, 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado, 80203.

 

As of December 31, 2018, the dollar range of equity securities in the Fund beneficially owned by the Interested Trustee were as follows:

 

Interested Trustee

Dollar Range of Equity

Securities in the Fund

Aggregate Dollar Range of

Equity Securities in All Registered

Investment Companies Overseen by

Trustee in Family of Investment Companies

Edmund J. Burke None None

 

As of December 31, 2018, the dollar range of equity securities in the Fund beneficially owned by Independent Trustees were as follows:

 

Independent Trustees

Dollar Range of Equity

Securities in the Fund

Aggregate Dollar Range of

Equity Securities in All Registered

Investment Companies Overseen by

Trustee in Family of Investment Companies

Mary K. Anstine $10,001 - $50, 000 $10,001 - $50, 000
Jeremy W. Deems None None
Jerry G. Rutledge None $50,001 - $100,000
Michael “Ross” Shell None None

55

 

Remuneration of Trustees. 

 

The Independent Trustees receive a quarterly retainer of $15,000, plus $6,000 for each regular or special in-person Board or Committee meeting attended, and $2,000 for each special telephonic Board or Committee meeting attended. The Chairman of the Board and the Chairman of the Audit Committee will also receive an additional quarterly retainer of $3,000. The Independent Trustees are also reimbursed for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, the Independent Trustees received the following compensation:

 

 

Aggregate

Compensation From

the Trust

Pension Or Retirement

Benefits Accrued As Part of

Fund Expenses

Estimated

Annual Benefits Upon

Retirement

Aggregate

Compensation

From The

Trust And

Fund

Complex Paid

To Trustees*

Mary K. Anstine $120,000 $0 $0 $120,000
Jeremy W. Deems $120,000 $0 $0 $120,000
Jerry G. Rutledge $106,000 $0 $0 $106,000
Michael “Ross” Shell $104,000 $0 $0 $104,000

 

* The Fund Complex includes all series of the Trust (currently 31) and any other investment companies for which any Trustee serves as trustee for and which Disciplined Growth Investors, Inc. provides investment advisory services (currently none).

 

No officer, trustee or employee of the Adviser or any of its affiliates receives any compensation from the Fund for serving as an officer or trustee of the Fund.

 

INVESTMENT MANAGER

 

Disciplined Growth Investors, Inc. (the “Adviser”), subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees, is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Fund’s business affairs. The Adviser began managing domestic equity and balanced portfolios in February 1997 and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment adviser. The Adviser’s principal address is Fifth Street Towers, Suite 2550, 150 South Fifth Street, Minneapolis, MN 55402.

 

Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Fund pays the Adviser a unitary fee for the services and facilities it provides payable on a monthly basis at the annual rate of 0.78% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The current term of the Advisory Agreement is one year. The Board may extend the advisory agreement for additional one-year terms. The Board, shareholders of the Fund or the Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ notice.

 

Out of the unitary management fee, the Adviser pays substantially all expenses of the Fund, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services, except for interest expenses, distribution fees or expenses, brokerage expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business.

 

The Investment Adviser’s unitary management fee is designed to pay substantially all the Fund’s expenses and to compensate the Investment Adviser for providing services for the Fund. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the Fund’s Advisory Agreement is provided in the Fund’s annual report to shareholders for the period ended April 30, 2019.

56

 

The table below shows the management fees paid by the Fund to the Adviser for the periods indicated:      
 

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2017

Gross Advisory Fees $1,732,520 $1,441,119 $1,086,455
Waiver of Advisory Fees $0 $0 $0
Reimbursement of other Expenses

$0

$0 $0
Net Advisory Fees $1,732,520 $1,441,119 $1,086,455

 

Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser shall not be liable for losses or damages incurred by the Fund, unless such losses or damages are attributable to the willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Adviser or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties under the Advisory Agreement (“disabling conduct”). In addition, the Fund will indemnify the Adviser and its affiliates and hold each of them harmless against any losses or damages not resulting from disabling conduct.

 

DISTRIBUTOR

 

Shares of the Fund are offered on a continuous basis through ALPS Distributors, Inc. (an affiliate of ALPS) (“ADI” or the “Distributor”), located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, as distributor pursuant to a distribution agreement between the Distributor and the Fund. The Distributor is not obligated to sell any specific amount of Fund shares.

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

The Fund, the Adviser and the Distributor each have adopted a code of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics permit the personnel of these entities to invest in securities, including securities that the Fund may purchase or hold. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.

 

ADMINISTRATOR

 

The Fund currently employs ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (an affiliate of ADI) (“ALPS” or the “Administrator”), located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, under an administration agreement to provide certain administrative services to the Fund. Information on the services provided by the Administrator is available in the Prospectus, which is incorporated by reference in this SAI.

 

The table below shows the administrative fees earned by ALPS for the periods indicated:

 

 

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2017

Disciplined Growth Investors Fund* $173,217 $120,423 $156,050

 

*As discussed above, Disciplined Growth Investors is compensated by the Fund in an amount equal to 0.78% of its average daily net assets. ALPS Fund Services is compensated by Disciplined Growth Investors from that 0.78% fee.

 

57

 

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

Although individual Board members may not agree with particular policies or votes by the Adviser, the Board has approved delegating proxy voting discretion to the Adviser believing that the Adviser should be responsible for voting because it is a matter relating to the investment decision making process.

 

Attached as Appendix B is a summary of the guidelines and procedures that the Adviser uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities, including the procedures that the Adviser uses when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Adviser or any affiliated person of the Fund or the Adviser, on the other. This summary of the guidelines gives a general indication as to how the Adviser will vote proxies relating to portfolio securities on each issue listed. However, the guidelines do not address all potential voting issues or the intricacies that may surround individual proxy votes. For that reason, there may be instances in which votes may vary from the guidelines presented. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser always endeavors to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives. When applicable, information on how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent prior 12-month period ended June 30, will be available without charge, (i) upon request, by calling 855-DGI-FUND and (ii) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

CONTROL PERSONS, PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS AND MANAGEMENT OWNERSHIP

 

To the best knowledge of the Trust, the names and addresses of the record and beneficial holders of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund and the percentage of the outstanding shares held by such holders are set forth below. To the best knowledge of the Trust, entities shown as owning more than 25% of the outstanding Shares of the Fund are not the beneficial owners of such Shares, unless otherwise indicated.

 

A shareholder who owns beneficially 25% or more of the outstanding securities of the Fund is presumed to “control” the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act. Such control may affect the voting rights of other shareholders. As of August 1, 2019, there were no shareholders that owned beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund.

 

The Trustees and Officers of the Trust as a group owned less than 1% of any Fund’s shares. 

 

EXPENSES

 

The Fund’s expenses include taxes, interest, fees and salaries of the Trust’s Trustees and officers who are not trustees, officers or employees of the Fund’s service contractors, SEC fees, state securities qualification fees, costs of preparing and printing prospectuses for regulatory purposes and for distribution to existing shareholders, advisory and administration fees, charges of the custodian and of the transfer and dividend disbursing agent, certain insurance premiums, outside auditing and legal expenses, costs of shareholder reports and shareholder meetings and any extraordinary expenses. The Fund also pays for brokerage fees and commissions (if any) in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities.

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PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

The following sections set forth certain additional information with respect to the portfolio managers for the Fund. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of April 30, 2019.

 

Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Managers

 

The table below identifies as of April 30, 2019, for the portfolio managers of the Fund, the number of accounts (other than the Fund with respect to which information is provided) for which he has day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts.

 

Portfolio Manager(s) Registered Investment Companies Other Pooled Investment Vehicles Other Accounts*
Number

Total Assets

(in millions)

Number

Total Assets

(in millions)

Number

Total Assets

(in millions)

Fred Martin 0 $0 1 $56.85 157 $5,507.26
Scott Link 0 $0 1 $56.85 157 $5,507.26
Rob Nicoski 0 $0 1 $56.85 157 $5,507.26

 

*The portfolio managers share investment decision responsibility for all accounts.

 

Portfolio Manager Compensation

 

Fred Martin has a compensation package that is a combination of base salary and the firm’s revenues and profits.  Both Scott Link and Rob Nicoski have a compensation package consisting of a base salary, incentive and bonus compensation.  Incentive and bonus compensation are based upon the relative and absolute performance of the small cap and mid cap equity composites of the firm, their contribution to the performance of the composites, and the financial performance of the firm. Investment performance bonuses are not directly based on Fund pre- or post-tax performance. Investment performance bonuses are weighted 50% to absolute performance and 50% to performance as compared to a relevant set of benchmarks for each composite:

 

DGI Composite: Benchmark(s):
Mid Cap Growth Russell Mid Cap Growth, S&P 500
Small Cap Growth Russell 2000, Russell 2000 Growth
Balanced Growth S&P 500

  

Investment performance bonuses are calculated for each calendar year.

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Conflicts of Interest with Other Accounts. Conflicts of interest could arise in connection with managing The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund side by side with Disciplined Growth Investors’ other clients.  Disciplined Growth Investors’ other accounts include small cap growth domestic equity, mid cap growth domestic equity, and balanced growth mandates.

 

The Adviser and the Fund have adopted compliance policies and procedures that are designed to address various conflicts of interest that may arise for the Adviser and the individuals that it employs.  For example, Disciplined Growth Investors (Adviser) utilizes a single investment philosophy and process across all products and portfolios.   The Adviser has also adopted trade allocation procedures that are designed to facilitate the fair allocation of limited investment opportunities among multiple funds and accounts.  There is no guarantee, however, that the policies and procedures adopted by the Adviser and the Fund will be able to detect and/or prevent every situation in which an actual or potential conflict may appear.

 

Allocation of Limited Time and Attention:  A portfolio manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds and/or accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those funds and/or accounts.  As a result, the portfolio manager may not be able to formulate as complete a strategy or identify equally attractive investment opportunities for each of those accounts as might be the case if he or she were to devote substantially more attention to the management of a single fund. 

Allocation of Limited Investment Opportunities:  If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for multiple funds and/or accounts, the opportunity may be allocated among these several funds or accounts, which may limit a fund’s ability to take full advantage of the investment opportunity.

Pursuit of Differing Strategies:  At times, a portfolio manager may determine that an investment opportunity may be appropriate for only some of the funds and/or accounts for which he or she exercises investment responsibility.  In these cases, the portfolio manager may place separate transactions for one or more funds or accounts which may affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the determine or benefit of one or more other funds and/or accounts. 

Selection of Brokers/Dealers: Portfolio managers may be able to select or influence the selection of the brokers and dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the funds and/or accounts that they supervise.  In addition to executing trades, some brokers and dealers provide portfolio managers with brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act), which may result in the payment of higher brokerage fees than might have otherwise  been available.  These services may be more beneficial to certain funds or accounts than to others.  Although the payment of brokerage commissions is subject to the requirement that the portfolio manager determine in good faith that the commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided to the fund, a portfolio manager’s decision as to the selection of brokers and dealers could yield disproportionate costs and benefits among the funds and/or accounts that he or she manages.

Variation in Compensation:  A conflict of interest may arise where the financial or other benefits available to the portfolio manager differ among the funds and/or accounts that he or she manages.  If the structure of the investment adviser’s management fee and/or the portfolio manager’s compensation differs among funds and/or accounts (such as where certain funds or accounts pay higher management fees), the portfolio manager might be motivated to help certain funds and/or accounts over others.  The portfolio manager might be motivated to favor funds and/or accounts in which he or she has an interest or in which the investment adviser and/or affiliates have interests.  Similarly, the desire to maintain or raise assets under management or to enhance the portfolio manager’s performance record or to derive other rewards, financial or otherwise, could influence the portfolio manager to lend preferential treatment to those funds and/or accounts that could most significantly benefit the portfolio manager.

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Related Business Opportunities:  The Adviser or its affiliates may provide more services for some types of funds or accounts than others.  In such cases, a portfolio manager may benefit, either directly or indirectly, by devoting disproportionate attention to the management of funds and/or accounts that provide greater overall returns to the Adviser and its affiliates. 

 

Ownership of Securities

 

The table below identifies ownership of Fund securities by each Portfolio Manager as of April 30, 2019.

 

Portfolio Manager(s) Dollar Range of Ownership of Securities
Fred Martin $500,001 - $1,000,000
Scott Link $10,001 - $50,000
Rob Nicoski $100,001 - $500,000

 

NET ASSET VALUE

 

The following is a description of the procedures used by the Fund in valuing its assets. For the purpose of pricing purchase and redemption orders, the net asset value per share of the Fund is determined once daily as of the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE (normally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). The Fund’s net asset value is calculated on each day that the NYSE is open for trading, i.e., Monday through Friday, except for New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day, and the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when one of those holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively.

 

In calculating net asset value, equity securities listed or traded on national securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price or, if there have been no sales on that day, at the mean of the current bid and ask price which represents the current value of the security. Over-the-counter securities are valued at the mean of the current bid and ask price.

 

Portfolio securities listed on the NASDAQ National Market System for which market quotations are available are valued at the official closing price. If there is no official closing price, the securities are valued at the last sale price or, if there have been no sales that day, at the mean of the current bid and ask price which represents the current value of the security.

 

Securities that are primarily traded on foreign exchanges generally are valued at the preceding closing values of such securities on their respective exchanges, except that when an occurrence subsequent to the time a value was so established is likely to have changed such value, then the fair value of those securities will be determined by consideration of other factors by or under the direction of the Trust’s Board or its delegates. In valuing assets, prices denominated in foreign currencies are converted to U.S. dollar equivalents at the current exchange rate. Securities may be valued by independent pricing services which use prices provided by market-makers or estimates of market values obtained from yield data relating to instruments or securities with similar characteristics. In certain circumstances, bid and ask prices may be obtained from (i) a broker/dealer specified and deemed reliable by the Adviser, (ii) pink sheets, yellow sheets or the blue list, or (iii) a pricing agent that obtains quotations from broker/dealers or evaluates the value of the respective bid and ask prices. All other securities and other assets of the Fund will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board.

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FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

 

This section provides additional information concerning U.S. federal income taxes. It is based on the Code, applicable Treasury Regulations, judicial authority, and administrative rulings and practice, all as of the date of this SAI, and all of which are subject to change, including changes with retroactive effect. The following does not address any state, local or foreign or estate or gift tax matters.

 

A shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax consequences from acquiring, holding and disposing of shares in the Fund may vary depending upon his or her particular situation. This discussion only applies to shareholders who are U.S. persons, except where otherwise stated. For purposes of this discussion, U.S. persons are: (i) U.S. citizens or residents, (ii) U.S. corporations, (iii) an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or certain electing trusts that were in existence on August 20, 1996, and were treated as domestic trusts on August 19, 1996. This discussion does not address issues of significance to U.S. persons in special situations such as: (i) certain types of tax-exempt organizations, (ii) shareholders holding shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plan accounts or individual retirement accounts), (iii) shareholders holding investments through foreign institutions (financial and non-financial), (iv) financial institutions, (v) broker-dealers, (vi) entities not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, (vii) shareholders holding shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction, and (viii) shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax.

 

If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships that are considering the purchase of shares should consult their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares.

 

The Fund has not requested and will not request an advance ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) as to the U.S. federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. In addition, the foregoing discussion only addresses some of the U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting investments in the Fund. Prospective shareholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisers as to the particular U.S. federal tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund, as well as the applicability and effect of any state, local or foreign laws, and the effect of possible changes in applicable tax laws.

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General Policies

 

In general, it is the Fund’s policy to distribute to its shareholders as “ordinary income dividends” substantially all of its net investment income and short-term capital gains. It is also the Fund’s policy to distribute annually all of its net realized long-term capital gains, if any, after offsetting any capital loss carryovers, as “capital gain dividends.”

 

Ordinary income dividends and capital gain dividends are payable in full and fractional shares of the relevant class of the Fund based upon the net asset value determined as of the close of the Exchange on the record date for each dividend or distribution. Shareholders, however, may elect to receive their ordinary income dividends or capital gain dividends, or both, in cash. The election may be made at any time by submitting a written request directly to the Fund. In order for a change to be in effect for any dividend or distribution, it must be received by the Fund on or before the record date for such dividend or distribution.

 

If you elect to receive your dividends in cash and the dividend checks sent to you are returned “undeliverable” to the Fund or remain uncashed for six months, your cash election will automatically be changed and your future dividends will be reinvested. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed dividend or redemption checks.

 

Detailed U.S. federal tax information will be furnished to each shareholder for each calendar year as required by federal law.

 

Taxation of the Fund

 

The Fund intends to elect to be treated and qualify each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. The Fund also intends to be treated as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes. Thus, the provisions of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies generally will apply separately to the Fund even though the Fund is a series of the Trust. Furthermore, the Fund will separately determine its income, gain, losses and expenses for federal income tax purposes.

 

In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, the Fund must, among other things: (i) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships;” (ii) diversify its holdings so that at the end of each fiscal quarter, (a) at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities limited generally, with respect to any one issuer, to no more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets are invested in (1) the securities (other than those of the U.S. government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, (2) the securities (other than the securities of other regulated investment companies) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or (3) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships; and (iii) distribute with respect to each taxable year an amount equal to or exceeding the sum of (a) 90% of its “investment company taxable income,” as that term is defined in the Code (which generally includes, among other things, dividends, taxable interest, and the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, as reduced by certain deductible expenses) without regard to the deduction for dividends paid, and (b) 90% of its tax-exempt interest income, net of expenses allocable thereto. For purposes of meeting the diversification requirement described in (ii) above, in the case of the Fund’s investment in loan participations, the issuer may be the financial intermediary or the borrower.

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With respect to (i) above, the IRS may limit qualifying income from foreign currency gains and from certain derivatives to the amount of such income that is directly related to a regulated investment company’s principal business of investing in stock or securities pursuant to regulations that may be promulgated in the future. For purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in (i) above, income derived from a partnership will generally be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized by the regulated investment company. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (defined as a partnership (x) interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in (i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive activity loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. Finally, for purposes of (ii)(a) above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership. The requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company may significantly limit the extent to which the Fun may invest in some investments.

 

To the extent that it qualifies for treatment as a regulated investment company, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income distributed to its shareholders in a timely manner in the form of dividends (including capital gain dividends, defined below). In certain situations, the Fund can cure failures to meet the income and diversification tests described above, including, in some cases, by paying a Fund-level tax and, in the case of diversification failures, disposing of certain assets. If the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year – for example, because it was not sufficiently diversified under the applicable Code tests – the Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. To qualify again to be taxed as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment in a subsequent year, the Fund could be required to pay substantial taxes, penalties and interest and make substantial distributions. In addition, if the Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be required to recognize and pay tax on any net built-in gain (the excess of aggregate gain, including items of income, over aggregate loss that would have been realized if the Fund had been liquidated) or, alternatively, to be subject to taxation on such built-in gain recognized for a period of five years, in order to qualify as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year.

 

As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its net capital gains (that, is any net long-term capital gains in excess of the sum of net short-term capital losses) properly reported by the Fund in a written statement to shareholders as capital gain dividends (“capital gain dividends”) and its investment company taxable income if any, that the Fund distributes to shareholders on a timely basis. The Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its investment company taxable income and to distribute all of its net capital gains, after offsetting any capital loss carryforwards. If the Fund does retain any investment company taxable income, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. However, the Fund may elect to have certain dividends paid after the close of a tax year treated as having been paid during the tax year for purposes of the regulated investment company distribution requirements and for purposes of determining its taxable income (“spill-over dividends”). Spill-over dividends are taxed to shareholders in the year in which they are received.

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If the Fund is not treated as a “personal holding company” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund is permitted to treat on its tax return as dividends paid the portion of redemption proceeds paid to redeeming shareholders that represents the redeeming shareholders’ portion of the Fund’s accumulated earnings and profits. This practice, called tax “equalization,” would reduce the amount of income and/or gains that the Fund is required to distribute as dividends to non-redeeming shareholders.  The total return on a shareholder’s investment would generally not be reduced as a result of the Fund’s use of this practice. If the IRS were to determine that the Fund’s equalization method is improper and that the Fund has under-distributed its income and gain for any taxable year, the Fund may be liable for federal income and/or excise tax.

 

If the Fund retains any net capital gain, it will also be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and (iii) will be entitled to obtain a refund of the excess, if any, of their allocable share of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount over the shareholder’s tax liability on such amount. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence.

 

Generally, the excess (if any) of the Fund’s net short-term capital loss over the net long-term capital gain for a taxable year will carry over as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the next tax year. In addition, the excess (if any) of the Fund’s net long-term capital loss over the net short-term capital gain for the year will carry over as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the next tax year. All capital losses of the Fund may be carried forward indefinitely until they can be used to offset capital gains. If future capital gains are offset by carried-forward capital losses, such future capital gains are not subject to Fund-level federal income tax, regardless of whether they are distributed to shareholders. However, future capital gains offset by carried-forward capital losses are generally subject to taxation as ordinary dividends to shareholders if distributed. Accordingly, the Fund does not expect to distribute any capital gains offset by carried-forward capital losses. The Fund cannot carry back or carry forward any net operating losses.

 

A regulated investment company may elect to treat any post-October capital loss (defined as the company’s net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss, as applicable, in each case attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31) and late-year ordinary loss (generally, (i) net ordinary losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31, plus (ii) other net ordinary losses attributable to the portion of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.

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If the Fund fails to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its net capital gain income for the one year period ending on October 31 of such year, plus any retained amount for the prior year, the Fund will be subject to a non-deductible excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property that would be properly taken into account after October 31 are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. For purposes of the excise tax, the Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending within the calendar year. A dividend paid to shareholders in January of a year generally is deemed to have been paid on December 31 of the preceding year, if the dividend is declared and payable to the shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year.

 

The Fund intends to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the excise tax, although there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so. Moreover, the Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant (for example, the amount of excise tax to be paid is deemed de minimis by the Fund).

 

Taxation of Fund Distributions

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment company taxable income are generally taxable as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s current or accumulated “earnings and profits.” Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares. Distributions of net capital gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for more than one year and from other long-term capital gains recognized by the Fund and that are properly designated by the Fund as capital gain dividends (i.e., “capital gain dividends”) will be taxable to Fund shareholders as long-term capital gains. Generally, distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income.

 

The Fund may designate certain dividends as derived from “qualified dividend income,” which, when received by an individual or other non-corporate shareholder, will be taxed at the maximum federal income tax rate applicable to long-term capital gain, which (for this purpose) is 20% (in addition to the surtax described in “Surtax on Net Investment Income”,” below). Dividend income distributed to individual and other non-corporate shareholders will qualify as “qualified dividend income” as that term is defined in section 1(h)(11)(B) of the Code to the extent such distributions are attributable to income from the Fund’s investments in common and preferred stock of U.S. companies and stock of certain qualified foreign corporations provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met by both the Fund and the shareholders. The Fund does not expect a significant portion of distributions to be derived from qualified dividend income.

 

Distributions of earnings and gains are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before a shareholder invested in the Fund (and thus were included in the price the shareholder paid), and whether shareholders receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares (other than distributions, if any, designated by the Fund as “exempt-interest dividends,” a designation which the Fund generally does not expect to make). Any gain resulting from the sale or exchange of Fund shares generally will be taxable as capital gains. Distributions declared and payable by the Fund during October, November or December to shareholders of record on a date in any such month and paid by the Fund during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as paid by the Fund and received by shareholders on December 31st of the year in which declared rather than the calendar year in which they were received.

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The maximum long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals is generally 20%. Capital gains are also subject to the 3.8% surtax on net investment income. See “Surtax on Net Investment Income.”

 

Dividends received by corporate shareholders that are reported by the Fund in a written statement furnished to shareholders may qualify for the 50% dividends received deduction to the extent of the amount of qualifying dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations and to the extent (if any) that a portion of interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund are treated as dividends, subject (in either case) to certain holding period requirements and debt-financing limitations.

 

If the Fund makes a distribution in excess of its current and accumulated “earnings and profits” in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder’s basis in his or her shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of such shares.

 

Sale or Redemption of Shares

 

The sale or redemption of Fund shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to the shares. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitation.

 

All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed if other substantially identical shares of the Fund are purchased within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

 

Special Tax Considerations

 

The following discussion relates to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of the investment policies of the Fund.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Companies

 

The Fund does not expect to have significant investments in foreign investment entities referred to as “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”). In order to avoid U.S. federal income tax and an additional interest charge on a portion of any “excess distribution” from PFICs or gain from the disposition of shares of a PFIC, the Fund may elect to “mark-to-market” annually its investments in such entities, which would result in the Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased all the PFIC stock at the end of each year. As a result of the mark-to-market election, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. By making the mark-to-market election, the Fund could potentially mitigate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. The Fund may have to distribute this “phantom” income and gain to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the excise tax described above. Alternatively, the Fund may elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (a “QEF election”), in which case the Fund would be required to include its share of the company’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives distributions from the PFIC. As with the mark-to-market election, these amounts would be taken into account by the Fund for purposes of satisfying the distribution requirement and the excise tax distribution requirement. Under Treasury Regulation finalized in 2019, earnings included in income under a QEF election would be qualifying dividend income for a regulated investment company if the earnings are distributed in the taxable year in which they are earned. The Treasury Regulations also provide that if an amount is included in gross income of a regulated investment company pursuant to a QEF election and is derived with respect to the regulated investment company’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, then such amount will be qualifying income for the regulated investment company, whether or not currently distributed. In order to make a QEF election, the Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain. Dividends paid by PFICs or foreign corporations that were PFICs in the year preceding the payment of the dividend will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.

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Non-U.S. Taxes

 

The Fund may be liable to non-U.S. governments for taxes relating primarily to investment income or capital gains on non-U.S. securities in the Fund’s portfolio. If at the close of its taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets consist of securities of foreign corporations (including foreign governments), the Fund may make an election under the Code that would allow Fund shareholders who are U.S. persons or U.S. corporations to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their U.S. income tax return for their pro rata portion of qualified taxes paid by that Fund to non-U.S. countries in respect of non-U.S. securities held at least a minimum period as specified in the Code. If the Fund were eligible for and were to make the election, the amount of each shareholder’s distribution reported on the information returns filed by the Fund with the IRS must be increased by the amount of the shareholder’s portion of the Fund’s foreign tax paid. A shareholder’s ability to claim all or a part of a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by the Fund may be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code.

 

If the Fund were to qualify as a “qualified fund of funds,” the Fund could be entitled to elect to pass-through its foreign tax credits without regard to the above-described 50% requirement. For this purpose, the term “qualified funds of funds” means a regulated investment company if (at the close of each quarter of the taxable year) at least 50% of the value of its total assets is represented by interests in other regulated investment companies. The Fund makes no assurance as to either the availability of any election discussed in this section or the Fund’ willingness to make any such election.

 

Non-U.S. Currency Transactions

 

Transactions in non-U.S. currencies, non-U.S. currency denominated debt obligations and certain non-U.S. currency options, future contracts, and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the non-U.S. currency concerned and may increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxes payable by shareholders of the Fund. Certain of the Fund’s transactions, if any, in foreign currencies and foreign currency denominated instruments are likely to result in a difference between the Fund’s book income and taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of the Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital or capital gain for tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to avoid excise tax liability and to qualify as a regulated investment company, which may have the effect of accelerating taxable distributions to shareholders of the Fund.

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Financial Products

 

The Fund’s investments in options, futures contracts, derivatives, hedging transactions, forward contracts, swaps and certain other transactions may be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale, short sale and other rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income recognized by the Fund, defer Fund losses, cause adjustments in the holding periods of Fund securities, convert capital gain into ordinary income and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to Fund shareholders. 

 

Some of the Fund’s investments, such as certain option transactions and futures transactions in foreign currency contracts that are traded in the interbank market, may be “section 1256 contracts.” Gains and losses on section 1256 contracts are generally treated as 60% long-term capital and 40% short-term capital, although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as entirely ordinary in character. Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of a taxable year are “marked to market” for income tax purposes, meaning that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized (and treated on the 60/40 basis described above).

 

Certain positions undertaken by the Fund may constitute “straddles” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character of gains or losses realized by the Fund. Losses realized by the Fund that are part of a straddle may be deferred beyond the point in time that they are realized. The straddle rules, if applicable, could increase the amount of short-term capital gain realized by the Fund which is taxed as ordinary income when distributed to shareholders. Certain income tax elections that the Fund may make with respect to straddles could affect the character and timing of recognition of gains and losses.

 

Rules governing the tax aspects of notional principal contracts in which the Fund may invest are not clear in various respects. As a result, the IRS could challenge the Fund’s methods of accounting for such contracts for tax purposes, and such a challenge could affect the status of the Fund as a regulated investment company.

 

The Fund may make short sales of securities. Short sales may increase the amount of short-term capital gains realized by the Fund, which is taxed as ordinary income to the shareholders when distributed. Short sales may also constitute “constructive sales” in certain circumstances, which would result in taxable income before the short-sale positions are terminated.

 

Certain of the Fund’s hedging activities including its transactions in options, futures contracts and foreign currencies, are likely to result in a difference between the Fund’s book income and taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of the Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital or capital gain for tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to avoid excise tax liability and to qualify as a regulated investment company, which may have the effect of accelerating taxable distributions to shareholders.

 

The application of certain federal income tax rules may be unclear in some respects in connection with investments in certain derivatives and other investments. As a result, the Fund may be required to limit the extent to which it invests in such investments and it is also possible that the IRS may not agree with the Fund’s treatment of such investments. In addition, the tax treatment of derivatives and certain other investments may be affected new income tax rules (which could apply retroactively) that could affect the timing, character and amount of the Fund’s income and gains and distributions to shareholders, affect whether the Fund has made sufficient distributions and otherwise satisfied the requirements to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid federal income and excise taxes or limit the extent to which the Fund may invest in certain derivatives and other investments in the future.

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Securities Issued or Purchased at a Discount

 

The Fund’s investment in debt obligations issued at a discount and certain other obligations will (and investments in debt obligations purchased at a discount may) require the Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. In addition, payment-in-kind securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed even though the Fund does not receive an interest payment in cash on the security during the year. In order to generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise would have continued to hold. The Fund may realize gains or losses from such sales. In the event the Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they would in the absence of such transactions.

 

Some debt obligations that are acquired by the Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. Market discount” is generally the excess of the stated redemption price of the bond at maturity over the basis of the bond immediately after its acquisition by the taxpayer. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on such debt security. Market discount generally accrues in equal daily installments. The Fund may make certain elections applicable to debt obligations having market discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.

 

For financial accounting purposes, depending upon the type of instrument involved and its credit quality, both original issue discount and market discount may be recognized over the expected or contractual life of the instrument.  The 2017 Tax Act requires accrual-method taxpayers to recognize items of gross income for tax purposes no later than the year in which the taxpayer recognizes the income for financial accounting purposes. The IRS has said that it will not apply this provision to require the recognition of accrued market discount. However, it is possible that regulations issued under the 2017 Tax Act will require the acceleration of recognition of original issue discount by the Fund for federal income tax purposes for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018.

 

Backup Withholding

 

The Fund generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any non-corporate shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number (“TIN”), or who has under-reported dividend or interest income, and to any shareholder that fails to certify to the Fund that it is not subject to such withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is 24% for tax years beginning before January 1, 2026.

 

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a shareholder generally may be refunded or credited against the shareholder’s federal income tax liability, if any, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the Internal Revenue Service. A shareholder who has not been notified by the IRS that the shareholder has failed to report interest or dividends may normally avoid backup withholding by furnishing a properly completed IRS Form W-9. If a shareholder fails to furnish a valid TIN upon request, the shareholder can be subject to IRS penalties.

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Cost Basis Reporting

 

The fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to fund shareholders the cost basis information for fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012 (“covered shares”), and redeemed, exchanged or otherwise sold on or after that date. The Fund will also be required to report the cost basis information for covered shares and indicate whether these shares had a short-term or long-term holding period. In the absence of an election by a shareholder to elect from certain cost basis methods which have been accepted by the IRS, the Fund will use a default cost basis method. The cost basis method elected or applied may not be changed after the settlement date of a sale of Fund shares. Once the Fund shareholder has elected a cost basis reporting method, the election will apply to all future transactions in covered shares unless the shareholder revokes or changes the standing election. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers concerning the most desirable IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the cost basis reporting law applies to them. The Fund is required to report the gross proceeds from the sale of all Fund shares (whether or not they are “covered shares”).

 

You should consult with your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.

 

Surtax on Net Investment Income

 

A surtax of 3.8% applies to net investment income of an individual taxpayer and on the undistributed net investment income of certain estates and trusts to the extent that such taxpayer’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a certain amount. Net investment income includes interest, dividends, royalties, rents, gross income from a trade or business involving passive activities, and net gain from disposition of property (other than certain property held in a non-passive trade or business).  Ordinary income and capital gain distributions received by a Fund shareholder from the Fund, as well as the shareholder’s net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares, will be included in the shareholder’s net investment income. Net investment income is reduced by deductions properly allocable to such income.

 

Foreign Accounts

 

Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (or “FATCA”), foreign financial institutions as defined by FATCA (“FFIs”) or non-financial foreign entities as defined by FATCA (“NFFEs”) that are shareholders of the Fund may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on: (1) income dividends paid by the Fund, and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of a sale of Fund shares. The FATCA withholding tax generally may be avoided: (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by U.S. persons with the FFI, and (b) by an NFFE, if it: (i) certifies that is has no substantial U.S. persons as owners or (ii) if it does have such owners, reporting information relating to them to the withholding agent (which may be the Fund). The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements (each, an “IGA”) with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with other foreign countries with respect to one or more alternative approaches to implement FATCA. An entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of an IGA and applicable local law instead of U.S. Treasury regulations.

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An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding by becoming a “participating FFI,” which requires the FFI to enter into a tax compliance agreement with the IRS under section 1471(b) of the Code under which it agrees to verify, report and disclose certain of its U.S. accountholders and provided that such entity meets certain other specified requirements. The FFI will report to the IRS, or, depending on the FFI’s country of residence, to the government of that country (pursuant to the terms and conditions of an applicable IGA and applicable law), which will, in turn, report to the IRS. An FFI that is resident in a country that has entered into an IGA with the U.S. to implement FATCA will be exempt from FATCA withholding provided that the FFI shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

 

An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from the Fund can avoid FATCA withholding generally by certifying that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or by providing the name, address and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner. The NFFE will report to the Fund or other applicable withholding agent, which will, in turn, report information to the IRS.

 

Such foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted or deemed compliant categories as established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in the Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA in order to avoid FATCA withholding. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the U.S. certification rules to avoid backup withholding described above.

 

The 2017 Tax Act

 

The 2017 Tax Act substantially altered the U.S. federal income tax rules for the taxation of individuals and corporations. Several provisions of the 2017 Tax Act are described in the relevant portions of this SAI. The 2017 Tax Act also makes numerous changes to the tax rules that do not affect regulated investment companies directly but may affect shareholders and may indirectly affect the Fund. Among many other tax changes introduced by the Act, the Act changes marginal income tax rates applicable to individuals and other taxpayers. Most of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and will apply only to taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026. The 2017 Tax Act does not change the maximum federal income tax rates that apply to long-term capital gains recognized by noncorporate taxpayers, but it does alter the income thresholds at which such tax rates become applicable.

 

The 2017 Act also establishes a deduction of up to 20% for qualified business income received by noncorporate taxpayers from certain pass-through businesses, including publicly traded partnerships and real estate investment trusts (“REITS”) but not generally including regulated investment companies. Under proposed regulations, this deduction may be available for shareholders of regulated investment companies (including the Fund) for certain qualified dividends that regulated investment companies derive from REITs. The IRS is still considering whether to the deduction should be available for shareholders of regulated investment companies for income derived from publicly traded partnerships.

 

Other Tax Matters

 

Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans and other types of tax-exempt organizations. Shareholders should consult their tax adviser to determine the suitability of shares of the Fund as an investment through such plans or organizations and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situation.

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The foregoing discussion relates solely to U.S. federal income tax law. Dividends and distributions also may be subject to state and local taxes. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding specific questions as to U.S. federal, state, local and, where applicable, foreign taxes. Foreign investors should consult their tax advisers concerning the U.S. federal tax consequences of ownership of shares of the Fund, including the certification and filing requirements imposed on foreign investors in order to qualify for exemption from the backup withholding tax (or to qualify for a reduced rate of withholding provided by a treaty).

 

The foregoing is a general and abbreviated summary of the applicable provisions of the Code and related regulations currently in effect. For the complete provisions, reference should be made to the pertinent Code sections and regulations. The Code and regulations are subject to change by legislative or administrative actions.

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST

 

The Trust was organized as a Delaware business trust on November 30, 1993 and consists of multiple separate portfolios or series. The Board may establish additional series in the future. The capitalization of the Trust consists solely of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest with no par value.

 

The Trust consists of multiple separate portfolios or funds. When certain matters affect one fund but not another, the shareholders would vote as a fund regarding such matters. Subject to the foregoing, on any matter submitted to a vote of shareholders, all shares then entitled to vote will be voted separately by the fund unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act, in which case all shares will be voted in the aggregate. For example, a change in a fund’s fundamental investment policies would be voted upon only by shareholders of the fund. Additionally, approval of the Investment Advisory Contract and Management Contracts are matters to be determined separately by the fund.

 

Approval by the shareholders of one fund is effective as to that fund whether or not sufficient votes are received from the shareholders of the other fund to approve the proposal as to that fund. The term “majority,” when referring to approvals to be obtained from shareholders of a fund means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the fund or class represented at a meeting if the holder of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the fund or class are present in person or by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the fund. The term “majority,” when referring to the approvals to be obtained from shareholders of the Trust as a whole means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the Trust’s shares represented at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding shares are present in person or proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding shares. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held and fractional votes for fractional shares held.

 

The Trust is not required to hold regular annual meetings of a fund’s shareholders and does not intend to do so. However, the Trust undertakes to hold a special meeting of its shareholders if the purpose of voting on the question of removal of a director or trustees is requested in writing by the holders of at least 10% of the Trust’s outstanding voting securities, and to assist in communicating with other shareholders as required by Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act. The Trust Instrument provides that the holders of not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust may remove a person serving as Trustee either by declaration in writing or at a meeting called for such purpose.

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Each share of the Fund represents an equal proportional interest in the Fund with each other share and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income earned on the assets belonging to the Fund as are declared in the discretion of the Trustees. In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of the Trust, shareholders of the Fund are entitled to receive the assets attributable to the Fund that are available for distribution, and a distribution of any general assets of the Trust not attributable to the Fund that are available for distribution in such manner and on such basis as the Trustees in their sole discretion may determine.

 

Shareholders are not entitled to any preemptive rights. All shares, when issued, will be fully paid and non-assessable by the Trust.

 

Under Delaware law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of a series of the Trust but only to the extent of the shareholder’s investment in such series. However, the Trust Instrument disclaims liability of the shareholders, Trustees or Officers of the Trust for acts or obligations of the Trust, which are binding only on the assets and property of each series of the Trust and requires that notice of the disclaimer be given in each contract or obligations entered into or executed by the Trust or the Trustees. The risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Trust itself would be unable to meet its obligations and should be considered remote and is limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment in the Fund.

 

OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND

 

Custodian. MUFG Union Bank, National Association (the “Custodian”), located at 350 California Street, 6th Floor, San Francisco, California 94104, serves as the custodian for the Fund. As such, the Custodian holds in safekeeping certificated securities and cash belonging to the Fund and, in such capacity, is the registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to the Fund. Upon instruction, the Custodian receives and delivers cash and securities of the Fund in connection with Fund transactions and collects all dividends and other distributions made with respect to Fund portfolio securities. The Custodian also maintains certain accounts and records of the Fund.

 

Transfer Agent. ALPS, pursuant to a Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, serves as transfer agent for the Fund.  As Transfer Agent, ALPS has, among other things, agreed to (i) issue and redeem shares of the Fund; (ii) make dividend and other distributions to shareholders of the Fund; (iii) effect transfers of shares; (iv) mail communications to shareholders of the Fund, including account statements, confirmations, and dividend and distribution notices; (v) facilitate the electronic delivery of shareholder statements and reports and (vi) maintain shareholder accounts.  Under the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, ALPS receives from the Trust an annual minimum fee and a fee based upon the number of shareholder accounts and is also reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses. As described above, ALPS is an affiliate of ADI.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Deloitte & Touche LLP (“Deloitte”) serves as the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm. Deloitte is located at 1601 Wewatta Street, Suite 400, Denver, Colorado 80202.

 

Counsel. Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP serves as counsel to the Fund and is located at 1550 17th Street, Suite 500, Denver, Colorado 80202.

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PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

 

Yield and Total Return. The Fund may from time to time include the yield and/or total return of its shares in advertisements or information in advertisements or information furnished to present or prospective shareholders.

 

The Fund’s yield will vary from time to time depending upon market conditions, the composition of its portfolios and operating expenses of the Trust allocated to the Fund. These factors, possible differences in the methods used in calculating yield, and the tax exempt status of distributions, should be considered when comparing the Fund’s yield to yields published for other investment companies and other investment vehicles. Yield should also be considered relative to changes in the value of the Fund’s shares and to the relative risks associated with the investment objectives and policies of the Fund.

 

At any time in the future, yields and total return may be higher or lower than past yields and there can be no assurance that any historical results will continue.

 

Investors in the Fund are specifically advised that share prices, expressed as the net asset value per share, will vary just as yield will vary. An investor’s focus on the yield of the Fund to the exclusion of the consideration of the share price of the Fund may result in the investor’s misunderstanding the total return he or she may derive from the Fund.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The financial statements and financial highlights in the April 30, 2019 Annual Report (the “Annual Report”) of the Fund are incorporated in this SAI by reference.  The financial statements and financial highlights in the Annual Report have been audited by Deloitte, whose report thereon appears in the Annual Report.  You can obtain additional copies of such Annual Report at no charge by writing or telephoning the Fund at the address or number on the front page of this SAI.

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APPENDIX A

 

DESCRIPTION OF securities RATINGS

 

The Fund may make use of average portfolio credit quality standards to assist institutional investors whose own investment guidelines limit their investments accordingly. In determining the Fund’s overall dollar-weighted average quality, unrated securities are treated as if rated, based on the adviser’s view of their comparability to rated securities. The Fund’s use of average quality criteria is intended to be a guide for those investors whose investment guidelines require that assets be invested according to comparable criteria. Reference to an overall average quality rating for the Fund does not mean that all securities held by the Fund will be rated in that category or higher. The Fund’s investments may range in quality from securities rated in the lowest category in which the Fund is permitted to invest to securities rated in the highest category (as rated by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch or, if unrated, determined by the adviser to be of comparable quality). The percentage of the Fund’s assets invested in securities in a particular rating category will vary. Following is a description of Moody’s, S&P’s and Fitch’s ratings applicable to fixed-income securities.

 

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.

 

Corporate and Municipal Bond Ratings

 

Aaa: Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edge.” Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.

 

Aa: Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present that make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than with Aaa securities.

 

A: Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper-medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present that suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.

 

Baa: Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations (i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured), interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.

 

Ba: Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well-assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.

A -1

 

B: Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of a desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.

 

Caa: Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.

 

Ca: Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.

 

C: Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.

 

Moody’s bond ratings, where specified, are applicable to financial contracts, senior bank obligations and insurance company senior policyholder and claims obligations with an original maturity in excess of one year. Obligations relying upon support mechanisms such as letter-of-credit and bonds of indemnity are excluded unless explicitly rated. Obligations of a branch of a bank are considered to be domiciled in the country in which the branch is located.

 

Unless noted as an exception, Moody’s rating on a bank’s ability to repay senior obligations extends only to branches located in countries which carry a Moody’s Sovereign Rating for Bank Deposits. Such branch obligations are rated at the lower of the bank’s rating or Moody’s Sovereign Rating for the Bank Deposits for the country in which the branch is located. When the currency in which an obligation is denominated is not the same as the currency of the country in which the obligation is domiciled, Moody’s ratings do not incorporate an opinion as to whether payment of the obligation will be affected by the actions of the government controlling the currency of denomination. In addition, risk associated with bilateral conflicts between an investor’s home country and cither the issuer’s home country or the country where an issuer branch is located are not incorporated into Moody’s ratings.

 

Moody’s makes no representation that rated bank obligations or insurance company obligations are exempt from registration under the Securities Act or issued in conformity with any other applicable law or regulation. Nor does Moody’s represent that any specific bank or insurance company obligation is legally enforceable or a valid senior obligation of a rated issuer.

 

Moody’s applies numerical modifiers, 1,2, and 3 in each generic rating classified from Aa through Caa in its corporate bond rating system. The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.

 

Corporate Short-Term Debt Ratings

 

Moody’s short-term debt ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to repay punctually senior debt obligations. These obligations have an original maturity not exceeding one year, unless explicitly noted.

 

Moody’s employs the following three designations, all judged to be investment-grade, to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:

A -2

 

PRIME-1: Issuers rated Prime-1 (or supporting institutions) have a superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. Prime-1 repayment ability will often be evidenced by many of the following characteristics: leading market positions in well-established industries; high rates of return on funds employed: conservative capitalization structure with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection; broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation; and well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity.

 

PRIME-2: Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, may be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.

 

PRIME-3: Issuers rated Prime-3 (or supporting institutions) have an acceptable ability for repayment of senior short-term obligations. The effect of industry characteristics and market compositions may be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and may require relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.

 

NOT PRIME: Issuers rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

 

Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services

 

Issue Credit Rating Definitions

 

A Standard & Poor’s issue credit rating is a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The issue credit rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold a financial obligation, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor.

 

Issue credit ratings are based on current information furnished by the obligors or obtained by Standard & Poor’s from other sources it considers reliable. Standard & Poor’s does not perform an audit in connection with any credit rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. Credit ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information, or based on other circumstances.

 

Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days, including commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. The result is a dual rating, in which the short-term rating addresses the put feature, in addition to the usual long-term rating. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.

 

Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations: likelihood of payment - capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation: nature of and provisions of the obligation; protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.

A -3

 

The issue rating definitions are expressed in terms of default risk. As such, they pertain to senior obligations of an entity. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation applies when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.) Accordingly, in the case of junior debt the rating may not conform exactly with the category definition.

 

Corporate and Municipal Bond Ratings

 

Investment-grade

 

AAA: An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

AA: An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest rated obligations only in small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

 

A: An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

 

BBB: An obligation rated ‘BBS’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

Speculative Grade

 

Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’ and ‘C’ are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

 

BB: An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B: An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

CCC: An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

A -4

 

CC: An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

 

C: A subordinated debt or preferred stock obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘C’ rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued. A ‘C’ also will be assigned to a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments, but that is currently paying.

 

D: An obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

 

Plus (+) or Minus (–): The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

 

Provisional ratings: The letter “p” indicates that the rating is provisional. A provisional rating assumes the successful completion of the project being financed by the debt being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely or entirely dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the project. This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the project, makes no comment on the likelihood of, or the risk of default upon failure of, such completion. The investor should exercise his own judgment with respect to such likelihood and risk.

 

r: This symbol is attached to the ratings of instruments with significant noncredit risks. It highlights risks to principal or volatility of expected returns which are not addressed in the credit rating. Examples include: obligations linked or indexed to equities, currencies, or commodities; obligations exposed to severe prepayment risk - such as interest-only or principal-only mortgage securities; and obligations with unusually risky interest terms, such as inverse floaters.

 

The absence of an “r” symbol should not be taken as an indication that an obligation will exhibit no volatility or variability in total return.

 

N.R.: This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

 

Debt obligations of issuers outside the United States and its territories are rated on the same basis as domestic corporate and municipal issues. The ratings measure the creditworthiness of the obligor but do not take into account currency exchange and related uncertainties.

 

Commercial Paper Rating Definitions

 

A Standard & Poor’s commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of debt having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from A for the highest quality obligations to D for the lowest. These categories are as follows:

 

A-1: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

A -5

 

A-2: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

 

A-3: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B: A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

C: A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

D: A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

 

A commercial paper rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a security inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor. The ratings are based on current information furnished to Standard & Poor’s by the issuer or obtained from other sources it considers reliable. Standard & Poor’s does not perform an audit in connection with any rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in or unavailability of such information.

 

Fitch Investor Services, Inc

 

Credit Ratings

 

Fitch’s credit ratings provide an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving their money back in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitch’s credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign (including supranational and sub-national), financial, bank, insurance, municipal and other public finance entities and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.

 

The use of credit ratings defines their function: “investment grade” ratings (international Long-term ‘AAA’ to ‘BBB-’ categories; Short-term ‘F1’ to ‘F3’) indicate relatively low to moderate credit risk, while those in the “speculative” or “non investment grade” categories (international Long-term ‘BB+’ to ‘D’; Short-term ‘B’ to ‘D’) either signal a higher level of credit risk or that a default has already occurred. Credit ratings express risk in relative rank order, which is to say they are ordinal measures of credit risk and are not predictive of a specific frequency of default or loss.

A -6

 

Depending on their application, credit ratings address benchmark measures of probability of default as well relative expectations of loss given default. For example, issuers are typically assigned Issuer Default Ratings that are relative measures of default probability. Similarly, short-term credit ratings give primary consideration to the likelihood that obligations will be met on a timely basis. Securities, however, are rated taking into consideration probability of default and loss given default. As a result, for entities such as corporations security ratings may be rated higher, lower or the same as the issuer rating to reflect expectations of the security’s relative recovery prospects, as well as differences in ability and willingness to pay. While recovery analysis plays an important role throughout the ratings scale, it becomes a more critical consideration for below investment-grade securities and obligations, particularly at the lower end of the non-investment-grade ratings scale where Fitch often publishes actual Recovery Ratings, that are complementary to the credit ratings.

 

Structured finance ratings typically are assigned to each individual security or tranche in a transaction, and not to an issuer. Each structured finance tranche is rated on the basis of various stress scenarios in combination with its relative seniority, prioritization of cash flows and other structural mechanisms.

 

International Long-Term Credit Ratings

 

International Long-Term Credit Ratings (LTCR) may also be referred to as Long-Term Ratings. When assigned to most issuers, it is used as a benchmark measure of probability of default and is formally described as an Issuer Default Rating (IDR). The major exception is within Public Finance, where IDRs will not be assigned as market convention has always focused on timeliness and does not draw analytical distinctions between issuers and their underlying obligations. When applied to issues or securities, the LTCR may be higher or lower than the issuer rating (IDR) to reflect relative differences in recovery expectations.

 

The following rating scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings:

 

Investment Grade

 

AAA

 

Highest credit quality. ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

 

AA

 

Very high credit quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

 

A

 

High credit quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

A -7

 

BBB

 

Good credit quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that there is currently expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment grade category.

 

Speculative Grade

 

BB

 

Speculative

 

‘BB’ ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this category are not investment grade.

 

B

 

Highly speculative

 

For issuers and performing obligations, ‘B’ ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

 

For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for extremely high recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘R1’ (outstanding).

 

CCC

 

For issuers and performing obligations, default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic conditions.

 

For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for average to superior levels of recovery. Differences in credit quality may be denoted by plus/minus distinctions. Such obligations typically would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘R2’ (superior), or ‘R3’ (good) or ‘R4’ (average).

 

CC

 

For issuers and performing obligations, default of some kind appears probable.

 

For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with a Recovery Rating of ‘R4’ (average) or ‘R5’ (below average).

 

C

 

For issuers and performing obligations, default is imminent.

 

For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for below-average to poor recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘R6’ (poor).

 

RD

 

Indicates an entity that has failed to make due payments (within the applicable grace period) on some but not all material financial obligations, but continues to honor other classes of obligations.

A -8

 

D

 

Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations. Default generally is defined as one of the following:

 

failure of an obligor to make timely payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of any financial obligation;

 

the bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of business of an obligor; or

 

the distressed or other coercive exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation.

 

Default ratings are not assigned prospectively; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period.

 

Issuers will be rated ‘D’ upon a default. Defaulted and distressed obligations typically are rated along the continuum of ‘C’ to ‘B’ ratings categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Additionally, in structured finance transactions, where analysis indicates that an instrument is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to meet pay interest and or principal in full in accordance with the terms of the obligation’s documentation during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default in accordance with the terms of the documentation is imminent, the obligation may be rated in the ‘B’ or ‘CCC-C’ categories.

 

Default is determined by reference to the terms of the obligations’ documentation. Fitch will assign default ratings where it has reasonably determined that payment has not been made on a material obligation in accordance with the requirements of the obligation’s documentation, or where it believes that default ratings consistent with Fitch’s published definition of default are the most appropriate ratings to assign.

 

International Short-Term Credit Ratings

 

The following ratings scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings. A Short-term rating has a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for US public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner.

 

F1

 

Highest credit quality. Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

 

F2

 

Good credit quality. A satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.

A -9

 

F3

 

Fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non investment grade.

 

B

 

Speculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

 

C

 

High default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

 

RD

 

Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other obligations.

 

D

 

Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.

 

Notes to International Long-Term and Short-Term ratings:

 

The modifiers “+” or “–” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ Long-term rating category, to categories below ‘CCC’ or to Short-term ratings other than ‘Fl’. (The +/– modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.)

 

Rating Watch: Ratings are placed on Rating Watch to notify investors that there is a reasonable probability of a rating change and the likely direction of such change. These are designated as “Positive,” indicating a potential upgrade, “Negative,” for a potential downgrade, or “Evolving,” if ratings may be raised, lowered or maintained. Rating Watch is typically resolved over a relatively short period.

 

Rating Outlook: An Outlook indicates the direction a rating is likely to move over a one to two-year period. Outlooks may be positive, stable or negative. A positive or negative Rating Outlook does not imply a rating change is inevitable. Similarly, ratings for which outlooks are “stable” could be upgraded or downgraded before an outlook moves to positive or negative if circumstances warrant such an action. Occasionally, Fitch Ratings may be unable to identify the fundamental trend. In these cases, the Rating Outlook may be described as evolving.

 

Program ratings (such as the those assigned to MTN shelf registrations) relate only to standard issues made under the program concerned: it should not be assumed that these ratings apply to every issue made under the program. In particular, in the case of non-standard issues, i.e. those that are linked to the credit of a third party or linked to the performance of an index, ratings of these issues may deviate from the applicable program rating.

 

Variable rate demand obligations and other securities which contain a short-term “put” or other similar demand feature will have a dual rating, such as AAA/F1+. The first rating reflects the ability to meet long-term principal and interest payments, whereas the second rating reflects the ability to honor the demand feature in full and on time.

A -10

 

Interest Only

 

Interest Only ratings are assigned to interest strips. These ratings do not address the possibility that a security holder might fail to recover some or all of its initial investment due to voluntary or involuntary principal repayments.

 

Principal Only

 

Principal Only ratings address the likelihood that a security holder will receive their initial principal investment either before or by the scheduled maturity date.

 

Rate of Return

 

Ratings also may be assigned to gauge the likelihood of an investor receiving a certain predetermined internal rate of return without regard to the precise timing of any cash flows.

 

‘PIF’

 

Paid-in-Full: denotes a security that is paid-in-full, matured, called, or refinanced.

 

‘NR’ indicates that Fitch Ratings does not rate the issuer or issue in question.

 

‘Withdrawn’: A rating is withdrawn when Fitch Ratings deems the amount of information available to be inadequate for rating purposes, or when an obligation matures, is called, or refinanced, or for any other reason Fitch Ratings deems sufficient.

A -11

 

APPENDIX B

 

Disciplined Growth Investors’ Proxy Policy

 

Originated on May 15, 2003

Reviewed on February 2, 2015

 

This policy is designed to reflect Disciplined Growth Investors’ fiduciary duty to vote proxies in favor of shareholder interests.

 

Disciplined Growth Investors is responsible for voting all proxies pertaining to the assets of each account unless the client retains proxy voting authority by providing written revocation of Disciplined Growth Investors’ authority to vote such proxies. Disciplined Growth Investors uses the proxy voting service of Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS), a subsidiary of MCSI Inc. (www.issgovernance.com). ISS is a recognized independent authority on governance and proxy voting for institutional and corporate clients. ISS’s research and proxy voting policies are designed on the premise that good corporate governance ultimately results in increased shareholder value. As such, Disciplined Growth Investors generally follows the recommendation of Institutional Shareholder Services. A copy of Institutional Shareholder Service's policy guideline can be made available upon request. From time to time, Disciplined Growth Investors will vote differently from the position taken by Institutional Shareholder Services based on our independent evaluation of the issue being voted upon.

 

If a client perceives a conflict of interest between the interests of the client and the interests of Disciplined Growth Investors, Disciplined Growth Investors will require the client to personally vote the proxy. A conflict of interest could arise, if for example, the client, or an affiliate of the client, has a relationship with an issuer that is seeking proxies. For example, if Disciplined Growth Investors is advising an employee benefit plan for a publicly held issuer, and that issuer is soliciting proxies on a contested matter such as change in control transaction or contested director election, Disciplined Growth Investors would likely require that the plan's trustee vote the proxy in those circumstances. There may be other circumstances in which a conflict situation could arise and the client would be required to vote the proxy.

 

B-1 

 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

August 31, 2019

 

Name of Fund   Ticker
Class A Class C

Institutional

Class

Investor

Class

Emerald Banking and Finance Fund HSSAX HSSCX HSSIX FFBFX
Emerald Growth Fund HSPGX HSPCX FGROX FFGRX
Emerald Insights Fund EFCAX EFCCX EFCIX EFCNX
Emerald Small Cap Value Fund ELASX ELCSX LSRYX LSRIX

 

P.O. Box 8556 

Denver, CO 80201

 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) expands upon and supplements the information contained in the current Prospectuses for Class A Shares, Class C Shares, Institutional Class Shares and Investor Class Shares (collectively, the “Shares”) of the Funds listed above, each of which is a separate series of Financial Investors Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”). Each of these series of the Trust represents shares of beneficial interest in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets with its own objective and policies. Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust (“Emerald” or the “Adviser”) is the investment adviser of each Fund.

 

This SAI is not a prospectus and is only authorized for distribution when preceded or accompanied by the Funds’ current prospectus dated August 31, 2019, as supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”). This SAI supplements and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus, a copy of which may be obtained without charge by writing the Funds at the address listed above, or by calling the Funds’ transfer agent at 1-855-828-9909. The Funds’ most recent Annual Report, if any, is incorporated by reference into this SAI and can be obtained free of charge, by calling the toll-free number printed above.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

  Page
Classification, Investment Objectives and Policies 1
Additional Investment Activities and Risks Applicable to the Funds

4

Other Practices 20
Investment Limitations 23
Portfolio Turnover  31
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings  31
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage 35
Purchase, Exchange & Redemption of Shares  37
Trustees and Officers  45
Investment Manager  54
Distributor 56
Code of Ethics 56
Administrator 56
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures 56
Principal Shareholders 57
Expenses 63
Portfolio Managers  64
Net Asset Value  67
Taxes  68
Description of the Trust 80
Other Information about the Funds  81
Performance Information  82
Financial Statements 82
Appendix A -- Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures A-1

 

 

CLASSIFICATION, INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

 

Financial Investors Trust

 

This Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”) includes information about the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, the Emerald Growth Fund, the Emerald Insights Fund and the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund (each a “Fund” and collectively the “Funds”). Each Fund is a series of the Financial Investors Trust (the “Trust”), an open-end, management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust on November 30, 1993. On March 15, 2012, as a result of the reorganization of the Forward Banking and Finance Fund and the Forward Growth Fund into the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund and the Emerald Growth Fund, respectively, the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund and the Emerald Growth Fund assumed the assets and liabilities of the Forward Banking and Finance Fund and the Forward Growth Fund, respectively (each a “Forward Predecessor Fund”). For this reason, certain historical information contained in this SAI for periods prior to March 15, 2012 is that of the Forward Predecessor Funds. On June 26, 2015, as a result of the reorganization of the Elessar Small Cap Value Fund into the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund, the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund assumed the assets and liabilities of the Elessar Small Cap Value fund (the “Elessar Predecessor Fund”). For this reason, certain historical information contained in this SAI for periods prior to June 26, 2015 is that of the Elessar Predecessor Fund.

 

Classification

 

The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), classifies mutual funds as either diversified or non-diversified. The following table shows each Fund’s classification:

 

Fund Name Classification
Emerald Banking and Finance Fund Diversified
Emerald Growth Fund Diversified
Emerald Insights Fund Diversified
Emerald Small Cap Value Fund Diversified

 

What are the Funds’ Investment Objectives?

 

The following table indicates each Fund’s investment objective:

 

Fund Name Investment Objective
Emerald Banking and Finance Fund The Emerald Banking and Finance Fund seeks long-term growth through capital appreciation.  Income is a secondary objective.
Emerald Growth Fund The Emerald Growth Fund seeks long-term growth through capital appreciation.
Emerald Insights Fund The Emerald Insights Fund seeks long-term growth through capital appreciation.
Emerald Small Cap Value Fund

The Fund seeks long-term capital appreciation. 

1 

 

While there is no assurance that each Fund will achieve its investment objective, each Fund endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in this prospectus.

 

Each Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change its investment objective without a shareholder vote. Each Fund will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to a Fund’s investment objective, you should consider whether a Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

What are each Fund’s Principal Investment Strategies?

 

The Emerald Banking and Finance Fund

 

Under normal conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets plus borrowings for investment purposes, if any, in a portfolio of equity securities (i.e., common stock, preferred stock, etc.) of companies principally engaged in the banking or financial services industries.

 

The Fund will usually emphasize small or medium market capitalization companies: those with a market capitalization of less than $1.5 billion. In addition, the Fund will invest not less than 25% of its net assets in securities of companies principally engaged in the banking industry and not less than 25% of its net assets in securities of companies principally engaged in the financial services industry. A company is defined as “principally engaged” in the banking or financial services industries if: a majority of the revenues or earnings were derived from the creation or sale of banking or financial services products; or a majority of the assets were devoted to such activities, based on the company’s most recent fiscal year.

 

Companies in the banking industry are defined to include U.S. commercial and industrial banking and savings institutions and their parent holding companies. Companies in the financial services industry are defined to include commercial and industrial finance companies, diversified financial services companies, investment banking, securities brokerage and investment advisory companies, real estate investment trusts, insurance and insurance holding companies, and leasing companies.

 

Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust (“Emerald” or the “Adviser”) utilizes a growth approach to choosing securities based upon fundamental research which attempts to identify companies whose earnings growth rate exceeds that of their peer group, exhibit a competitive advantage in niche markets, or do not receive significant coverage from other institutional investors.

 

The requirement that the Fund invest at least 80% of its net assets plus borrowings in certain types of securities, pursuant to Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act is applied at the time the Fund invests its assets. If, subsequent to an investment by the Fund, this requirement is no longer met, the Fund’s future investments will be made in a manner that will bring the Fund into compliance with this requirement. The Fund’s policy to invest at least 80% of its assets in such a manner is non-fundamental, which means that it may be changed without shareholder approval. The 80% investment policy of the Fund may be changed at any time by the Board. Shareholders will be given written notice at least 60 days prior to any change by the Fund of its 80% investment policy covered by Rule 35d-1.

2 

 

The Emerald Growth Fund

 

Under normal conditions, the Fund typically invests in equity securities, including common stocks, preferred stocks, and securities convertible into common or preferred stocks.

 

The Fund utilizes a fundamental approach to choosing securities: the research staff of Emerald conducts company-specific research analysis to identify companies whose earnings growth rate exceeds that of their peer group. Companies with perceived leadership positions and competitive advantages in niche markets that do not receive significant coverage from other institutional investors are favored.

 

The Fund can invest in companies from a wide range of industries and of various sizes. This includes smaller companies, which are defined by the Adviser as those having a market capitalization equal to or less than that of the largest companies in the Russell 2000 Index.

 

The Emerald Insights Fund

 

Under normal conditions, the Fund typically invests in equity securities, including common stocks, preferred stocks, and securities convertible into common or preferred stocks.

 

The Fund utilizes a fundamental approach to choosing securities: the Adviser's research staff conducts company-specific research analysis to identify companies whose earnings growth rate exceeds that of their peer group. Companies with perceived leadership positions and competitive advantages in niche markets that do not receive significant coverage from other institutional investors are favored.

 

The Fund can invest in companies from a wide range of industries and of various sizes. This includes mid and small-size companies. The Adviser typically defines mid-size companies as those having a market capitalization equal to or less than that of the largest companies in the Russell MidCap® Growth Index. The Adviser typically defines small-size companies as those having a market capitalization equal to or less than that of the largest companies in the Russell 2000 Growth Index.

 

The Emerald Small Cap Value Fund

 

Under normal conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its total assets in common stocks of domestic small capitalization companies, focusing on companies that Emerald believes possess a consistent track record of strong financial productivity. The Fund emphasizes a “value” investment style, investing in companies that appear underpriced according to certain financial measurements of their worth or business prospects. The Adviser defines small capitalization companies as those with a market capitalization between, and including, the smallest and largest companies contained in the Russell 2000 Value® Index at the time of purchase. The Fund may invest up to 20% of total assets in American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”) of small capitalization companies. ADRs are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign-based issuer held in trust by a bank or similar financial institution. They are alternatives to the direct purchase of the underlying securities in their national markets and currencies. The Fund will invest in ADRs that meet the same investment criteria as other small capitalization companies in the Fund. The Fund may invest up to 20% of total assets in Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REIT”s). A REIT is a pooled investment vehicle that purchases primarily income-producing real estate or real estate related interests. The Fund will invest in REITs with a market capitalization between, and including, the smallest and largest companies contained in the Russell 2000 Value® Index at the time of purchase. The Fund will invest in REITs that meet the same investment criteria as other small capitalization companies in the Fund.

 

The Fund is diversified, which means that it is limited in the percentage of assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. From time to time, the Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in a limited number of industry sectors, but will not concentrate in any particular industry or group of industries.

3 

 

All Funds

 

Each Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change its principal investment strategies without a shareholder vote. Each Fund will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to a Fund’s principal investment strategies, you should consider whether a Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES AND RISKS APPLICABLE TO THE FUNDS

 

Each Fund’s principal investment strategies, and the risks associated therewith, are described in the Fund’s “Principal Investment Strategies” and “Principal Risks” section of the Prospectus. Certain of those investment strategies and associated risks are described in greater detail in the following section. In addition, to the extent mentioned in each Fund’s principal investment strategies, and unless precluded by such strategies, each Fund may also invest in certain types of securities or pursue certain activities as discussed below. Each Fund, to the extent applicable, may be subject to additional risks in connection with its investments in such securities or as a result of each Fund’s investment strategies.

 

The following is not meant to be an exclusive list of all the securities and instruments in which each Fund may invest, the investment strategies in which it may engage, or the risks associated with both. Each Fund may invest in instruments and securities and engage in strategies other than those listed below, and may be subject to risks that are not described here. An investment strategy (and related risk) that is described below, but which is not described in the Fund’s Prospectus or above under “Investment Activities and Risks Applicable to the Funds” for the particular Fund, should not be considered to be a principal strategy (or related risk) applicable to the Fund.

 

Banking and Financial Services-Related Investment (Emerald Banking and Finance Fund Only)

 

The banking and financial services industries are comparatively narrow segments of the economy. Entities in these industries may be subject to additional risks such as increased competition within the sector or changes in legislation or government regulations. In addition, entities in these industries are particularly vulnerable to certain factors affecting the industries as a whole, such as the availability and cost of capital funds, changes in interest rates, the rate of corporate and consumer debt defaults, and price competition.

 

Bank Obligations

 

Bank obligations that may be purchased by each Fund include certificates of deposit, banker’s acceptances and fixed time deposits.  A certificate of deposit is a short-term negotiable certificate issued by a commercial bank against funds deposited in the bank and is either interest-bearing or purchased on a discount basis.  A banker’s acceptance is a short-term draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower, usually in connection with an international commercial transaction.  The borrower is liable for payment, as is the bank, which unconditionally guarantees to pay the draft at its face amount on the maturity date.  Fixed time deposits are obligations of branches of U.S. or non-U.S. banks which are payable at a stated maturity date and bear a fixed rate of interest.  Although fixed time deposits do not have a market, there are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in the deposit to a third party.  Bank obligations may be general obligations of the parent bank or may be limited to the issuing branch by the terms of the specific obligations or by government regulation.   Securities issued or guaranteed by non-U.S. banks and non-U.S. branches of U.S. banks are subject to many of the risks of investing in non-U.S. securities generally.

4 

 

Banks are subject to extensive governmental regulations which may limit both the amounts and types of loans and other financial commitments which may be made and interest rates and fees which may be charged.  The profitability of this industry is to a significant extent dependent upon the availability and cost of capital of funds used by the bank to finance its lending operations.  Also, general economic conditions play an important part in the operations of this industry and exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers might affect a bank’s ability to meet its obligations.

 

Cash Position

 

Each Fund may not always stay fully invested in stocks or bonds. For example, when the portfolio manager believes that market conditions are unfavorable for profitable investing, or when the portfolio manager is otherwise unable to locate attractive investment opportunities, the Fund’s cash or similar investments may increase. In other words, cash or similar investments generally are a residual – they represent the assets that remain after a Fund has committed available assets to desirable investment opportunities. When the Fund’s investments in cash or similar investments increase, it may not participate in market advance or declines to the same extent that it would if that Fund remained more fully invested in stocks or bonds.

 

Combined Transactions

 

Each Fund may enter into multiple transactions, including multiple options transactions, multiple futures transactions, multiple currency transactions (including forward currency contracts), multiple interest rate transactions and any combination of futures, options, currency and interest rate transactions, instead of a single derivative, as part of a single or combined strategy when, in the judgment of the Adviser, it is in the best interests of a Fund to do so. A combined transaction will usually contain elements of risk that are present in each of its component transactions. Although combined transactions will normally be entered into by a Fund based on the Adviser’s judgment that the combined strategies will reduce risk or otherwise more effectively achieve the desired portfolio management goal, it is possible that the combination will instead increase the risks or hinder achievement of a Fund’s investment objective.

 

Convertible Securities

 

Each Fund may invest in convertible securities, which are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stock or other securities, which may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock of the same or different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula.  A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged.  Before conversion, convertible securities ordinarily provide a stream of income, which generate higher yields than those of common stocks of the same or similar issuers but lower than the yield on non-convertible debt.  Convertible securities are usually subordinate or are comparable to non-convertible securities but rank senior to common stock or shares in a company’s capital structure.   The value of a convertible security is a function of (i) its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege and (ii) its worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock.  Convertible securities are typically issued by smaller capitalized companies whose stock prices may be volatile.  The price of a convertible security often reflects such variations in the price of the underlying common stock in a way that non-convertible debt does not.  A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument.

5 

 

Common Stock

 

Common stocks are shares of a corporation or other entity that entitle the holder to a pro rata share of the profits of the corporation, if any, without preference over any other shareholder or class of shareholders, including holders of the entity’s preferred stock and other senior equity. Common stock usually carries with it the right to vote and frequently an exclusive right to do so.

 

Common stocks of companies that the Adviser believes have earnings that will grow faster than the economy as a whole are known as growth stocks. Growth stocks typically trade at higher multiples of current earnings than other stocks. As a result, the values of growth stocks may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the values of other stocks. If the Adviser’s assessment of the prospects for a company’s earnings growth is wrong, or if its judgment of how other investors will value the company’s earnings growth is wrong, then the price of that company’s stock may fall or may not approach the value that the Adviser has placed on it.

 

Common stocks of companies that are not expected to experience significant earnings growth, but whose stocks the Adviser believes are undervalued compared to their true worth, are known as value stocks. These companies may have experienced adverse business developments or may be subject to special risks that have caused their stocks to be out of favor. If the Sub-Adviser’s assessment of a company’s prospects is wrong, or if other investors do not eventually recognize the value of the company, then the price of the company’s stocks may fall or may not approach the value that the Adviser has placed on it.

 

Many stocks have both “growth” and “value” characteristics, and for some stocks it may be unclear which category, if any, it fits into. Each Fund’s investment process is biased toward value.

 

Concentration (Emerald Banking and Finance Fund Only)

 

The Emerald Banking and Finance Fund concentrates its investments in issuers of one or more particular industries to the extent permitted by applicable regulatory guidance. There is a risk that those issuers (or industry sector) will perform poorly and negatively impact the Fund. Concentration risk results from maintaining exposure (long or short) to issuers conducting business in a specific industry. The risk of concentrating investments in a limited number of issuers in a particular industry is that the Fund will be more susceptible to the risks associated with that industry than a fund that does not concentrate its investments.

 

Credit Default Swaps

 

Each Fund may enter into credit default swap contracts for hedging purposes or to add leverage to its portfolio. When used for hedging purposes, a Fund would be the buyer of a credit default swap contract. In that case, a Fund would be entitled to receive the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation, index or other investment from the counterparty to the contract in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or foreign issuer, on the referenced debt obligation. In return, a Fund would pay to the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, a Fund would have spent the stream of payments and received no benefit from the contract. When a Fund is the seller of a credit default swap contract, it receives the stream of payments but is obligated to pay upon default of the referenced debt obligation. As the seller, a Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total assets, a Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.

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In addition to the risks applicable to derivatives generally, credit default swaps involve special risks because they are difficult to value, are highly susceptible to liquidity and credit risk, and generally pay a return to the party that has paid the premium only in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation, as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial difficulty.

 

Credit default swaps may be subject to regulation by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or both. Both the CFTC and the SEC have issued guidance and relief regarding the implementation of various provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) relating to the use of swaps. As they attempt to finalize various rulemakings mandated by the Dodd-Frank Act, either or both of the CFTC and SEC may issue additional guidance or relief to provide additional clarity. Further action by the CFTC or SEC may affect a Fund’s ability to use credit default swaps or may require additional disclosure by a Fund.

 

Credit Ratings

 

The securities in which either Fund will invest will not be required to meet a minimum rating standard and may not be rated for creditworthiness by any internationally recognized credit rating organization. Such securities, commonly referred to as “junk bonds,” involve significantly greater risks, including price volatility and risk of default of payment of interest and principal than higher rated securities. An investment in either Fund should not be considered as a complete investment program for all investors. Moreover, substantial investments in non-U.S. securities may have adverse tax implications as described under “Federal Income Taxes.”

 

The Adviser will take various factors into consideration in evaluating the creditworthiness of an issuer. For corporate debt securities, such factors typically include the issuer’s financial resources, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, the operating history of the issuer, and the experience and track record of the issuer’s management. For sovereign debt instruments, these will typically include the economic and political conditions within the issuer’s country, the issuer’s overall and external debt levels and debt service ratios, the issuer’s access to capital markets and other sources of funding, and the issuer’s debt service payment history. The Adviser will also review the ratings, if any, assigned to the security by any recognized rating organizations, although the Adviser’s judgment as to the quality of a debt security may differ from that suggested by the rating published by a rating service. In addition to the foregoing credit analysis, the Adviser will evaluate the relative value of an investment compared with its perceived credit risk. A Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective may be more dependent on the Adviser’s credit analysis than would be the case if it invested in higher quality debt securities. A description of the ratings used by Moody’s and S&P is set forth in Appendix A.

 

Derivatives

 

Each Fund may engage in a variety of derivative transactions in accordance with the applicable rules of the CFTC, and, to the extent applicable, the rules and regulations of certain national or foreign exchanges; however, no Fund will be obligated to use derivatives and no Fund makes any representation as to the availability of these techniques at this time or at any time in the future. Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index and may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities, related indexes and other assets. The types of derivatives in which a Fund may invest include, but are not limited to, interest rate, currency or stock or bond index futures contracts, currency forward contracts and currency swaps, the purchase and sale (or writing) of exchange listed and over-the-counter (“OTC”) put and call options on debt and equity securities, currencies, interest rate, currency or stock index futures and fixed-income and stock indices and other financial instruments, entering into various interest rate transactions such as swaps, caps floors, and collars, entering into equity swaps, caps and floors, the purchase and sale of indexed debt securities or trading in other similar types of instruments.

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Derivatives may be used, among other reasons, as part of a Fund’s investment strategy, to attempt to protect against possible changes in the market value of securities held or to be purchased for a Fund’s portfolio resulting from securities markets or currency exchange rate fluctuations, to protect a Fund’s unrealized gains in the value of its securities, to facilitate the sale of those securities for investment purposes, to manage the effective maturity or duration of a Fund’s portfolio or to establish a position in the derivatives markets as a temporary substitute for purchasing or selling particular securities or to seek to enhance a Fund’s income or gain. A Fund may use any or all types of derivatives which it is authorized to use at any time; no particular strategy will dictate the use of one type of transaction rather than another, as use of any authorized derivative will be a function of numerous variables, including market conditions. The ability of a Fund to utilize derivatives successfully will depend on numerous factors including the Adviser’s ability to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. These skills are different from those needed to select a Fund’s portfolio securities.

 

Subject to the constraints described above, a Fund may (if and to the extent so authorized) purchase and sell interest rate, currency or stock or bond index futures contracts and enter into currency forward contracts and currency swaps; purchase and sell (or write) exchange listed and OTC put and call options on securities, loan participations and assignments, currencies, futures contracts, indices and other financial instruments, and a Fund may enter into interest rate transactions, equity swaps and related transactions and other similar transactions which may be developed to the extent the Adviser determines that they are consistent with a Fund’s investment objective and policies and applicable regulatory requirements. A Fund’s interest rate transactions may take the form of swaps, caps, floors and collars, and the Fund’s currency transactions may take the form of currency forward contracts, currency futures contracts, currency swaps and options on currencies or currency futures contracts.

 

Certain standardized swap transactions are currently subject to mandatory central clearing or may be eligible for voluntary central clearing. Central clearing is expected to decrease counterparty risk and increase liquidity compared to uncleared swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterpart to each participant's swap. However, central clearing does not eliminate counterparty risk or illiquidity risk entirely. In addition depending on the size of a fund and other factors, the margin required under the rules of a clearinghouse and by a clearing member may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by a fund to support its obligations under a similar uncleared swap.

 

Derivatives involve special risks, including possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to the extent the Adviser’s view as to certain market movements is incorrect, the risk that the use of derivatives could result in significantly greater losses than if it had not been used. Losses resulting from the use of derivatives will reduce a Fund’s net asset value, and possibly income, and the losses may be significantly greater than if derivatives had not been used. The degree of a Fund’s use of derivatives may be limited by certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). When used, derivatives may increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxes payable by shareholders. See “Federal Income Taxes.”

8 

 

Rule 4.5 under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”), as amended, exempts an adviser of a fund that invests in “commodity interests” from registration as a “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) provided that, among other restrictions, the adviser enters into such positions solely for “bona fide hedging purposes” or limits its use of commodity interests for non-bona fide hedging purposes such that (i) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish non-bona fide hedging positions do not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of a fund’s portfolio, or (ii) the aggregate “notional value” of the non-bona fide hedging commodity interests do not exceed 100% of the liquidation value of a fund’s portfolio.

 

The Adviser intends to either: (i) comply with the requirements of the CEA by operating each Fund in a manner consistent with the restrictions of Rule 4.5, including filing a notice of eligibility of exemption from registration in accordance with applicable procedures and deadlines; (ii) comply with the requirements of the CEA by registering as a CPO with the CFTC and the National Futures Association; or (iii) operate each Fund in a manner such that the Fund will not be a “commodity pool” under the CEA.

 

Equity Investments

 

Each Fund may invest in equity securities. Equity securities (which generally include common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants, securities convertible into common or preferred stocks and similar securities) are generally volatile and more risky than some other forms of investment. Equity securities of companies with relatively small market capitalizations may be more volatile than the securities of larger, more established companies than the broad equity market indices generally. Common stock and other equity securities may take the form of stock in corporations, partnership interests, interests in limited liability companies and other direct or indirect interests in business organizations.

 

Exchange Traded Funds and Other Similar Instruments

 

Shares of exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and other similar instruments may be purchased by any Fund. Generally, an ETF is an investment company that is registered under the 1940 Act that holds a portfolio of securities designed to track the performance of a particular index or index segment. Similar instruments, used by pools that are not investment companies, offer similar characteristics and may be designed to track the performance of an index or basket of securities of companies engaged in a particular market or sector. ETFs sell and redeem their shares at net asset value in large blocks (typically 50,000 of its shares) called “creation units.” Shares representing fractional interests in these creation units are listed for trading on national securities exchanges and can be purchased and sold in the secondary market in lots of any size at any time during the trading day.

 

Investments in ETFs and other similar instruments involve certain inherent risks generally associated with investments in a broadly-based portfolio of stocks including: (i) risks that the general level of stock prices may decline, thereby adversely affecting the value of each unit of the ETF or other instrument; (ii) an ETF may not fully replicate the performance of its benchmark index because of temporary unavailability of certain index securities in the secondary market or discrepancies between the ETF and the index with respect to the weightings of securities or number of stocks held; (iii) an ETF may also be adversely affected by the performance of the specific index, market sector or group of industries on which it is based; and (iv) an ETF may not track an index as well as a traditional index mutual fund because ETFs are valued by the market and, therefore, there may be a difference between the market value and the ETF’s net asset value. Each Fund may both purchase and effect short sales of shares of ETFs and may also purchase and sell options on shares of ETFs. These investments may be used for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return (which is considered a speculative activity).

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Because ETFs and pools that issue similar instruments incur various fees and expenses, a Fund’s investment in these instruments will involve certain indirect costs, as well as transaction costs, such as brokerage commissions. The Adviser will consider expenses associated with an investment in determining whether to invest in an ETF or other instrument. In the case of ETFs that are investment companies, they invest substantially all of their assets in securities of various securities indices or a particular segment of a securities index. Most ETFs are listed and traded on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (“Arca”). The market price of ETFs is expected to fluctuate in accordance with both changes in the asset values of their underlying indices and supply and demand of an ETF’s shares on the Arca. ETFs may trade at relatively modest discounts or premiums to net asset value. In general, most ETFs have a limited operating history and information may be lacking regarding the actual performance and trading liquidity of such shares for extended periods or over complete market cycles. In addition, there is no assurance that the requirements of the Arca necessary to maintain the listing of ETFs in which a Fund invests will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. In the event substantial market or other disruptions affecting the shares of ETFs held by a Fund should occur in the future, the liquidity and value of that Fund’s shares could also be adversely affected. If such disruptions were to occur, that Fund could be required to reconsider the use of ETFs as part of its investment strategy.

 

Limitations of the 1940 Act, which prohibit any Fund from acquiring more than 3% of the outstanding shares of another investment company, may restrict the Fund’s ability to purchase shares of certain ETFs.

 

Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities

 

Each Fund may purchase securities on a firm commitment basis, including when-issued securities.  Securities purchased on a firm commitment basis are purchased for delivery beyond the normal settlement date at a stated price and yield.  No income accrues to the purchaser of a security on a firm commitment basis prior to delivery.  Such securities are recorded as an asset and are subject to changes in value based upon changes in the general level of interest rates.  Purchasing a security on a firm commitment basis can involve a risk that the market price at the time of delivery may be lower than the agreed upon purchase price, in which case there could be an unrealized loss at the time of delivery.  A Fund will only make commitments to purchase securities on a firm commitment basis with the intention of actually acquiring the securities, but may sell them before the settlement date if it is deemed advisable.  A Fund will designate liquid assets in an amount at least equal in value to the Fund’s commitments to purchase securities on a firm commitment basis.  If the value of these assets declines, the Fund will place additional liquid assets in the account on a daily basis so that the value of the assets in the account is equal to the amount of such commitments.

 

Fixed Income Securities

 

Each Fund may invest in fixed income securities. Fixed income securities generally pay a specified rate of interest or dividends, or a rate that is adjusted periodically by reference to some specified index or market rate or other factor. Fixed income securities may include securities issued by U.S. federal, state, local, and non-U.S. governments and other agencies and instrumentalities, and by a wide range of private or corporate issuers. Fixed income securities include, among others, bonds, notes, bills, debentures, convertible securities, bank obligations, mortgage and other asset-backed securities, loan participations and assignments and commercial paper.

10 

 

Because interest rates vary, it is impossible to predict the income of a Fund for any particular period. Except to the extent that values are affected independently by other factors such as developments relating to a specific issuer or group of issuers, when interest rates decline, the value of a fixed-income portfolio can generally be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a fixed-income portfolio can generally be expected to decline.  Prices of longer term securities generally increase or decrease more sharply than those of shorter term securities in response to interest rate changes, particularly if such securities were purchased at a discount.  It should be noted that the market values of securities rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities tend to react less to fluctuations in interest rate levels than do those of higher-rated securities.

 

Call or Buy-Back Features

 

In addition, many fixed-income securities contain call or buy-back features that permit their issuers to call or repurchase the securities from their holders.  Such securities may present risks based on payment expectations.  Although a Fund may typically receive a premium if an issuer were to redeem a security, if an issuer exercises such a “call option” and redeems the security during a time of declining interest rates, a Fund may realize a capital loss on its investment if the security was purchased at a premium and a Fund may have to replace the called security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased rate of return to a Fund.

 

Floating and Variable Rate Instruments

 

Each Fund may each invest in floating and variable rate obligations. Floating or variable rate obligations bear interest at rates that are not fixed, but vary with changes in specified market rates or indices, such as the prime rate, and at specified intervals. The variable rate obligations in which a Fund may invest include variable rate master demand notes, which are unsecured instruments issued pursuant to an agreement between the issuer and the holder that permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary and provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate.

 

Certain of the floating or variable rate obligations that may be purchased by a Fund may carry a demand feature that would permit the holder to tender them back to the issuer of the instrument or to a third party at par value prior to maturity.  Some of the demand instruments purchased by a Fund are not traded in a secondary market and derive their liquidity solely from the ability of the holder to demand repayment from the issuer or third party providing credit support.  If a demand instrument is not traded in a secondary market, the Fund will nonetheless treat the instrument as liquid for the purposes of its investment restriction limiting investments in illiquid securities unless the demand feature has a notice period of more than seven days; if the notice period is greater than seven days, such a demand instrument will be characterized as illiquid for such purpose.   The Fund’s right to obtain payment at par on a demand instrument could be affected by events occurring between the date the Fund elects to demand payment and the date payment is due that may affect the ability of the issuer of the instrument or a third party providing credit support to make payment when due.  To facilitate settlement, some demand instruments may be held in book entry form at a bank other than the Fund’s custodian subject to a sub-custodian agreement approved by the Fund between that bank and the Fund’s custodian.

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Indexed Securities

 

Each Fund may purchase securities whose prices are indexed to the prices of other securities, securities indices, currencies, or other financial indicators. Indexed securities typically, but not always, are debt securities or deposits whose value at maturity or coupon rate is determined by reference to a specific instrument or statistic. Currency-indexed securities typically are short-term to intermediate-term debt securities whose maturity values or interest rates are determined by reference to the values of one or more specified foreign currencies, and may offer higher yields than U.S. dollar-denominated securities of equivalent issuers. Currency-indexed securities may be positively or negatively indexed; that is, their maturity value may increase when the specified currency value increases, resulting in a security that performs similarly to a foreign currency-denominated instrument, or their maturity value may decline when foreign currencies increase, resulting in a security whose price characteristics are similar to a put on the underlying currency. Currency-indexed securities may also have prices that depend on the values of a number of different foreign currencies relative to each other.

 

Because the amount of interest and/or principal payments which the issuer of indexed debt securities is obligated to make is linked to the prices of other securities, securities indices, currencies, or other financial indicators, such payments may be significantly greater or less than payment obligations in respect of other types of debt securities. As a result, an investment in indexed debt securities may be considered speculative. Moreover, the performance of indexed securities depends to a great extent on the performance of and may be more volatile than the security, currency, or other instrument to which they are indexed, and may also be influenced by interest rate changes in the United States and abroad. At the same time, indexed securities are subject to the credit risks associated with the issuer of the security, and their values may decline substantially if the issuer’s creditworthiness deteriorates.

 

Losses resulting from the use of derivatives will reduce a Fund’s net asset value, and possibly income, and the losses can be greater than if derivatives had not been used.

 

Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed-income securities.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk

 

The Adviser’s investment strategies or choice of specific securities may be unsuccessful and may cause a Fund to incur losses.

 

Market Risk

 

The market price of securities owned by any Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably.

 

Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries represented in the securities markets. The value of a security may decline due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also decline due to factors which affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value simultaneously.

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Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed-income securities.

 

Money Market Instruments/Securities

 

Each Fund may hold money market instruments, including commercial paper, bankers acceptances, certificates of deposit and other short term debt securities as ancillary liquid assets.

 

Options

 

A put option gives the purchaser of the option, upon payment of a premium, the right to sell, and the writer of the option the obligation to buy (if the option is exercised), the underlying security, index, currency or other instrument at the exercise price. A Fund’s purchase of a put option on a security, for example, might be designed to protect its holdings in the underlying instrument (or, in some cases, a similar instrument) against a substantial decline in the market value of such instrument by giving the Fund the right to sell the instrument at the option exercise price. A call option, upon payment of a premium, gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy (if the option is exercised), and the seller the obligation to sell, the underlying instrument at the exercise price. A Fund’s purchase of a call option on a security, financial futures contract, index, currency or other instrument might be intended to protect the Fund against an increase in the price of the underlying instrument that it intends to purchase in the future by fixing the price at which it may purchase the instrument. An “American” style put or call option may be exercised at any time during the option period, whereas a “European” style put or call option may be exercised only upon expiration or during a fixed period prior to expiration. Exchange-listed options are issued by a regulated intermediary such as the Options Clearing Corporation (“OCC”), which guarantees the performance of the obligations of the parties to the options.

 

In order to hedge against adverse market shifts or to potentially increase income or gain, a Fund may purchase put and call options or write “covered” put and call options on futures contracts on stocks, stock indices, interest rates and currencies. In addition, a Fund may utilize options on currencies in order to hedge against currency exchange rate risks or to gain exposure to one or more currencies. A call option written by a Fund is “covered” so long as the Fund owns: (i) the underlying investment subject to the option; (ii) securities convertible or exchangeable without the payment of any consideration into the securities subject to the option; or (iii) a call option on the relevant security or currency with an exercise price no higher than the exercise price on the call option written. A put option written by a Fund is “covered” if the Fund either (a) designates on its or its custodian records liquid securities having a value at least equal to the exercise price of the underlying investment or (b) has certain offsetting puts. Parties to options transactions must make certain payments and/or set aside certain amounts of assets in connection with each transaction.

 

By writing a call, a Fund will generally limit its opportunity to profit from an increase in the market value of the underlying investment above the exercise price of the option for as long as the Fund’s obligation as writer of the option continues. By writing a put, a Fund will generally limit its opportunity to profit from a decrease in the market value of the underlying investment below the exercise price of the option for as long as the Fund’s obligation as writer of the option continues. Upon the exercise of a put option written by a Fund, the Fund may suffer an economic loss equal to the difference between the price at which the Fund is required to purchase the underlying investment and its market value at the time of the option exercise, less the premium received for writing the option. Upon the exercise of a call option written by a Fund, the Fund may suffer an economic loss equal to an amount not less than the Fund’s acquisition cost of the investment underlying the option, less the sum of the premium received for writing the option and the exercise price paid to the Fund.

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A Fund may choose to exercise the options it holds, permit them to expire or terminate them prior to their expiration by entering into closing transactions. A Fund may enter into a closing purchase transaction in which the Fund purchases an option having the same terms as the option it had written or a closing sale transaction in which the Fund sells an option having the same terms as the option it had purchased.

 

Exchange-listed options on securities and currencies, with certain exceptions, generally settle by physical delivery of the underlying security or currency, although in the future, cash settlement may become available. Frequently, rather than taking or making delivery of the underlying instrument through the process of exercising the option, listed options are closed by entering into offsetting purchase or sale transactions that do not result in ownership of the new option. Index options are cash settled for the net amount, if any, by which the option is “in-the-money” (that is, the amount by which the value of the underlying instrument exceeds, in the case of a call option, or is less than, in the case of a put option, the exercise price of the option) at the time the option is exercised.

 

OTC options are purchased from or sold to securities dealers, financial institutions or other parties (collectively referred to as “counterparties” and individually referred to as a “counterparty”) through a direct bilateral agreement with the counterparty. In contrast to exchange-listed options, which generally have standardized terms and performance mechanics, the terms of an OTC option, including such terms as method of settlement, term, exercise price, premium, guaranties and security, are determined by negotiation of the parties.

 

Unless the parties provide for it, no central clearing or guaranty function is involved in an OTC option. As a result, if a counterparty fails to make or take delivery of the security, currency or other instrument underlying an OTC option it has entered into with a Fund or fails to make a cash settlement payment due in accordance with the terms of that option, the Fund will lose any premium it paid for the option as well as any anticipated benefit of the transaction. Thus, the Adviser must assess the creditworthiness of each such counterparty or any guarantor or credit enhancement of the counterparty’s credit to determine the likelihood that the terms of the OTC option will be met.

 

If a Fund sells a call option, the premium that it receives may serve as a partial hedge, to the extent of the option premium, against a decrease in the value of the underlying securities or instruments held by the Fund or will increase the Fund’s income. Similarly, the sale of put options can also provide gains for a Fund. A Fund may purchase and sell call options on securities that are traded on U.S. and foreign securities exchanges and in the OTC markets, and on securities indices, currencies and futures contracts. All calls sold by a Fund must be “covered” (that is, the Fund must own the securities or futures contract subject to the call), or must otherwise meet the asset segregation requirements described below for so long as the call is outstanding. Even though the Fund will receive the option premium to help protect it against loss, use of options could result in losses to the Fund, force the purchase or sale of portfolio securities at inopportune times or for prices higher or lower than current market values, or cause the Fund to hold a security it might otherwise sell or sell a security it might otherwise hold.

 

A Fund’s ability to close out its position as a purchaser or seller of an OCC-issued or exchange-listed put or call option is dependent, in part, upon the liquidity of the particular option market. Among the possible reasons for the absence of a liquid option market on an exchange are: (i) insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions on transactions imposed by an exchange; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities, including reaching daily price limits; (iv) interruption of the normal operations of the OCC or an exchange; (v) inadequacy of the facilities of an exchange or the OCC to handle current trading volume; or (vi) a decision by one or more exchanges to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the relevant market for that option on that exchange would cease to exist, although any such outstanding options on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

14 

 

The hours of trading for listed options may not coincide with the hours during which the underlying financial instruments are traded. To the extent that the option markets close before the markets for the underlying financial instruments, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that would not be reflected in the corresponding option markets.

 

Each of the Funds reserves the right to purchase or sell options on instruments and indices other than those described here and which may be developed in the future to the extent consistent with applicable law, the Fund’s investment objective and the restrictions set forth herein.

 

Options on Stocks and Stock Indices

 

Each Fund may purchase put and call options and write covered put and call options on stocks and stock indices in order to hedge against movements in the equity markets or to potentially increase income or gain to the Fund. In addition, the Funds may purchase options on stocks that are traded over-the-counter. Options on stock indices are similar to options on specific securities. However, because options on stock indices do not involve the delivery of an underlying security, the option represents the holder’s right to obtain from the writer cash in an amount equal to a fixed multiple of the amount by which the exercise price exceeds (in the case of a put) or is less than (in the case of a call) the closing value of the underlying stock index on the exercise date. Options are also traded in certain industry or market segment indices such as the Oil Index, the Computer Technology Index, and the Transportation Index. Stock index options are subject to position and exercise limits and other regulations imposed by the exchange on which they are traded.

 

If the Adviser expects general stock market prices to rise, a Fund might purchase a call option on a stock index or a futures contract on that index as a hedge against an increase in prices of particular equity securities it wants ultimately to buy. If the stock index does rise, the price of the particular equity securities intended to be purchased may also increase, but that increase should be offset in part by the increase in the value of the Fund’s index option or futures contract resulting from the increase in the index. If, on the other hand, the Adviser expects general stock market prices to decline, it might purchase a put option or sell a futures contract on the index. If that index does decline, the value of some or all of the equity securities in the Fund’s portfolio may also be expected to decline, but that decrease would be offset in part by the increase in the value of the Fund’s position in such put option or futures contract.

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

A Fund is generally expected to engage in frequent and active trading of portfolio securities to achieve its investment objective. A higher turnover rate (100% or more) will involve correspondingly greater transaction costs, which will be borne directly by the Fund, may have an adverse impact on performance, and may increase the potential for more taxable distributions being paid to shareholders, including short-term capital gains that are taxed at ordinary income rates. To the extent a Fund engages in short sales (which are not included in calculating the portfolio turnover rate), the transaction costs incurred by the Fund are likely to be greater than the transaction costs incurred by a mutual fund that does not take short positions and has a similar portfolio turnover rate.

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Preferred Stock

 

Preferred stocks, like debt obligations, are generally fixed-income securities. Shareholders of preferred stocks normally have the right to receive dividends at a fixed rate when and as declared by the issuer’s board of directors, but do not participate in other amounts available for distribution by the issuing corporation. Dividends on the preferred stock may be cumulative, and generally all cumulative dividends must be paid prior to common shareholders receiving any dividends. Because as a general matter preferred stock dividends must be paid before common stock dividends, preferred stocks generally entail less risk than common stocks. Upon liquidation, preferred stocks are generally entitled to a specified liquidation preference, which is generally the same as the par or stated value, and are senior in right of payment to common stock. Preferred stocks are, however, equity securities in the sense that they do not represent a liability of the issuer and, therefore, do not offer as great a degree of protection of capital or assurance of continued income as investments in corporate debt securities. In addition, preferred stocks are subordinated in right of payment to all debt obligations and creditors of the issuer, and convertible preferred stocks may be subordinated to other preferred stock of the same issuer.

 

Restricted Securities and Securities With Limited Trading Markets (Rule 144A)

 

Each Fund may purchase securities for which there is a limited trading market or which are subject to restrictions on resale to the public.  If a Fund were to acquire substantial positions in securities with limited trading markets, the activities of the Fund could have an adverse effect upon the liquidity and marketability of such securities and the Fund might not be able to dispose of its holdings in those securities at then current market prices.  Circumstances could also exist (to satisfy redemptions, for example) when portfolio securities might have to be sold by the Fund at times which otherwise might be considered to be disadvantageous so that the Fund might receive lower proceeds from such sales than it had expected to realize.  Investments in securities which are “restricted” may involve added expenses to a Fund should the Fund be required to bear registration costs with respect to such securities and could involve delays in disposing of such securities which might have an adverse effect upon the price and timing of sales of such securities and the liquidity of the Fund with respect to redemptions.  Restricted securities and securities for which there is a limited trading market may be significantly more difficult to value due to the unavailability of reliable market quotations for such securities, and investment in such securities may have an adverse impact on net asset value.  The Funds may purchase Rule 144A securities for which there may be a secondary market of qualified institutional buyers as contemplated by Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. Liquidity determinations with respect to Rule 144A securities will be made by the Board or by the Adviser pursuant to guidelines established by the Board. A Fund’s holdings of Rule 144A securities which are considered liquid securities will not be subject to the Fund’s applicable limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

 

Each Fund may purchase Rule 144A securities on certain exchanges.  These markets provide access to only institutional and highly sophisticated investors. They allow private companies to raise capital without the disclosure requirements of public markets and follow specific SEC rules to avoid certain disclosure requirements. Under these rules, companies are able to sell securities without registering them if the issued securities are limited to qualified institutional buyers (investors with at least $100 million in assets), and there are less than 500 shareholders.  The market is run through a proprietary trading system. This system allows the members of the exchange to view bid and ask offers and recent sales. Actual transactions are made through special brokers.  Because of the lack of disclosure in these markets, shares are expected to trade at a discount to the equivalent price achievable if the shares were listed on a public market.  Companies utilizing these markets however, believe that the ability to avoid disclosure requirements of public markets is more important than receiving the higher price available from a public exchange listing.

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Securities Issued By Other Investment Companies

 

Each Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies, including, but not limited to, other mutual funds, money market funds, ETFs, HOLDRs, unit investment trusts, and closed-end funds, to gain exposure to a particular portion of the market rather than purchase securities directly. Investing in another investment company exposes the Fund to all the risks of that investment company, and, in general, subjects it to a pro rata portion of the other investment company’s fees and expenses.

 

Securities Related Activities

 

In some countries, banks or other financial institutions may constitute a substantial number of the leading companies or companies with the most actively traded securities. The 1940 Act limits a Fund’s ability to invest in any equity security of an issuer which, in its most recent fiscal year, derived more than 15% of its revenues from “securities related activities,” as defined by the rules thereunder. These provisions may also restrict a Fund’s investments in certain non-U.S. banks and other financial institutions.

 

Short Sales

 

Each Fund may make short sales of securities consistent with its strategies. A short sale is a transaction in which a Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline.

 

When a Fund makes a short sale, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale as collateral for its obligation to deliver the security upon conclusion of the sale. The Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and is often obligated to pay over any accrued interest and dividends on such borrowed securities.

 

If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time that a Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.

 

To the extent that a Fund engages in short sales, it will provide collateral to the broker-dealer and (except in the case of short sales “against the box”) will maintain additional asset coverage in the form of segregated or “earmarked” assets that the Adviser determines to be liquid in accordance with procedures established by the Board and that is equal to the current market value of the securities sold short, or will ensure that such positions are covered by “offsetting” positions, until the Fund replaces the borrowed security. A short sale is “against the box” to the extent that the Fund contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. Each Fund may engage in short selling to the extent permitted by the federal securities laws and rules and interpretations thereunder. To the extent a Fund engages in short selling in foreign (non-U.S.) jurisdictions, the Fund will do so to the extent permitted by the laws and regulations of such jurisdiction.

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Small and Medium Capitalization Stocks

 

Investment in securities of smaller companies presents greater investment risks than investing in the securities of larger companies. These risks include greater price volatility, greater sensitivity to changing economic conditions, and less liquidity than the securities of larger, more mature companies.

 

Use of Segregated and Other Special Accounts

 

Use of many derivatives by a Fund will require, among other things, that the Fund designate liquid assets to cover its obligations under the derivative to the extent the Fund’s obligations are not otherwise “covered” through ownership of the underlying security, financial instrument or currency or otherwise. In general, either the full amount of any obligation by the Fund to pay or deliver securities or assets must be covered at all times by the securities, instruments or currency required to be delivered, or, subject to any regulatory restrictions, an amount of liquid assets at least equal to the current amount of the obligation must be designated. A call option on securities written by a Fund, for example, will require the Fund to hold the securities subject to the call (or securities convertible into the needed securities without additional consideration) or to designate liquid securities sufficient to purchase and deliver the securities if the call is exercised. For a call option on an index, the Fund will maintain assets determined to be liquid in accordance with the Fund’s procedures in an amount equal to the value of the underlying index. A put option on securities written by a Fund will require the Fund to designate liquid securities equal to the exercise price.

 

The options entered into by a Fund, including those on securities, currency, financial instruments or indices, and OCC-issued and exchange-listed index options may provide for cash settlement or for physical delivery. With respect to certain derivative contracts that do cash settle, however, the Fund may set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligations (i.e., the Fund’s daily net liability) under the derivative contracts, if any, rather than their full notional value. The Fund reserves the right to modify their asset segregation policies in the future to, among other things, comply with any changes in the positions from time to time articulated by the SEC or its staff regarding asset segregation. By setting aside assets equal to only its net obligations under cash-settled derivative contracts, the Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund was required to segregate assets equal to the full notional amount of the derivative contracts.

 

Derivatives may be covered by means other than those described above when consistent with applicable regulatory policies. Each Fund may also enter into offsetting transactions so that its combined position, coupled with any segregated assets, equals its net outstanding obligation in related derivatives. The Fund could purchase a put option, for example, if the strike price of that option is the same as or higher than the strike price of a put option sold by the Fund. Moreover, instead of designating assets if it holds a futures contract or forward contract, the Fund could purchase a put option on the same futures contract or forward contract with a strike price as high as or higher than the price of the contract held. Other derivatives may also be offset in combinations. If the offsetting transaction terminates at the time of or after the primary transaction, no segregation is required, but if it terminates prior to that time, assets equal to any remaining obligation would need to be segregated.

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U.S. Government Securities

 

Each Fund may invest without limit in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies or instrumentalities.  U.S. government securities in general include a wide variety of U.S. Treasury obligations consisting of bills, notes and bonds, which principally differ only in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance.  Securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities are debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities established or sponsored by the U.S. government and may be backed only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality.  A Fund will invest in such obligations only where the Adviser is satisfied that the credit risk with respect to the issuer is minimal.

 

Securities issued by the U.S. Treasury generally do not involve the credit risks associated with investments in other types of fixed-income securities, although, as a result, the yields available from these securities are generally lower than the yields available from corporate fixed-income securities. Like other debt securities, however, the values of U.S. government securities change as interest rates fluctuate, which could affect a Fund’s net asset value. Since the magnitude of these fluctuations will generally be greater at times when the Fund’s average maturity is longer, under certain market conditions the Fund may, for temporary defensive purposes, accept lower current income from short-term investments rather than investing in higher yielding long-term securities. Some U.S. Government securities (such as Fannie Maes and Freddie Macs) are guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest by the relevant entity (e.g., FNMA or FHLMC) but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Therefore, the securities would generally be neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury.

 

Under the direction of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have entered into a joint initiative to develop a common securitization platform for the issuance of a uniform mortgage-backed security (the “Single Security Initiative”), which would generally align the characteristics of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac certificates. The Single Security Initiative was launched in June 2019, and as of this time, the long-term effects it may have on the market for mortgage-backed securities remains uncertain.

 

Warrants and Rights

 

Each Fund may invest in warrants and rights. Warrants are securities that are usually issued together with a debt security or preferred stock and that give the holder the right to buy a proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price until a stated expiration date. Buying a warrant generally can provide a greater potential for profit or loss than an investment of equivalent amounts in the underlying common stock. The market value of a warrant does not necessarily move with the value of the underlying securities. If a holder does not sell the warrant, it risks the loss of its entire investment if the market price of the underlying security does not, before the expiration date, exceed the exercise price of the warrant. Investing in warrants is a speculative activity. Warrants pay no dividends and confer no rights (other than the right to purchase the underlying securities) with respect to the assets of the issuer. A right is a privilege granted, typically to existing shareholders of a corporation, to subscribe for shares of a new issue of stock before it is issued. Rights normally have a short life, usually two to four weeks, may be freely transferable and generally entitle the holder to buy the new common stock at a lower price than the public offering price.

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OTHER PRACTICES

 

Borrowing

 

Borrowing creates an opportunity for increased return, but, at the same time, creates special risks.  Furthermore, if a Fund were to engage in borrowing, an increase in interest rates could reduce the value of the Fund’s shares by increasing the Fund’s interest expense.

 

Subject to the limitations described under “Investment Limitations” below, each Fund may be permitted to borrow for temporary purposes and/or for investment purposes. Such a practice will result in leveraging of the Fund’s assets and may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so. This borrowing may be secured or unsecured. Provisions of the 1940 Act require each Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets made for temporary administrative purposes. Any borrowings for temporary administrative purposes in excess of 5% of a Fund’s total assets will count against this asset coverage requirement. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, a Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint if the Fund sells securities at that time.  Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of a Fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs which may or may not be recovered by appreciation of the securities purchased, if any. Each Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowings or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

 

Depositary Receipts

 

Depositary receipts include sponsored and unsponsored depositary receipts that are or become available, including American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and other depositary receipts.  Depositary receipts are typically issued by a financial institution (“depositary”) and evidence ownership interests in a security or a pool of securities (“underlying securities”) that have been deposited with the depositary.  The depositary for ADRs is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer.  ADRs are publicly traded on exchanges or OTC in the United States and are issued through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” arrangements.  In a sponsored ADR arrangement, the non-U.S. issuer assumes the obligation to pay some or all of the depositary’s transaction fees, whereas under an unsponsored arrangement, the non-U.S. issuer assumes no obligation and the depositary’s transaction fees are paid by the ADR holders. In addition, less information is available in the United States about an unsponsored ADR than about a sponsored ADR, and the financial information about a company may not be as reliable for an unsponsored ADR as it is for a sponsored ADR.  In the case of GDRs, the depositary can be a non-U.S. or a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. GDRs allow companies in Europe, Asia, the United States and Latin America to offer shares in many markets around the world, thus allowing them to raise capital in these markets, as opposed to just in their home market.  The advantage of GDRs is that shares do not have to be bought through the issuing company’s home exchange, which may be difficult and expensive, but can be bought on all major stock exchanges.  In addition, the share price and all dividends are converted to the shareholder’s home currency.  As for other depositary receipts, the depositary may be a non-U.S. or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may have a non-U.S. or a U.S. issuer.  For purposes of each Fund’s investment policies, investments in depositary receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities.  Thus, a depositary receipt representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock.  Depositary receipts purchased by a Fund may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted, in which case the Fund may be exposed to relative currency fluctuations.

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Illiquid Securities

 

Each Fund may invest up to 15% of the value of its net assets in illiquid securities. The term “illiquid securities” for this purpose means securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the securities. Illiquid securities are considered to include, among other things, written OTC options, securities or other liquid assets being used as cover for such options, repurchase agreements with maturities in excess of seven days, certain loan participation interests, fixed time deposits which are not subject to prepayment or provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits), and other securities whose disposition is restricted under the federal securities laws.

 

To the extent that liquid assignments and loan participations that a Fund holds become illiquid due to the lack of sufficient buyers or market or other conditions, the percentage of the Fund’s assets invested in illiquid assets would increase.  The Adviser, under the supervision of the Board, monitors Fund investments in assignments and loan participations and will, in such a case, consider appropriate measures to enable each Fund to maintain sufficient liquidity for operating purposes and to meet redemption requests.

 

Loans of Portfolio Securities

 

Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to brokers or dealers or other financial institutions in accordance with policies and procedures of the Trust, as may be adopted from time to time.  The procedure for the lending of securities will typically include the following features and conditions.  The collateral will consist either of U.S. Government Securities or the borrower of the securities will deposit cash with the Fund in an amount equal to a minimum of 100% of the market value of the securities lent. The Fund will seek to invest the collateral in short-term debt securities, cash equivalents (or pooled investment vehicle interests in cash, cash equivalents and short-term debt instruments) and earn the income thereon.  A negotiated portion of the income so earned may be paid to the borrower or the broker who arranged the loan.  The collateral will be marked to market daily, and if the value of the collateral drops below the required minimum at any time, the borrower may typically be called upon to post additional collateral.  These will be “demand” loans and may be terminated by the Fund at any time.  The Fund will receive any dividends and interest paid on the securities lent, although the U.S. federal income tax characteristics of such payment may change.  The Fund’s performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned.

 

These transactions must be fully collateralized at all times, but involve some credit risk to the Fund if the borrower or the party (if any) guaranteeing the loan should default on its obligations. In the event of the default or bankruptcy of the other party to a securities loan, the Fund could experience delays in recovering the securities it lent.  To the extent that, in the meantime, the value of the securities a Fund lent has increased or the value of the collateral decreased, the Fund could experience a loss.  In the event of a default by the borrower, the Fund will, if permitted by law, dispose of such collateral except that the Fund may retain any such part thereof that is a security in which the Fund is permitted to invest.

 

Although voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Fund, as the lender, generally retains the right to call the loans and obtain the return of the securities loaned at any time on reasonable notice, and it will attempt to do so in order that the securities may be voted by the Fund if the holders of such securities are asked to vote upon or consent to matters which the Adviser believes materially affect the investment; however, the Fund may not be able to recall the securities in time for the Fund to be the owner on the record date for determining shareholders entitled to vote or consent on the matter.  The Fund may typically also call such loans in order to sell the securities involved.

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Repurchase Agreements

 

Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which the seller of a security commits itself at the time of sale to repurchase that security from the buyer at a mutually agreed upon time and price.  The resale price is in excess of the purchase price and reflects an agreed-upon market interest rate unrelated to the coupon rate on the purchased security. Such transactions afford a Fund the opportunity to earn a return on temporarily available cash at relatively low market risk.  The Adviser monitors the value of the securities underlying the repurchase agreement at the time the transaction is entered into and at all times during the term of the repurchase agreement to ensure that the value of the securities always equals or exceeds the repurchase price.  The Fund requires that additional securities be deposited if the value of the securities purchased decreases below their resale price and does not bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under the repurchase obligation.

 

While the underlying security may be a bill, certificate of indebtedness, note or bond issued by an agency, authority or instrumentality of the U.S. government, the obligation of the seller is not guaranteed by the U.S. government and there is a risk that the seller may fail to repurchase the underlying security. In such event, the Fund would attempt to exercise rights with respect to the underlying security, including possible disposition in the market. However, the Fund may be subject to various delays and risks of loss, including (i) possible declines in the value of the underlying security during the period while the Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto, (ii) possible reduced levels of income and lack of access to income during this period, and (iii) inability to enforce rights and the expenses involved in the attempted enforcement.

 

Repurchase agreements with maturities of more than seven days will be treated as illiquid securities.

 

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

 

Each Fund may enter into “reverse” repurchase agreements to avoid selling securities during unfavorable market conditions to meet redemptions.  Pursuant to a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund will sell portfolio securities and agree to repurchase them from the buyer at a particular date and price.  Whenever a Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will establish a segregated account in which it will maintain liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the repurchase price marked to market daily (including accrued interest), and will subsequently monitor the account to ensure that such equivalent value is maintained.  A Fund pays interest on amounts obtained pursuant to reverse repurchase agreements.  Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings by a Fund.

 

Temporary Defensive Positions

 

Each Fund may depart from its principal investment strategies in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions by taking temporary defensive positions in short-term debt securities, cash and cash equivalents. Under such circumstances, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

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INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS

 

Fundamental Investment Restrictions

 

The following is a description of the Funds’ fundamental investment restrictions. “Fundamental” restrictions are those that may not be changed without the vote of a majority of a Fund’s outstanding voting securities. Under the 1940 Act, the vote of a majority of the outstanding securities of a company means the vote, at the annual or a special meeting of the security holders of such company duly called: (A) of 67 percent or more of the voting securities present at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting securities of such company are present or represented by proxy; or (B) of more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting securities of such company, whichever is less.

 

In contrast, non-fundamental investment restrictions (which include the Fund’s investment objective and each of the other investment restrictions set forth in the Prospectus or this SAI) may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

 

The percentages set forth below and the percentage limitations set forth in the Prospectus apply at the time of the purchase of a security and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of a purchase of such security.

 

For purposes of the fundamental restrictions set forth below, “total assets” means net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

Emerald Banking and Finance Fund – Fundamental Investment Limitations

 

The Emerald Banking and Finance Fund may not:

 

(1) Purchase securities of an issuer (other than the U.S. Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or authorities, or repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government securities, and securities of other investment companies) if: (a) such purchase would, at the time, cause more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets taken at market value to be invested in the securities of such issuer, except that if the Fund receives subscription rights to purchase securities of an issuer whose securities the Fund holds, and if the Fund exercises such subscription rights at a time when the Fund’s portfolio holdings of securities of that issuer would otherwise exceed this limit, it will not constitute a violation if, prior to the receipt of securities from the exercise of such rights, and after announcement of such rights, the Fund sells at least as many securities of the same class and value as it would receive on exercise of such rights; or (b) such purchase would, at the time, result in more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer being held by the Fund;

 

(2) Purchase securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry or group of industries (excluding the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities), except that the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund shall, under normal conditions, invest not less than 25% of its total assets in securities of companies principally engaged in the banking industry and not less than 25% of its total assets in securities of companies principally engaged in the financial services industry. For purposes of this restriction, companies principally engaged in the banking industry means U.S. commercial and industrial banking and savings institutions and their parent holding companies, and companies principally engaged in the financial services industry means commercial and industrial finance companies, diversified financial services companies, investment banking, securities brokerage and investment advisory companies, real estate investment trusts, insurance and insurance holding companies, and leasing companies;

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(3) Borrow money, except from a bank, with such borrowing to be limited to more than 5% of net assets;

 

(4) Make loans, except by purchase of debt obligations in which the Fund may invest in accordance with its investment policies, or except by entering into qualified repurchase agreements with respect to not more than 25% of its total assets (taken at current value). This policy does not prevent the Fund from lending its portfolio securities to the extent permitted by its fundamental restrictions and policies, or prevent a Fund from purchasing debt obligations, entering into repurchase agreements, or investment in loans, including assignments and participation interests;

 

(5) Act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers except that, in the disposition of portfolio securities, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under the federal securities laws;

 

(6) Purchase or sell real estate, although the Fund may purchase securities of issuers which deal in real estate, securities which are secured by interests in real estate, securities which represent interests in real estate, securities which are secured by or represent interests in real estate that are issued or backed by the United States government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and they may acquire and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of their rights as a holder of debt obligations secured by real estate or interests therein;

 

(7) Purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and options, may enter into foreign exchange contracts and may enter into swap agreements and other financial transactions not requiring the delivery of physical commodities, including but not limited to, purchasing or selling commodity exchange-traded funds or exchange-traded notes; and

 

(8) Issue senior securities, except for permitted borrowings or as otherwise permitted under the 1940 Act.

 

Restrictions (3) and (8) above shall be interpreted based upon no-action letters and other pronouncements of the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Under current pronouncements, certain Fund positions may be excluded from the definition of “senior security” so long as the Fund maintains adequate cover, segregation of assets or otherwise. See “Borrowing” above.

 

For the purposes of Restriction (2), the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund currently intends to use the Standard Industrial Classification System (“SIC”). The use of any particular classification system is not a fundamental policy. The Fund may use other classification titles, standards, and systems from time to time, as it determines to be in the best interests of shareholders. These classifications are not fundamental policies of the Fund.

 

Emerald Growth Fund – Fundamental Investment Limitations

 

The Emerald Growth Fund may not:

 

(1) Purchase securities of an issuer (other than the U.S. Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or authorities, or repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government securities, and securities of other investment companies) if: (a) such purchase would, at the time, cause more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets taken at market value to be invested in the securities of such issuer, except that if the Fund receives subscription rights to purchase securities of an issuer whose securities the Fund holds, and if the Fund exercises such subscription rights at a time when the Fund’s portfolio holdings of securities of that issuer would otherwise exceed this limit, it will not constitute a violation if, prior to the receipt of securities from the exercise of such rights, and after announcement of such rights, the Fund sells at least as many securities of the same class and value as it would receive on exercise of such rights; or (b) such purchase would, at the time, result in more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer being held by the Fund;

24 

 

(2) Purchase securities which would cause 15% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry or group of industries (excluding the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities);

 

(3) Borrow money, except from a bank, with such borrowing to be limited to more than 5% of net assets (see “Borrowing” above);

 

(4) Make loans, except by purchase of debt obligations in which the Fund may invest in accordance with its investment policies, or except by entering into qualified repurchase agreements with respect to not more than 25% of its total assets (taken at current value). This policy does not prevent the Fund from lending its portfolio securities to the extent permitted by its fundamental restrictions and policies, or prevent a Fund from purchasing debt obligations, entering into repurchase agreements, or investment in loans, including assignments and participation interests;

 

(5) Act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers except that, in the disposition of portfolio securities, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under the federal securities laws;

 

(6) Purchase or sell real estate, although the Fund may purchase securities of issuers which deal in real estate, securities which are secured by interests in real estate, securities which represent interests in real estate, securities which are secured by or represent interests in real estate that are issued or backed by the United States government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and they may acquire and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of their rights as a holder of debt obligations secured by real estate or interests therein;

 

(7) Purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and options, may enter into foreign exchange contracts and may enter into swap agreements and other financial transactions not requiring the delivery of physical commodities, including but not limited to, purchasing or selling commodity exchange-traded funds or exchange-traded notes; and

 

(8) Issue senior securities, except for permitted borrowings or as otherwise permitted under the 1940 Act.

 

Restrictions (3) and (8) above shall be interpreted based upon no-action letters and other pronouncements of the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Under current pronouncements, certain Fund positions may be excluded from the definition of “senior security” so long as the Fund maintains adequate cover, segregation of assets or otherwise. See “Borrowing” above.

25 

 

For the purposes of Restriction (2), the Emerald Growth Fund currently intends to use the Standard Industrial Classification System (“SIC”). The use of any particular classification system is not a fundamental policy. The Fund may use other classification titles, standards, and systems from time to time, as it determines to be in the best interests of shareholders. These classifications are not fundamental policies of the Fund.

 

Emerald Insights Fund - Fundamental Investment Limitations

 

The Emerald Insights Fund may not:

 

(1) With respect to 75% of the Fund’s total assets, purchase securities of an issuer (other than the U.S. Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or authorities, or repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government securities, and securities of other investment companies) if: (a) such purchase would, at the time, cause more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets taken at market value to be invested in the securities of such issuer, except that if the Fund receives subscription rights to purchase securities of an issuer whose securities the Fund holds, and if the Fund exercises such subscription rights at a time when the Fund’s portfolio holdings of securities of that issuer would otherwise exceed this limit, it will not constitute a violation if, prior to the receipt of securities from the exercise of such rights, and after announcement of such rights, the Fund sells at least as many securities of the same class and value as it would receive on exercise of such rights; or (b) such purchase would, at the time, result in more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer being held by the Fund;

 

(2) Purchase securities which would cause 20% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry or group of industries (excluding the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities);

 

(3) Borrow money, except from a bank, with such borrowing to be limited to not more than 5% of net assets (see “Borrowing” above);

 

(4) Make loans, except by purchase of debt obligations in which the Fund may invest in accordance with its investment policies, or except by entering into qualified repurchase agreements with respect to not more than 25% of its total assets (taken at current value). This policy does not prevent the Fund from lending its portfolio securities to the extent permitted by its fundamental restrictions and policies, or prevent a Fund from purchasing debt obligations, entering into repurchase agreements, or investment in loans, including assignments and participation interests;

 

(5) Act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers except that, in the disposition of portfolio securities, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under the federal securities laws;

 

(6) Purchase or sell real estate, although the Fund may purchase securities of issuers which deal in real estate, securities which are secured by interests in real estate, securities which represent interests in real estate, securities which are secured by or represent interests in real estate that are issued or backed by the United States government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and they may acquire and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of their rights as a holder of debt obligations secured by real estate or interests therein;

 

(7) Purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and options, may enter into foreign exchange contracts and may enter into swap agreements and other financial transactions not requiring the delivery of physical commodities, including but not limited to, purchasing or selling commodity exchange-traded funds or exchange-traded notes; and

26 

 

(8) Issue senior securities, except for permitted borrowings or as otherwise permitted under the 1940 Act.

 

Restrictions (3) and (8) above shall be interpreted based upon no-action letters, exemptive relief and other pronouncements of the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Under current pronouncements, certain Fund positions may be excluded from the definition of “senior security” so long as the Fund maintains adequate cover, segregation of assets or otherwise. See “Borrowing” above.

 

For the purposes of Restriction (2), the Emerald Insights Fund currently intends to use the Standard Industrial Classification System (“SIC”). The use of any particular classification system is not a fundamental policy. The Fund may use other classification titles, standards, and systems from time to time, as it determines to be in the best interests of shareholders. These classifications are not fundamental policies of the Fund.

 

Emerald Small Cap Value Fund - Fundamental Investment Limitations

 

The Emerald Small Cap Value Fund may not:

 

(1) Purchase securities of an issuer (other than the U.S. Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or authorities, or repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government securities, and securities of other investment companies) if: (a) such purchase would, at the time, cause more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets taken at market value to be invested in the securities of such issuer, except that if the Fund receives subscription rights to purchase securities of an issuer whose securities the Fund holds, and if the Fund exercises such subscription rights at a time when the Fund’s portfolio holdings of securities of that issuer would otherwise exceed this limit, it will not constitute a violation if, prior to the receipt of securities from the exercise of such rights, and after announcement of such rights, the Fund sells at least as many securities of the same class and value as it would receive on exercise of such rights; or (b) such purchase would, at the time, result in more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer being held by the Fund;

 

(2) Purchase securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry or group of industries (excluding the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities);

 

(3) Borrow money, except from a bank, with such borrowing to be limited to more than 5% of net assets (see “Borrowing” above);

 

(4) Make loans, except by purchase of debt obligations in which the Fund may invest in accordance with its investment policies, or except by entering into qualified repurchase agreements with respect to not more than 25% of its total assets (taken at current value). This policy does not prevent the Fund from lending its portfolio securities to the extent permitted by its fundamental restrictions and policies, or prevent a Fund from purchasing debt obligations, entering into repurchase agreements, or investment in loans, including assignments and participation interests;

27 

 

(5) Act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers except that, in the disposition of portfolio securities, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under the federal securities laws;

 

(6) Purchase or sell real estate, although the Fund may purchase securities of issuers which deal in real estate, securities which are secured by interests in real estate, securities which represent interests in real estate, securities which are secured by or represent interests in real estate that are issued or backed by the United States government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and they may acquire and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of their rights as a holder of debt obligations secured by real estate or interests therein;

 

(7) Purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and options, may enter into foreign exchange contracts and may enter into swap agreements and other financial transactions not requiring the delivery of physical commodities, including but not limited to, purchasing or selling commodity exchange-traded funds or exchange-traded notes; and

 

(8) Issue senior securities, except for permitted borrowings or as otherwise permitted under the 1940 Act.

 

Restrictions (3) and (8) above shall be interpreted based upon no-action letters, exemptive relief and other pronouncements of the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Under current pronouncements, certain Fund positions may be excluded from the definition of “senior security” so long as the Fund maintains adequate cover, segregation of assets or otherwise. See “Borrowing” above.

 

For the purposes of Restriction (2), the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund currently intends to use the Standard Industrial Classification System (“SIC”). The use of any particular classification system is not a fundamental policy. The Fund may use other classification titles, standards, and systems from time to time, as it determines to be in the best interests of shareholders. These classifications are not fundamental policies of the Fund.

 

Non-Fundamental Investment Limitations

 

In addition to the foregoing fundamental investment policies, the Funds are also subject to the following non-fundamental restrictions and policies. These and other non-fundamental investment restrictions disclosed elsewhere in the prospectus or in this statement of additional information may be changed at any time by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval.

 

Emerald Banking and Finance Fund - Non-Fundamental Investment Limitations

 

In addition, it is contrary to the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund’s present policy, which may be changed without shareholder vote, to:

 

(1) Purchase any illiquid security, including any securities whose disposition is restricted under federal securities laws and securities that are not readily marketable, if, as a result, more than 15% of the Fund’s total net assets (based on then-current value) would then be invested in such securities;

 

(2) Invest less than 80% of the value of the Fund’s assets (net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in stocks of companies principally engaged in the banking or financial services industries;

28 

 

(3) Invest in the securities of other investment companies (except in no-load, open-end money market mutual funds, and except in the case of acquiring such companies through merger, consolidation or acquisition of assets); the Fund will not invest more than 10% of its total current assets in shares of other investment companies nor invest more than 5% of its total current assets in a single investment company;

 

(4) Purchase or hold the securities of any issuer if the officers or trustees of the Fund or the Adviser (i) individually own more than 0.5% of the outstanding securities of the issuer, or (ii) collectively own more than 5% of the outstanding securities.

 

For purposes of Restriction (1) above, the staff of the SEC is presently of the view that repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days are subject to this restriction. Until that position is revised, modified or rescinded, the Fund will conduct their operations in a manner consistent with this view. This limitation on investment in illiquid securities does not apply to certain restricted securities, including securities pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and certain commercial paper, which the Adviser has determined to be liquid under procedures approved by the Board. 

 

Emerald Growth Fund - Non-Fundamental Investment Limitations

 

In addition, it is contrary to the Emerald Growth Fund’s present policy, which may be changed without shareholder vote, to:

 

(1) Purchase any illiquid security, including any securities whose disposition is restricted under federal securities laws and securities that are not readily marketable, if, as a result, more than 15% of the Fund’s total net assets (based on then-current value) would then be invested in such securities;

 

(2) Invest in, write, or sell put or call options, straddles, spreads or combinations thereof;

 

(3) Make short sales;

 

(4) Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate assets, except to secure borrowings permitted by Item (3) above, and then only pledge securities not exceeding ten percent (10%) of the Fund’s total assets (at current value);

 

(5) Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities;

 

(6) Invest in the securities of other investment companies (except in no-load, open-end money market mutual funds, and except in the case of acquiring such companies through merger, consolidation or acquisition of assets); the Fund will not invest more than 10% of its total current assets in shares of other investment companies nor invest more than 5% of its total current assets in a single investment company;

 

(7) Purchase or hold the securities of any issuer if the officers or trustees of the Fund or the Adviser (i) individually own more than 0.5% of the outstanding securities of the issuer, or (ii) collectively own more than 5% of the outstanding securities.

29 

 

For purposes of Restriction (1) above, the staff of the SEC is presently of the view that repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days are subject to this restriction. Until that position is revised, modified or rescinded, the Fund will conduct their operations in a manner consistent with this view. This limitation on investment in illiquid securities does not apply to certain restricted securities, including securities pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and certain commercial paper, which the Adviser has determined to be liquid under procedures approved by the Board. 

 

Emerald Insights Fund - Non-Fundamental Investment Limitations

 

In addition, it is contrary to the Emerald Insights Fund’s present policy, which may be changed without shareholder vote, to:

 

(1) Purchase any illiquid security, including any securities whose disposition is restricted under federal securities laws and securities that are not readily marketable, if, as a result, more than 15% of the Fund’s total net assets (based on then-current value) would then be invested in such securities;

 

(2) Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate assets, except to secure borrowings permitted by Item (3) above, and then only pledge securities not exceeding ten percent (10%) of the Fund’s total assets (at current value);

 

(3) Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities;

 

(4) The Fund will not invest more than 10% of its total current assets in shares of other investment companies nor invest more than 5% of its total current assets in a single investment company;

 

(5) Purchase or hold the securities of any issuer if the officers or trustees of the Fund or the Adviser (i) individually own more than 0.5% of the outstanding securities of the issuer, or (ii) collectively own more than 5% of the outstanding securities.

 

For purposes of Restriction (1) above, the staff of the SEC is presently of the view that repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days are subject to this restriction. Until that position is revised, modified or rescinded, the Fund will conduct their operations in a manner consistent with this view. This limitation on investment in illiquid securities does not apply to certain restricted securities, including securities pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and certain commercial paper, which the Adviser has determined to be liquid under procedures approved by the Board. 

 

Emerald Small Cap Value Fund - Non-Fundamental Investment Limitations

 

In addition, it is contrary to the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund’s present policy, which may be changed without shareholder vote, to:

 

(1) Purchase any illiquid security, as defined above, including any securities whose disposition is restricted under federal securities laws and securities that are not readily marketable, if, as a result, more than 15% of the Fund’s total net assets (based on then-current value) would then be invested in such securities;

 

(2) Invest in, write, or sell put or call options, straddles, spreads or combinations thereof;

30 

 

(3) Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate assets, except to secure borrowings permitted by Item (3) above, and then only pledge securities not exceeding ten percent (10%) of the Fund’s total assets (at current value);

 

(4) Invest in the securities of other investment companies (except in no-load, open-end money market mutual funds, and except in the case of acquiring such companies through merger, consolidation or acquisition of assets); the Fund will not invest more than 10% of its total current assets in shares of other investment companies nor invest more than 5% of its total current assets in a single investment company;

 

(5) Purchase or hold the securities of any issuer if the officers or trustees of the Fund or the Adviser (i) individually own more than 0.5% of the outstanding securities of the issuer, or (ii) collectively own more than 5% of the outstanding securities.

 

For purposes of Restriction (1) above, the staff of the SEC is presently of the view that repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days are subject to this restriction. Until that position is revised, modified or rescinded, the Fund will conduct their operations in a manner consistent with this view. This limitation on investment in illiquid securities does not apply to certain restricted securities, including securities pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and certain commercial paper, which the Adviser has determined to be liquid under procedures approved by the Board. 

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

 

Purchases and sales of portfolio securities may be made as considered advisable by the Adviser in the best interests of the shareholders. Each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. Each Fund’s distributions of any net short-term capital gains realized from portfolio transactions are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In addition, higher portfolio turnover rates can result in corresponding increases in portfolio transaction costs for a Fund. See “Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage” in this SAI.

 

For reporting purposes, each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the fiscal year. In determining such portfolio turnover, all securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less are excluded. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur, for example, if all of the securities in a Fund’s investment portfolio (other than short-term money market securities) were replaced once during the fiscal year. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor should the Adviser deem it advisable to purchase or sell securities.

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

This Policy sets forth the conditions under which Portfolio Holdings data for the Trust on behalf of the Funds may be disclosed to Third Parties (which may include the public) and Service Providers. No data about the Fund may be disclosed except in accordance with this Policy.

 

Portfolio Holdings data includes, but is not limited to, the following information about the Funds: (i) specific securities held; (ii) industry sector breakdowns as a percentage of portfolio net assets; (iii) asset composition (e.g., equities versus bonds); (iv) U.S. versus foreign holdings percentage breakdowns and regional breakdowns (e.g., Asia, North America); and (v) top 10 portfolio holdings in order of position size, including percentage of portfolio.

31 

 

“Third Parties” or a “Third Party” means a person other than a Service Provider, an employee of a Service Provider, a Trustee of the Board, or an officer of the Funds.

 

“Service Providers” or a “Service Provider” includes, but is not limited to, the investment adviser, sub-adviser, administrator, custodian, transfer agent, fund accountant, principal underwriter, software or technology service providers, pricing and proxy voting service providers, research and trading service providers, auditors, accountants, and legal counsel, or any other entity that has a need to know such information in order to fulfill their contractual obligations to provide services to the Funds.

 

Policy Overview

 

The Board has adopted, on behalf of the Funds, policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Portfolio Holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to protect the confidentiality of the Portfolio Holdings’ information and to prevent the selective disclosure of such information. These policies and procedures may be modified at any time with the approval of the Board.

 

In order to protect the Funds from any trading practices or other use by a Third Party that could harm the Fund, Portfolio Holdings’ and other Fund-specific information must not be selectively released or disclosed except under the circumstances described below.

 

The Board of Trustees will periodically review the list of entities that have received, other than through public channels, Portfolio Holdings data, to ensure that the disclosure of the information was in the best interest of shareholders, identify any potential for conflicts of interest and evaluate the effectiveness of its current portfolio holding policy.

 

The identity of such entities is provided below:

 

Name of Recipient  

Frequency of

Holdings Disclosure

Information

Lag

Date of

Information

Date Provided

to Recipients

Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust

(Adviser)

Daily None Daily Daily

ALPS Fund Services, Inc.

(Administrator)

Daily None Daily Daily

MFUG Union Bank National Association

(Custodian)

Daily None Daily Daily

Deloitte & Touche LLP

(Independent Registered Accounting Firm)

As needed None As needed As needed

Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP

(Counsel)

As needed None As needed As needed

Pepper Hamilton LLP

(Counsel to the Adviser)

As needed None As needed As needed
FactSet Research Systems Daily None Daily Daily
Electra Information Systems Inc. Daily None Daily Daily
Glass, Lewis & Co As needed None As needed As needed
Bloomberg, LP Daily None Daily Daily
INDATA Daily None Daily Daily

32 

 

Only officers of the Funds and their authorized agents, including, but not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer of the investment adviser, may approve the disclosure of a Fund’s Portfolio Holdings. Except as set forth under “Policy Exceptions” below, exceptions to this Policy may only be made if an officer of a Fund and its authorized agents, including, but not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer of the investment adviser, determines that the disclosure is being made for a legitimate business purpose and such disclosures must be documented and reported to the Board on a quarterly basis. In all cases, Third Parties and Service Providers are required to execute a non-disclosure agreement requiring the recipient to keep confidential any Portfolio Holdings data received and not to trade on the Confidential Portfolio Information (defined below) received. Neither the Trust nor its Service Providers (nor any persons affiliated with either) can receive any compensation or other consideration in connection with the sharing of a Fund’s Portfolio Holdings.

 

Disclosure of the Portfolio Holdings’ information that is not publicly available (“Confidential Portfolio Information”) may be made to Service Providers. In addition, to the extent permitted under applicable law, the investment adviser may distribute (or authorize the custodian or principal underwriter to distribute) Confidential Portfolio Information to the Fund’s relevant Service Providers and to facilitate the review of the Fund by certain mutual fund analysts and ratings agencies (such as Morningstar and Lipper Analytical Services) (“Rating Agencies”); provided that such disclosure is limited to the information that the investment adviser believes is reasonably necessary in connection with the services to be provided. As noted above, except to the extent permitted under this Policy, Confidential Portfolio Information may not be disseminated for compensation or other consideration.

 

Before any disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information to Service Providers or Rating Agencies is permitted, the applicable Fund’s investment adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer (or persons designated by the investment adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer) must determine in writing that, under the circumstances, the disclosure is being made for a legitimate business purpose. Furthermore, the recipient of Confidential Portfolio Information by a Service Provider or Rating Agency must be subject to a written confidentiality agreement that prohibits any trading upon the Confidential Portfolio Information or the recipient must be subject to professional or ethical obligations not to disclose or otherwise improperly use the information, such as would apply to independent registered public accounting firms or legal counsel.

33 

 

The Fund’s investment adviser shall have primary responsibility for ensuring that the Portfolio Holdings’ information is disclosed only in accordance with this Policy. As part of this responsibility, the Fund’s investment adviser will maintain such internal policies and procedures as it believes are reasonably necessary for preventing the unauthorized disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information.

 

Full Portfolio Holdings

 

The Funds currently disclose their portfolio holdings, as of the end of each month, on their website at www.emeraldmutualfunds.com. Portfolio holdings as of month-end are posted on the 21st day of the next succeeding month (or, if the 21st day is not a business day, then on the next business day). Except as set forth in this Policy, the full holdings of the Fund will also be disclosed on a quarterly basis on forms required to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as follows: (i) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of each fiscal year will be filed as part of the annual report filed on Form N-CSR; (ii) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of the first and third fiscal quarters will be filed in Form N-Q; and (iii) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of the second fiscal quarter will be filed as part of the semi-annual report filed on Form N-CSR. Form N-Q is being rescinded. Once Form N-Q is rescinded, disclosure of the Fund’s complete holdings will be required to be made monthly on Form N-PORT no later than 60 days after the end of each month, with information reported on Form N-PORT for the third month of the fiscal quarter made publicly available by the SEC 60 days after the end of the Fund’s fiscal quarter. The Trust’s Form N-CSRs and Form N-Qs are available (and the Trust’s Form N-PORTs will be available) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

Partial Portfolio Holdings

 

Except as set forth in this Policy, partial Portfolio Holdings information will only be provided to third Parties for the most recent month-end period and only after a ten (10) calendar day delay from the end of the month being provided. These holdings may include any combination of the Portfolio Holdings information, except for full Portfolio Holdings.

 

Policy Exceptions

 

The following disclosures of Portfolio Holdings are not prohibited by this Policy:

 

Disclosures that are required by law;
Disclosures necessary for Service Providers (defined above);
Disclosure necessary for Rating Agencies to assess applicable fund ratings;
Disclosures necessary to broker-dealers or banks as part of the normal buying, selling, shorting, or other transactions in portfolio securities
Disclosures to the applicable Fund’s or Service Providers’ regulatory authorities, accountants, or counsel;
Disclosures to the adviser of the Fund of compiled data concerning accounts managed by the adviser; or
Any portfolio holdings that precede a full public disclosure (e.g., portfolio holdings that are dated prior to the most recent quarterly disclosure) are not considered to be sensitive, proprietary information of the Fund, and therefore are not subject to the aforementioned disclosure policies.

34 

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

 

Investment Decisions and Portfolio Transactions

 

Investment decisions for the Fund are made with a view to achieving its investment objectives. Investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular client involved (including the Fund). Some securities considered for investment by the Fund may also be appropriate for other clients served by the Adviser. Thus, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. If a purchase or sale of securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and one or more of these clients is considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities will be allocated among the Fund and clients in a manner deemed fair and reasonable by the Adviser. Particularly when investing in less liquid or illiquid securities of smaller capitalization companies, such allocation may take into account the asset size of the Fund in determining whether the allocation of an investment is suitable. The Adviser may aggregate orders for the Fund with simultaneous transactions entered into on behalf of its other clients so long as price and transaction expenses are averaged either for the portfolio transaction or for that day. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the security. In some instances, one client may sell a particular security to another client. It also sometimes happens that two or more clients simultaneously purchase or sell the same security, in which event each day’s transactions in such security are, insofar as possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which in the Adviser’s opinion is equitable to each and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each. There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more clients will have an adverse effect on other clients, including the Fund.

 

Brokerage and Research Services

 

The Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities, options and futures contracts and buys and sells such securities, options and futures for the Fund through a substantial number of brokers and dealers. In so doing, the Adviser uses its best efforts to obtain for the Fund the most favorable price and execution available, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions as described below. In seeking the most favorable price and execution, the Adviser, having in mind the Fund’s best interests, considers all factors it deems relevant, including, by way of illustration, price, the size of the transaction, the nature of the market for the security, the amount of the commission, the timing of the transaction taking into account market prices and trends, the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker-dealer involved and the quality of service rendered by the broker-dealer in that or other transactions.

 

The Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio investments for the Fund’s accounts with brokers or dealers selected by it in its discretion. In effecting purchases and sales of portfolio securities for the accounts of the Fund, the Adviser will seek the best price and execution of the Fund’s orders. In doing so, the Fund may pay higher commission rates than the lowest available when the Adviser believes it is reasonable to do so in light of the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker effecting the transaction, as discussed below. Although the Fund may use a broker-dealer that sells Fund shares to effect transactions for the Fund’s portfolios, the Fund will not consider the sale of Fund shares as a factor when selecting broker-dealers to execute those transactions.

35 

 

There is generally no stated commission in the case of fixed-income securities and other securities traded on a principal basis in the over-the-counter markets, but the price paid by the Fund usually includes an undisclosed dealer commission or markup. In underwritten offerings, the price paid by the Fund includes a disclosed, fixed commission or discount retained by the underwriter or dealer. Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges and other agency transactions involve the payment by the Fund of negotiated brokerage commissions. Such commissions vary among different brokers. Also, a particular broker may charge different commissions according to such factors as the difficulty and size of the transaction. Transactions in non-U.S. securities generally involve the payment of fixed brokerage commissions, which are generally higher than those in the United States. The purchase by the Fund of participations or assignments may be pursuant to privately negotiated transactions pursuant to which the Fund may be required to pay fees to the seller or forego a portion of payments in respect of the participation agreement.

 

Advisers or sub-advisers of investment companies and other institutional investors receive research and brokerage products and services (together, “services”) from broker-dealers which execute portfolio transactions for the clients of such advisers. Consistent with this practice, the Adviser receives brokerage and research products and services from many broker-dealers with which the Adviser places the Fund’s portfolio transactions. These services, which in some cases may also be purchased for cash, may include, among other things, such items as general economic and security market reviews, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities, recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities, and services related to the execution of securities transactions. The advisory fees paid by the Fund are not reduced because the Adviser receives such services even though the receipt of such services relieves the Adviser from expenses it might otherwise bear. Research and brokerage services provided by broker-dealers chosen by the Adviser to place the Fund’s portfolio transactions may be useful to the Adviser in providing services to the Adviser’s other clients, although not all of these services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser in managing the Fund. Conversely, brokerage and research products and services provided to the Adviser by broker-dealers in connection with trades executed on behalf of other clients of the Adviser may be useful to the Adviser in managing the Fund, although not all of these brokerage and research products and services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser in managing such other clients.

 

In reliance on the “safe harbor” provided by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), an Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer which provides “brokerage and research services” (as defined for purposes of Section 28(e)) to the Adviser an amount of commission for effecting a securities transaction for the Fund in excess of the commission which another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the Adviser determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker-dealer viewed in terms of either a particular transaction or the Adviser’s overall responsibilities to the advisory accounts for which it exercises investment discretion.

 

The Adviser may place orders for the purchase and sale of exchange-listed portfolio securities with a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser where, in the judgment of the Adviser, such firm will be able to obtain a price and execution at least as favorable as other qualified broker-dealers. Pursuant to rules of the SEC, a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser may receive and retain compensation for effecting portfolio transactions for the Fund on a securities exchange if the commissions paid to such an affiliated broker-dealer by the Fund on exchange transactions do not exceed “usual and customary brokerage commissions.” The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” As required by applicable SEC rules, the Board has adopted procedures which are reasonably designed to provide that any commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to an affiliated broker are consistent with the foregoing standards.

36 

 

The following tables list the total amount of brokerage commissions paid by each Fund for the fiscal year or period noted:

 

 

For the Fiscal Year

Ended April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal Year

Ended April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal Year

Ended April 30, 2017

Emerald Banking and Finance Fund

$773,761

$835,465 $376,528

Emerald Growth Fund 

$1,433,330 

$1,789,367 $1,528,136
Emerald Insights Fund

$16,574 

$23,330 $19,065
Emerald Small Cap Value Fund

$22,796 

$21,640 $64,040

 

PURCHASE, EXCHANGE & REDEMPTION OF SHARES

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”), will maintain an account for each shareholder upon which the registration and transfer of shares are recorded, and any transfers shall be reflected by bookkeeping entry, without physical delivery. Confirmations of each purchase, exchange or redemption are sent to each shareholder. Quarterly statements of account are sent which include shares purchased as a result of a reinvestment of Fund distributions. The Transfer Agent will require that a shareholder provide requests in writing, accompanied by a valid signature guarantee form, when changing certain information in an account (i.e., wiring instructions, telephone privileges, etc.).

 

Share Classes

 

Shares of each Fund are currently divided into four share classes – Class A, Class C, Institutional Class and Investor Class shares.

 

The assets received by each class of the Fund for the issue or sale of its shares and all income, earnings, profits, losses and proceeds therefrom, subject only to the rights of creditors, are allocated to, and constitute the underlying assets of, that class of the Fund. The underlying assets of each class of the Fund are segregated and are charged with the expenses with respect to that class of the Fund along with a share of the general expenses of the Fund and Trust. Any general expenses of the Fund that are not readily identifiable as belonging to a particular class of the Fund are allocated by or under the direction of the Trustees in such manner as they determine to be fair and equitable.

37 

 

Purchase of Shares

 

The following table lists the sales charges that will be applied to your share purchase, subject to the breakpoint discounts indicated in the tables and described below.

 

Purchase Amount

Class A 

(Sales Charge)** 

Class A  

Dealer Concession

as a Percentage of

Offering Price 

Class C

(Sales Charge) 

 Institutional Class 

(Sales Charge) 

Investor Class  

(Sales Charge) 

Less than $50,000 4.75% 4.25% None* None None
$50,000 to $249,999.99 3.75% 3.25% None* None None
$250,000 to $499,999.99 2.75% 2.50% None* None None
$500,000 to $999,999.99 2.25% 2.00% None* None None
$1 million or greater 0.00% Up to 0.50% None* None None

 

*A contingent deferred sales charge of 1.00% may apply to shares redeemed within 12 months of purchase.

 

**Based on the amount you invest in a Fund; sales charge calculated as a percentage of the offering price and not NAV.

 

Class A shares are generally offered directly and through financial intermediary platforms including, but not limited to, traditional brokerage platforms, mutual fund wrap fee programs, bank trust platforms, and retirement platforms. Class A shares offer the ability for payment of up to 4.75% of the offering price for payment to financial intermediaries for the provision of general distribution services, up to 0.35% of net assets for 12b-1 distribution and services. In addition, the shares offer the ability for payment to financial intermediaries for the provision of administrative services, including recordkeeping, subaccounting, order processing for omnibus or networked accounts, or other shareholder services provided on behalf of their clients. Consult with your financial intermediary representative for additional information on whether the shares are an appropriate investment choice. Broker-Dealers who make shares available through mutual fund wrap accounts may impose additional fees for services connected to the wrap account. Investments of $50,000 or more, either as a lump sum or though the Fund’s accumulation or letter of intent programs may be eligible for a waiver of all or part of the 4.75% initial sales charge (load).

 

If your account value, including the amount of your current investment, totals $1 million or more, you will not pay a front-end sales charge on the current investment amount. The Distributor may pay the selling financial intermediary up to 0.50% of the offering price. However, if you sell these shares (for which you did not pay a front-end sales charge) within twelve months of purchase, you will pay a contingent deferred sales charge ("CDSC") of 0.50%. The amount of CDSC is determined as a percentage of the lesser of the current market value or the cost of the shares being redeemed. The Funds will use the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method to determine the twelve-month holding period for the CDSC. The date of the redemption will be compared to the earliest purchase date of Class A shares not subject to a sales charge held in the redeeming shareholder's account. The CDSC will be charged if the holding period is less than twelve months, using the anniversary date of a transaction to determine the "twelve-month" mark. The CDSC primarily goes to the Distributor as reimbursement for the portion of the dealer concession paid to financial intermediaries.

38 

 

Class A shares acquired by reinvestment of dividends are not subject to the CDSC. CDSC waivers are available in certain circumstances. For information regarding waivers (see Redemption of Shares - Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (“CDSC”) below).

 

Descriptions of sales charge waivers and/or discounts for Class A Shares with respect to certain financial intermediaries are reproduced in “Appendix A – Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Waivers and Discounts” to this prospectus based on information provided by the financial intermediary.

 

Class C shares are generally offered directly and through financial intermediary platforms including, but not limited to, traditional brokerage platforms, mutual fund wrap fee programs, bank trust platforms, and retirement platforms. A contingent deferred sales charge of 1.00% may apply to Class C shares redeemed within the first year after a purchase (see Redemption of Shares - Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (“CDSC”) below). Class C shares offer the ability for payment of up to 0.75% of net assets for 12b-1 distribution and services, and up to 0.25% of net assets for the provision of other shareholder services to financial intermediaries on behalf of their clients. In addition, the shares offer the ability for payment to financial intermediaries for the provision of administrative services, including recordkeeping, subaccounting, order processing for omnibus or networked accounts, or other shareholder services provided on behalf of their clients. Consult with your financial intermediary representative for additional information on whether the shares are an appropriate investment choice. Broker-Dealers who make shares available through mutual fund wrap accounts may impose additional fees for services connected to the wrap account. The maximum purchase amount for Class C Shares is $999,999.99. Purchases of $1 million or more are invested in Class A shares because there is no CDSC for shares held less than 12 months and Class A shares’ annual expenses are lower.

 

Institutional Class shares may be purchased through financial intermediaries (including, but not limited to, broker-dealers, retirement plans, bank trust departments, and financial advisers) who may require payment from the Fund or its service providers for the provision of distribution, administrative or shareholder retention services, except for networking and/or omnibus account fees, or, for certain institutional investors, directly from the distributor for purchases of $1,000,000 or more. Institutional investors may include, but are not limited to, corporations, retirement plans, public plans and foundations/endowments.

 

In addition to new investors, Investor Class shares were also offered to those investors who were investors in the Forward Predecessor Funds prior to the effective date of the Transition of the Funds to the Trust and who were not assigned to a broker-dealer distributor.

 

Underwriting Commissions

 

The following chart reflects the total front-end sales charges paid in connection with the sale of Class A shares of each Fund and the amount retained by ALPS Distributors, Inc. for the last three fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, April 30, 2018 and April 30, 2017:

 

  2019 2018 2017
  Total Sales Charge Amount Retained Total Sales Charge Amount Retained Total Sales Charge Amount Retained
Emerald Banking and Finance Fund $292,497 - $455,631   $740,779 -
Emerald Growth Fund $34,598 - $58,669   $34,548 -
Emerald Insights Fund $11,483 - $3,373   $10,978 -
Emerald Small Cap Value Fund $53,657 - $22,305   $27,918 -

39 

 

Other Information

 

The minimum initial investments in each Fund are set forth in the Prospectus. Subsequent purchases may be made in any amount.

 

Subsequent investments may be made at any time by mailing a check to a Fund’s Transfer Agent, along with a detachable stub from the Statement of Account (or a letter providing the account number). Shareholders should be sure to write the Fund’s account number on the check. Purchases of Fund shares (initial or subsequent) may not be made by third party check.

 

Shares of a Fund may be purchased on any business day at the net asset value per share next determined after receipt of a purchase order. Share certificates will not be issued. Share purchase orders are effective on the date a Fund receives a completed Account Application Form (and other required documents) and federal funds become available.

 

Initial and subsequent investments may also be made by wire transfer. Shareholders should note that their bank may charge a fee in connection with transferring money by bank wire.

 

For a share purchase order for a Fund to become effective on a particular business day, prior to 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time): (i) in the case of a wire transfer payment, a purchaser must call 1-855-828-9909 to inform the Transfer Agent of an incoming wire transfer; or (ii) in the case of payment by check or money order, a complete share purchase order must be actually received by the Transfer Agent, and, in either case, federal funds must be received by the Transfer Agent, on behalf of the Fund. If federal funds are received by the Transfer Agent that same day, the order will be effective on that day. If a Fund receives notification of a wire transfer or a complete share purchase order after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time), or if federal funds are not received by the Transfer Agent, such purchase order shall be executed as of the date that federal funds are actually received.

 

Investor Class shares may also be purchased online via www.emeraldmutualfunds.com.

 

The price of a Fund’s shares and the valuation of Fund assets are discussed in “Net Asset Value.”

 

Exchanging Shares

 

If you have held all or part of your shares in a Fund for at least seven days, you may exchange those shares for shares of another Fund, so long as such Fund is available for sale in your state and meets your investment criteria.

40 

 

Any new account established through an exchange will be subject to all minimum requirements applicable to the shares acquired. The exchange privilege may only be exercised in those states where the class of shares being acquired legally may be sold. If you are an existing shareholder of a Fund, you may exchange into a new account copying your existing account registration and options. Exchanges between accounts will be accepted only if registrations are identical.

 

Before effecting an exchange, you should read the prospectus for the Fund into which you are exchanging.

 

You may also transfer between classes of a Fund if you meet the minimum investment requirements for the class into which you would like to transfer.

 

An exchange represents the sale of shares from one fund and the purchase of shares of another fund. Under the U.S. federal income tax law, this may produce a taxable gain or loss in your non-tax-deferred account. Transfers between classes of a single Fund are generally not considered a taxable transaction.

 

The exchange privilege may be modified or terminated upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to shareholders. Although initially there will be no limit on the number of times you may exercise the exchange privilege, each Fund reserves the right to impose such a limitation. Call or write each Fund for further details.

 

Redemption of Shares

 

If the Board determines that it is in the best interests of the remaining shareholders of a Fund, a Fund may pay the redemption price in whole, or in part, by a distribution in kind from the Fund, in lieu of cash, taking such securities at their value employed for determining such redemption price, and selecting the securities in such manner as such Board may deem fair and equitable. A shareholder who receives a distribution in kind may incur a brokerage commission upon a later disposition of such securities and may receive less than the redemption value of such securities or property upon sale, particularly where such securities are sold prior to maturity. However, each Fund is required to redeem shares solely for cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the NAV of the Fund during any 90-day period for any one shareholder. Should redemptions by any shareholder exceed such limitation, the Fund will have the option of redeeming the excess in cash or in-kind. Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption.

 

Under the 1940 Act, each Fund may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for any period: (i) during which the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (ii) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; or (iii) during which (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or for such other periods as the SEC may permit. Each Fund may also suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of its shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions.

 

Redemption Procedures.  Each Fund will redeem all full and fractional shares of the Fund upon request on any business day at the applicable net asset value determined after the receipt of proper redemption instructions, less any applicable redemption fees. Shareholders liquidating their holdings will receive upon redemption all dividends reinvested through the date of redemption. If notice of redemption is received on any business day, the redemption will be effective on the date of receipt. Payment will ordinarily be made on the next business day, but, in any case, within no more than seven business days from the date of receipt. If the notice is received on a day that is not a business day or after the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE, the redemption notice will be deemed received as of the next business day. The value of shares at the time of redemption may be more or less than the shareholder’s cost.

41 

 

No redemption requests will be processed until a Fund has received a completed Purchase Application, and no redemption of shares purchased by check will be made until all checks received for such shares have been collected, which may take up to 10 days or more.

 

Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (“CDSC”). Class C share purchases may be charged a CDSC of 1% if those shares are redeemed within 12 months of initial purchase. If you invest $1 million or more, either as a lump sum or through the Fund’s accumulation or letter of intent programs, you can purchase Class A shares without an initial sales charge (load); however, a CDSC of up to 0.50% may apply to Class A shares redeemed within the first 12 months after a purchase in excess of $1 million. Each Fund may waive the imposition of a CDSC on redemption of Fund shares under certain circumstances and conditions, including without limitation, the following:

 

Redemptions following the death or permanent disability (as defined by Section 72(m)(7) of the Code) of a shareholder if made within one year of death or the initial determination of permanent disability. The waiver is available only for shares held at the time of death or initial determination of permanent disability: and

Required minimum distributions from a tax-deferred retirement plan or an individual retirement account (IRA) as required under the Code. The waiver of the CDSC for required distributions will be as a percentage of assets held in the Fund.

 

If you think you may be eligible for a CDSC waiver, contact your financial intermediary. You must notify the Fund prior to the redemption request to ensure your receipt of the waiver.

 

Redemption By Mail.  Shares may be redeemed by mail by submitting a written request from the registered owner(s) signed exactly as shares are registered. Signature guarantees by an acceptable guarantor are required to redeem amounts greater than $50,000 or to have proceeds sent to an address other than the address of record. The Transfer Agent has adopted standards and procedures pursuant to which signature-guarantees in proper form generally will be accepted from domestic banks, brokers, dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations, as well as from participants in the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program, the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (“STAMP”) and the Stock Exchanges Medallion Program. Shareholders with any questions regarding signature-guarantees should contact the Transfer Agent.

 

In certain instances, the Transfer Agent may require additional documents such as, but not limited to, trust instruments, death certificates, appointments as executor or administrator or certificates of corporate authority.

 

Checks for redemption proceeds will be mailed to the address of record within seven days of redemption.

 

Redemption By Wire.  If redemption by wire has been elected in the Purchase Application, shares may be redeemed on any business day upon request made by telephone or letter. A shareholder or any authorized agent (so designated on the Account Application Form) must provide the Transfer Agent with the dollar or share amount to be redeemed, the account to which the redemption proceeds should be wired, the name of the shareholder and the shareholder’s account number. Shareholders should note that their bank may charge a fee in connection with transferring money by wire.

42 

 

A shareholder may change its authorized agent, the address of record or the account designated to receive redemption proceeds at any time by providing the Transfer Agent with written instructions signature guaranteed as described above.

 

Telephone Redemption.  A shareholder may request redemption by calling the Transfer Agent at 1-855-828-9909. Proceeds from telephone redemptions will be forwarded to the shareholder by check unless the shareholder has requested redemption by wire in the manner described above under “Redemption by Wire.” The check will be made only payable to the registered shareholder and sent to the address of record on file with the Transfer Agent. Each Fund reserves the right to refuse a telephone request for redemption if it is believed advisable to do so. Procedures for redeeming shares by telephone may be modified or terminated at any time by the Fund. Neither any Fund nor the Transfer Agent will be liable for following redemption instructions received by telephone which are reasonably believed to be genuine, and the shareholder will bear the risk of loss in the event of unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. Each Fund will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. The Fund and/or the Transfer Agent may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions if they do not follow such procedures. Each Fund may require personal identification codes.

 

Internet. Investor Class shareholders may also redeem shares online via www.emeraldmutualfunds.com.

 

Rule 12b-1 Plans

 

Each Fund has adopted a separate plan of distribution for its Class A, Class C and Investor Class shares, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (each, a “Plan” and collectively, the “Plans”).

 

The Plans allow each Fund, as applicable, to use Class A, Class C and Investor Class assets to pay fees in connection with the distribution and marketing of Class A, Class C and Investor Class shares and/or the provision of on-going shareholder services to Class A, Class C and Investor Class shareholders. The Plan permits payment for services in connection with the administration of plans or programs that use Class A, Class C and Investor Class shares of the Fund as their funding medium and for related expenses.

 

The Plans permit each Fund to make total payments at an annual rate of up to 0.35% of a Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to its Class A shares, 0.75% of a Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to its Class C shares and 0.25% a Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to its Investor Class Shares. Because these 12b-1 fees are paid out of a Fund’s Class A, Class C and Investor Class assets on an ongoing basis, over time they will increase the cost of an investment in Class A, Class C and Investor Class shares, and Plan fees may cost an investor more than other types of sales charges.

 

Under the terms of the Plan, the Trust is authorized to make payments to ADI for remittance to retirement plan service providers, broker-dealers, bank trust departments, financial advisors, and other financial intermediaries, as compensation for distribution and/or shareholder services performed by such entities for their customers who are investors in the Fund. Financial intermediaries may from time to time be required to meet certain criteria in order to receive 12b-1 fees. ADI is entitled to retain all fees paid under the Plan for the first 12 months on any investment in Class C Shares to recoup its expenses with respect to the payment of commissions on sales of Class C Shares. Financial intermediaries will become eligible for compensation under the Class C Plan beginning in the 13th month following the purchase of Class C Shares, although ADI may, pursuant to a written agreement between ADI and a particular financial intermediary, pay such financial intermediary 12b-1 fees prior to the 13th month following the purchase of Class C Shares. ADI is entitled to retain some or all fees payable under the Plan in certain circumstances, including when there is no broker of record or when certain qualification standards have not been met by the broker of record. The Plan may be terminated by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the relevant class of shares of a Fund. The Plan may be amended by vote of the relevant Trustees, including a majority of the relevant Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose. Any change in the Plan that would materially increase the fees payable thereunder by the relevant class of shares of a Fund requires approval by a vote of the holders of a majority of such shares outstanding. The Trustees review quarterly written reports of such costs and the purposes for which such costs have been incurred.

43 

 

The Plan will continue in effect for successive one-year periods, provided that each such continuance is specifically approved (i) by the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees of the Trust who have no financial interest in the operation of the Plan and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the entire Board cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose.

 

For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, the total amounts paid by the Class A shares, Class C shares and Investor Class shares of each Fund to ADI (substantially all of which ADI paid out as compensation to broker-dealers and other service providers) under each Class’ respective Plan are summarized below.

 

  Advertising and Literature Printing and Postage  Payment to Dealers  Compensation to Sales Personnel  Total 12b-1 Payments
Emerald Banking and Finance Fund          
Class A Shares     $503,612   $503,612
Class C Shares     $509,655   $509,655
Investor Class Shares     $157,892   $157,892
Emerald Growth Fund          
Class A Shares     $739,396   $739,396
Class C Shares     $240,129   $240,129
Investor Class Shares     $263,276   $263,276
Emerald Insights Fund          
Class A Shares     $32,536   $32,536
Class C Shares     $912   $912
Investor Class Shares     $304   $304
Emerald Small Cap Value Fund          
Class A Shares     $14,452   $14,452
Class C Shares     $490   4$90
Investor Class Shares     $1,405   1,405

44 

 

Shareholder Services Plan for Class C Shares

 

Each Fund has adopted a shareholder services plan (a “Class C Shareholder Services Plan”) with respect to the Fund’s Class C shares. Under the Class C Shareholder Services Plan, each Fund is authorized to pay banks and their affiliates and other institutions, including broker-dealers and Fund affiliates (“Participating Organizations”), an aggregate fee in an amount not to exceed on an annual basis 0.25% for Class C shares of the average daily net asset value of the Class C shares of the Fund attributable to or held in the name of a Participating Organization for its clients as compensation for providing on-going shareholder service activities, which do not include distribution services, pursuant to an agreement with a Participating Organization. Any amount of such payment not paid during a Fund’s fiscal year for such service activities shall be reimbursed to such Fund as soon as practicable.

 

Shareholder Services Plan for Institutional Class Shares

 

Except for the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund, each Fund has adopted a shareholder services plan (an “Institutional Class Shareholder Services Plan”) with respect to the Fund’s Institutional Class shares. Under the Institutional Class Shareholder Services Plan, each of the aforementioned Funds is authorized to pay banks and their affiliates and other institutions, including broker-dealers and Fund affiliates (“Participating Organizations”), an aggregate fee in an amount not to exceed on an annual basis 0.05% for Institutional Class shares of the average daily net asset value of the Institutional Class shares of a Fund attributable to or held in the name of a Participating Organization for its clients as compensation for providing on going shareholder service activities, which do not include distribution services, pursuant to an agreement with a Participating Organization. Any amount of such payment not paid during a Fund’s fiscal year for such service activities shall be reimbursed to such Fund as soon as practicable.

 

Shareholder Services Plan for Investor Class Shares Except for the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund, each Fund has adopted a shareholder services plan (an “Investor Class Shareholder Services Plan”) with respect to the Fund’s Investor Class shares. Under the Investor Class Shareholder Services Plan, each of the aforementioned Funds is authorized to pay banks and their affiliates and other institutions, including broker-dealers and Fund affiliates (“Participating Organizations”), an aggregate fee in an amount not to exceed on an annual basis 0.15% for Investor Class shares of the average daily net asset value of the Investor Class shares of a Fund attributable to or held in the name of a Participating Organization for its clients as compensation for providing on-going shareholder service activities, which do not include distribution services, pursuant to an agreement with a Participating Organization. Any amount of such payment not paid during a Fund’s fiscal year for such service activities shall be reimbursed to such Fund as soon as practicable.

 

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

The business and affairs of each Fund are managed under the direction of its Board. The Board approves all significant agreements between the Trust on behalf of a Fund and the persons or companies that furnish services to the Fund, including agreements with its distributor, Adviser, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. The day-to-day operations of each Fund are delegated to the Fund’s Adviser and administrator.

45 

 

The name, address, year of birth and principal occupations for the past five years of the Trustees and officers of the Trust are listed below, along with the number of portfolios in the Fund complex overseen by and the other directorships held by each Trustee.

 

INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES

 

Name, 

Address* 

& Year of Birth 

Position(s) 

Held with 

Fund 

Term of 

Office** and 

Length of 

Time 

Served 

Principal 

Occupation(s) During 

Past 5 Years*** 

Number of 

Funds in

 Fund

 Complex

 Overseen 

by Trustee 

**** 

Other

 Directorships

 Held by

 Trustee During Past 5

Years*** 

Mary K. Anstine

1940

 

Trustee and Chairman Ms. Anstine was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on March 21, 1997 and re-elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Ms. Anstine was appointed Chairman of the Board at the June 6, 2017 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Anstine was formerly an Executive Vice President of First Interstate Bank of Denver until 1994, President/Chief Executive Officer of HealthONE Alliance, Denver, Colorado, from 1994 to 2004, and has been retired since 2004. Ms. Anstine is also Trustee/Director of AV Hunter Trust and Colorado Uplift Board. Ms. Anstine was formerly a Director of the Trust Bank of Colorado (later purchased and now known as Northern Trust Bank), HealthONE and Denver Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America, and a member of the American Bankers Association Trust Executive Committee. 31 Ms. Anstine is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); ALPS Variable Investment Trust (9 funds); Reaves Utility Income Fund (1 fund); and Segall Bryant & Hamill Trust  (14 funds).

Jeremy W. Deems,

1976

 

Trustee Mr. Deems was appointed as a Trustee at the March 11, 2008 meeting of the Board of Trustees and elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Deems is the Co-Founder, Chief Operations Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Green Alpha Advisors, LLC, a registered investment advisor, and Co-Portfolio Manager of the Shelton Green Alpha Fund. Prior to joining Green Alpha Advisors, Mr. Deems was CFO and Treasurer of Forward Management, LLC, ReFlow Management Co., LLC, ReFlow Fund, LLC, a private investment fund, and Sutton Place Management, LLC, an administrative services company, from 1998 to June 2007.  From 2004 to 2005, Mr Deems also served as Treasurer of the Forward Funds and the Sierra Club Funds. 31 Mr. Deems is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); ALPS Variable Investment Trust (9 funds); Clough Funds Trust (1 fund); ; and Reaves Utility Income Fund (1 fund).

Jerry G. Rutledge,

1944

 

Trustee Mr. Rutledge was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Rutledge is the President and owner of Rutledge’s Inc., a retail clothing business. Mr. Rutledge is currently Director of the American National Bank. He was from 1994 to 2007 a Regent of the University of Colorado. 31 Mr. Rutledge is a Trustee of Principal Real Estate Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Equity Fund (1 fund); and Clough Global Opportunities Fund (1 fund).

46 

 

Name, 

Address* 

& Year of Birth 

Position(s) 

Held with 

Fund 

Term of 

Office** and 

Length of 

Time 

Served 

Principal 

Occupation(s) During 

Past 5 Years*** 

Number of 

Funds in

 Fund

 Complex

 Overseen 

by Trustee 

**** 

Other

 Directorships

 Held by

 Trustee During Past 5

Years*** 

Michael “Ross” Shell,

1970

 

Trustee Mr. Shell was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Shell is Founder and CEO of Red Idea, LLC, a strategic consulting/early stage venture firm (since June 2008). From 1999 to 2009, he was a part-owner and Director of Tesser, Inc., a brand agency. From December 2005 to May 2008, he was Director, Marketing and Investor Relations, of Woodbourne, a REIT/real estate hedge fund and private equity firm. Prior to this, from May 2004 to November 2005, he worked as a business strategy consultant; from June 2003 to April 2004, he was on the Global Client Services team of IDEO, a product design/innovation firm; and from 1999 to 2003, he was President of Tesser, Inc. Mr. Shell graduated with honors from Stanford University with a degree in Political Science. 31 None.

47 

 

INTERESTED TRUSTEE

 

Name, 

Address* & 

Year of Birth 

Position(s) 

Held with 

Fund 

Term of Office** 

and Length of 

Time Served 

Principal 

Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years*** 

Number of 

Funds in 

Fund 

Complex 

Overseen by 

Trustee **** 

Other 

Directorships 

Held by 

Trustee During Past 5 Years*** 

Edmund J. Burke, 

1961

 

Trustee Mr. Burke was elected as Trustee at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Burke joined ALPS in 1991 and served as the President and Director of ALPS Holdings, Inc., and ALPS Advisors, Inc., and Director of ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (“ALPS”), and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. (collectively, the “ALPS Companies”). Mr. Burke retired from the ALPS Companies in June 2019. Mr. Burke is deemed an “Interested Trustee” by virtue of his prior relationship with the ALPS Companies. 31 Mr. Burke is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Equity Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Opportunities Fund (1 fund); Clough Funds Trust (1 fund); Liberty All-Star Equity Fund (1 fund); and Director of the Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc. (1 fund).

 

OFFICERS

 

Name, Address* & 

Year of Birth 

Position(s) 

Held with 

Fund 

Term of 

Office** and 

Length of 

Time Served 

Principal Occupation(s) During 

Past 5 Years*** 

Bradley J. Swenson, 

1972

 

President Mr. Swenson was elected President of the Trust at the June 11 – 12, 2019 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Mr. Swenson joined ALPS in 2004 and has served as its President since June 2019.  In this role, he serves as an officer to certain other closed-end and open-end investment companies.  He previously served as the Chief Operating Officer of ALPS (2015-2019). Mr. Swenson also previously served as Chief Compliance Officer to ALPS, its affiliated entities, and to certain ETF, closed-end and open-end investment companies (2004-2015). Because of his position with ALPS, Mr. Swenson is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act.

Kimberly R. Storms

1972

 

Treasurer Ms. Storms was elected Treasurer of the Trust at the March 12, 2013 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Storms is Senior Vice President - Director of Fund Administration of ALPS. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Storms is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Storms is also Treasurer of Liberty All-Star Equity Fund, Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc., and ALPS Series Trust.  Ms. Storms also serves as a Board member and Treasurer of The Center for Trauma & Resilience, a nonprofit agency.

Karen S. Gilomen

1970

 

Secretary Ms. Gilomen was elected Secretary of the Trust at the December 13, 2016 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Gilomen joined ALPS in August 2016 as Vice President and Senior Counsel. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Gilomen was Vice President - General Counsel & CCO of Monticello Associates, Inc. from 2010 to 2016. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Gilomen is deemed an affiliate of the Trust, as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Gilomen is also the Secretary of ALPS Variable Investment Trust and Reaves Utility Income Fund, and the Assistant Secretary of the WesMark Funds.

48 

 

Name, Address* & 

Year of Birth 

Position(s) 

Held with 

Fund 

Term of 

Office** and 

Length of 

Time Served 

Principal Occupation(s) During 

Past 5 Years*** 

Ted Uhl

1974

 

Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) Mr. Uhl was appointed CCO of the Trust at the June 8, 2010 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

Mr. Uhl joined ALPS in October 2006, and is currently Deputy Compliance Officer of ALPS. Prior to his current role, Mr. Uhl served as Senior Risk Manager for ALPS from October 2006 until June 2010. Before joining ALPS, Mr. Uhl served a Sr. Analyst with Enenbach and Associates (RIA), and a Sr. Financial Analyst at Sprint. Because of his position with ALPS, Mr. Uhl is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Mr. Uhl is also CCO of the Boulder Growth & Income Fund, Inc., Centre Funds, Axonic Alternative Income Fund, Index Funds, Reality Shares ETF Trust, Reaves Utility Income Fund and XAI Octagon Floating Rate & Alternative Income Term Trust.  

Jennell Panella

1974

 

Assistant Treasurer Ms. Panella was elected Assistant Treasurer of the Trust at the September 15, 2015 meeting of the Board of Trustees Ms. Panella joined ALPS in June 2012 and is currently Fund Controller of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Panella served as Financial Reporting Manager for Parker Global Strategies, LLC (2009-2012).  Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Panella is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Panella also serves as Assistant Treasurer of James Advantage Funds.

Sharon Akselrod

1974

 

Assistant Secretary Ms. Akselrod was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the September 15, 2015 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Akselrod joined ALPS in August 2014 and is currently Senior Investment Company Act Paralegal of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Akselrod served as Corporate Governance and Regulatory Associate for Nordstrom fsb (2013-2014) and Senior Legal Assistant – Legal Manager for AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company (2008-2013). Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Akselrod is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Akselrod is also Secretary of Principal Real Estate Income Fund and Assistant Secretary of ALPS ETF Trust and Clough Funds Trust.

Jennifer Craig, 

1973

 

Assistant Secretary

Ms. Craig was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the June 8, 2016 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

 

Ms. Craig joined ALPS in 2007 and is currently Assistant Vice President and Paralegal Manager of ALPS. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Craig is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Craig is also Assistant Secretary of Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund, Clough Global Equity Fund, Clough Global Opportunities Fund, Liberty All-Star Equity Fund, and Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc. 

Sareena Khwaja-Dixon, 

1980

 

Assistant Secretary

Ms. Khwaja-Dixon was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the December 12, 2017 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

 

Ms. Khwaja-Dixon joined ALPS in August 2015 and is currently Senior Counsel and Vice President of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Khwaja-Dixon served as a Senior Paralegal/Paralegal for Russell Investments (2011 – 2015). Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Khwaja-Dixon is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Khwaja-Dixon is also Secretary of Liberty All-Star Equity Fund, Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc., Clough Funds Trust, Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund, Clough Global Opportunities Fund, and Clough Global Equity Fund.

 

 
* All communications to Trustees and Officers may be directed to Financial Investors Trust c/o 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, CO 80203.

**This is the period for which the Trustee or Officer began serving the Trust. Each Trustee serves an indefinite term, until such Trustees successor is elected and appointed, or such Trustee resigns or is deceased. Officers are elected on an annual basis.

***Except as otherwise indicated, each individual has held the office shown or other offices in the same company for the last five years.

49 

 

**** The Fund Complex includes all series of the Trust (currently 31) and any other investment companies for which Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust provides investment advisory services (currently none).

 

Additional Information About the Trustees’ Qualifications and Experience

 

The following is a brief discussion of the specific education, experience, qualifications, or skills that led to the conclusion, as of the date of this SAI, that each person identified below should serve as a Trustee for the Trust.

 

Mary K. Anstine

 

Ms. Anstine has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since March 21, 1997 and Chairman since June 6, 2017. Currently retired, Ms. Anstine has over 30 years of financial services experience. Most recently, she was President and CEO of HealthONE Alliance, Denver, Colorado from 1994 through 2004. From 1964 to 1994, Ms. Anstine held positions leading up to Executive Vice President of First Interstate Bank. She was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on her business and financial services experience.

 

Jeremy W. Deems

 

Mr. Deems has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since March 11, 2008. In 2007, Mr. Deems co-founded Green Alpha Advisors, LLC, a registered investment adviser, for which he currently serves as Chief Operations Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to co-founding Green Alpha Advisors, Mr. Deems was CFO of Forward Management, LLC, investment advisor to the Forward Funds and Sierra Club Mutual Funds, where he was also co-portfolio manager to the Sierra Club Stock Fund. In addition, he was the CFO of ReFlow Management Co., LLC. Prior to joining Forward and ReFlow, he served as Regional Marketing Assistant within the Investment Consulting Services Group at Morgan Stanley Dean Witter. Mr. Deems received a B.S. and a MBA in finance from Saint Mary’s College of California and is a licensed Certified Public Accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services, accounting and investment management experience.

 

Jerry G. Rutledge

 

Mr. Rutledge has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. Mr. Rutledge is the President and owner of Rutledge's Inc., an upscale men's clothing store, which he opened in 1967. Mr. Rutledge has over 40 years of business experience. He served on the CU Board of Regents from 1995 to 2007 and currently serves on the Board of American National Bank. Mr. Rutledge is a graduate of the University of Colorado. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business experience.

 

Michael “Ross” Shell

 

Mr. Shell has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. In 2008, Mr. Shell founded Red Idea, LLC, a strategic consulting/early stage venture firm, for which he currently serves as CEO. From 1999 to 2009, he was a part-owner and Director of Tesser, Inc., a brand agency, during which time he also served as Director, Marketing and Investor Relations, of Woodbourne, a REIT/real estate hedge fund and private equity firm. Prior to this, he worked as a business strategy consultant, he was on the Global Client Services team of IDEO, and he was President of Tesser, Inc. Mr. Shell graduated with honors from Stanford University with a degree in Political Science. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services and investment management experience.

50 

 

Edmund J. Burke

 

Mr. Burke has been an Interested Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. Mr. Burke joined ALPS Fund Services, Inc., the Fund's’ administrator, in 1991 and retired in 2019.  He previously served as Director of ALPS Holdings, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc., ALPS Advisors, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc., the Funds’ principal underwriter, and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. Mr. Burke has over 20 years of financial services and investment management experience. Before joining ALPS, Mr. Burke was a Regional Vice President for the Pioneer Funds in Boston and has also worked with Fidelity. Mr. Burke has a B.A. in Economics from the University of New Hampshire. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services and investment management experience.

 

Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities

 

Overall responsibility for oversight of each Fund rests with the Trustees. The Trust has engaged the Adviser to manage each Fund on a day-to day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers in the operations of each Fund in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s charter. The Board is currently composed of five members, four of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board meets at regularly scheduled quarterly meetings each year. In addition, the Board may hold special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. As described below, the Board has established a Nominating and Governance Committee and an Audit Committee, and may establish ad hoc committees or working groups from time to time, to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities. The Independent Trustees have also engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.

 

The Board has appointed Mary K. Anstine, an Independent Trustee, to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with the Adviser, other service providers, counsel and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board reviews matters related to its leadership structure annually. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate given the Trust’s characteristics and circumstances. These characteristics include, but are not limited to, the Trust’s multiple series of fund shares, each fund’s single portfolio of assets, each fund’s net assets, the services provided by the funds’ service providers, the formal and informal functions of the various Independent Trustees both during and between Board meetings, the existence of the Trust for over 15 years and the long board service of some of the Independent Trustees, which in some cases date back to the inception of the Trust.

 

Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of the Funds and is addressed as part of various Board and Committee activities. As part of its regular oversight of the Funds, the Board, directly or through a Committee, interacts with and reviews reports from, among others, Fund management, the Adviser, the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer, the Funds’ legal counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds regarding risks faced by the Funds. The Board, with the assistance of Fund management and the Adviser, reviews investment policies and risks in connection with its review of each Fund’s performance. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Funds’ compliance program and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Funds and their principal service providers. In addition, as part of the Board’s periodic review of each Fund’s advisory and other service provider agreements, the Board may consider risk management aspects of these service providers’ operations and the functions for which they are responsible.

51 

 

None of the Independent Trustees own securities in the Adviser or the Distributor, nor do they own securities in any entity directly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Adviser or the Distributor.

 

Audit Committee.  The Board has an Audit Committee which considers such matters pertaining to the Trust’s books of account, financial records, internal accounting controls and changes in accounting principles or practices as the Trustees may from time to time determine.  The Audit Committee also considers the engagement and compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm (“Firm”) and ensures receipt from the Firm of a formal written statement delineating relationships between the Firm and the Trust, consistent with Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Rule 3526.  The Audit Committee also meets privately with the representatives of the Firm to review the scope and results of audits and other duties as set forth in the Audit Committee’s Charter.  The Audit Committee members, each of whom are Independent Trustees are: Ms. Anstine and Messrs. Deems (Chairman), Rutledge and Shell.  The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019.

 

Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeThe Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee meets periodically to advise and assist the Board in selecting nominees to serve as trustees of the Trust. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes the Board generally benefits from diversity of background, experience and views among its members, and considers this a factor in evaluating the composition of the Board, but has not adopted any specific policy in this regard. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also advises and assists the Board in establishing, implementing and executing policies, procedures and practices that assure orderly and effective governance of the Trust and effective and efficient management of all business and financial affairs of the Trust.  Members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are currently: Ms. Anstine (Chairman) and Messrs. Deems, Rutledge and Shell.  The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board met once during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019.

 

Shareholder Nominations.  The Board will consider shareholder nominees for Trustees.  All nominees must possess the appropriate characteristics, skills and experience for serving on the Board.  In particular, the Board and its Independent Trustees will consider each nominee’s integrity, educational and professional background, understanding of the Trust’s business on a technical level and commitment to devote the time and attention necessary to fulfill a Trustee’s duties.  All shareholders who wish to recommend nominees for consideration as Trustees shall submit the names and qualifications of the candidates to the Secretary of the Trust by writing to: Financial Investors Trust, 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado, 80203.

 

As of December 31, 2018, the dollar range of equity securities in the Funds beneficially owned by the Interested Trustee were as follows:

52 

 

Interested Trustee 

Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Funds

Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity

Securities in All Registered Investment

Companies Overseen by Trustee in

Family of Investment Companies

Edmund J. Burke None None

 

As of December 31, 2018, the dollar range of equity securities in the Funds beneficially owned by Independent Trustees were as follows: 

 

Independent Trustees  Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Funds

Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity

Securities in All Registered Investment

Companies Overseen by Trustee in

Family of Investment Companies

Mary K. Anstine None $10,001 - $50,000
Jeremy W. Deems None None
Jerry G. Rutledge None $50,001 - $100,000
Michael “Ross” Shell None None

 

Remuneration of Trustees.  The Independent Trustees receive a quarterly retainer of $15,000, plus $6,000 for each regular or special in-person Board or Committee meeting attended, and $2,000 for each special telephonic Board or Committee meeting attended. The Chairman of the Board and the Chairman of the Audit Committee will also receive an additional quarterly retainer of $3,000. The Independent Trustees are also reimbursed for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, the Independent Trustees received the following compensation:

 

  Aggregate Compensation From the Trust

Pension Or Retirement

Benefits Accrued As

Part of Fund Expenses

Estimated Annual

Benefits Upon

Retirement

Aggregate Compensation

From The Trust

And Fund Complex

Paid To Trustees*

Mary K. Anstine $120,000 $0 $0 $120,000
Jeremy W. Deems $120,000 $0 $0 $120,000
Jerry G. Rutledge $106,000 $0 $0 $106,000
Michael “Ross” Shell $104,000 $0 $0 $104,000

 

* The Fund Complex includes all series of the Trust (currently 31) and any other investment companies for which any Trustee serves as trustee for and which Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust provides investment advisory services (currently none).

53 

 

No officer, trustee or employee of the Adviser or any of its affiliates receives any compensation from the Funds for serving as an officer or trustee of the Funds.

 

INVESTMENT MANAGER

 

Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust (“Emerald” or the “Adviser”), subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees, is responsible for the overall management and administration of each Fund’s business affairs. The Adviser commenced business operations in April of 2005 and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment adviser. Emerald is located at 3175 Oregon Pike, Leola, PA 17540. Emerald is a wholly owned subsidiary of Emerald Advisers, LLC, the former investment advisor to the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund and Emerald Growth Fund, and is located at the same address as that of Emerald. As of June 30, 2019, Emerald Advisers, LLC had approximately $5.2 billion in assets under management. Emerald Advisers, LLC (previously incorporated as Emerald Advisers, Inc. until July 10, 2018) commenced business operations in October, 1992.

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory and Management Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund pays the Adviser an annual management fee of 1% based on the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund’s average daily net assets, the Emerald Growth Fund pays the adviser an annual management fee of 0.75% based on the Emerald Growth Fund’s average daily net assets, the Emerald Insights Fund pays the Adviser an annual management fee of 0.75% based on the Emerald Insights Fund’s average daily net assets, and the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund pays the Adviser an annual management fee of 0.75% based on the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund’s average daily net assets. The management fee is paid on a monthly basis. The current term of the Advisory Agreement is one year. The Board may extend the Advisory Agreement for additional one-year terms. The Board, shareholders of the Funds, or the Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ notice. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the renewal of the Advisory Agreement with respect to the Funds was provided in the Funds’ annual report to shareholders for the period ended April 30, 2019. Fees are subject to the following breakpoints:

 

Emerald Banking and Finance Fund

1.00% up to and including $100,000,000

0.90% in excess of $100,000,000

Emerald Growth Fund

0.75% up to and including $250 million

0.65% over $250 million up to and including $500 million

0.55% over $500 million up to and including $750 million

0.45% over $750 million

Emerald Insights Fund

0.75% up to and including $250 million

0.65% over $250 million up to and including $500 million

0.55% over $500 million up to and including $750 million

0.45% over $750 million

Emerald Small Cap Value Fund

0.75% up to and including $250 million

0.65% over $250 million up to and including $500 million

0.55% over $500 million up to and including $750 million

0.45% over $750 million

54 

 

The table below shows the management fees paid by each Fund to the Adviser for the periods indicated:

 

 

For Fiscal Year

Ended April

30, 2019

For Fiscal Year

Ended April

30, 2018

For Fiscal Year

Ended April

30, 2017

Emerald Banking & Finance      
Gross Advisory Fees $4,458,419 $4,646,371 $3,316,622
Waiver of Advisory Fees $0 $0 $0
Reimbursement of other Expenses $0 $0 $0
Net Advisory Fees $4,458,419 $4,646,371 $3,316,622
       
Emerald Growth      
Gross Advisory Fees $7,401,263 $6,657,367 $5,901,025
Waiver of Advisory Fees $0 $0 $0
Reimbursement of other Expenses $0 $0 $0
Net Advisory Fees $7,401,263 $6,657,367 $5,901,025
       
Emerald Insights Fund      
Gross Advisory Fees $81,891 $83,116 $91,817
Waiver of Advisory Fees ($81,891) ($82,246) ($91,653)
Reimbursement of other Expenses ($8,686) $0 $0
Net Advisory Fees ($8,686) $870 $164
       
Emerald Small Cap Value      
Gross Advisory Fees $49,803 $59,393 $111,917
Waiver of Advisory Fees ($49,803) ($59,393) ($86,667)
Reimbursement of other Expenses ($50,646) ($35,562) $0
Net Advisory Fees ($50,646) ($35,562) $25,250

 

Emerald has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its fees and reimburse other expenses in amounts necessary to limit the Fund’s operating expenses (exclusive of Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expense) for each of its Funds. For the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund for Class A, Class C, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares to an annual rate (as percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets) of 1.84%, 2.49%, 1.54% and 1.89% respectively; for the Emerald Growth Fund for Class A, Class C, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares to an annual rate (as percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets) of 1.29%, 1.94%, 0.99% and 1.34% respectively; for the Emerald Insights Fund for Class A, Class C, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares to an annual rate (as percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets) of 1.35%, 2.00%, 1.05% and 1.40%, respectively; and for the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund for Class A, Class C, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares to an annual rate (as percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets) of 1.35%, 2.00%, 1.00% and 1.25%, respectively. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that the Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fees and expenses were deferred. The Adviser may not discontinue this waiver, prior to August 31, 2020, without the approval by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

55 

 

DISTRIBUTOR

 

Shares of each Fund are offered on a continuous basis through ALPS Distributors, Inc. (an affiliate of ALPS) (“ADI” or the “Distributor”), located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, as distributor pursuant to a distribution agreement between the Distributor and the Funds. The Distributor is not obligated to sell any specific amount of Fund shares.

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

The Funds, the Adviser, and the Distributor each have adopted a code of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics permit the personnel of these entities to invest in securities, including securities that the Funds may purchase or hold. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.

 

ADMINISTRATOR

 

Each Fund currently employs ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (an affiliate of ADI) (“ALPS” or the “Administrator”), located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, under an administration agreement to provide certain administrative services to the Funds. Information on the services provided by the Administrator is available in the Prospectus, which is incorporated by reference in this SAI.

 

 

For Fiscal Year

Ended April 30, 2019

For Fiscal Year

Ended April 30, 2018

For Fiscal Year

Ended April 30, 2017

Emerald Banking & Finance $195,529 $209,341 $161,403
Emerald Growth Fund $515,768 $465,218 $431,979
Emerald Insights Fund $13,904 $8,607 $9,378
Emerald Small Cap Value Fund $12,096 $8,591 $8,448

 

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

Although individual Board members may not agree with particular policies or votes by the Adviser, the Board has approved delegating proxy voting discretion to the Adviser believing that each Adviser should be responsible for voting because it is a matter relating to the investment decision making process.

56 

 

Attached as Appendix B are summaries of the guidelines and procedures that the Adviser uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities, including the procedures that the Adviser uses when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Adviser or any affiliated person of the Funds or the Adviser, on the other. This summary of the guidelines gives a general indication as to how the Adviser will vote proxies relating to portfolio securities on each issue listed. However, the guidelines do not address all potential voting issues or the intricacies that may surround individual proxy votes. For that reason, there may be instances in which votes may vary from the guidelines presented. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser always endeavors to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives. When applicable, information on how a Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent prior 12-month period ended June 30, will be available without charge, (i) upon request, by calling 1-855-828-9909 and (ii) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

 

To the best knowledge of the Trust, the names and addresses of the record and beneficial holders of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund and the percentage of the outstanding shares held by such holders are set forth below. To the best knowledge of the Trust, entities shown as owning more than 25% of the outstanding Shares of the Fund are not the beneficial owners of such Shares, unless otherwise indicated.

 

A shareholder who owns beneficially 25% or more of the outstanding securities of the Fund is presumed to “control” the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act. Such control may affect the voting rights of other shareholders. The following table provides the name and address of any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of each class of the Fund as of August 1, 2019:

 

Emerald Banking & Finance Fund    
Class Shareholder Name and Address Percentage of Interest Type of Ownership
Class A Shares

MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY LLC 

NEW YORK, NY  10004

8.68% Record
Class A Shares

CHARLES SCHWAB & CO, INC.   

SAN FRANCISCO, CA  94105

13.02% Record
Class A Shares

NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC

BOSTON, MA  02109

12.00% Record

57 

 

Class A Shares

WELLS FARGO ADVISORS, LLC 

SAINT LOUIS, MO  63103

10.00% Record
Class A Shares PERSHING LLC
JERSEY CITY, NJ  07399
20.52% Record
Class A Shares

LPL FINANCIAL LLC

SAN DIEGO, CA 92121

5.07% Record
Class A Share

UBS FINANCIAL, INC.

WEEHAWKEN, NJ 07086

6.81% Record
Class A Shares

MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH

JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246

6.38% Record
Class C Shares RAYMOND JAMES & ASSOCIATES, INC.
ST PETERSBURG, FL  33716
5.29% Record
Class C Shares WELLS FARGO ADVISORS, LLC
SAINT LOUIS, MO  63103
48.75% Record
Class C Shares MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY LLC
NEW YORK, NY  10004
9.79% Record
Class C Shares CHARLES SCHWAB & CO, INC.
SAN FRANCISCO, CA  94105
6.07% Record
Class C Shares MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMI
JACKSONVILLE, FL  32246
7.20% Record
Class C Shares PERSHING LLC
JERSEY CITY, NJ  07399
9.26% Record

58 

 

Institutional Class Shares WELLS FARGO ADVISORS, LLC
SAINT LOUIS, MO  63103
31.85% Record
Institutional Class Shares PERSHING LLC
JERSEY CITY, NJ  07399
6.26% Record
Institutional Class Shares CHARLES SCHWAB & CO, INC.
SAN FRANCISCO, CA  94105
8.46% Record
Institutional Class Shares MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMI
JACKSONVILLE, FL  32246
33.83% Record
Investor Shares NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
BOSTON, MA  02109
83.94% Record

 

Emerald Growth Fund    
Class Shareholder Name and Address Percentage of Interest Type of Ownership
Class A Shares NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
BOSTON, MA  02109
24.86% Record
Class A Shares CHARLES SCHWAB & CO, INC.
SAN FRANCISCO, CA  94105
18.12% Record
Class A Shares PERSHING LLC
1 PERSHING PLZ
JERSEY CITY, NJ
8.12% Record
Class A Shares GWFS EQUITIES, INC.
GREENWOOD VILLAGE, CO 80111
5.78% Record
Class A Shares WELLS FARGO ADVISORS, LLC
SAINT LOUIS, MO  63103
5.17% Record

59 

 

Class C Shares WELLS FARGO ADVISORS, LLC
SAINT LOUIS, MO  63103
37.93% Record
Class C Shares RBC CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC
MINNEAPOLIS, MN  55402
7.97% Record
Class C Shares MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMI
JACKSONVILLE, FL  32246
8.18% Record
Class C Shares MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY LLC
NEW YORK, NY  10004
17.87% Record
Class C Shares UBS FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
WEEHAWKEN, NJ  07086
7.01% Record
Institutional Class Shares VANGUARD FIDUCIARY TRUST COMPANY
WAYNE, PA  19087
17.20% Record
Institutional Class Shares LINCOLN FINANCIAL ADVISORS CORP
FORT WAYNE, IN 46802
5.52% Record
Institutional Class Shares CHARLES SCHWAB & CO, INC.
SAN FRANCISCO, CA  94105
7.43% Record
Institutional Class Shares NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
BOSTON, MA  02109
29.40% Record
Institutional Class Shares MSCS FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
DENVER, CO  80202
5.51% Record
Institutional Class Shares MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMI
JACKSONVILLE, FL  32246
5.83% Record
Institutional Class Shares GWFS EQUITIES, INC.
GREENWOOD VILLAGE, CO 80111
5.40% Record

60 

 

Investor Shares NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
BOSTON, MA  02109
26.78%  Record
Investor Shares MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMI
JACKSONVILLE, FL  32246
62.07% Record

 

Emerald Insights Fund      
Class Shareholder Name and Address Percentage of Interest Type of Ownership
Class A Shares PERSHING LLC
JERSEY CITY, NJ  07399
95.81% Record
Class C Shares NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
BOSTON, MA  02109
16.84% Record
Class C Shares RBC CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC
MINNEAPOLIS, MN  55402
79.71% Record
Institutional Class Shares PERSHING LLC
JERSEY CITY, NJ  07399
18.96% Record
Institutional Class Shares GWFS EQUITIES, INC.
GREENWOOD VILLAGE, CO  80111
46.50% Record
Institutional Class Shares CHARLES SCHWAB & CO, INC.
SAN FRANCISCO, CA  94105
23.72% Record
Institutional Class Shares D. VOLPE
LAFAYETTE HL, PA 19444
5.28% Beneficial
Investor Shares R. BOLINGER
LITITZ, PA 17543
5.97% Beneficial

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Investor Shares J. BODEM
CENTRALIA, IL 62801
6.42% Beneficial
Investor Shares C. ZABELNY & W. JABELNY JTWROS
LAS VEGAS, NV 89130
18.30% Beneficial
Investor Shares

J. GARNER &
E. GARNER JT TEN
MARIETTA PA 17547-1320

61.44% Beneficial
Investor Shares

NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
BOSTON, MA 02109

7.87% Record

 

Emerald Small Cap Fund      
Class Shareholder Name and Address Percentage of Interest Type of Ownership
Class A Shares PERSHING LLC
JERSEY CITY, NJ  07399
76.32% Record
Class A Shares RBC CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC
MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55402
21.21% Record
Class C Shares PERSHING LLC
JERSEY CITY, NJ  07399
57.71% Record
Class C Shares NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
BOSTON, MA  02109
28.94% Record
Class C Shares

CADARET GRANT & CO., INC.
SYRACUSE, NY 13202

7.27% Record
Class C Shares

TD AMERITRADE, INC.
OMAHA, NE 68154

6.09% Record

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Institutional Class Shares NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
BOSTON, MA  02109
43.99% Record
Institutional Class Shares RBC CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC
MINNEAPOLIS, MN  55402
24.12% Record
Institutional Class Shares GWFS EQUITIES, INC
8525 E ORCHARD RD, STE 2T2 
GREENWOOD VILLAGE, CO 80111
23.19% Record
Institutional Class Shares

COLORADO STATE BANK & TRUST CO CUST O. ELAIN IRA ROLLOVER
SARASOTA, FL, 34233

6.98% Record
Investor Shares NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
BOSTON, MA  02109
37.18% Record
Investor Shares Y. REHR & S. REHR
WERNERSVILLE, PA 19565
5.67% Beneficial
Investor Shares M. KRAHE IRA
CHAGRIN FALLS, OH 44023
24.84% Beneficial
Investor Shares O. ELAN TOD
SARASOTA, FL 34233
12.71% Beneficial

 

The Trustees and Officers of the Trust as a group owned less than 1% of any Fund’s shares.

 

EXPENSES

 

The Funds’ expenses include taxes, interest, fees and salaries of such Fund’s Trustees and officers who are not trustees, officers or employees of the Fund’s service contractors, SEC fees, state securities qualification fees, costs of preparing and printing prospectuses for regulatory purposes and for distribution to existing shareholders, advisory and administration fees, charges of the custodian and of the transfer and dividend disbursing agent, certain insurance premiums, outside auditing and legal expenses, costs of shareholder reports and shareholder meetings and any extraordinary expenses. Each Fund also pays for brokerage fees and commissions (if any) in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities.

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PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

The following sections set forth certain additional information with respect to the portfolio managers for the Funds. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of April 30, 2019.

 

Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Managers

 

The table below identifies as of April 30, 2019, for the portfolio manager of each Fund, the number of accounts (other than the Funds with respect to which information is provided) for which he or she has day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts.

 

Portfolio Manager Registered Investment
Companies
Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles
Other Accounts
Number Total Assets (in millions) Number Total Assets (in millions) Number Total Assets (in millions)
Emerald Banking and Finance Fund            
Kenneth G. Mertz II, CFA® 2 $878 1 $14 36 $2,442

Steven E. Russell, Esq.

0 $0 2 $32 2 $2
             
Emerald Growth Fund            
Kenneth G. Mertz II, CFA® 2 $878 0 $0 36 $2,442
Stacey L. Sears 2 $878 0 $0 35 $2,440
Joseph W. Garner 2 $878 0 $0 35 $2,440
             
Emerald Insights Fund            
David A. Volpe, CFA® 0 $0 0 $0 8 $116
Stephen L. Amsterdam 0 $0 0 $0 8 $116
Joseph Hovorka 0 $0 0 $0 8 $116
             
Emerald Small Cap Value Fund            
Ori Elan 0 $0 0 $0 2 $2
Steven E. Russell, Esq. 0 $0 2 $32 2 $2

 

Portfolio Manager Compensation

 

Emerald’s portfolio manager compensation is structured to align the interests of portfolio managers with those of the shareholders whose assets they manage. It includes the components described below, each of which is determined with reference to a number of factors such as overall performance, market competition, and internal equity. Compensation is not directly tied to the value of assets held in client portfolios.

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Base Salary: Portfolio managers receive base pay in the form of a fixed annual salary.

 

Bonus: A significant portion of portfolio manager compensation takes the form of a quarterly incentive bonus tied to performance based on quarterly performance reviews and the manager’s relative performance against the Russell 2000 Growth Index (with respect to the Emerald Growth Fund), Russell 2000 Financial Services TR Index (with respect to the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund), Russell Mid-Cap Growth Index (with respect to the Emerald Insights Fund) and Russell 2000 Value® Index (with respect to the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund) for rolling quarter, year, and five year periods. Bonus payments are determined by a combination of factors, including pre-tax investment performance calculated as the average of all investment mandates for which the portfolio manager has responsibility compared against such mandates’ respective benchmarks, non-qualitative items relating to the portfolio manager’s fulfillment of his or her obligations and duties to each investment mandate as determined by senior management, and control of expenses by the portfolio manager taking into account income and gains of the investment mandates for which the portfolio manager has responsibility. Finally, the overall performance of Emerald Asset Management PA, LLC, the parent company of Emerald, is considered in determining any portfolio manager bonus. Additionally, Emerald employees are eligible to participate in a company-wide discretionary bonus pool that is awarded by the compensation committee (which is comprised of members of Emerald’s parent company board of directors). The amount of the bonus pool is calculated based on the parent company’s profitability. Also, portfolio managers are eligible to receive equity grant awards that include the payment of annual distributions. These are non-voting shares of Emerald’s parent company and vest equally over five years beginning October 1, 2018.

 

Deferred Compensation Plans: Portfolio managers are eligible to participate in Emerald 401(k) plan. All vested Emerald employees participate in Emerald’s parent company ESOP retirement plan. The ESOP owns 100% of the outstanding shares of Emerald’s parent company as of April 30, 2019, which in turn owns 100% of the outstanding shares of Emerald.

 

Conflicts of Interest with Other Accounts. Certain conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the management of multiple portfolios. Potential conflicts include, for example, conflicts among investment strategies and conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities. Emerald has adopted the following policies regarding the allocation and aggregation of securities transactions among client accounts:

 

Aggregation Policy: Aggregations of trades can produce meaningful cost savings to clients. Emerald’s policy is constructed to meet the requirements of the SEC. Specifically, Emerald’s policy is designed to address these issues:

 

1. Duty of Disclosure: Emerald will disclose fully to its clients the arrangements for aggregation of securities transactions.

 

2. Duty to Act Only in the Clients’ Best Interests: The aggregation of client transactions will be done only after client consent, consistent with each such client’s best interests.

 

3. Duty to Treat Each Client Fairly: Securities transactions will be done on a pro rata basis at the average share price, consistent with the specific conditions discussed below.

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4. Duty to Seek Best Execution: Emerald recognizes its duty to aggregate and allocate securities transactions in a manner that ensures best execution. This is discussed more fully below.

 

Aggregation Procedures: Emerald will endeavor to bunch trades for clients in order to effect best execution at the lowest cost (commissions and spread) and to avoid disparities in execution prices for accounts that are managed similarly. The following bunching and trade aggregation procedures are designed to treat all client accounts equally. All client accounts with like mandates will participate in bunched trades, average pricing and pro rata execution. Emerald will allocate trades internally prior to any bunched trades based on the requirements of the various groups of accounts as determined by the firm’s portfolio managers (see “Block Trading” below).

 

Emerald manages certain accounts pursuant to differing client mandates. With respect to certain accounts, Emerald has full discretion with respect to investments and execution of portfolio transactions. For certain client accounts, specific brokerage firms have been designated, which prevents bunching trades with other accounts. These accounts would also prevent new or secondary issuance of stocks being equally divided across these types of accounts. Certain accounts may have directed investment policies and/or restrictions. These accounts may have different investment objectives and strategies, and therefore might invest in different individual stocks from other types of accounts and may have different sector allocation percentages, which would affect how Emerald allocates aggregated trades for such accounts. Certain funds with daily cash flow differences (usually mutual funds) would have different trading activity dictated by internal cash flows (or withdrawals), the timing and tax consequences of which require that trades be made in different percentages for each share.

 

Because of these differences in policies and strategies of the various accounts Emerald manages, Emerald’s portfolio managers will aggregate the number of shares determined to be desired for each account type and maintain a dated and time-stamped record of this pre-trade allocation. Each account will then average price pro-rata to the shares actually executed. If a client uses a particular directed broker-dealer, Emerald will execute these trades separately, which trades may be executed at prices different than the bunched trades due to number of share differences, use of DOT system, movement and volatility of stock trading, or other relevant factors. While these differences may be noticeable on a trade-by-trade basis, they should balance out over time.

 

The intention of this policy is that Emerald must make a trade allocation before the results of the actual trade have been determined. This policy will assure that the allocation cannot be affected by the results of the trade.

 

Block Trading: Emerald also has established Block Trading Procedures to ensure that no advisory or sub-advisory client account or group of client accounts, neither public nor private, nor corporate nor individual, will receive preferential trading execution pursuant to federal and state regulations.

 

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Ownership of Securities

 

The table below identifies ownership of Fund securities by each Portfolio Manager as of April 30, 2019:

 

Portfolio Manager(s) Dollar Range of Ownership of Securities
Emerald Banking and Finance Fund  
Kenneth G. Mertz II, CFA® $100,001 - $500,000
Steven E. Russell, Esq. $50,001 – $100,000
Emerald Growth Fund  
Kenneth G. Mertz II, CFA® $500,000 - $1,000,000
Stacey L. Sears $500,000 - $1,000,000
Joseph W. Garner Over $1,000,000
Emerald Insights Fund  
David A. Volpe, CFA® $100,001 - $500,000
Stephen L. Amsterdam $50,001 - $100,000
Joseph Hovorka $0
Emerald Small Cap Value Fund  
Ori Elan $100,001-$500,000
Steven E. Russell, Esq* $0

 

NET ASSET VALUE

 

The following is a description of the procedures used by the Funds in valuing its assets. Because of the differences in service and distribution fees and class-specific expenses, the per share net asset value of each class may differ. For the purpose of pricing purchase and redemption orders, the net asset value per share of each class of each Fund is calculated separately and is determined once daily as of the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE (normally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). The Fund’s net asset value is calculated on each day that the NYSE is open for trading, i.e., Monday through Friday, except for New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day, and the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when one of those holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively.

 

In calculating net asset value, equity securities listed or traded on national securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price or, if there have been no sales on that day, at the mean of the current bid and ask price which represents the current value of the security. Over-the-counter securities are valued at the mean of the current bid and ask price.

 

Portfolio securities listed on the NASDAQ National Market System for which market quotations are available are valued at the official closing price. If there is no official closing price, the securities are valued at the last sale price or, if there have been no sales that day, at the mean of the current bid and ask price which represents the current value of the security.

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Securities that are primarily traded on foreign exchanges generally are valued at the preceding closing values of such securities on their respective exchanges, except that when an occurrence subsequent to the time a value was so established is likely to have changed such value, then the fair value of those securities will be determined by consideration of other factors by or under the direction of the Fund’s Board or its delegates. In valuing assets, prices denominated in foreign currencies are converted to U.S. dollar equivalents at the current exchange rate. Securities may be valued by independent pricing services which use prices provided by market-makers or estimates of market values obtained from yield data relating to instruments or securities with similar characteristics. In certain circumstances, bid and ask prices may be obtained from (i) a broker/dealer specified and deemed reliable by the Adviser, (ii) pink sheets, yellow sheets or the blue list, or (iii) a pricing agent that obtains quotations from broker/dealers or evaluates the value of the respective bid and ask prices. All other securities and other assets of the Funds will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board.

 

FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

 

This section provides additional information concerning U.S. federal income taxes. It is based on the Code, applicable Treasury Regulations, judicial authority, and administrative rulings and practice, all as of the date of this SAI, and all of which are subject to change, including changes with retroactive effect. The following does not address any state, local or foreign or estate or gift tax matters.

 

A shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax consequences from acquiring, holding and disposing of shares in a Fund may vary depending upon his or her particular situation. This discussion only applies to shareholders who are U.S. persons, except where otherwise stated. For purposes of this discussion, U.S. persons are: (i) U.S. citizens or residents, (ii) U.S. corporations, (iii) an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or certain electing trusts that were in existence on August 20, 1996, and were treated as domestic trusts on August 19, 1996. This discussion does not address issues of significance to U.S. persons in special situations such as: (i) certain types of tax-exempt organizations, (ii) shareholders holding shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plan accounts or individual retirement accounts), (iii) shareholders holding investments through foreign institutions (financial and non-financial), (iv) financial institutions, (v) broker-dealers, (vi) entities not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, (vii) shareholders holding shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction, and (viii) shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax.

 

If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships that are considering the purchase of shares should consult their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares.

 

The Funds have not requested and will not request an advance ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) as to the U.S. federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. In addition, the foregoing discussion only addresses some of the U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting investments in the Funds. Prospective shareholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisers as to the particular U.S. federal tax consequences to them of an investment in the Funds, as well as the applicability and effect of any state, local or foreign laws, and the effect of possible changes in applicable tax laws.

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General Policies

 

In general, it is each Fund’s policy to distribute to its shareholders as “ordinary income dividends” substantially all of its net investment income and short-term capital gains. It is also each Fund’s policy to distribute annually all of its net realized long-term capital gains, if any, after offsetting any capital loss carryovers as “capital gains dividends.”

 

Ordinary income dividends and capital gain distributions are payable in full and fractional shares of the relevant class of the Funds based upon the net asset value determined as of the close of the Exchange on the record date for each dividend or distribution. Shareholders, however, may elect to receive their ordinary income dividends or capital gain distributions, or both, in cash. The election may be made at any time by submitting a written request directly to the applicable Fund. In order for a change to be in effect for any dividend or distribution, it must be received by such Fund on or before the record date for such dividend or distribution.

 

If you elect to receive your dividends in cash and the dividend checks sent to you are returned “undeliverable” to the applicable Fund or remain uncashed for six months, your cash election will automatically be changed and your future dividends will be reinvested. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed dividend or redemption checks.

 

As required by federal law, detailed U.S. federal tax information will be furnished to each shareholder for each calendar year.

 

Taxation of the Funds

 

Each Fund intends to elect to be treated and qualify each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. Each Fund also intends to be treated as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes. Thus, the provisions of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies generally will apply separately to each Fund even though it is a series of the Trust. Furthermore, each Fund will separately determine its income, gain, losses and expenses for federal income tax purposes.

 

In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, a Fund must, among other things: (i) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships;” (ii) diversify its holdings so that at the end of each fiscal quarter, (a) at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities limited generally, with respect to any one issuer, to no more than 5% of the value of such Fund’s total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of such Fund’s total assets is invested in (1) the securities (other than those of the U.S. government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, (2) the securities (other than the securities of other regulated investment companies) of two or more issuers which such Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or (3) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships and (iii) distribute with respect to each taxable year an amount equal to or exceeding the sum of (a) 90% of its “investment company taxable income,” as that term is defined in the Code (which generally includes, among other things, dividends, taxable interest, and the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, as reduced by certain deductible expenses) without regard to the deduction for dividends paid, and (b) 90% of its tax-exempt interest income, net of expenses allocable thereto. For purposes of meeting the diversification requirement described in (ii) above, in the case of a Fund’s investment in loan participations, the issuer may be the financial intermediary or the borrower. The requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company may significantly limit the extent to which each Fund may invest in some investments.

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With respect to (i) above, the IRS may limit qualifying income from foreign currency gains and from certain derivatives to the amount of such income that is directly related to a regulated investment company’s principal business of investing in stock or securities pursuant to regulations that may be promulgated in the future. For purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in (i) above, income derived from a partnership will generally be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized by the regulated investment company. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (defined as a partnership (x) interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in (i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive activity loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. Finally, for purposes of (ii)(a) above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership.

 

To the extent that it qualifies for treatment as a regulated investment company, a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income distributed to its shareholders in a timely manner in the form of dividends (including capital gain dividends, defined below). In certain situations, a Fund can cure failures to meet the income and diversification tests described above, including, in some cases, by paying a Fund-level tax and, in the case of diversification failures, disposing of certain assets. If a Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year – for example, because it was not sufficiently diversified under the applicable Code tests – such Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. To qualify again to be taxed as a regulated investment company that is accorded special treatment in a subsequent year, such a Fund could be required to pay substantial taxes, penalties and interest and make substantial distributions. In addition, if a Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company for a period greater than two taxable years, such a Fund may be required to recognize and pay tax on any net built-in gain (the excess of aggregate gain, including items of income, over aggregate loss that would have been realized if the effected Fund had been liquidated) or, alternatively, to be subject to taxation on such built-in gain recognized for a period of five years, in order to qualify as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year.

 

As a regulated investment company, each Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its net capital gains (that, is any net long-term capital gains in excess of net short-term capital losses) properly reported by a Fund in a written statement to shareholders as capital gain dividends (“capital gain dividends”) and its investment company taxable income if any, that a Fund distributes to shareholders on a timely basis. Each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its investment company taxable income and to distribute all of its net capital gains in a taxable year, after offsetting any taxable loss carryforwards. If a Fund does retain any investment company taxable income, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. However, a Fund may elect to have certain dividends paid after the close of a tax year treated as having been paid during the tax year for purposes of the regulated investment company distribution requirements and for purposes of determining its taxable income (“spill-over dividends”). Spill-over dividends are taxed to shareholders in the year in which they are received.

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Under current law, a Fund is permitted to treat on its tax return as dividends paid the portion of redemption proceeds paid to redeeming shareholders that represents the redeeming shareholders’ portion of the Fund’s accumulated earnings and profits. This practice, called tax “equalization,” would reduce the amount of income and/or gains that a Fund is required to distribute as dividends to non-redeeming shareholders.  This practice is not available for a Fund that is treated as a “personal holding company” for federal income tax purposes. The total return on a shareholder’s investment would generally not be reduced as a result of a Fund’s use of this practice. If the IRS were to determine that a Fund’s equalization method is improper and that the Fund has under-distributed its income and gain for any taxable year, the Fund may be liable for federal income and/or excise tax.

 

If a Fund retains any net capital gain, it will also be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by such a Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and (iii) will be entitled to obtain a refund of the excess, if any, of their allocable share of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount over the shareholder’s tax liability on such amount. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of such a Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence.

 

Generally, the excess (if any) of a Fund’s net short-term capital loss over the net long-term capital gain for a taxable year will carry over as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the next tax year. In addition, the excess (if any) of a Fund’s net long-term capital loss over the net short-term capital gain for the year will carry over as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the next tax year. Capital losses may be carried forward indefinitely until they can be used to offset capital gains. If future capital gains are offset by carried-forward capital losses, such future capital gains are not subject to Fund-level federal income tax, regardless of whether they are distributed to shareholders. However, future capital gains offset by carried-forward capital losses are generally subject to taxation as ordinary dividends to shareholders if distributed. Accordingly, the Funds do not expect to distribute any capital gains offset by carried-forward capital losses. The Funds cannot carry back or carry forward any net operating losses.

 

The following table lists the Funds and amounts of capital loss carry forwards as of April 30, 2019:

 

Fund Capital Losses
Emerald Banking and Finance Fund $8,733,399
Emerald Small Cap Value Fund $386,369
Emerald Insights Fund $228,049

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A regulated investment company may elect to treat any post-October capital loss (defined as the net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss, as applicable, in each case attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31) and late-year ordinary loss (generally, (i) net ordinary losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31, plus (ii) other net ordinary losses attributable to the portion of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.

 

If a Fund fails to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its net capital gain income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year, plus any retained amount for the prior year, such a Fund will be subject to a non-deductible excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property that would be properly taken into account after October 31 are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. For purposes of the excise tax, a Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending within the calendar year. A dividend paid to shareholders in January of a year generally is deemed to have been paid on December 31 of the preceding year, if the dividend is declared and payable to the shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year.

 

Each Fund intends to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the excise tax, although there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so. Moreover, each Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant (for example, the amount of excise tax to be paid is deemed de minimis by the Fund).

 

Taxation of Fund Distributions

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment company taxable income are generally taxable as ordinary income to the extent of a Fund’s current or accumulated “earnings and profits.” Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long a Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares. Distributions of net capital gains from the sale of investments that a Fund owned for more than one year and that are properly designated by such Fund as capital gain dividends (i.e., “capital gain dividends”) will be taxable to Fund shareholders as long-term capital gains. Generally, distributions of gains from the sale of investments that a Fund owned for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income.

 

A Fund may designate certain dividends as derived from “qualified dividend income,” which, when received by an individual or other non-corporate shareholder, will be taxed at maximum federal income tax rates applicable to long-term capital gain, which (for this purpose) is 20% (in addition to the surtax described in “Surtax on Net Investment Income” below). Dividend income distributed to individual or other non-corporate shareholders will qualify as “qualified dividend income” as that term is defined in section 1(h)(11)(B) of the Code to the extent such distributions are attributable to income from the applicable Fund’s investments in common and preferred stock of U.S. companies and stock of certain qualified foreign corporations provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met by both such Fund and its shareholders. No Fund expects a significant portion of distributions to be derived from qualified dividend income.

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Distributions of earnings and gains are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund before a shareholder invested in that Fund (and thus were included in the price the shareholder paid), and are taxable whether shareholders receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares (other than distributions, if any, designated by the Fund as “exempt-interest dividends,” a designation which the Funds generally do not expect to make). Any gain resulting from the sale or exchange of Fund shares generally will be taxable as capital gains. Distributions declared and payable by a Fund during October, November or December to shareholders of record on a date in any such month and paid by the Funds during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as paid by the Funds and received by shareholders on December 31st of the year in which declared rather than the calendar year in which they were received.

 

The maximum long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals is generally 20%. Capital gains are also subject to the 3.8% surtax on net investment income. See “Surtax on Net Investment Income,” below.

 

Dividends received by corporate shareholders that are reported by a Fund in a written statement furnished to shareholders may qualify for the 50% dividends received deduction to the extent of the amount of qualifying dividends received by a Fund from domestic corporations and to the extent (if any) that a portion of interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund are treated as dividends subject (in either case) to certain holding period requirements and debt-financing limitations.

 

If a Fund makes a distribution in excess of its current and accumulated “earnings and profits” in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder’s basis in his or her shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of such shares.

 

Sale or Redemption of Shares

 

The sale or redemption of Fund shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to the shares. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitation.

 

All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed if other substantially identical shares of such Fund are purchased within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

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Special Tax Considerations

 

Passive Foreign Investment Companies

 

The Funds do not expect to have significant investments in foreign investment entities referred to as “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”). In order to avoid U.S. federal income tax and an additional interest charge on any “excess distribution” from PFICs or gain from the disposition of PFIC shares, a Fund may elect to “mark-to-market” annually its investments in such entities, which would result in the Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased all the PFIC stock at the end of each year. As a result of the mark-to-market election, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. By making the mark-to-market election, a Fund could potentially mitigate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. A Fund may have to distribute this “phantom” income and gain to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the excise tax described above. Alternatively, a Fund may elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (a “QEF election”), in which case the Fund would be required to include its share of the company’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives distributions from the PFIC. As with the mark-to-market election, these amounts would be taken into account by the Fund for purposes of satisfying the distribution requirement and the excise tax distribution requirement. Under Treasury Regulations issued in 2019, earnings included in income under a QEF election would be qualifying dividend income for a regulated investment company if such earnings are distributed in the taxable year in which they are earned. The Treasury Regulations also provide that if an amount is included in gross income of a regulated investment company pursuant to a QEF election and is derived with respect to the regulated investment company’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, then such amount will be qualifying income for the regulated investment company, whether or not currently distributed. In order to make a QEF election, a Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain. Dividends paid by PFICs or foreign corporations that were PFICs in the year preceding the payment of the dividend will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.

 

Non-U.S. Taxes

 

A Fund that invests in non-U.S. securities may be liable to non-U.S. governments for taxes relating primarily to investment income or capital gains on non-U.S. securities in the Fund’s portfolio. If, at the close of its taxable year, more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s total assets consist of securities of foreign corporations (including foreign governments), the Fund may make an election under the Code that would allow Fund shareholders who are U.S. persons or U.S. corporations to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their U.S. income tax return for their pro rata portion of qualified taxes paid by that Fund to non-U.S. countries in respect of non-U.S. securities held at least a minimum period as specified in the Code. If a Fund were eligible for and were to make the election, the amount of each shareholder’s taxable income reported on the information returns filed by such Fund with the IRS must be increased by the amount of the shareholder’s portion of the Fund’s foreign tax paid. A shareholder’s ability to claim all or a part of a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by the Fund may be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code.

 

If a Fund were to qualify as a “qualified fund of funds,” the Fund could be entitled to elect to pass-through its foreign tax credits without regard to the above-described 50% requirement. For this purpose, the term “qualified funds of funds” means a regulated investment company if (at the close of each quarter of the taxable year) at least 50% of the value of its total assets is represented by interests in other regulated investment companies. The Funds make no assurances as to either the availability of any election discussed in this section or their willingness to make any such election.

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Non-U.S. Currency Transactions

 

Transactions in non-U.S. currencies, non-U.S. currency denominated debt obligations and certain non-U.S. currency options, future contracts, and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the non-U.S. currency concerned and may increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxes payable by shareholders of a Fund. Certain of such Fund’s transactions, if any, in foreign currencies and foreign currency denominated instruments are likely to result in a difference between the Fund’s book income and taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of such Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital or capital gain for tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to avoid excise tax liability and to qualify as a regulated investment company, which may have the effect of accelerating taxable distributions to shareholders of the Fund.

 

Financial Products

 

Each Fund’s investments in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts, swaps and certain other transactions will be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale, short sale and other rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income recognized by such Fund, defer such Fund’s losses, cause adjustments in the holding periods of such Fund’s securities, convert capital gain into ordinary income and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to Fund shareholders. 

 

Some of a Fund’s investments, such as certain option transactions as well as futures transactions in foreign currency contracts that are traded in the interbank market, may be “section 1256 contracts.” Gains and losses on section 1256 contracts are generally treated as 60% long-term capital and 40% short-term capital, although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as entirely ordinary in character. Section 1256 contracts held by a Fund at the end of a taxable year are “marked to market” for income tax purposes, meaning that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized (and treated on the 60/40 basis described above).

 

Certain positions undertaken by a Fund may constitute “straddles” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character of gains or losses realized by such Fund. Losses realized by a Fund that are part of a straddle may be deferred beyond the point in time that they are realized. The straddle rules, if applicable, could increase the amount of short-term capital gain realized by a Fund, which is taxed as ordinary income when distributed to shareholders. Certain tax elections that a Fund may make with respect to straddles could affect the character and timing of recognition of gains and losses.

 

Rules governing the tax aspects of notional principal contracts in which a Fund may invest are not clear in various respects. As a result, the IRS could challenge a Fund’s methods of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes for such contracts, and such a challenge could affect the status of such Fund as a regulated investment company.

 

A Fund may make short sales of securities. Short sales may increase the amount of short-term capital gains realized by a Fund, which is taxed as ordinary income to the shareholders when distributed. Short sales may also constitute “constructive sales” in certain circumstances, which would result in taxable income before the short-sale positions are terminated.

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Certain of a Fund’s hedging activities including its transactions in options, futures contracts and foreign currencies, are likely to result in a difference between such Fund’s book income and taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of a Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital or capital gain for tax purposes or require such Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to avoid excise tax liability and to qualify as a regulated investment company, which may have the effect of accelerating taxable distributions to shareholders.

 

Securities Issued or Purchased at a Discount

 

A Fund’s investment in debt obligations issued at a discount and certain other obligations will (and investments in debt obligations purchased at a discount may) require that Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. In addition, payment-in-kind debt obligations will give rise to income which is required to be distributed even though such Fund does not receive an interest payment in cash on the security during the year. In order to generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, an affected Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise would have continued to hold. An affected Fund may realize gains or losses from such sales. In the event such Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they would in the absence of such transactions. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain is attributable to the “accrued market discount” on such debt security. Market discount generally accrues in equal daily installments. A Fund may make certain elections applicable to debt obligations having market discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.

 

For financial accounting purposes, depending upon the type of instrument involved and its credit quality, both original issue discount and market discount may be recognized over the expected or contractual life of the instrument.  Tax legislation enacted in 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”) requires accrual-method taxpayers to recognize items of gross income for tax purposes no later than the year in which the taxpayer recognizes the income for financial accounting purposes. The IRS has said that it will not apply this provision to require the recognition of accrued market discount. However, it is possible that regulations issued under the 2017 Tax Act will require the acceleration of recognition of original issue discount by a Fund for federal income tax purposes for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018.

 

High-Risk Securities

 

Each Fund may invest in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for a Fund. The application of the U.S. federal income tax rules with respect to these types of investments is complicated and will depend upon the application of the law to facts that may be unclear, which may result in uncertainty about the U.S. federal income tax treatment of these investments (e.g., such as when a Fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts, or worthless securities and how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income). These and other related issues will be addressed by a Fund if it invests in such securities in order to seek to ensure that such Fund distributes sufficient income to avoid becoming subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts

 

A Fund’s investments in REITS, its REIT equity securities, if any, may result in such Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings. If a Fund receives such distributions all or a portion of these distributions will constitute a return of capital to such Fund. Receiving a return of capital distribution from a REIT will reduce the amount of income available to be distributed to Fund shareholders. Income from REIT securities generally will not be eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income.

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Under Code Section 199A, introduced by the 2017 Tax Act, a deduction of up to 20% is available for taxpayers other than corporations for qualified business income from certain pass-through businesses, including “qualified REIT dividends” from REITs (i.e., ordinary REIT dividends other than capital gains dividends and REIT dividends designated as qualified dividend income). Under proposed regulations—on which taxpayers may rely pending the issuance of final regulations—a regulated investment company may pay and report “section 199A dividends” to its shareholders with respect its qualified REIT dividends.  Under these proposed regulations, the amount of section 199A dividends that the Fund may pay and report to its shareholders is limited to the excess of the “qualified REIT dividends” that the Fund receives from REITs for a taxable year over the Fund’s expenses allocable to such dividends.  A shareholder may treat section 199A dividends received on a share of the Fund as “qualified REIT dividends” if the shareholder has held the share for more than 45 days during the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the date on which the share becomes ex-dividend, but only to the extent that the shareholder is not under an obligation (under a short-sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property.  A shareholder may include 20% of the shareholder's "qualified REIT dividends" in the computation of the shareholder’s  “combined qualified business income amount” under Code Section 199A. Code Section 199A allows a taxpayer (other than a corporation) a deduction for a taxable year equal to the lesser of (A) the taxpayer’s “combined qualified business income amount” or (B) 20% of the excess of the taxpayer’s taxable income over the taxpayer’s net capital gain for the year.

 

Tax-Exempt Shareholders

 

Under current law, each Fund serves to “block” (that is, prevent the attribution to shareholders of) unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in a Fund. For example, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Fund if either: (1) the applicable Fund invests in REITs that hold residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”) or taxable mortgage pools (“TMPs”), in which event any related UBTI may not be offset by net operating losses; or (2) shares in the applicable Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of section 514(b) of the Code. If a charitable remainder trust (as defined in section 664 of the Code) realizes any UBTI for a taxable year, it will be subject to an excise tax in the amount of such income. A Fund may invest in REITs that hold residual interests in REMICs or TMPs.

 

Backup Withholding

 

Each Fund generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any non-corporate shareholder who fails to properly furnish such Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number (“TIN”), who has under-reported dividend or interest income, and to any shareholder that fails to certify to such Fund that it is not subject to such withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is currently 24% for tax years beginning before January 1, 2026.

 

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a shareholder generally may be refunded or credited against the shareholder’s federal income tax liability, if any, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the Internal Revenue Service. A shareholder who has not been notified by the IRS that the shareholder has failed to report interest or dividends may normally avoid backup withholding by furnishing a properly completed IRS Form W-9. If a shareholder fails to furnish a valid TIN upon request, the shareholder can be subject to IRS penalties.

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Cost Basis Reporting

 

A fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to fund shareholders the cost basis information for fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012 (“covered shares”), and redeemed, exchanged or otherwise on or after that date. A Fund will also be required to report the cost basis information for covered shares and indicate whether these shares had a short-term or long-term holding period. In the absence of an election by a shareholder to elect from certain cost basis methods which have been accepted by the IRS, a Fund will use its default cost basis method. The cost basis method elected or applied may not be changed after the settlement date of a sale of Fund shares. Once a Fund shareholder has elected a cost basis reporting method, the election will apply to all future transactions in covered shares unless the shareholder revokes or changes the standing election. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers concerning the most desirable IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the new cost basis reporting law applies to them. Each Fund is required to report the gross proceeds from the sale of all Fund shares (whether or not they are “covered shares”).

 

Surtax on Net Investment Income

 

A surtax of 3.8% applies to the “net investment income” of an individual taxpayer and on the undistributed net investment income of certain estates and trusts, to the extent that such taxpayer’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a certain amount. Net investment income includes  interest, dividends, royalties, rents, gross income from a trade or business involving passive activities, and net gain from disposition of property (other than property held in a non-passive trade or business). Ordinary income and capital gain distributions received by a Fund shareholder from a Fund, as well as the shareholder’s net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares, will be included in the shareholder’s net investment income. Net investment income is reduced by deductions properly allocable to such income.

 

Foreign Accounts

 

Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (or “FATCA”), foreign financial institutions as defined by FATCA (“FFIs”) or non-financial foreign entities as defined by FATCA (“NFFEs”) that are shareholders of a Fund may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on: (1) income dividends paid by a Fund, and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of a sale of Fund shares. The FATCA withholding tax generally may be avoided: (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by U.S. persons with the FFI, and (b) by an NFFE, if it: (i) certifies that is has no substantial U.S. persons as owners or (ii) if it does have such owners, reporting information relating to them to the withholding agent (which may be a Fund). The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements (each, an “IGA”) with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with other foreign countries with respect to one or more alternative approaches to implement FATCA. An entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of an IGA and applicable local law instead of U.S. Treasury regulations.

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An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding by becoming a “participating FFI,” which requires the FFI to enter into a tax compliance agreement with the IRS under section 1471(b) of the Code under which it agrees to verify, report and disclose certain of its U.S. accountholders and provided that such entity meets certain other specified requirements. The FFI will report to the IRS, or, depending on the FFI’s country of residence, to the government of that country (pursuant to the terms and conditions of an applicable IGA and applicable law), which will, in turn, report to the IRS. An FFI that is resident in a country that has entered into an IGA with the U.S. to implement FATCA will be exempt from FATCA withholding provided that the FFI shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

 

An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from a Fund can avoid FATCA withholding generally by certifying that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or by providing the name, address and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner. The NFFE will report to a Fund or other applicable withholding agent, which will, in turn, report information to the IRS.

 

Such foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted or deemed compliant categories as established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in a Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA in order to avoid FATCA withholding. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the U.S. certification rules to avoid backup withholding described above.

 

2017 Tax Act

 

The 2017 Tax Act substantially altered the U.S. federal income tax rules for the taxation of individuals and corporations. Several provisions of the 2017 Tax Act are described in the relevant portions of this SAI. The 2017 Tax Act also makes numerous changes to the tax rules that do not affect regulated investment companies directly but may affect shareholders and may indirectly affect the Funds. Among many tax changes, the Act changes marginal income tax rates applicable to individuals and other taxpayers. Most of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and will apply only to taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026. The 2017 Tax Act does not change the maximum federal income tax rates that apply to long-term capital gains recognized by noncorporate taxpayers, but it does alter the income thresholds at which such tax rates become applicable.

 

The 2017 Act also establishes a deduction of up to 20% for qualified business income received by noncorporate taxpayers from certain pass-through businesses, including publicly traded partnerships and REITS. Under proposed regulations, this deduction may be available for shareholders of regulated investment companies (including the Funds) for certain qualified dividends that regulated investment companies derive from REITs as discussed above under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Special Tax Considerations – Real Estate Investment Trusts.” The IRS is still considering whether the deduction should be available for shareholders of regulated investment companies with regard to income derived from publicly traded partnerships.

 

Other Tax Matters

 

Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisor to determine the suitability of shares of a Fund as an investment through such plans and the precise effect of an investment in the Funds would have on their particular tax situation.

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The foregoing discussion relates solely to U.S. federal income tax law. Dividends and distributions also may be subject to state and local taxes. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding specific questions as to U.S. federal, state, local and, where applicable, foreign taxes. Foreign investors should consult their tax advisers concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of ownership of shares of a Fund, including the certification and filing requirements imposed on foreign investors in order to qualify for exemption from the backup withholding tax rates (or a reduced rate of withholding provided by treaty).

 

The foregoing is a general and abbreviated summary of the applicable provisions of the Code and related regulations currently in effect. For the complete provisions, reference should be made to the pertinent Code sections and regulations. The Code and regulations are subject to change by legislative or administrative actions.

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST

 

The Trust was organized as a Delaware business trust on November 30, 1993 and consists of multiple separate portfolios or series. The Board may establish additional series in the future. The capitalization of the Trust consists solely of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest with no par value.

 

The Trust consists of multiple separate portfolios or funds. When certain matters affect one fund but not another, the shareholders would vote as a fund regarding such matters. Subject to the foregoing, on any matter submitted to a vote of shareholders, all shares then entitled to vote will be voted separately by the fund unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act, in which case all shares will be voted in the aggregate. For example, a change in a fund’s fundamental investment policies would be voted upon only by shareholders of the fund. Additionally, approval of the Investment Advisory Contract and Management Contracts are matters to be determined separately by each fund.

 

Approval by the shareholders of one fund is effective as to that fund whether or not sufficient votes are received from the shareholders of the other fund to approve the proposal as to that fund. The term “majority,” when referring to approvals to be obtained from shareholders of a fund means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the fund or class represented at a meeting if the holder of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the fund or class are present in person or by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the fund. The term “majority,” when referring to the approvals to be obtained from shareholders of the Trust as a whole means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the Trust’s shares represented at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding shares are present in person or proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding shares. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held and fractional votes for fractional shares held.

 

The Trust is not required to hold regular annual meetings of a fund’s shareholders and does not intend to do so. However, the Trust undertakes to hold a special meeting of its shareholders if the purpose of voting on the question of removal of a director or trustees is requested in writing by the holders of at least 10% of the Trust’s outstanding voting securities, and to assist in communicating with other shareholders as required by Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act. The Trust Instrument provides that the holders of not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust may remove a person serving as Trustee either by declaration in writing or at a meeting called for such purpose.

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Each share of a Fund represents an equal proportional interest in that Fund with each other share and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income earned on the assets belonging to that Fund as are declared in the discretion of the Trustees. In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of the Trust, shareholders of each fund are entitled to receive the assets attributable to such Fund that are available for distribution, and a distribution of any general assets of the Trust not attributable to a particular Fund that are available for distribution in such manner and on such basis as the Trustees in their sole discretion may determine.

 

Shareholders are not entitled to any preemptive rights. All shares, when issued, will be fully paid and non-assessable by the Trust.

 

Under Delaware law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of a series of the Trust but only to the extent of the shareholder’s investment in such series. However, the Trust Instrument disclaims liability of the shareholders, Trustees or Officers of the Trust for acts or obligations of the Trust, which are binding only on the assets and property of each series of the Trust and requires that notice of the disclaimer be given in each contract or obligations entered into or executed by the Trust or the Trustees. The risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Trust itself would be unable to meet its obligations and should be considered remote and is limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment in a Fund.

 

OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS

 

Custodian. MFUG Union Bank National Association (the “Custodian”), located at 350 California Street, 6th Floor, San Francisco, California 94104, serves as the custodian for the Funds. As such, the Custodian holds in safekeeping certificated securities and cash belonging to the Funds and, in such capacity, is the registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to the Funds. Upon instruction, the Custodian receives and delivers cash and securities of the Funds in connection with Fund transactions and collects all dividends and other distributions made with respect to Fund portfolio securities. The Custodian also maintains certain accounts and records of the Funds.

 

Transfer Agent. ALPS, pursuant to a Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, serves as transfer agent for the Funds.  As Transfer Agent, ALPS has, among other things, agreed to (i) issue and redeem shares of the Funds; (ii) make dividend and other distributions to shareholders of the Fund; (iii) effect transfers of shares; (iv) mail communications to shareholders of the Funds, including account statements, confirmations, and dividend and distribution notices; (v) facilitate the electronic delivery of shareholder statements and reports and (vi) maintain shareholder accounts.  Under the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, ALPS receives from the Trust an annual minimum fee and a fee based upon the number of shareholder accounts and is also reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses. As described above, ALPS is an affiliate of ADI.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Deloitte & Touche LLP (“Deloitte”) serves as the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm. Deloitte is located at 1601 Wewatta Street, Suite 400, Denver, Colorado 80202.

 

Counsel. Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP serves as counsel to the Funds and is located at 1550 17th Street, Suite 500, Denver, Colorado 80202.

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PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

 

Yield and Total Return. The Funds may from time to time include the yield and/or total return of its shares in advertisements or information in advertisements or information furnished to present or prospective shareholders.

 

Each Fund’s yield will vary from time to time depending upon market conditions, the composition of its portfolios and operating expenses of the Trust allocated to each Fund. These factors, possible differences in the methods used in calculating yield, and the tax exempt status of distributions, should be considered when comparing each Fund’s yield to yields published for other investment companies and other investment vehicles. Yield should also be considered relative to changes in the value of each Fund’s shares and to the relative risks associated with the investment objectives and policies of that Fund.

 

At any time in the future, yields and total return may be higher or lower than past yields and there can be no assurance that any historical results will continue.

 

Investors in each Fund are specifically advised that share prices, expressed as the net asset value per share, will vary just as yield will vary. An investor’s focus on the yield of a Fund to the exclusion of the consideration of the share price of that Fund may result in the investor’s misunderstanding the total return he or she may derive from that Fund.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The financial statements and financial highlights in the April 30, 2019 Annual Report (the “Annual Report”) of each Fund are incorporated in this SAI by reference.  The financial statements and financial highlights in the Annual Report have been audited by Deloitte, whose report thereon appears in the Annual Report.  You can obtain additional copies of such Annual Report at no charge by writing or telephoning the Funds at the address or number on the front page of this SAI.

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APPENDIX A

 

Emerald Advisers, LLC

Proxy Voting Policy, Procedures and Guidelines

(as adopted by Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust)

 

PROXY VOTING POLICY

 

The voting policies set forth below apply to all proxies which Emerald Advisers, LLC (“EA LLC”) is entitled to vote. It is EA LLC’s policy to vote all such proxies. Corporate governance through the proxy process is solely concerned with the accountability and responsibility for the assets entrusted to corporations. The role of institutional investors in the governance process is the same as the responsibility due all other aspects of the fund’s management. First and foremost, the investor is a fiduciary and secondly, an owner. Fiduciaries and owners are responsible for their investments. These responsibilities include:

 

1)selecting proper directors

2)insuring that these directors have properly supervised management

3)resolve issues of natural conflict between shareholders and managers

a.Compensation

b.Corporate Expansion

c.Dividend Policy

d.Free Cash Flow

e.Various Restrictive Corporate Governance Issues, Control Issues, etc.

f.Preserving Integrity

 

In voting proxies, EA LLC will consider those factors which would affect the value of the investment and vote in the manner, which in its view, will best serve the economic interest of its clients. Consistent with this objective, EA LLC will exercise its vote in an activist pro-shareholder manner in accordance with the following policies.

 

I. BOARDS OF DIRECTORS

 

In theory, the board represents shareholders, in practice, all to often Board members are selected by management. Their allegiance is therefore owed to management in order to maintain their very favorable retainers and prestigious position. In some cases, corporations never had a nominating process, let alone criteria for the selection of Board members. Shareholders have begun to focus on the importance of the independence of the Board of Directors and the nominating process for electing these Board members. Independence is an important criterium to adequately protect shareholders’ ongoing financial interest and to properly conduct a board member’s oversight process. Independence though, is only the first criteria for a Board. Boards need to be responsible fiduciaries in their oversight and decision making on behalf of the owners and corporations. Too many companies are really ownerless. Boards who have failed to perform their duties, or do not act in the best interests of the shareholders should be voted out. A clear message is sent when a no confidence vote is given to a set of directors or to a full Board.

 

A.     Election of Directors, a Board of Directors, or any number of Directors. In order to assure Boards are acting solely for the shareholders they represent, the following resolutions will provide a clear message to underperforming companies and Boards who have failed to fulfill duties assigned to them.

 

●        Votes should be cast in favor of shareholder proposals asking that boards be comprised of a majority of outside directors.

 

●        Votes should be cast in favor of shareholder proposals asking that board audit, compensation and nominating committees be comprised exclusively of outside directors.

 

●        Votes should be cast against management proposals to re-elect the board if the board has a majority of inside directors.

A-1

  

●        Votes should be withheld for directors who may have an inherent conflict of interest by virtue of receiving consulting fees from a corporation (affiliated outsiders).

 

●        Votes should be withheld, on a case by case basis, for those directors of the compensation committees responsible for particularly egregious compensation plans.

 

●        Votes should be withheld for directors who have failed to attend 75% of board or committee meetings in cases where management does not provide adequate explanation for the absences.

 

●        Votes should be withheld for incumbent directors of poor performing companies; defining poor performing companies as those companies who have below average stock performance (vs. peer group/Wilshire 5000) and below average return on assets and operating margins.

 

●        Votes should be cast in favor of proposals to create shareholder advisory committees. These committees will represent shareholders’ views, review management, and provide oversight of the board and their directors.

 

B.     Selection of Accountants: EA LLC will generally support a rotation of accountants to provide a truly independent audit. This rotation should generally occur every 4-5 years.

 

C.     Incentive Stock Plans. EA LLC will generally vote against all excessive compensation and incentive stock plans which are not performance related.

 

D.     Corporate restructuring plans or company name changes, will generally be evaluated on a case by case basis.

 

E.     Annual Meeting Location. This topic normally is brought forward by minority shareholders, requesting management to hold the annual meeting somewhere other than where management desires. Resolution. EA LLC normally votes with management, except in those cases where management seeks a location to avoid their shareholders.

 

F.     Preemptive Rights. This is usually a shareholder request enabling shareholders to participate first in any new offering of common stock. Resolution: We do not feel that preemptive rights would add value to shareholders, we would vote against such shareholder proposals.

 

G.    Mergers and/or Acquisitions. Each merger and/or acquisition has numerous ramifications for long term shareholder value. Resolution: After in-depth valuation EA LLC will vote its shares on a case by case basis.

 

II. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ISSUES

 

These issues include those areas where voting with management may not be in the best interest of the institutional investor. All proposals should be examined on a case by case basis.

 

A.     Provisions Restricting Shareholder Rights. These provisions would hamper shareholders ability to vote on certain corporate actions, such as changes in the bylaws, greenmail, poison pills, recapitalization plans, golden parachutes, and on any item that would limit shareholders’ right to nominate, elect, or remove directors. These items can change the course of the corporation overnight and shareholders should have the right to vote on these critical issues. Resolution: Vote Against management proposals to implement such restrictions and vote For shareholder proposals to eliminate them.

 

B.     Anti-Shareholder Measures. These are measures designed to entrench management so as to make it more difficult to effect a change in control of the corporation. They are normally not in the best interests of shareholders since they do not allow for the most productive use of corporate assets.

A-2

  

1. Classification of the Board of Directors: 

A classified Board is one in which directors are not elected in the same year rather their terms of office are staggered. This eliminates the possibility of removing entrenched management at any one annual election of directors. Resolution: Vote Against proposals to classify the Board and support proposals (usually shareholder initiated) to implement annual election of the Board.

 

2. Shareholder Rights Plans (Poison Pills): 

Anti-acquisition proposals of this sort come in a variety of forms. In general, issuers confer contingent benefits of some kind on their common stockholders. The most frequently used benefit is the right to buy shares at discount prices in the event of defined changes in corporate control. Resolution: Vote Against proposals to adopt Shareholder Rights Plans, and vote For Shareholder proposals eliminating such plans.

 

3. Unequal Voting Rights: 

A takeover defense, also known as superstock, which gives holders disproportionate voting rights. EA LLC adheres to the One Share, One Vote philosophy, as all holders of common equity must be treated fairly and equally. Resolution: Vote Against proposals creating different classes of stock with unequal voting privileges.

 

4. Supermajority Clauses: 

These are implemented by management requiring that an overly large amount of shareholders (66-95% of shareholders rather than a simple majority) approve business combinations or mergers, or other measures affecting control. This is another way for management to make changes in control of the company more difficult. Resolution: Vote Against management proposals to implement supermajority clauses and support shareholder proposals to eliminate them.

 

5. Fair Price Provisions: 

These provisions allow management to set price requirements that a potential bidder would need to satisfy in order to consummate a merger. The pricing formulas normally used are so high that the provision makes any tender offer prohibitively expensive. Therefore, their existence can foreclose the possibility of tender offers and hence, the opportunity to secure premium prices for holdings. Resolution: Vote Against management proposals to implement fair price provisions and vote For shareholder proposals to eliminate them.

Caveat: Certain fair price provisions are legally complex and require careful analysis and advice before concluding whether or not their adoption would serve stockholder interest.

 

6. Increases in authorized shares and/or creation of new classes of common and preferred stock:

 

a.Increasing authorized shares.

EA LLC will support management if they have a stated purpose for increasing the authorized number of common and preferred stock. Under normal circumstances, this would include stock splits, stock dividends, stock option plans, and for additional financing needs. However, in certain circumstances, it is apparent that management is proposing these increases as an anti-takeover measure. When used in this manner, share increases could inhibit or discourage stock acquisitions by a potential buyer, thereby negatively affecting a fair price valuation for the company. 

Resolution: On a case by case basis, vote Against management if they attempt to increase the amount of shares that they are authorized to issue if their intention is to use the excess shares to discourage a beneficial business combination. One way to determine if management intends to abuse its right to issue shares is if the amount of authorized shares requested is double the present amount of authorized shares.

 

b.Creation of new classes of stock.

Managements have proposed authorizing shares of new classes of stock, usually preferreds, which the Board would be able to issue at their discretion. The Board would also be granted the discretion to determine the dividend rate, voting privileges, redemption provisions, conversion rights, etc. without approval of the shareholders. These “blank check” issues are designed specifically to inhibit a takeover, merger, or accountability to its shareholders.

Resolution: EA LLC would vote AGAINST management in allowing the Board the discretion to issue any type of “blank check” stock without shareholder approval.

A-3

  

c.Directors and Management Liability and Indemnification.

These proposals are a result of the increasing cost of insuring directors and top management against lawsuits. Generally, managements propose that the liability of directors and management be either eliminated or limited. Shareholders must have some recourse for losses that are caused by negligence on the part of directors and management. Therefore directors and management should be responsible for their fiduciary duty of care towards the company. The Duty of Care is defined as the obligation of directors and management to be diligent in considering a transaction or in taking or refusing to take a corporate action. 

Resolution: On a case by case basis, EA LLC votes Against attempts by management to eliminate directors and management liability for their duty of care.

 

d.Compensation Plans (Incentive Plans)

Management occasionally will propose to adopt an incentive plan which will become effective in the event of a takeover or merger. These plans are commonly known as “golden parachutes” or “tin parachutes” as they are specifically designed to grossly or unduly benefit a select few in management who would most likely lose their jobs in an acquisition. Shareholders should be allowed to vote on all plans of this type. 

Resolution: On a case by case basis, vote Against attempts by management to adopt proposals that are specifically designed to grossly or unduly benefit members of executive management in the event of an acquisition.

 

e.Greenmail

EA LLC would not support management in the payment of greenmail. 

Resolution: EA LLC would vote FOR any shareholder resolution that would eliminate the possibility of the payment of greenmail.

 

f.Cumulative Voting

Cumulative voting entitles stockholders to as many votes as equal the number of shares they own multiplied by the number of directors being elected. According to this set of rules, a shareholder can cast all votes towards a single director, or any two or more. This is a proposal usually made by a minority shareholder seeking to elect a director to the Board who sympathizes with a special interest. It also can be used by management that owns a large percentage of the company to ensure that their appointed directors are elected. 

Resolution: Cumulative voting tends to serve special interests and not those of shareholders, therefore EA LLC will vote Against any proposals establishing cumulative voting and For any proposal to eliminate it.

 

g.Proposals Designed to Discourage Mergers & Acquisitions In Advance

These provisions direct Board members to weigh socioeconomic and legal as well as financial factors when evaluating takeover bids. This catchall apparently means that the perceived interests of customers, suppliers, managers, etc., would have to be considered along with those of the shareholder. These proposals may be worded: “amendments to instruct the Board to consider certain factors when evaluating an acquisition proposal”. Directors are elected primarily to promote and protect the shareholder interests. Directors should not allow other considerations to dilute or deviate from those interests. Resolution: EA LLC will vote Against proposals that would discourage the most productive use of corporate assets in advance.

 

h.Confidential Voting

A company that does not have a ballot provision has the ability to see the proxy votes before the annual meeting. In this way, management is able to know before the final outcome how their proposals are being accepted. If a proposal is not going their way, management has the ability to call shareholders to attempt to convince them to change their votes. Elections should take place in normal democratic process which includes the secret ballot. Elections without the secret ballot can lead to coercion of shareholders, employees, and other corporate partners. Resolution: Vote For proposals to establish secret ballot voting.

A-4

  

i.Disclosure

Resolution: EA LLC will vote Against proposals that would require any kind of unnecessary disclosure of business records. EAI will vote For proposals that require disclosure of records concerning unfair labor practices or records dealing with the public safety.

 

j.Sweeteners

Resolution: EA LLC will vote Against proposals that include what are called “sweeteners” used to entice shareholders to vote for a proposal that includes other items that may not be in the shareholders best interest. For instance, including a stock split in the same proposal as a classified Board, or declaring an extraordinary dividend in the same proposal installing a shareholders rights plan (Poison Pill).

 

k.Changing the State of Incorporation

If management sets forth a proposal to change the State of Incorporation, the reason for change is usually to take advantage of another state’s liberal corporation laws, especially regarding mergers, takeovers, and anti-shareholder measures. Many companies view the redomestication in another jurisdiction as an opportune time to put new anti-shareholder measures on the books or to purge their charter and bylaws of inconvenient shareholder rights, written consent, cumulative voting, etc. Resolution: On a case by case basis, EA LLC will vote Against proposals changing the State of Incorporation for the purpose of their anti-shareholder provisions and will support shareholder proposals calling for reincorporation into a jurisdiction more favorable to shareholder democracy.

 

l.Equal Access to Proxy Statements

EA LLC supports stockholders right to equal access to the proxy statement, in the same manner that management has access. Stockholders are the owners of a corporation and should not be bound by timing deadlines and other obstacles that presently shareholders must abide by in sponsoring proposals in a proxy statement. The Board should not have the ability to arbitrarily prevent a shareholder proposal from appearing in the proxy statement. Resolution: EA LLC will support any proposal calling for equal access to proxy statements.

 

m.Abstention Votes

EA LLC supports changes in the method of accounting for abstention votes. Abstention votes should not be considered as shares “represented” or “cast” at an annual meeting. Only those shares cast favoring or opposing a proposal should be included in the total votes cast to determine if a majority vote has been achieved. Votes cast abstaining should not be included in total votes cast. Resolution: EA LLC will support any proposal to change a company’s by-laws or articles of incorporation to reflect the proper accounting for abstention votes.

 

III. Other Issues

 

On other major issues involving questions of community interest, moral and social concern, fiduciary trust and respect for the law such as:

 

A.Human Rights

B.Nuclear Issues

C.Defense Issues

D.Social Responsibility

 

A-5

  

EA LLC, in general supports the position of management. Exceptions to this policy Include:

 

1.South Africa

EA LLC will actively encourage those corporations that have South African interests to adopt and adhere to the Statement of Principles for South Africa, formerly known as the Sullivan Principles, and to take further actions to promote responsible corporate activity.

 

2.Northern Ireland

EA LLC will actively encourage U.S. companies in Northern Ireland to adopt and adhere to the MacBride Principles, and to take further actions to promote responsible corporate activity.

 

IV. Other Potential Conflicts of Interest

 

EA LLC may manage a variety of corporate accounts that are publically traded. EA LLC will use Glass-Lewis recommendations to avoid any appearance of a conflict of interest when voting proxies of its clients that are publically traded companies.

 

Policy date: 9/30/2011

 

A-6 

 

 

August 31, 2019
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
 

Name of Fund Ticker
Investor Class Institutional Class
Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund GPEOX GPEIX
Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund GPGOX GPGIX
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund GPROX GPRIX
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund GPIOX GPIIX
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund GGSOX GGSYX
Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund GISOX GISYX
Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund N/A GPMCX

 

P.O. Box 13664 

Denver, CO 80201

 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) expands upon and supplements the information contained in the current Prospectus for Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares (collectively, the “Shares”) of the Funds listed above, each of which is a separate series of Financial Investors Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”). Each of these series of the Trust represents shares of beneficial interest in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets with its own investment objective and policies. This SAI is not a prospectus and is only authorized for distribution when preceded or accompanied by each Fund’s current prospectus dated August 31, 2019, as supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”). This SAI supplements and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus, a copy of each of which may be obtained without charge by writing the Funds at the address listed above, or by calling the Funds’ transfer agent at 855-377-PEAK(7325). The Funds’ most recent Annual Report, if any, is incorporated by reference into this SAI and can be obtained free of charge, by calling the toll-free number printed above.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

  Page
Classification, Investment Objectives and Policies 1
Investment Limitations 26
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings 28
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage 31
Purchase, Exchange & Redemption of Shares 37
Trustees and Officers 43
Investment Manager 51
Distributor 54
Code of Ethics 54
Administrator 55
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures 55
Control Persons, Principal Shareholders and Management Ownership 56
Expenses 60
Portfolio Managers 61
Net Asset Value 63
Federal Income Taxes 64
Description of the Trust 75
Other Information about the Funds 76
Performance Information 77
Financial Statements 77
Appendix A -- Description of Securities Ratings A-1
Appendix B -- Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures B-1

 

 

 

CLASSIFICATION, INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

 

Financial Investors Trust

 

This SAI includes information about seven series of the Trust, the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund, the Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund, the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund, the Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, the Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and the Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund (each a “Fund,” collectively, the “Funds”). Each Fund is a series of the Trust, an open-end, management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust on November 30, 1993.

 

Each Fund is advised by Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC, (the “Adviser”).

 

Classification

 

The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), classifies mutual funds as either diversified or non-diversified. Each Fund is classified as diversified.

 

What are the Funds’ Investment Objectives?

 

Each Fund seeks long-term growth of capital.

 

While there is no assurance that a Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in the Prospectus.

 

The Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change this objective or a Fund’s principal investment strategies without a shareholder vote. Each Fund will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to a Fund’s objective or principal investment strategies, you should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

Investment Strategies and Risks

 

The principal risks associated with each Fund’s principal investment strategies are described in the Prospectus. The following section describes in greater detail than the Prospectus, each Fund’s investment strategies and the associated risks.

 

Borrowing to Purchase Securities (Leveraging). The Funds may use leverage, that is, borrow money to purchase securities. Leverage increases both investment opportunity and investment risk. If the investment gains on securities purchased with borrowed money exceed the borrowing costs (including interest), the net asset value of a Fund will rise. On the other hand, if the investment gains fail to cover the borrowing costs or if there are losses, the net asset value of a Fund will decrease.

 

The 1940 Act requires borrowings to have 300% net asset coverage, which means, in effect, that each Fund would be permitted to borrow up to an amount equal to one-third of the value of its total assets. If a Fund fails to meet this asset coverage test for any reason including adverse market conditions, it will be required to reduce borrowings within three business days to the extent necessary to meet the test. This requirement may make it necessary to sell a portion of a Fund’s securities at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so. The amount a Fund can borrow may also be limited by applicable margin limitations of the Federal Reserve Board. Briefly, these provide that banks subject to the Federal Reserve Act may not make loans for the purpose of buying or carrying margin stocks if the loan is secured directly or indirectly by a margin stock, to the extent that the loan is greater than the maximum loan value of the collateral securing the loan.

 

1

 

Despite the potential risks of leveraging, the Adviser believes there may be times when it may be advantageous to the Funds to borrow to make investments. For example, when a portfolio manager perceives unusual opportunities in the market or in a particular sector, the portfolio manager may want to be more than 100% invested. Borrowing may also be considered when stock prices and trading volume are not favorable for securities a portfolio manager wants to sell, but stock prices and trading volume are favorable for securities the portfolio manager wants to buy. In these situations, which arise infrequently, borrowing may allow a portfolio manager to take advantage of favorable opportunities to purchase desired securities without having to sell securities at unfavorable prices.

 

Convertible Securities. The Funds may invest in convertible securities. These are generally bonds or preferred stocks that are convertible into a corporation’s common stock. Convertible securities entitle the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible securities mature or are redeemed, converted or exchanged. Prior to conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to ordinary debt securities or preferred stocks in that they normally provide a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than those of common stock of the same or similar issuers. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure and therefore generally entail less risk of loss of principal than the corporation’s common stock.

 

In selecting convertible securities for the Funds, the Adviser will consider, among other factors: its evaluation of the creditworthiness of the issuers of the securities; the interest or dividend income generated by the securities; the potential for capital appreciation of the securities and the underlying common stocks; the prices of the securities relative to other comparable securities and to the underlying common stocks; whether the securities are entitled to the benefits of sinking funds or other protective conditions; diversification of a Fund’s portfolio as to issuers; and whether the securities are rated by a rating agency and, if so, the ratings assigned.

 

The value of convertible securities is a function of their investment value (determined by yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege) and their conversion value (their worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of convertible securities is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline, and by the credit standing of the issuer and other factors. The conversion value of convertible securities is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible securities is governed principally by their investment value. To the extent the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible securities will be increasingly influenced by their conversion value. In addition, convertible securities generally sell at a premium over their conversion value determined by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding fixed income securities.

 

Capital appreciation for a Fund may result from an improvement in the credit standing of an issuer whose securities are held in the Fund or from a general lowering of interest rates, or a combination of both. Conversely, a reduction in the credit standing of an issuer whose securities are held by a Fund or a general increase in interest rates may be expected to result in capital depreciation to the Fund. Convertible securities may have mandatory sinking fund provisions prior to maturity, a negative feature when interest rates decline.

 

2

 

Refer to Appendix A for a description of preferred stock and long- and short-term debt ratings.

 

Corporate Bonds. The Funds may invest in corporate bonds that are rated, at the time of purchase, in the four highest categories by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s Ratings Service, Inc., a division of McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“S&P”) or other nationally recognized rating agencies or unrated securities deemed by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. The Funds may also invest in corporate bonds that are lower rated (Moody’s Ba or lower or S&P BB or lower). These lower rated bonds are also known as “non-investment grade debt securities” or “junk bonds.” See Appendix A for a description of ratings on investment grade and non-investment grade debt securities.

 

Derivatives. The Funds may use derivatives, such as futures, options, options on futures, and forward foreign currency exchange contracts. A derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on (or “derived from”) a traditional security (such as a stock or bond), an asset (such as a commodity like gold), or a market index (such as the S&P 500). A derivative contract will obligate or entitle a Fund to deliver or receive an asset or cash payment based on the change in one or more securities, currencies, indices or other assets. The Funds may use derivatives for hedging purposes, including to attempt to protect against possible changes in the market value of securities held or to be purchased for a Fund’s portfolio resulting from securities markets, currency exchange rate or interest rate fluctuations (i.e., to hedge); protect the Fund’s unrealized gains reflected in the value of its portfolio securities; facilitate the sale of such securities for investment purposes; and as a substitute for buying or selling securities, securities indices or currencies. The Funds may also use derivatives for non-hedging (speculative) purposes including to enhance a Fund’s returns. A Fund may use any or all of these investment techniques and different types of derivative securities may be purchased at any time and in any combination. There is no particular strategy that dictates the use of one technique rather than another, as use of derivatives is a function of numerous variables, including market conditions.

 

The use of derivatives presents risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in traditional securities. Among the risks presented are market risk, credit risk, management risk and liquidity risk. The primary risk with many derivatives is that they can amplify a gain or loss, potentially earning or losing substantially more money than the actual cost of the derivative instrument. These risks are heightened when the management team uses derivatives to enhance the Fund’s return or as a substitute for a position or security, rather than solely to hedge (or offset) the risk of a position or security held by the Fund. In addition, certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited losses regardless of the size of the initial investment. Derivatives also involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuations (particularly, for non-standardized contracts) and the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the relevant assets, rates and indices. Derivatives may also be less liquid and may be difficult or impossible to sell or terminate at a desirable time or price. Derivatives may also involve credit risk which is the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the failure of a counterparty to comply with the terms of a derivative instrument. The counterparty risk for exchange-traded derivatives is generally less than for privately-negotiated or over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives, since generally a clearing agency, which is the issuer or counterparty to each exchange-traded instrument, provides a guarantee of performance. For privately-negotiated instruments, there is no similar clearing agency guarantee. Use of derivatives may also increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxes payable by shareholders. The Fund may lose money on derivatives or may not fully benefit on derivatives if changes in their value do not correspond accurately to changes in the value of the Fund’s holdings. A Fund’s ability to benefit from derivatives is largely dependent on the Adviser’s ability to use such strategies successfully.

 

3

 

Rule 4.5 under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”), as amended, exempts an adviser of a fund that invests in “commodity interests” from registration as a “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) provided that, among other restrictions, the adviser enters into such positions solely for “bona fide hedging purposes” or limits its use of commodity interests for non-bona fide hedging purposes such that (i) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish non-bona fide hedging positions do not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the fund’s portfolio, or (ii) the aggregate “notional value” of the non-bona fide hedging commodity interests do not exceed 100% of the liquidation value of the fund’s portfolio.

 

The Adviser intends to: (i) comply with the requirements of the CEA by operating each Fund in a manner consistent with the restrictions of Rule 4.5, including filing a notice of eligibility of exemption from registration in accordance with applicable procedures and deadlines; (ii) comply with the requirements of the CEA by registering as a CPO with the CFTC and the National Futures Association; or (iii) operate each Fund in a manner such that the Fund will not be a “commodity pool” under the CEA.

 

For more information about the various types of derivatives, see the sections in this SAI discussing such securities including Futures Contracts; Put and Call Options and Options and Futures Relating to Foreign Currencies.

 

Futures Contracts. The Funds may enter into futures contracts. Futures contracts are standardized, exchange-traded contracts that require delivery of the underlying financial instrument (such as a bond, currency or stock index) at a specified price, on a specified future date. The buyer of the futures contract agrees to buy the underlying financial instruments from the seller at a fixed purchase price upon the expiration of the contract. The seller of the futures contract agrees to sell the underlying financial instrument to the buyer at expiration at the fixed sales price. In most cases, delivery never takes place. Instead, both the buyer and the seller, acting independently of each other, usually liquidate their long and short positions before the contract expires; the buyer sells futures and the seller buys futures.

 

The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of its underlying instrument. Therefore, purchasing futures contracts will tend to increase a Fund’s exposure to positive and negative price fluctuations in the underlying instrument, much as if it had purchased the underlying instrument directly. When a Fund sells a futures contract, by contrast, the value of its futures position will tend to move in a direction contrary to the market. Selling futures contracts, therefore, will tend to offset both positive and negative market price changes, much as if the underlying instrument had been sold.

 

Futures may be used for hedging (i.e., to protect against adverse future price movements in a Fund’s portfolio securities, or in securities a Fund intends to purchase). For example, if the portfolio manager thinks that the stock market might decline, the portfolio manager could sell stock index futures to safeguard a Fund’s portfolio. If the market declines as anticipated, the value of stocks in a Fund’s portfolio would decrease, but the value of a Fund’s futures contracts would increase. The Funds may also use futures contracts to speculate on the market. For example, the portfolio manager might buy stock index futures on the expectation that the value of a particular index will rise, even though the stocks comprising the index are unrelated to stocks held or intended to be purchased by a Fund. Using futures for speculation, however, involves significant risk since futures contracts are highly leveraged instruments. When a portfolio manager enters into a futures contract, the manager needs to put up only a small fraction of the value of the underlying contract as collateral, yet gains or losses will be based on the full value of the contract.

 

4

 

The use of futures contracts would expose the Funds to additional investment risks and transaction costs. Risks include: the risk that securities prices will not move in the direction that the Adviser anticipates; an imperfect correlation between the price of the futures contract and movements in the prices of any securities being hedged; the possible absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular futures contract and possible exchange-imposed price fluctuation limits; and leverage risk, which is the risk that adverse price movements in a futures contract can result in a loss substantially greater than a Fund’s initial investment in that contract. A relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in an immediate and substantial loss (or gain) to the Fund.

 

The Funds may enter into futures contracts and related options as permitted under CFTC Rules. The Adviser expects that the Funds’ futures transactions will generally include transactions: (i) on domestic and foreign exchanges on currencies, interest rates and bond indices; and (ii) on domestic and, to the extent permitted by the CFTC, foreign exchanges on stock indices. The Adviser intends to (i) comply with the requirements of the CEA by operating the Funds in a manner consistent with the restrictions of Rule 4.5, including filing a notice of eligibility of exemption from registration in accordance with applicable procedures and deadlines; (ii) comply with the requirements of the CEA by registering as a CPO with the CFTC and the National Futures Association; or (iii) operate the Funds in a manner such that neither Fund will be a “commodity pool” under the CEA. CFTC regulations governing the use of commodity interests, including certain futures contracts, by investment companies such as the Funds may be subject to amendment. Amendments to such regulations by the CFTC may affect the ability of the Funds to use futures and commodity interests, and could affect the Funds’ ability to achieve its investment objective.

 

Futures Margin Payments. The purchaser or seller of a futures contract is not required to deliver or pay for the underlying instrument unless the contract is held until the delivery date. However, both the purchaser and seller are required to deposit “initial margin” with a futures broker, known as a futures commission merchant (FCM), when the contract (or written options thereon) is entered into. Initial margin deposits are typically equal to a percentage of the contract’s value. If the value of either party’s position declines, that party will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to settle the change in value on a daily basis. The party that has a gain may be entitled to receive all or a portion of this amount. Initial and variation margin payments do not constitute purchasing securities on margin for purposes of the investment limitations of the Funds. In the event of the bankruptcy of an FCM that holds margin on behalf of a Fund, the Fund may be entitled to a return of the margin owed only in proportion to the amount received by the FCM’s other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the respective Fund. Because of the low margin deposits required, futures trading involves an extremely high degree of leverage. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in a substantial loss as well as a gain, to an investor.

 

Options and Futures Relating to Foreign Currencies. The Funds may engage in options and futures transactions related to foreign currencies. Currency futures contracts are similar to forward currency exchange contracts, except that they are traded on exchanges (and have margin requirements) and are standardized as to contract size and delivery date. Most currency futures contracts call for payment or delivery in U.S. dollars. The underlying instrument of a currency option may be a foreign currency, which generally is purchased or delivered in exchange for U.S. dollars, or may be a futures contract. The purchaser of a currency call obtains the right to purchase the underlying currency. The purchaser of a currency put obtains the right to sell the underlying currency.

 

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The uses and risks of currency options and futures are similar to options and futures relating to securities or indexes, as discussed above. The Funds may purchase and sell currency futures and may purchase and write currency options to increase or decrease exposure to different foreign currencies. The Funds may also purchase and write currency options in conjunction with each other or with currency futures or forward contracts. Currency futures and options values can be expected to correlate with exchange rates, but may not reflect other factors that affect the value of the Funds’ investments. A currency hedge, for example, should protect a yen-denominated security from a decline in the yen, but will not protect the Funds against a price decline resulting from deterioration in the issuer’s creditworthiness. Because the value of the Funds’ foreign-denominated investments changes in response to many factors other than exchange rates, it may not be possible to match the amount of currency options and futures to the value of the Funds’ investments exactly over time.

 

Asset Coverage for Futures and Options Positions. As investment companies registered with the SEC, the Funds must “set aside” (often referred to as “asset segregation”) liquid assets, or engage in other SEC- or staff-approved measures to “cover” open positions with respect to certain kinds of derivative instruments (including swaps, options, futures and forward contracts). In the case of derivative contracts that do not cash settle, for example, a Fund will typically set aside liquid assets equal to the full notional value of the derivative contracts while the positions are open. With respect to derivative contracts that do cash settle, however, a Fund may set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligations (i.e., the Fund’s daily net liability) under the derivative contracts, if any, rather than their full notional value. Each Fund reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future to, among other things, comply with any changes in the positions from time to time articulated by the SEC or its staff regarding asset segregation. By setting aside assets equal to only its net obligations under cash-settled derivative contracts, a Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to segregate assets equal to the full notional amount of the derivative contracts.

 

Limitations on Futures and Commodity Options Transactions.

 

The Funds’ investments in futures contracts and commodity options, as well as such Funds’ policies regarding futures contracts and options, are subject to CFTC rules discussed elsewhere in this SAI, and may be changed as regulatory agencies permit.

 

Put and Call Options. The Funds may purchase and write put and call options. Such options may relate to particular securities, indices or futures contracts, may or may not be listed on a domestic or non-U.S. securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the Options Clearing Corporation. A put option gives the purchaser the right to sell a security or other instrument to the writer of the option at a stated price during the term of the option. A call option gives the purchaser the right to purchase a security or other instrument from the writer of the option at a stated price during the term of the option. The Funds may use put and call options for a variety of purposes. For example, if the portfolio manager wishes to hedge a security owned by a Fund against a decline in price, the portfolio manager may purchase a put option on the underlying security; i.e., purchase the right to sell the security to a third party at a stated price. If the underlying security then declines in price, the portfolio manager can exercise the put option, thus limiting the amount of loss resulting from the decline in price. Similarly, if the portfolio manager intends to purchase a security at some date in the future, the portfolio manager may purchase a call option on the security today in order to hedge against an increase in its price before the intended purchase date. Put and call options also can be used for speculative purposes for the Funds. For example, if a portfolio manager believes that the price of stocks generally is going to rise, the manager may purchase a call option on a stock index, the components of which are unrelated to the stocks held or intended to be purchased.

 

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Purchasing Put and Call Options. The Funds may purchase put and call options. By purchasing a put option, a Fund obtains the right (but not the obligation) to sell the option’s underlying instrument at a fixed strike price. In return for this right, the Fund pays the current market price for the option (known as the option premium). Options have various types of underlying instruments, including specific securities, indexes of securities prices and futures contracts. A Fund may terminate its position in a put option it has purchased by allowing it to expire, by exercising the option or if able, by selling the option. If the option is allowed to expire, the Fund will lose the entire premium it paid. If the Fund exercises the option, it completes the sale of the underlying instrument at the strike price. A Fund may also terminate a put option position by closing it out in the secondary market at its current price, if a liquid secondary market exists.

 

The buyer of a typical put option can expect to realize a gain if a security’s price falls substantially. However, if the underlying instrument’s price does not fall enough to offset the cost of purchasing the option, a put buyer can expect to suffer a loss (limited to the amount of the premium paid, plus related transaction costs).

 

The features of call options are essentially the same as those of put options, except that the purchaser of a call option obtains the right to purchase, rather than sell, the underlying instrument at the option’s strike price. A call buyer typically attempts to participate in potential price increases of the underlying instrument with risk limited to the cost of the option if the security’s price falls. At the same time, the buyer can expect to suffer a loss if the security’s price does not rise sufficiently to offset the cost of the option.

 

Each Fund will not invest more than 10% of the value of its net assets in purchased options.

 

Writing Put and Call Options. The Funds may write (i.e., sell) put and call options. When a Fund writes a put option, it takes the opposite side of the transaction from the option’s purchaser. In return for receipt of the premium, the Fund assumes the obligation to pay the strike price for the option’s underlying instrument if the other party to the option chooses to exercise it. When writing an option on a futures contract the Fund would be required to make margin payments to an FCM as described above for futures contracts. The Fund may seek to terminate its position in put options it writes before exercise by closing out the option in the secondary market at its current price. If the secondary market is not liquid for put options the Fund has written, however, the Fund must continue to be prepared to pay the strike price while the option is outstanding, regardless of price changes, and must continue to set aside assets to cover its position. If the underlying security’s price rises, however, a put writer would generally expect to profit, although its gain would be limited to the amount of the premium it received.

 

If the security’s price remains the same over time, it is likely that the put writer will also profit, because it should be able to close out the option at a lower price. If the security’s price falls, the put writer would expect to suffer a loss. This loss should be less than the loss from purchasing the underlying instrument directly, however, because the premium received for writing the option should mitigate the effects of the decline.

 

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Writing a call option obligates a Fund to sell or deliver the option’s underlying instrument, in return for the strike price, upon exercise of the option. The characteristics of writing call options are similar to those of writing put options, except that writing calls generally is a profitable strategy if prices remain the same or fall. Through receipt of the option premium, a call writer mitigates the effects of a price decline. At the same time, because a call writer must be prepared to deliver the underlying instrument in return for the strike price, even if its current value is greater, a call writer gives up some ability to participate in the security’s price increase.

 

The Funds will write only “covered” put and call options.

 

A call option written by a Fund is “covered” if the Fund: (a) owns the underlying security covered by the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash consideration upon conversion or exchange of other securities held in its portfolio; or (b) meets the asset coverage requirements described under “Asset Coverage for Futures and Options Positions” above.

 

A put option written by a Fund is “covered” if the Fund: (a) holds a put on the same security having the same principal amount as the put option it has written and the exercise price of the put held is equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put written; or (b) meets the asset coverage requirements described under “Asset Coverage for Futures and Options Positions” above.

 

If options are “covered” by the Fund meeting the asset coverage requirements, the Fund’s economic exposure is not limited as it would be if the options are “covered” as described in paragraphs (a) above.

 

OTC Options. The Funds may engage in over-the-counter (“OTC”) options transactions. Unlike exchange-traded options, which are standardized with respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size, and strike price, the terms of OTC options (options not traded on exchanges) generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract. While this type of arrangement allows a Fund greater flexibility to tailor options to its needs, OTC options generally involve greater credit and default risk than exchange-traded options, which are guaranteed by the clearing organization of the exchanges where they are traded.

 

Additional Risks of Options and Futures Contracts.

 

Market Risk. Market risk is the risk that the value of the underlying assets may go up or down. Adverse movements in the value of an underlying asset can expose the Fund to losses. Market risk is the primary risk associated with derivative transactions, such as futures and options. Derivative instruments may include elements of leverage and, accordingly, fluctuations in the value of the derivative instrument in relation to the underlying asset may be magnified. The successful use of futures and options depends upon a variety of factors, particularly the portfolio manager’s ability to predict movements of the securities, currencies and commodities markets, which may require different skills than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. There can be no assurance that any particular strategy adopted will succeed.

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the failure of a counterparty to comply with the terms of a derivative instrument. The counterparty risk for exchange-traded derivatives is generally less than for privately-negotiated or OTC derivatives, since generally a clearing agency, which is the issuer or counterparty to each exchange-traded instrument, provides a guarantee of performance. For privately-negotiated instruments, there is no similar clearing agency guarantee. In all transactions, the Fund will bear the risk that the counterparty will default, and this could result in a loss of the expected benefit of the derivative transactions and possibly other losses to the Fund.

 

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Lack of Correlation of Price Changes. Because there are a limited number of types of exchange-traded options and futures contracts, it is likely that the standardized contracts available will not match a Fund’s current or anticipated investments exactly. The Funds may invest in options and futures contracts based on securities with different issuers, maturities, or other characteristics from the securities in which they typically invest, which involve a risk that the respective Fund’s options or futures positions will not track the performance of the Fund’s other investments.

 

Options and futures prices can also diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments, even if the underlying instruments match the Fund’s investments well. Options and futures prices are affected by such factors as current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument, and the time remaining until expiration of the contract, which may not affect a security’s price the same way. Imperfect correlation may also result from differing levels of demand in the options and futures markets and the securities markets, from structural differences in how options, futures and securities are traded, or from imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or trading halts. The Funds may purchase or sell options and futures contracts with a greater or lesser value than the securities they wish to hedge or intend to purchase in order to attempt to compensate for differences in volatility between the contract and the securities, although this may not be successful in all cases. If price changes in a Fund’s options or futures positions are poorly correlated with other investments, the positions may fail to produce anticipated gains or result in losses that are not offset by gains in other investments.

 

Liquidity of Options and Futures Contracts. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option or futures contract at any particular time. Options may have relatively low trading volume and liquidity if their strike prices are not close to the underlying instrument’s current price. In addition, exchanges may establish daily price fluctuation limits for options and futures contracts, and may halt trading if a contract’s price moves upward or downward more than the limit in a given day. On volatile trading days when the price fluctuation limit is reached or a trading halt is imposed, it may be impossible for the respective Fund to enter into new positions or close out existing positions. In addition, if unable to close a future position, in the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would be required to make daily cash payments in order to maintain its required margin. In such situation, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell other portfolio securities at an inopportune time to meet daily margin requirements. If the secondary market for a contract is not liquid because of price fluctuation limits or otherwise, it could prevent prompt liquidation of unfavorable positions, and potentially could require the applicable Fund to continue to hold a position until delivery or expiration regardless of changes in its value. As a result, the Fund’s access to other assets held to cover options or futures positions could also be impaired.

 

Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”). The Funds may invest in ETFs. ETFs are investment companies, the shares of which are bought and sold on a securities exchange. The securities of an ETF are redeemable only in larger aggregation of a specified number of shares and generally on an in-kind basis. Generally, certain ETFs may represent a portfolio of securities designed to track the composition and/or performance of specific indexes or portfolio of specific indexes, while other ETFs may be actively managed that do not track an index (generally referred to as actively-managed ETFs). The market prices of ETF investments will fluctuate in accordance with both changes in the underlying portfolio securities of the investment company and also due to supply and demand of the investment company’s shares on the exchange upon which its shares are traded. Index-based investments may not replicate or otherwise match the composition or performance of their specified index due to transaction costs, among other things. Examples of ETFs include SPDRs®, Select Sector SPDRs®, DIAMONDSSM, NASDAQ 100 Shares and iShares.

 

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There are many reasons a Fund would purchase an ETF. For example, a Fund could purchase an ETF to temporarily gain exposure to a portion of the U.S. or a foreign market while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. The risks of owning an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities in which the ETF invests and the investment strategies of the ETF. However, lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in it being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities and ETFs have operating expenses, including management fees that increase their costs versus the costs of owning the underlying securities directly. The Funds may purchase ETFs to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, rules thereunder or as described below, to the extent permitted by exemptive orders granted to the various ETFs by the SEC. (See also the description of “Securities of Other Investment Companies”).

 

Foreign Currency Transactions. The Funds may hold foreign currency deposits from time to time and may convert dollars and foreign currencies in the foreign exchange markets. Currency conversion involves dealer spreads and other costs, although commissions usually are not charged. Currencies may be exchanged on a spot (i.e., cash) basis, or by entering into forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies at a future date and price. Forward contracts generally are traded on an interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. The parties to a forward contract may agree to offset or terminate the contract before its maturity, or may hold the contract to maturity and complete the contemplated currency exchange.

 

The Funds may use currency forward contracts to manage currency risks and to facilitate transactions in foreign securities. The following discussion summarizes the principal currency management strategies involving forward contracts that could be used by the Funds.

 

In connection with purchases and sales of securities denominated in foreign currencies, the Funds may enter into currency forward contracts to fix a definite price for the purchase or sale in advance of the trade’s settlement date. This technique is sometimes referred to as a “settlement hedge” or “transaction hedge.” The Adviser expects to enter into settlement hedges in the normal course of managing the respective Fund’s foreign investments. The Funds could also enter into forward contracts to purchase or sell a foreign currency in anticipation of future purchases or sales of securities denominated in foreign currency, even if the specific investments have not yet been selected by the Adviser.

 

The Funds may also use forward contracts to hedge against a decline in the value of existing investments denominated in foreign currency. For example, if the Funds owned securities denominated in pounds sterling, they could enter into a forward contract to sell pounds sterling in return for U.S. dollars to hedge against possible declines in the pound’s value. Such a hedge, sometimes referred to as a “position hedge,” would tend to offset both positive and negative currency fluctuations but would not offset changes in security values caused by other factors. The Funds could also hedge the position by selling another currency expected to perform similarly to the pound sterling—for example, by entering into a forward contract to sell European Currency Units in return for U.S. dollars. This type of hedge, sometimes referred to as a “proxy hedge,” could offer advantages in terms of cost, yield, or efficiency, but generally would not hedge currency exposure as effectively as a simple hedge into U.S. dollars. Proxy hedges may result in losses if the currency used to hedge does not perform similarly to the currency in which the hedged securities are denominated.

 

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SEC guidelines require mutual funds to set aside appropriate liquid assets in a segregated custodial account to cover forward currency contracts.

 

Successful use of forward currency contracts will depend on the Adviser’s skill in analyzing and predicting currency values. Forward contracts may substantially change the respective Fund’s investment exposure to changes in currency exchange rates, and could result in losses to the Fund if currencies do not perform as the Adviser anticipates. For example, if a currency’s value rose at a time when the Adviser had hedged the Funds by selling that currency in exchange for U.S. dollars, the Funds would be unable to participate in the currency’s appreciation. If the Adviser hedges currency exposure through proxy hedges, the Funds could realize currency losses from the hedge and the security position at the same time if the two currencies do not move in tandem. Similarly, if the Adviser increases the applicable Fund’s exposure to a foreign currency, and that currency’s value declines, the Funds will realize a loss. There is no assurance that the Adviser’s use of forward currency contracts will be advantageous to the Funds or that it will hedge at an appropriate time. The policies described in this section are non-fundamental policies of the Funds.

 

Foreign Securities. Under normal market conditions, the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund’s and Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund’s assets (at least 40% at the time of purchase) will be invested outside of the United States. The Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund and Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund may invest in securities issued by foreign companies without limitation. Investments in foreign countries involve certain risks which are not typically associated with U.S. investments.

 

Additional Risks of Foreign Securities.

 

Foreign Securities Markets. Trading volume on foreign country and, in particular, emerging market stock exchanges is substantially less than that on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Further, securities of some foreign and, in particular, emerging market companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. Fixed commissions on foreign exchanges are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges. The Funds endeavor to achieve the most favorable net results on their portfolio transactions and may be able to purchase securities on other stock exchanges where commissions are negotiable. Foreign stock exchanges, brokers, custodians and listed companies may be subject to less government supervision and regulation than in the United States. The customary settlement time for foreign securities may be longer than the customary three day settlement time for U.S. securities.

 

Companies in foreign countries are not generally subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and disclosure requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. Consequently, there may be less publicly available information about a foreign company than about a U.S. company. Certain markets may require payment for securities before delivery and delays may be encountered in settling securities transactions. In some foreign markets, there may not be protection against failure by other parties to complete transactions. There may be limited legal recourse against an issuer in the event of a default on a debt instrument.

 

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Currency Risk. The value of the assets of a Fund, as measured in U.S. dollars may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations. A change in the value of any foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar may cause a corresponding change in the dollar value of a Fund’s assets that are denominated or traded in that country. In addition, a Fund may incur costs in connection with conversion between various currencies.

 

Political and Economic Risk. Foreign investments may be subject to heightened political and economic risks, particularly in underdeveloped or developing countries which may have relatively unstable governments and economies based on only a few industries. In some countries, there is the risk that the government could seize or nationalize companies, could impose additional withholding taxes on dividends or interest income payable on securities, could impose exchange controls or adopt other restrictions that could affect a Fund’s investments.

 

Regulatory Risk. Foreign companies not publicly traded in the U.S. are not subject to the regulatory requirements of U.S. companies. There may be less publicly available information about such companies. Foreign companies are not subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies.

 

Foreign Tax Risk. The Funds’ income from foreign issuers may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. The Funds may also be subject to taxes on trading profits or on transfers of securities in some countries. To the extent foreign income taxes are paid by the Funds, shareholders may not be entitled to a credit or deduction for U.S. tax purposes.

 

Transaction Costs. Transaction costs of buying and selling foreign securities, including brokerage, tax and custody charges, are generally higher than those of domestic transactions.

 

Emerging Markets. The Funds may invest in securities issued by companies domiciled in countries with emerging markets. Investing in securities of issuers domiciled in countries with emerging securities markets entail greater risks than investing in securities of issuers domiciled in countries with more mature securities markets. These risks may include (i) less social, political and economic stability; (ii) small current size of markets for such securities and low or nonexistent trading volume, which result in lack of liquidity and greater price volatility; (iii) certain national policies which may restrict the Funds’ investment opportunities, including restrictions on investments in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; (iv) foreign taxation; and (v) the absence of developed structures governing private or foreign investment or allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property.

 

Illiquid Securities. Under SEC rules, an investment in a security is generally deemed to be “illiquid” if it cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which such security is valued by the Funds.

 

The Board has authorized the Adviser to make liquidity determinations with respect to certain securities, including Rule 144A securities. A foreign security that may be freely traded on or through the facilities of an offshore exchange or other established offshore securities market is not deemed to be an illiquid security.

 

Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities including “restricted” securities and private placements for which there is no public market value.

 

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Securities in which a Fund may invest include securities issued by corporations without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), such as securities issued in reliance on the so-called “private placement” exemption from registration which is afforded by Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act (“Section 4(2) securities”). Section 4(2) securities are restricted as to disposition under the Federal securities laws, and generally are sold to institutional investors such as the Funds who agree that they are purchasing the securities for investment and not with a view to public distribution. Any resale must also generally be made in an exempt transaction. Section 4(2) securities are normally resold to other institutional investors through or with the assistance of the issuer or investment dealers who make a market in such Section 4(2) securities, thus providing liquidity. Any such restricted securities will be considered to be illiquid for purposes of the Fund’s limitations on investments in illiquid securities unless, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board, the Adviser has determined such securities to be liquid because such securities are eligible for resale under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act and are readily saleable.

 

The fair value of these securities will be determined in accordance with Board-approved Pricing Policies and Procedures. Given the inherent uncertainties of estimating fair market value, there can be no assurance that the value placed on a security will be appropriate in terms of how the security may be ultimately valued on the public market. These securities may never be publicly traded and the Funds may not be able to easily liquidate positions in these securities.

 

If illiquid securities exceed 15% of a Fund’s net assets after the time of purchase, the Fund will take steps to reduce, in an orderly fashion, its holdings of illiquid securities. Because illiquid securities may not be readily marketable, the Adviser may not be able to dispose of them in a timely manner. As a result, the Fund may be forced to hold illiquid securities while their prices depreciate. Depreciation in the prices of illiquid securities may cause the net asset value of a Fund to decline.

 

Lending of Portfolio Securities. Consistent with applicable regulatory requirements, the Funds may lend their portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and financial institutions, in accordance with policies and procedures of the Trust, as may be adopted from time to time. The procedure for the lending of securities will typically include the following features and conditions. The collateral will consist either of U.S. Government securities or the borrower of the securities will deposit cash with the Fund in an amount equal to a minimum of 100% of the market value of the securities lent. The Fund will seek to invest the collateral in short-term debt securities, cash equivalents (or pooled investment vehicle interests in cash, cash equivalents and short-term debt instruments) and earn the income thereon. A negotiated portion of the income so earned may be paid to the borrower or the broker who arranged the loan. The collateral will be marked to market daily, and if the value of the collateral drops below the required minimum at any time, the borrower may typically be called upon to post additional collateral. These will be “demand” loans and may be terminated by the Fund at any time. The Fund will receive any dividends and interest paid on the securities lent, although the tax characteristics of such payment may change. The Fund’s performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned.

 

These transactions must be fully collateralized at all times, but involve some credit risk to the Fund if the borrower or the party (if any) guaranteeing the loan should default on its obligations. In the event of the default or bankruptcy of the other party to a securities loan, the Fund could experience delays in recovering the securities it lent. To the extent that, in the meantime, the value of the securities the Fund lent has increased or the value of the collateral decreased, the Fund could experience a loss. In the event of a default by the borrower, the Fund will, if permitted by law, dispose of such collateral except that the Fund may retain any such part thereof that is a security in which the Fund is permitted to invest.

 

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Although voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Fund, as the lender, generally retains the right to call the loans and obtain the return of the securities loaned at any time on reasonable notice, and it will attempt to do so in order that the securities may be voted by the Fund if the holders of such securities are asked to vote upon or consent to matters which the Adviser believes materially affect the investment; however, the Fund may not be able to recall the securities in time for the Fund to be the owner on the record date for determining shareholders entitled to vote or consent on the matter. The Fund may typically also call such loans in order to sell the securities involved.

 

Money Market Instruments. Each Fund may invest in a variety of money market instruments for pending investments, to meet anticipated redemption requests and/or to retain the flexibility to respond promptly to changes in market, economic or political conditions and/or when the Adviser takes temporary defensive positions, including when the Adviser is unable to locate attractive investment opportunities or when the Adviser considers market, economic or political conditions to be unfavorable for profitable investing. Money Market Instruments include, but are not limited to, the following instruments. Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by banks or bank holding companies, corporations and finance companies. Issues of commercial paper normally have maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return. A Fund may purchase commercial paper consisting of issues rated at the time of purchase by one or more appropriate nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSRO”) (e.g., Standard & Poor’s Corporation and Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.) in one of the two highest rating categories for short-term debt obligations. The Funds may also invest in commercial paper that is not rated but that is determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality to instruments that are so rated by an NRSRO that is neither controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the issuer of, or any issuer, guarantor, or provider of credit support for, the instruments. Certificates of deposit are generally negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank or a savings and loan association for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Bankers’ acceptances invested in by a Fund will be those guaranteed by domestic and foreign banks having, at the time of investment, capital, surplus, and undivided profits in excess of $100,000,000 (as of the date of their most recently published financial statements). Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties that vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party, although there is no market for such deposits. Bank notes and bankers’ acceptances rank junior to deposit liabilities of the bank and pari passu with other senior, unsecured obligations of the bank. Bank notes are classified as “other borrowings” on a bank’s balance sheet, while deposit notes and certificates of deposit are classified as deposits. Bank notes are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other insurer. Deposit notes are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation only to the extent of $250,000 per depositor per bank. Certificates of deposit and demand and time deposits will be those of domestic banks and savings and loan associations, if (a) at the time of investment the depository institution has capital, surplus, and undivided profits in excess of $100,000,000 (as of the date of its most recently published financial statements), or (b) the principal amount of the instrument is insured in full by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

 

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Mortgage-Related Securities. The Funds may, consistent with their investment objective and policies, invest in mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities or issued by nongovernmental entities.

 

Mortgage-related securities, for purposes of the Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information, represent pools of mortgage loans assembled for sale to investors by various governmental agencies such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) and government-related organizations such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), as well as by nongovernmental issuers such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers and private mortgage insurance companies. Although certain mortgage-related securities are guaranteed by a third party or otherwise similarly secured, the market value of the security, which may fluctuate, is not so secured. If a Fund purchases a mortgage-related security at a premium, that portion may be lost if there is a decline in the market value of the security whether resulting from changes in interest rates or prepayments in the underlying mortgage collateral. As with other interest-bearing securities, the prices of such securities are inversely affected by changes in interest rates. However, though the value of a mortgage-related security may decline when interest rates rise, the converse is not necessarily true, since in periods of declining interest rates the mortgages underlying the securities are prone to prepayment, thereby shortening the average life of the security and shortening the period of time over which income at the higher rate is received. Conversely, when interest rates are rising, the rate of prepayment tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the average life of the security and lengthening the period of time over which income at the lower rate is received. For these and other reasons, a mortgage-related security’s average maturity may be shortened or lengthened as a result of interest rate fluctuations and, therefore, it is not possible to predict accurately the security’s return to a Fund. In addition, regular payments received in respect of mortgage-related securities include both interest and principal. No assurance can be given as to the return a Fund will receive when these amounts are reinvested.

 

The Funds may also invest in mortgage-related securities which are collateralized mortgage obligations structured on pools of mortgage pass-through certificates or mortgage loans. Mortgage-related securities will be purchased only if rated in the three highest bond rating categories assigned by one or more appropriate NRSROs, or, if unrated, which the Adviser deems to be of comparable quality.

 

There are a number of important differences among the agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. Government that issue mortgage-related securities and among the securities that they issue. Mortgage-related securities issued by the GNMA include GNMA Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as “Ginnie Maes”) which are guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by GNMA and such guarantee is backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. GNMA is a wholly-owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA certificates also are supported by the authority of GNMA to borrow funds from the U.S. Treasury to make payments under its guarantee. Mortgage-related securities issued by the FNMA include FNMA Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as “Fannie Maes”) which are solely the obligations of the FNMA and are not backed by or entitled to the full faith and credit of the United States. FNMA is a government-sponsored organization owned entirely by private stockholders. Fannie Maes are guaranteed as to timely payment of the principal and interest by FNMA. Mortgage-related securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”) include FHLMC Mortgage Participation Certificates (also known as “Freddie Macs” or “PCs”). FHLMC is a corporate instrumentality of the United States, created pursuant to an Act of Congress, which is owned entirely by Federal Home Loan Banks. Freddie Macs are not guaranteed by the United States or by any Federal Home Loan Banks and do not constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or of any Federal Home Loan Bank. Freddie Macs entitle the holder to timely payment of interest, which is guaranteed by FHLMC. FHLMC guarantees either ultimate collection or timely payment of all principal payments on the underlying mortgage loans. When FHLMC does not guarantee timely payment of principal, FHLMC may remit the amount due on account of its guarantee of ultimate payment of principal at any time after default on an underlying mortgage, but in no event later than one year after it becomes payable. In September 2008, FNMA and FHLMC were placed into conservatorship overseen by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”). As conservator, FHFA will succeed to the rights, titles, powers and privileges of the company and any stockholder, officer or director of such company with respect to the company and its assets and title to all books, records and assets of the company held by any other custodian or third party. The conservator is then charged with operating the company.

 

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Under the direction of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have entered into a joint initiative to develop a common securitization platform for the issuance of a uniform mortgage-backed security (the “Single Security Initiative”), which would generally align the characteristics of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac certificates. The Single Security Initiative was launched in June 2019, and as of this time, the long-term effects it may have on the market for mortgage-backed securities remains uncertain.

 

Municipal Obligations. The Funds may invest in municipal securities whose interest, in the opinion of the securities’ counsel, is exempt from federal income tax and from the federal alternative minimum tax. Neither the Adviser nor a Fund guarantees that this opinion is correct, and there is no assurance that the IRS will agree with such counsel’s opinion. If certain types of investments the Fund buys as tax-exempt are later ruled to be taxable, a portion of the Fund’s income could be taxable. A Fund would be eligible to pay dividends in any year that are tax exempt in the hands of the Fund’s shareholders only if, at the end of each quarter of the year, at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets consistent of obligations that are exempt under Section 103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). There is no expectation that this requirement will be satisfied for any Fund. To the extent that a Fund invests in municipal securities from a given state or geographic region, its share price and performance could be affected by local, state and regional factors, including erosion of the tax base and changes in the economic climate. National governmental actions, such as the elimination of tax-exempt status, also could affect performance. A Fund may be more sensitive to adverse economic, business or political developments if it invests a substantial portion of its assets in municipal securities financing similar projects. A change that affects one project, such as proposed legislation on the financing of the project, a shortage of the materials needed for the project, or a declining need for the project, may affect similar projects and the overall municipal securities market.

 

Non-investment Grade Securities. The Funds may invest up to 10% of their total assets in non-investment grade securities subject to the following. Such securities include high yield (junk) bonds, convertible bonds, preferred stocks and convertible preferred stocks.

 

Non-investment grade bonds are debt securities rated Ba or lower by Moody’s or BB or lower by S&P. They generally offer greater returns in the form of higher average yields than investment grade debt securities (rated Baa or higher by Moody’s or BBB or higher by S&P). Non-investment grade debt securities involve greater risks than investment grade debt securities including greater sensitivity to changes in interest rates, the economy, the issuer’s solvency and liquidity in the secondary trading market. See Appendix A for a description of corporate bond ratings.

 

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Yields on non-investment grade debt securities will fluctuate over time. The prices of non-investment grade debt securities have been found to be less sensitive to interest rate changes than investment grade debt securities, but more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual issuer developments. During an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress which would adversely affect their ability to pay principal and interest obligations, meet projected business goals and to obtain additional financing. If the issuer of a debt security held by a Fund defaulted, the Fund might incur additional expenses seeking to recover the issuer’s defaulted obligation. In addition, periods of economic uncertainty and changes can be expected to result in increased volatility of market prices of non-investment grade debt securities and a Fund’s net asset value. Furthermore, the market prices of non-investment grade debt securities structured as zero coupon or payment-in-kind securities are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes and tend to be more volatile than securities that pay interest periodically and in cash.

 

Non-investment grade debt securities present risks based on payment expectations. For example, they may contain redemption or call provisions. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a declining interest rate market, a Fund would have to replace the security with a lower-yielding security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. A high-yielding security’s value will decrease in a rising interest rate market and will result in a corresponding decrease in the value of a Fund’s assets. Unexpected net redemptions may force a Fund to sell securities including, but not limited to, non-investment grade debt securities, without regard to their investment merits, thereby decreasing the asset base upon which a Fund’s expenses can be spread and possibly reducing the rate of return.

 

To the extent that there is no established secondary market, there may be thin trading of non-investment grade securities, including high yield bonds, convertible bonds, preferred stocks and convertible preferred stocks held by a Fund. This may adversely affect the ability of the Adviser or the Funds’ Board of Trustees to accurately value a Fund’s non-investment grade securities and a Fund’s assets and may also adversely affect a Fund’s ability to dispose of the securities. In the absence of an established secondary market, valuing securities becomes more difficult and judgment plays a greater role in valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and liquidity of non-investment grade securities, especially in a thinly traded market. Illiquid or restricted non-investment grade securities purchased by a Fund may involve special registration responsibilities, liabilities and costs, and liquidity and valuation difficulties.

 

Certain risks are associated with applying ratings as a method for evaluating non-investment grade securities. For example, credit ratings for bonds evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of such securities. Credit rating agencies may fail to timely change credit ratings to reflect subsequent events. The Adviser continuously monitors the issuers of non-investment grade debt securities held by a Fund to determine if the issuers will have sufficient cash flow and profits to meet required principal and interest payments and to assure the securities’ liquidity. A Fund may be more dependent upon the Adviser’s own analysis of non-investment grade securities than is the case for investment grade securities. Also, a Fund may retain a portfolio security whose rating has been changed if the security otherwise meets a Fund’s investment criteria.

 

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Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that the issuer of a debt security will fail to make payments on the security when due. Securities rated non-investment grade are particularly subject to credit risk. These securities are predominantly speculative and are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” To the extent a Fund purchases or holds convertible or other non-investment grade securities, a Fund may be exposed to greater risk that the issuer will not repay principal, or pay interest or dividends on such securities in a timely manner.

 

Ratings published by rating agencies seek to measure credit risk (Rating agencies’ descriptions of non-investment grade securities are contained in Appendix A of this SAI). The lower a bond issue is rated by an agency, the more credit risk it is considered to represent. Lower-rated bonds generally pay higher yields to compensate investors for the greater risk.

 

Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of a fixed-rate debt security will decline due to changes in market interest rates. Even though some interest-bearing securities are investments which offer a stable stream of income at relatively high current yield, the prices of such securities are affected by changes in interest rates and are therefore subject to market price fluctuations. The value of fixed income securities varies inversely with changes in market interest rates. When interest rates rise, the value of a Fund’s fixed income securities, and therefore its net asset value per share, generally will decline. In general, the value of fixed-rate debt securities with longer maturities is more sensitive to changes in market interest rates than the value of such securities with shorter maturities. Thus, if a Fund is invested in fixed income securities with longer weighted average maturities, the net asset value of a Fund should be expected to have greater volatility in periods of changing market interest rates.

 

Preferred Stock. The Funds may invest in preferred stock. Preferred stock, unlike common stock, may offer a stated dividend rate payable from the issuer’s earnings. Preferred stock dividends may be cumulative, non-cumulative, participating or auction rate. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline. Preferred stock may have mandatory sinking fund provisions, as well as call/redemption provisions prior to maturity, a negative feature when interest rates decline. For a description of preferred stock ratings, see Appendix A.

 

Real Estate Securities. The Funds may invest in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs pool investors’ funds for investment primarily in income producing real estate or real estate loans or interests. A REIT is not taxed on income distributed to shareholders if it complies with several requirements relating to its organization, ownership, assets, and income and a requirement that it distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its taxable income (other than net capital gains) for each taxable year. While there are many types of REITs, all REITs can generally be classified as Equity REITs, Mortgage REITs and Hybrid REITs. Equity REITs, which invest the majority of their assets directly in real property, derive their income primarily from rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs, which invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages, derive their income primarily from interest payments. Hybrid REITs combine the characteristics of both Equity REITs and Mortgage REITs. The Funds will not invest in real estate directly, but only in securities issued by real estate companies. The risks of investing in REITs include declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, dependency on management skill, heavy cash flow dependency, possible lack of availability of mortgage funds, overbuilding, extended vacancies of properties, increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, losses due to costs resulting from the clean-up of environmental problems, liability to third parties for damages resulting from environmental problems, casualty or condemnation losses, limitations on rents, changes in neighborhood values, the appeal of properties to tenants and changes in interest rates.

 

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In addition to these risks, Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while Mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally may not be diversified. REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers and self-liquidation. In addition, REITs could possibly fail to qualify for the beneficial tax treatment available to REITs under the Code, or to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower’s or a lessee’s ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting investments.

 

Repurchase Agreements. Each Fund may agree to purchase repurchase agreement securities from financial institutions (including clearing firms registered with the SEC that provide comparison, netting and settlement services to their members with respect to repurchase agreement transactions), and the corporate parents or affiliates of such financial institutions or clearing firms, subject to the seller’s agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price (“repurchase agreements”). Although the underlying securities’ collateral related to a repurchase agreement may bear maturities exceeding one year, the term and settlement for the repurchase agreement security will never be more than one year and normally will be within a shorter period of time (often one business day). Underlying securities’ collateral related to repurchase agreements is held either by the Funds’ custodian or sub-custodian (if any). The seller, under a repurchase agreement, will be required to maintain the value of the securities subject to the agreement in an amount exceeding the repurchase price (including accrued interest). Repurchase agreements may be considered loans to the seller, collateralized by the underlying securities. The risk to a Fund includes the ability of the seller to pay the agreed upon sum on the repurchase date; in the event of default, the repurchase agreement provides that a Fund is entitled to sell the underlying securities’ collateral. If the value of the collateral declines after the agreement is entered into, however, and if the seller defaults under a repurchase agreement when the value of the underlying collateral is less than the repurchase price, a Fund could incur a loss of both principal and interest. The Funds’ custodian monitors the value of the collateral at the time the action is entered into and at all times during the term of the repurchase agreement. This is done in an effort to determine whether the value of the collateral always equals or exceeds the agreed upon repurchase price to be paid to the Fund. If the seller were to be subject to a federal bankruptcy proceeding, the ability of a Fund to liquidate the collateral could be delayed or impaired because of certain provisions of the bankruptcy laws.

 

In addition, the Funds may invest in repurchase agreements for pending investments, to meet anticipated redemption requests, to retain the flexibility to respond promptly to changes in market, economic or political conditions and/or when the Adviser takes temporary defensive positions, including when the Adviser is unable to locate attractive investment opportunities or when the Adviser considers market, economic or political conditions to be unfavorable for profitable investing.

 

Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The Funds may borrow funds by entering into reverse repurchase agreements in accordance with that Fund’s investment restrictions. Pursuant to such agreements, each Fund would sell portfolio securities to financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers, and agree to repurchase the securities at a mutually agreed-upon date and price. A Fund intends to enter into reverse repurchase agreements only to avoid otherwise selling securities during unfavorable market conditions to meet redemptions. At the time a Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will place in a segregated custodial account assets such as U.S. Government securities or other liquid securities consistent with the Fund’s investment restrictions having a value equal to the repurchase price (including accrued interest), and will subsequently continually monitor the account to ensure that such equivalent value is maintained at all times. Reverse repurchase agreements involve risks relating to leveraging, discussed above under “Borrowing to Purchase Securities (Leveraging)” and the risk that the market value of the securities sold by a Fund may decline below the price at which a Fund is obligated to repurchase the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings by a Fund under the 1940 Act.

 

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Securities of Other Investment Companies. The Funds may purchase the securities of other investment companies, including foreign and domestic registered and unregistered open-end funds, closed-end funds, unit investment trusts and ETFs if the purchase is in compliance with the 1940 Act, rules thereunder or any exemptive relief in which a Fund may rely. As a shareholder of another investment company, a Fund would bear its pro rata portion of the other investment company’s expenses, including advisory fees. These expenses would be in addition to the expenses each Fund bears directly in connection with its own operations. If a Fund invests in securities of other investment companies, the return on any such investment will be reduced by the operating expenses, including investment advisory and administrative fees, of such investment companies. (Such Fund indirectly absorbs its pro rata share of the other investment companies’ expenses.) However, the Adviser believes that at times the return and liquidity features of these securities may be more beneficial than other types of securities.

 

Except as described in the following paragraph, the Funds currently intend to limit investments in securities issued by other investment companies so that, as determined immediately after a purchase of such securities is made: (i) not more than 5% of the value of a Fund’s total assets will be invested in the securities of any one investment company; (ii) not more than 10% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the aggregate in securities of investment companies as a group; and (iii) not more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company will be owned by a Fund. These limitations do not apply to investments in investment companies through a master-feeder type arrangement. In addition, to the extent allowed by law or regulation, a Fund may invest its assets in securities of investment companies that are money market funds, including those advised by the Adviser or otherwise affiliated with the Adviser, in excess of the limits discussed above.

 

With respect to a Fund’s investments in ETFs, pursuant to certain specific exemptive orders issued by the SEC to several ETFs, and procedures approved by the Board, an Equity Fund may invest in certain ETFs in excess of the limits described above, provided that the Fund has described ETF investments in its Prospectus and otherwise complies with the conditions of the applicable SEC exemptive orders, each as may be amended, and any other applicable investment limitations.

 

Short Sales. The Funds may make short sales of securities. Short sales are transactions in which a Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation of a decline in the market value of that security. The Fund must borrow the security to deliver to the buyer upon the short sale. The Fund is then obligated to replace the borrowed security by purchasing it at a later date. A short sale provides a possible hedge against the market risk of the value of other investments and protects a Fund in a declining market.

 

Short sales are subject to the risk that a Fund will incur a loss if the price of a security sold short increases between the date of the short sale and the date the Fund closes the short sale. Any gain on a short sale will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of the premium, dividends, interest or expenses the Fund may be required to pay in connection with a short sale. An increase in the value of a security sold short by a Fund over the price at which it was sold short will result in a loss to the Fund, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to close out the position at any particular time or at an acceptable price. Except in the case of short sales “against the box,” a Fund’s market risk is unlimited in that the potential for increase in the market price of the security sold short is unlimited. Short sales “against the box” mean that the Fund owns securities identical to those sold short.

 

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When a short position is closed out, it may result in a short-term capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. In a generally rising market, if a Fund maintains short positions in securities rising with the market, the net asset value of the Fund would increase to a lesser extent than if it had not engaged in short sales.

 

The Adviser may consider short selling when the Adviser finds companies it believes are substantially overpriced. Short selling may also be considered in arbitrage and hedge situations, and short selling might also be used under certain circumstances to defer taxes.

 

An eligible Fund will not engage in short sales of securities when these transactions would cause the market value of all of its securities sold short to exceed 15% of its net assets subject to the following. The value of the securities of any one issuer that may be shorted by a Fund is limited to the lesser of 5% of the value of the Fund’s net assets or 5% of the securities of any class of the issuer. All short sales must be fully collateralized. The Funds maintain the collateral in a segregated account with their custodian. The collateral consists of cash, U.S. government securities or any other liquid securities equal to the market value of the securities at the time of the short sale. The Funds will thereafter maintain, on a daily basis, the collateral to ensure that it is equal to the current market value of the securities sold short. Short sales against the box are not subject to the 15% limitation. A capital gain or loss is recognized immediately upon the sale of a short against the box. A Fund may only engage in short sale transactions in securities listed on one or more U.S. or foreign securities exchanges or on NASDAQ or Nasdaq.

 

Stripped Obligations. The Funds may purchase Treasury receipts and other “stripped” securities that evidence ownership in either the future interest payments or the future principal payments on U.S. Government obligations. These participations, which may be issued by the U.S. Government (or a U.S. Government agency or instrumentality) or by private issuers such as banks and other institutions, are issued at a discount from their “face value,” and may include stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”). Stripped securities, particularly SMBS, may exhibit greater price volatility than ordinary debt securities because of the manner in which their principal and interest are returned to investors.

 

SMBS are usually structured with two or more classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions from a pool of mortgage-backed obligations. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving all of the interest, while the other class receives all of the principal. However, in some cases, one class will receive some of the interest and most of the principal while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. If the underlying obligations experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal a Fund may fail to fully recoup its initial investment. The market value of the class consisting entirely of principal payments can be extremely volatile in response to changes in interest rates. The yields on a class of SMBS that receives all or most of the interest are generally higher than prevailing market yields on other mortgage-backed obligations because their cash flow patterns are also volatile and there is a greater risk that the initial investment will not be fully recouped.

 

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SMBS issued by the U.S. Government (or a U.S. Government agency or instrumentality) may be considered liquid under guidelines established by the Board of Trustees if they can be disposed of promptly in the ordinary course of business at a value reasonably close to that used in the calculation of a Fund’s per share net asset value.

 

The Treasury Department has facilitated transfers of ownership of zero coupon securities by accounting separately for the beneficial ownership of particular interest coupon and principal payments on Treasury securities through the Federal Reserve book-entry record-keeping system. A Fund may purchase securities registered in the STRIPS program. Under the STRIPS program, a Fund will be able to have beneficial ownership of zero coupon securities recorded directly in the book-entry record-keeping system in lieu of having to hold certificates or other evidences of ownership of the underlying U.S. Treasury securities.

 

In addition, the Funds may acquire U.S. Government obligations and their unmatured interest coupons that have been separated (“stripped”) by their holder, typically a custodian bank or investment brokerage firm. Having separated the interest coupons from the underlying principal of the U.S. Government obligations, the holder will resell the stripped securities in custodial receipt programs with a number of different names, including “Treasury Income Growth Receipts” (“TIGRs”) and “Certificate of Accrual on Treasury Securities” (“CATS”). The stripped coupons are sold separately from the underlying principal, which is usually sold at a deep discount because the buyer receives only the right to receive a future fixed payment on the security and does not receive any rights to periodic interest (cash) payments. The underlying U.S. Treasury bonds and notes themselves are held in book-entry form at the Federal Reserve Bank or, in the case of bearer securities (i.e., unregistered securities which are ostensibly owned by the bearer or holder), in trust on behalf of the owners. Counsel to the underwriters of these certificates or other evidences of ownership of U.S. Treasury securities have stated that, in their opinion, purchasers of the stripped securities most likely will be deemed the beneficial holders of the underlying U.S. Government obligations for federal tax purposes. The Adviser is unaware of any binding legislative, judicial or administrative authority on this issue.

 

Swap Agreements. The Funds may enter into credit default swaps, interest rate swaps and currency swaps. In a typical interest rate swap, one party agrees to make regular payments equal to a floating interest rate multiplied by a “notional principal amount,” in return for payments equal to fixed rate multiplied by the same amount, for a specified period of time. If a swap agreement provides for payments in different currencies, the parties might agree to exchange the notional principal amount as well. The credit default swap allows a Fund to manage credit risk through buying and selling credit protection on specific names or a basket of names. A “buyer” of credit protection agrees to pay a counterparty to assume the credit risk of an issuer upon the occurrence of certain events. The “seller” of credit protection receives a premium and agrees to assume the credit risk of an issuer upon the occurrence of certain events.

 

Swap agreements will tend to shift a Fund’s investment exposure from one type of investment to another. Depending on how they are used, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of a Fund’s investments and its share price and yield.

 

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Each Fund will segregate or earmark liquid assets to cover its net obligations under a swap agreement. In the case of swap agreements that do not cash settle, currently a Fund will typically set aside liquid assets equal to the full notional value of the swap agreement while the positions are open. With respect to swap agreements that do cash settle, however, a Fund may set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligations (i.e., the Fund’s daily net liability) under the swap agreement, if any, rather than their full notional value. Please see “Asset Coverage for Futures and Options Position” in this SAI.

 

Certain standardized swap transactions are currently subject to mandatory central clearing or may be eligible for voluntary central clearing. Central clearing is expected to decrease counterparty risk and increase liquidity compared to uncleared swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterpart to each participant’s swap. However, central clearing does not eliminate counterparty risk or illiquidity risk entirely. In addition depending on the size of a fund and other factors, the margin required under the rules of a clearinghouse and by a clearing member may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by a fund to support its obligations under a similar uncleared swap.

 

A Fund may enter into swaps with members of the Federal Reserve System, members of the New York Stock Exchange or other entities determined by the Adviser to be creditworthy.

 

United States Government Securities. To the extent consistent with their investment objectives, the Funds may invest in a variety of U.S. Treasury obligations consisting of bills, notes and bonds, which principally differ only in their interest rates, maturities and time of issuance. The Funds may also invest in other securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities. Obligations of certain agencies and instrumentalities, such as GNMA, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of FNMA, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase the agency’s obligations; still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing Association (“SLMA”), are supported only by the credit of the instrumentalities. Obligations of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (also known as the World Bank) are supported by subscribed, but unpaid, commitments of its member countries. There is no assurance that these commitments will be undertaken or complied with in the future.

 

In addition, in September 2008 FNMA and FHLMC were placed into conservatorship overseen by the FHFA. As conservator, FHFA will succeed to the rights, titles, powers and privileges of the company and any stockholder, officer or director of such company with respect to the company and its assets and title to all books, records and assets of the company held by any other custodian or third party. The conservator is then charged with operating the company.

 

Securities guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities are deemed to include: (a) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. government or an agency or instrumentality thereof; and (b) participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies that are so guaranteed. The secondary market for certain of these participations is limited. Such participations will therefore be regarded as illiquid. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so by law.

 

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U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protection Securities (TIPS). The Funds may invest in U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protection Securities. Inflation-protection securities are a type of marketable book-entry security issued by the United States Department of Treasury (“Treasury”) with a nominal return linked to the inflation rate in prices. The index used to measure inflation is the non-seasonally adjusted U.S. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (“CPI-U”).

 

The value of the principal is adjusted for inflation, and every six months the security pays interest, which is an amount equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted value of the principal. The final payment of principal of the security will not be less than the original par amount of the security at issuance.

 

The principal of the inflation-protection security is indexed to the non-seasonally adjusted CPI-U. To calculate the inflation-adjusted principal value for a particular valuation date, the value of the principal at issuance is multiplied by the index ratio applicable to that valuation date. The index ratio for any date is the ratio of the reference Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) applicable to such date to the reference CPI applicable to the original issue date. Semi-annual coupon interest is determined by multiplying the inflation-adjusted principal amount by one-half of the stated rate of interest on each interest payment date.

 

Inflation-adjusted principal or the original par amount, whichever is larger, is paid on the maturity date as specified in the applicable offering announcement. If at maturity the inflation-adjusted principal is less than the original principal value of the security, an additional amount is paid at maturity so that the additional amount plus the inflation-adjusted principal equals the original principal amount. Some inflation-protection securities may be stripped into principal and interest components. In the case of a stripped security, the holder of the stripped principal component receives this additional amount. The final interest payment, however, is based on the final inflation-adjusted principal value, not the original par amount.

 

The reference CPI for the first day of any calendar month is the CPI-U for the third preceding calendar month. (For example, the reference CPI for December 1 is the CPI-U reported for September of the same year, which is released in October.) The reference CPI for any other day of the month is calculated by a linear interpolation between the reference CPI applicable to the first day of the month and the reference CPI applicable to the first day of the following month.

 

Any revisions the Bureau of Labor Statistics (or successor agency) makes to any CPI-U number that has been previously released will not be used in calculations of the value of outstanding inflation-protection securities. In the case that the CPI-U for a particular month is not reported by the last day of the following month, the Treasury will announce an index number based on the last year-over-year CPI-U inflation rate available. Any calculations of the Treasury’s payment obligations on the inflation-protection security that need that month’s CPI-U number will be based on the index number that the Treasury has announced. If the CPI-U is rebased to a different year, the Treasury will continue to use the CPI-U series based on the base reference period in effect when the security was first issued as long as that series continues to be published. If the CPI-U is discontinued during the period the inflation-protection security is outstanding, the Treasury will, in consultation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics (or successor agency), determine an appropriate substitute index and methodology for linking the discontinued series with the new price index series. Determinations of the Secretary of the Treasury in this regard are final.

 

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Inflation-protection securities are held and transferred in either of two book-entry systems: the commercial book-entry system (TRADES) and TREASURY DIRECT. The securities are maintained and transferred at their original par amount, i.e., not their inflation-adjusted value. The Federal Reserve program was established by the Treasury Department and is known as “STRIPS” or “Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities.” STRIPS components are maintained and transferred in TRADES at their value based on their original par amount of the fully constituted security.

 

Variable Amount Master Demand Notes. The Funds may invest in variable amount master demand notes. Variable amount master demand notes are unsecured demand notes that permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary and provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate according to the terms of the instrument. Because master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between a Fund and the issuer, they are not normally traded. Although there is no secondary market in the notes, a Fund may demand payment of principal and accrued interest at any time within 30 days. While such notes are not typically rated by credit rating agencies, issuers of variable amount master demand notes (which are normally manufacturing, retail, financial and other business concerns), must satisfy, for purchase by a Fund, the same criteria as set forth above for commercial paper for a Fund. The Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flow, and other liquidity ratios of the issuers of such notes and will continuously monitor their financial status and ability to meet payment on demand. In determining average weighted portfolio maturity, a variable amount master demand note will be deemed to have a maturity equal to the longer of the period of time remaining until the next interest rate adjustment or the period of time remaining until the principal amount can be recovered from the issuer through demand.

 

Variable and Floating Rate Securities. The Funds may acquire variable and floating rate securities, subject to each Fund’s investment objectives, policies and restrictions. A variable rate security is one whose terms provide for the adjustment of its interest rate on set dates and which, upon such adjustment, can reasonably be expected to have a market value that approximates its par value. A floating rate security is one whose terms provide for the adjustment of its interest rate whenever a specified interest rate changes and which, at any time, can reasonably be expected to have a market value that approximates its par value. Such securities are frequently not rated by credit rating agencies; however, unrated variable and floating rate securities purchased by a Fund will be determined by the Adviser, to be of comparable quality at the time of purchase to rated instruments eligible for purchase under a Fund’s investment policies. In making such determinations, the Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the issuers of such notes (such issuers include financial, merchandising, bank holding and other companies) and will continuously monitor their financial condition. Although there may be no active secondary market with respect to a particular variable or floating rate security purchased by a Fund, the Fund may resell the security at any time to a third party. The absence of an active secondary market, however, could make it difficult for a Fund to dispose of a variable or floating rate security in the event the issuer of the security defaulted on its payment obligations and a Fund could, as a result or for other reasons, suffer a loss to the extent of the default. To the extent that there exists no readily available market for such security and a Fund is not entitled to receive the principal amount of a note within seven days, such a security will be treated as an illiquid security for purposes of calculation of such Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities, as set forth in a Fund’s investment restrictions. Variable or floating rate securities may be secured by bank letters of credit.

 

Warrants. The Funds may invest in warrants to participate in an anticipated increase in the market value of the security. A warrant entitles the holder to buy a security at a set price during a set period of time. If such market value increases, the warrant may be exercised and sold at a gain. A loss will be incurred if the market value decreases or if the term of the warrant expires before it is exercised. Warrants convey no rights to dividends or voting.

 

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When-Issued Securities. The Funds may purchase securities on a “when-issued” basis (i.e., for delivery beyond the normal settlement date at a stated price and yield). When a Fund agrees to purchase securities on a “when-issued” basis, a Fund’s custodian will set aside cash or liquid portfolio securities equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate account. Normally, a Fund’s custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy the purchase commitment, and in such a case, a Fund may be required subsequently to place additional assets in the separate account in order to assure that the value of the account remains equal to the amount of a Fund’s commitment. It may be expected that a Fund’s net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than when it sets aside cash. In addition, because a Fund will set aside cash or liquid portfolio securities to satisfy its purchase commitments in the manner described above, such Fund’s liquidity and the ability of the Adviser to manage it might be affected in the event its commitments to purchase “when-issued” securities ever exceeded 25% of the value of its total assets. Under normal market conditions, however, a Fund’s commitment to purchase “when-issued” or “delayed-delivery” securities will not exceed 25% of the value of its total assets.

 

When a Fund engages in “when-issued” transactions, it relies on the seller to consummate the trade. Failure of the seller to do so may result in a Fund’s incurring a loss or missing the opportunity to obtain a price considered to be advantageous. A Fund will engage in “when-issued” delivery transactions only for the purpose of acquiring portfolio securities consistent with such Fund’s investment objectives and policies and not for investment leverage.

 

Calculation of Portfolio Turnover Rate. The portfolio turnover rate for the Funds is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio investments for the reporting period by the monthly average value of the portfolio investments owned during the reporting period. The calculation excludes all securities, including options, whose maturities or expiration dates at the time of acquisition are one year or less. Portfolio turnover may vary greatly from year to year as well as within a particular year, and may be affected by cash requirements for redemption of shares. The Funds are not restricted by policy with regard to portfolio turnover and will make changes in investment portfolios from time to time as business and economic conditions as well as market prices may dictate.

 

INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS

 

Fundamental Investment Restrictions

 

The following is a description of the Funds’ fundamental investment restrictions. “Fundamental” restrictions are those that may not be changed without the vote of a majority of a Fund’s outstanding voting securities. Under the 1940 Act, the vote of a majority of the outstanding securities of a company means the vote, at the annual or a special meeting of the security holders of such company duly called: (A) of 67 percent or more of the voting securities present at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting securities of such company are present or represented by proxy; or (B) of more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting securities of such company, whichever is less.

 

In contrast, non-fundamental investment restrictions (which include the Fund’s investment objective and each of the other investment restrictions set forth in the Prospectus or this SAI) may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

 

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The percentages set forth below and the percentage limitations set forth in the Prospectus apply at the time of the purchase of a security and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of a purchase of such security.

 

For purposes of the fundamental restrictions set forth below, “total assets” means net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

Each Fund may not:

 

1.Purchase or sell real estate, provided that the Funds may invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies which invest in real estate or interests therein;

 

2.Purchase or sell physical commodities (including, by way of example and not by way of limitation, grains, oilseeds, livestock, meat, food, fiber, metals, petroleum, petroleum-based products or natural gas) or futures or options contracts with respect to physical commodities. This restriction shall not restrict the Funds from purchasing or selling any financial contracts or instruments which may be deemed commodities (including, by way of example and not by way of limitation, options, futures, and options on futures with respect, in each case, to interest rates, currencies, stock indexes, bond indexes or interest rate indexes) or any security which is collateralized or otherwise backed by physical commodities;

 

3.Make loans to other persons, except that each Fund may lend portfolio securities representing up to one-third of the value of its total assets. (The Funds, however, may purchase and hold debt instruments and enter into repurchase agreements in accordance with their investment objectives and policies.)

 

4.Underwrite securities of other issuers except insofar as the Funds may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933 in selling portfolio securities;

 

5.Invest more than 25% of total assets (taken at market value at the time of each investment) in the securities of issuers in any particular industry or group of industries;

 

6.Borrow money, except as permitted under the 1940 Act as interpreted or modified from time to time by any regulatory authority having jurisdiction; or

 

7.Issue senior securities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted or modified from time to time by any regulatory authority having jurisdiction.

 

Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions

 

In addition to the foregoing fundamental investment policies, the Funds are also subject to the following non-fundamental restrictions and policies. These, and other non-fundamental investment restrictions disclosed elsewhere in the prospectus or in this statement of additional information may be changed at any time by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval.. For purposes of the non-fundamental restrictions set forth below, “total assets” means net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

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Each Fund will not:

 

1.Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or management;

 

2.Invest in other investment companies except to the extent permitted by 1940 Act, rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief granted by the SEC pursuant to which the Fund can rely;

 

3.Invest more than 15% of its net assets in all forms of illiquid investments, as determined pursuant to applicable SEC rules and interpretations;

 

4.Purchase or sell interests in oil, gas or other mineral exploration or development programs, although they may invest in the securities of issuers which invest in or sponsor such programs;

 

5.Invest more than 10% of its total assets (taken at market value at the time of each investment) in Special Situations, i.e., companies in the process of reorganization or buy-out);

 

6.Engage in short sales of securities when these transactions would cause the market value of all of a Fund’s securities sold short to exceed 15% of its net assets; or

 

7.Purchase securities on margin, except that the Fund may obtain such short-term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of transactions.

 

If any percentage restriction or requirement described above is satisfied at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in such percentage resulting from a change in asset value will not constitute a violation of such restriction or requirement. However, should a change in net asset value or other external events cause a Fund’s investments in illiquid securities, repurchase agreements with maturities in excess of seven days and other instruments in such Fund which are not readily marketable to exceed the limit set forth in such Fund’s Prospectus or herein for its investment in illiquid securities, the Fund will act to cause the aggregate amount of such securities to come within such limit as soon as reasonably practicable.

 

Any investment restriction or limitation, fundamental or otherwise, appearing in the Prospectus or SAI, which involves a maximum percentage of securities or assets shall not be considered to be violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after an acquisition of securities or utilization of assets, and such excess results therefrom.

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

This Policy sets forth the conditions under which Portfolio Holdings data for the Trust on behalf of the Funds may be disclosed to Third Parties (which may include the public) and Service Providers. No data about the Fund may be disclosed except in accordance with this Policy.

 

Portfolio Holdings data includes, but is not limited to, the following information about the Funds: (i) specific securities held; (ii) industry sector breakdowns as a percentage of portfolio net assets; (iii) asset composition (e.g., equities versus bonds); (iv) U.S. versus foreign holdings percentage breakdowns and regional breakdowns (e.g., Asia, North America); and (v) top 10 portfolio holdings in order of position size, including percentage of portfolio.

 

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“Third Parties” or a “Third Party” means a person other than a Service Provider, an employee of a Service Provider, a Trustee of the Board, or an officer of the Funds.

 

“Service Providers” or a “Service Provider” includes, but is not limited to, the investment adviser, sub-adviser, administrator, custodian, transfer agent, fund accountant, principal underwriter, software or technology service providers, pricing and proxy voting service providers, research and trading service providers, auditors, accountants, and legal counsel, or any other entity that has a need to know such information in order to fulfill their contractual obligations to provide services to the Funds.

 

Policy Overview

 

The Board has adopted, on behalf of the Funds, policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Portfolio Holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to protect the confidentiality of the Portfolio Holdings’ information and to prevent the selective disclosure of such information. These policies and procedures may be modified at any time with the approval of the Board.

 

In order to protect the Funds from any trading practices or other use by a Third Party that could harm the Fund, Portfolio Holdings’ and other Fund-specific information must not be selectively released or disclosed except under the circumstances described below.

 

The Board will periodically review the list of entities that have received, other than through public channels, Portfolio Holdings data, to ensure that the disclosure of the information was in the best interest of shareholders, identify any potential for conflicts of interest and evaluate the effectiveness of its current portfolio holding policy.

 

The identity of such entities is provided below:

 

Name of Recipient

Frequency of

Holdings Disclosure

Information

Lag

Date of

Information

Date Provided

to Recipients

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC

(Adviser)

Daily None Daily Daily

ALPS Fund Services, Inc.

(Administrator)

Daily None Daily Daily

Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., (“BBH & Co.”)
(Custodian)

Daily None Daily Daily

Deloitte & Touche LLP

(Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm)

As needed None As needed As needed

Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP

(Counsel)

As needed None As needed As needed

 

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Only officers of the Funds and their authorized agents, including, but not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer of the investment adviser, may approve the disclosure of a Fund’s Portfolio Holdings. Except as set forth under “Policy Exceptions” below, exceptions to this Policy may only be made if an officer of a Fund and its authorized agents, including, but not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer of the investment adviser, determines that the disclosure is being made for a legitimate business purpose and such disclosures must be documented and reported to the Board on a quarterly basis. In all cases, Third Parties and Service Providers are required to execute a non-disclosure agreement requiring the recipient to keep confidential any Portfolio Holdings data received and not to trade on the Confidential Portfolio Information (defined below) received. Neither the Trust nor its Service Providers (nor any persons affiliated with either) can receive any compensation or other consideration in connection with the sharing of a Fund’s Portfolio Holdings.

 

Disclosure of the Portfolio Holdings’ information that is not publicly available (“Confidential Portfolio Information”) may be made to Service Providers. In addition, to the extent permitted under applicable law, the investment adviser may distribute (or authorize the custodian or principal underwriter to distribute) Confidential Portfolio Information to the Fund’s relevant Service Providers and to facilitate the review of the Fund by certain mutual fund analysts and ratings agencies (such as Morningstar and Lipper Analytical Services) (“Rating Agencies”); provided that such disclosure is limited to the information that the investment adviser believes is reasonably necessary in connection with the services to be provided. As noted above, except to the extent permitted under this Policy, Confidential Portfolio Information may not be disseminated for compensation or other consideration.

 

Before any disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information to Service Providers or Rating Agencies is permitted, the applicable Fund’s investment adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer (or persons designated by the investment adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer) must determine in writing that, under the circumstances, the disclosure is being made for a legitimate business purpose. Furthermore, the recipient of Confidential Portfolio Information by a Service Provider or Rating Agency must be subject to a written confidentiality agreement that prohibits any trading upon the Confidential Portfolio Information or the recipient must be subject to professional or ethical obligations not to disclose or otherwise improperly use the information, such as would apply to independent registered public accounting firms or legal counsel.

 

The Fund’s investment adviser shall have primary responsibility for ensuring that the Portfolio Holdings’ information is disclosed only in accordance with this Policy. As part of this responsibility, the Fund’s investment adviser will maintain such internal policies and procedures as it believes are reasonably necessary for preventing the unauthorized disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information.

 

Portfolio Holdings

 

The disclosure policy currently authorizes the monthly dissemination of full portfolio holdings of the Fund as well as top 10 portfolio holdings with a sixty (60) calendar day lag. Except as set forth in this Policy, the full holdings of the Fund will also be disclosed on a quarterly basis on forms required to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as follows: (i) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of each fiscal year will be filed as part of the annual report filed on Form N-CSR; (ii) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of the first and third fiscal quarters will be filed in Form N-Q; and (iii) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of the second fiscal quarter will be filed as part of the semi-annual report filed on Form N-CSR. Form N-Q is being rescinded. Once Form N-Q is rescinded, disclosure of the Fund’s complete holdings will be required to be made monthly on Form N-PORT no later than 60 days after the end of each month, with information reported on Form N-PORT for the third month of the fiscal quarter made publicly available by the SEC 60 days after the end of the Fund’s fiscal quarter. The Trust’s Form N-CSRs and Form N-Qs are available (and the Trust’s Form N-PORTs will be available) at www.sec.gov.

 

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Aggregate Portfolio Characteristics

 

Aggregate portfolio characteristics may be made available without a delay. Examples of aggregate portfolio characteristics include (1) the allocation of the Fund’s portfolio holdings and other investment positions among various asset classes, sectors, industries, and countries, (2) the characteristics of the stock and bond components of the Fund’s portfolio holdings and other investment positions, (3) the attribution of Fund returns by asset class, sector, industry, and country, and (4) the volatility characteristics of the Fund. The Funds may from time to time elect to not provide aggregate portfolio characteristics in the Funds’ sole discretion.

 

Policy Exceptions

 

The following disclosures of Portfolio Holdings are not prohibited by this Policy:

 

Disclosures that are required by law;

Disclosures necessary for Service Providers (defined above);

Disclosure necessary for Rating Agencies to assess applicable fund ratings.

Disclosures necessary to broker-dealers or banks as part of the normal buying, selling, shorting, or other transactions in portfolio securities

Disclosures to the applicable Fund’s or Service Providers’ regulatory authorities, accountants, or counsel;

Disclosures to the adviser of the Fund of compiled data concerning accounts managed by the adviser;

Any portfolio holdings that precede a full public disclosure (e.g., portfolio holdings that are dated prior to the most recent quarterly disclosure) are not considered to be sensitive, proprietary information of the Fund, and therefore are not subject to the aforementioned disclosure policies; or

Disclosure to certain consultants or analytic companies who calculate aggregate portfolio characteristics, of month-end portfolio holdings information without a delay; provided that the recipient acknowledges that they will keep the list confidential and not share the portfolio holdings with any other party or person before the expiration of the applicable 60-day lag.

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

 

Investment Decisions and Portfolio Transactions

 

Investment decisions for a Fund are made with a view to achieving its investment objectives. Investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular client involved (including the Fund). Some securities considered for investment by a Fund may also be appropriate for other clients served by the Adviser. Thus, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. If a purchase or sale of securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and one or more of these clients is considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities will be allocated among the Fund and clients in a manner deemed fair and reasonable by the Adviser. Particularly when investing in less liquid or illiquid securities of smaller capitalization companies, such allocation may take into account the asset size of the Fund in determining whether the allocation of an investment is suitable. The Adviser may aggregate orders for the Fund with simultaneous transactions entered into on behalf of its other clients so long as price and transaction expenses are averaged either for the portfolio transaction or for that day. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the security. In some instances, one client may sell a particular security to another client. It also sometimes happens that two or more clients simultaneously purchase or sell the same security, in which event each day’s transactions in such security are, insofar as possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which in the Adviser’s opinion is equitable to each and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each. There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more clients will have an adverse effect on other clients, including the Fund.

 

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Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices

 

The Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities, options and futures contracts and buys and sells such securities, options and futures for the Fund through a substantial number of brokers and dealers. In so doing, the Adviser uses its best efforts to obtain for the Fund the most favorable price and execution available, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions as described below. In seeking the most favorable price and execution, the Adviser, having in mind the Fund’s best interests, considers all factors it deems relevant, including, by way of illustration, price, the size of the transaction, the nature of the market for the security, the amount of the commission, the timing of the transaction taking into account market prices and trends, the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker-dealer involved and the quality of service rendered by the broker-dealer in that or other transactions.

 

The Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio investments for the Fund’s accounts with brokers or dealers selected by it in its discretion. The Adviser is responsible for negotiating and determining any commission rates to be paid for such transactions. The Adviser has no affiliated broker-dealer. In effecting purchases and sales of portfolio securities for the accounts of the Fund, the Adviser will seek the best price and execution of the Fund’s orders. In doing so, the Fund may pay higher commission rates than the lowest available when the Adviser believes it is reasonable to do so in light of the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker effecting the transaction, as discussed below. Although the Fund may use a broker-dealer that sells Fund shares to effect transactions for the Fund’s portfolios, the Fund will not consider the sale of Fund shares as a factor when selecting broker-dealers to execute those transactions.

 

There is generally no stated commission in the case of fixed-income securities and other securities traded on a principal basis in the over-the-counter markets, but the price paid by the Fund usually includes an undisclosed dealer commission or markup. In underwritten offerings, the price paid by the Fund includes a disclosed, fixed commission or discount retained by the underwriter or dealer. Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges and other agency transactions involve the payment by the Fund of negotiated brokerage commissions. Such commissions vary among different brokers. Also, a particular broker may charge different commissions according to such factors as the difficulty and size of the transaction. Transactions in non-U.S. securities generally involve the payment of fixed brokerage commissions, which are generally higher than those in the United States. The purchase by the Fund of participations or assignments may be pursuant to privately negotiated transactions pursuant to which the Fund may be required to pay fees to the seller or forego a portion of payments in respect of the participation agreement.

 

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Advisers or sub-advisers of investment companies and other institutional investors receive research and brokerage products and services (together, “services”) from broker-dealers which execute portfolio transactions for the clients of such advisers. Consistent with this practice, the Adviser receives brokerage and research products and services from many broker-dealers with which the Adviser places the Fund’s portfolio transactions. These services, which in some cases may also be purchased for cash, may include, among other things, such items as general economic and security market reviews, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities, recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities, and services related to the execution of securities transactions. The advisory fees paid by the Fund are not reduced because the Adviser receives such services even though the receipt of such services relieves the Adviser from expenses it might otherwise bear. Research and brokerage services provided by broker-dealers chosen by the Adviser to place the Fund’s portfolio transactions may be useful to the Adviser in providing services to the Adviser’s other clients, although not all of these services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser in managing the Fund. Conversely, brokerage and research products and services provided to the Adviser by broker-dealers in connection with trades executed on behalf of other clients of the Adviser may be useful to the Adviser in managing the Fund, although not all of these brokerage and research products and services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser in managing such other clients.

 

The Trust’s Board of Trustees has authorized the Adviser to pay a broker who provides research services commissions that are competitive but that are higher than the lowest available rate that another broker might have charged if the Adviser determines in good faith that the commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided. The provision of such services in exchange for brokerage business is commonly referred to as “soft-dollar arrangements.” Payment of higher commissions in exchange for research services will be made in compliance with the provisions of Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”) and other applicable state and federal laws. Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act defines “research” as, among other things, advice, directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities; and analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy and the performance of accounts. Research products and services provided to the Adviser by broker-dealers may include, among other things, databases, data services, certain software and publications that provide access to and/or analysis of company, market and statistical data and proprietary research and analysis. In addition, the Adviser may receive certain products and services which provide both research and non-research or administrative assistance (“mixed-use”) benefits, for example, software which is used for both portfolio analysis and account administration. In these instances, the Adviser makes a reasonable allocation as follows: the portion of such service of specific component which provides assistance to Adviser in its investment decision-making responsibilities is obtained from the broker-dealer with commissions paid on client portfolio transactions (including the Funds), while the portion of such services or specific component which provides non-research assistance is paid by the Adviser with its own resources.

 

The Adviser places portfolio transactions for other advisory accounts. Research services furnished by firms through which the Trust effects its securities transactions may be used by the Adviser in servicing all of its accounts; not all of such services may be used by the Adviser in connection with the Trust. In the opinion of the Adviser, the benefits from research services to each of the accounts (including the Funds) managed by the Adviser cannot be measured separately. Because the volume and nature of the trading activities of the accounts are not uniform, the amount of commissions in excess of the lowest available rate paid by each account for brokerage and research services will vary. However, in the opinion of the Adviser, such costs to the Trust will not be disproportionate to the benefits received by the Trust on a continuing basis.

 

33

 

The Adviser may place orders for the purchase and sale of exchange-listed portfolio securities with a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser where, in the judgment of the Adviser, such firm will be able to obtain a price and execution at least as favorable as other qualified broker-dealers. Pursuant to rules of the SEC, a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser may receive and retain compensation for effecting portfolio transactions for the Fund on a securities exchange if the commissions paid to such an affiliated broker-dealer by the Fund on exchange transactions do not exceed “usual and customary brokerage commissions.” The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” As required by applicable SEC rules, the Board has adopted procedures which are reasonably designed to provide that any commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to an affiliated broker are consistent with the foregoing standards.

 

The brokerage practices are monitored quarterly by the Board of Trustees including the Trustees that are disinterested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds.

 

During 2002 there was a shift in the brokerage industry toward trading securities in the over-the-counter market on agency or commission-equivalent basis rather than on a principal or net price basis. Over-the-counter (“OTC”) purchases and sales may be transacted directly with principal market makers or, under circumstances, on an agency basis if the Adviser believes that the interests of clients are best served by using a broker to execute OTC transactions where one or more market makers may not have the necessary liquidity and/or anonymity to fill the order. When the Adviser elects to transact in OTC securities on an agency basis, two transaction costs for a single trade may be incurred: a commission paid to the executing broker-dealer plus any mark-up or mark-down charged by the market making broker-dealer. The Funds also expect that securities will be purchased at times in underwritten offerings where the price includes a fixed amount of compensation, usually referred to as the underwriter’s concessions or discount. On occasion, purchases may also be made from the issuers. Purchases of new issues from underwriters of securities typically include a commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter.

 

Aggregation and Allocation of Trades

 

If the Adviser believes that the purchase or sale of a security is in the best interest of more than one of its clients (including the Funds), the Adviser may aggregate the securities to be purchased or sold to obtain favorable execution and/or lower brokerage commissions. In certain foreign markets, aggregation may occur at the broker level at the instruction of the Adviser. If an aggregate order is partially filled, the Adviser will allocate securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expense incurred in the transaction, on a pro-rata basis or in another manner it considers to be equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to its clients. Conflicts may arise in the allocation of investment opportunities among accounts (including the Funds) that the Adviser advises. The Adviser will seek to allocate investment opportunities believed appropriate for one or more of its accounts equitably and consistent with the best interests of all accounts involved; however, there can be no assurance that a particular investment opportunity that comes to the Adviser’s attention will be allocated in any particular manner. The Adviser will create a pre-allocation ticket (i.e., an “allocation statement”) prior to executing a block trade, typically using a rounding factor such as 100 shares. Accordingly, each order should state the accounts that will participate in any block trade and the intended allocation of the order among those accounts.

 

34

 

When an allocation statement is prepared:

 

(1) If a block trade is filled in its entirety, the shares must generally be allocated in accordance with the allocation specified in the order.

 

(2) If a block trade is partially filled, the shares are allocated using one of the methods below. In these situations, some Funds/Clients may receive their entire allocation and some Funds/Clients may not receive any allocation if their allocation is less than a de minimis amount.

 

§ Pro-Rata allocates shares based on the ratio of the filled shares to the order’s target. For example, if 50% of an order is filled, each Fund/Client gets 50% of the target. This means that larger accounts will get more shares. The pro-rata method may be used when there are no special considerations for distribution.

 

§ Leveling distributes shares so that each Fund’s/Client’s current actual percent position is equal. Leveling may be used to bring all accounts to a certain percentage of portfolio market value in a security. This means the accounts the farthest away from a target weight will receive a higher percentage of its pre-allocation shares than accounts closer to their target weights.

 

§ Random allocates shares by randomly selecting Funds/Clients and filling their targets until no shares are left. Random may be used when there is a large block with a small fill. By using the random method, a small portion would not be assigned to each Fund/Client.

 

§ Sequential fills each Fund’s/Client’s target based on portfolio detail (e.g., cash), and then moves on to the next Fund/Client until no shares are left. For example, if sequential is used when a buy order is partially filled and the first sort is based on cash, the Fund/Clients with the most cash will be allocated shares first.

 

It is understood that circumstances may arise which make pre-execution allocations impossible. Trades that are not allocated pre-execution will be allocated no later than the close of business on the trade date. All Funds/Clients must be fairly and equitably treated by any post-execution allocation of a trade.

 

From time to time, the Adviser is given the opportunity to purchase an allocation of shares in an initial public offering (“IPO”). These allocations may be offered to the Adviser in part as a result of its past usage of various brokerage firms or previous private investments. If the aggregate order is partially filled, the Adviser will generally allocate securities purchased in these offerings to client accounts (including the Funds) within the designated investment style(s) for which the security is best suited using a pro-rata or other method believed equitable by it, unless the total allocation to the Adviser or a particular investment style is de minimis.

 

Certain conflicts of interest may arise related to aggregated transactions. The Adviser will report to the Board of Trustees of the Funds the existence of all of the relevant facts relating to any material conflicts of interest between the Adviser, its other advisory accounts and the Funds in any aggregated transaction to allow the independent trustees to approve or ratify the mutual fund’s participation in the aggregated transaction, before or after the transaction. The Board of Trustees has approved written trade aggregation policies and procedures that seek to ensure that aggregated transactions are made in a manner that is fair and equitable to, and in the best interests of, the various funds and accounts. The Board of Trustees, in conjunction with the Adviser, will review the trade aggregation policies and procedures no less frequently than annually to seek to ensure that they are adequate to prevent any Fund from being systematically disadvantaged as a result of the aggregated transactions.

 

35

 

The following table lists the total amount of brokerage commissions paid by each Fund for the fiscal period noted:

 

Fund Name

For the Fiscal Year Ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal Year Ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal Year Ended

April 30, 2017

Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund $477,654 $703,724 $671,582
Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund $721,440 $797,312 $638,889
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund $423,961 $517,739 $483,197
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund $749,399 $848,854 $709,024
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund $190,416 $213,193 $139,018
Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund $640,827 $639,393 $403,513
Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund $43,890 $88,309 $51,928

 

For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, April 30, 2018 and April 30, 2017, no Fund had any transactions identified for execution primarily on the basis of research and other services provided to each Fund and therefore no related commissions.

 

The following tables list the total amount of brokerage commissions to brokers who were affiliated with the Funds or the Adviser during the fiscal period noted below:

 

Fund Name

For the Fiscal Year Ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal Year Ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal Year Ended

April 30, 2017

Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund $0 $0 $0
Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund $0 $0 $0
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund $0 $0 $0
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund $0 $0 $0
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund $0 $0 $0
Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund $0 $0 $0
Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund $0 $0 $0

 

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Each Fund may acquire securities of brokers who execute the Funds’ portfolio transactions. As of April 30, 2019, each Fund owned securities of its regular broker-dealers (or parents) as shown below:

 

Fund Name

Name of Broker-

Dealer

Market Value of

Securities Owned

Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund N/A N/A
Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund N/A N/A
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund N/A N/A
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund N/A N/A
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund N/A N/A
Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund N/A N/A
Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund N/A N/A

 

PURCHASE, EXCHANGE & REDEMPTION OF SHARES

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”), will maintain an account for each shareholder upon which the registration and transfer of shares are recorded, and any transfers shall be reflected by bookkeeping entry, without physical delivery. Confirmations of each purchase, exchange or redemption are sent to each shareholder. Quarterly statements of account are sent which include shares purchased as a result of a reinvestment of Fund distributions. The Transfer Agent will require that a shareholder provide requests in writing, accompanied by a valid signature guarantee form, when changing certain information in an account (i.e., wiring instructions, telephone privileges, etc.).

 

Share Classes

 

Shares of each Fund, except the Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund, are currently divided into two share classes – Investor Class and Institutional Class. The Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund only offers Institutional Class shares.

 

The assets received by each class of the Fund for the issue or sale of its shares and all income, earnings, profits, losses and proceeds therefrom, subject only to the rights of creditors, are allocated to, and constitute the underlying assets of, that class of the Fund. The underlying assets of each class of the Fund are segregated and are charged with the expenses with respect to that class of the Fund along with a share of the general expenses of the Fund and Trust. Any general expenses of the Fund that are not readily identifiable as belonging to a particular class of the Fund are allocated by or under the direction of the Trustees in such manner as they determine to be fair and equitable.

 

Purchase of Shares

 

The minimum initial investments in each share class are set forth in the Prospectus. There is no subsequent investment minimum for either share class.

 

Subsequent investments may be made at any time by mailing a check to a Fund’s Transfer Agent, along with a detachable stub from the Statement of Account (or a letter providing the account number). Shareholders should be sure to write the Fund’s account number on the check. Purchases of Fund shares (initial or subsequent) may not be made by third party check.

 

37

 

Shares of a Fund may be purchased on any business day at the net asset value per share next determined after receipt of a purchase order. Share certificates will not be issued. Share purchase orders are effective on the date a Fund receives a completed Account Application Form (and other required documents) and federal funds become available.

 

Initial and subsequent investments may also be made by electronic funds transfer or wire transfer. Shareholders should note that their bank may charge a fee in connection with transferring money by bank wire.

 

For a share purchase order for a Fund to become effective on a particular business day, prior to 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time): (i) in the case of a wire transfer payment, a purchaser must call a shareholder services representative at 855-377-PEAK(7325) to inform the Transfer Agent of an incoming wire transfer; or (ii) in the case of payment by check or money order, a complete share purchase order must be actually received by the Transfer Agent, and, in either case, federal funds must be received by the Transfer Agent, on behalf of the Fund. If federal funds are received by the Transfer Agent that same day, the order will be effective on that day. If a Fund receives notification of a wire transfer or a complete share purchase order after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time), or if federal funds are not received by the Transfer Agent, such purchase order shall be executed as of the date that federal funds are actually received.

 

The price of a Fund’s shares and the valuation of Fund assets are discussed in “Net Asset Value.”

 

Exchanging Shares

 

If you have held your shares in a Fund for at least seven days, you may exchange those shares for shares of any of the funds in Financial Investors Trust advised by Grandeur Peak (each, a “Grandeur Peak Fund”), if such Grandeur Peak Fund is available for sale in your state, is open to additional investments and meets the investment criteria of the investor:

 

Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund

Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund

Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund

Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund

Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund

Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund

Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund

 

If you are an existing shareholder of any Grandeur Peak Fund, you may exchange into a new account copying your existing account registration and options. Exchanges between accounts will be accepted only if registrations are identical.

 

Before effecting an exchange, you should read the Prospectus.

 

An exchange represents the sale of shares from one Fund and the purchase of shares of the other Fund. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, this may produce a taxable gain or loss in your non-tax-deferred account. If you exchange shares within 60 calendar days from their date of purchase, you may be subject to the redemption fee as described in this SAI in “Redemption Fees” below. Transfers between classes of a single Fund are generally not considered a taxable transaction and are not subject to the redemption fee.

 

38

 

The exchange privilege may be modified or terminated upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to shareholders. Although initially there will be no limit on the number of times you may exercise the exchange privilege, each Fund reserves the right to impose such a limitation. Call or write each Fund for further details.

 

Redemption of Shares

 

If the Board determines that it is in the best interests of the remaining shareholders of a Fund, a Fund may pay the redemption price in whole, or in part, by a distribution in kind from the Fund, in lieu of cash, taking such securities at their value employed for determining such redemption price, and selecting the securities in such manner as such Board may deem fair and equitable. A shareholder who receives a distribution in kind may incur a brokerage commission upon a later disposition of such securities and may receive less than the redemption value of such securities or property upon sale, particularly where such securities are sold prior to maturity. Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption.

 

Under the 1940 Act, each Fund may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for any period: (i) during which the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (ii) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; or (iii) during which (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or for such other periods as the SEC may permit. Each Fund may also suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of its shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions.

 

Redemption Procedures. Each Fund will redeem all full and fractional shares of the Fund upon request on any business day at the applicable net asset value determined after the receipt of proper redemption instructions, less any applicable redemption fees. Shareholders liquidating their holdings will receive upon redemption all dividends reinvested through the date of redemption. If notice of redemption is received on any business day, the redemption will be effective on the date of receipt. Payment will ordinarily be made on the next business day, but, in any case, within no more than seven business days from the date of receipt. If the notice is received on a day that is not a business day or after the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE, the redemption notice will be deemed received as of the next business day. The value of shares at the time of redemption may be more or less than the shareholder’s cost.

 

No redemption requests will be processed until a Fund has received a completed Purchase Application, and no redemption of shares purchased by check will be made until all checks received for such shares have been collected, which may take up to 15 days or more.

 

Redemption Fees. If you sell your shares of either Fund after holding them 60 calendar days or less, a 2% short-term redemption fee may be deducted from the redemption amount. For this purpose, shares held longest will be treated as being redeemed first and shares held shortest as being redeemed last. The fees are paid to the respective Fund and are designed to help offset the brokerage commissions, market impact and other costs associated with short-term shareholder trading.

 

39

 

The short-term redemption fee does not apply to: (i) redemptions of shares acquired by reinvesting dividends and distributions; (ii) rollovers, transfers and changes of account registration within the Fund as long as the money never leaves such Fund; and (iii) redemptions in-kind.

 

The Fund(s) also permits waivers of the short-term redemption fee for the following transactions:

 

Redemptions from shareholder accounts liquidated for failure to meet the minimum investment requirement;

Redemptions related to a disability as defined by Internal Revenue Service requirements;

Redemptions due to death for shares transferred from a decedent’s account to a beneficiary’s account;

Redemptions due to divorce for shares transferred pursuant to a divorce decree;

Redemptions of shares through a systematic withdrawal plan;

Broker-dealer sponsored wrap program accounts and/or fee-based accounts maintained for clients of certain financial intermediaries who have entered into selling agreements with the Distributor;

Redemptions through an automatic, non-discretionary rebalancing or asset allocation program;

Redemptions due to a back office correction made to an account to provide the shareholder with the intended transaction;

Rollovers, transfers and changes of account registration within a Fund as long as the money never leaves the Fund, including transfers between share classes;

Redemptions in-kind;

Redemptions due to reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gains;

Any involuntary redemption and/or exchange transactions, including, for example, those required by law or regulation, a regulatory agency, a court order or as a result of a liquidation of a Fund by the Board of Trustees;

Certain types of IRA account transactions, including redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, required minimum distributions, withdrawals due to disability or death, return of excess contribution amounts, and redemptions related to payment of custodian fees;

Certain types of employer-sponsored and 403(b) retirement plan transactions, including loans or hardship withdrawals, minimum required distributions, redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, forfeiture of assets, return of excess contribution amounts, redemptions related to payment of plan fees, and redemptions related to death, disability or qualified domestic relations order; and

Certain other transactions as deemed appropriate by the Adviser.

 

The application of short-term redemption fees and waivers may vary among intermediaries and certain intermediaries may not apply the waivers listed above. If you purchase or sell Fund shares through an intermediary, you should contact your intermediary for more information on whether the short-term redemption fee will be applied to redemptions of your shares.

 

Each Fund reserves the right to modify or eliminate the short-term redemption fee or waivers at any time. Investment advisers or their affiliates may pay short-term redemption fees on behalf of investors in managed accounts. Unitized group accounts consisting of qualified plan assets may be treated as a single account for redemption fee purposes.

 

40

 

Redemption By Mail. Shares may be redeemed by mail by submitting a written request from the registered owner(s) signed exactly as shares are registered. Signature guarantees by an acceptable guarantor are required to redeem amounts greater than $50,000 ($100,000 for corporate accounts) or to have proceeds sent to an address other than the address of record. The Transfer Agent has adopted standards and procedures pursuant to which signature-guarantees in proper form generally will be accepted from domestic banks, brokers, dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations, as well as from participants in the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program, the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (“STAMP”) and the Stock Exchanges Medallion Program. Shareholders with any questions regarding signature-guarantees should contact the Transfer Agent.

 

In certain instances, the Transfer Agent may require additional documents such as, but not limited to, trust instruments, death certificates, appointments as executor or administrator or certificates of corporate authority.

 

Checks for redemption proceeds will be mailed to the address of record within seven days of redemption.

 

Redemption by Electronic Funds Transfer. Redemption proceeds can be electronically transferred to a predesignated bank account on or about the second business day after receipt of a redemption request. There is no fee associated with this type of transfer.

 

Redemption By Wire. If redemption by wire has been elected in the Purchase Application, shares may be redeemed on any business day upon request made by telephone or letter. A shareholder or any authorized agent (so designated on the Account Application Form) must provide the Transfer Agent with the dollar or share amount to be redeemed, the account to which the redemption proceeds should be wired, the name of the shareholder and the shareholder’s account number. Shareholders should note that their bank may charge a fee in connection with transferring money by wire.

 

A shareholder may change its authorized agent, the address of record or the account designated to receive redemption proceeds at any time by providing the Transfer Agent with written instructions signature guaranteed as described above.

 

Telephone Redemption. A shareholder may request redemption by calling a shareholder services representative at 855-377-PEAK(7325). Proceeds from telephone redemptions will be forwarded to the shareholder by check unless the shareholder has requested redemption by electronic funds transfer or wire in the manner described above under “Redemption by Wire.” The check will be made only payable to the registered shareholder and sent to the address of record on file with the Transfer Agent. Each Fund reserves the right to refuse a telephone request for redemption if it is believed advisable to do so. Procedures for redeeming shares by telephone may be modified or terminated at any time by the Fund. Neither any Fund nor the Transfer Agent will be liable for following redemption instructions received by telephone which are reasonably believed to be genuine, and the shareholder will bear the risk of loss in the event of unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. Each Fund will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. The Fund and/or the Transfer Agent may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions if they do not follow such procedures. Each Fund may require personal identification codes.

 

41

 

Medallion Signature Guarantee

 

A Medallion Signature Guarantee assures that a signature is genuine. It is intended to protect shareholders and the Funds against fraudulent transactions by unauthorized persons. A signature guarantee is required if any of the following is applicable:

 

You request a redemption by check above $50,000 ($100,000 for corporate accounts);

You would like a check made payable to anyone other than the shareholder(s) of record.

You would like a redemption made within 30 days of an address change or bank account change.

You would like a redemption of shares purchased within the prior 90 days from a new bank account or updated bank account, regardless of payment instructions.

You would like a check mailed to an address other than the address of record.

You would like your redemption proceeds sent to a bank account other than a bank account of record.

 

The Funds reserve the right to require a signature guarantee under other circumstances or to reject or delay a redemption on certain legal grounds.

 

A signature guarantee may be refused if any of the following is applicable:

 

It does not appear valid or in good form.

The transaction amount exceeds the surety bond limit of the signature guarantee.

The guarantee stamp has been reported as stolen, missing or counterfeit.

 

How to Obtain a Medallion Signature Guarantee

 

Medallion Signature Guarantees must be obtained from a participant in a Medallion program endorsed by the Securities Transfer Association. Participants are typically commercial banks or trust companies in the United States, brokerage firms that are members of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. or members of the New York Stock Exchange. Call your financial institution to see if it participates in a medallion program.

 

A Medallion Signature Guarantee may not be provided by a notary public.

 

Rule 12b-1 Plans (Investor Class only)

 

As described in the Prospectus, each Fund has adopted a Rule 12b-1 plan for its Investor Class shares (the “Plan”). Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, the Plan (together with the Distribution Agreement) were approved by the Trust’s Board, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust (as defined in the 1940 Act) and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of the Plan or the Distribution Agreement. The principal types of activities for which payments under the Plan may be made include payments relating to the distribution and marketing of Investor Class shares. The Trust believes that the Plan may benefit the Trust by increasing net sales of the Funds (or reducing net redemptions), potentially allowing the Funds to benefit from economies of scale.

 

42

 

Under the terms of the Plan, the Trust is authorized to make payments to the Distributor, as defined later in this SAI, for remittance to retirement plan service providers, broker-dealers, bank trust departments, financial advisors, and other financial intermediaries, as compensation for distribution and/or shareholder services performed by such entities for their customers who are investors in the Fund. Financial intermediaries may from time to time be required to meet certain criteria in order to receive Rule 12b-1 fees. The Distributor is entitled to retain some or all fees payable under the Plan in certain circumstances (which may exceed actual expenses incurred), including when there is no broker of record or when certain qualification standards have not been met by the broker of record.

 

The Plan may be terminated by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the relevant class of shares of the Fund. The Plan may be amended by vote of the relevant Trustees, including a majority of the relevant Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose. Any change in the Plan that would materially increase the fees payable thereunder by the relevant class of shares of the Fund requires approval by a vote of the holders of a majority of such shares outstanding. The Trust’s Trustees review quarterly a written report of such costs and the purposes for which such costs have been incurred.

 

The Plan will continue in effect for successive one-year periods, provided that each such continuance is specifically approved (i) by the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees of the Trust who have no financial interest in the operation of the Plan and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the entire Board cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose.

 

Amounts Expensed Under the Rule 12b-1 Plan

 

For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, the total amounts paid by the Investor Class shares of each Fund to ADI (substantially all of which ADI paid out as compensation to broker-dealers and other service providers) under the Investor Class Plan are summarized below.

 

  Advertising and Literature

Printing and

Postage

 Payment to

Dealers

 Compensation to Sales Personnel  Total 12b-1 Payments
Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund - - $34,918   $34,918
Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund - - $386,938   $386,938
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund - - $145,036   $145,036
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund - - $163,226   $163,226
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund     $215,742   $215,742
Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund     $144,710   $144,710

 

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

The business and affairs of each Fund are managed under the direction of its Board. The Board approves all significant agreements between the Trust on behalf of a Fund and the persons or companies that furnish services to the Fund, including agreements with its distributor, Adviser, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. The day-to-day operations of each Fund are delegated to the Fund’s Adviser and administrator.

 

43

 

The name, address, year of birth and principal occupations for the past five years of the Trustees and officers of the Trust are listed below, along with the number of portfolios in the Fund complex overseen by and the other directorships held by each Trustee.

 

INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES

 

Name,

Address*

& Year of

Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of

Office** and

Length of

Time

Served

Principal

Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years***

Number

of

Funds in

Fund

Complex

Overseen

by

Trustee

****

Other

Directorships

Held by

Trustee During Past 5

Years***

Mary K. Anstine,

1940

 

Trustee and Chairman Ms. Anstine was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on March 21, 1997 and re-elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Ms. Anstine was appointed Chairman of the Board at the June 6, 2017 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Anstine was formerly an Executive Vice President of First Interstate Bank of Denver until 1994, President/Chief Executive Officer of HealthONE Alliance, Denver, Colorado, from 1994 to 2004, and has been retired since 2004. Ms. Anstine is also Trustee/Director of AV Hunter Trust and Colorado Uplift Board. Ms. Anstine was formerly a Director of the Trust Bank of Colorado (later purchased and now known as Northern Trust Bank), HealthONE and Denver Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America, and a member of the American Bankers Association Trust Executive Committee. 31 Ms. Anstine is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); ALPS Variable Investment Trust (9 funds); Reaves Utility Income Fund (1 fund); and Segall Bryant & Hamill Trust (14 funds).

Jeremy W. Deems,

1976

 

Trustee Mr. Deems was appointed as a Trustee at the March 11, 2008 meeting of the Board of Trustees and elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Deems is the Co-Founder, Chief Operations Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Green Alpha Advisors, LLC, a registered investment advisor, and Co-Portfolio Manager of the Shelton Green Alpha Fund. Prior to joining Green Alpha Advisors, Mr. Deems was CFO and Treasurer of Forward Management, LLC, ReFlow Management Co., LLC, ReFlow Fund, LLC, a private investment fund, and Sutton Place Management, LLC, an administrative services company, from 1998 to June 2007. From 2004 to 2005, Mr. Deems also served as Treasurer of the Forward Funds and the Sierra Club Funds. 31 Mr. Deems is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); ALPS Variable Investment Trust (9 funds); Clough Funds Trust (1 fund); and Reaves Utility Income Fund (1 fund).

Jerry G. Rutledge,

1944

 

Trustee Mr. Rutledge was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Rutledge is the President and owner of Rutledge’s Inc., a retail clothing business. Mr. Rutledge is currently Director of the American National Bank. He was from 1994 to 2007 a Regent of the University of Colorado. 31 Mr. Rutledge is a Trustee of Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Equity Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Opportunities Fund (1 fund); and Principal Real Estate Income Fund (1 fund).

 

44

 

Name,

Address*

& Year of

Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of

Office** and

Length of

Time

Served

Principal

Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years***

Number

of

Funds in

Fund

Complex

Overseen

by

Trustee

****

Other

Directorships

Held by

Trustee During Past 5

Years***

Michael “Ross” Shell ,

1970

 

Trustee Mr. Shell was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Shell is Founder and CEO of Red Idea, LLC, a strategic consulting/early stage venture firm (since June 2008). From 1999 to 2009, he was a part-owner and Director of Tesser, Inc., a brand agency. From December 2005 to May 2008, he was Director, Marketing and Investor Relations, of Woodbourne, a REIT/real estate hedge fund and private equity firm. Prior to this, from May 2004 to November 2005, he worked as a business strategy consultant; from June 2003 to April 2004, he was on the Global Client Services team of IDEO, a product design/innovation firm; and from 1999 to 2003, he was President of Tesser, Inc. Mr. Shell graduated with honors from Stanford University with a degree in Political Science. 31 None.

  

INTERESTED TRUSTEE

 

Name,

Address*

& Year of

Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of Office**

and Length of

Time Served

Principal

Occupation(s)

During Past 5

Years***

Number

of

Funds in

Fund

Complex

Overseen

by

Trustee

****

Other

Directorships

Held by

Trustee During Past 5

Years***

Edmund J. Burke,

1961

 

Trustee Mr. Burke was elected as Trustee at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Burke joined ALPS in 1991 and served as the President and Director of ALPS Holdings, Inc., and ALPS Advisors, Inc., and Director of ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (“ALPS”), and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. (collectively, the “ALPS Companies”). Mr. Burke retired from the ALPS Companies in June 2019. Mr. Burke is deemed an interested Trustee by virtue of his prior positions with the ALPS Companies. 31 Mr. Burke is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Equity Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Opportunities Fund (1 fund); Clough Funds Trust (1 fund); Liberty All-Star Equity Fund (1 fund); and Director of the Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc. (1 fund).

 

45

 

OFFICERS

 

Name, Address* & Year of Birth Position(s) Held with  Fund Term of Office** and Length of Time Served Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years***
Bradley J. Swenson, 1972 President Mr. Swenson was elected President of the Trust at the June 11 – 12, 2019 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Mr. Swenson joined ALPS in 2004 and has served as its President since June 2019. In this role, he serves as an officer to certain other closed-end and open-end investment companies. He previously served as the Chief Operating Officer of ALPS (2015-2019). Mr. Swenson also previously served as Chief Compliance Officer to ALPS, its affiliated entities, and to certain ETF, closed-end and open-end investment companies (2004-2015). Because of his position with ALPS, Mr. Swenson is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act.

Kimberly R. Storms,

1972

 

Treasurer Ms. Storms was elected Treasurer of the Trust at the March 12, 2013 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Storms is Senior Vice President - Director of Fund Administration of ALPS. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Storms is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Storms is also Treasurer of Liberty All-Star Equity Fund, Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc. and ALPS Series Trust. Ms. Storms also serves as a Board member and Treasurer of The Center for Trauma & Resilience, a nonprofit agency.

Karen S. Gilomen,

1970

 

Secretary Ms. Gilomen was elected Secretary of the Trust at the December 13, 2016 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Gilomen joined ALPS in August 2016 as Vice President and Senior Counsel. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Gilomen was Vice President - General Counsel & CCO of Monticello Associates, Inc. from 2010 to 2016. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Gilomen is deemed an affiliate of the Trust, as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Gilomen is also the Secretary of ALPS Variable Investment Trust and Reaves Utility Income Fund, and the Assistant Secretary of the WesMark Funds.

Ted Uhl,

1974

 

Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) Mr. Uhl was appointed CCO of the Trust at the June 8, 2010 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

Mr. Uhl joined ALPS in October 2006, and is currently Deputy Compliance Officer of ALPS. Prior to his current role, Mr. Uhl served as Senior Risk Manager for ALPS from October 2006 until June 2010. Before joining ALPS, Mr. Uhl served a Sr. Analyst with Enenbach and Associates (RIA), and a Sr. Financial Analyst at Sprint. Because of his position with ALPS, Mr. Uhl is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Mr. Uhl is also CCO of the Boulder Growth & Income Fund, Inc., Centre Funds, Axonic Alternative Income Fund, Index Funds, Reality Shares ETF Trust, Reaves Utility Income Fund and XAI Octagon Floating Rate & Alternative Income Term Trust..

Jennell Panella,

1974

 

Assistant Treasurer Ms. Panella was elected Assistant Treasurer of the Trust at the September 15, 2015 meeting of the Board of Trustees Ms. Panella joined ALPS in June 2012 and is currently Fund Controller of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Panella served as Financial Reporting Manager for Parker Global Strategies, LLC (2009-2012). Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Panella is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Panella also serves as Assistant Treasurer of James Advantage Funds.

Sharon Akselrod,

1974

 

Assistant Secretary Ms. Akselrod was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the September 15, 2015 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Akselrod joined ALPS in August 2014 and is currently Senior Investment Company Act Paralegal of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Akselrod served as Corporate Governance and Regulatory Associate for Nordstrom fsb (2013-2014) and Senior Legal Assistant – Legal Manager for AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company (2008-2013). Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Akselrod is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Akselrod is also Secretary of Principal Real Estate Income Fund and Assistant Secretary of ALPS ETF Trust and Clough Funds Trust.

 

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Name, Address* & Year of Birth Position(s) Held with Fund Term of Office** and Length of Time Served Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years***

Jennifer Craig,

1973

 

Assistant Secretary

Ms. Craig was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the June 8, 2016 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

 

Ms. Craig joined ALPS in 2007 and is currently Assistant Vice President and Paralegal Manager of ALPS. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Craig is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Craig is also Assistant Secretary of Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund, Clough Global Equity Fund, Clough Global Opportunities Fund, Liberty All-Star Equity Fund and Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc.

Sareena Khwaja-Dixon,

1980

 

Assistant Secretary Ms. Khwaja-Dixon was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the December 12, 2017 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

Ms. Khwaja-Dixon joined ALPS in August 2015 and is currently Senior Counsel and Vice President of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Khwaja-Dixon served as a Senior Paralegal/Paralegal for Russell Investments (2011 – 2015). Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Khwaja-Dixon is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Khwaja-Dixon is also Secretary of Liberty All-Star Equity Fund, Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc., Clough Funds Trust, Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund, Clough Global Opportunities Fund, and Clough Global Equity Fund.

 

* All communications to Trustees and Officers may be directed to Financial Investors Trust c/o 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, CO 80203.
**This is the period for which the Trustee or Officer began serving the Trust. Each Trustee serves an indefinite term, until such Trustees successor is elected and appointed, or such Trustee resigns or is deceased. Officers are elected on an annual basis.
***Except as otherwise indicated, each individual has held the office shown or other offices in the same company for the last five years.
**** The Fund Complex includes all series of the Trust (currently 31) and any other investment companies for which Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC provides investment advisory services, currently none.

 

Additional Information About the Trustees’ Qualifications and Experience

The following is a brief discussion of the specific education, experience, qualifications, or skills that led to the conclusion, as of the date of this SAI, that each person identified below should serve as a Trustee for the Trust.

 

Mary K. Anstine

 

Ms. Anstine has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since March 21, 1997 and Chairman since June 6, 2017. Currently retired, Ms. Anstine has over 30 years of financial services experience. Most recently, she was President and CEO of HealthONE Alliance, Denver, Colorado from 1994 through 2004. From 1964 to 1994, Ms. Anstine held positions leading up to Executive Vice President of First Interstate Bank. She was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on her business and financial services experience.

 

Jeremy W. Deems

 

Mr. Deems has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since March 11, 2008. In 2007, Mr. Deems co-founded Green Alpha Advisors, LLC, a registered investment adviser, for which he currently serves as Chief Operations Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to co-founding Green Alpha Advisors, Mr. Deems was CFO of Forward Management, LLC, investment advisor to the Forward Funds and Sierra Club Mutual Funds, where he was also co-portfolio manager to the Sierra Club Stock Fund. In addition, he was the CFO of ReFlow Management Co., LLC. Prior to joining Forward and ReFlow, he served as Regional Marketing Assistant within the Investment Consulting Services Group at Morgan Stanley Dean Witter. Mr. Deems received a B.S. and a MBA in finance from Saint Mary’s College of California and is a licensed Certified Public Accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services, accounting and investment management experience.

 

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Jerry G. Rutledge

 

Mr. Rutledge has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. Mr. Rutledge is the President and owner of Rutledge’s Inc., an upscale men’s clothing store, which he opened in 1967. Mr. Rutledge has over 40 years of business experience. He served on the CU Board of Regents from 1995 to 2007 and currently serves on the Board of American National Bank. Mr. Rutledge is a graduate of the University of Colorado. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business experience.

 

Michael “Ross” Shell

 

Mr. Shell has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. In 2008, Mr. Shell founded Red Idea, LLC, a strategic consulting/early stage venture firm, for which he currently serves as CEO. From 1999 to 2009, he was a part-owner and Director of Tesser, Inc., a brand agency, during which time he also served as Director, Marketing and Investor Relations, of Woodbourne, a REIT/real estate hedge fund and private equity firm. Prior to this, he worked as a business strategy consultant, he was on the Global Client Services team of IDEO, and he was President of Tesser, Inc. Mr. Shell graduated with honors from Stanford University with a degree in Political Science. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services and investment management experience.

 

Edmund J. Burke

 

Mr. Burke has been an Interested Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. Mr. Burke joined ALPS Fund Services, Inc., the Funds’ administrator, in 1991 and retired in 2019. He previously served as Director of ALPS Holdings, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc., ALPS Advisors, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc., the Funds’ principal underwriter, and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. Mr. Burke has over 20 years of financial services and investment management experience. Before joining ALPS, Mr. Burke was a Regional Vice President for the Pioneer Funds in Boston and has also worked with Fidelity. Mr. Burke has a B.A. in Economics from the University of New Hampshire. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services and investment management experience.

 

Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities

 

Overall responsibility for oversight of each Fund rests with the Trustees. The Trust has engaged the Adviser to manage each Fund on a day-to day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers in the operations of each Fund in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s charter. The Board is currently composed of five members, four of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board meets at regularly scheduled quarterly meetings each year. In addition, the Board may hold special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. As described below, the Board has established a Nominating and Governance Committee and an Audit Committee, and may establish ad hoc committees or working groups from time to time, to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities. The Independent Trustees have also engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.

 

48

 

The Board has appointed Mary K. Anstine, an Independent Trustee, to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with the Adviser, other service providers, counsel and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board reviews matters related to its leadership structure annually. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate given the Trust’s characteristics and circumstances. These characteristics include, but are not limited to, the Trust’s multiple series of fund shares, each fund’s single portfolio of assets, each fund’s net assets, the services provided by the funds’ service providers, the formal and informal functions of the various Independent Trustees both during and between Board meetings, the existence of the Trust for over 15 years and the long board service of some of the Independent Trustees, which in some cases date back to the inception of the Trust.

 

Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of the Funds and is addressed as part of various Board and Committee activities. As part of its regular oversight of the Funds, the Board, directly or through a Committee, interacts with and reviews reports from, among others, Fund management, the Adviser, the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer, the Funds’ legal counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds regarding risks faced by the Funds. The Board, with the assistance of Fund management and the Adviser, reviews investment policies and risks in connection with its review of each Fund’s performance. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Funds’ compliance program and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Funds and their principal service providers. In addition, as part of the Board’s periodic review of each Fund’s advisory and other service provider agreements, the Board may consider risk management aspects of these service providers’ operations and the functions for which they are responsible.

 

None of the Independent Trustees own securities in the Adviser or the Distributor, nor do they own securities in any entity directly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Adviser or the Distributor.

 

Audit Committee. The Board has an Audit Committee which considers such matters pertaining to the Trust’s books of account, financial records, internal accounting controls and changes in accounting principles or practices as the Trustees may from time to time determine. The Audit Committee also considers the engagement and compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm (“Firm”) and ensures receipt from the Firm of a formal written statement delineating relationships between the Firm and the Trust, consistent with Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Rule 3526. The Audit Committee also meets privately with the representatives of the Firm to review the scope and results of audits and other duties as set forth in the Audit Committee’s Charter. The Audit Committee members, each of whom are Independent Trustees are: Ms. Anstine and Messrs. Deems (Chairman), Rutledge and Shell. The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019.

 

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee meets periodically to advise and assist the Board in selecting nominees to serve as trustees of the Trust. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes the Board generally benefits from diversity of background, experience and views among its members, and considers this a factor in evaluating the composition of the Board, but has not adopted any specific policy in this regard. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also advises and assists the Board in establishing, implementing and executing policies, procedures and practices that assure orderly and effective governance of the Trust and effective and efficient management of all business and financial affairs of the Trust. Members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are currently: Ms. Anstine (Chairman) and Messrs. Deems, Rutledge and Shell. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board met once during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019.

 

49

 

Shareholder Nominations. The Board will consider shareholder nominees for Trustees. All nominees must possess the appropriate characteristics, skills and experience for serving on the Board. In particular, the Board and its Independent Trustees will consider each nominee’s integrity, educational and professional background, understanding of the Trust’s business on a technical level and commitment to devote the time and attention necessary to fulfill a Trustee’s duties. All shareholders who wish to recommend nominees for consideration as Trustees shall submit the names and qualifications of the candidates to the Secretary of the Trust by writing to: Financial Investors Trust, 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado, 80203.

 

As of December 31, 2018, the dollar range of equity securities in the Funds beneficially owned by the Interested Trustee were as follows:

 

Interested Trustee

Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Funds Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies
Edmund J. Burke None None

 

As of December 31, 2018, the dollar range of equity securities in the Funds beneficially owned by Independent Trustees were as follows:

 

Independent Trustees Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Funds Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies
Mary K. Anstine None $10,001 - $50,000
Jeremy W. Deems None None
Jerry G. Rutledge $50,001-$100,000 $50,001-$100,000
Michael “Ross” Shell None None

 

Remuneration of Trustees:

 

The Independent Trustees receive a quarterly retainer of $15,000, plus $6,000 for each regular or special in-person Board or Committee meeting attended, and $2,000 for each special telephonic Board or Committee meeting attended. The Chairman of the Board and the Chairman of the Audit Committee will also receive an additional quarterly retainer of $3,000. The Independent Trustees are also reimbursed for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, the Independent Trustees received the following compensation:

 

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  Aggregate Compensation
From the Trust
Pension Or Retirement Benefits Accrued As Part of Fund Expenses Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement Aggregate Compensation From The Trust And Fund Complex Paid To Trustees*
Mary K. Anstine $120,000 $0 $0 $120,000
Jeremy W. Deems $120,000 $0 $0 $120,000
Jerry G. Rutledge $106,000 $0 $0 $106,000
Michael “Ross” Shell $104,000 $0 $0 $104,000

 

* The Fund Complex includes all series of the Trust (currently 31) and any other investment companies for which any Trustee serves as trustee for and which Grandeur Peak provides investment advisory services (currently none).

 

No officer, trustee or employee of the Adviser or any of its affiliates receives any compensation from the Funds for serving as an officer or trustee of the Funds.

 

INVESTMENT MANAGER

 

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser” or “Grandeur Peak Global Advisors”), subject to the authority of the Trust’s Board of Trustees, is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Funds’ business affairs. The Adviser commenced business operations in July 2011 and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment adviser. The Adviser’s principal address is 136 South Main Street, Suite 720, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101.

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), The Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund, the Grandeur International Opportunities Fund, the Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund, the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, the Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and the Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund each pay the Adviser an annual management fee of 1.25%, 1.25%, 1.35%, 1.10%, 0.80%, 0.80% and 1.50% respectively, based on the Fund’s average daily net assets. The management fee is paid on a monthly basis. The current term of the Advisory Agreement is one year. The Board may extend the Advisory Agreement for additional one-year terms. The Board, shareholders of the Funds or the Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ notice. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the renewal of the Advisory Agreement is provided in the Funds’ semi-annual report to shareholders for the period ended October 31, 2018.

 

51

 

The tables below shows the management fees paid by each Fund to the Adviser for the periods indicated:

 

  For the Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2019
Fund Gross Advisory Fees Waiver of Advisory Fees Reimbursement of Other Expenses Recoupment of Waived Fees Net Advisory Fees
Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund $5,928,557 ($58,947) $0 $0 $5,869,610
Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund $572,289 ($25,568) $0 $6,202 $547,221
Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund $8,759,144 ($301,097) $0 $0 $8,458,047
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund $3,726,877 $0 $0 $0 $3,726,877
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund $1,500,212 $0 $0 $39,413 $1,500,212
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund $9,181,699 ($351,804) $0 $0 $8,829,895
Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund $4,529,100 $0 $0 $0 $4,529,100

 

  For the Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2018    
Fund Gross Advisory Fees Waiver of Advisory Fees Reimbursement of Other Expenses Recoupment of Waived Fees Net Advisory Fees
Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund $6,119,337 ($45,876) $0 $0 $6,073,461
Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund $610,902 ($27,510) $0 $3,378 $583,392
Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund $9,636,891 ($406,427) $0 $0 $9,230,464
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund $3,893,761 $0 $0 $0 $3,893,761
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund $1,188,576 ($576) $0

$118,610

 

$1,188,000
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund $10,860,044 ($553,205) $0 $0

$10,306,839

 

Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund $3,455,880 $0 $0 $0 $3,455,880

 

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For the Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2017
Fund Gross Advisory Fees Waiver of Advisory Fees

Recoupment of

Waived Fees

Net Advisory Fees
Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund $5,220,054 $0 $0 $5,220,054
Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund $8,004,135 ($149,794) $0 $7,854,341
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund $3,241,364 $0 $0 $3,241,364
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund $8,965,975 ($220,688) $0 $8,745,287
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund $566,716 ($45,295) $0 $521,421
Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund $1,647,792 $0 $51,467 $1,699,259
Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund $491,586 ($54,685) ($54,685) $436,901

 

As described in the Prospectus under “Fees and Expenses,” the Adviser has contractually agreed to limit certain of each Fund’s expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) for each of the Funds. The Grandeur Peak Emerging Market Opportunities fund will be limited to 1.95% and 1.70% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. The Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund will be limited to 1.75% and 1.50% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares respectively. The Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund will be limited to 1.60% and 1.35% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares respectively, The Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund will be limited to 1.75% and 1.50% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. The Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund will be limited to 1.35% and 1.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. The Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund will be limited to 1.35% and 1.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. The Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund will be limited to 2.00% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Institutional Class Shares. This agreement (the “Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that a Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Funds will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fee and expenses were deferred. The Expense Agreement may not be terminated or modified prior to August 31, 2020 except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

53

 

In addition, pursuant to the same Expense Agreement, the Adviser has contractually agreed, effective September 1, 2019, to waive, with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund and the Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund only, annual management fees to the extent such fees exceed 1.10% on assets above $500 million (the annual management fee rate with respect to such funds will remain 1.25% on the first $500 million in assets). The Adviser has also contractually agreed, effective September 1, 2019, to waive, with respect to the Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund only, annual management fees to the extent such fees exceed 1.20% on all assets above $400 million (the annual management fee rate with respect to the Fund will remain 1.35% on the first $400 million in assets). This waiver of management fees is not subject to recapture by the Adviser. These fee waivers may not be terminated or modified prior to August 31, 2020 except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser shall not be liable for losses or damages incurred by the Funds, unless such losses or damages are attributable to the willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Adviser or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties under the Advisory Agreement (“disabling conduct”). In addition, the Funds will indemnify the Adviser and its affiliates and hold each of them harmless against any losses or damages not resulting from disabling conduct.

 

DISTRIBUTOR

 

Shares of each Fund are offered on a continuous basis through ALPS Distributors, Inc. (an affiliate of ALPS) (“ADI” or the “Distributor”), located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, as distributor pursuant to a distribution agreement between the Distributor and the Fund. The Distributor is not obligated to sell any specific amount of Fund shares.

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

The Trust, the Adviser and the Distributor each have adopted a code of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics permit the personnel of these entities to invest in securities, including securities that the Fund may purchase or hold. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.

 

54

 

ADMINISTRATOR

 

Each Fund currently employs ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (an affiliate of ADI) (“ALPS” or the “Administrator”), located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, under an administration agreement to provide certain administrative services to the Funds. Information on the services provided by the Administrator is available in the Prospectus, which is incorporated by reference in this SAI.

 

The table below shows the administrative fees earned by ALPS for the periods indicated:

 

 

For the Fiscal Year Ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal Year Ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal Year Ended

April 30. 2017

Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund $165,642 $160,656 $155,407
Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund2 $40,324 $32,196 $27,530
Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund $249,331 $260,168 $243,342
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund $149,374 $141,186 $125,873
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund1 $77,638 $56,469 $31,565
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund $261,329 $291,947 $272,333
Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund1 $197,036 $144,440 $79,546

 

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

Although individual Board members may not agree with particular policies or votes by the Adviser, the Board has approved delegating proxy voting discretion to the Adviser believing the Adviser should be responsible for voting because it is a matter relating to the investment decision making process.

 

Attached as Appendix B are summaries of the guidelines and procedures that the Adviser uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities, including the procedures that the Adviser uses when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Adviser or any affiliated person of the Funds or the Adviser, on the other. This summary of the guidelines gives a general indication as to how the Adviser will vote proxies relating to portfolio securities on each issue listed. However, the guidelines do not address all potential voting issues or the intricacies that may surround individual proxy votes. For that reason, there may be instances in which votes may vary from the guidelines presented. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser always endeavors to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives. When applicable, information on how a Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent prior 12-month period ended June 30, will be available without charge, (i) upon request, by calling 855-377-PEAK(7325) and (ii) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

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Control Persons, Principal Shareholders and Management Ownership

 

To the best knowledge of the Trust, the names and addresses of the record and beneficial holders of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund and the percentage of the outstanding shares held by such holders are set forth below. To the best knowledge of the Trust, entities shown as owning more than 25% of the outstanding Shares of the Fund are not the beneficial owners of such Shares, unless otherwise indicated.

 

A shareholder who owns beneficially 25% or more of the outstanding securities of the Fund is presumed to “control” the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act. Such control may affect the voting rights of other shareholders. The following table provides the name and address of any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of each class of the Fund as of August 1, 2019:

 

Fund Shareholder Name and Address Percentage of Interest Type of Ownership
Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund - Investor Class

Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.

San Francisco, CA

54.32% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund - Investor Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

19.05% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund - Investor Class

TD Ameritrade, Inc.

Omaha, NE

8.36% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund - Institutional Class PNC Bank, N.A.
Pittsburgh, PA
5.62% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund - Institutional Class

Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.

San Francisco, CA

30.34% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund - Institutional Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

16.17% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund - Investor Class

Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.

San Francisco, CA

23.28% Record

 

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Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund - Investor Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

41.08% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund - Investor Class

TD Ameritrade, Inc.

Omaha, NE

25.72% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund - Institutional Class

Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.

San Francisco, CA

11.50% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund - Institutional Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

20.79% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund - Institutional Class

Abilene Christian University

Abilene, TX

5.03% Beneficial
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund - Institutional Class Lehigh University Investment Office
Bethlehem, PA
19.49% Beneficial
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund - Institutional Class

Edward D. Jones & Co., L.P.

Maryland Heights, MO

6.64% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund - Institutional Class SEI Private Trust Company
Oaks, PA
11.06% Record
Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund - Investor Class Vanguard Marketing Corporation
Malvern, PA
8.30% Record
Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund - Investor Class

TD Ameritrade, Inc.

Omaha, NE

6.58% Record
Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund - Investor Class Raymond James & Associates, Inc.
St. Petersburg, FL
8.36% Record
Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund - Investor Class

Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.

San Francisco, CA

31.13% Record
Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund - Investor Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

31.08% Record

 

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Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund - Institutional Class

Advocate Health Care Network

Downers Grove, IL

16.98% Beneficial
Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund - Institutional Class

Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.

San Francisco, CA

29.16% Record
Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund - Institutional Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

27.35% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund - Institutional Class

Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.

San Francisco, CA

22.58% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund - Institutional Class

TD Ameritrade, Inc.

Omaha, NE

5.99% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund - Institutional Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

12.68% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund - Institutional Class

Pershing LLC

Jersey City, NJ

5.44% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund - Investor Class Raymond James & Associates, Inc.
St. Petersburg, FL
24.17% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund - Investor Class Raymond James Financial Services
St. Petersburg, FL
7.83% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund - Investor Class

Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.

San Francisco, CA

26.26% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund - Investor Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

30.70% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund - Investor Class

TD Ameritrade, Inc.

Omaha, NE

7.08% Record

 

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Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund - Institutional Class

Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.

San Francisco, CA

30.40% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund - Institutional Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

25.86% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund - Institutional Class

TD Ameritrade, Inc.

Omaha, NE

13.54% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund - Institutional Class MSCS Financial Services, LLC
Denver, CO
5.41% Record
Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund - Institutional Class

Pershing LLC

Jersey City, NJ

5.78% Record
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund - Investor Class

Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.

San Francisco, CA

41.04% Record
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund - Investor Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

29.78% Record
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund - Investor Class

GWFS Equities, Inc.

Greenwood Village, CO

5.75% Record
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund - Investor Class

TD Ameritrade, Inc.

Omaha, NE

6.47% Record
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund - Investor Class Raymond James & Associates, Inc.
St. Petersburg, FL
7.41% Record
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund - Institutional Class

Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.

San Francisco, CA

27.24% Record
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund - Institutional Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

16.17% Record
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund - Institutional Class

Reliance Trust Company

Atlanta, GA

8.45% Record

 

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Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund - Institutional Class Deseret Mutual Benefit Admins
Salt Lake City, UT
12.22% Beneficial
Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund - Institutional Class MSCS Financial Services, LLC
Denver, CO
5.62% Record
Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund - Investor Class

Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.

San Francisco, CA

14.93% Record
Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund - Investor Class Raymond James & Associates, Inc.
St. Petersburg, FL
63.80% Record
Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund - Investor Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

9.88% Record
Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund - Institutional Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

12.87% Record
Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund - Institutional Class

Pershing LLC

Jersey City, NJ

26.80% Record
Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund - Institutional Class

M&T Bank

Buffalo, NY

19.42% Record
Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund - Institutional Class

Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.

San Francisco, CA

17.94% Record

 

The Trustees and Officers of the Trust as a group owned less than 1% of any Fund’s shares.

 

EXPENSES

 

The Funds’ expenses include taxes, interest, fees and salaries of the Trust’s Fund Trustees and officers who are not trustees, officers or employees of the Funds’ service contractors, SEC fees, state securities qualification fees, costs of preparing and printing prospectuses for regulatory purposes and for distribution to existing shareholders, advisory and administration fees, charges of the custodian and of the transfer and dividend disbursing agent, certain insurance premiums, outside auditing and legal expenses, costs of shareholder reports and shareholder meetings, other miscellaneous expenses and any extraordinary expenses. The Funds also pays for brokerage fees and commissions (if any) in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities.

 

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PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

The following sections set forth certain additional information with respect to the portfolio managers for the Funds. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of April 30, 2019.

 

Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Managers

 

The table below identifies as of April 30, 2019, for the portfolio managers of each Fund, the number of accounts (other than the Funds with respect to which information is provided) for which they have day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts.

 

Portfolio Managers Registered Investment
Companies
Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles
Other Accounts
Number Total Assets (in millions) Number Total Assets (in millions) Number Total Assets (in millions)
Robert Gardiner 0 $0 1 $271 0 $0
Blake Walker 0 $0 2 $434 3 $621
Amy Hu Sunderland 0 $0 1 $271 0 $0
Randy Pearce 0 $0 1 $163 3 $621
Liping Cai 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0
Stuart Rigby 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0
Brad Barth 0 $0 0 $0 3 $621
Mark Madsen 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0
Juliette Douglas 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0
Keefer Babbit 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

 

Portfolio Manager Compensation

 

Compensation. The elements of total compensation for the portfolio managers are base salary, performance-based bonus, profit sharing and other benefits. The Adviser has balanced the components of pay to provide portfolio managers with an incentive to focus on both shorter and longer term performance. By design, portfolio manager compensation levels will fluctuate — both up and down — with the relative investment performance of the Funds that they manage.

 

Base Salary. Each portfolio manager is paid a fixed base salary.

 

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Performance-Based Bonus. A large portion of a portfolio manager’s potential compensation is in the form of a performance-based bonus. The majority of the performance-based bonus is tied to the pre-tax performance of the Fund(s) s/he manages based on the relevant Fund’s Morningstar (or other, where relevant) peer group ranking and the Fund’s performance versus the primary benchmark for the relative time period (typically 1-year and 3-years periods when available). Generally, maximum bonus is paid for top quartile peer performance and zero bonus is paid for anything below median performance, with prorated amounts paid between median and top quartile. Similarly, generally maximum bonus is paid for beating the primary benchmark by 400bps and zero bonus is paid for performance below the benchmark return, with prorated amounts paid for performance in between. Portfolio managers may receive a performance bonus based on firm performance across strategies within the industry and/or geography for which they are responsible, team performance bonus based on the profitability of the firm, performance of their individual stock selections, and overall performance of the research team.

 

Profit Sharing. The portfolio managers are generally equity or synthetic equity partners in the firm. As such, they will share meaningfully in the firm’s profits.

Other Benefits. Portfolio managers are also eligible to participate in broad-based plans offered generally to the Adviser’s full-time employees, including health insurance and other employee benefit plans.

 

Conflicts of Interest with Other Accounts. There may be certain inherent conflicts of interest that arise in connection with a portfolio manager’s management of the respective Fund’s investments and the investments of any other fund or client accounts the Adviser or the respective Fund’s individual team members also manage. Such conflicts include allocation of investment opportunities among the Funds and other accounts managed by the Adviser or the portfolio managers; the aggregation of purchase and sale orders believed to be in the best interest of more than one account managed by the Adviser or the portfolio managers and the allocation of such orders across such accounts; and any soft dollar arrangements that the Adviser may have in place that could benefit a Fund and/or other accounts. Additionally, some funds or accounts managed by a portfolio manager may have different fee structures, including performance fees, which are, or have the potential to be, higher or lower than the fees paid by another fund or account. To minimize the effects of these inherent conflicts of interest, the Adviser has adopted and implemented policies and procedures, including trade aggregation and allocation procedures, that it believes are reasonably designed to mitigate the potential conflicts associated with managing portfolios for multiple clients, including the Funds, and seeks to ensure that no one client is intentionally favored at the expense of another. These policies and procedures are discussed in more detail under the section entitled “Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices” of this SAI.

 

Ownership of Securities

 

The table below identifies ownership of Fund securities by each Portfolio Manager as of April 30, 2019.

 

   Robert Gardiner  Blake Walker  Randy Pearce  Amy Hu Sunderland  Liping
Cai
 Stuart Rigby  Mark Madsen  Brad
Barth
 Juliette
Douglas
 Keefer Babbitt
Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund  $100-500k  $500k-$1M  --  $100-500k  $100-500k  $50-100k  $10-50k  --  $10-50k  $10-50k
Global Micro Cap Fund  $500k-$1M  $10-50k  $10-50k  $100-500k  $100-500k  <$10k  $50-100k  --  $50-100k  --
Global Opportunities Fund  $1M+  $500k-$1M  --  $500k-$1M  $100-500k  $50-100k  $50-100k  --  $50-100k  $10-50k
Global Reach Fund  $1M+  $100-500k  $100-500k  $100-500k  $100-500k  $50-100k  $10-50k  $50-100k  $50-100k  $10-50k
Global Stalwarts Fund  $1M+  $100-500k  $1M+  $100-500k  $50-100k  $50-100k  --  $100-500k  $50-100k  $100-500k
International Opportunities Fund  $1M+  $500k-$1M  --  $100-500k  $100-500k    $10-50k  --  $10-50k  $10-50k
International Stalwarts Fund  $100-500k  $100-500k  $100-500k  $50-100k  $50-100k  $10-50k  --  $100-500k  $10-50k  $50-100k
Highlighted cells represent that a particular individual serves as a portfolio manager for the Fund.          

 

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NET ASSET VALUE

 

The following is a description of the procedures used by the Funds in valuing their assets. Because of the differences in service and distribution fees and class-specific expenses, the per share net asset value of each class may differ. For the purpose of pricing purchase and redemption orders, the net asset value per share of each class of each Fund is calculated separately and is determined once daily as of the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE (normally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). The Funds’ net asset value is calculated on each day that the NYSE is open for trading, i.e., Monday through Friday, except for New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day, and the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when one of those holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively.

 

In calculating net asset value, equity securities listed or traded on national securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price or, if there have been no sales on that day, at the mean of the current bid and ask price which represents the current value of the security. Over-the-counter securities are valued at the mean of the current bid and ask price.

 

Portfolio securities listed on the NASDAQ National Market System for which market quotations are available are valued at the official closing price. If there is no official closing price, the securities are valued at the last sale price or, if there have been no sales that day, at the mean of the current bid and ask price which represents the current value of the security.

 

Securities that are primarily traded on foreign exchanges generally are valued at the preceding closing values of such securities on their respective exchanges, except that when an occurrence subsequent to the time a value was so established is likely to have changed such value, then the fair value of those securities will be determined by consideration of other factors by or under the direction of the Fund’s Board or its delegates. In valuing assets, prices denominated in foreign currencies are converted to U.S. dollar equivalents at the current exchange rate. Securities may be valued by independent pricing services which use prices provided by market-makers or estimates of market values obtained from yield data relating to instruments or securities with similar characteristics. In certain circumstances, bid and ask prices may be obtained from (i) a broker/dealer specified and deemed reliable by the Adviser, (ii) pink sheets, yellow sheets or the blue list, or (iii) a pricing agent that obtains quotations from broker/dealers or evaluates the value of the respective bid and ask prices. Short-term debt obligations that will mature in 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, unless it is determined that using this method would not reflect an investment’s fair value. All other securities and other assets of the Fund will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board.

 

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FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

 

This section provides additional information concerning U.S. federal income taxes. It is based on the Code, applicable Treasury Regulations, judicial authority, and administrative rulings and practice, all as of the date of this SAI, and all of which are subject to change, including changes with retroactive effect. The following does not address any state, local or foreign or estate or gift tax matters.

 

A shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax consequences from acquiring, holding and disposing of shares in a Fund may vary depending upon his or her particular situation. This discussion only applies to shareholders who are U.S. persons, except where otherwise stated. For purposes of this discussion, U.S. persons are: (i) U.S. citizens or residents, (ii) U.S. corporations, (iii) an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or certain electing trusts that were in existence on August 20, 1996, and were treated as domestic trusts on August 19, 1996. This discussion does not address issues of significance to U.S. persons in special situations such as: (i) certain types of tax-exempt organizations, (ii) shareholders holding shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plan accounts or individual retirement accounts), (iii) shareholders holding investments through foreign institutions (financial and non-financial), (iv) financial institutions, (v) broker-dealers, (vi) entities not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, (vii) shareholders holding shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction, and (viii) shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax.

 

If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships that are considering the purchase of shares should consult their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares.

 

The Funds have not requested and will not request an advance ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) as to the U.S. federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. In addition, the foregoing discussion only addresses some of the U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting investments in the Fund. Prospective shareholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisers as to the particular U.S. federal tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund, as well as the applicability and effect of any state, local or foreign laws, and the effect of possible changes in applicable tax laws.

 

General Policies

 

In general, it is the Funds’ policy to distribute to its shareholders as “ordinary income dividends” substantially all of its net investment income and short-term capital gains. It is also the Fund’s policy to distribute annually all of its net realized long-term capital gains, if any, after offsetting any capital loss carryovers, as “capital gain dividends.”

 

Ordinary income dividends and capital gain dividends are payable in full and fractional shares of the relevant class of a Fund based upon the net asset value determined as of the close of the Exchange on the record date for each dividend or distribution. Shareholders, however, may elect to receive their ordinary income dividends or capital gain dividends, or both, in cash. The election may be made at any time by submitting a written request directly to the relevant Fund. In order for a change to be in effect for any dividend or distribution, it must be received by the Fund on or before the record date for such dividend or distribution.

 

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If you elect to receive your dividends in cash and the dividend checks sent to you are returned “undeliverable” to the Fund or remain uncashed for six months, your cash election will automatically be changed and your future dividends will be reinvested. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed dividend or redemption checks.

 

Detailed U.S. federal tax information will be furnished to each shareholder for each calendar year as required by federal tax law.

 

Taxation of the Funds

 

The Funds intend to elect to be treated and qualify each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. Each Fund also intends to be treated as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes. Thus, the provisions of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies generally will apply separately to each Fund even though it is a series of the Trust. Furthermore, each Fund will separately determine its income, gain, losses and expenses for federal income tax purposes.

 

In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, a Fund must, among other things: (i) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships;” (ii) diversify its holdings so that at the end of each fiscal quarter, (a) at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities limited generally, with respect to any one issuer, to no more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets are invested in (1) the securities (other than those of the U.S. government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, (2) the securities (other than the securities of other regulated investment companies) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or (3) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships; and (iii) distribute with respect to each taxable year an amount equal to or exceeding the sum of (a) 90% of its “investment company taxable income,” as that term is defined in the Code (which generally includes, among other things, dividends, taxable interest, and the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, as reduced by certain deductible expenses) without regard to the deduction for dividends paid, and (b) 90% of its tax-exempt interest income, net of expenses allocable thereto. For purposes of meeting the diversification requirement described in (ii) above, in the case of a Fund’s investment in loan participations, the issuer may be the financial intermediary or the borrower. The requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company may significantly limit the extent to which each Fund may invest in some investments.

 

With respect to (i) above, the IRS may limit qualifying income from foreign currency gains and from certain derivatives to the amount of such income that is directly related to a regulated investment company’s principal business of investing in stock or securities pursuant to regulations that may be promulgated in the future. For purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in (i) above, income derived from a partnership will generally be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized by the regulated investment company. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (defined as a partnership (x) interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in (i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive activity loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. Finally, for purposes of (ii)(a) above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership.

 

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To the extent that it qualifies for treatment as a regulated investment company, a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income distributed to its shareholders in a timely manner in the form of dividends (including capital gain dividends, defined below). In certain situations, the Fund can cure failures to meet the income and diversification tests described above, including, in some cases, by paying a Fund-level tax and, in the case of diversification failures, disposing of certain assets. If the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year – for example, because it was not sufficiently diversified under the applicable Code tests – the Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. To qualify again to be taxed as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment in a subsequent year, the Fund could be required to pay substantial taxes, penalties and interest and make substantial distributions. In addition, if the Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be required to recognize and pay tax on any net built-in gain (the excess of aggregate gain, including items of income, over aggregate loss that would have been realized if the Fund had been liquidated) or, alternatively, to be subject to taxation on such built-in gain recognized for a period of five years, in order to qualify as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year.

 

As a regulated investment company, a Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its net capital gains (that, is any net long-term capital gains in excess of net short-term capital losses) properly reported by the Fund in a written statement to shareholders as capital gain dividends (“capital gain dividends”) and its investment company taxable income if any, that the Fund distributes to shareholders on a timely basis. Each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its investment company taxable income and to distribute all of its net capital gains in a taxable year after offsetting any capital loss carryforwards. If a Fund does retain any investment company taxable income, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. However, the Fund may elect to have certain dividends paid after the close of a tax year treated as having been paid during the tax year for purposes of the regulated investment company distribution requirements and for purposes of determining its taxable income (“spill-over dividends”). Spill-over dividends are taxed to shareholders in the year in which they are received.

 

Under current law, a Fund is permitted to treat on its tax return as dividends paid the portion of redemption proceeds paid to redeeming shareholders that represents the redeeming shareholders’ portion of the Fund’s accumulated earnings and profits. This practice, called tax “equalization,” would reduce the amount of income and/or gains that a Fund is required to distribute as dividends to non-redeeming shareholders. This practice is not available for a Fund that is treated as a “personal holding company” for federal income tax purposes. The total return on a shareholder’s investment would generally not be reduced as a result of a Fund’s use of this practice. If the IRS were to determine that a Fund’s equalization method is improper and that the Fund has under-distributed its income and gain for any taxable year, the Fund may be liable for federal income and/or excise tax.

 

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If a Fund retains any net capital gain, it will also be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and (iii) will be entitled to obtain a refund of the excess, if any, of their allocable share of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount over the shareholder’s tax liability on such amount. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence.

 

Generally, the excess (if any) of a Fund’s net short-term capital loss over the net long-term capital loss for a taxable year will carry over as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the next tax year. In addition, the excess (if any) of a Fund’s net long-term capital loss over the net short-term capital gain for the year will carry over as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the next tax year. Unused capital losses may be carried forward indefinitely until they can be used to offset capital gains. If future capital gains are offset by carried-forward capital losses, such future capital gains are not subject to Fund-level federal income tax, regardless of whether they are distributed to shareholders. However, future capital gains offset by carried-forward capital losses are generally subject to taxation as ordinary dividends to shareholders if distributed. Accordingly, the Fund does not expect to distribute any capital gains offset by carried-forward capital losses. The Fund cannot carry back or carry forward any net operating losses.

 

The Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund used capital loss carryovers during the period ended April 30, 2019 in the amounts of $1,433,604 short-term and $1,294,348 long-term.

 

A regulated investment company may elect to treat any post-October capital loss (defined as the net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss, as applicable, in each case attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31) and late-year ordinary loss (generally, (i) net ordinary losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31, plus (ii) other net ordinary losses attributable to the portion of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.

 

If a Fund fails to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its net capital gain income for the one year period ending on October 31 of such year, plus any retained amount for the prior year, the Fund will be subject to a non-deductible excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property that would be properly taken into account after October 31 are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. For purposes of the excise tax, the Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending within the calendar year. A dividend paid to shareholders in January of a year generally is deemed to have been paid on December 31 of the preceding year, if the dividend is declared and payable to the shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year.

 

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The Funds intend to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the excise tax, although there can be no assurance that they will be able to do so. Moreover, each Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant (for example, the amount of excise tax to be paid is deemed de minimis by the Fund).

 

Taxation of Fund Distributions

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment company taxable income are generally taxable as ordinary income to the extent of a Fund’s current or accumulated “earnings and profits.” Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares. Distributions of net capital gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for more than one year and from other long-term capital gains recognized by the Fund and that are properly designated by the Fund as capital gain dividends (i.e., “capital gain dividends”) will be taxable to Fund shareholders as long-term capital gains. Generally, distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income. Each Fund may designate certain dividends as derived from “qualified dividend income,” which, when received by an individual or other non-corporate shareholder, will be taxed at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain, which (for this purpose) are taxed at a maximum federal income tax rate of 20% (in addition to the 3.8% described in “Surtax on Net Investment Income,” below). Dividend income distributed to individual or other non-corporate shareholders will qualify as “qualified dividend income” as that term is defined in section 1(h)(11)(B) of the Code to the extent such distributions are attributable to income from the Fund’s investments in common and preferred stock of U.S. companies and stock of certain qualified foreign corporations provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met by both the Fund and the shareholders. The Funds do not expect a significant portion of distributions to be derived from qualified dividend income.

 

Distributions of earnings and gains are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund before a shareholder invested in the Fund (and thus were included in the price the shareholder paid), and are taxable whether shareholders receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares (other than distributions, if any, designated by the Fund as “exempt-interest dividends,” a designation which the Fund generally does not expect to make). Any gain resulting from the sale or exchange of Fund shares generally will be taxable as capital gains. Distributions declared and payable by a Fund during October, November or December to shareholders of record on a date in any such month and paid by the Fund during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as paid by the Fund and received by shareholders on December 31st of the year in which declared rather than the calendar year in which they were received.

 

Dividends received by corporate shareholders that are reported by a Fund in a written statement furnished to shareholders may qualify for the 50% dividends received deduction to the extent of the amount of qualifying dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations and to the extent a portion of interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund are treated as dividends subject (in either case) to certain holding period requirements and debt-financing limitations.

 

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If a Fund makes a distribution in excess of its current and accumulated “earnings and profits” in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder’s basis in his or her shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of such shares.

 

Sale or Redemption of Shares

 

The sale or redemption of Fund shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to the shares.

 

All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed if other substantially identical shares of a Fund are purchased within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitation.

 

Special Tax Considerations

 

The following discussion relates to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of the investment policies of the Fund.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Companies

 

The Funds do not expect to have significant investments in foreign investment entities referred to as “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”). In order to avoid U.S. federal income tax and an additional interest charge on any “excess distribution” from PFICs or gain from the disposition of PFIC shares, a Fund may elect to “mark-to-market” annually its investments in such entities, which would result in the Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased all the PFIC stock at the end of each year. As a result of the mark-to-market election, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. By making the mark-to-market election, a Fund could potentially mitigate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. A Fund may have to distribute this “phantom” income and gain to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the excise tax described above. Alternatively, a Fund may elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (a “QEF election”), in which case the Fund would be required to include its share of the company’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives distributions from the PFIC. As with the mark-to-market election, these amounts would be taken into account by the Fund for purposes of satisfying the distribution requirement and the excise tax distribution requirement. Under Treasury Regulations finalized in 2019, earnings included in income under a QEF election would be qualifying dividend income for a RIC if such earnings are distributed in the taxable year in which they are earned. The Treasury Regulations also provide that if an amount is included in gross income of a regulated investment company pursuant to a QEF election and is derived with respect to the regulated investment company’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, then such amount will be qualifying income for the regulated investment company, whether or not currently distributed. In order to make a QEF election, a Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain. Dividends paid by PFICs or foreign corporations that were PFICs in the year preceding the payment of the dividend will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.

 

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Non-U.S. Taxes

 

A Fund that invests in non-U.S. securities may be liable to non-U.S. governments for taxes relating primarily to investment income or capital gains on non-U.S. securities in the Fund’s portfolio. If at the close of its taxable year more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s total assets consist of stock or securities of foreign corporations (including foreign governments), the Fund may make an election under the Code that would allow Fund shareholders who are U.S. persons or U.S. corporations to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their U.S. income tax return for their pro rata portion of qualified taxes paid by that Fund to non-U.S. countries in respect of non-U.S. securities held at least a minimum period as specified in the Code. If a Fund were eligible for and were to make the election, the amount of each shareholder’s taxable income reported on the information returns filed by such Fund with the IRS must be increased by the amount of the shareholder’s portion of the Fund’s foreign tax paid. A shareholder’s ability to claim all or a part of a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by the Fund would also be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code.

 

If a Fund were to qualify as a “qualified fund of funds,” the Fund could be entitled to elect to pass-through its foreign tax credits without regard to the above-described 50% requirement. For this purpose, the term “qualified funds of funds” means a regulated investment company if (at the close of each quarter of the taxable year) at least 50 %of the value of its total assets is represented by interests in other regulated investment companies. The Funds make no assurance as to either the availability of any election discussed in this section or their willingness to make any such election.

 

Non-U.S. Currency Transactions

 

Transactions in non-U.S. currencies, non-U.S. currency denominated debt obligations and certain non-U.S. currency options, future contracts, and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the non-U.S. currency concerned and may increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxes payable by shareholders of a Fund. Certain of such Fund’s transactions, if any, in foreign currencies and foreign currency denominated instruments are likely to result in a difference between the Fund’s book income and taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of such Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital or capital gain for tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to avoid excise tax liability and to qualify as a regulated investment company, which may have the effect of accelerating taxable distributions to shareholders of the Fund.

 

Financial Products

 

Each Fund’s investments in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts, stripped securities, swaps and certain other transactions may be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale, short sale and other rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income recognized by the Fund, defer Fund losses, cause adjustments in the holding periods of Fund securities, convert capital gain into ordinary income and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character distributions to Fund shareholders.

 

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Some of the Funds’ investments, such as certain option transactions and futures transactions in foreign currency contracts that are traded in the interbank market, may be “section 1256 contracts.” Gains and losses on section 1256 contracts are generally treated as 60% long-term capital and 40% short-term capital, although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as entirely ordinary in character. Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of a taxable year are “marked to market” for income tax purposes, meaning that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized (and treated on the 60/40 basis described above).

 

Certain positions undertaken by the Funds may constitute “straddles” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character of gains or losses realized by a Fund. Losses realized by a Fund that are part of a straddle may be deferred beyond the point in time that they are realized. The straddle rules, if applicable, could increase the amount of short-term capital gain realized by the Fund which is taxed as ordinary income when distributed to shareholders. Certain income tax elections that the Fund may make with respect to straddles could affect the character and timing of recognition of gains and losses.

 

Rules governing the tax aspects of notional principal contracts in which the Funds may invest are not clear in various respects. As a result, the IRS could challenge the Funds’ methods of accounting for such contracts for tax purposes, and such a challenge could affect the status of a Fund as a regulated investment company.

 

The Funds may make short sales of securities. Short sales may increase the amount of short-term capital gains realized by a Fund, which is taxed as ordinary income to the shareholders when distributed. Short sales may also constitute “constructive sales,” in certain circumstances, which would result in taxable income before the short-sale positions are terminated.

 

Certain of the Funds’ hedging activities, including transactions in options, futures contracts and foreign currencies, are likely to result in a difference between a Fund’s book income and taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of such Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital or capital gain for U.S. Federal income tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to avoid excise tax liability and to qualify as a regulated investment company, which may have the effect of accelerating taxable distributions to shareholders.

 

Securities Issued or Purchased at a Discount

 

The Funds’ investment in debt obligations issued or purchased at a discount and certain other obligations may require a Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. In addition, payment-in-kind debt obligations will give rise to income which is required to be distributed even though a Fund receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year. In order to generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, such Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise would have continued to hold. A Fund may realize gains or losses from such sales. In the event a Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain dividend than they would in the absence of such transactions.

 

Some debt obligations that are acquired by the Funds in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. “Market discount” is generally the excess of the stated redemption price of the bond at maturity over the basis of the bond immediately after its acquisition by the taxpayer. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain is attributable the “accrued market discount” on such debt security. A Fund may make certain elections applicable to debt obligations having market discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. When recognized, market discount is taxable as ordinary income even if interest on the debt obligation in question is tax exempt.

 

71

 

The Fund may acquire debt obligations that have original issue discount. “Original issue discount” is the excess of a debt obligation’s stated redemption price at maturity over the obligation’s issue price. Under the tax law in effect prior to tax legislation enacted in 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”), a taxpayer that acquires an obligation with original issue discount generally is required to include the original issue discount in income on a constant yield-to-maturity basis without regard to when, or whether, payments are made on the obligation.

 

For financial accounting purposes, depending upon the type of instrument involved and its credit quality, both original issue discount and market discount may be recognized over the expected or contractual life of the instrument. The 2017 Tax Act requires accrual-method taxpayers to recognize items of gross income for tax purposes no later than the year in which the taxpayer recognizes the income for financial accounting purposes.

 

The IRS has said that it will not apply this provision to require the recognition of accrued market discount. However, it is possible that regulations issued under the 2017 Tax Act will require the acceleration of recognition of original issue discount by a Fund for federal income tax purposes for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018.

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts

 

If a Fund invests in a REIT, its REIT equity securities, if any, may result in such Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings. If a Fund receives such distributions, all or a portion of these distributions will constitute a return of capital to such Fund. Receiving a return of capital distribution from a REIT will reduce the amount of income available to be distributed to Fund shareholders. Income from REIT securities generally will not be eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income.

 

Under Code Section 199A, introduced by the 2017 Tax Act, a deduction of up to 20% is available for taxpayers other than corporations for qualified business income from certain pass-through businesses, including “qualified REIT dividends” from REITs (i.e., ordinary REIT dividends other than capital gains dividends and REIT dividends designated as qualified dividend income). Under proposed regulations—on which taxpayers may rely pending the issuance of final regulations—a regulated investment company may pay and report “section 199A dividends” to its shareholders with respect its qualified REIT dividends. Under these proposed regulations, the amount of section 199A dividends that the Fund may pay and report to its shareholders is limited to the excess of the “qualified REIT dividends” that the Fund receives from REITs for a taxable year over the Fund’s expenses allocable to such dividends. A shareholder may treat section 199A dividends received on a share of the Fund as “qualified REIT dividends” if the shareholder has held the share for more than 45 days during the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the date on which the share becomes ex-dividend, but only to the extent that the shareholder is not under an obligation (under a short-sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. A shareholder may include 20% of the shareholder’s “qualified REIT dividends” in the computation of the shareholder’s “combined qualified business income amount” under Code Section 199A. Code Section 199A allows a taxpayer (other than a corporation) a deduction for a taxable year equal to the lesser of (A) the taxpayer’s “combined qualified business income amount” or (B) 20% of the excess of the taxpayer’s taxable income over the taxpayer’s net capital gain for the year.

 

72

 

Backup Withholding

 

Each Fund generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any non-corporate shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number (“TIN”), who has under-reported dividend or interest income, and to any shareholder that fails to certify to the Fund that it is not subject to such withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is 24% for tax years beginning before January 1, 2026.

 

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a shareholder generally may be refunded or credited against the shareholder’s federal income tax liability, if any, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS. If a shareholder fails to furnish a valid TIN upon request, the shareholder can be subject to IRS penalties.

 

Cost Basis Reporting

 

A Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to fund shareholders the cost basis information for fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012 (“covered shares”), and redeemed, exchanged or otherwise sold on or after that date. In addition, a Fund is required to indicate whether these shares had a short-term or long-term holding period. In the absence of an election by a shareholder to elect from certain cost basis methods which have been accepted by the IRS, the Fund will use its default cost basis method. The cost basis method elected or applied may not be changed after the settlement date of a sale of Fund shares. Once a Fund shareholder has elected a cost basis reporting method, the election will apply to all future transactions in covered shares unless the shareholder revokes or changes the standing election. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers concerning the most desirable IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the new cost basis reporting law applies to them. Each Fund is required to report the gross proceeds from the sale of all Fund shares (whether or not they are “covered shares”).

 

You should consult with your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Funds.

 

Surtax on Net Investment Income

 

A surtax of 3.8% applies to net investment income of an individual taxpayer and on the undistributed net investment income of certain estates and trusts, to the extent that such taxpayer’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a certain amount. Net investment income includes interest, dividends, royalties, rents, gross income from a trade or business involving passive activities, and net gain from disposition of property (other than certain property held in a non-passive trade or business). Ordinary income and capital gain distributions received by a Fund shareholder from a Fund, as well as the shareholder’s net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares will be included in the shareholder’s net investment income. Net investment income is reduced by deductions properly allocable to such income.

 

73

 

Foreign Accounts

 

Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (or “FATCA”), foreign financial institutions as defined by FATCA (“FFIs”) or non-financial foreign entities as defined by FATCA (“NFFEs”) that are shareholders of a Fund may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on: (1) income dividends paid by the Fund, and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of a sale of Fund shares. The FATCA withholding tax generally may be avoided: (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by U.S. persons with the FFI, and (b) by an NFFE, if it: (i) certifies that is has no substantial U.S. persons as owners or (ii) if it does have such owners, reporting information relating to them to the withholding agent (which may be the Fund). The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements (each, an “IGA”) with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with other foreign countries with respect to one or more alternative approaches to implement FATCA. An entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of an IGA and applicable local law instead of U.S. Treasury regulations.

 

An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding by becoming a “participating FFI,” which requires the FFI to enter into a tax compliance agreement with the IRS under section 1471(b) of the Code under which it agrees to verify, report and disclose certain of its U.S. accountholders and provided that such entity meets certain other specified requirements. The FFI will report to the IRS, or, depending on the FFI’s country of residence, to the government of that country (pursuant to the terms and conditions of an applicable IGA and applicable law), which will, in turn, report to the IRS. An FFI that is resident in a country that has entered into an IGA with the U.S. to implement FATCA will be exempt from FATCA withholding provided that the FFI shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

 

An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from a Fund can avoid FATCA withholding generally by certifying that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or by providing the name, address and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner. The NFFE will report to the Fund or other applicable withholding agent, which will, in turn, report information to the IRS.

 

Such foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted or deemed compliant categories as established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in a Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA in order to avoid FATCA withholding. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the U.S. certification rules to avoid backup withholding described above.

 

2017 Tax Act

 

The 2017 Tax Act substantially altered the U.S. federal income tax rules for the taxation of individuals and corporations. Several provisions of the 2017 Tax Act are described in the relevant portions of this SAI. The 2017 Tax Act also makes numerous changes to the tax rules that do not affect regulated investment companies directly but may affect shareholders and may indirectly affect the Funds. Among many tax changes, the Act changes marginal income tax rates applicable to individuals and other taxpayers. Most of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and will apply only to taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026. The 2017 Tax Act does not change the maximum federal income tax rates that apply to long-term capital gains recognized by noncorporate taxpayers, but it does alter the income thresholds at which such tax rates become applicable.

 

74

 

The 2017 Tax Act also establishes a deduction of up to 20% for qualified business income received by noncorporate taxpayers from certain pass-through businesses, including publicly traded partnerships and REITS, but generally excluding regulated investment companies. Under proposed regulations, this deduction may be available for shareholders of regulated investment companies (including the Funds) for certain qualified dividends that regulated investment companies derive from REITs as discussed above under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Special Tax Considerations – Real Estate Investment Trusts.” The IRS is still considering whether the deduction should be available for shareholders of regulated investment companies with respects to income derived from publicly traded partnerships.

 

Other Tax Matters

 

Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax adviser to determine the suitability of shares of a Fund as an investment through such plans and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situation.

 

The foregoing discussion relates solely to U.S. federal income tax law. Dividends and distributions also may be subject to state and local taxes. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding specific questions as to U.S. federal, state, local and, where applicable, foreign taxes. Foreign investors should consult their tax advisers concerning the U.S. federal tax consequences of ownership of shares of a Fund, including the certification and filing requirements imposed on foreign investors in order to qualify for exemption from the backup withholding tax (or to qualify for a reduced rate of withholding provided by a treaty).

 

The foregoing is a general and abbreviated summary of the applicable provisions of the Code and related regulations currently in effect. For the complete provisions, reference should be made to the pertinent Code sections and regulations. The Code and regulations are subject to change by legislative or administrative actions.

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST

 

The Trust was organized as a Delaware business trust on November 30, 1993 and consists of multiple separate portfolios or series. The Board may establish additional series in the future. The capitalization of the Trust consists solely of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest with no par value.

 

The Trust consists of multiple separate portfolios or funds. When certain matters affect one fund but not another, the shareholders would vote as a fund regarding such matters. Subject to the foregoing, on any matter submitted to a vote of shareholders, all shares then entitled to vote will be voted separately by the fund unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act, in which case all shares will be voted in the aggregate. For example, a change in a fund’s fundamental investment policies would be voted upon only by shareholders of the fund. Additionally, approval of the Investment Advisory Contract and Management Contracts are matters to be determined separately by the fund.

 

Approval by the shareholders of one fund is effective as to that fund whether or not sufficient votes are received from the shareholders of the other fund to approve the proposal as to that fund. The term “majority,” when referring to approvals to be obtained from shareholders of a fund means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the fund or class represented at a meeting if the holder of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the fund or class are present in person or by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the fund. The term “majority,” when referring to the approvals to be obtained from shareholders of the Trust as a whole means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the Trust’s shares represented at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding shares are present in person or proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding shares. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held and fractional votes for fractional shares held.

 

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The Trust is not required to hold regular annual meetings of a fund’s shareholders and does not intend to do so. However, the Trust undertakes to hold a special meeting of its shareholders if the purpose of voting on the question of removal of a director or trustees is requested in writing by the holders of at least 10% of the Trust’s outstanding voting securities, and to assist in communicating with other shareholders as required by Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act. The Trust Instrument provides that the holders of not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust may remove a person serving as Trustee either by declaration in writing or at a meeting called for such purpose.

 

Each share of a Fund represents an equal proportional interest in the Fund with each other share and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income earned on the assets belonging to the Fund as are declared in the discretion of the Trustees. In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of the Trust, shareholders of the Fund are entitled to receive the assets attributable to the Fund that are available for distribution, and a distribution of any general assets of the Trust not attributable to the Fund that are available for distribution in such manner and on such basis as the Trustees in their sole discretion may determine.

 

Shareholders are not entitled to any preemptive rights. All shares, when issued, will be fully paid and non-assessable by the Trust.

 

Under Delaware law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of a series of the Trust but only to the extent of the shareholder’s investment in such series. However, the Trust Instrument disclaims liability of the shareholders, Trustees or Officers of the Trust for acts or obligations of the Trust, which are binding only on the assets and property of each series of the Trust and requires that notice of the disclaimer be given in each contract or obligations entered into or executed by the Trust or the Trustees. The risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Trust itself would be unable to meet its obligations and should be considered remote and is limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment in the Fund.

 

OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS

 

Custodian. Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., (the “Custodian”), located at 40 Water Street, Boston, MA 02109, serves as the custodian for the Funds. As such, the Custodian holds in safekeeping certificated securities and cash belonging to each Fund and, in such capacity, is the registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to a Fund. Upon instruction, the Custodian receives and delivers cash and securities of a Fund in connection with Fund transactions and collects all dividends and other distributions made with respect to Fund portfolio securities. The Custodian also maintains certain accounts and records of the Funds.

 

Transfer Agent. ALPS, pursuant to a Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, serves as transfer agent for the Funds. As Transfer Agent, ALPS has, among other things, agreed to (i) issue and redeem shares of each Fund; (ii) make dividend and other distributions to shareholders of the Funds; (iii) effect transfers of shares; (iv) mail communications to shareholders of the Funds, including account statements, confirmations, and dividend and distribution notices; (v) facilitate the electronic delivery of shareholder statements and reports and (vi) maintain shareholder accounts. Under the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, ALPS receives from the Trust an annual minimum fee and a fee based upon the number of shareholder accounts and is also reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses. As described above, ALPS is an affiliate of ADI.

 

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Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Deloitte & Touche LLP (“Deloitte”) serves as the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm. Deloitte is located at 1601 Wewatta Street, Suite 400, Denver, Colorado 80202.

 

Counsel. Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP serves as counsel to the Funds and is located at 1550 17th Street, Suite 500, Denver, Colorado 80202.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

 

Yield and Total Return. The Funds may from time to time include the yield and/or total return of its shares in advertisements or information in advertisements or information furnished to present or prospective shareholders.

 

Each Fund’s yield will vary from time to time depending upon market conditions, the composition of its portfolios and operating expenses of the Trust allocated to each Fund. These factors, possible differences in the methods used in calculating yield, and the tax exempt status of distributions, should be considered when comparing each Fund’s yield to yields published for other investment companies and other investment vehicles. Yield should also be considered relative to changes in the value of each Fund’s shares and to the relative risks associated with the investment objectives and policies of the Fund.

 

At any time in the future, yields and total return may be higher or lower than past yields and there can be no assurance that any historical results will continue.

 

Investors in each Fund are specifically advised that share prices, expressed as the net asset value per share, will vary just as yield will vary. An investor’s focus on the yield of a Fund to the exclusion of the consideration of the share price of that Fund may result in the investor’s misunderstanding the total return he or she may derive from the Fund.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The financial statements and financial highlights in the April 30, 2019 Annual Report (the “Annual Report”) of each Fund are incorporated in this SAI by reference. The financial statements and financial highlights in the Annual Report have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, whose report thereon appears in the Annual Report. You can obtain additional copies of such Annual Report at no charge by writing or telephoning the Fund at the address or number on the front page of this SAI.

 

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APPENDIX A

 

Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group—A brief description of the applicable Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) rating symbols and their meanings (as published by S&P) follows:

 

Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings

 

AAA An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

AA An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

 

A An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

 

BBB An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’ and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

 

BB An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

CCC An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

CC An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

 

C A ‘C’ rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the ‘C’ rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument’s terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.

 

A -1

 

D An obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation, including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.

 

Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

 

NR This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

 

Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings

 

A-1 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

 

A-2 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

 

A-3 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Ratings of ‘B-1’, ‘B-2’, and ‘B-3’ may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the ‘B’ category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B-1 A short-term obligation rated ‘B-1’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

 

B-2 A short-term obligation rated ‘B-2’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

 

A -2

 

B-3 A short-term obligation rated ‘B-3’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

 

C A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

D A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

 

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.—A brief description of the applicable Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) rating symbols and their meanings (as published by Moody’s) follows:

 

Long-Term Obligation Ratings

 

Aaa Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.

 

Aa Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

 

A Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

 

Baa Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

 

Ba Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.

 

B Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

 

Caa Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

 

Ca Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

 

C Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

 

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

 

A -3

 

Short-Term Obligation Ratings

 

P-1 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

P-2 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

P-3 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

 

NP Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

 

Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.

 

A -4

 

APPENDIX B

 

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, llc

 

PROXY VOTING POLICY

 

 

 

Regulatory Background - Proxy Voting Provisions of the Investment Advisers Act

 

Rule 206(4)-6 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 requires that, for an investment adviser to exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, the adviser must:

Adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that the adviser votes client securities in the best interest of clients, which procedures must include how the adviser addresses material conflicts that may arise between the adviser’s interests and those of the adviser’s clients;

Disclose to clients how they may obtain information from the adviser about how the adviser voted with respect to their securities; and

Describe to clients the adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures and, upon request, furnish a copy of the policies and procedures to the requesting client.

 

In accordance with our obligations under the Rule, the Firm has adopted and implemented the following Proxy Voting Policy to ensure that client proxies are voted in the best interest of clients at all times.

 

I.       POLICY OVERVIEW

 

A means by which the Firm fulfills its fiduciary responsibility is by exercising proxy voting rights. Corporate governance, including but not limited to, compensation plans, corporate actions and the composition of a board of directors, can have a significant influence upon the behavior of a management team and the value of a corporation. The proxy voting process is the primary means by which investors are able to influence such activities. As such, the Firm considers how we vote proxies to be a meaningful activity.

 

One fundamental tenet of the Firm’s investment philosophy is to invest in companies with high quality management teams. We spend a significant amount of time evaluating the performance, behavior, and actions of company executives in order to gain an understanding of how they think about protecting and increasing shareholder value. As a result of being invested with high quality management teams, the Firm generally supports the recommendations of the boards of directors when voting proxies. However, we ultimately vote for or against recommendations based on the fundamental premise that at all times we are attempting to maximize the value of our investments for the benefit of our clients, with a bias towards long-term value over short-term value.

 

The Firm has developed the following general proxy voting guidelines to assist us in making decisions about how to vote proposals concerning certain issues, These guidelines are not exhaustive, as the variety of issues on which shareholders may be asked to vote is unlimited. The disclosure of these guidelines is intended to provide clients with a better understanding of how the Firm attempts to maximize shareholder value via the proxy voting process.

 

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II.       GENERAL GUIDELINES

 

Board of Directors

The Firm considers the board of directors to be an important component of strong corporate governance. The board is responsible for overseeing the management team of a company and helping to ensure that it acts in the best interest of shareholders. The primary means by which the Firm can influence the board of directors is to vote for the election of directors who have relevant and valuable experience that will enhance the management of the company. Further, the Firm prefers that a board of directors have a majority of independent directors because we believe that a board with such a composition is generally a strong advocate for shareholders.

 

However, while we endorse proposals that support the creation of boards with a majority of independent directors, as well as proposals which call for the audit, compensation and nominating committees to be comprised solely of independent directors, the failure of the company to nominate only independent directors, or to have only independent directors serve on key committees, may not cause us to vote against the election of a director who lacks independence. The Firm appreciates the importance of these standards but we do not believe it is always in the best interest of shareholders to blindly vote against all directors who may not be considered independent. For example, a large shareholder who serves as a director is not considered independent but may be a very important advocate for investors since his interests are closely aligned with those of shareholders.

 

Executive Compensation

The Firm supports compensation plans which are designed to align the interests of management and shareholders as well as relate executive compensation to the performance of the company. To evaluate compensation plans, we may use quantitative criteria that measure the total cost to shareholders if a plan is passed.

 

Capital Structure

The Firm may be asked to vote on proposals pertaining to changes in the capital structure of a company. Such proposals include, but are not limited to, common stock authorizations, capital issuance requests, share repurchase programs, stock splits, and debt restructurings. We will vote for board-recommended capital structure changes so long as the proposals are well aligned with shareholder interests.

 

Mergers, Acquisitions and Other Transactions

Companies may undertake a variety of strategic transactions aimed at enhancing shareholder value including mergers, acquisitions, recapitalizations, spin-offs, asset sales, and liquidations. In evaluating proposed transactions, we will consider the benefits and costs to shareholders over both the short and long term. Specific items we will consider include the financial impact of the transaction on future operating results, the increase or decrease in shareholder value, and any changes in corporate governance and their impact on shareholder rights. When shareholders are asked to vote on mergers, acquisitions and other similar proposals, they are considered to be material to the company and could require the analysis of a wide variety of factors in order to determine if the transaction is in the best interest of shareholders. As a result, the Firm will review and vote each proposal on a case-by-case basis.

 

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Anti-Takeover Provisions

In an attempt to prevent a company from being acquired without the approval of the board of directors, shareholders may be asked to vote on a variety of proposals such as shareholder rights plans (commonly referred to as “poison pills”), supermajority voting, blank check preferred stock, fair price provisions, and the creation of a separate class of stock with disparate voting rights. The Firm recognizes that such proposals may enhance shareholder value in certain situations. However, the Firm will review proposals pertaining to anti-takeover provisions on a case-by-case basis and vote against such proposals merely intended to entrench management and prevent the company from being acquired at a fair price.

 

Auditors

An audit of a company’s financial statements is an important part of the investment process, for while an audit cannot fully protect investors against fraud, it does verify that the financial statements accurately represent the position and performance of the company. The Firm generally votes for proposals to ratify auditors unless the auditors do not appear to be independent. Auditor independence may be compromised if the auditor has a financial interest and/or association with the company or receives substantial compensation for non-audit related services. The Firm also generally votes for proposals to authorize the board of directors to determine the remuneration of the auditors unless there is evidence of excessive compensation relative to the size and nature of the company.

 

Social and Environmental Issues

While the Firm believes corporations have an obligation to be responsible corporate members of society, we will not typically support proposals concerning social, political or environmental issues if we believe the proposals are economically disadvantageous to shareholders.

 

III.       EXCLUSIONS AND EXCEPTIONS

 

The Firm has developed the general guidelines to assist us in making decisions about how to vote proposals concerning anticipatable issues. However, we recognize that the general guidelines are not exhaustive and cannot anticipate all of the potential issues, or the facts and circumstances surrounding a particular vote. Although we have general guidelines, the Firm may supplement or deviate from these guidelines in the situations outlined below. .

 

Case-by-case Issues

Several of the issues mentioned above in the general guidelines recognize that the proper vote to maximize shareholder value will be dependent upon the facts in the actual situation. These facts cannot be anticipated and will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis with the aim of maximizing shareholder value. In addition, any issues that are not addressed by the foregoing guidelines will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.

 

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Exceptions 

From time to time the Firm will review an issue that is addressed by the foregoing guidelines and determine that in the specific case it is appropriate to vote against the recommendation provided in the guidelines with the aim of maximizing shareholder value. At these times it is permissible for the Firm to vote against the general guidelines, but it is required that the rationale behind the deviation from the guidelines is sufficiently documented.

 

Foreign Issuers 

With respect to some non-U.S. issuers, the exercise of voting rights can cause an account to incur a cost or cause the underlying shares to be blocked from trading. Although we recognize the importance of the right to vote, the Firm believes that clients may be better served by avoiding unnecessary costs and preserving the right to trade shares promptly should conditions warrant. Accordingly, there may be times when no vote is cast because the Firm’s analysis of a particular proxy leads us to believe that the cost of voting the proxy exceeds the expected benefit to clients.

 

Conflicts of Interest 

The Firm will at all times make its best effort to vote proxies in the best interest of clients and avoid material conflicts of interest. A material conflict of interest refers to a situation in which the Firm or affiliated persons of the Firm have a financial interest in a matter presented by a proxy which could potentially compromise the Firm’s independence of judgment and action with respect to the voting of the proxy. We will attempt to identify any material conflicts that may exist by, among other things, reviewing the identity of each issuer soliciting proxy votes to determine if the issuer or an affiliate of the issuer (i) is a client of the Firm, (ii) has a relationship with the Firm, (iii) there is a reasonable expectation that the issuer or an affiliate would become a client of the Firm or develop a material relationship with the Firm, or (iv) the Firm holds a significant amount1 of the issuer’s shares outstanding. In addition, any employee with knowledge of a personal conflict of interest (e.g., a familial relationship with company management) relating to an issuer soliciting proxy votes must disclose that conflict to the Proxy Manager and Compliance and remove himself or herself from the proxy voting process for that issuer. Any questions regarding whether a particular issue may present a material conflict of interest with respect to the Firm’s voting of client proxies should be directed to Compliance.

 

In the event that the Firm has a material conflict of interest in any proposal that is the subject of a proxy to be voted for a client account, the Firm will not vote on that proposal. Proposals on the same proxy ballot for which the Firm does not have a material conflict of interest will be voted in accordance with the Firm’s Proxy Voting Policy.

 

 

 

1The Firm’s relative level of ownership of certain issuer’s soliciting proxy votes, as a percent of the company’s shares outstanding, may give the appearance of control. The Firm’s clients hold the issuer's stock solely for investment purposes, with no intent to control the business or affairs of the issuer.  In such instances, the Firm may elect not to vote.

 

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IV.        PROCEDURES

 

Proxy Manager’s Role 

The Firm has hired ISS to serve as its Proxy Manager, to assist in coordinating and voting securities. The Proxy Manager keeps track of upcoming shareholder meetings and vote deadline information, generates vote recommendations, coordinates with custodian banks to ensure votes are executed, maintains voting records, and serves as a general resource for proxy matters.

 

Operations Team’s Role 

The Proxy Committee has designated a person within Operations to be responsible for ensuring votes are cast, coordinate with the Research Team and Proxy Manager, and monitor the Firm’s proxy voting procedures.

 

Additionally, the designated person within Operations will document any instances where the proxy vote is against management’s recommendation or not voted.

 

Research Team’s Role 

The members of the Firm’s Research team are responsible for reviewing the proxies of the companies they follow, together with other relevant information, and providing Operations with vote recommendations and rationale in conformance with this Policy.

 

Proxy Committee 

The Firm has established a Proxy Committee to oversee the implementation and monitoring of this Policy. No less than annually, the Proxy Committee shall:

 

Review a sample of the record of voting delegation, including ERISA accounts, maintained by the Proxy Manager to determine if the Firm is exercising its authority to vote proxies on portfolio securities held in the selected accounts;

Request and review voting data to determine if accurate and timely communication of proxy votes is reasonably accomplished during the period reviewed;

Meet with the Proxy Manager to review the voting of proxies, communication of proxy votes, and the general functioning of this policy; and

Review any of the Proxy Manager’s changes to business practices and/or policies and procedures to confirm there are no conflicts of interest.

Share proxy votes with the mutual fund Board of Trustees for their review and process oversight.

 

V.        RECORDKEEPING, TRAINING, AND MAINTENANCE

 

Recordkeeping

Under rule 204-2, the Firm must retain the following:

a)proxy voting policies;

b)proxy statements received regarding client securities;

c)records of votes they cast on behalf of clients;

d)any documents prepared by the Firm that were material to making a decision how to vote, or that memorialized the basis for the decision – this will generally be the proxy policy and documentation regarding any votes cast contrary to the policy;

e)Record of the voting resolution of any conflict of interest;

 

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f)Records of any client requests for information on how a client’s proxies were voted and records of the Firm’s responses to client requests;

g)All written reports arising from annual reviews of the policy.

 

The Firm may also use the Securities and Exchange Commission’s EDGAR database for the items referred to in item c above. Records shall be maintained by the Firm for a period of not less than five years from the end of the the Firm’s fiscal year during which the last entry was made on the record.

 

Training 

At least annually, appropriate personnel will be trained regarding the Proxy Voting Policy. Such training program may review applicable laws, regulations, procedures and recent trends in proxy voting and their relation to the Firm’s business.

 

Annual Certification 

Each employee involved in the proxy voting process is required to certify annually that he/she has read, understands and has complied with, to the best of his/her knowledge, the Firm’s Proxy Voting Policy.

 

ERISA 

The Firm acknowledges our responsibility to vote proxies for ERISA clients in a manner that ensures the exclusive benefit for the underlying participants and beneficiaries. The Firm casts such proxy votes for the sole purpose of extending benefits to participants and beneficiaries while using the care, skill and diligence that a prudent person acting in a like capacity and familiar with such matters would use under the circumstances then prevailing.

 

Undue Influence 

Any attempts by any of the Firm’s personnel to influence the voting of client proxies in a manner that is inconsistent with the Firm’s Policy should be reported to the CCO. If the CCO is the person attempting to influence the voting, the report should be made to the Firm’s CEO.

 

VI.        DISCLOSURE TO CLIENTS

 

Interested Clients are encouraged to request information on how the Firm has voted their proxies. In order to request this information, clients should contact their Client Relations representative. The proxy voting record of the Firm’s mutual funds is available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

As of July 1, 2017

 

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August 31, 2019
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

Name of Fund Ticker
Class I
Highland Resolute Fund RMRGX

 

P.O. Box 1436

Denver, CO 80201

 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) expands upon and supplements the information contained in the current Prospectus for Class I Shares (the “Shares”), as applicable, of the fund listed above (the “Fund”), a separate series of Financial Investors Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”). Each series of the Trust represents shares of beneficial interest in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets with its own objective and policies. Highland Associates, Inc. (“Highland” or the “Adviser”) is the investment adviser of the Fund. Highland Resolute Fund offers only Class I Shares.

 

This SAI is not a prospectus and is only authorized for distribution when preceded or accompanied by the Fund’s current Prospectus dated August 31, 2019, as supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”). This SAI supplements and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus, a copy of which may be obtained without charge by writing the Fund at the address listed above, or by calling the Fund’s transfer agent at (855) 268-2242. The Fund’s most recent Annual Reports, if any, are incorporated by reference into this SAI and can be obtained free of charge, by calling the toll-free number printed above.

 
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

  Page
Classification, Investment Objectives and Policies  1
Investment Policies and Risks Applicable to The Fund 3
Additional Investment Activities and Risks Applicable to The Fund  4
Fund-of-Funds Structure 38
Other Practices 38
Investment Limitations 41
Portfolio Turnover  44
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings  44
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage 47
Purchase & Redemption of Shares  50
Trustees and Officers  54
Investment Adviser  63
Distributor 65
Code of Ethics 65
Administrator 66
Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures 66
Control Persons, Principal Shareholders and Management Ownership 66
Expenses 67
Portfolio Managers  67
Net Asset Value  72
Taxes  72
Description of the Trust 86
Other Information about the Fund  87
Performance Information  88
Financial Statements 88
Appendix A -- Description of Securities Ratings A-1
Appendix B -- Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures B-1
 
 

CLASSIFICATION, INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

 

Financial Investors Trust

 

This Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”) includes information about Highland Resolute Fund (the “Fund”). The Fund is a series of the Financial Investors Trust (the “Trust”), an open-end, management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust on November 30, 1993.

 

Classification

 

The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), classifies mutual funds as either diversified or non-diversified. The Fund is classified as diversified.

 

What are the Fund’s Investment Objectives?

 

The Fund seeks to provide long-term total return with reduced volatility and reduced correlation to the conventional stock and bond markets.

 

Total return measures the total performance of an investment including interest, capital gains, dividends, and distributions realized over a given period of time. While there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, the Fund endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in its Prospectus.

 

The Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change this investment objective without a shareholder vote. The Fund will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to the Fund’s investment objective, you should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

What are the Fund’s Principal Investment Strategies?

 

The Fund pursues its objective primarily by allocating its assets among (i) investment sub-advisers (the “Sub-Advisers”) who manage alternative or hedging investment strategies, (ii) other open-end funds, closed-end funds, or exchange-traded funds that use alternative or hedging strategies (collectively “underlying funds”), and (iii) derivatives, principally (though not limited to) total return swaps on reference pools of securities which may be managed by unaffiliated parties (“Underlying Pools”), for the purposes of seeking economic exposure to alternative or hedging strategies.

 

In addition to the strategies described above, the Fund may invest in equity securities of issuers of any market capitalization in the U.S. or abroad, and in in fixed-income securities of any credit quality and maturity, including those with fixed or variable terms and those of defaulted/distressed issuers and bank loans.

 

In seeking exposure to certain derivatives, the Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in a wholly-owned subsidiary organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Subsidiary”). The Subsidiary, which will be managed by the Adviser, has the same investment objective as the Fund the Subsidiary expects to invest in derivative instruments such as swaps, futures and forward contracts.

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The hedging or alternative strategies to which the Fund seeks to provide exposure may include the use of short selling, options, futures, derivatives or similar instruments (whether directly or indirectly through the Fund’s investments in the Subsidiary), market neutral and arbitrage strategies, commodities or commodity-linked investments, leverage, and investments in distressed securities. These strategies attempt to exploit disparities or inefficiencies in the markets, geographical areas, and companies; take advantage of security mispricings or anticipated price movements; and/or benefit from cyclical themes or special situations or events (such as spin-offs or reorganizations). The Fund generally seeks to maintain net equity exposure ranging between ten percent (10%) to sixty percent (60%) of net assets. For example, an underlying investment or strategy that uses or that provides exposure to a long/short strategy may be 100% long equities and 40% short equities, resulting in a net equity exposure of 60%, with the balance held in cash. The remainder of the Fund’s exposure (i.e., other than net equity) is expected to come primarily from the direct or indirect investment in investment grade fixed income securities of varying maturities, cash, non-equity derivatives or similar instruments.

 

The Adviser determines the allocation of the Fund’s assets among the various underlying investments or strategy. In selecting and weighting investment options, the Adviser seeks to identify strategies which, based on the investment styles and historical performance of the associated managers, have the potential, in the opinion of the Adviser, to perform independently of each other and achieve positive risk-adjusted returns in various market cycles. This is referred to as “low correlation.” The degree of correlation of any an underlying investment or strategy will, with other investment strategies and the market as a whole, vary as a result of market conditions and other factors, and some underlying investments or strategies will have a greater degree of correlation with each other and with the market than others. By allocating its assets among a number of investment options, the Fund seeks to provide exposure to a broad array of assets with less risk and lower volatility than if the Fund utilized a single Manager or a single strategy approach. The Fund is not required to invest in any minimum number of underlying investments or strategies, and does not have minimum or maximum limitations with respect to allocations of assets to any Sub-Adviser, underlying fund, derivatives, investment strategy, or market sector.

 

The Subsidiary may invest without limitation in derivative instruments, but will otherwise be subject to the same fundamental investment limitations as the Fund. The Adviser may change the allocation of the Fund’s assets among the available investment options at any time. The most common types of derivatives in which the Fund may invest are forwards, options, futures and swaps contracts. The Fund may invest in derivatives to hedge (or reduce) its exposure to a portfolio asset or risk, to obtain leverage for speculative purposes, to manage cash and/or as a substitute for taking a position in the reference asset or to gain exposure to certain asset classes, in which case the derivatives may have economic characteristics similar to those of the reference asset.

 

Sub-Advisers

Each Sub-Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of its allocated portion of Fund assets. The Adviser has ultimate responsibility, subject to the oversight of the Board of Trustees of the Fund, to oversee the Sub-Advisers, and to recommend their hiring, termination and replacement. The Adviser may hire and terminate Sub-Advisers in accordance with the terms of an exemptive order obtained by the Fund and the Adviser from the SEC, under which the Adviser is permitted, subject to supervision and approval of the Board of Trustees, to enter into and materially amend sub-advisory agreements without shareholder approval. The Adviser will furnish shareholders of the Fund with information regarding a new Sub-Adviser within 90 days of the hiring of the new Sub-Adviser. Currently, the Adviser has entered into sub-advisory agreements for the Fund, specifically with Incline Global Management, LLC (“Incline Global”), Chatham Asset Management, LLC (“Chatham”) and Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC (“Parametric”).

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Underlying Funds

Each underlying fund invests its assets in accordance with its investment strategy. The Fund may invest in underlying funds in excess of the limitations under the 1940 Act, pursuant to an exemptive order obtained by the Fund and the Adviser from the SEC and consistent with the conditions specified in such order. Investments in the securities of underlying funds involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in an underlying fund, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that underlying fund. As a result, the Fund’s shareholders will indirectly bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by shareholders of the underlying fund, in addition to the fees and expenses the Fund’s shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s own operations.

 

Swap Contracts on Underlying Pools

The Fund or the Subsidiary may enter into total return swaps, which are contracts with a brokerage firm or other financial institution (the swap counterparty) for periods ranging from a few days to multiple years. In a basic swap transaction, the Fund or the Subsidiary agrees with its counterparty to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on a particular “notional amount” of underlying instruments. The notional amount is the set amount selected by the parties as the basis on which to calculate the obligations that they have agreed to exchange. The parties typically do not actually exchange the notional amount. Instead, they agree to exchange the returns that would be earned or realized if the notional amount were invested in certain reference assets. In a total return swap, the Fund or the Subsidiary agrees with the swap counterparty to “swap” the total return (including typically, income and capital gains distributions, principal prepayment, credit losses, etc.) of an underlying reference asset (such as an index, security or underlying pool of securities) in exchange for a regular payment, at a floating rate, at a fixed rate, or the total rate of return on another financial instrument. The Fund or the Subsidiary may take either position in a total return swap (i.e., receive or pay the total return on the underlying reference asset or index). The Fund or Subsidiary may, through such a total return swap, seek to access the returns of a single or multiple Underlying Pool(s) that use a single manager or multiple managers to execute strategies which the Adviser deems to be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies. Each Underlying Pool typically invests according to the alternative or hedging investment strategies described above.

 

The Fund’s Board may change its principal investment strategies without a shareholder vote. The Fund will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to the Fund’s principal investment strategies, you should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RISKS APPLICABLE TO THE FUND

 

Portfolio Turnover. The Fund may engage in short-term trading. This means that the Fund may buy a security and sell that security a short period of time after its purchase to realize gains if the Adviser believes that the sale is in the best interest of that Fund (for example, if the portfolio managers believe an alternative investment has greater growth potential). This activity will increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate and generate higher transaction costs due to commissions or dealer mark-ups and other expenses that would reduce that Fund’s investment performance. In addition, a high level of short-term trading may increase the amount of taxable distributions to shareholders that would reduce the after-tax returns of the Fund, and in particular may generate short-term capital gains that when distributed to shareholders are taxed as ordinary income.

 

Cash Position. The Fund may not always stay fully invested in stocks, bonds or other investment companies. For example, when the Adviser believes that market conditions are unfavorable for profitable investing, or when the portfolio managers are otherwise unable to locate attractive investment opportunities, the Fund’s cash or similar investments may increase. In other words, cash or similar investments generally are a residual – they represent the assets that remain after the Fund has committed available assets to desirable investment opportunities. When the Fund’s investments in cash or similar investments increase, as a temporary defensive measure or otherwise, it may not participate in market advance or declines to the same extent that it would if the Fund remained more fully invested in stocks or bonds. In such case, the Fund may be less likely to achieve its investment objective.

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ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES AND RISKS APPLICABLE TO THE FUND

 

The Fund, directly or indirectly through an underlying fund or underlying pool, may also invest in the following types of securities, or engage in certain investment activities, as generally described below. The following is not meant to be an exclusive list of all the securities and instruments in which the Fund (directly or through an underlying fund or underlying pool) may invest or investment strategies in which it may engage, and the Fund may directly or indirectly invest in instruments and securities and engage in strategies other than those listed below. References to the Fund’s investments in the following sections also contemplate the Fund’s indirect investments through an underlying fund or underlying pool and, to the extent appropriate, the associated considerations that would be indirectly applicable to the Fund.

 

Equity Investments

 

The Fund may invest in equity securities. Equity securities (which generally include common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants, securities convertible into common or preferred stocks and similar securities) are generally volatile and more risky than some other forms of investment. Equity securities of companies with relatively small market capitalizations may be more volatile than the securities of larger, more established companies than the broad equity market indices generally. Common stock and other equity securities may take the form of stock in corporations, partnership interests, interests in limited liability companies and other direct or indirect interests in business organizations.

 

Common Stock

 

Common stocks are shares of a corporation or other entity that entitle the holder to a pro rata share of the profits of the corporation, if any, without preference over any other shareholder or class of shareholders, including holders of the entity’s preferred stock and other senior equity. Common stock usually carries with it the right to vote and frequently an exclusive right to do so.

 

Common stocks of companies that the Adviser believes have earnings that will grow faster than the economy as a whole are known as growth stocks. Growth stocks typically trade at higher multiples of current earnings than other stocks. As a result, the values of growth stocks may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the values of other stocks. If the Adviser’s assessment of the prospects for a company’s earnings growth is wrong, or if its judgment of how other investors will value the company’s earnings growth is wrong, then the price of that company’s stock may fall or may not approach the value that the Adviser has placed on it.

 

Common stocks of companies that are not expected to experience significant earnings growth, but whose stocks the Adviser believes are undervalued compared to their true worth, are known as value stocks. These companies may have experienced adverse business developments or may be subject to special risks that have caused their stocks to be out of favor. If the Adviser’s assessment of a company’s prospects is wrong, or if other investors do not eventually recognize the value of the company, then the price of the company’s stocks may fall or may not approach the value that the Adviser has placed on it.

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Many stocks have both “growth” and “value” characteristics, and for some stocks it may be unclear which category, if any, it fits into. The Fund’s investment process is biased toward value.

 

Preferred Stock

 

Preferred stocks, like debt obligations, are generally fixed-income securities. Shareholders of preferred stocks normally have the right to receive dividends at a fixed rate when and as declared by the issuer’s board of directors, but do not participate in other amounts available for distribution by the issuing corporation. Dividends on the preferred stock may be cumulative, and generally all cumulative dividends must be paid prior to common shareholders receiving any dividends. Because as a general matter preferred stock dividends must be paid before common stock dividends, preferred stocks generally entail less risk than common stocks. Upon liquidation, preferred stocks are generally entitled to a specified liquidation preference, which is generally the same as the par or stated value, and are senior in right of payment to common stock. Preferred stocks are, however, equity securities in the sense that they do not represent a liability of the issuer and, therefore, do not offer as great a degree of protection of capital or assurance of continued income as investments in corporate debt securities. In addition, preferred stocks are subordinated in right of payment to all debt obligations and creditors of the issuer, and convertible preferred stocks may be subordinated to other preferred stock of the same issuer.

 

Investment Company Shares

 

Investments by the Fund in Underlying Funds will be subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and in certain circumstances, Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) exemptive orders. The Fund may rely on SEC exemptive orders that permit it to invest in certain Underlying Fund shares beyond the limits contained in the 1940 Act, subject to the terms and conditions of those exemptive orders. By investing in securities of an Underlying Fund, the Fund’s shareholders will indirectly bear the fees and expenses of that Underlying Fund in addition to the Fund’s own fees and expenses. Pursuant to SEC rules, the Fund may invest in shares of affiliated and unaffiliated money market funds, subject to the conditions described below under “Fund of Funds Structure.”

 

Open-End Mutual Funds

 

Open-end mutual funds are investment companies that issue new shares continuously and redeem shares daily. The risks of investing in open-end mutual funds typically reflect securities in which the open-end funds invest. The net asset value per share of an open-end fund will fluctuate daily depending upon the performance of the securities held by the fund. Open-end mutual funds are offered in a wide variety of asset classes including: large cap, mid cap, small cap, equity, international, sector, fixed-income and alternative non-traditional strategies. Each type of fund may have a different investment objective and strategy and different investment portfolio. Different funds may also be subject to different risks, volatility and fees and expenses. When the Fund invests in shares of an open-end fund, shareholders of the Fund bear their proportionate share of the open-end funds’ fees and expenses, as well as their share of the Fund’s fees and expenses.

 

Closed-End Funds

 

Closed-end funds are investment companies that typically issue a fixed number of shares that trade on a securities exchange or over-the-counter. The risks of investment in closed-end funds typically reflect the risk of the types of securities in which the funds invest. Investments in closed-end funds are subject to the additional risk that shares of the fund may trade at a premium or discount to their net asset value per share. Closed-end funds come in many varieties and can have different investment objectives, strategies and investment portfolios. They also can be subject to different risks, volatility and fees and expenses. When the Fund invests in shares of a closed-end fund, shareholders of the Fund bear their proportionate share of the closed-end fund’s fees and expenses, as well as their share of the Fund’s fees and expenses.

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Exchange Traded Funds and Other Similar Instruments

 

Shares of ETFs and other similar instruments may be purchased by the Fund. Generally, an ETF is an investment company that is registered under the 1940 Act that holds a portfolio of securities designed to track the performance of a particular index or index segment. Similar instruments, used by pools that are not investment companies, offer similar characteristics and may be designed to track the performance of an index or basket of securities of companies engaged in a particular market or sector. ETFs sell and redeem their shares at net asset value in large blocks (typically 50,000 of its shares) called “creation units.” Shares representing fractional interests in these creation units are listed for trading on national securities exchanges and can be purchased and sold in the secondary market in lots of any size at any time during the trading day.

 

Investments in ETFs and other similar instruments involve certain inherent risks generally associated with investments in a broadly-based portfolio of stocks including: (i) risks that the general level of stock prices may decline, thereby adversely affecting the value of each unit of the ETF or other instrument; (ii) an ETF may not fully replicate the performance of its benchmark index because of temporary unavailability of certain index securities in the secondary market or discrepancies between the ETF and the index with respect to the weightings of securities or number of stocks held; (iii) an ETF may also be adversely affected by the performance of the specific index, market sector or group of industries on which it is based; and (iv) an ETF may not track an index as well as a traditional index mutual fund because ETFs are valued by the market and, therefore, there may be a difference between the market value and the ETF’s net asset value. The Fund may both purchase and effect short sales of shares of ETFs and may also purchase and sell options on shares of ETFs. These investments may be used for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return (which is considered a speculative activity).

 

Because ETFs and pools that issue similar instruments incur various fees and expenses, the Fund’s investment in these instruments will involve certain indirect costs, as well as transaction costs, such as brokerage commissions. The Adviser will consider expenses associated with an investment in determining whether to invest in an ETF or other instrument. In the case of ETFs that are investment companies, they invest substantially all of their assets in securities of various securities indices or a particular segment of a securities index. Most ETFs are listed and traded on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (“Arca”). The market price of ETFs is expected to fluctuate in accordance with both changes in the asset values of their underlying indices and supply and demand of an ETF’s shares on the Arca. ETFs may trade at relatively modest discounts or premiums to net asset value. In general, most ETFs have a limited operating history and information may be lacking regarding the actual performance and trading liquidity of such shares for extended periods or over complete market cycles. In addition, there is no assurance that the requirements of the Arca necessary to maintain the listing of ETFs in which the Fund invests will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. In the event substantial market or other disruptions affecting the shares of ETFs held by the Fund should occur in the future, the liquidity and value of that Fund’s shares could also be adversely affected. If such disruptions were to occur, that Fund could be required to reconsider the use of ETFs as part of its investment strategy.

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Investments in a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary

 

Investments in a Subsidiary by the Fund are expected to provide the Fund with exposure to certain instruments and markets within the limitations of the Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and recent Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) IRS revenue rulings.

 

It is expected that the Subsidiary will invest primarily in derivative instruments, including, but not limited to, futures contracts, swaps, and options. Although the Fund may enter into these derivative instruments directly, the Fund likely will gain exposure to these derivative instruments indirectly by investing in the Subsidiary. When the Adviser believes that these derivative instruments are better suited to provide exposure to the certain markets, such as the commodities market, than other instruments, the Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary will likely increase. The Subsidiary also will invest in inflation-protected securities and other fixed income instruments, which are intended to serve as collateral for the Subsidiary’s derivatives positions. To the extent that the Fund invests in a Subsidiary, it will be subject to the risks associated with those derivative instruments and other securities, which are discussed elsewhere, as if the Fund were investing in those derivative instruments and other securities directly rather than through the Subsidiary.

 

The Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act and is not subject to all of the investor protections of the 1940 Act. The Subsidiary has the same investment objective and is subject to substantially the same investment policies and investment restrictions as the Fund, except that the Subsidiary (unlike the Fund) may invest without limitation in commodity swaps and other commodity-linked derivative instruments. However, for purposes of assessing compliance with the Fund’s fundamental and non-fundamental investment limitations as well as compliance with certain capital structure and leverage requirements of the 1940 Act, the Fund will look through to the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary will also be subject to the same compliance policies and procedures as the Fund. In addition, the Fund wholly owns and controls the Subsidiary, and the Adviser acts as adviser to the Fund and the Subsidiary.

 

Exchange-Traded Notes

 

The Fund and Underlying Funds may invest in exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”). ETNs are securities that combine aspects of a bond and an ETF. ETN returns are based upon the performance of a market index or other reference asset less fees, and can be held to maturity as a debt security. ETNs are traded on a securities exchange. Their value is based on their reference index or strategy and the credit quality of the issuer. ETNs are subject to the additional risk that they may trade at a premium or discount to value attributable to their reference index. When the Fund invests in an ETN, shareholders of the Fund bear their proportionate share of the ETN’s fees and expenses, as well as their share of the Fund’s fees and expenses. There may also not be an active trading market available for some ETNs. Additionally, trading of ETNs may be halted or delisted by the listing exchange.

 

Warrants and Rights

 

The Fund may invest in warrants and rights. Warrants are securities that are usually issued together with a debt security or preferred stock and that give the holder the right to buy a proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price until a stated expiration date. Buying a warrant generally can provide a greater potential for profit or loss than an investment of equivalent amounts in the underlying common stock. The market value of a warrant does not necessarily move with the value of the underlying securities. If a holder does not sell the warrant, it risks the loss of its entire investment if the market price of the underlying security does not, before the expiration date, exceed the exercise price of the warrant. Investing in warrants is a speculative activity. Warrants pay no dividends and confer no rights (other than the right to purchase the underlying securities) with respect to the assets of the issuer. A right is a privilege granted, typically to existing shareholders of a corporation, to subscribe for shares of a new issue of stock before it is issued. Rights normally have a short life, usually two to four weeks, may be freely transferable and generally entitle the holder to buy the new common stock at a lower price than the public offering price.

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Commodity Risk

 

Exposure to investments in the commodities market may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. Commodities include metals, energy, agricultural products, livestock and minerals. The Fund, either directly or indirectly through certain Underlying Investment Strategies, may buy certain commodities (such as gold) or may invest in commodity-linked derivative instruments. The value of commodities and commodity contracts are affected by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to: global supply and demand, changes in interest rates, commodity index volatility, and factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargos, government regulation, tariffs and taxes, world events and economic, political and regulatory developments. The Fund’s ability to invest in or have exposure to investments in the commodities market may be significantly limited by the federal income tax rules applicable to regulated investment companies.

 

Concentration Risk

 

Some Underlying Investment Strategies may be concentrated in a narrow industry. Concentration risk results from maintaining exposure to issuers conducting business in a specific industry. The risk of concentrating investments in a limited number of issuers in a particular industry is that an Underlying Investment Strategy will be more susceptible to the risks associated with that industry than a fund that does not concentrate its investments. An index-based Underlying Investment Strategy may have significant exposure to individual companies or industry sectors that constitute a significant portion of the referenced index. As a result, such an Underlying Investment Strategy will be more susceptible to the risks associated with that specific company or industry sector, which may be different from the risks generally associated with the companies contained in the index. In addition, the Fund limits its investments to a limited universe of investment companies that focus on hedging or alternative investment strategies.

 

Derivatives

 

The Fund may engage in a variety of derivative transactions in accordance with the applicable rules of the CFTC, and, to the extent applicable, the rules and regulations of certain national or foreign exchanges; however, no Fund will be obligated to use derivatives and no Fund makes any representation as to the availability of these techniques at this time or at any time in the future. Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index and may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities, related indexes and other assets. The types of derivatives in which the Fund may invest include, but are not limited to, total return swaps, interest rate, currency or stock or bond index futures contracts, currency forward contracts and currency swaps, the purchase and sale (or writing) of exchange listed and over-the-counter (“OTC”) put and call options on debt and equity securities, currencies, interest rate, currency or stock index futures and fixed-income and stock indices and other financial instruments, entering into various interest rate transactions such as swaps, caps floors, and collars, entering into equity swaps, caps and floors, the purchase and sale of indexed debt securities or trading in other similar types of instruments.

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The use of total return swaps on Underlying Pools allows the Fund to obtain net long or net negative/short exposures to specific securities, securities indices, interest rates, credits, or currencies without having actually to purchase or sell underlying securities or other instruments. The use of derivative instruments may allow the investment manager to make tactical allocations with fewer transaction costs than it might otherwise incur but changing allocations to the Underlying Funds or Sub-Advisers. Swap agreements, such as total return swaps, are contracts between the Fund and, typically a brokerage firm or other financial institution (the swap counterparty) for periods ranging from a few days to multiple years. In a basic swap transaction, the Fund agrees with its counterparty to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on a particular “notional amount” of underling instruments. The notional amount is the set amount selected by the parties as the basis on which to calculate the obligations that they have agreed to exchange. The parties typically do not actually exchange the notional amount. Instead, they agree to exchange the returns that would be earned or realized if the notional amount were invested in the given instruments. In a total return swap, the Fund and the swap counterparty agree to “swap” the total return (including typically, income and capital gains distributions, principal prepayment, credit losses, etc.) of an underlying reference asset (such as an index, security or a managed account) in exchange for a regular payment, at a floating rate, at a fixed rate, or the total rate of return on another financial instrument. The Fund may take either position in a total return swap (i.e., the Fund may receive or pay the total return on the underlying reference asset or index).

 

Derivatives may also be used, among other reasons, as part of the Fund’s investment strategy, to attempt to protect against possible changes in the market value of securities held or to be purchased for the Fund’s portfolio resulting from securities markets or currency exchange rate fluctuations, to protect the Fund’s unrealized gains in the value of its securities, to facilitate the sale of those securities for investment purposes, to manage the effective maturity or duration of the Fund’s portfolio or to establish a position in the derivatives markets as a temporary substitute for purchasing or selling particular securities or to seek to enhance the Fund’s income or gain. A Fund may use any or all types of derivatives which it is authorized to use at any time; no particular strategy will dictate the use of one type of transaction rather than another, as use of any authorized derivative will be a function of numerous variables, including market conditions. The ability of the Fund to utilize derivatives successfully will depend on numerous factors including the Adviser’s ability to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. These skills are different from those needed to select the Fund’s portfolio securities.

 

Subject to the constraints described above, the Fund may (if and to the extent so authorized) purchase and sell interest rate, currency or stock or bond index futures contracts and enter into currency forward contracts and currency swaps; purchase and sell (or write) exchange listed and OTC put and call options on securities, loan participations and assignments, currencies, futures contracts, indices and other financial instruments, and the Fund may enter into interest rate transactions, equity swaps and related transactions and other similar transactions which may be developed to the extent the Adviser determines that they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies and applicable regulatory requirements. A Fund’s interest rate transactions may take the form of swaps, caps, floors and collars, and the Fund’s currency transactions may take the form of currency forward contracts, currency futures contracts, currency swaps and options on currencies or currency futures contracts.

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Derivatives involve special risks, including possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to the extent the Adviser’s view as to certain market movements is incorrect, the risk that the use of derivatives could result in significantly greater losses than if it had not been used. Total return swaps could result in losses if the reference index, security, or managed account do not perform as anticipated. The use of swaps may not always be successful; using them could lower the Fund’s total return, their prices can be highly volatile, and the potential loss from the use of swaps can exceed the Fund’s initial investment in such instruments. Also, the other party to a swap agreement could default on its obligations or refuse to cash out the Fund’s investment at a reasonable price, which could turn an expected gain into a loss. Losses resulting from the use of derivatives will reduce the Fund’s net asset value, and possibly income, and the losses may be significantly greater than if derivatives had not been used. The degree of the Fund’s use of derivatives may be limited by certain provisions of the Code. When used, derivatives may increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxes payable by shareholders. See “Federal Income Taxes.”

 

The Fund’s use of certain derivatives is subject to the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) and the rules and regulations of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”). The Adviser is a registered commodity pool operator under the CEA.

 

Currency Transactions

 

The Fund may engage in currency transactions with counterparties to hedge the value of portfolio securities denominated in particular currencies against fluctuations in relative value, to gain or reduce exposure to certain currencies or to generate income or gains.

 

Currency transactions include currency forward contracts, exchange-listed currency futures contracts and options thereon, exchange-listed and OTC options on currencies and currency swaps. A forward currency contract involves a privately negotiated obligation to purchase or sell (with delivery generally required) a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. A currency swap is an agreement to exchange cash flows based on the notional difference among two or more currencies and operates similarly to an interest rate swap, which is described below under “Interest Rate and Equity Swaps and Related Transactions.”

 

The Fund may enter into a forward contract to sell, for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars, the amount of that currency approximating the value of some or all of the Fund’s portfolio securities denominated in such currency. For example, the Fund may do this if the Adviser believes that the currency of a particular country may decline in relation to the U.S. dollar. Forward contracts may limit potential gain from a positive change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. Transaction hedging includes entering into a currency transaction with respect to specific assets or liabilities of the Fund, which will generally arise in connection with the purchase or sale of portfolio securities or the receipt of income from them. Position hedging is entering into a currency transaction with respect to portfolio securities positions denominated or generally quoted in that currency.

 

The Fund may cross-hedge currencies by entering into transactions to purchase or sell one or more currencies that are expected to increase or decline in value relative to other currencies to which the Fund has or in which the Fund expects to have exposure. To reduce the effect of currency fluctuations on the value of existing or anticipated holdings of its securities, the Fund may also engage in proxy hedging. Proxy hedging is often used when the currency to which the Fund’s holdings is exposed is difficult to hedge generally or difficult to hedge against the dollar. Proxy hedging entails entering into a forward contract to sell a currency, the changes in the value of which are generally considered to be linked to a currency or currencies in which some or all of the Fund’s securities are or are expected to be denominated and to buy dollars.

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If the Fund enters into a currency hedging transaction, the Fund will comply with the asset segregation requirements described below under “Use of Segregated and Other Special Accounts.”

 

Currency hedging involves some of the same risks and considerations as other derivative transactions. Currency transactions can result in losses to the Fund if the currency being hedged fluctuates in value to a degree or in a direction that is not anticipated. Further, the risk exists that the perceived linkage between various currencies may not be present or may not be present during the particular time that the Fund is engaging in these transactions. Currency transactions are also subject to risks different from those of other portfolio transactions. Because currency control is of great importance to the issuing governments and influences economic planning and policy, purchases and sales of currency and related instruments can be adversely affected by government exchange controls, limitations or restrictions on repatriation of currency and manipulations or exchange restrictions imposed by governments. These forms of governmental actions can result in losses to the Fund if it is unable to deliver or receive currency or monies in settlement of obligations and could also cause hedges it has entered into to be rendered useless, resulting in full currency exposure as well as incurring transaction costs. Buyers and sellers of currency futures contracts are subject to the same risks that apply to the use of futures contracts generally. Further, settlement of a currency futures contract for the purchase of most currencies must occur at a bank based in the issuing nation. Trading options on currency futures contracts is relatively new, and the ability to establish and close out positions on these options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid market that may not always be available. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate based on factors extrinsic to that country’s economy.

 

Futures Contracts

 

Generally, a futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified quantity of a financial instrument, foreign currency or the cash value of an index at a specified price and time. The Fund may enter into futures contracts and related options as permitted under CFTC Rules. The Adviser expects that the Fund’s futures transactions will generally include transactions: (i) on domestic and foreign exchanges on currencies, interest rates and bond indices; and (ii) on domestic and, to the extent permitted by the CFTC, foreign exchanges on stock indices.

 

CFTC regulations governing the use of commodity interests, including certain futures contracts, by investment companies such as the Fund may be subject to amendment. Amendments to such regulations by the CFTC may affect the ability of the Fund to use futures and commodity interests, and could affect the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

 

Futures contracts are generally bought and sold on the commodities exchanges on which they are listed with payment of initial and variation margin as described below. The sale of a futures contract creates a firm obligation by the Fund, as seller, to deliver to the buyer the specific type of financial instrument called for in the contract at a specific future time for a specified price (or, with respect to certain instruments, the net cash amount). The Fund may use futures contracts and related options for hedging purposes and for investment purposes. The Fund’s use of financial futures contracts and options thereon will in all cases be consistent with applicable regulatory requirements and in particular the rules and regulations of the CFTC. Maintaining a futures contract or selling an option on a futures contract will typically require the Fund to deposit with a financial intermediary, as security for its obligations, an amount of cash or other specified assets (“initial margin”) that initially is from 1% to 10% of the face amount of the contract (but may be higher in some circumstances). Additional cash or assets (“variation margin”) may be required to be deposited thereafter daily as the mark-to-market value of the futures contract fluctuates. The value of all futures contracts sold by the Fund (adjusted for the historical volatility relationship between the Fund and the contracts) will not exceed the total market value of the Fund’s securities. The Fund will designate assets with respect to futures contracts and options thereon as described below under “Use of Segregated and Other Special Accounts.”

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Interest Rate Futures Contracts

 

The Fund may enter into interest rate futures contracts, for example, in order to protect it from fluctuations in interest rates without necessarily buying or selling fixed income securities. An interest rate futures contract is an agreement to take or make delivery of either: (i) an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of a particular debt security or index of debt securities at the beginning and at the end of the contract period; or (ii) a specified amount of a particular debt security at a future date at a price set at time of the contract. For example, if the Fund owns bonds, and interest rates are expected to increase, the Fund might sell futures contracts on debt securities having characteristics similar to those held in the portfolio. Such a sale would have much the same effect as selling an equivalent value of the bonds owned by the Fund. If interest rates did increase, the value of the debt securities in the portfolio would decline, but the value of the futures contracts to the Fund would increase at approximately the same rate, thereby keeping the net asset value of the Fund from declining as much as it otherwise would have. The Fund could accomplish similar results by selling bonds with longer maturities and investing in bonds with shorter maturities when interest rates are expected to increase. However, because the futures market may be more liquid than the cash market, the use of futures contracts as a risk management technique allows the Fund to take a position without having to sell its portfolio securities. Similarly, when the Adviser expects that interest rates may decline, the Fund may purchase interest rate futures contracts in an attempt to hedge against having to make subsequently anticipated purchases of bonds at the higher prices subsequently expected to prevail. Since the fluctuations in the value of appropriately selected futures contracts should be similar to that of the bonds that will be purchased, the Fund could take advantage of the anticipated rise in the cost of the bonds without actually buying them until the market had stabilized.

 

The use of options and futures transactions entails risks. In particular, the variable degree of correlation between price movements of futures contracts and price movements in the related portfolio position of the Fund could create the possibility that losses on the derivative will be greater than gains in the value of the Fund’s position. In addition, futures and options markets could be illiquid in some circumstances and certain OTC options could have no markets. The Fund might not be able to close out certain positions without incurring substantial losses. To the extent the Fund utilizes futures and options transactions for hedging, such transactions should tend to decrease the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged position and, at the same time, limit any potential gain to the Fund that might result from an increase in value of the position. There is also the risk of loss by the Fund of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom the Fund has an open position in a futures contract or option thereon. Finally, the daily variation margin requirements for futures contracts create a greater ongoing potential financial risk than would purchases of options, in which case the exposure is limited to the cost of the initial premium and transaction costs.

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Options

 

A put option gives the purchaser of the option, upon payment of a premium, the right to sell, and the writer of the option the obligation to buy (if the option is exercised), the underlying security, index, currency or other instrument at the exercise price. The Fund’s purchase of a put option on a security, for example, might be designed to protect its holdings in the underlying instrument (or, in some cases, a similar instrument) against a substantial decline in the market value of such instrument by giving the Fund the right to sell the instrument at the option exercise price. A call option, upon payment of a premium, gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy (if the option is exercised), and the seller the obligation to sell, the underlying instrument at the exercise price. The Fund’s purchase of a call option on a security, financial futures contract, index, currency or other instrument might be intended to protect the Fund against an increase in the price of the underlying instrument that it intends to purchase in the future by fixing the price at which it may purchase the instrument. An “American” style put or call option may be exercised at any time during the option period, whereas a “European” style put or call option may be exercised only upon expiration or during a fixed period prior to expiration. Exchange-listed options are issued by a regulated intermediary such as the Options Clearing Corporation (“OCC”), which guarantees the performance of the obligations of the parties to the options.

 

In order to hedge against adverse market shifts or to potentially increase income or gain, the Fund may purchase put and call options or write “covered” put and call options on futures contracts on stocks, stock indices, interest rates and currencies. In addition, the Fund may utilize options on currencies in order to hedge against currency exchange rate risks or to gain exposure to one or more currencies. A call option written by the Fund is “covered” so long as the Fund owns: (i) the underlying investment subject to the option; (ii) securities convertible or exchangeable without the payment of any consideration into the securities subject to the option; or (iii) a call option on the relevant security or currency with an exercise price no higher than the exercise price on the call option written. A put option written by the Fund is “covered” if the Fund either (a) designates on its or its custodian records liquid securities having a value at least equal to the exercise price of the underlying investment or (b) has certain offsetting puts. Parties to options transactions must make certain payments and/or set aside certain amounts of assets in connection with each transaction.

 

By writing a call, the Fund will generally limit its opportunity to profit from an increase in the market value of the underlying investment above the exercise price of the option for as long as the Fund’s obligation as writer of the option continues. By writing a put, the Fund will generally limit its opportunity to profit from a decrease in the market value of the underlying investment below the exercise price of the option for as long as the Fund’s obligation as writer of the option continues. Upon the exercise of a put option written by the Fund, the Fund may suffer an economic loss equal to the difference between the price at which the Fund is required to purchase the underlying investment and its market value at the time of the option exercise, less the premium received for writing the option. Upon the exercise of a call option written by the Fund, the Fund may suffer an economic loss equal to an amount not less than the Fund’s acquisition cost of the investment underlying the option, less the sum of the premium received for writing the option and the exercise price paid to the Fund.

 

The Fund may choose to exercise the options it holds, permit them to expire or terminate them prior to their expiration by entering into closing transactions. The Fund may enter into a closing purchase transaction in which the Fund purchases an option having the same terms as the option it had written or a closing sale transaction in which the Fund sells an option having the same terms as the option it had purchased.

 

Exchange-listed options on securities and currencies, with certain exceptions, generally settle by physical delivery of the underlying security or currency, although in the future, cash settlement may become available. Frequently, rather than taking or making delivery of the underlying instrument through the process of exercising the option, listed options are closed by entering into offsetting purchase or sale transactions that do not result in ownership of the new option. Index options are cash settled for the net amount, if any, by which the option is “in-the-money” (that is, the amount by which the value of the underlying instrument exceeds, in the case of a call option, or is less than, in the case of a put option, the exercise price of the option) at the time the option is exercised.

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OTC options are purchased from or sold to securities dealers, financial institutions or other parties (collectively referred to as “counterparties” and individually referred to as a “counterparty”) through a direct bilateral agreement with the counterparty. In contrast to exchange-listed options, which generally have standardized terms and performance mechanics, the terms of an OTC option, including such terms as method of settlement, term, exercise price, premium, guaranties and security, are determined by negotiation of the parties.

 

Unless the parties provide for it, no central clearing or guaranty function is involved in an OTC option. As a result, if a counterparty fails to make or take delivery of the security, currency or other instrument underlying an OTC option it has entered into with the Fund or fails to make a cash settlement payment due in accordance with the terms of that option, the Fund will lose any premium it paid for the option as well as any anticipated benefit of the transaction. Thus, the Adviser must assess the creditworthiness of each such counterparty or any guarantor or credit enhancement of the counterparty’s credit to determine the likelihood that the terms of the OTC option will be met.

 

If the Fund sells a call option, the premium that it receives may serve as a partial hedge, to the extent of the option premium, against a decrease in the value of the underlying securities or instruments held by the Fund or will increase the Fund’s income. Similarly, the sale of put options can also provide gains for the Fund. The Fund may purchase and sell call options on securities that are traded on U.S. and foreign securities exchanges and in the OTC markets, and on securities indices, currencies and futures contracts. All calls sold by the Fund must be “covered” (that is, the Fund must own the securities or futures contract subject to the call), or must otherwise meet the asset segregation requirements described below for so long as the call is outstanding. Even though the Fund will receive the option premium to help protect it against loss, use of options could result in losses to the Fund, force the purchase or sale of portfolio securities at inopportune times or for prices higher or lower than current market values, or cause the Fund to hold a security it might otherwise sell or sell a security it might otherwise hold.

 

A Fund’s ability to close out its position as a purchaser or seller of an OCC-issued or exchange-listed put or call option is dependent, in part, upon the liquidity of the particular option market. Among the possible reasons for the absence of a liquid option market on an exchange are: (i) insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions on transactions imposed by an exchange; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities, including reaching daily price limits; (iv) interruption of the normal operations of the OCC or an exchange; (v) inadequacy of the facilities of an exchange or the OCC to handle current trading volume; or (vi) a decision by one or more exchanges to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the relevant market for that option on that exchange would cease to exist, although any such outstanding options on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

 

The hours of trading for listed options may not coincide with the hours during which the underlying financial instruments are traded. To the extent that the option markets close before the markets for the underlying financial instruments, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that would not be reflected in the corresponding option markets.

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The Fund reserves the right to purchase or sell options on instruments and indices other than those described here and which may be developed in the future to the extent consistent with applicable law, the Fund’s investment objective and the restrictions set forth herein.

 

Options on Stocks and Stock Indices

 

The Fund may purchase put and call options and write covered put and call options on stocks and stock indices in order to hedge against movements in the equity markets or to potentially increase income or gain to the Fund. In addition, the Fund may purchase options on stocks that are traded over-the-counter. Options on stock indices are similar to options on specific securities. However, because options on stock indices do not involve the delivery of an underlying security, the option represents the holder’s right to obtain from the writer cash in an amount equal to a fixed multiple of the amount by which the exercise price exceeds (in the case of a put) or is less than (in the case of a call) the closing value of the underlying stock index on the exercise date. Options are also traded in certain industry or market segment indices such as the Oil Index, the Computer Technology Index, and the Transportation Index. Stock index options are subject to position and exercise limits and other regulations imposed by the exchange on which they are traded.

 

If the Adviser expects general stock market prices to rise, the Fund might purchase a call option on a stock index or a futures contract on that index as a hedge against an increase in prices of particular equity securities it wants ultimately to buy. If the stock index does rise, the price of the particular equity securities intended to be purchased may also increase, but that increase should be offset in part by the increase in the value of the Fund’s index option or futures contract resulting from the increase in the index. If, on the other hand, the Adviser expects general stock market prices to decline, it might purchase a put option or sell a futures contract on the index. If that index does decline, the value of some or all of the equity securities in the Fund’s portfolio may also be expected to decline, but that decrease would be offset in part by the increase in the value of the Fund’s position in such put option or futures contract.

 

Options on Currencies

 

The Fund may invest in options on currencies traded on domestic and foreign securities exchanges in order to hedge against currency exchange rate risks or to increase income or gain, as described above in “Currency Transactions.”

 

Options on Futures Contracts

 

The Fund may purchase put and call options and write covered put and call options on futures contracts on stock indices, interest rates and currencies traded on domestic and, to the extent permitted by the CFTC, foreign exchanges, in order to hedge all or a portion of its investments or to increase income or gain and may enter into closing transactions in order to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected. An option on a stock index futures contract, interest rate futures contract or currency futures contract, as contrasted with the direct investment in such a contract, gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in the underlying contract at a specified exercise price at any time on or before the expiration date of the option. Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account. The potential loss related to the purchase of an option on a futures contract is limited to the premium paid for the option (plus transaction costs). While the price of the option is fixed at the point of sale, the value of the option does change daily and the change would be reflected in the net asset value of the Fund.

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The purchase of an option on a financial futures contract involves payment of a premium for the option without any further obligation on the part of the Fund. If the Fund exercises an option on a futures contract it will be obligated to post initial margin (and potentially variation margin) for the resulting futures position just as it would for any futures position. Futures contracts and options thereon are generally settled by entering into an offsetting transaction, but no assurance can be given that a position can be offset prior to settlement or that delivery will occur.

 

Interest Rate and Equity Swaps and Related Transactions

 

The Fund may enter into interest rate and equity swaps and may purchase or sell (i.e., write) interest rate and equity caps, floors and collars. The Fund expects to enter into these transactions in order to hedge against either a decline in the value of the securities included in the Fund’s portfolio, or against an increase in the price of the securities which it plans to purchase, in order to preserve or maintain a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio or to achieve a particular return on cash balances, or in order to increase income or gain. Interest rate and equity swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to make or receive payments based on a notional principal amount. The purchase of an interest rate or equity cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined level, to receive payments on a contractually-based principal amount from the party selling the interest rate or equity cap. The purchase of an interest rate or equity floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined rate, to receive payments on a contractually-based principal amount from the party selling the interest rate or equity floor. A collar is a combination of a cap and a floor which preserve a certain return within a predetermined range of values.

 

The Fund will usually enter into interest rate and equity swaps on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out), with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each interest rate or equity swap will generally be accrued on a daily basis, and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate net asset value at least equal to the accrued excess will be designated to cover such liability. If the Fund enters into an interest rate or equity swap on other than a net basis, the Fund will designate the full amount accrued on a daily basis of the Fund’s obligations with respect to the swap.

 

The use of interest rate and equity swaps is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates and other applicable factors, the investment performance of the Fund would diminish compared with what it would have been if these investment techniques were not utilized. Moreover, even if the Adviser is correct in its forecasts, there is a risk that the swap position may correlate imperfectly with the price of the asset or liability being hedged.

 

As is the case with futures and options strategies, the effective use of swaps and related transactions by the Fund may depend, among other things, on the Fund’s ability to terminate the transactions at times when the Adviser deems it desirable to do so. To the extent the Fund does not, or cannot, terminate such a transaction in a timely manner, the Fund may suffer a loss in excess of any amounts that it may have received, or expected to receive, as a result of entering into the transaction.

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The liquidity of swap agreements will be determined by the Adviser based on various factors, including (i) the frequency of trades and quotations, (ii) the number of dealers and prospective purchasers in the marketplace, (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market, (iv) the nature of the security (including any demand or tender features), and (v) the nature of the marketplace for trades (including the ability to assign or offset the Fund’s rights and obligations relating to the investment).

 

There is no limit on the amount of interest rate and equity swap transactions that may be entered into by the Fund. The effective use of swaps and related transactions by the Fund may depend, among other things, on the Fund’s ability to terminate the transactions at times when the Adviser deems it desirable to do so. Because swaps and related transactions are bilateral contractual arrangements between the Fund and counterparties to the transactions, the Fund’s ability to terminate such an arrangement may be considerably more limited than in the case of an exchange traded instrument. To the extent the Fund does not, or cannot, terminate such a transaction in a timely manner, the Fund may suffer a loss in excess of any amounts that it may have received, or expected to receive, as a result of entering into the transaction. If the other party to a swap defaults, the Fund’s risk of loss is the net amount of payments that the Fund contractually is entitled to receive, if any. A Fund may purchase and sell caps, floors and collars without limitation, subject to the segregated account requirement described above.

 

Credit Default Swaps

 

The Fund may enter into credit default swap contracts for hedging purposes or to add leverage to its portfolio. When used for hedging purposes, the Fund would be the buyer of a credit default swap contract. In that case, the Fund would be entitled to receive the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation, index or other investment from the counterparty to the contract in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or foreign issuer, on the referenced debt obligation. In return, the Fund would pay to the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the Fund would have spent the stream of payments and received no benefit from the contract. When the Fund is the seller of a credit default swap contract, it receives the stream of payments but is obligated to pay upon default of the referenced debt obligation. As the seller, the Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. When the Fund is a seller of credit default swaps, it will segregate the full notional amount of the credit default swap.

 

In addition to the risks applicable to derivatives generally, credit default swaps involve special risks because they are difficult to value, are highly susceptible to liquidity and credit risk, and generally pay a return to the party that has paid the premium only in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation, as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial difficulty.

 

Credit default swaps may be subject to regulation by the CFTC, SEC or both. Both the CFTC and the SEC have issued guidance and relief regarding the implementation of various provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) relating to the use of swaps. As they attempt to finalize various rulemakings mandated by the Dodd-Frank Act, either or both of the CFTC and SEC may issue additional guidance or relief to provide additional clarity. Further action by the CFTC or SEC may affect the Fund’s ability to use credit default swaps or may require additional disclosure by the Fund.

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Indexed Securities

 

The Fund may purchase securities whose prices are indexed to the prices of other securities, securities indices, currencies, or other financial indicators. Indexed securities typically, but not always, are debt securities or deposits whose value at maturity or coupon rate is determined by reference to a specific instrument or statistic. Currency-indexed securities typically are short-term to intermediate-term debt securities whose maturity values or interest rates are determined by reference to the values of one or more specified foreign currencies, and may offer higher yields than U.S. dollar-denominated securities of equivalent issuers. Currency-indexed securities may be positively or negatively indexed; that is, their maturity value may increase when the specified currency value increases, resulting in a security that performs similarly to a foreign currency-denominated instrument, or their maturity value may decline when foreign currencies increase, resulting in a security whose price characteristics are similar to a put on the underlying currency. Currency-indexed securities may also have prices that depend on the values of a number of different foreign currencies relative to each other.

 

Because the amount of interest and/or principal payments which the issuer of indexed debt securities is obligated to make is linked to the prices of other securities, securities indices, currencies, or other financial indicators, such payments may be significantly greater or less than payment obligations in respect of other types of debt securities. As a result, an investment in indexed debt securities may be considered speculative. Moreover, the performance of indexed securities depends to a great extent on the performance of and may be more volatile than the security, currency, or other instrument to which they are indexed, and may also be influenced by interest rate changes in the United States and abroad. At the same time, indexed securities are subject to the credit risks associated with the issuer of the security, and their values may decline substantially if the issuer’s creditworthiness deteriorates.

 

Losses resulting from the use of derivatives will reduce the Fund’s net asset value, and possibly income, and the losses can be greater than if derivatives had not been used.

 

Combined Transactions

 

The Fund may enter into multiple transactions, including multiple options transactions, multiple futures transactions, multiple currency transactions (including forward currency contracts), multiple interest rate transactions and any combination of futures, options, currency and interest rate transactions, instead of a single derivative, as part of a single or combined strategy when, in the judgment of the Adviser, it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so. A combined transaction will usually contain elements of risk that are present in each of its component transactions. Although combined transactions will normally be entered into by the Fund based on the Adviser’s judgment that the combined strategies will reduce risk or otherwise more effectively achieve the desired portfolio management goal, it is possible that the combination will instead increase the risks or hinder achievement of the Fund’s investment objective.

 

Use of Segregated and Other Special Accounts

 

Use of many derivatives by the Fund will require, among other things, that the Fund designate liquid assets to cover its obligations under the derivative to the extent the Fund’s obligations are not otherwise “covered” through ownership of the underlying security, financial instrument or currency or otherwise. In general, either the full amount of any obligation by the Fund to pay or deliver securities or assets must be covered at all times by the securities, instruments or currency required to be delivered, or, subject to any regulatory restrictions, an amount of liquid assets at least equal to the current amount of the obligation must be designated. The options entered into by the Fund, including those on securities, currency, financial instruments or indices, and OCC-issued and exchange-listed index options may provide for cash settlement or for physical delivery. In the case of derivative contracts that do not cash settle, for example, the Fund will typically set aside liquid assets equal to the full notional value of the derivative contracts while the positions are open. With respect to derivative contracts that do cash settle, however, the Fund may set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligations (i.e., the Fund’s daily net liability) under the derivative contracts, if any, rather than their full notional value. The Fund reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future to, among other things, comply with any changes in the positions from time to time articulated by the SEC or its staff regarding asset segregation. By setting aside assets equal to only its net obligations under cash-settled derivative contracts, the Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to segregate assets equal to the full notional amount of the derivative contracts.

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Derivatives may be covered by means other than those described above when consistent with applicable regulatory policies. The Fund may also enter into offsetting transactions so that its combined position, coupled with any segregated assets, equals its net outstanding obligation in related derivatives. The Fund could purchase a put option, for example, if the strike price of that option is the same as or higher than the strike price of a put option sold by the Fund. Moreover, instead of designating assets if it holds a futures contract or forward contract, the Fund could purchase a put option on the same futures contract or forward contract with a strike price as high as or higher than the price of the contract held. Other derivatives may also be offset in combinations. If the offsetting transaction terminates at the time of or after the primary transaction, no segregation is required, but if it terminates prior to that time, assets equal to any remaining obligation would need to be segregated.

 

Risks of Derivatives Outside the United States

 

When conducted outside the United States, derivatives may not be regulated as rigorously as in the United States, may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees, and will be subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities, currencies and other instruments. In addition, the price of any foreign futures or foreign options contract and, therefore, the potential profit and loss thereon, may be affected by any variance in the foreign exchange rate between the time an order is placed and the time it is liquidated, offset or exercised. The value of positions taken as part of non-U.S. derivatives also could be adversely affected by: (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic factors; (ii) lesser availability of data on which to make trading decisions than in the United States; (iii) delays in the Fund’s ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets during nonbusiness hours in the United States; (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the United States; and (v) lower trading volume and liquidity.

 

Short Sales

 

The Fund may make short sales of securities consistent with its strategies. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline.

 

When the Fund makes a short sale, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale as collateral for its obligation to deliver the security upon conclusion of the sale. The Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and is often obligated to pay over any accrued interest and dividends on such borrowed securities.

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If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time that the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.

 

To the extent that the Fund engages in short sales, it will provide collateral to the broker-dealer and (except in the case of short sales “against the box”) will maintain additional asset coverage in the form of segregated or “earmarked” assets that the Adviser determines to be liquid in accordance with procedures established by the Board and that is equal to the current market value of the securities sold short, or will ensure that such positions are covered by “offsetting” positions, until the Fund replaces the borrowed security. A short sale is “against the box” to the extent that the Fund contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. The Fund may engage in short selling to the extent permitted by the federal securities laws and rules and interpretations thereunder. To the extent the Fund engages in short selling in foreign (non-U.S.) jurisdictions, the Fund will do so to the extent permitted by the laws and regulations of such jurisdiction.

 

Non-U.S. Securities

 

Investors should recognize that investing in the securities of non-U.S. issuers generally, and particularly in emerging market issuers, involves special considerations which are not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. issuers. Investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers may involve risks arising from differences between U.S. and non-U.S. securities markets, including less volume, much greater price volatility in and relative illiquidity of non-U.S. securities markets, different trading and settlement practices, and less governmental supervision and regulation, from changes in currency exchange rates, from high and volatile rates of inflation, from economic, social and political conditions and, as with domestic multinational corporations, from fluctuating interest rates.

 

Since most non-U.S. securities are denominated in non-U.S. currencies or traded primarily in securities markets in which settlements are made in non-U.S. currencies, the value of these investments and the net investment income available for distribution to shareholders of the Fund may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency exchange rates or exchange control regulations. Because the Fund may purchase securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies, a change in the value of any such currency against the U.S. dollar will result in a change in the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets and the Fund’s income available for distribution. A Fund’s foreign currency transactions may give rise to ordinary income or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency.

 

In addition, although the Fund’s income may be received or realized in foreign currencies, the Fund will be required to compute and distribute its income in U.S. dollars. Therefore, if the value of a currency relative to the U.S. dollar declines after the Fund’s income has been earned in that currency, translated into U.S. dollars and declared as a dividend, but before payment of such dividend, the Fund could be required to liquidate portfolio securities to pay such dividend. Similarly, if the value of a currency relative to the U.S. dollar declines between the time the Fund incurs expenses or other obligations in U.S. dollars in order to pay such expenses in U.S. dollars will be greater than the equivalent amount in such currency of such expenses at the time they were incurred.

 

Certain markets are in only the earliest stages of development.  There is also a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of investors and financial intermediaries.  Many of such markets also may be affected by developments with respect to more established markets in the region. Brokers in non-U.S. and emerging market countries typically are fewer in number and less capitalized than brokers in the United States.  These factors, combined with the U.S. regulatory requirements for open-end investment companies and the restrictions on foreign investment, result in potentially fewer investment opportunities for the Fund and may have an adverse impact on the investment performance of the Fund.  There generally is less governmental supervision and regulation of exchanges, brokers and issuers in non-U.S. countries than there is in the United States. For example, there may be no comparable provisions under certain non-U.S. laws to insider trading and similar investor protection securities laws that apply with respect to securities transactions consummated in the United States. Further, brokerage commissions and other transaction costs on non-U.S. securities exchanges generally are higher than in the United States. With respect to investments in certain emerging market countries, less comprehensive legal systems may have an adverse impact on the Fund. For example, while the potential liability of a shareholder in a U.S. corporation with respect to acts of the corporation is generally limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment, the notion of limited liability is less clear in emerging market countries. Similarly, the rights of investors in emerging market companies may be more limited than those of shareholders of U.S. corporations.

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Other investment risks include the possible imposition of foreign withholding taxes on certain amounts of the Fund’s income which may reduce the net return on non-U.S. investments as compared to income received from a U.S. issuer, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign assets and the possible establishment of exchange controls, expropriation, confiscatory taxation, other foreign governmental laws or restrictions which might affect adversely payments due on securities held by the Fund, the lack of extensive operating experience of eligible foreign sub-custodians, and legal limitations on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by a foreign sub-custodian in the event of the sub-custodian’s bankruptcy.

 

In addition, there may be less publicly-available information about a non-U.S. issuer than about a U.S. issuer, and non-U.S. issuers may not be subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial record-keeping standards and requirements as U.S. issuers. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of an emerging market country issuer may not reflect its financial position or results of operations in the way they would be reflected had the financial statements been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In addition, for an issuer that keeps accounting records in local currency, inflation accounting rules may require, for both tax and accounting purposes, that certain assets and liabilities be restated on the issuer’s balance sheet in order to express items in terms of currency of constant purchasing power. Inflation accounting may indirectly generate losses or profits. Consequently, financial data may be materially affected by restatements for inflation and may not accurately reflect the real condition of those issuers and securities markets. Finally, in the event of a default of any such foreign obligations, it may be more difficult for the Fund to obtain or enforce a judgment against the issuers of such obligations. The manner in which foreign investors may invest in companies in certain emerging market countries, as well as limitations on such investments, also may have an adverse impact on the operations of the Fund. For example, the Fund may be required in certain of such countries to invest initially through a local broker or other entity and then have the shares purchased re-registered in the name of the Fund. Re-registration may in some instances not be able to occur on a timely basis, resulting in a delay during which the Fund may be denied certain of its rights as an investor.

 

Non-U.S. markets have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have failed to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Further, satisfactory custodial services for investment securities may not be available in some countries having smaller emerging markets, which may result in the Fund incurring additional costs and delays in transporting and custodying such securities outside such countries. Delays in settlement or other problems could result in periods when assets of the Fund are uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of the Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems or the risk of intermediary counterparty failures could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. The inability to dispose of a portfolio security due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in the value of such portfolio security or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the security, could result in possible liability to the purchaser.

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Securities Related Activities

 

In some countries, banks or other financial institutions may constitute a substantial number of the leading companies or companies with the most actively traded securities. The 1940 Act limits the Fund’s ability to invest in any equity security of an issuer which, in its most recent fiscal year, derived more than 15% of its revenues from “securities related activities,” as defined by the rules thereunder. These provisions may also restrict the Fund’s investments in certain non-U.S. banks and other financial institutions.

 

Non-U.S. Sub-custodians

 

Rules adopted under the 1940 Act permit the Fund to maintain its non-U.S. securities and cash in the custody of certain eligible non-U.S. banks and securities depositories.

 

Certain banks in non-U.S. countries may not be eligible sub-custodians for either Fund, in which event the Fund may be precluded from purchasing securities in certain non-U.S. countries in which it otherwise would invest or which may result in the Fund’s incurring additional costs and delays in providing transportation and custody services for such securities outside of such countries. A Fund may encounter difficulties in effecting on a timely basis portfolio transactions with respect to any securities of issuers held outside their countries. Other banks that are eligible non-U.S. sub-custodians may be recently organized or otherwise lack extensive operating experience. In addition, in certain countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by non-U.S. sub-custodians in the event of the bankruptcy of the sub-custodian.

 

Credit Ratings

 

The securities in which either Fund will invest will not be required to meet a minimum rating standard and may not be rated for creditworthiness by any internationally recognized credit rating organization. Such securities, commonly referred to as “junk bonds,” involve significantly greater risks, including price volatility and risk of default of payment of interest and principal than higher rated securities. An investment in either Fund should not be considered as a complete investment program for all investors. Moreover, substantial investments in non-U.S. securities may have adverse tax implications as described under “Federal Income Taxes.”

 

The Adviser will take various factors into consideration in evaluating the creditworthiness of an issuer. For corporate debt securities, such factors typically include the issuer’s financial resources, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, the operating history of the issuer, and the experience and track record of the issuer’s management. For sovereign debt instruments, these will typically include the economic and political conditions within the issuer’s country, the issuer’s overall and external debt levels and debt service ratios, the issuer’s access to capital markets and other sources of funding, and the issuer’s debt service payment history. The Adviser will also review the ratings, if any, assigned to the security by any recognized rating organizations, although the Adviser’s judgment as to the quality of a debt security may differ from that suggested by the rating published by a rating service. In addition to the foregoing credit analysis, the Adviser will evaluate the relative value of an investment compared with its perceived credit risk. A Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective may be more dependent on the Adviser’s credit analysis than would be the case if it invested in higher quality debt securities. A description of the ratings used by Moody’s and S&P is set forth in Appendix A.

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Emerging Market Countries

 

Certain of the risks associated with international investments and investing in smaller capital markets are heightened for investments in emerging market countries.  For example, some of the currencies of emerging market countries have experienced devaluations relative to the U.S. dollar, and major adjustments have been made periodically in certain of such currencies.  Certain of such countries face serious exchange constraints.   In addition, governments of many emerging market countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector.  In certain cases, the government owns or controls many companies, including the largest in the country.  Accordingly, government actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in developing countries which could affect private sector companies and the Fund, as well as the value of securities in the Fund.

 

Investment in certain emerging market securities is restricted or controlled to varying degrees which may at times limit or preclude investment in certain emerging market securities and increase the costs and expenses of the Fund’s portfolio.  Certain emerging market countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons to only a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than other classes, restrict investment opportunities in issuers in industries deemed important to national interests and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors.  Certain emerging market countries may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors which could adversely affect the Fund.  In addition, if deterioration occurs in an emerging market country’s balance of payments, it could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances.  Investing in local markets in emerging market countries may require a portfolio to adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions, each of which may involve additional costs to the Fund.

 

Fixed Income Securities

 

The Fund may invest in fixed income securities. Fixed income securities generally pay a specified rate of interest or dividends, or a rate that is adjusted periodically by reference to some specified index or market rate or other factor. Fixed income securities may include securities issued by U.S. federal, state, local, and non-U.S. governments and other agencies and instrumentalities, and by a wide range of private or corporate issuers. Fixed income securities include, among others, bonds, notes, bills, debentures, convertible securities, bank obligations, mortgage and other asset-backed securities, loan participations and assignments and commercial paper.

 

Because interest rates vary, it is impossible to predict the income of the Fund for any particular period. Except to the extent that values are affected independently by other factors such as developments relating to a specific issuer or group of issuers, when interest rates decline, the value of a fixed-income portfolio can generally be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a fixed-income portfolio can generally be expected to decline.  Prices of longer term securities generally increase or decrease more sharply than those of shorter term securities in response to interest rate changes, particularly if such securities were purchased at a discount.  It should be noted that the market values of securities rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities tend to react less to fluctuations in interest rate levels than do those of higher-rated securities.

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Call or Buy-Back Features

 

In addition, many fixed-income securities contain call or buy-back features that permit their issuers to call or repurchase the securities from their holders.  Such securities may present risks based on payment expectations.  Although the Fund may typically receive a premium if an issuer were to redeem a security, if an issuer exercises such a “call option” and redeems the security during a time of declining interest rates, the Fund may realize a capital loss on its investment if the security was purchased at a premium and the Fund may have to replace the called security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased rate of return to the Fund.

 

Mortgage-Related And Other Asset Backed Securities

 

Mortgage-related securities are interests in pools of residential or commercial mortgage loans, including mortgage loans made by savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, commercial banks and others. Pools of mortgage loans are assembled as securities for sale to investors by various governmental, government-related and private organizations. The Fund may also invest in debt securities which are secured with collateral consisting of mortgage-related securities.

 

Mortgage Pass-Through Securities

 

Interests in pools of mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these securities provide a monthly payment which consists of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs which may be incurred. Some mortgage-related securities (such as securities issued by GNMA) are described as “modified pass-through.” These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.

 

The rate of pre-payments on underlying mortgages will affect the price and volatility of a mortgage-related security, and may have the effect of shortening or extending the effective duration of the security relative to what was anticipated at the time of purchase. To the extent that unanticipated rates of pre-payment on underlying mortgages increase in the effective duration of a mortgage-related security, the volatility of such security can be expected to increase.

 

The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage-related securities is GNMA. GNMA is a wholly owned United States Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the United States Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration (the “FHA”), or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (the “VA”).

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Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government) include FNMA and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”). FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned entirely by private stockholders. FHLMC issues Participation Certificates (“PCs”) which are pass-through securities, each representing an undivided interest in a pool of residential mortgages. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. FNMA and FHLMC have both recently faced scrutiny regarding their accounting practices and policies.

 

Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit, which may be issued by governmental entities or private insurers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets the Fund’s investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. A Fund may buy mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees if, through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the originator/servicers and poolers, the Fund determines that the securities meet the Fund’s quality standards. Although the market for such securities is becoming increasingly liquid, securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable.

 

Mortgage-backed securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, are not subject to the Fund’s industry concentration restrictions, set forth below under “Investment Restrictions,” by virtue of the exclusion from that test available to all U.S. Government securities. The assets underlying such securities may be represented by a portfolio of first lien residential mortgages (including both whole mortgage loans and mortgage participation interests) or portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC. Mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-related security may in turn be insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the VA. In the case of private issue mortgage-related securities whose underlying assets are neither U.S. Government securities nor U.S. Government-insured mortgages, to the extent that real properties securing such assets may be located in the same geographical region, the security may be subject to a greater risk of default than other comparable securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments that may affect such region and, ultimately, the ability of residential homeowners to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.

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Under the direction of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have entered into a joint initiative to develop a common securitization platform for the issuance of a uniform mortgage-backed security (the “Single Security Initiative”), which would generally align the characteristics of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac certificates. The Single Security Initiative was launched in June 2019, and as of this time, the long-term effects it may have on the market for mortgage-backed securities remains uncertain.

 

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”)

 

A CMO is a debt obligation of a legal entity that is collateralized by mortgages and divided into classes. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, on a monthly basis. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans or private mortgage bonds, but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC or FNMA, and their income streams.

 

CMOs are structured into multiple classes, often referred to as “tranches,” with each class bearing a different stated maturity and entitled to a different schedule for payments of principal and interest, including pre-payments. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the pre-payment experience of the collateral. In the case of certain CMOs (known as “sequential pay” CMOs), payments of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including pre-payments, are applied to the classes of CMOs in the order of their respective final distribution dates. Thus, no payment of principal will be made on any class of sequential pay CMOs until all other classes having an earlier final distribution date have been paid in full.

 

In a typical CMO transaction, a corporation (“issuer”) issues multiple series (e.g., A, B, C, Z) of CMO bonds (“Bonds”). Proceeds of the Bond offering are used to purchase mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (“Collateral”). The Collateral is pledged to a third party trustee as security for the Bonds. Principal and interest payments from the Collateral are used to pay principal on the Bonds in the order A, B, C, Z. The Series A, B and C Bonds all bear current interest. Interest on the Series Z Bond is accrued and added to principal and a like amount is paid as principal on the Series A, B or C Bond currently being paid off. When the Series A, B, and C Bonds are paid in full, interest and principal on the Series Z Bond begins to be paid currently. CMOs may be less liquid and may exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.

 

Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property. The market for commercial mortgage-backed securities developed more recently and in terms of total outstanding principal amount of issues is relatively small compared to the market for residential single-family mortgage-backed securities. Many of the risks of investing in commercial mortgage-backed securities reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments, and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. Commercial mortgage-backed securities may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.

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Other Mortgage-Related Securities

 

Other mortgage-related securities include securities other than those described above that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property, including mortgage dollar rolls, CMO residuals or stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”). Other mortgage-related securities may be equity or debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, partnerships, trusts and special purpose entities of the foregoing.

 

CMO Residuals

 

CMO residuals are mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.

 

The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses and any management fee of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the pre-payment experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the yield to maturity on CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to pre-payments on the related underlying mortgage assets, in the same manner as an interest only (“IO”) class of stripped mortgage-backed securities. In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described below with respect to stripped mortgage-backed securities, in certain circumstances the Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in a CMO residual.

 

CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. The CMO residual market has only very recently developed and CMO residuals currently may not have the liquidity of other more established securities trading in other markets. Transactions in CMO residuals are generally completed only after careful review of the characteristics of the securities in question. In addition, CMO residuals may, or pursuant to an exemption therefrom, may not have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). CMO residuals, whether or not registered under the 1933 Act, may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability, and may be deemed “illiquid” and subject to the Fund’s limitations on investment in illiquid securities.

 

Adjustable Rate Mortgage Backed Securities

 

Adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities (“ARMBSs”) have interest rates that reset at periodic intervals. Acquiring ARMBSs permits the Fund to participate in increases in prevailing current interest rates through periodic adjustments in the coupons of mortgages underlying the pool on which ARMBSs are based. Such ARMBSs generally have higher current yield and lower price fluctuations than is the case with more traditional fixed income debt securities of comparable rating and maturity. In addition, when prepayments of principal are made on the underlying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates, the Fund can reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at rates higher than those at which they were previously invested. Mortgages underlying most ARMBSs, however, have limits on the allowable annual or lifetime increases that can be made in the interest rate that the mortgagor pays. Therefore, if current interest rates rise above such limits over the period of the limitation, the Fund, when holding an ARMBS, does not benefit from further increases in interest rates. Moreover, when interest rates are in excess of coupon rates (i.e., the rates being paid by mortgagors) of the mortgages, ARMBSs behave more like fixed income securities and less like adjustable rate securities and are subject to the risks associated with fixed income securities. In addition, during periods of rising interest rates, increases in the coupon rate of adjustable rate mortgages generally lag current market interest rates slightly, thereby creating the potential for capital depreciation on such securities.

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Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities

 

SMBS are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBS may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.

 

SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or “PO” class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including pre-payments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated pre-payments of principal, the Fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories.

 

Although SMBS are purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers, these securities were only recently developed. As a result, established trading markets have not yet developed and, accordingly, these securities may be deemed “illiquid” and subject to the Fund’s limitations on investment in illiquid securities.

 

Collateralized Debt Obligations

 

The Fund may invest in collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), which includes collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and other similarly structured securities. CBOs and CLOs are types of asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust which is backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed income securities. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses.

 

For both CBOs and CLOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the bonds or loans in the trust and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CBO trust or CLO trust typically have higher ratings and lower yields than their underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CBO or CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CBO or CLO securities as a class.

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The risks of an investment in a CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CDO in which the Fund invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CDOs may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities, however an active dealer market may exist for CDOs allowing a CDO to qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed income securities discussed elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information and the Prospectus (e.g., interest rate risk and default risk), CDOs carry additional risks including, but are not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the Fund may invest in CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.

 

Mortgage “Dollar Roll” Transactions

 

The Fund may enter into mortgage “dollar roll” transactions with selected banks and broker-dealers. In a dollar roll, the Fund sells mortgage-backed securities and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar (same type, coupon and maturity) securities on a specified future day. A Fund will only enter into covered rolls. A “covered roll” is a specific type of dollar roll for which there is an offsetting cash or cash equivalent security position which matures on or before the forward settlement date of the dollar roll transaction. Covered rolls are not treated as a borrowing or other senior security and will be excluded from the calculation of the Fund’s borrowings and other senior securities. For financial reporting and U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund treats mortgage dollar rolls as two separate transactions: one involving the purchase of a security and a separate transaction involving a sale. The Fund does not currently intend to enter into mortgage dollar roll transactions that are accounted for as financing.

 

Consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies, the Fund also may invest in other types of asset-backed securities.

 

Bank Obligations

 

Bank obligations that may be purchased by the Fund include certificates of deposit, banker’s acceptances and fixed time deposits.  A certificate of deposit is a short-term negotiable certificate issued by a commercial bank against funds deposited in the bank and is either interest-bearing or purchased on a discount basis.  A banker’s acceptance is a short-term draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower, usually in connection with an international commercial transaction.  The borrower is liable for payment, as is the bank, which unconditionally guarantees to pay the draft at its face amount on the maturity date.  Fixed time deposits are obligations of branches of U.S. or non-U.S. banks which are payable at a stated maturity date and bear a fixed rate of interest.  Although fixed time deposits do not have a market, there are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in the deposit to a third party.  Bank obligations may be general obligations of the parent bank or may be limited to the issuing branch by the terms of the specific obligations or by government regulation.   Securities issued or guaranteed by non-U.S. banks and non-U.S. branches of U.S. banks are subject to many of the risks of investing in non-U.S. securities generally.

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Banks are subject to extensive governmental regulations which may limit both the amounts and types of loans and other financial commitments which may be made and interest rates and fees which may be charged.  The profitability of this industry is to a significant extent dependent upon the availability and cost of capital of funds used by the bank to finance its lending operations.  Also, general economic conditions play an important part in the operations of this industry and exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers might affect a bank’s ability to meet its obligations.

 

Convertible Securities

 

The Fund may invest in convertible securities, which are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stock or other securities, which may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock of the same or different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula.  A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged.  Before conversion, convertible securities ordinarily provide a stream of income, which generate higher yields than those of common stocks of the same or similar issuers but lower than the yield on non-convertible debt.  Convertible securities are usually subordinate or are comparable to non-convertible securities but rank senior to common stock or shares in a company’s capital structure.   The value of a convertible security is a function of (i) its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege and (ii) its worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock.  Convertible securities are typically issued by smaller capitalized companies whose stock prices may be volatile.  The price of a convertible security often reflects such variations in the price of the underlying common stock in a way that non-convertible debt does not.  A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument.

 

High Yield Securities

 

The Fund may invest in high yield securities.  High yield securities are considered speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligations.  Under rating agency guidelines, any quality and protective characteristics of high yield securities will likely be outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.  Medium and lower rated securities may have poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing, may have a current identifiable vulnerability to default, may be unlikely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal when due in the event of adverse business, financial or economic conditions, and/or may be in default or not current in the payment of interest or principal. A Fund’s achievements of its objective may be more dependent on the Adviser’s own credit analysis than is the case with funds that invest in higher rated fixed income securities.

 

Changes in Credit Ratings.  Changes by recognized rating services in their ratings of a high yield security and in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal may also affect the value of these investments.  A description of the ratings used by Moody’s and S&P is set forth in Appendix A to this SAI.  The ratings of Moody’s and S&P generally represent the opinions of those organizations as to the quality of the securities that they rate.  Such ratings, however, are relative and subjective, are not absolute standards of quality, are subject to change and do not evaluate the market risk or liquidity of the securities. Ratings of a non-U.S. debt instrument, to the extent that those ratings are undertaken, are related to evaluations of the country in which the issuer of the instrument is located, which may cause a rating to be lower than would otherwise by suggested by the intrinsic creditworthiness of the issuer.

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Liquidity.  The secondary markets for high yield securities are not as liquid as the secondary markets for higher rated securities.  The secondary markets for high yield securities are concentrated in relatively few market makers and participants in the market are mostly institutional investors, including insurance companies, banks, other financial institutions and mutual funds.  In addition, the trading volume for high yield securities is generally lower than that for higher-rated securities and the secondary markets could contract under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer, decreasing the liquidity of the high yield securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.  These factors may have an adverse effect on the ability of the Fund holding such securities to dispose of particular portfolio investments at the price it would wish, may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value per share and may limit the ability of such Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing securities and calculating net asset value.

 

Legislative and Regulatory Developments.  Prices for high yield securities may be affected by legislative and regulatory developments.  These laws could adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value and investment practices, the secondary market for high yield securities, the financial condition of issuers of these securities and the value of outstanding high yield securities.  For example, federal legislation requiring the divestiture by federally insured savings and loan associations of their investments in high yield bonds and limiting the deductibility of interest by certain corporate issuers of high yield bonds adversely affected the market in prior years.

 

High Yield Corporate Securities. While the market values of securities rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities tend to react less to fluctuations in interest rate levels than do those of higher-rated securities, the values of certain of these securities also tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic conditions than higher-rated securities.  In addition, such securities present a higher degree of credit risk.  Issuers of these securities are often highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them, so that their ability to service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of rising interest rates may be impaired.  The risk of loss due to default by such issuers is significantly greater than with investment grade securities because such securities generally are unsecured and subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness.  A Fund also may incur additional expenses to the extent that it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings. These risks may be greater for non-U.S. high yield securities especially those of issuers located in emerging markets.

 

The development of markets for high yield corporate securities has been a relatively recent phenomenon, especially outside the United States.  In addition, these markets have undergone significant changes in the past and may undergo significant changes in the future.

 

Most of the high yield securities in which the Fund invests will bear interest at fixed rates but the Fund may also invest in securities with variable rates of interest or which involve equity features, such as contingent interest or participations based on revenues, sales or profits (i.e., interest or other payments, often in addition to a fixed rate of return, that are based on the borrower’s attainment of specified levels of revenues, sales or profits and thus enable the holder of the security to share in the potential success of the venture).

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High Yield Non-U.S. Debt Securities. Investing in fixed and floating rate high yield non-U.S. debt securities, especially those of issuers located in emerging market countries, will expose the Fund to the direct or indirect consequences of political, social or economic changes in the countries that issue the securities or in which the issuers are located, in addition to the risks of investing in high yield securities generally.  For example, the ability and willingness of sovereign obligors in emerging market countries or the governmental authorities that control repayment of their external debt to pay principal and interest on such debt when due may depend on general economic and political conditions within the relevant country.  Certain countries in which the Fund may invest, especially emerging market countries, have historically experienced, and may continue to experience, high rates of inflation, high interest rates, exchange rate trade difficulties and extreme poverty and unemployment.  Many of these countries are also characterized by political uncertainty or instability.  Additional factors which may influence the ability or willingness to service debt include, but are not limited to, an issuer’s (including sovereign issuers) cash flow situation, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, and the relative size of its debt service burden.  Non-U.S. issuers, including government issuers, may also have debt (such as commercial bank debt) which is senior to its high yield securities.

 

The ability of a non-U.S. sovereign obligor, especially an obligor in an emerging market country, to make timely payments on its external debt obligations will also be strongly influenced by the obligor’s balance of payments, including export performance, its access to international credit and investments, fluctuations in interest rates and the extent of its foreign reserves, and the issuing government’s policy toward the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and other international agencies.  A country whose exports are concentrated in a few commodities or whose economy depends on certain strategic imports could be vulnerable to fluctuations in international prices of these commodities or imports.  To the extent that a country receives payment for its exports in currencies other than dollars, its ability to make debt payments denominated in dollars could be adversely affected.  If a non-U.S. sovereign obligor cannot generate sufficient earnings from foreign trade to service its external debt, it may need to depend on continuing loans and aid from foreign governments, commercial banks and multilateral organizations, and inflows of foreign investment.  The commitment on the part of these foreign governments, multilateral organizations and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on the government’s implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of its obligations.  Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties’ commitments to lend funds, which may further impair the obligor’s ability or willingness to timely service its debts.  The cost of servicing external debt will also generally be adversely affected by rising international interest rates, because many external debt obligations bear interest at rates which are adjusted based upon international interest rates.  The ability to service external debt will also depend on the level of the relevant government’s international currency reserves and its access to foreign exchange.  Currency devaluations may affect the ability of an issuer to obtain sufficient foreign exchange to service its debt. The risks enumerated above are particularly heightened with regard to issuers in emerging market countries.

 

As a result of the foregoing or other factors, a governmental obligor, especially an obligor in an emerging market country, may default on its obligations.  If such an event occurs, the Fund may have limited legal recourse against the issuer and/or guarantor.  Remedies must, in some cases, be pursued in the courts of the defaulting party itself, and the ability of the holder of non-U.S. sovereign debt securities to obtain recourse may be subject to the political climate in the relevant country.

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Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities

 

The Fund may purchase securities on a firm commitment basis, including when-issued securities.  Securities purchased on a firm commitment basis are purchased for delivery beyond the normal settlement date at a stated price and yield.  No income accrues to the purchaser of a security on a firm commitment basis prior to delivery.  Such securities are recorded as an asset and are subject to changes in value based upon changes in the general level of interest rates.  Purchasing a security on a firm commitment basis can involve a risk that the market price at the time of delivery may be lower than the agreed upon purchase price, in which case there could be an unrealized loss at the time of delivery.  A Fund will only make commitments to purchase securities on a firm commitment basis with the intention of actually acquiring the securities, but may sell them before the settlement date if it is deemed advisable.  A Fund will designate liquid assets in an amount at least equal in value to the Fund’s commitments to purchase securities on a firm commitment basis.  If the value of these assets declines, the Fund will place additional liquid assets in the account on a daily basis so that the value of the assets in the account is equal to the amount of such commitments.

 

Floating and Variable Rate Instruments

 

The Fund may each invest in floating and variable rate obligations. Floating or variable rate obligations bear interest at rates that are not fixed, but vary with changes in specified market rates or indices, such as the prime rate, and at specified intervals. The variable rate obligations in which the Fund may invest include variable rate master demand notes, which are unsecured instruments issued pursuant to an agreement between the issuer and the holder that permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary and provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate.

 

Certain of the floating or variable rate obligations that may be purchased by the Fund may carry a demand feature that would permit the holder to tender them back to the issuer of the instrument or to a third party at par value prior to maturity.  Some of the demand instruments purchased by the Fund are not traded in a secondary market and derive their liquidity solely from the ability of the holder to demand repayment from the issuer or third party providing credit support.  If a demand instrument is not traded in a secondary market, the Fund will nonetheless treat the instrument as liquid for the purposes of its investment restriction limiting investments in illiquid securities unless the demand feature has a notice period of more than seven days; if the notice period is greater than seven days, such a demand instrument will be characterized as illiquid for such purpose.   The Fund’s right to obtain payment at par on a demand instrument could be affected by events occurring between the date the Fund elects to demand payment and the date payment is due that may affect the ability of the issuer of the instrument or a third party providing credit support to make payment when due.  To facilitate settlement, some demand instruments may be held in book entry form at a bank other than the Fund’s custodian subject to a sub-custodian agreement approved by the Fund between that bank and the Fund’s custodian.

 

Inflation-Indexed Bonds

 

Inflation-indexed bonds are fixed income securities whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the CPI accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.

 

Inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury have maturities of five, ten or twenty years, although it is possible that securities with other maturities will be issued in the future. The U.S. Treasury securities pay interest on a semiannual basis, equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. For example, if the Fund purchased an inflation-indexed bond with a par value of $1,000 and a 3% real rate of return coupon (payable 1.5% semi-annually), and inflation over the first six months were 1%, the mid-year par value of the bond would be $1,010 and the first semi-annual interest payment would be $15.15 ($1,010 times 1.5%). If inflation during the second half of the year resulted in the whole year’s inflation equaling 3%, the end-of-year par value of the bond would be $1,030 and the second semi-annual interest payment would be $15.45 ($1,030 times 1.5%).

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If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed, and will fluctuate. The Fund may also invest in other inflation related bonds which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal. The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation.

 

Interest-Only Securities

 

Interest only securities (“IOs”) are a form of stripped mortgage security.  Stripped mortgage securities may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing. The risk of early prepayment is the primary risk associated with IOs.

 

Stripped mortgage securities are structured with two or more classes of securities that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets.  IOs are one class of a stripped mortgage security that receives all of the interest (while another class will receive all of the principal (“POs” or “principal only class”)).

 

Loan Participations and Assignments

 

The Fund may invest in loan participations and assignments.  The Fund considers loan participations and assignments to be investments in debt securities.  Loan participations typically will result in the Fund having a contractual relationship only with the lender, not with the borrower.  The Fund will have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the lender selling the participation and only upon receipt by the lender of the payments from the borrower.  Under a loan participation, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement relating to the loan, nor any rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Fund may not benefit directly from any collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation.  As a result, the Fund will assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the lender that is selling the participation.  In the event of the insolvency of the lender selling a participation, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the lender and may not benefit from any set-off between the lender and the borrower.  When the Fund purchases assignments of loans from lenders, the Fund will acquire direct rights against the borrower on the loan, except that under certain circumstances such rights may be more limited than those held by the assigning lender.

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A Fund may have difficulty disposing of assignments and loan participations.  In many cases the market for such instruments is not highly liquid, and therefore the Fund anticipates that in such cases such instruments could be sold only to a limited number of institutional investors.  The lack of a highly liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the value of such instruments and will have an adverse impact on the Fund’s ability to dispose of particular assignments or loan participations in response to a specific economic event, such as deterioration in the creditworthiness of the borrower or the ability to dispose of them at the price issued.

 

Money Market Instruments/Securities

 

The Fund may hold money market instruments, including commercial paper, bankers acceptances, certificates of deposit and other short term debt securities as ancillary liquid assets.

 

Restricted Securities and Securities With Limited Trading Markets (Rule 144A)

 

The Fund may purchase securities for which there is a limited trading market or which are subject to restrictions on resale to the public.  If the Fund were to acquire substantial positions in securities with limited trading markets, the activities of the Fund could have an adverse effect upon the liquidity and marketability of such securities and the Fund might not be able to dispose of its holdings in those securities at then current market prices.  Circumstances could also exist (to satisfy redemptions, for example) when portfolio securities might have to be sold by the Fund at times which otherwise might be considered to be disadvantageous so that the Fund might receive lower proceeds from such sales than it had expected to realize.  Investments in securities which are “restricted” may involve added expenses to the Fund should the Fund be required to bear registration costs with respect to such securities and could involve delays in disposing of such securities which might have an adverse effect upon the price and timing of sales of such securities and the liquidity of the Fund with respect to redemptions.  Restricted securities and securities for which there is a limited trading market may be significantly more difficult to value due to the unavailability of reliable market quotations for such securities, and investment in such securities may have an adverse impact on net asset value.  The Fund may purchase Rule 144A securities for which there may be a secondary market of qualified institutional buyers as contemplated by Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. Liquidity determinations with respect to Rule 144A securities will be made by the Board or by the Adviser pursuant to guidelines established by the Board. A Fund’s holdings of Rule 144A securities which are considered liquid securities will not be subject to the Fund’s applicable limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

 

The Fund may purchase Rule 144A securities on the GSTrUE exchange and other similar exchanges.  These markets provide access to only institutional and highly sophisticated investors. They allow private companies to raise capital without the disclosure requirements of public markets and follow specific SEC rules to avoid certain disclosure requirements. Under these rules, companies are able to sell securities without registering them if the issued securities are limited to qualified institutional buyers (investors with at least $100 million in assets), and there are less than 500 shareholders.  The market is run through a proprietary trading system. This system allows the members of the exchange to view bid and ask offers and recent sales. Actual transactions are made through special brokers.  Because of the lack of disclosure in these markets, shares are expected to trade at a discount to the equivalent price achievable if the shares were listed on a public market.  Companies utilizing these markets however, believe that the ability to avoid disclosure requirements of public markets is more important than receiving the higher price available from a public exchange listing.

35

  

Distressed and Defaulted Securities

 

The Fund may invest in the securities of financially distressed and bankrupt issuers, including debt obligations that are in covenant or payment default. Such investments generally trade significantly below par and are considered speculative.

 

Geographical Concentration Risk

 

The Fund’s investments in particular countries or geographic regions may be particularly susceptible to economic, political or regulatory events affecting those countries or regions. In addition, currency devaluations could occur in countries that have not yet experienced currency devaluation to date, or could continue to occur in countries that have already experienced such devaluations. As a result, to the extent the Fund focuses its investments in a particular geographic region or country it may be more volatile than a more geographically diversified fund.

 

Correlation Risk

 

There is a risk that changes in the value of hedging instruments used will not match those of the investment being hedged. Underlying Funds benchmarked to an inverse multiple of an index should lose value as the index or security underlying such ETF’s benchmark is increasing (gaining value), a result that is the opposite from traditional mutual funds.

 

U.S. Government Securities

 

The Fund may invest without limit in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies or instrumentalities.  U.S. government securities in general include a wide variety of U.S. Treasury obligations consisting of bills, notes and bonds, which principally differ only in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance.  Securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities are debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities established or sponsored by the U.S. government and may be backed only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality.  A Fund will invest in such obligations only where the Adviser is satisfied that the credit risk with respect to the issuer is minimal.

 

Securities issued by the U.S. Treasury generally do not involve the credit risks associated with investments in other types of fixed-income securities, although, as a result, the yields available from these securities are generally lower than the yields available from corporate fixed-income securities. Like other debt securities, however, the values of U.S. government securities change as interest rates fluctuate, which could affect the Fund’s net asset value. Since the magnitude of these fluctuations will generally be greater at times when the Fund’s average maturity is longer, under certain market conditions the Fund may, for temporary defensive purposes, accept lower current income from short-term investments rather than investing in higher yielding long-term securities. Some U.S. Government securities (such as Fannie Maes and Freddie Macs) are guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest by the relevant entity (e.g., FNMA or FHLMC) but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Therefore, the securities would generally be neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury.

 

Zero Coupon Securities, Pay-In-Kind Bonds and Deferred Payment Securities

 

The Fund may invest in zero coupon securities, pay-in-kind bonds and deferred payment securities.   Zero coupon securities are debt securities that pay no cash income but are sold at substantial discounts from their value at maturity.  When a zero coupon security is held to maturity, its entire return, which consists of the amortization of discount, comes from the difference between its purchase price and its maturity value.  This difference is known at the time of purchase, so that investors holding zero coupon securities until maturity know at the time of their investment what the expected return on their investment will be.  Zero coupon securities may have conversion features.  The Fund also may purchase pay-in-kind bonds.  Pay-in-kind bonds pay all or a portion of their interest in the form of debt or equity securities.  Deferred payment securities are securities that remain zero coupon securities until a predetermined date, at which time the stated coupon rate becomes effective and interest becomes payable at regular intervals.

36

  

Zero coupon securities, pay-in-kind bonds and deferred payment securities tend to be subject to greater price fluctuations in response to changes in interest rates than are ordinary interest-paying debt securities with similar maturities. The value of zero coupon securities appreciates more during periods of declining interest rates and depreciates more during periods of rising interest rates than ordinary interest-paying debt securities with similar maturities.  Zero coupon securities, pay-in-kind bonds and deferred payment securities may be issued by a wide variety of corporate and governmental issuers.  Although these instruments are generally not traded on a national securities exchange, they are widely traded by brokers and dealers and, to such extent, will not generally be considered illiquid for the purposes of the Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

 

Current U.S. federal income tax law requires the holder of a zero-coupon security, certain pay-in-kind bonds, deferred payment securities and certain other securities acquired at a discount to accrue income with respect to these securities prior to the receipt of cash payments.  Accordingly, to avoid liability for U.S. federal income and excise taxes, the Fund may be required to distribute income accrued with respect to these securities and may have to dispose of portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances in order to generate cash to satisfy these distribution requirements. Tax legislation enacted in 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”) requires accrual-method taxpayers to recognize items of gross income for tax purposes no later than the year in which the taxpayer recognizes the income for financial accounting purposes. The 2017 Tax Act is effective for debt instruments having original issue discount for tax years beginning after December 31, 2018. It is uncertain whether the 2017 Tax Act requires the acceleration of recognition by the Fund of original issue discount for income tax purposes.

 

Non-Diversified Risk

 

Certain Underlying Investment Strategies have the ability to concentrate a relatively high percentage of their investments in the securities of a small number of issuers. This would make the performance of the Underlying Investment Strategy more susceptible to a single economic, political or regulatory event than a diversified mutual fund or ETF might be. This risk may be particularly acute with respect to an Underlying Investment Strategy whose index underlying its benchmark comprises a small number of stocks or other securities.

 

FUND-OF-FUNDS STRUCTURE

 

The following supplements the information contained above and in the Prospectuses concerning the investment objective, strategies and risks of investing in the Fund.

 

Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act, in relevant part, prohibits a registered investment company from acquiring shares of an investment company if after such acquisition the securities represent more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the acquired company, more than 5% of the total assets of the acquiring company, or, together with the securities of any other investment companies, more than 10% of the total assets of the acquiring company except in reliance on certain exceptions contained in the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. The Trust and Highland were granted an exemptive order from the SEC that allows the Fund to invest in both affiliated and unaffiliated investment companies in excess of the limits in Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act subject to the terms and conditions of such order. Under the terms of such order, prior to its investment in shares of an unaffiliated investment company in excess of the limit in section 12(d)(1)(A)(i) of the 1940 Act, the acquiring fund and the underlying fund must execute a Participation Agreement that is designed to ensure that the board of the underlying fund and its investment adviser understand the terms and conditions of the order and agree to fulfill their responsibilities under the order.

37

  

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund generally may purchase or redeem, without limitation, shares of any affiliated or unaffiliated money market funds, including unregistered money market funds, so long as the Fund does not pay a sales load or service fee in connection with the purchase, sale or redemption or if such fees are paid, the Fund’s Adviser must waive its management fee in an amount necessary to offset the amounts paid.

 

OTHER PRACTICES

 

Borrowing

 

Borrowing creates an opportunity for increased return, but, at the same time, creates special risks.  Furthermore, if the Fund were to engage in borrowing, an increase in interest rates could reduce the value of the Fund’s shares by increasing the Fund’s interest expense.

 

Subject to the limitations described under “Investment Limitations” below, the Fund may be permitted to borrow for temporary purposes and/or for investment purposes. Such a practice will result in leveraging of the Fund’s assets and may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so. This borrowing may be secured or unsecured. Provisions of the 1940 Act require the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets made for temporary administrative purposes. Any borrowings for temporary administrative purposes in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets will count against this asset coverage requirement. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint if the Fund sells securities at that time.  Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs which may or may not be recovered by appreciation of the securities purchased, if any. The Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowings or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

 

Depositary Receipts

 

Depositary receipts include sponsored and unsponsored depositary receipts that are or become available, including American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and other depositary receipts.  Depositary receipts are typically issued by a financial institution (“depositary”) and evidence ownership interests in a security or a pool of securities (“underlying securities”) that have been deposited with the depositary.  The depositary for ADRs is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer.  ADRs are publicly traded on exchanges or OTC in the United States and are issued through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” arrangements.  In a sponsored ADR arrangement, the non-U.S. issuer assumes the obligation to pay some or all of the depositary’s transaction fees, whereas under an unsponsored arrangement, the non-U.S. issuer assumes no obligation and the depositary’s transaction fees are paid by the ADR holders. In addition, less information is available in the United States about an unsponsored ADR than about a sponsored ADR, and the financial information about a company may not be as reliable for an unsponsored ADR as it is for a sponsored ADR.  In the case of GDRs, the depositary can be a non-U.S. or a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. GDRs allow companies in Europe, Asia, the United States and Latin America to offer shares in many markets around the world, thus allowing them to raise capital in these markets, as opposed to just in their home market.  The advantage of GDRs is that shares do not have to be bought through the issuing company’s home exchange, which may be difficult and expensive, but can be bought on all major stock exchanges.  In addition, the share price and all dividends are converted to the shareholder’s home currency.  As for other depositary receipts, the depositary may be a non-U.S. or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may have a non-U.S. or a U.S. issuer.  For purposes of the Fund’s investment policies, investments in depositary receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities.  Thus, a depositary receipt representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock.  Depositary receipts purchased by the Fund may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted, in which case the Fund may be exposed to relative currency fluctuations.

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Illiquid Securities

 

The Fund, as well as each Underlying Fund, may invest a certain percentage of the value of its net assets in illiquid securities. The term “illiquid securities” for this purpose means securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the securities. Illiquid securities are considered to include, among other things, written OTC options, securities or other liquid assets being used as cover for such options, repurchase agreements with maturities in excess of seven days, certain loan participation interests, fixed time deposits which are not subject to prepayment or provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits), and other securities whose disposition is restricted under the federal securities laws.

 

To the extent that liquid assignments and loan participations that the Fund holds become illiquid due to the lack of sufficient buyers or market or other conditions, the percentage of the Fund’s assets invested in illiquid assets would increase.  The Adviser, under the supervision of the Board, monitors Fund investments in assignments and loan participations and will, in such a case, consider appropriate measures to enable the Fund to maintain sufficient liquidity for operating purposes and to meet redemption requests.

 

Loans of Portfolio Securities

 

The Fund may lend portfolio securities to brokers or dealers or other financial institutions in accordance with policies and procedures of the Trust, as may be adopted from time to time.  The procedure for the lending of securities will typically include the following features and conditions.  The collateral will consist either of U.S. Government Securities or the borrower of the securities will deposit cash with the Fund in an amount equal to a minimum of 100% of the market value of the securities lent. The Fund will seek to invest the collateral in short-term debt securities, cash equivalents (or pooled investment vehicle interests in cash, cash equivalents and short-term debt instruments) and earn the income thereon.  A negotiated portion of the income so earned may be paid to the borrower or the broker who arranged the loan.  The collateral will be marked to market daily, and if the value of the collateral drops below the required minimum at any time, the borrower may typically be called upon to post additional collateral.  These will be “demand” loans and may be terminated by the Fund at any time.  The Fund will receive any dividends and interest paid on the securities lent, although the U.S. federal income tax characteristics of such payment may change.  The Fund’s performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned.

39

  

These transactions must be fully collateralized at all times, but involve some credit risk to the Fund if the borrower or the party (if any) guaranteeing the loan should default on its obligations. In the event of the default or bankruptcy of the other party to a securities loan, the Fund could experience delays in recovering the securities it lent.  To the extent that, in the meantime, the value of the securities the Fund lent has increased or the value of the collateral decreased, the Fund could experience a loss.  In the event of a default by the borrower, the Fund will, if permitted by law, dispose of such collateral except that the Fund may retain any such part thereof that is a security in which the Fund is permitted to invest.

 

Although voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Fund, as the lender, generally retains the right to call the loans and obtain the return of the securities loaned at any time on reasonable notice, and it will attempt to do so in order that the securities may be voted by the Fund if the holders of such securities are asked to vote upon or consent to matters which the Adviser believes materially affect the investment; however, the Fund may not be able to recall the securities in time for the Fund to be the owner on the record date for determining shareholders entitled to vote or consent on the matter.  The Fund may typically also call such loans in order to sell the securities involved.

 

Repurchase Agreements

 

The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which the seller of a security commits itself at the time of sale to repurchase that security from the buyer at a mutually agreed upon time and price.  The resale price is in excess of the purchase price and reflects an agreed-upon market interest rate unrelated to the coupon rate on the purchased security. Such transactions afford the Fund the opportunity to earn a return on temporarily available cash at relatively low market risk.  The Adviser monitors the value of the securities underlying the repurchase agreement at the time the transaction is entered into and at all times during the term of the repurchase agreement to ensure that the value of the securities always equals or exceeds the repurchase price.  The Fund requires that additional securities be deposited if the value of the securities purchased decreases below their resale price and does not bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under the repurchase obligation.

 

While the underlying security may be a bill, certificate of indebtedness, note or bond issued by an agency, authority or instrumentality of the U.S. government, the obligation of the seller is not guaranteed by the U.S. government and there is a risk that the seller may fail to repurchase the underlying security. In such event, the Fund would attempt to exercise rights with respect to the underlying security, including possible disposition in the market. However, the Fund may be subject to various delays and risks of loss, including (i) possible declines in the value of the underlying security during the period while the Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto, (ii) possible reduced levels of income and lack of access to income during this period, and (iii) inability to enforce rights and the expenses involved in the attempted enforcement.

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Repurchase agreements with maturities of more than seven days will be treated as illiquid securities.

 

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

 

The Fund may enter into “reverse” repurchase agreements to avoid selling securities during unfavorable market conditions to meet redemptions.  Pursuant to a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund will sell portfolio securities and agree to repurchase them from the buyer at a particular date and price.  Whenever the Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will establish a segregated account in which it will maintain liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the repurchase price marked to market daily (including accrued interest), and will subsequently monitor the account to ensure that such equivalent value is maintained.  A Fund pays interest on amounts obtained pursuant to reverse repurchase agreements.  Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings by the Fund.

 

INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS

 

Fundamental Investment Restrictions

 

The following is a description of the Fund’s fundamental investment restrictions. “Fundamental” restrictions are those that may not be changed without the vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. Under the 1940 Act, the vote of a majority of the outstanding securities of a company means the vote, at the annual or a special meeting of the security holders of such company duly called: (A) of 67 percent or more of the voting securities present at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting securities of such company are present or represented by proxy; or (B) of more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting securities of such company, whichever is less.

 

In contrast, non-fundamental investment restrictions (which include the Fund’s investment objective and each of the other investment restrictions set forth in the Prospectus or this SAI) may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

 

The percentages set forth below and the percentage limitations set forth in the Prospectus apply at the time of the purchase of a security and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of a purchase of such security.

 

For purposes of the fundamental restrictions set forth below, “total assets” means net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

The Fund may not:

 

(1) Purchase securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry or group of industries (excluding the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities), provided that registered investment companies shall not be regarded as an industry or group of industries for purposes of this limitation;

 

(2) Borrow money, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act (see “Borrowing” above);

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(3) Make loans, except that the Fund may purchase or hold debt instruments in accordance with their investment objectives and policies; provided however, this restriction does not apply to repurchase agreements or loans of portfolio securities;

 

(4) Act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers except that, in the disposition of portfolio securities, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under the federal securities laws;

 

(5) Purchase or sell real estate, although the Fund may purchase securities of issuers which deal in real estate, securities which are secured by interests in real estate, and securities which represent interests in real estate, and they may acquire and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of their rights as a holder of debt obligations secured by real estate or interests therein;

 

(6) Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts unless acquired as a result of ownership securities or other investments, provided that this limitation does not preclude the Fund from entering into futures contracts and options thereon in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies, from investing in securities or other instruments backed by commodities or from investing in companies, which are engaged in a commodities business or have a significant portion of their assets in commodities;

 

(7) Issue senior securities, except for permitted borrowings or as otherwise permitted under the 1940 Act.

 

Restrictions (2) and (7) above shall be interpreted based upon no-action letters and other pronouncements of the staff of the SEC. Under current pronouncements, certain Fund positions may be excluded from the definition of “senior security” so long as the Fund maintains adequate cover, segregation of assets or otherwise. See “Borrowing” above.

 

For the purposes of Restriction (1), the Fund currently intends to use the Global Industry Classification Standard (“GICS”).  These classifications are not fundamental policies of the Fund. The Fund may use other classification titles, standards and systems from time to time.

 

The Underlying Funds in which the Fund will invest have adopted certain investment restrictions that may be more or less restrictive than those listed for the applicable Fund above, thereby allowing the Fund to participate in certain investment strategies indirectly that are prohibited under the fundamental investment restrictions listed above for the relevant Fund. The investment restrictions for such Underlying Funds will be set forth in their respective prospectuses and statements of additional information.

 

Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions

 

In addition to the foregoing fundamental investment policies, the Fund is also subject to the following non-fundamental restrictions and policies. These, and other non-fundamental investment restrictions disclosed elsewhere in the prospectus or in this statement of additional information may be changed at any time by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval. For purposes of the non-fundamental restrictions set forth below, “total assets” means net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes. The Fund may not:

 

(1) purchase any illiquid security, including any securities whose disposition is restricted under federal securities laws and securities that are not readily marketable, if, as a result, more than 15% of the Fund’s total net assets (based on then-current value) would then be invested in such securities; or

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For purposes of Restriction (1) above, the staff of the SEC is presently of the view that repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days are subject to this restriction. Until that position is revised, modified or rescinded, the Fund will conduct their operations in a manner consistent with this view. This limitation on investment in illiquid securities does not apply to certain restricted securities, including securities pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and certain commercial paper, that the Adviser has determined to be liquid under procedures approved by the Board.

 

Master/Feeder Structure

 

In lieu of investing directly, the Board may consider whether the Fund’s investment objective would be furthered by converting to a master/feeder structure, pursuant to which the Fund would invest all of its investable assets in an investment company having substantially the same investment objective and policies as the Fund. The master/feeder structure is an arrangement that allows several investment companies with different shareholder-related features or distribution channels, but having substantially the same investment objectives, policies and restrictions, to combine their investments by investing all of their assets in the same portfolio instead of managing them separately.

 

Conversion to a master/feeder structure may serve to attract other collective investment vehicles with different shareholder servicing or distribution arrangements and with shareholders that would not have invested in the Fund. In addition, a master/feeder structure may serve as an alternative for large, institutional investors in the Fund who may prefer to offer separate, proprietary investment vehicles and who otherwise might establish such vehicles outside of the Fund’s current operational structure. No assurance can be given, however, that the master/feeder structure will result in the Fund stabilizing its expenses or achieving greater operational efficiencies.

 

The Fund’s methods of operation and shareholder services would not be materially affected by the investment in another investment company (“Master Fund”) having substantially the same investment objective and policies as the Fund, except that the assets of the Fund may be managed as part of a larger pool of assets. If the Fund invested all of its assets in a Master Fund, it would hold beneficial interests in the Master Fund and the Master Fund would directly invest in accordance with the objectives and policies described for the Fund. The Fund would otherwise continue its normal operation. The Board would retain the right to withdraw the Fund’s investment from a Master Fund at any time it determines that it would be in the best interest to shareholders to do so. The Fund would then resume investing directly in individual securities of other issuers or invest in another Master Fund.

 

If the Board determines that a conversion to a master/feeder structure is in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders, it will consider and evaluate specific proposals prior to the implementation of the Fund’s conversion and its shareholders would be notified in advance of any such conversion.

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

 

Purchases and sales of portfolio securities may be made as considered advisable by the Adviser in the best interests of the shareholders. The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. The Fund’s distributions of any net short-term capital gains realized from portfolio transactions are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In addition, higher portfolio turnover rates can result in corresponding increases in portfolio transaction costs for the Fund. See “Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage” in this SAI.

 

For reporting purposes, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the fiscal year. In determining such portfolio turnover, all securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less are excluded. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur, for example, if all of the securities in the Fund’s investment portfolio (other than short-term money market securities) were replaced once during the fiscal year. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor should the Adviser deem it advisable to purchase or sell securities.

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DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

This Policy sets forth the conditions under which Portfolio Holdings data for the Trust on behalf of the Fund may be disclosed to Third Parties (which may include the public) and Service Providers, No data about the Fund may be disclosed except in accordance with this Policy.

 

Portfolio Holdings data includes, but is not limited to, the following information about the Fund: (i) specific securities held; (ii) industry sector breakdowns as a percentage of portfolio net assets; (iii) asset composition (e.g., equities versus bonds); (iv) U.S. versus foreign holdings percentage breakdowns and regional breakdowns (e.g., Asia, North America); and (v) top 10 portfolio holdings in order of position size, including percentage of portfolio.

 

“Third Parties” or a “Third Party” means a person other than a Service Provider, an employee of a Service Provider, a Trustee of the Board, or an officer of the Fund.

 

“Service Providers” or a “Service Provider” includes, but is not limited to, the investment adviser, sub-adviser, administrator, custodian, transfer agent, fund accountant, principal underwriter, software or technology service providers, pricing and proxy voting service providers, research and trading service providers, auditors, accountants, and legal counsel, or any other entity that has a need to know such information in order to fulfill their contractual obligations to provide services to the Fund.

 

Policy Overview

 

The Board has adopted, on behalf of the Fund, policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Portfolio Holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to protect the confidentiality of the Portfolio Holdings’ information and to prevent the selective disclosure of such information. These policies and procedures may be modified at any time with the approval of the Board.

 

In order to protect the Fund from any trading practices or other use by a Third Party that could harm the Fund, Portfolio Holdings’ and other Fund-specific information must not be selectively released or disclosed except under the circumstances described below.

 

The Board will periodically review the list of entities that have received, other than through public channels, Portfolio Holdings data, to ensure that the disclosure of the information was in the best interest of shareholders, identify any potential for conflicts of interest and evaluate the effectiveness of its current portfolio holding policy.

 

The identity of such entities is provided below:

 

Name of Recipient  

Frequency of

Holdings Disclosure

Information

Lag

Date of

Information

Date Provided

to Recipients

Highland Associates, Inc.

(Adviser)

Daily None Daily Daily

Incline Global Management, LLC

(Sub-Adviser)

Daily None Daily Daily

Chatham Asset Management, LLC

(Sub-Adviser)

Daily None Daily Daily

ALPS Fund Services, Inc.

(Administrator)

Daily None Daily Daily
MUFG Union Bank, National Association (Custodian) Daily None Daily Daily

Deloitte & Touche LLP

(Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm)

As needed None As needed As needed

Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP

(Counsel)

As needed None As needed As needed
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. Daily None Daily Daily
FactSet Research Systems Inc. Daily None Daily Daily
Investment Technology Group, Inc. Daily None Daily Daily
Glass, Lewis & Co., LLC Daily None Daily Daily
Markit WSO Corporation Daily None Daily Daily
State Street Bank and Trust Company Daily None Daily Daily

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Only officers of the Fund and their authorized agents, including, but not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer of the investment adviser, may approve the disclosure of the Fund’s Portfolio Holdings. Except as set forth under “Policy Exceptions” below, exceptions to this Policy may only be made if an officer of the Fund and its authorized agents, including, but not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer of the investment adviser, determines that the disclosure is being made for a legitimate business purpose and such disclosures must be documented and reported to the Board on a quarterly basis. In all cases, Third Parties and Service Providers are required to execute a non-disclosure agreement requiring the recipient to keep confidential any Portfolio Holdings data received and not to trade on the Confidential Portfolio Information (defined below) received. Neither the Trust nor its Service Providers (nor any persons affiliated with either) can receive any compensation or other consideration in connection with the sharing of the Fund’s Portfolio Holdings.

 

Disclosure of the Portfolio Holdings’ information that is not publicly available (“Confidential Portfolio Information”) may be made to Service Providers. In addition, to the extent permitted under applicable law, the investment adviser may distribute (or authorize the custodian or principal underwriter to distribute) Confidential Portfolio Information to the Fund’s relevant Service Providers and to facilitate the review of the Fund by certain mutual fund analysts and ratings agencies (such as Morningstar and Lipper Analytical Services) (“Rating Agencies”); provided that such disclosure is limited to the information that the investment adviser believes is reasonably necessary in connection with the services to be provided. As noted above, except to the extent permitted under this Policy, Confidential Portfolio Information may not be disseminated for compensation or other consideration.

45

  

Before any disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information to Service Providers or Rating Agencies is permitted, the applicable Fund’s investment adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer (or persons designated by the investment adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer) must determine in writing that, under the circumstances, the disclosure is being made for a legitimate business purpose. Furthermore, the recipient of Confidential Portfolio Information by a Service Provider or Rating Agency must be subject to a written confidentiality agreement that prohibits any trading upon the Confidential Portfolio Information or the recipient must be subject to professional or ethical obligations not to disclose or otherwise improperly use the information, such as would apply to independent registered public accounting firms or legal counsel.

 

The Fund’s investment adviser shall have primary responsibility for ensuring that the Portfolio Holdings’ information is disclosed only in accordance with this Policy. As part of this responsibility, the Fund’s investment adviser will maintain such internal policies and procedures as it believes are reasonably necessary for preventing the unauthorized disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information.

 

Full Portfolio Holdings

 

The disclosure policy currently authorizes the quarterly dissemination of full portfolio holdings of the Fund with a fifteen (15) calendar day lag. Except as set forth in this Policy, the full holdings of the Fund will also be disclosed on a quarterly basis on forms required to be filed with the SEC as follows: (i) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of each fiscal year will be filed as part of the annual report filed on Form N-CSR; (ii) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of the first and third fiscal quarters will be filed in Form N-Q; and (iii) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of the second fiscal quarter will be filed as part of the semi-annual report filed on Form N-CSR. Form N-Q is being rescinded. Once Form N-Q is rescinded, disclosure of the Fund’s complete holdings will be required to be made monthly on Form N-PORT no later than 60 days after the end of each month, with information reported on Form N-PORT for the third month of the fiscal quarter made publicly available by the SEC 60 days after the end of the Fund’s fiscal quarter. The Trust’s Form N-CSRs and Form N-Qs are available (and the Trust’s Form N-PORTs will be available) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

Partial Portfolio Holdings

 

Except as set forth in this Policy, partial Portfolio Holdings information will only be provided to third Parties for the most recent month-end period and only after a thirty (30) calendar day delay from the end of the month being provided. These holdings may include any combination of the Portfolio Holdings information, except for full Portfolio Holdings.

 

Policy Exceptions

 

The following disclosures of Portfolio Holdings are not prohibited by this Policy:

 

Disclosures that are required by law;

Disclosures necessary for Service Providers (defined above);

Disclosure necessary for Rating Agencies to assess applicable fund ratings.

Disclosures necessary to broker-dealers or banks as part of the normal buying, selling, shorting, or other transactions in portfolio securities

Disclosures to the Fund’s or Service Providers’ regulatory authorities, accountants, or counsel;

Disclosures to the adviser of the Fund of compiled data concerning accounts managed by the adviser; or

46

  

Any portfolio holdings that precede a full public disclosure (e.g., portfolio holdings that are dated prior to the most recent quarterly disclosure) are not considered to be sensitive, proprietary information of the Fund, and therefore are not subject to the aforementioned disclosure policies.

   

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

 

Investment Decisions and Portfolio Transactions

 

Investment decisions for the Fund are made with a view to achieving its investment objectives. Investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular client involved (including the Fund). Some securities considered for investment by the Fund may also be appropriate for other clients served by the Adviser or Sub-Adviser. Thus, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. If a purchase or sale of securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and one or more of these clients is considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities will be allocated among the Fund and clients in a manner deemed fair and reasonable by the Adviser or Sub-Adviser, as applicable. Particularly when investing in less liquid or illiquid securities of smaller capitalization companies, such allocation may take into account the asset size of the Fund in determining whether the allocation of an investment is suitable. The Adviser or Sub-Adviser may aggregate orders for the Fund with simultaneous transactions entered into on behalf of its other clients so long as price and transaction expenses are averaged either for the portfolio transaction or for that day. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the security. In some instances, one client may sell a particular security to another client. It also sometimes happens that two or more clients simultaneously purchase or sell the same security, in which event each day’s transactions in such security are, insofar as possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which in the Adviser’s or Sub-Adviser’s opinion is equitable to each and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each. There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more clients will have an adverse effect on other clients, including the Fund.

 

Brokerage and Research Services

 

The Adviser or Sub-Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities, options and futures contracts and buys and sells such securities, options and futures for the Fund through a substantial number of brokers and dealers. In so doing, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser uses its best efforts to obtain for the Fund the most favorable price and execution available, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions as described below. In seeking the most favorable price and execution, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser, having in mind the Fund’s best interests, considers all factors it deems relevant, including, by way of illustration, price, the size of the transaction, the nature of the market for the security, the amount of the commission, the timing of the transaction taking into account market prices and trends, the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker-dealer involved and the quality of service rendered by the broker-dealer in that or other transactions.

 

The Adviser or Sub-Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio investments for the Fund’s accounts with brokers or dealers selected by it in its discretion. In effecting purchases and sales of portfolio securities for the accounts of the Fund, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser will seek the best price and execution of the Fund’s orders. In doing so, the Fund may pay higher commission rates than the lowest available when the Adviser or Sub-Adviser believes it is reasonable to do so in light of the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker effecting the transaction, as discussed below. Although the Fund may use a broker-dealer that sells Fund shares to effect transactions for the Fund’s portfolios, the Fund will not consider the sale of Fund shares as a factor when selecting broker-dealers to execute those transactions.

47

  

There is generally no stated commission in the case of fixed-income securities and other securities traded on a principal basis in the over-the-counter markets, but the price paid by the Fund usually includes an undisclosed dealer commission or markup. In underwritten offerings, the price paid by the Fund includes a disclosed, fixed commission or discount retained by the underwriter or dealer. Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges and other agency transactions involve the payment by the Fund of negotiated brokerage commissions. Such commissions vary among different brokers. Also, a particular broker may charge different commissions according to such factors as the difficulty and size of the transaction. Transactions in non-U.S. securities generally involve the payment of fixed brokerage commissions, which are generally higher than those in the United States. The purchase by the Fund of participations or assignments may be pursuant to privately negotiated transactions pursuant to which the Fund may be required to pay fees to the seller or forego a portion of payments in respect of the participation agreement.

 

Advisers or sub-advisers of investment companies and other institutional investors receive research and brokerage products and services (together, “services”) from broker-dealers which execute portfolio transactions for the clients of such advisers. Consistent with this practice, the Adviser and Sub-Advisers receive brokerage and research products and services from many broker-dealers with which the Adviser or Sub-Advisers place the Fund’s portfolio transactions. These services, which in some cases may also be purchased for cash, may include, among other things, such items as general economic and security market reviews, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities, recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities, and services related to the execution of securities transactions. The advisory fees paid by the Fund are not reduced because the Adviser or a Sub-Adviser receives such services even though the receipt of such services relieves the Adviser or Sub-Adviser from expenses it might otherwise bear. Research and brokerage services provided by broker-dealers chosen by the Adviser or a Sub-Adviser to place the Fund’s portfolio transactions may be useful to the Adviser or Sub-Adviser in providing services to the Adviser’s or Sub-Adviser’s other clients, although not all of these services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser or Sub-Adviser in managing the Fund. Conversely, brokerage and research products and services provided to the Adviser or Sub-Adviser by broker-dealers in connection with trades executed on behalf of other clients of the Adviser or Sub-Adviser may be useful to the Adviser or Sub-Adviser in managing the Fund, although not all of these brokerage and research products and services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser or Sub-Adviser in managing such other clients.

 

In reliance on the “safe harbor” provided by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), the Adviser or Sub-Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer which provides “brokerage and research services” (as defined for purposes of Section 28(e)) to the Adviser or Sub-Adviser an amount of commission for effecting a securities transaction for the Fund in excess of the commission which another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the Adviser or Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker-dealer viewed in terms of either a particular transaction or the Adviser’s or Sub-Adviser’s overall responsibilities to the advisory accounts for which it exercises investment discretion.

48

  

The Adviser or Sub-Adviser may place orders for the purchase and sale of exchange-listed portfolio securities with a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser or Sub-Adviser where, in the judgment of the Adviser or Sub-Adviser, such firm will be able to obtain a price and execution at least as favorable as other qualified broker-dealers. Pursuant to rules of the SEC, a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser or Sub-Adviser may receive and retain compensation for effecting portfolio transactions for the Fund on a securities exchange if the commissions paid to such an affiliated broker-dealer by the Fund on exchange transactions do not exceed “usual and customary brokerage commissions.” The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” As required by applicable SEC rules, the Board has adopted procedures which are reasonably designed to provide that any commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to an affiliated broker are consistent with the foregoing standards.

 

The following table lists the total amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund for the fiscal year or period noted:

 

Fund Name

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2017

Highland Resolute Fund $160,923 $207,668 $229,348

 

For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2017, April 30, 2018 and April 30, 2019, the Fund did not have any transactions identified for execution primarily on the basis of research and other services provided to the Fund and therefore no related commissions.

 

The following tables list the total amount of brokerage commissions to brokers who were affiliated with the Fund, the Adviser or Sub-Advisers during the fiscal year or period noted below:

 

Fund Name

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2017

Highland Resolute Fund $0 $0 $0

 

The Fund may acquire securities of brokers who execute the Fund’s portfolio transactions. As of April 30, 2019, the Fund owned securities of its regular broker-dealers (or parents) as shown below:

 

Fund Name Name of Broker-Dealer Market Value of Securities Owned
Highland Resolute Fund N/A N/A

 

PURCHASE & REDEMPTION OF SHARES

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”), will maintain an account for each shareholder upon which the registration and transfer of shares are recorded, and any transfers shall be reflected by bookkeeping entry, without physical delivery. Confirmations of each purchase or redemption are sent to each shareholder. Quarterly statements of account are sent which include shares purchased as a result of a reinvestment of Fund distributions. The Transfer Agent will require that a shareholder provide requests in writing, accompanied by a valid signature guarantee form, when changing certain information in an account (i.e., wiring instructions, telephone privileges, etc.).

49

 

Share Classes

 

There is one share class, Class I, of the Highland Resolute Fund.

 

The Highland Resolute Fund is limited to existing or new investment advisory clients of Highland.

 

The assets received by each class of the Fund for the issue or sale of its shares and all income, earnings, profits, losses and proceeds therefrom, subject only to the rights of creditors, are allocated to, and constitute the underlying assets of, that class of the Fund. The underlying assets of each class of the Fund are segregated and are charged with the expenses with respect to that class of the Fund along with a share of the general expenses of the Fund and Trust. Any general expenses of the Fund that are not readily identifiable as belonging to a particular class of the Fund are allocated by or under the direction of the Trustees in such manner as they determine to be fair and equitable.

 

Shareholder Services Plan

 

The Fund has adopted a shareholder services plan (“Services Plan”) for its Class I shares. Under the Services Plan, the Fund is authorized to pay select financial intermediaries and/or Fund affiliates who have entered into a written agreement with the Fund to perform certain ongoing non-distribution-related shareholder services provided to shareholders in Class I shares of the Fund (“Participating Organizations”).

 

The aggregate fees on an annual basis for the Class I shares of the Fund are not to exceed 0.10% of the average daily net asset value of the Class I shares held in the name of a Participating Organization. The Service Plan fees are compensation for providing some or all of the following ongoing shareholder related services: (i) establishing and maintaining Fund shareholder accounts, (ii) aggregating, processing and transmitting Fund shareholder orders and instructions regarding accounts, (iii) processing dividend and other distribution payments from each Fund on behalf of shareholders, (iv) preparing reports or forms on behalf of shareholders, (v) forwarding communications from each Fund to shareholders, and (vi) providing other similar services as applicable statutes, rules or regulations permit. None of the aforementioned services includes distribution-related services or activities. Any amount of such payment not paid during a Fund’s fiscal year for such service activities shall be reimbursed to the Fund’s applicable share class.

 

Because these Services Plan fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, over time, it will increase the cost of an investment in the Fund. Service Plan Fees incurred are included under “Other Expenses” in the Fund’s Fees and Expenses tables in the Prospectus.

 

Other Information

 

The minimum initial and subsequent investments in the Fund are set forth in each Prospectus.

 

Subsequent investments may be made at any time by mailing a check to the Fund’s Transfer Agent, along with a detachable stub from the Statement of Account (or a letter providing the account number). Shareholders should be sure to write the Fund’s account number on the check. Purchases of Fund shares (initial or subsequent) may not be made by third party check.

50

 

Shares of the Fund may be purchased on any business day at the net asset value per share next determined after receipt of a purchase order. Share certificates will not be issued. Share purchase orders are effective on the date the Fund receives a completed Account Application Form (and other required documents) and federal funds become available.

 

Initial and subsequent investments may also be made by wire transfer. Shareholders should note that their bank may charge a fee in connection with transferring money by bank wire.

 

For a share purchase order for the Fund to become effective on a particular business day, prior to 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time): (i) in the case of a wire transfer payment, a purchaser must call 866.759.5679 to inform the Transfer Agent of an incoming wire transfer; or (ii) in the case of payment by check or money order, a complete share purchase order must be actually received by the Transfer Agent, and, in either case, federal funds must be received by the Transfer Agent, on behalf of the Fund. If federal funds are received by the Transfer Agent that same day, the order will be effective on that day. If the Fund receives notification of a wire transfer or a complete share purchase order after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time), or if federal funds are not received by the Transfer Agent, such purchase order shall be executed as of the date that federal funds are actually received.

 

The price of the Fund’s shares and the valuation of Fund assets are discussed in “Net Asset Value.”

 

Redemption of Shares

 

If the Board determines that it is in the best interests of the remaining shareholders of the Fund, the Fund may pay the redemption price in whole, or in part, by a distribution in kind from the Fund, in lieu of cash, taking such securities at their value employed for determining such redemption price, and selecting the securities in such manner as such Board may deem fair and equitable. A shareholder who receives a distribution in kind may incur a brokerage commission upon a later disposition of such securities and may receive less than the redemption value of such securities or property upon sale, particularly where such securities are sold prior to maturity. However, the Fund is required to redeem shares solely for cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the NAV of the Fund during any 90-day period for any one shareholder. Should redemptions by any shareholder exceed such limitation, the Fund will have the option of redeeming the excess in cash or in-kind. Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption.

 

Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for any period: (i) during which the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (ii) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; or (iii) during which (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or for such other periods as the SEC may permit. The Fund may also suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of its shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions.

 

Redemption Procedures.  The Fund will redeem all full and fractional shares of the Fund upon request on any business day at the applicable net asset value determined after the receipt of proper redemption instructions, less any applicable redemption fees. Shareholders liquidating their holdings will receive upon redemption all dividends reinvested through the date of redemption. If notice of redemption is received on any business day, the redemption will be effective on the date of receipt. Payment will ordinarily be made on the next business day, but, in any case, within no more than seven business days from the date of receipt. If the notice is received on a day that is not a business day or after the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE, the redemption notice will be deemed received as of the next business day. The value of shares at the time of redemption may be more or less than the shareholder’s cost.

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No redemption requests will be processed until the Fund has received a completed Purchase Application, and no redemption of shares purchased by check will be made until all checks received for such shares have been collected, which may take up to 15 days or more.

 

Redemption Fees.  If you sell your shares of the Fund after holding them 90 calendar days or less, a 2% short-term redemption fee may be deducted from the redemption amount. For this purpose, shares held longest will be treated as being redeemed first and shares held shortest as being redeemed last. The fees are paid to the respective Fund and are designed to help offset the brokerage commissions, market impact and other costs associated with short-term shareholder trading.

 

The short-term redemption fee does not apply to: (i) redemptions of shares acquired by reinvesting dividends and distributions; (ii) rollovers, transfers and changes of account registration within the Fund as long as the money never leaves such Fund; and (iii) redemptions in-kind.

 

The Fund also permits waivers of the short-term redemption fee for the following transactions:

 

Redemptions due to small balance maintenance fees;

 

Redemptions related to death or due to a divorce decree;

 

Certain types of IRA account transactions, including: redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, required minimum distributions, withdrawals due to disability or death, return of excess contribution amounts and redemptions related to payment of custodian fees; and

 

Certain types of employer-sponsored and 403(b) retirement plan transactions, including: loans or hardship withdrawals, minimum required distributions, redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, forfeiture of assets, return of excess contribution amounts, redemptions related to payment of plan fees and redemptions related to death, disability or qualified domestic relations order.

 

The application of short-term redemption fees and waivers may vary among intermediaries and certain intermediaries may not apply the waivers listed above. If you purchase or sell Fund shares through an intermediary, you should contact your intermediary for more information on whether the short-term redemption fee will be applied to redemptions of your shares.

 

The Fund reserves the right to modify or eliminate the short-term redemption fee or waivers at any time. Investment advisers or their affiliates may pay short-term redemption fees on behalf of investors in managed accounts. Unitized group accounts consisting of qualified plan assets may be treated as a single account for redemption fee purposes.

52

 

Redemption By Mail.  Shares may be redeemed by mail by submitting a written request from the registered owner(s) signed exactly as shares are registered. Signature guarantees by an acceptable guarantor are required to redeem amounts greater than $50,000 or to have proceeds sent to an address other than the address of record. The Transfer Agent has adopted standards and procedures pursuant to which signature-guarantees in proper form generally will be accepted from domestic banks, brokers, dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations, as well as from participants in the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program, the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (“STAMP”) and the Stock Exchanges Medallion Program. Shareholders with any questions regarding signature-guarantees should contact the Transfer Agent.

 

In certain instances, the Transfer Agent may require additional documents such as, but not limited to, trust instruments, death certificates, appointments as executor or administrator or certificates of corporate authority.

 

Checks for redemption proceeds will be mailed to the address of record within seven days of redemption.

 

Redemption By Wire.  If redemption by wire has been elected in the Purchase Application, shares may be redeemed on any business day upon request made by telephone or letter. A shareholder or any authorized agent (so designated on the Account Application Form) must provide the Transfer Agent with the dollar or share amount to be redeemed, the account to which the redemption proceeds should be wired, the name of the shareholder and the shareholder’s account number. Shareholders should note that their bank may charge a fee in connection with transferring money by wire.

 

A shareholder may change its authorized agent, the address of record or the account designated to receive redemption proceeds at any time by providing the Transfer Agent with written instructions signature guaranteed as described above.

 

Telephone Redemption.  A shareholder may request redemption by calling the Transfer Agent at (855) 268-2242. Proceeds from telephone redemptions will be forwarded to the shareholder by check unless the shareholder has requested redemption by wire in the manner described above under “Redemption by Wire.” The check will be made only payable to the registered shareholder and sent to the address of record on file with the Transfer Agent. The Fund reserves the right to refuse a telephone request for redemption if it is believed advisable to do so. Procedures for redeeming shares by telephone may be modified or terminated at any time by the Fund. Neither any Fund nor the Transfer Agent will be liable for following redemption instructions received by telephone which are reasonably believed to be genuine, and the shareholder will bear the risk of loss in the event of unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. The Fund will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. The Fund and/or the Transfer Agent may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions if they do not follow such procedures. The Fund may require personal identification codes.

 

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

The business and affairs of the Fund are managed under the direction of its Board. The Board approves all significant agreements between the Trust on behalf of the Fund and the persons or companies that furnish services to the Fund, including agreements with its distributor, Adviser, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. The day-to-day operations of the Fund are delegated to the Fund’s Adviser and administrator.

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The name, address, year of birth and principal occupations for the past five years of the Trustees and officers of the Trust are listed below, along with the number of portfolios in the Fund complex overseen by and the other directorships held by each Trustee.

 

INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES

 

Name,

Address*

& Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of Office**

and Length of

Time Served

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years***

Number of

Funds in

Fund

Complex

Overseen

by Trustee

****

Other

Directorships

Held by

Trustee During Past 5

Years***

Mary K. Anstine,

1940

 

Trustee and Chairman Ms. Anstine was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on March 21, 1997 and re-elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Ms. Anstine was appointed Chairman of the Board at the June 6, 2017 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Anstine was formerly an Executive Vice President of First Interstate Bank of Denver until 1994, President/Chief Executive Officer of HealthONE Alliance, Denver, Colorado, from 1994 to 2004, and has been retired since 2004. Ms. Anstine is also Trustee/Director of AV Hunter Trust and Colorado Uplift Board. Ms. Anstine was formerly a Director of the Trust Bank of Colorado (later purchased and now known as Northern Trust Bank), HealthONE and Denver Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America, and a member of the American Bankers Association Trust Executive Committee. 31 Ms. Anstine is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); ALPS Variable Investment Trust (9 funds); Reaves Utility Income Fund (1 fund); and Segall Bryant & Hamill Trust (14 funds).

Jeremy W. Deems,

1976

 

Trustee Mr. Deems was appointed as a Trustee at the March 11, 2008 meeting of the Board of Trustees and elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Deems is the Co-Founder, Chief Operations Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Green Alpha Advisors, LLC, a registered investment advisor, and Co-Portfolio Manager of the Shelton Green Alpha Fund. Prior to joining Green Alpha Advisors, Mr. Deems was CFO and Treasurer of Forward Management, LLC, ReFlow Management Co., LLC, ReFlow Fund, LLC, a private investment fund, and Sutton Place Management, LLC, an administrative services company, from 1998 to June 2007.  From 2004 to 2005, Mr Deems also served as Treasurer of the Forward Funds and the Sierra Club Funds. 31 Mr. Deems is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); ALPS Variable Investment Trust (9 funds); Clough Funds Trust (1 fund); and Reaves Utility Income Fund (1 fund).

Jerry G. Rutledge,

1944

 

Trustee Mr. Rutledge was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Rutledge is the President and owner of Rutledge’s Inc., a retail clothing business. Mr. Rutledge is currently Director of the American National Bank. He was from 1994 to 2007 a Regent of the University of Colorado. 31 Mr. Rutledge is a Trustee of Principal Real Estate Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Equity Fund (1 fund); and Clough Global Opportunities Fund (1 fund).

54

 

Name,

Address*

& Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of Office**

and Length of

Time Served

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years***

Number of

Funds in

Fund

Complex

Overseen

by Trustee

****

Other

Directorships

Held by

Trustee During Past 5

Years***

Michael “Ross” Shell ,

1970

 

Trustee Mr. Shell was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Shell is Founder and CEO of Red Idea, LLC, a strategic consulting/early stage venture firm (since June 2008). From 1999 to 2009, he was a part-owner and Director of Tesser, Inc., a brand agency. From December 2005 to May 2008, he was Director, Marketing and Investor Relations, of Woodbourne, a REIT/real estate hedge fund and private equity firm. Prior to this, from May 2004 to November 2005, he worked as a business strategy consultant; from June 2003 to April 2004, he was on the Global Client Services team of IDEO, a product design/innovation firm; and from 1999 to 2003, he was President of Tesser, Inc. Mr. Shell graduated with honors from Stanford University with a degree in Political Science. 31 None.

55

 

INTERESTED TRUSTEE

 

Name,

Address* &

Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of Office**

and Length of

Time Served

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years***

Number of

Funds in

Fund

Complex

Overseen

by Trustee

**** 

Other

Directorships

Held by

Trustee During Past 5 Years***

Edmund J. Burke,

1961

Trustee Mr. Burke was elected as Trustee at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Burke joined ALPS in 1991 and served as the President and Director of ALPS Holdings, Inc., and ALPS Advisors, Inc., and Director of ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (“ALPS”), and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. (collectively, the “ALPS Companies”). Mr. Burke retired from the ALPS Companies in June 2019. Mr. Burke is deemed an “Interested Trustee” by virtue of his prior relationship with the ALPS Companies. 31 Mr. Burke is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Equity Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Opportunities Fund (1 fund); Clough Funds Trust (1 fund); Liberty All-Star Equity Fund (1 fund); and Director of the Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc. (1 fund).

 

OFFICERS

 

Name, Address* & Year of Birth

Position(s) Held with Fund

Term of Office** and Length of Time Served

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years***

Bradley J. Swenson

1972

President Mr. Swenson was elected President of the Trust at the June 11 – 12, 2019 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Mr. Swenson joined ALPS in 2004 and has served as its President since June 2019.  In this role, he serves as an officer to certain other closed-end and open-end investment companies.  He previously served as the Chief Operating Officer of ALPS (2015-2019). Mr. Swenson also previously served as Chief Compliance Officer to ALPS, its affiliated entities, and to certain ETF, closed-end and open-end investment companies (2004-2015). Because of his position with ALPS, Mr. Swenson is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act.

56

 

Name, Address* & Year of Birth

Position(s) Held with Fund

Term of Office** and Length of Time Served

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years***

Kimberly R. Storms,

1972

Treasurer Ms. Storms was elected Treasurer of the Trust at the March 12, 2013 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Storms is Senior Vice President - Director of Fund Administration of ALPS. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Storms is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Storms is also Treasurer of Liberty All-Star Equity Fund, Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc. and ALPS Series Trust.  Ms. Storms also serves as a Board member and Treasurer of The Center for Trauma & Resilience, a nonprofit agency.

Karen S. Gilomen,

1970

Secretary Ms. Gilomen was elected Secretary of the Trust at the December 13, 2016 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Gilomen joined ALPS in August 2016 as Vice President and Senior Counsel. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Gilomen was Vice President - General Counsel & CCO of Monticello Associates, Inc. from 2010 to 2016. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Gilomen is deemed an affiliate of the Trust, as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Gilomen is also the Secretary of ALPS Variable Investment Trust and Reaves Utility Income Fund, and the Assistant Secretary of the WesMark Funds.

Ted Uhl,

1974

Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) Mr. Uhl was appointed CCO of the Trust at the June 8, 2010 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

Mr. Uhl joined ALPS in October 2006, and is currently Deputy Compliance Officer of ALPS. Prior to his current role, Mr. Uhl served as Senior Risk Manager for ALPS from October 2006 until June 2010. Before joining ALPS, Mr. Uhl served a Sr. Analyst with Enenbach and Associates (RIA), and a Sr. Financial Analyst at Sprint. Because of his position with ALPS, Mr. Uhl is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Mr. Uhl is also CCO of the Boulder Growth & Income Fund, Inc., Centre Funds, Axonic Alternative Income Fund, Index Funds, Reality Shares ETF Trust, Reaves Utility Income Fund and XAI Octagon Floating Rate & Alternative Income Term Trust.

Jennell Panella,

1974

Assistant Treasurer Ms. Panella was elected Assistant Treasurer of the Trust at the September 15, 2015 meeting of the Board of Trustees Ms. Panella joined ALPS in June 2012 and is currently Fund Controller of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Panella served as Financial Reporting Manager for Parker Global Strategies, LLC (2009-2012).  Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Panella is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Panella also serves as Assistant Treasurer of James Advantage Funds.

Sharon Akselrod,

1974

Assistant Secretary Ms. Akselrod was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the September 15, 2015 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Akselrod joined ALPS in August 2014 and is currently Senior Investment Company Act Paralegal of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Akselrod served as Corporate Governance and Regulatory Associate for Nordstrom fsb (2013-2014) and Senior Legal Assistant – Legal Manager for AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company (2008-2013). Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Akselrod is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Akselrod is also Secretary of Principal Real Estate Income Fund and Assistant Secretary of ALPS ETF Trust and Clough Funds Trust.

Jennifer Craig,

1973

Assistant Secretary

Ms. Craig was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the June 8, 2016 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

 

Ms. Craig joined ALPS in 2007 and is currently Assistant Vice President and Paralegal Manager of ALPS. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Craig is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Craig is also Assistant Secretary of Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund, Clough Global Equity Fund, Clough Global Opportunities Fund, Liberty All-Star Equity Fund and Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc.

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Name, Address* & Year of Birth

Position(s) Held with Fund

Term of Office** and Length of Time Served

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years***

Sareena Khwaja-Dixon,

1980

Assistant Secretary Ms. Khwaja-Dixon was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the December 12, 2017 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Khwaja-Dixon joined ALPS in August 2015 and is currently Senior Counsel and Vice President of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Khwaja-Dixon served as a Senior Paralegal/Paralegal for Russell Investments (2011 – 2015). Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Khwaja-Dixon is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Khwaja-Dixon is also Secretary of Liberty All-Star Equity Fund, Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc., Clough Funds Trust, Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund, Clough Global Opportunities Fund, and Clough Global Equity Fund.

 

 
* All communications to Trustees and Officers may be directed to Financial Investors Trust c/o 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, CO 80203.
**This is the period for which the Trustee or Officer began serving the Trust. Each Trustee serves an indefinite term, until such Trustees successor is elected and appointed, or such Trustee resigns or is deceased. Officers are elected on an annual basis.
***Except as otherwise indicated, each individual has held the office shown or other offices in the same company for the last five years.
**** The Fund Complex includes all series of the Trust (currently 31) and any other investment companies for which Highland Associates, Inc. provides investment advisory services (currently none).

 

Additional Information About the Trustees’ Qualifications and Experience

 

The following is a brief discussion of the specific education, experience, qualifications, or skills that led to the conclusion, as of the date of this SAI, that each person identified below should serve as a Trustee for the Trust.

 

Mary K. Anstine

 

Ms. Anstine has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since March 21, 1997 and Chairman since June 6, 2017. Currently retired, Ms. Anstine has over 30 years of financial services experience. Most recently, she was President and CEO of HealthONE Alliance, Denver, Colorado from 1994 through 2004. From 1964 to 1994, Ms. Anstine held positions leading up to Executive Vice President of First Interstate Bank. She was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on her business and financial services experience.

 

Jeremy W. Deems

 

Mr. Deems has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since March 11, 2008. In 2007, Mr. Deems co-founded Green Alpha Advisors, LLC, a registered investment adviser, for which he currently serves as Chief Operations Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to co-founding Green Alpha Advisors, Mr. Deems was CFO of Forward Management, LLC, investment advisor to the Forward Funds and Sierra Club Mutual Funds, where he was also co-portfolio manager to the Sierra Club Stock Fund. In addition, he was the CFO of ReFlow Management Co., LLC. Prior to joining Forward and ReFlow, he served as Regional Marketing Assistant within the Investment Consulting Services Group at Morgan Stanley Dean Witter. Mr. Deems received a B.S. and a MBA in finance from Saint Mary’s College of California and is a licensed Certified Public Accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services, accounting and investment management experience.

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Jerry G. Rutledge

 

Mr. Rutledge has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. Mr. Rutledge is the President and owner of Rutledge's Inc., an upscale men's clothing store, which he opened in 1967. Mr. Rutledge has over 40 years of business experience. He served on the CU Board of Regents from 1995 to 2007 and currently serves on the Board of American National Bank. Mr. Rutledge is a graduate of the University of Colorado. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business experience.

 

Michael “Ross” Shell

 

Mr. Shell has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. In 2008, Mr. Shell founded Red Idea, LLC, a strategic consulting/early stage venture firm, for which he currently serves as CEO. From 1999 to 2009, he was a part-owner and Director of Tesser, Inc., a brand agency, during which time he also served as Director, Marketing and Investor Relations, of Woodbourne, a REIT/real estate hedge fund and private equity firm. Prior to this, he worked as a business strategy consultant, he was on the Global Client Services team of IDEO, and he was President of Tesser, Inc. Mr. Shell graduated with honors from Stanford University with a degree in Political Science. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services and investment management experience.

 

Edmund J. Burke

 

Mr. Burke has been an Interested Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. Mr. Burke joined ALPS Fund Services, Inc., the Fund’s administrator, in 1991 and retired in 2019.  He previously served as Director of ALPS Holdings, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc., ALPS Advisors, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc., the Fund’s principal underwriter, and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. Mr. Burke has over 20 years of financial services and investment management experience. Before joining ALPS, Mr. Burke was a Regional Vice President for the Pioneer Funds in Boston and has also worked with Fidelity. Mr. Burke has a B.A. in Economics from the University of New Hampshire. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services and investment management experience.

 

Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities

 

Overall responsibility for oversight of the Fund rests with the Trustees. The Trust has engaged the Adviser to manage the Fund on a day-to day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers in the operations of the Fund in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s charter. The Board is currently composed of five members, four of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board meets at regularly scheduled quarterly meetings each year. In addition, the Board may hold special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. As described below, the Board has established a Nominating and Governance Committee and an Audit Committee, and may establish ad hoc committees or working groups from time to time, to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities. The Independent Trustees have also engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.

 

The Board has appointed Mary K. Anstine, an Independent Trustee, to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with the Adviser, other service providers, counsel and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board reviews matters related to its leadership structure annually. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate given the Trust’s characteristics and circumstances. These characteristics include, but are not limited to, the Trust’s multiple series of fund shares, each fund’s single portfolio of assets, each fund’s net assets, the services provided by the funds’ service providers, the formal and informal functions of the various Independent Trustees both during and between Board meetings, the existence of the Trust for over 15 years and the long board service of some of the Independent Trustees, which in some cases date back to the inception of the Trust.

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Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of the Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and Committee activities. As part of its regular oversight of the Fund, the Board, directly or through a Committee, interacts with and reviews reports from, among others, Fund management, the Adviser, the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer, the Fund’s legal counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund regarding risks faced by the Fund. The Board, with the assistance of Fund management and the Adviser, reviews investment policies and risks in connection with its review of the Fund’s performance. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Fund’s compliance program and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Fund and its principal service providers. In addition, as part of the Board’s periodic review of the Fund’s advisory, sub-advisory, and other service provider agreements, the Board may consider risk management aspects of these service providers’ operations and the functions for which they are responsible.

 

None of the Independent Trustees own securities in the Adviser or the Distributor, nor do they own securities in any entity directly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Adviser or the Distributor.

 

Audit Committee.  The Board has an Audit Committee which considers such matters pertaining to the Trust’s books of account, financial records, internal accounting controls and changes in accounting principles or practices as the Trustees may from time to time determine.  The Audit Committee also considers the engagement and compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm (“Firm”) and ensures receipt from the Firm of a formal written statement delineating relationships between the Firm and the Trust, consistent with Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Rule 3526.  The Audit Committee also meets privately with the representatives of the Firm to review the scope and results of audits and other duties as set forth in the Audit Committee’s Charter.  The Audit Committee members, each of whom are Independent Trustees, are: Ms. Anstine and Messrs. Deems (Chairman), Rutledge and Shell.  The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019.

 

Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeThe Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee meets periodically to advise and assist the Board in selecting nominees to serve as trustees of the Trust. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes the Board generally benefits from diversity of background, experience and views among its members, and considers this a factor in evaluating the composition of the Board, but has not adopted any specific policy in this regard. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also advises and assists the Board in establishing, implementing and executing policies, procedures and practices that assure orderly and effective governance of the Trust and effective and efficient management of all business and financial affairs of the Trust.  Members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are currently: Ms. Anstine (Chairman) and Messrs. Deems, Rutledge and Shell.  The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board met once during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019.

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Shareholder Nominations.  The Board will consider shareholder nominees for Trustees.  All nominees must possess the appropriate characteristics, skills and experience for serving on the Board.  In particular, the Board and its Independent Trustees will consider each nominee’s integrity, educational and professional background, understanding of the Trust’s business on a technical level and commitment to devote the time and attention necessary to fulfill a Trustee’s duties.  All shareholders who wish to recommend nominees for consideration as Trustees shall submit the names and qualifications of the candidates to the Secretary of the Trust by writing to: Financial Investors Trust, 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado, 80203.

 

As of December 31, 2018, the dollar range of equity securities in the Fund beneficially owned by the Interested Trustee were as follows:

 

Interested Trustee

Dollar Range of Equity

Securities in the Fund

Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities

in All Registered Investment Companies

Overseen by Trustee in Family

of Investment Companies

Edmund J. Burke None None

 

As of December 31, 2018, the dollar range of equity securities in the Fund beneficially owned by Independent Trustees were as follows:

 

Independent Trustees

Dollar Range of Equity

Securities in the Fund

Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities

in All Registered Investment Companies

Overseen by Trustee in Family

of Investment Companies

Mary K. Anstine None $10,001 - $50,000
Jeremy W. Deems None None
Jerry G. Rutledge None $50,001 - $100,000
Michael “Ross” Shell None None

 

Remuneration of Trustees: 

 

The Independent Trustees receive a quarterly retainer of $15,000, plus $6,000 for each regular or special in-person Board or Committee meeting attended, and $2,000 for each special telephonic Board or Committee meeting attended. The Chairman of the Board and the Chairman of the Audit Committee will also receive an additional quarterly retainer of $3,000. The Independent Trustees are also reimbursed for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, the Independent Trustees received the following compensation:

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Aggregate

Compensation

From the Trust

Pension Or

Retirement

Benefits Accrued

As Part of Fund Expenses

Estimated Annual

Benefits Upon

Retirement

Aggregate

Compensation From The Trust

And Fund Complex

Paid To Trustees*

Mary K. Anstine  $120,000 $0 $0 $120,000
Jeremy W. Deems  $120,000 $0 $0 $120,000
Jerry G. Rutledge $106,000 $0 $0 $106,000
Michael “Ross” Shell $104,000 $0 $0 $104,000

 

* The Fund Complex includes all series of the Trust (currently 31) and any other investment companies for which any Trustee serves as trustee for and which Highland provides investment advisory services (currently none).

 

No officer, trustee or employee of the Adviser or any of its affiliates receives any compensation from the Fund for serving as an officer or trustee of the Fund.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

 

Highland, an independent, privately-owned investment adviser, subject to the authority of the Board, is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Fund’s business affairs. Highland commenced business operations in 1987 and is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser. Its principal address is 2545 Highland Avenue South, Suite 200, Birmingham, AL 35205.

 

On June 7, 2019, the Adviser entered into an agreement (the “Agreement”) pursuant to which Regions Bank (“Regions”) acquired the Adviser (the “Transaction”). According to the Adviser, the objectives of the purchase include the continuation of a transition process from the Adviser’s founders, access to additional growth capital for the Adviser, and additional resources to accelerate leadership’s strategic plans, etc.

 

The Transaction was completed on August 1, 2019 (the “Closing Date”). Effective as of the Closing Date, the Fund’s investment advisory agreement with the Adviser and the investment sub-advisory agreements between the Adviser, the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and each of: (a) Incline Global Management, LLC (“Incline”); (b) Chatham Asset Management, LLC (“Chatham”); and (c) Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC (“Parametric”) terminated.

 

Effective as of the Closing Date, the Adviser continues to serve as investment adviser to the Fund pursuant to an interim investment advisory agreement (the “Interim Agreement”), under terms that are the same in all material respects to the previous investment advisory agreement, except for the addition of terms concerning the escrow of the Adviser’s management fees during the period in which the Interim Agreement is in effect and a 150-day term. The Interim Agreement will remain in effect until the earlier of: (i) the expiration of the 150-day term and (ii) the date upon which the shareholders of the Fund approve a new investment advisory agreement between the Fund and the Adviser. Pursuant to an exemptive order from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, new investment sub-advisory agreements between Chatham, Incline and Parametric became effective as of the Closing Date.

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, as amended (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Fund pays the Adviser an annual management fee of 1.50% based on the Fund’s average daily net assets during the month, less any amounts payable for advisory services, over the same corresponding period, to the Adviser by that certain offshore subsidiary of the Fund. The management fee is paid on a monthly basis. The current term of the Advisory Agreement is one year. The Board may extend the Advisory Agreement for additional one-year terms. The Board, the shareholders of the Fund by the vote of a majority of the voting securities of the Fund, or the Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty (60) calendar days’ notice. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the renewal of the Fund’s Advisory Agreement is available in the Fund’s annual report for the period ended April 30, 2019.

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The table below shows the management fees paid by the Fund to the Adviser for the periods indicated:

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2017

Gross Advisory Fees $5,262,549 $6,121,602 $8,819,140
Waiver of Advisory Fees ($4,058,564) ($4,582,706) ($7,367,626)
Reimbursement of other Expenses $0 $0 $0
Net Advisory Fees $1,203,985 $1,538,896 $1,451,514

 

The Adviser has contractually agreed, with respect to the Fund’s Class I shares, to waive (i) the portion of its 1.50% investment advisory fee in excess of any Sub-Advisory Fees less (ii) third-party administrative costs charged to the Adviser in connection with non-recurring addition of a new investment sub-advisor for the Fund or removal of an existing investment sub-adviser to the Fund. This agreement will be in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will not be permitted to discontinue this agreement to waive fees without the approval by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

On December 5, 2012, the Adviser and Financial Investors Trust (the “Trust”), of which the Fund is a series, were granted an exemptive order from the SEC that allows the Adviser to allocate and reallocate the assets of the Fund among any sub-advisers so selected pursuant to a “manager of managers” structure. The Adviser has the responsibility, subject to the oversight of the Trust’s Board, to continuously supervise each sub-adviser, monitor its adherence to the Fund’s investment strategies and evaluate its performance results. The Adviser also has the authority under this structure to retain and terminate sub-advisers, engage new sub-advisers and make material revisions to the terms of the sub-advisory agreements subject to the approval of the Trust’s Board of Trustees, but not shareholder approval. For services rendered under the sub-advisory agreements, each sub-adviser will receive a fee directly from the Adviser out of the fees that the Adviser receives from the Fund. The Fund will be required to notify shareholders within 90 days after a sub-adviser begins providing its services.

 

The Subsidiary has entered into a separate advisory agreement with the Adviser (the “Subsidiary Advisory Agreement”) for the management of the Subsidiary’s portfolio pursuant to which the Subsidiary is obligated to pay the Adviser a management fee at the same rate that the Fund pays the Adviser for services provided to the Fund. This waiver may not be terminated without the consent of the Board of the Fund.

 

Currently, the Fund has agreements with three Sub-Advisers. The Adviser and the Trust have entered into sub-advisory agreements with respect to the Fund with the following Sub-Advisers, one or more of which may be selected from time to time by the Adviser, to manage a portion of the Fund’s assets.

 

Incline Global, 40 West 57th Street, Suite 1430, New York, New York 10019. Incline Global was founded in April 2012 by Jeff Lignelli and is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser. Incline Global employs a global long/short equity strategy focused primarily on identifying investments that fit proprietary frameworks followed by highly detailed company-specific research.

 

Chatham, 26 Main Street, Suite 204 Chatham, New Jersey 07928, is an independent investment advisor formed in 2003 and is majority owned by Anthony Melchiorre.

 

Parametric, Minneapolis Office, 3600 Minnesota Drive, Suite 325, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55435. Parametric offers systematic alpha strategies that seek to outperform designated benchmarks on a risk-adjusted basis by applying systematic, rules-based asset class exposure. The firm’s customized exposure management solutions use individual securities, exchange-traded funds, futures, options and other derivative instruments to construct and manage portfolios to assist clients in meeting their market exposure, risk management, tax management and return objectives.

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The Sub-Advisers will be engaged to manage the investments of the Fund according to the Fund’s investment objective, policies and limitations and any investment guidelines established by the Adviser and the Board of Trustees. The Adviser will pay the Sub-Advisers out of the advisory fee paid to the Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement. The Fund is not responsible for the payment of the Sub-Advisory fee. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s renewal of the Sub-Advisory Agreement with Incline and Chatham is available in the Fund’s annual report for the period ended April 30, 2019. A discussion regarding the basis of the Board’s approval of the Sub-Advisory Agreement with Parametric, which is available in the Fund’s annual report for the period ended April 30, 2019.

 

The Adviser pays the Sub-Advisers a management fee out of the management fee paid to the Adviser. The Fund is not responsible for the payment of the fee to the Sub-Advisers. The following table shows the sub-advisory fees paid to each Sub-Adviser by the Fund for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019:

 

Highland Resolute Fund  
Incline Global Management, LLC (Gross Sub-Advisory Fees) $494,590
Chatham Asset Management, LLC (Gross Sub-Advisory Fees) $709,282
Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC* (Gross Sub-Advisory Fees) N/A
* Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC became a sub-adviser to the Fund effective July 1, 2019.

 

DISTRIBUTOR

 

Shares of the Fund are offered on a continuous basis through ALPS Distributors, Inc. (an affiliate of ALPS) (“ADI” or the “Distributor”), located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, as distributor pursuant to a distribution agreement between the Distributor and the Fund. The Distributor is not obligated to sell any specific amount of Fund shares.

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

The Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Advisers and the Distributor each have adopted a code of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics permit the personnel of these entities to invest in securities, including securities that the Fund may purchase or hold. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.

64

 

ADMINISTRATOR

 

The Fund currently employs ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (an affiliate of ADI) (“ALPS” or the “Administrator”), located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, under an administration agreement to provide certain administrative services to the Fund. Information on the services provided by the Administrator is available in the Prospectus, which is incorporated by reference in this SAI.

 

The table below shows the administrative fees earned by ALPS for the periods indicated:

 

 

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2017

Highland Resolute Fund $308,720 $275,265 $496,488

 

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

Although individual Board members may not agree with particular policies or votes by the Adviser, the Board has approved delegating proxy voting discretion to the Adviser and Sub-Advisers believing that the Adviser and Sub-Adviser should be responsible for voting because it is a matter relating to the investment decision making process.

 

Attached as Appendix B is a summary of the guidelines and procedures that the Adviser and Sub-Advisers use to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities, including the procedures that the Adviser and Sub-Advisers use when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Adviser, Sub-Adviser, or any affiliated person of the Fund or the Adviser or Sub-Adviser, on the other. This summary of the guidelines gives a general indication as to how the Adviser or Sub-Adviser will vote proxies relating to portfolio securities on each issue listed. However, the guidelines do not address all potential voting issues or the intricacies that may surround individual proxy votes. For that reason, there may be instances in which votes may vary from the guidelines presented. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser and Sub-Adviser always endeavor to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives. When applicable, information on how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent prior 12-month period ended June 30, will be available without charge, (i) upon request, by calling (855) 268-2242 and (ii) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

CONTROL PERSONS, PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS 

AND MANAGEMENT OWNERSHIP

 

To the best knowledge of the Trust, the names and addresses of the record and beneficial holders of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund and the percentage of the outstanding shares held by such holders are set forth below. To the best knowledge of the Trust, entities shown as owning more than 25% of the outstanding Shares of the Fund are not the beneficial owners of such Shares, unless otherwise indicated.

 

A shareholder who owns beneficially 25% or more of the outstanding securities of the Fund is presumed to “control” the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act. Such control may affect the voting rights of other shareholders. The following table provides the name and address of any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of each class of the Fund as of August 1, 2019:

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Fund Shareholder Name and Address Percentage of Interest Type of Ownership
Highland Resolute Fund Wells Fargo Bank NA
Minneapolis, MN
72.66% Record
Highland Resolute Fund

Charles Schwab

San Francisco, CA

12.11% Record

 

The Trustees and Officers of the Trust as a group owned less than 1% of any Fund’s shares.

 

EXPENSES

 

The Fund’s expenses include taxes, interest, fees and salaries of such Fund Trustees and officers who are not trustees, officers or employees of the Fund’s service contractors, SEC fees, state securities qualification fees, costs of preparing and printing prospectuses for regulatory purposes and for distribution to existing shareholders, advisory and administration fees, charges of the custodian and of the transfer and dividend disbursing agent, certain insurance premiums, outside auditing and legal expenses, costs of shareholder reports and shareholder meetings and any extraordinary expenses. The Fund also pays for brokerage fees and commissions (if any) in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

The following sections set forth certain additional information with respect to the portfolio managers for the Fund. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of April 30, 2019.

 

Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Managers

 

The table below identifies as of April 30, 2019, for the portfolio managers of the Fund, the number of accounts (other than the Fund with respect to which information is provided) for which he has day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts.

 

Portfolio Manager(s) Registered Investment
Companies
Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles
Other Accounts
Number Total Assets (in millions) Number Total Assets (in millions) Number Total Assets (in millions)
Highland Associates, Inc.
as of June 30, 2019
           
R. Scott Graham 0 $0 9 $6,122 0 $0

Michael T. Lytle

0 $0 0 $0 9 $19,412

Incline Global Management, LLC

           
Jeff Lignelli 1 $3.6 0 $0 6 $889

Chatham Asset Management, LLC

           
Anthony Melchiorre 2 $146 41 $1,994 7 $1,809
Kevin O’Malley 2 $146 41 $1,194 7 $1,809
Evan Ratner 2 $146 41 $1,194 7 $1,809
Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC
as of May 31, 2019
4 $845.14 5 $6,892.97 832 $32,701.44*
Tom Lee, CFA 3 $891.87 4 $6,740.79 147 $6,182.23
Jay Strohmaier, CFA 2 $339.66 4 $6,740.79 147 $6,182.23
Perry Li, CFA, FRM 2 $339.66 4 $6,740.79 147 $6,182.23
Michael Zaslavsky, CFA 4 $845.14 5 $6,892.97 832 $32,701.44*

 

1 The performance of these accounts is based on performance.2 Of these accounts, 5 accounts consisting of $1,529 million, are based on performance.
* Six other accounts with $925.35 million in assets have a performance-based fee.

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Portfolio Manager Compensation

 

Highland Associates, Inc.

 

Compensation

 

The compensation program for the portfolio managers includes a base salary as well as a short and long-term incentive programs. The short-term incentives are cash bonuses which are based upon how well the employee completes an agreed upon set of tasks. The metrics for evaluation are discussed at the beginning of the year and periodic evaluations occur during the year. The long-term incentive compensation consists of equity grants which are also based upon the successful completion of pre-agreed upon tasks. The entire compensation program is based on the portfolio manager’s contribution to the overall investment process of the firm, the success of the firm’s clients, and the overall profitability of the firm.

 

Conflicts of Interest with Other Accounts

 

The portfolio managers for the Fund manage multiple accounts, including the referenced Funds. The portfolio managers make decisions for each account based on the investment objectives, policies, practices, and other relevant investment considerations that the portfolio managers believe are applicable to that account. Consequently, the portfolio managers may purchase securities for one account and not another account, and the performance of securities purchased for one account may vary from the performance of securities purchased for other accounts. A portfolio manager may place transactions on behalf of other accounts that are contrary to investment decisions made on behalf of the Fund, or make investment decisions that are similar to those made for the Fund, both of which have the potential to adversely affect the price paid or received by the Fund or the size of the security position obtainable for the Fund. The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures that it believes address the conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts for multiple clients, although there is no assurance that such policies and procedures will adequately address such conflicts.

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Incline Global Management, LLC (“Incline Global”)

 

Portfolio Manager Compensation

 

Incline Global’s portfolio manager’s compensation generally is comprised of a base salary and a discretionary bonus. Base salaries of the firm’s senior members correspond to the firm’s overall assets under management. Senior members of the firm are also compensated in the form of a bonus which is based on a sharing of the performance fee. The firm does not have individual P&L’s, thus employees are focused solely on the firm’s overall performance.

 

Conflicts of Interest with Other Accounts

 

Portfolios managed by the firm are reviewed continuously to ensure they are being managed per the provided investment guidelines. As part of Incline Global’s fiduciary duty to its clients, the firm has an obligation to trade assets in a manner that is fair to all clients, and to exercise diligence and care throughout its process. Incline Global has instituted policies and procedures to address potential conflicts of interest, such as personal trading by employees or the aggregating of client trades, to ensure that it will place client transactions with appropriate care and diligence, seek best execution, treat all clients fairly, and disclose all material conflicts of interest. Incline Global’s policies and procedures have been designed to identify and properly disclose, mitigate, and/or eliminate applicable conflicts of interest. Employees are required to notify the Chief Compliance Officer immediately if Incline Global appears to have failed to identify or appropriately address any conflicts of interest. As necessary, the CCO will consult with third party compliance consultants and/or outside counsel.

 

Chatham Asset Management, LLC (“Chatham”)

 

Portfolio Manager Compensation

 

Chatham’s portfolio managers receive a base salary and a share of firm profitability based on assets managed and pre-tax profits. Certain senior employees share in management and incentive fees. Employees are compensated via a base salary and bonus based on the performance of the firm as well as their individual contributions.

 

Conflicts of Interest with Other Accounts

 

Chatham is a fiduciary of its clients and owes each client an affirmative duty of good faith and full and fair disclosure of all material facts. This duty is particularly pertinent whenever Chatham is in a situation involving a conflict or potential conflict of interest. Chatham’s employees must affirmatively exercise authority and responsibility for the benefit of clients, and may not participate in any activities that may conflict with the interests of clients except in accordance with applicable policies.

 

Chatham acknowledges the perceived conflict of varying fee schedules across their entities. To mitigate this perceived conflict, Chatham notes that it has a trade allocation policy that is based off fair and equitable treatment, Chatham’s clients have varied investment strategies, and it is a fiduciary to its clients.

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Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC (“Parametric”)

 

Portfolio Manager Compensation

 

Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC (“Parametric”). Compensation of investment professionals at Parametric has three primary components: (i) a base salary; (ii) an annual cash bonus; and (iii) annual equity- based compensation for eligible employees.

 

Parametric investment professionals also receive certain retirement, insurance and other benefits that are broadly available to Parametric employees. Compensation of Parametric professionals is reviewed on an annual basis. Stock-based compensation awards and adjustments in base salary and bonuses are typically paid and/or put into effect at or shortly after, the firm’s fiscal year-end, October 31.

 

The firm also maintains the following arrangements:

 

Employment contracts for key investment professionals and senior leadership.

Eligible employees receive Eaton Vance equity grants that vest over a five-year period from grant date. The vesting schedule for each grant is 10% in year one, 15% in year two, 20% in year three, 25% in year four, and 30% in year five.

Participation in Parametric equity plans for key employees, reflective of their individual contribution to the firm’s success and tenure at the firm.

Profit sharing that over a five-year period from employee’s start date. The vesting schedule for the profit sharing is 20% per year from the employee’s start date.

 

Parametric seeks to compensate investment professionals commensurate with responsibilities and performance while remaining competitive with other firms within the investment management industry.

 

Salaries, bonuses and stock-based compensation are also influenced by the operating performance of Parametric and its parent company, Eaton Vance Corp. (“EVC”). While the salaries of investment professionals are comparatively fixed, cash bonuses and stock-based compensation may fluctuate from year-to-year, based on changes in financial performance and other factors. Parametric also offers opportunities to move within the organization, as well as incentives to grow within the organization by promotion.

 

Additionally, Parametric participates in compensation surveys that benchmark salaries against other firms in the industry. This data is reviewed, along with a number of other factors, so that compensation remains competitive with other firms in the industry.

 

Conflicts of Interest with Other Accounts

 

Parametric has a fiduciary obligation to act at all times in the best interests of its clients. It is the responsibility of Parametric’s senior management in conjunction with Compliance to ensure the protection of client assets. Several Parametric policies and procedures are designed to identify real and potential conflicts of interest, and further manage these conflicts of interest. Conflicts of interest may arise when Parametric places its own interests or the interests of its affiliates ahead of its clients’ interests, or when Parametric places the interests of certain clients ahead of other clients’ interests. Parametric regularly monitors and evaluates the nature of its business and other key relationships, including its affiliate relationships, in order to prevent material conflicts with its clients.

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Conflicts of interest may arise for individual employees as well. To identify and assess potential conflicts of interest, all employees are required to disclose all external and internal potential conflicts of interest including, but not limited to, outside business activities, related persons employed in the securities industry, board membership, and any key relationships with public companies.

 

Parametric anticipates that, in appropriate circumstances and consistent with the client’s investment objectives, it will cause accounts over which Parametric has management authority to recommend the purchase or sale of securities in which Parametric and/or its other clients, directly or indirectly, have a position or interest. From time to time, Parametric or its affiliates may also recommend to investment advisory clients or prospective clients the purchase or sale of mutual funds in which Parametric receives a sub-advisory fee. Subject to satisfying Parametric’s Code of Ethics policy and applicable laws, officers, directors and employees of Parametric may trade for their own accounts in securities that are recommended to and/or purchased for their clients.

 

Parametric’s Code of Ethics is designed to reasonably address conflicts of interest between Parametric and its clients and to ensure that the activities, interests and relationships of employees will not interfere with making decisions in the best interest of advisory clients. Compliance monitors employee trading to reasonably ensure that employees have complied with the restrictions outlined in the Code of Ethics, and to verify that employees are not taking advantage of their inside position.

 

Ownership of Securities

 

The table below identifies ownership of Fund securities by each Portfolio Manager as of April 30, 2019.

 

Portfolio Manager(s) Dollar Range of Ownership of Securities
Michael T. Lytle $0
R. Scott Graham $0
Jeff Lignelli $0
Anthony Melchiorre $0
Kevin O’Malley $0
Evan Ratner $0
Tom Lee, CFA $0
Jay Strohmaier, CFA $0
Perry Li, CFA, FRM $0
Michael Zaslavsky, CFA $0

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NET ASSET VALUE

 

The following is a description of the procedures used by the Fund in valuing its assets. Because of the differences in service and distribution fees and class-specific expenses, the per share net asset value of each class may differ. For the purpose of pricing purchase and redemption orders, the net asset value per share of each class of the Fund is calculated separately and is determined once daily as of the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE (normally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). The Fund’s net asset value is calculated on each day that the NYSE is open for trading, i.e., Monday through Friday, except for New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day, and the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when one of those holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively.

 

In calculating net asset value, equity securities listed or traded on national securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price or, if there have been no sales on that day, at the mean of the current bid and ask price which represents the current value of the security. Over-the-counter securities are valued at the mean of the current bid and ask price.

 

Portfolio securities listed on the NASDAQ National Market System for which market quotations are available are valued at the official closing price. If there is no official closing price, the securities are valued at the last sale price or, if there have been no sales that day, at the mean of the current bid and ask price which represents the current value of the security.

 

Securities that are primarily traded on foreign exchanges generally are valued at the preceding closing values of such securities on their respective exchanges, except that when an occurrence subsequent to the time a value was so established is likely to have changed such value, then the fair value of those securities will be determined by consideration of other factors by or under the direction of the Fund’s Board or its delegates. In valuing assets, prices denominated in foreign currencies are converted to U.S. dollar equivalents at the current exchange rate. Securities may be valued by independent pricing services which use prices provided by market-makers or estimates of market values obtained from yield data relating to instruments or securities with similar characteristics. In certain circumstances, bid and ask prices may be obtained from (i) a broker/dealer specified and deemed reliable by the Adviser, (ii) pink sheets, yellow sheets or the blue list, or (iii) a pricing agent that obtains quotations from broker/dealers or evaluates the value of the respective bid and ask prices. All other securities and other assets of the Fund will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board.

 

FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

 

This section provides additional information concerning U.S. federal income taxes. It is based on the Code, applicable Treasury Regulations, judicial authority, and administrative rulings and practice, all as of the date of this SAI, and all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. The following does not address any state, local or foreign or estate or gift tax matters.

 

A shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax consequences from acquiring, holding and disposing of shares in the Fund may vary depending upon his or her particular situation. This discussion only applies to shareholders who are U.S. persons, except where otherwise stated. For purposes of this discussion, U.S. persons are: (i) U.S. citizens or residents, (ii) U.S. corporations, (iii) an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or certain electing trusts that were in existence on August 20, 1996, and were treated as domestic trusts on August 19, 1996. This discussion does not address issues of significance to U.S. persons in special situations such as: (i) certain types of tax-exempt organizations, (ii) shareholders holding shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plan accounts or individual retirement accounts), (iii) shareholders holding investments through foreign institutions (financial and non-financial), (iv) financial institutions, (v) broker-dealers, (vi) entities not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, (vii) shareholders holding shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction, and (viii) shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax.

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If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships that are considering the purchase of shares should consult their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares.

 

The Fund has not requested and will not request an advance ruling from the IRS as to the U.S. federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. In addition, the foregoing discussion only addresses some of the U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting investments in the Fund. Prospective shareholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisers as to the particular U.S. federal tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund, as well as the applicability and effect of any state, local or foreign laws, and the effect of possible changes in applicable tax laws.

 

General Policies

 

In general, it is the Fund’s policy to distribute to its shareholders as “ordinary income dividends” substantially all of its net investment income and short-term capital gains. It is also the Fund’s policy to distribute annually all of its net realized long-term capital gains, if any, after offsetting any capital loss carryovers as “capital gains dividends.”

 

Ordinary income dividends and capital gain distributions are payable in full and fractional shares of the relevant class of the Fund based upon the net asset value determined as of the close of the Exchange on the record date for each dividend or distribution. Shareholders, however, may elect to receive their ordinary income dividends or capital gain distributions, or both, in cash. The election may be made at any time by submitting a written request directly to the applicable Fund. In order for a change to be in effect for any dividend or distribution, it must be received by such Fund on or before the record date for such dividend or distribution.

 

If you elect to receive your dividends in cash and the dividend checks sent to you are returned “undeliverable” to the applicable Fund or remain uncashed for six months, your cash election will automatically be changed and your future dividends will be reinvested. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed dividend or redemption checks.

 

As required by federal law, detailed U.S. federal tax information will be furnished to each shareholder for each calendar year.

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Taxation of the Fund

 

The Fund intends to elect to be treated and qualify each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, the Fund must, among other things: (i) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships;” (ii) diversify its holdings so that at the end of each fiscal quarter, (a) at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities limited generally, with respect to any one issuer, to no more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is invested in (1) the securities (other than those of the U.S. government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, (2) the securities (other than the securities of other regulated investment companies) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or (3) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships and (iii) distribute with respect to each taxable year an amount equal to or exceeding the sum of (a) 90% of its “investment company taxable income,” as that term is defined in the Code (which generally includes, among other things, dividends, taxable interest, and the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, as reduced by certain deductible expenses) without regard to the deduction for dividends paid, and (b) 90% of its tax-exempt interest income, net of expenses allocable thereto. For purposes of meeting the diversification requirement described in (ii) above, in the case of the Fund’s investment in loan participations, the issuer may be the financial intermediary or the borrower.

 

With respect to (i) above, the IRS may limit qualifying income from foreign currency gains to the amount of such currency gains that are directly related to a regulated investment company’s principal business of investing in stock or securities (or options and futures with respect thereto) pursuant to regulations that may be promulgated in the future. For purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in (i) above, income derived from a partnership will generally be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized by the regulated investment company. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (defined as an entity taxed as a partnership (x) interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in (i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive activity loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. Finally, for purposes of (ii)(a) above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership.

 

To the extent that it qualifies for treatment as a regulated investment company, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income distributed to its shareholders in a timely manner in the form of dividends (including capital gain dividends, defined below). In certain situations, the Fund can cure failures to meet the income and diversification tests described above, including, in some cases, by paying a fund-level tax and, in the case of diversification failures, disposing of certain assets. If the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year – for example, because it was not sufficiently diversified under the applicable Code tests – the Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. To qualify again to be taxed as a regulated investment company that is accorded special treatment in a subsequent year, the Fund could be required to pay substantial taxes, penalties and interest and make substantial distributions. In addition, if the Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be required to recognize and pay tax on any net built-in gain (the excess of aggregate gain, including items of income, over aggregate loss that would have been realized if the effected Fund had been liquidated) or, alternatively, to be subject to taxation on such built-in gain recognized for a period of five years, in order to qualify as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year.

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As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its net capital gains (that, is any net long-term capital gains in excess of the sum of net short-term capital losses and certain capital loss carryovers from prior years) properly reported by the Fund in a written statement to shareholders as capital gain dividends (“capital gain dividends”) and its investment company taxable income if any, that the Fund distributes to shareholders on a timely basis. The Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its investment company taxable income and to distribute all of its capital gains dividends in a taxable year. If the Fund does retain any investment company taxable income, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. However, the Fund may elect to have certain dividends paid after the close of a tax year treated as having been paid during the tax year for purposes of the regulated investment company distribution requirements and for purposes of determining its taxable income (“spill-over dividends”). Spill-over dividends are taxed to shareholders in the year in which they are received.  

 

Under current law, provided the Fund is not treated as a “personal holding company” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund is permitted to treat on its tax return as dividends paid the portion of redemption proceeds paid to redeeming shareholders that represents the redeeming shareholders’ portion of the Fund’s accumulated earnings and profits. This practice, called tax “equalization,” would reduce the amount of income and/or gains that the Fund is required to distribute as dividends to non-redeeming shareholders.  The total return on a shareholder’s investment would generally not be reduced as a result of the Fund’s use of this practice. If the IRS were to determine that the Fund’s equalization method is improper and that the Fund has under-distributed its income and gain for any taxable year, the Fund may be liable for federal income and/or excise tax.

 

If the Fund retains any net capital gain, it will also be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and (iii) will be entitled to obtain a refund of the excess, if any, of their allocable share of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount over the shareholder’s tax liability on such amount. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence.

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Generally, the excess (if any) of the Fund’s net short-term capital loss over the net long-term capital gain for a taxable year will carry over as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the next tax year. In addition, the excess (if any) of the Fund’s net long-term capital loss over the net short-term capital gain for the year will carry over as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the next tax year. Unused capital losses realized by the Fund may be carried forward indefinitely until they can be used to offset capital gains. If future capital gains are offset by carried-forward capital losses, such future capital gains are not subject to Fund-level federal income tax, regardless of whether they are distributed to shareholders. However, future capital gains offset by carried-forward capital losses are generally subject to taxation as ordinary dividends to shareholders if distributed. Accordingly, the Fund does not expect to distribute any capital gains offset by carried-forward capital losses. The Fund cannot carry back or carry forward any net operating losses

 

A regulated investment company may elect to treat any post-October capital loss (defined as the Fund’s net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss, as applicable, in each case attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31) and late-year ordinary loss (generally, (i) net ordinary losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31, plus (ii) other net ordinary losses attributable to the portion of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.

 

If the Fund fails to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its net capital gain income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year, plus any retained amount for the prior year, the Fund will be subject to a non-deductible excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property that would be properly taken into account after October 31 are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. For purposes of the excise tax, the Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending within the calendar year. A dividend paid to shareholders in January of a year generally is deemed to have been paid on December 31 of the preceding year, if the dividend is declared and payable to the shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year.

 

The Fund intends to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the excise tax, although there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so. Moreover, the Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant (for example, the amount of excise tax to be paid is deemed de minimis).

 

Taxation of Fund Distributions

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment company taxable income are generally taxable as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s current or accumulated “earnings and profits.” Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares. Distributions of net capital gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for more than one year and that are properly designated by the Fund as capital gain dividends (i.e., “capital gain dividends”) will be taxable to Fund shareholders as long-term capital gains. Generally, distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income.

 

The Fund may designate certain dividends as derived from “qualified dividend income,” which, when received by an individual or other non-corporate shareholder, will be taxed at maximum federal income tax rates applicable to long-term capital gain, which (for this purpose) is 20% (in addition to the surtax described in “Surtax on Net Investment Income” below). Dividend income distributed to individual or other non-corporate shareholders will qualify as “qualified dividend income” as that term is defined in section 1(h)(11)(B) of the Code to the extent such distributions are attributable to income from the applicable Fund’s investments in common and preferred stock of U.S. companies and stock of certain qualified foreign corporations provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met by both the Fund and its shareholders. The Fund does not expect a significant portion of distributions to be derived from qualified dividend income.

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Distributions of earnings and gains are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before a shareholder invested in that Fund (and thus were included in the price the shareholder paid), and whether shareholders receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares (other than distributions, if any, designated by the Fund as “exempt-interest dividends,” a designation which the Fund generally do not expect to make). Any gain resulting from the sale or exchange of Fund shares generally will be taxable as capital gains. Distributions declared and payable by the Fund during October, November or December to shareholders of record on a date in any such month and paid by the Fund during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as paid by the Fund and received by shareholders on December 31st of the year in which declared rather than the calendar year in which they were received.

 

The maximum long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals is 20%, in addition to the 3.8% surcharge on net investment income, described under “Surtax on Net Investment Income,” below.

 

Dividends received by corporate shareholders that are reported by the Fund in a written statement furnished to shareholders may qualify for the 50% dividends received deduction to the extent of the amount of qualifying dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations and to the extent a portion of interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund are treated as dividends subject (in either case) to certain holding period requirements and debt-financing limitations.

 

If the Fund makes a distribution in excess of its current and accumulated “earnings and profits” in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder’s basis in his or her shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of such shares.

 

Sale or Redemption of Shares

 

The sale or redemption of Fund shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to the shares. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitation.

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All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed if other substantially identical shares of the Fund are purchased within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

 

Special Tax Considerations

 

The following discussion relates to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of the investment policies of the Fund.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Companies

 

The Fund may own shares in certain foreign investment entities, referred to as “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”). In order to avoid U.S. federal income tax and an additional charge on any “excess distribution” from PFICs or gain from the disposition of PFIC shares, the Fund may elect to “mark-to-market” annually its investments in such entities, which will result in the Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased all the PFIC stock at the end of each year. As a result of the mark-to-market election, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. By making the mark-to-market election, the Fund could potentially mitigate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year it may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. The Fund may have to distribute this “phantom” income and gain to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the excise tax described above. Alternatively, the Fund may elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (a “QEF election”), in which case the Fund would be required to include its share of the company’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives distributions from the PFIC. As with the mark-to-market election, these amounts would be taken into account by an electing Fund for purposes of satisfying the distribution requirement and the excise tax distribution requirement. Under Treasury Regulations finalized in 2019, earnings included in income under a QEF election would be qualifying dividend income for a regulated investment company if such earnings are distributed in the taxable year in which they are earned. The Treasury Regulations also provide that if an amount is included in gross income of a regulated investment company pursuant to a QEF election and is derived with respect to the regulated investment company’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, then such amount will be qualifying income for the regulated investment company, whether or not currently distributed. In order to make a QEF election, the Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain. Income from investments in PFICs generally will not qualify for treatment as qualified dividend income. Dividends paid by PFICs or by foreign corporations that were PFICs in the year preceding the payment of the dividends will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.

 

Exchange-Traded Notes

 

The Fund may invest in exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”). The tax treatment of ETNs will depend upon the particular features of the ETN in question, and may present significant uncertainties.

 

Some ETNs are properly treated as indebtedness for federal income tax purposes. If the Fund owns such ETNs, it will be required to take into account interest income on the ETNs on the accrual method. If an ETN is issued or purchased at a discount, the purchasing Fund may be required to take the discount into income as original issue discount or market discount. See “Securities Issued or Purchased at a Discount.”

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Other ETNs are properly treated as prepaid forward or derivative contracts for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The tax consequences of an investment in such ETNs are unclear under current law. If the Fund holds such ETNs, it may not report any taxable income or loss over the term of the ETNs prior to their taxable disposition (including at maturity or pursuant to an early redemption or call). Upon a taxable disposition of a note, the Fund would report gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on the taxable disposition and the Fund’s tax basis in the note, which should equal the amount paid to acquire the note. This gain or loss should be long-term capital gain or loss if the Fund has held the note for more than one year at that time.

 

In addition, some ETNs may be taxed as “section 1256 contracts.” See “Financial Products” below for the treatment of such section 1256 contracts.

 

Because of the absence of controlling authority, there are significant uncertainties regarding the tax consequences of the Fund’s ownership and disposition of ETNs treated as a prepaid forward or derivative contract. For example, the Fund might be required to include amounts in income during the term of the ETN notes and/or to treat all or a portion of the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of the ETN as ordinary income or loss or as short term capital gain or loss, without regard to how long the Fund holds the ETN.

 

Non-U.S. Taxes

 

A fund that invests in non-U.S. securities may be liable to non-U.S. governments for taxes relating primarily to investment income or capital gains on non-U.S. securities in such fund’s portfolio. If at the close of its taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets consists of securities of foreign corporations (including foreign governments), the Fund may make an election under the Code that would allow Fund shareholders who are U.S. persons or U.S. corporations to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their U.S. income tax return for their pro rata portion of qualified taxes paid by that Fund to non-U.S. countries in respect of non-U.S. securities held at least a minimum period as specified in the Code. If the Fund were eligible for and were to make the election, the amount of each shareholder’s distribution reported on the information returns filed by the Fund with the IRS must be increased by the amount of the shareholder’s portion of the Fund’s foreign tax paid. A shareholder’s ability to claim all or a part of a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of non-U.S. taxes paid by the Fund would also be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code.

 

If the Fund were to qualify as a “qualified fund of funds,” the Fund could be entitled to elect to pass-through its foreign tax credits without regard to the above described 50% requirement. For this purpose, the term “qualified fund of funds” means a regulated investment company if (at the close of each quarter of the taxable year) at least 50% of the value of its total assets is represented by interests in other regulated investment companies.

 

The Fund makes no assurances as to either the availability of any election discussed in this section or its willingness to make any such election.

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Non-U.S. Currency Transactions

 

Transactions in non-U.S. currencies, non-U.S.-currency denominated debt obligations and certain non-U.S. currency options, future contracts, and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the non-U.S. currency concerned and may increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxes payable by shareholders. Certain of the Fund’s transactions, if any, in foreign currencies and foreign currency denominated instruments are likely to result in a difference between the Fund’s book income and taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of the Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital or capital gain for tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to avoid excise tax liability and to qualify as a regulated investment company, which may have the effect of accelerating taxable distributions to shareholders of the Fund.

 

Financial Products

 

The Fund’s investments in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts, swaps and certain other transactions will be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale, short sale and other rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income recognized by the Fund, defer the Fund’s losses, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund’s securities, convert capital gain into ordinary income and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to Fund shareholders. 

 

Some of the Fund’s investments, such as certain option transactions as well as futures transactions in foreign currency contracts that are traded in the interbank market, may be “section 1256 contracts.” Gains and losses on section 1256 contracts are generally treated as 60% long-term capital and 40% short-term capital, although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as entirely ordinary in character. Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of a taxable year are “marked to market” for income tax purposes, meaning that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized (and treated on the 60/40 basis described above).

 

Certain positions undertaken by the Fund may constitute “straddles” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character of gains or losses realized by the Fund. Losses realized by the Fund that are part of a straddle may be deferred beyond the point in time that they are realized. The straddle rules, if applicable, could increase the amount of short-term capital gain realized by the Fund, which is taxed as ordinary income when distributed to shareholders. Certain tax elections that the Fund may make with respect to straddles could affect the character and timing of recognition of gains and losses.

 

Rules governing the tax aspects of notional principal contracts in which the Fund may invest are not clear in various respects. As a result, the IRS could challenge the Fund’s methods of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes for such contracts, and such a challenge could affect the status of the Fund as a regulated investment company.

 

The Fund may make short sales of securities. Short sales may increase the amount of short-term capital gains realized by the Fund, which is taxed as ordinary income to the shareholders when distributed. Short sales may also constitute “constructive sales” in certain circumstances, which would result in taxable income before the short-sale positions are terminated.

 

Certain of the Fund’s hedging activities including its transactions in options, futures contracts and foreign currencies, are likely to result in a difference between such Fund’s book income and taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of the Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital or capital gain for tax purposes or require such Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to avoid excise tax liability and to qualify as a regulated investment company, which may have the effect of accelerating taxable distributions to shareholders.

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Securities Issued or Purchased at a Discount

 

The Fund’s investment in securities issued at a discount and certain other obligations will (and investments in securities purchased at a discount may) require that Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. In addition, payment-in-kind securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed even though the Fund does not receive an interest payment in cash on the security during the year. In order to generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, an effected Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise would have continued to hold. An affected Fund may realize gains or losses from such sales. In the event the Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they would in the absence of such transactions. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain is attributable to the “accrued market discount” on such debt security. Market discount generally accrues in equal daily installments. A Fund may make certain elections applicable to debt obligations having market discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.

 

For financial accounting purposes, depending upon the type of instrument involved and its credit quality, both original issue discount and market discount may be recognized over the expected or contractual life of the instrument.   The 2017 Tax Act requires accrual-method taxpayers to recognize items of gross income for tax purposes no later than the year in which the taxpayer recognizes the income for financial accounting purposes The IRS has said that it will not apply this provision to require the recognition of accrued market discount. However, it is possible that regulations issued under the 2017 Tax Act will require the acceleration of recognition of original issue discount by the Fund for federal income tax purposes for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018.

 

High-Risk Securities

 

The Fund may invest in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for the Fund. The application of the U.S. federal income tax rules with respect to these types of investments is complicated and will depend upon the application of the law to facts that may be unclear, which may result in uncertainty about the U.S. federal income tax treatment of these investments (e.g., such as when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts, or worthless securities and how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income). These and other related issues will be addressed by the Fund if it invests in such securities in order to seek to ensure that the Fund distributes sufficient income to avoid becoming subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts

 

The Fund’s investments in REIT equity securities, if any, may result in the Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings. If the Fund receives such distributions all or a portion of these distributions will constitute a return of capital to the Fund. Receiving a return of capital distribution from a REIT will reduce the amount of income available to be distributed to Fund shareholders. Income from REIT securities generally will not be eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income.

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Under Code Section 199A, introduced by the 2017 Tax Act, a deduction of up to 20% is available for taxpayers other than corporations for qualified business income from certain pass-through businesses, including “qualified REIT dividends” from REITs (i.e., ordinary REIT dividends other than capital gains dividends and REIT dividends designated as qualified dividend income). Under proposed regulations—on which taxpayers may rely pending the issuance of final regulations—a regulated investment company may pay and report “section 199A dividends” to its shareholders with respect its qualified REIT dividends.  Under these proposed regulations, the amount of section 199A dividends that the Fund may pay and report to its shareholders is limited to the excess of the “qualified REIT dividends” that the Fund receives from REITs for a taxable year over the Fund’s expenses allocable to such dividends.  A shareholder may treat section 199A dividends received on a share of the Fund as “qualified REIT dividends” if the shareholder has held the share for more than 45 days during the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the date on which the share becomes ex-dividend, but only to the extent that the shareholder is not under an obligation (under a short-sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property.  A shareholder may include 20% of the shareholder's "qualified REIT dividends" in the computation of the shareholder’s  “combined qualified business income amount” under Code Section 199A. Code Section 199A allows a taxpayer (other than a corporation) a deduction for a taxable year equal to the lesser of (A) the taxpayer’s “combined qualified business income amount” or (B) 20% of the excess of the taxpayer’s taxable income over the taxpayer’s net capital gain for the year.

 

Tax-Exempt Shareholders

 

Under current law, the Fund serves to “block” (that is, prevent the attribution to shareholders of) unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Fund. For example, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Fund if either: (1) the Fund invests in REITs that hold residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”) or taxable mortgage pools (“TMPs”), in which event any related UBTI may not be offset by net operating losses; or (2) shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of section 514(b) of the Code. If a charitable remainder trust (as defined in section 664 of the Code) realizes any UBTI for a taxable year, it will be subject to an excise tax in the amount of such income. The Fund may invest in REITs that hold residual interests in REMICs or TMPs.

 

Investment in Wholly Owned Foreign Subsidiary

 

The Fund may invest a portion of its assets (but not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets as of the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year) in a wholly owned foreign subsidiary that will invest in certain types of commodity related investments (the “Subsidiary”). The Subsidiary was formed under the laws of the Cayman Islands and is classified as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. A foreign corporation, such as the Subsidiary, generally is not subject to U.S. federal income taxation unless it is deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business. It is expected that the Subsidiary will conduct its activities in a manner so as to meet the requirements of a safe harbor under section 864(b)(2) of the Code under which the Subsidiary may engage in trading in stocks or securities or certain commodities without being deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business. Thus, the Subsidiary’s commodities and securities trading activities, if any, should not constitute a U.S. trade or business. However, if the Subsidiary’s activities were determined not to be of the type described in the safe harbor, then the activities of the Subsidiary could constitute a U.S. trade or business and could be subject to U.S. federal income tax.

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In general, a foreign corporation, such as the Subsidiary, that does not conduct a U.S. trade or business is nonetheless subject to tax at a flat rate of 30% (or lower tax treaty rate), generally payable through withholding, on the gross amount of certain U.S.-source income that is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, subject to certain exemptions, including among others, exemptions for capital gains and portfolio interest. There is no tax treaty in force between the U.S. and the Cayman Islands that would reduce this rate of withholding tax. It is not expected that a material amount of the Subsidiary’s income will be subject to such withholding tax. In addition, the Subsidiary intends to properly certify its status as a non-U.S. person to each custodian and withholding agent to avoid the U.S. backup withholding requirements discussed below.

 

For federal income tax purposes, the Subsidiary will be treated as a controlled foreign corporation and the Fund will be treated as a “U.S. shareholder” of the Subsidiary. As a result, the Fund will be required to include in gross income for federal income tax purposes all of the Subsidiary’s “subpart F income” within the meaning of Section 952 of the Code whether or not such income is distributed by the Subsidiary. It is expected that all or substantially all of the Subsidiary’s income will be “subpart F income.” The Fund’s recognition of the Subsidiary’s “subpart F income” will increase the Fund’s basis in its shares of the Subsidiary. Distributions by the Subsidiary to the Fund will be tax-free, to the extent of its previously undistributed “subpart F income,” and will correspondingly reduce the Fund’s basis in its shares of the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary will, no less than annually, declare and distribute a dividend to the Fund, as the sole shareholder of the Subsidiary, in an amount approximately equal to the total amount of “subpart F income” generated by or expected to be generated by the Subsidiary’s investments during the fiscal year, and such dividend distributions are expected to be “qualifying income” under Section 851(b) of the Code. “Subpart F income” of the Subsidiary will generally be treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character of the Subsidiary’s underlying income and regardless of whether it is distributed currently to the Fund. If a net loss is realized by the Subsidiary, such loss is not generally available to offset other income earned by the Fund.

 

As noted above, to qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from certain specified sources. Income from direct investments in commodities and certain commodity-linked derivatives does not constitute qualifying income. Under Code Section 851(b), the Fund’s subpart F income from the Subsidiary should be qualifying regulated investment company income provided that the Subsidiary distributes such income to the Fund in the year in which it is earned or if the income is derived with respect to the regulated investment company’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, (whether or not currently distributed).. The treatment of income from the Subsidiary as “qualifying income” is not free from doubt under current law. There also can be no assurance that there will not be changes in tax or other federal law that might adversely affect the Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary. If the IRS takes action that adversely affects the tax treatment of income derived from the Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary, the Fund could fail to qualify as a regulated investment company. The Fund could also be limited in its ability to implement its current investment strategies and may need to significantly change its investment strategies, which could adversely affect the Fund. The Fund also may incur transaction and other costs to comply with any new or additional guidance from the IRS.

 

If any of the Subsidiary’s income were not “subpart F” income, it may constitute "global intangible low-tax income” (“GILTI”) which would pass-through to the Fund in a manner similar to subpart F income. The 2017 Tax Act introduced the rules that require the pass-through of GILTI to U.S. shareholders of controlled foreign corporations, and guidance regarding these rules is still incomplete. The Code provisions that impose the GILTI inclusions indicate that they will be treated in the same manner for purposes of Code Section 851(b) as subpart F inclusions, except as may be provided in future Treasury Regulations.

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Backup Withholding

 

The Fund generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any non-corporate shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number (“TIN”), who has under-reported dividend or interest income, and to any shareholder fails to certify to the Fund that it is not subject to such withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is currently 24% for tax years beginning before January 1, 2026.

 

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a shareholder generally may be refunded or credited against the shareholder’s federal income tax liability, if any, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.

 

Cost Basis Reporting

 

The fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to fund shareholders the cost basis information for fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012 (“covered shares”), and redeemed, exchanged or otherwise sold on or after that date. The Fund will also be required to report the cost basis information for such shares and indicate whether these shares had a short-term or long-term holding period. In the absence of an election by a shareholder to elect from certain cost basis methods which have been accepted by the IRS, the Fund will use its default cost basis method. The cost basis method elected or applied may not be changed after the settlement date of a sale of Fund shares. Once a Fund shareholder has elected a cost basis reporting method, the election will apply to all future transactions in covered shares unless the shareholder revokes or changes the standing election. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers concerning the most desirable IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the new cost basis reporting law applies to them. The Fund is required to report the gross proceeds from the sale of all Fund shares (whether or not they are “covered shares”).

 

You should consult with your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.

 

Surtax on Net Investment Income

 

A surtax of 3.8% applies to the “net investment income” of a non-corporate taxpayer and on the undistributed net investment income of certain estates and trusts, to the extent that such taxpayer’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a certain amount. Net investment income includes  interest, dividends, royalties, rents, gross income from a trade or business involving passive activities, and net gain from disposition of property (other than property held in a non-passive trade or business). Ordinary income and capital gain distributions received by a Fund shareholder from the Fund, as well as the shareholder’s net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares, will be included in the shareholder’s net investment income. Net investment income is reduced by deductions properly allocable to such income.

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Foreign Accounts

 

Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (or “FATCA”), foreign financial institutions as defined by FATCA (“FFIs”) or non-financial foreign entities as defined by FATCA (“NFFEs”) that are shareholders of the Fund may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on: (1) income dividends paid by the Fund, and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of a sale of Fund shares. The FATCA withholding tax generally may be avoided: (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by U.S. persons with the FFI, and (b) by an NFFE, if it: (i) certifies that is has no substantial U.S. persons as owners or (ii) if it does have such owners, reporting information relating to them to the withholding agent (which may be the Fund). The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements (each, an “IGA”) with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with other foreign countries with respect to one or more alternative approaches to implement FATCA. An entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of an IGA and applicable local law instead of U.S. Treasury regulations.

 

An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding by becoming a “participating FFI,” which requires the FFI to enter into a tax compliance agreement with the IRS under section 1471(b) of the Code under which it agrees to verify, report and disclose certain of its U.S. accountholders and provided that such entity meets certain other specified requirements. The FFI will report to the IRS, or, depending on the FFI’s country of residence, to the government of that country (pursuant to the terms and conditions of an applicable IGA and applicable law), which will, in turn, report to the IRS. An FFI that is resident in a country that has entered into an IGA with the U.S. to implement FATCA will be exempt from FATCA withholding provided that the FFI shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

 

An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from the Fund can avoid FATCA withholding generally by certifying that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or by providing the name, address and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner. The NFFE will report to the Fund or other applicable withholding agent, which will, in turn, report information to the IRS.

 

Such foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted or deemed compliant categories as established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in the Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA in order to avoid FATCA withholding. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the U.S. certification rules to avoid backup withholding described above.

 

2017 Tax Act

 

The 2017 Tax Act substantially altered the U.S. federal income tax rules for the taxation of individuals and corporations. Several provisions of the 2017 Tax Act are described in the relevant portions of this SAI. The 2017 Tax Act also makes numerous changes to the tax rules that do not affect regulated investment companies directly but may affect shareholders and may indirectly affect the Fund. Among many tax changes, the 2017 Tax Act changes marginal income tax rates applicable to individuals and other taxpayers. Most of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and will apply only to taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026. The 2017 Tax Act does not change the maximum federal income tax rates that apply to long-term capital gains recognized by noncorporate taxpayers, but it does alter the income thresholds at which such tax rates become applicable.

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The 2017 Tax Act also establishes a deduction of up to 20% for qualified business income received by noncorporate taxpayers from certain pass-through businesses, including publicly traded partnerships and REITS but generally not including regulated investment companies. Under proposed regulations, this deduction may be available for shareholders of regulated investment company (including the Fund) for certain qualified dividends that regulated investment company derive from REITs as discussed above under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Special Tax Considerations – Real Estate Investment Trusts.” The IRS is still considering whether to the deduction should be available for shareholders of regulated investment companies with regard to income that derived from publicly traded partnerships.

 

Other Tax Matters

 

Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisor to determine the suitability of shares of the Fund as an investment through such plans and the precise effect of an investment in the Fund would have on their particular tax situation.

 

The foregoing discussion relates solely to U.S. federal income tax law. Dividends and distributions also may be subject to state and local taxes. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding specific questions as to U.S. federal, state, local and, where applicable, foreign taxes. Foreign investors should consult their tax advisers concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of ownership of shares of the Fund, including the certification and filing requirements imposed on foreign investors in order to qualify for exemption from the backup withholding tax rates (or a reduced rate of withholding provided by treaty).

 

The foregoing is a general and abbreviated summary of the applicable provisions of the Code and related regulations currently in effect. For the complete provisions, reference should be made to the pertinent Code sections and regulations. The Code and regulations are subject to change by legislative or administrative actions.

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST

 

The Trust was organized as a Delaware business trust on November 30, 1993 and consists of multiple separate portfolios or series. The Board may establish additional series in the future. The capitalization of the Trust consists solely of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest with no par value.

 

The Trust consists of multiple separate portfolios or funds. When certain matters affect one fund but not another, the shareholders would vote as a fund regarding such matters. Subject to the foregoing, on any matter submitted to a vote of shareholders, all shares then entitled to vote will be voted separately by the fund unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act, in which case all shares will be voted in the aggregate. For example, a change in a fund’s fundamental investment policies would be voted upon only by shareholders of the fund. Additionally, approval of the Investment Advisory Contract is a matter to be determined separately by each fund.

 

Approval by the shareholders of one fund is effective as to that fund whether or not sufficient votes are received from the shareholders of the other fund to approve the proposal as to that fund. The term “majority,” when referring to approvals to be obtained from shareholders of a fund means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the fund or class represented at a meeting if the holder of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the fund or class are present in person or by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the fund. The term “majority,” when referring to the approvals to be obtained from shareholders of the Trust as a whole means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the Trust’s shares represented at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding shares are present in person or proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding shares. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held and fractional votes for fractional shares held.

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The Trust is not required to hold regular annual meetings of a fund’s shareholders and does not intend to do so. However, the Trust undertakes to hold a special meeting of its shareholders if the purpose of voting on the question of removal of a director or trustees is requested in writing by the holders of at least 10% of the Trust’s outstanding voting securities, and to assist in communicating with other shareholders as required by Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act. The Trust Instrument provides that the holders of not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust may remove a person serving as Trustee either by declaration in writing or at a meeting called for such purpose.

 

Each share of the Fund represents an equal proportional interest in the Fund with each other share and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income earned on the assets belonging to the fund as are declared in the discretion of the Trustees. In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of the Trust, shareholders of each fund are entitled to receive the assets attributable to such Fund that are available for distribution, and a distribution of any general assets of the Trust not attributable to a particular Fund that are available for distribution in such manner and on such basis as the Trustees in their sole discretion may determine.

 

Shareholders are not entitled to any preemptive rights. All shares, when issued, will be fully paid and non-assessable by the Trust.

 

Under Delaware law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of a series of the Trust but only to the extent of the shareholder’s investment in such series. However, the Trust Instrument disclaims liability of the shareholders, Trustees or Officers of the Trust for acts or obligations of the Trust, which are binding only on the assets and property of each series of the Trust and requires that notice of the disclaimer be given in each contract or obligations entered into or executed by the Trust or the Trustees. The risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Trust itself would be unable to meet its obligations and should be considered remote and is limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment in the Fund.

 

OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND

 

Custodian.  MUFG Union Bank, National Association (the “Custodian”), located at 350 California Street, 6th Floor, San Francisco, California  94104, serves as the custodian for the Fund as well as for the Subsidiary.  As such, the Custodian holds in safekeeping certificated securities and cash belonging to the Fund and, in such capacity, is the registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to the Fund. Upon instruction, the Custodian receives and delivers cash and securities of the Fund or of the Subsidiary, as applicable, in connection with transactions and collects all dividends and other distributions made with respect to portfolio securities. The Custodian also maintains certain accounts and records of the Fund and of the Subsidiary.

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Transfer Agent. ALPS, pursuant to a Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, serves as transfer agent for the Fund.  As Transfer Agent, ALPS has, among other things, agreed to (i) issue and redeem shares of the Fund; (ii) make dividend and other distributions to shareholders of the Fund; (iii) effect transfers of shares; (iv) mail communications to shareholders of the Fund, including account statements, confirmations, and dividend and distribution notices; (v) facilitate the electronic delivery of shareholder statements and reports and (vi) maintain shareholder accounts.  Under the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, ALPS receives from the Trust an annual minimum fee and a fee based upon the number of shareholder accounts and is also reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses. As described above, ALPS is an affiliate of ADI.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Deloitte & Touche LLP (“Deloitte”) serves as the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm. Deloitte is located at 1601 Wewatta Street, Suite 400, Denver, Colorado 80202.

 

Counsel. Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP serves as counsel to the Fund and is located at 1550 17th Street, Suite 500, Denver, Colorado 80202.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

 

Yield and Total Return. The Fund may from time to time include the yield and/or total return of its shares in advertisements or information in advertisements or information furnished to present or prospective shareholders.

 

The Fund’s yield will vary from time to time depending upon market conditions, the composition of its portfolios and operating expenses of the Trust allocated to the Fund. These factors, possible differences in the methods used in calculating yield, and the tax exempt status of distributions, should be considered when comparing the Fund’s yield to yields published for other investment companies and other investment vehicles. Yield should also be considered relative to changes in the value of the Fund’s shares and to the relative risks associated with the investment objectives and policies of the Fund.

 

At any time in the future, yields and total return may be higher or lower than past yields and there can be no assurance that any historical results will continue.

 

Investors in the Fund are specifically advised that share prices, expressed as the net asset value per share, will vary just as yield will vary. An investor’s focus on the yield of the Fund to the exclusion of the consideration of the share price of that Fund may result in the investor’s misunderstanding the total return he or she may derive from the Fund.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The financial statements and financial highlights in the April 30, 2019 Annual Report (the “Annual Report”) of the Fund are incorporated in this SAI by reference.  The financial statements and financial highlights in the Annual Report have been audited by Deloitte, whose report thereon appears in the Annual Report.  You can obtain additional copies of such Annual Report at no charge by writing or telephoning the Fund at the address or number on the front page of this SAI.

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APPENDIX A

 

DESCRIPTION OF securities RATINGS

 

The Fund may make use of average portfolio credit quality standards to assist institutional investors whose own investment guidelines limit their investments accordingly. In determining the Fund’s overall dollar-weighted average quality, unrated securities are treated as if rated, based on the adviser’s view of their comparability to rated securities. The Fund’s use of average quality criteria is intended to be a guide for those investors whose investment guidelines require that assets be invested according to comparable criteria. Reference to an overall average quality rating for the Fund does not mean that all securities held by the Fund will be rated in that category or higher. The Fund’s investments may range in quality from securities rated in the lowest category in which the Fund is permitted to invest to securities rated in the highest category (as rated by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch or, if unrated, determined by the adviser to be of comparable quality). The percentage of the Fund’s assets invested in securities in a particular rating category will vary. Following is a description of Moody’s, S&P’s and Fitch’s ratings applicable to fixed-income securities.

 

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.

 

Corporate and Municipal Bond Ratings

 

Aaa: Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edge.” Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.

 

Aa: Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present that make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than with Aaa securities.

 

A: Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper-medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present that suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.

 

Baa: Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations (i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured), interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.

 

Ba: Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well-assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.

A-1

 

B: Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of a desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.

 

Caa: Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.

 

Ca: Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.

 

C: Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.

 

Moody’s bond ratings, where specified, are applicable to financial contracts, senior bank obligations and insurance company senior policyholder and claims obligations with an original maturity in excess of one year. Obligations relying upon support mechanisms such as letter-of-credit and bonds of indemnity are excluded unless explicitly rated. Obligations of a branch of a bank are considered to be domiciled in the country in which the branch is located.

 

Unless noted as an exception, Moody’s rating on a bank’s ability to repay senior obligations extends only to branches located in countries which carry a Moody’s Sovereign Rating for Bank Deposits. Such branch obligations are rated at the lower of the bank’s rating or Moody’s Sovereign Rating for the Bank Deposits for the country in which the branch is located. When the currency in which an obligation is denominated is not the same as the currency of the country in which the obligation is domiciled, Moody’s ratings do not incorporate an opinion as to whether payment of the obligation will be affected by the actions of the government controlling the currency of denomination. In addition, risk associated with bilateral conflicts between an investor’s home country and cither the issuer’s home country or the country where an issuer branch is located are not incorporated into Moody’s ratings.

 

Moody’s makes no representation that rated bank obligations or insurance company obligations are exempt from registration under the Securities Act or issued in conformity with any other applicable law or regulation. Nor does Moody’s represent that any specific bank or insurance company obligation is legally enforceable or a valid senior obligation of a rated issuer.

 

Moody’s applies numerical modifiers, 1,2, and 3 in each generic rating classified from Aa through Caa in its corporate bond rating system. The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.

 

Corporate Short-Term Debt Ratings

 

Moody’s short-term debt ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to repay punctually senior debt obligations. These obligations have an original maturity not exceeding one year, unless explicitly noted.

 

Moody’s employs the following three designations, all judged to be investment-grade, to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:

A-2

 

PRIME-1: Issuers rated Prime-1 (or supporting institutions) have a superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. Prime-1 repayment ability will often be evidenced by many of the following characteristics: leading market positions in well-established industries; high rates of return on funds employed: conservative capitalization structure with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection; broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation; and well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity.

 

PRIME-2: Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, may be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.

 

PRIME-3: Issuers rated Prime-3 (or supporting institutions) have an acceptable ability for repayment of senior short-term obligations. The effect of industry characteristics and market compositions may be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and may require relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.

 

NOT PRIME: Issuers rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

 

Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services

 

Issue Credit Rating Definitions

 

A Standard & Poor’s issue credit rating is a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The issue credit rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold a financial obligation, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor.

 

Issue credit ratings are based on current information furnished by the obligors or obtained by Standard & Poor’s from other sources it considers reliable. Standard & Poor’s does not perform an audit in connection with any credit rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. Credit ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information, or based on other circumstances.

 

Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days, including commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. The result is a dual rating, in which the short-term rating addresses the put feature, in addition to the usual long-term rating. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.

 

Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations: likelihood of payment - capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation: nature of and provisions of the obligation; protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.

A-3

 

The issue rating definitions are expressed in terms of default risk. As such, they pertain to senior obligations of an entity. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation applies when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.) Accordingly, in the case of junior debt the rating may not conform exactly with the category definition.

 

Corporate and Municipal Bond Ratings

 

Investment-grade

 

AAA: An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

AA: An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest rated obligations only in small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

 

A: An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

 

BBB: An obligation rated ‘BBS’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

Speculative Grade

 

Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’ and ‘C’ are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

 

BB: An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B: An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

CCC: An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

A-4

 

CC: An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

 

C: A subordinated debt or preferred stock obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘C’ rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued. A ‘C’ also will be assigned to a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments, but that is currently paying.

 

D: An obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

 

Plus (+) or Minus (–): The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

 

Provisional ratings: The letter “p” indicates that the rating is provisional. A provisional rating assumes the successful completion of the project being financed by the debt being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely or entirely dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the project. This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the project, makes no comment on the likelihood of, or the risk of default upon failure of, such completion. The investor should exercise his own judgment with respect to such likelihood and risk.

 

r: This symbol is attached to the ratings of instruments with significant noncredit risks. It highlights risks to principal or volatility of expected returns which are not addressed in the credit rating. Examples include: obligations linked or indexed to equities, currencies, or commodities; obligations exposed to severe prepayment risk - such as interest-only or principal-only mortgage securities; and obligations with unusually risky interest terms, such as inverse floaters.

 

The absence of an “r” symbol should not be taken as an indication that an obligation will exhibit no volatility or variability in total return.

 

N.R.: This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

 

Debt obligations of issuers outside the United States and its territories are rated on the same basis as domestic corporate and municipal issues. The ratings measure the creditworthiness of the obligor but do not take into account currency exchange and related uncertainties.

 

Commercial Paper Rating Definitions

 

A Standard & Poor’s commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of debt having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from A for the highest quality obligations to D for the lowest. These categories are as follows:

 

A-1: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

A-5

 

A-2: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

 

A-3: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B: A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

C: A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

D: A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

 

A commercial paper rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a security inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor. The ratings are based on current information furnished to Standard & Poor’s by the issuer or obtained from other sources it considers reliable. Standard & Poor’s does not perform an audit in connection with any rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in or unavailability of such information.

 

Fitch Investor Services, Inc

 

Credit Ratings

 

Fitch’s credit ratings provide an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving their money back in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitch’s credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign (including supranational and sub-national), financial, bank, insurance, municipal and other public finance entities and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.

 

The use of credit ratings defines their function: “investment grade” ratings (international Long-term ‘AAA’ to ‘BBB-’ categories; Short-term ‘F1’ to ‘F3’) indicate relatively low to moderate credit risk, while those in the “speculative” or “non investment grade” categories (international Long-term ‘BB+’ to ‘D’; Short-term ‘B’ to ‘D’) either signal a higher level of credit risk or that a default has already occurred. Credit ratings express risk in relative rank order, which is to say they are ordinal measures of credit risk and are not predictive of a specific frequency of default or loss.

A-6

 

Depending on their application, credit ratings address benchmark measures of probability of default as well relative expectations of loss given default. For example, issuers are typically assigned Issuer Default Ratings that are relative measures of default probability. Similarly, short-term credit ratings give primary consideration to the likelihood that obligations will be met on a timely basis. Securities, however, are rated taking into consideration probability of default and loss given default. As a result, for entities such as corporations security ratings may be rated higher, lower or the same as the issuer rating to reflect expectations of the security’s relative recovery prospects, as well as differences in ability and willingness to pay. While recovery analysis plays an important role throughout the ratings scale, it becomes a more critical consideration for below investment-grade securities and obligations, particularly at the lower end of the non-investment-grade ratings scale where Fitch often publishes actual Recovery Ratings, that are complementary to the credit ratings.

 

Structured finance ratings typically are assigned to each individual security or tranche in a transaction, and not to an issuer. Each structured finance tranche is rated on the basis of various stress scenarios in combination with its relative seniority, prioritization of cash flows and other structural mechanisms.

 

International Long-Term Credit Ratings

 

International Long-Term Credit Ratings (LTCR) may also be referred to as Long-Term Ratings. When assigned to most issuers, it is used as a benchmark measure of probability of default and is formally described as an Issuer Default Rating (IDR). The major exception is within Public Finance, where IDRs will not be assigned as market convention has always focused on timeliness and does not draw analytical distinctions between issuers and their underlying obligations. When applied to issues or securities, the LTCR may be higher or lower than the issuer rating (IDR) to reflect relative differences in recovery expectations.

 

The following rating scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings:

 

Investment Grade

 

AAA

 

Highest credit quality. ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

 

AA

 

Very high credit quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

 

A

 

High credit quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

A-7

 

BBB

 

Good credit quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that there is currently expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment grade category.

 

Speculative Grade

 

BB

 

Speculative

 

‘BB’ ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this category are not investment grade.

 

B

 

Highly speculative

 

For issuers and performing obligations, ‘B’ ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

 

For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for extremely high recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘R1’ (outstanding).

 

CCC

 

For issuers and performing obligations, default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic conditions.

 

For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for average to superior levels of recovery. Differences in credit quality may be denoted by plus/minus distinctions. Such obligations typically would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘R2’ (superior), or ‘R3’ (good) or ‘R4’ (average).

 

CC

 

For issuers and performing obligations, default of some kind appears probable.

 

For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with a Recovery Rating of ‘R4’ (average) or ‘R5’ (below average).

 

C

 

For issuers and performing obligations, default is imminent.

 

For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for below-average to poor recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘R6’ (poor).

 

RD

 

Indicates an entity that has failed to make due payments (within the applicable grace period) on some but not all material financial obligations, but continues to honor other classes of obligations.

A-8

 

D

 

Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations. Default generally is defined as one of the following:

 

failure of an obligor to make timely payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of any financial obligation;

 

the bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of business of an obligor; or

 

the distressed or other coercive exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation.

 

Default ratings are not assigned prospectively; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period.

 

Issuers will be rated ‘D’ upon a default. Defaulted and distressed obligations typically are rated along the continuum of ‘C’ to ‘B’ ratings categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Additionally, in structured finance transactions, where analysis indicates that an instrument is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to meet pay interest and or principal in full in accordance with the terms of the obligation’s documentation during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default in accordance with the terms of the documentation is imminent, the obligation may be rated in the ‘B’ or ‘CCC-C’ categories.

 

Default is determined by reference to the terms of the obligations’ documentation. Fitch will assign default ratings where it has reasonably determined that payment has not been made on a material obligation in accordance with the requirements of the obligation’s documentation, or where it believes that default ratings consistent with Fitch’s published definition of default are the most appropriate ratings to assign.

 

International Short-Term Credit Ratings

 

The following ratings scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings. A Short-term rating has a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for US public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner.

 

F1

 

Highest credit quality. Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

 

F2

 

Good credit quality. A satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.

A-9

 

F3

 

Fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non investment grade.

 

B

 

Speculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

 

C

 

High default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

 

RD

 

Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other obligations.

 

D

 

Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.

 

Notes to International Long-Term and Short-Term ratings:

 

The modifiers “+” or “–” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ Long-term rating category, to categories below ‘CCC’ or to Short-term ratings other than ‘Fl’. (The +/– modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.)

 

Rating Watch: Ratings are placed on Rating Watch to notify investors that there is a reasonable probability of a rating change and the likely direction of such change. These are designated as “Positive,” indicating a potential upgrade, “Negative,” for a potential downgrade, or “Evolving,” if ratings may be raised, lowered or maintained. Rating Watch is typically resolved over a relatively short period.

 

Rating Outlook: An Outlook indicates the direction a rating is likely to move over a one to two-year period. Outlooks may be positive, stable or negative. A positive or negative Rating Outlook does not imply a rating change is inevitable. Similarly, ratings for which outlooks are “stable” could be upgraded or downgraded before an outlook moves to positive or negative if circumstances warrant such an action. Occasionally, Fitch Ratings may be unable to identify the fundamental trend. In these cases, the Rating Outlook may be described as evolving.

 

Program ratings (such as the those assigned to MTN shelf registrations) relate only to standard issues made under the program concerned: it should not be assumed that these ratings apply to every issue made under the program. In particular, in the case of non-standard issues, i.e. those that are linked to the credit of a third party or linked to the performance of an index, ratings of these issues may deviate from the applicable program rating.

 

Variable rate demand obligations and other securities which contain a short-term “put” or other similar demand feature will have a dual rating, such as AAA/F1+. The first rating reflects the ability to meet long-term principal and interest payments, whereas the second rating reflects the ability to honor the demand feature in full and on time.

A-10

 

Interest Only

 

Interest Only ratings are assigned to interest strips. These ratings do not address the possibility that a security holder might fail to recover some or all of its initial investment due to voluntary or involuntary principal repayments.

 

Principal Only

 

Principal Only ratings address the likelihood that a security holder will receive their initial principal investment either before or by the scheduled maturity date.

 

Rate of Return

 

Ratings also may be assigned to gauge the likelihood of an investor receiving a certain predetermined internal rate of return without regard to the precise timing of any cash flows.

 

‘PIF’

 

Paid-in-Full: denotes a security that is paid-in-full, matured, called, or refinanced.

 

‘NR’ indicates that Fitch Ratings does not rate the issuer or issue in question.

 

‘Withdrawn’: A rating is withdrawn when Fitch Ratings deems the amount of information available to be inadequate for rating purposes, or when an obligation matures, is called, or refinanced, or for any other reason Fitch Ratings deems sufficient.

A-11

 

APPENDIX B

 

Proxy Voting Policy, Procedures and Guidelines

 

The Fund has delegated the voting of portfolio securities to the Adviser on behalf of the Fund. The Adviser has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures in connection with determining how to vote proxies related to portfolio securities, including the procedures to be used if a vote presents a conflict of interest between the interest of the Fund’s shareholders and those of the Adviser.

 

If the Fund purchases securities issued by another investment company, the Fund intends to vote the shares held by it in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of the securities (echo voting).

B-12

 

CHATHAM ASSET MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

PROXY VOTING AND CLASS ACTIONS

 

Law

 

In Proxy Voting by Investment Advisers, Investment Advisers Act Release No. 2106 (January 31, 2003), the SEC noted that, “The Federal Securities Laws do not specifically address how an adviser must exercise its proxy voting authority for its clients. Under the Advisers Act, however, an adviser is a fiduciary that owes each of its clients a duty of care and loyalty with respect to all services undertaken on the client’s behalf, including proxy voting. The duty of care requires an adviser with proxy voting authority to monitor corporate events and to vote the proxies.”

 

Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act requires each registered investment adviser that exercises proxy voting authority with respect to client securities to:

 

Adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that the adviser votes client securities in the clients’ best interests. Such policies and procedures must address the manner in which the adviser will resolve material conflicts of interest that can arise during the proxy voting process;

 

Disclose to clients how they may obtain information from the adviser about how the adviser voted with respect to their securities; and

 

Describe to clients the adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures and, upon request, furnish a copy of the policies and procedures.

 

Additionally, paragraph (c)(2) of Rule 204-2 imposes additional recordkeeping requirements on investment advisers that execute proxy voting authority, as described in the Recordkeeping section of this Manual.

 

The Advisers Act lacks specific guidance regarding an adviser’s duty to direct clients’ participation in class actions. However, many investment advisers adopt policies and procedures regarding class actions.

 

Policy

 

The Chatham Asset Management, LLC (the “Firm”) believes that proxy voting is a low risk area because the Firm manages portfolios which consist of debt or loans.

B-13

 

Conflicts of Interest. The Firm must act as a fiduciary when voting proxies on behalf of its Clients. In that regard, the Firm will seek to avoid possible conflict of interest in connection with proxy voting. However, because the Firm primarily trades debt rather than individual stocks, the likelihood of there being any conflicts between the Firm's interests and that of its Clients is remote.

 

Disclosure of Policies and Procedures. The Firm includes a description of its policies and procedures regarding proxy voting and class actions in Part 2 of Form ADV. The Firm will also provide a summary of these policies and procedures to any Client upon request. In addition, the Firm will inform its Clients how they can obtain further proxy voting information about their own proxies.

 

Disclosure of Voting Record. Upon a request from an Investor, the Firm will furnish to such Investor its proxy voting record with respect to the Fund’s securities.

 

As a matter of policy, the Firm does not disclose how it expects to vote on upcoming proxies. Additionally, the Firm does not disclose the way it voted proxies to unaffiliated third parties without a legitimate need to know such information.

 

ERISA Considerations. ERISA prohibits fiduciaries from acting on behalf of a plan in situations in which the fiduciary is subject to a conflict of interest. Thus, if the Firm determines that it has a conflict of interest with respect to the voting of proxies, the Firm must either seek the Client’s informed direction or retain an independent person to direct the Firm how to vote the proxy in the best interests of the ERISA account.

 

Procedures

 

Proxy Voting.

 

For securities other than bank loans: The operations team receives notifications of any proxy voting from the prime broker (either by email notification or the prime broker's web site). The information to be voted on is relayed to the portfolio managers and the appropriate sector analyst. The back office will be instructed how to vote and will communicate those instructions to the prime broker via their web site.

 

For bank loans: The Firm has notified all of its trading counterparties that it would like to remain on the public side for loan information. Accordingly, to ensure that an adequate "Chinese Wall" is in place, the operations team receives notices of any proposed amendments for bank loans and will respond to the amendment.

 

Voting Decisions. The portfolio managers and analysts have responsibility for reviewing proxy materials and corporate actions and deciding how to vote on each issue or initiative for the securities traded.

B-14

 

The Firm has adopted the following proxy voting procedures designed to ensure that proxies are properly identified and voted, and that any conflicts of interest are addressed appropriately:

 

Absent specific Client instructions, the operations teams votes Client proxies according to recommendations made by portfolio managers and analysts. Any other deviations from these recommendations must be approved in writing by the COO/CCO.

 

The Firm will typically vote in accordance with the recommendation of the issuer's management for routine matters. Routine matters are typically proposed by the management, directors, general partners, managing members or trustees (collectively, the “Issuer’s Management") of an issuer or company and meet the following criteria: (i) they do not measurably change the structure, management, control, or operation of the company; (ii) they do not measurably change the terms of, or fees or expenses associated with, an investment in the company; and (iii) they are consistent with customary industry standards and practices, as well as the laws of the state of incorporation applicable to the company.

 

For non-routine matters, the Firm's portfolio managers and analysts will review proxy proposals on a case-by-case basis to determine an appropriate course of action. Non- routine matters involve a variety of issues and may be proposed by an Issuer's Management or beneficial owners including the shareholders, members, partners, etc. These proxies may involve one or more of the following: (i) a measurable change in the structure, management, control or operation of the company; (ii) a measurable change in the terms of, or fees or expenses associated with, an investment in the company; or (iii) a change that is inconsistent with industry standards and/or the laws of the state of incorporation applicable to the company.

 

The Firm will vote against management if the Firm finds that, for a particular security, management’s position on resolutions cannot consistently be supported, the Firm shall review the quality of management and the projected future of the corporation to determine whether the Firm should sell their interest in such company, or seek a change in management.

 

Any attempt to influence the proxy voting process by issuers or others not identified in these policies and procedures should be promptly reported to the COO/CCO. Similarly, any Client’s attempt to influence proxy voting with respect to other Clients’ securities should be promptly reported to the COO/CCO.

 

Proxies received after a Client terminates its advisory relationship with the Firm will not be voted. The COO/CCO will promptly return such proxies to the sender, along with a statement indicating that the Firm’s advisory relationship with the Client has terminated, and that future proxies should not be sent to the Firm.

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Recusal from Voting. The Firm will not neglect its proxy voting responsibilities, but the Firm may abstain from voting if it deems that abstinence is in its Clients’ best interests. For example, the Firm may be unable to vote securities that have been lent by the custodian. In addition, any Employee who has a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in any issue presented for voting, or any relationship with the issuer, must so inform the COO/CCO and recuse him or herself from decisions on how proxies with respect to that issuer are voted.

 

Conflicts of Interest. Employees must notify the COO/CCO if they are aware of any material conflict of interest associated with a proxy vote. The COO/CCO will review all potential conflicts of interests and determine whether such potential conflict is material. Where the COO/CCO determines there is a potential for a material conflict of interest regarding a proxy, the COO/CCO will consult with the portfolio managers and a determination will be made as to whether one or more of the following steps will be taken: (i) inform Clients of the material conflict and the Firm’s voting decision; (ii) discuss the proxy vote with Clients; (iii) fully disclose the material facts regarding the conflict and seek the Clients’ consent to vote the proxy as intended; and/or (iv) seek the recommendations of an independent third party. The COO/CCO will document the steps taken to evidence that the proxy vote or abstention was in the best interest of Clients and not the product of any material conflict. Such documentation will be maintained in accordance with required recordkeeping procedures.

 

Records to be Maintained. Paragraph (c)(ii) of Rule 204-2 under the Advisers Act requires the Firm to maintain certain books and records associated with its proxy voting policies and procedures. The COO/CCO will ensure that the Firm maintains the following records with respect to proxies: (i) proxy statements received regarding Client securities; (ii) records of votes cast on behalf of a Client, including each security to which votes were cast, the number of shares voted and how they were voted on each issue; (iii) written records of requests by Clients for proxy voting information; (iv) written responses to any written or oral requests, and (v) any documents prepared by the Firm that were material to how a proxy was voted or that memorialized the basis for the voting decision.

 

Class Actions. As a fiduciary, the Firm always seeks to act in Clients’ best interests with good faith, loyalty, and due care. The portfolio managers will determine whether Clients will (a) participate in a recovery achieved through class actions, or (b) opt out of the class action and separately pursue their own remedy. The COO/CCO or his designee oversees the completion of Proof of Claim forms and any associated documentation, the submission of such documents to the claim administrator, and the receipt of any recovered monies. The Firm will maintain documentation associated with Clients’ participation in class actions.

B-16

 

Employees must notify the COO/CCO if they are aware of any material conflict of interest associated with Clients’ participation in class actions.

 

The Firm generally does not serve as the lead plaintiff in class actions because the costs of such participation typically exceed any extra benefits that accrue to lead plaintiffs.

 

Disclosure of Policies and Procedures. The COO/CCO will provide a summary of these policies and procedures in its Form ADV, Part 2 to be furnished to Investors. The COO/CCO will further provide a copy of these policies and procedures to any Investors upon request.

 

Record of Votes Cast. The COO/CCO or his designee creates a spreadsheet showing each security with respect to which votes were cast, the number of shares voted and how they were voted on each issue. The spreadsheet is maintained and updated to show such information for each proxy received throughout the year.

B-17

 

PARAMETRIC PORTFOLIO ASSOCIATES LLC

 

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

 

Last Updated February 1, 2018
Applicable Regulatory Requirement Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act
Related Policies N/A
Business Group Owners

Operations 

Proxy Voting Committee 

Corporate Governance Committee 

 

Policy

 

Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC (“Parametric”) has adopted and implemented these policies and procedures which it believes are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interests of clients, in accordance with its fiduciary obligations and applicable regulatory requirements. When it has been delegated the responsibility to vote proxies on behalf a client, Parametric will generally vote them in accordance with its Proxy Voting Guidelines, attached hereto as Exhibit A. The Proxy Voting Guidelines are set and annually reviewed by the firm’s Corporate Governance Committee. Parametric will consider potential conflicts of interest when voting proxies and disclose material conflicts to clients. Parametric will promptly provide these policies and procedures, as well as proxy voting records, to its clients upon request. As required, Parametric will retain appropriate proxy voting books and records. In the event that Parametric engages a third party service provider to administer and vote proxies or provide other proxy voting services on behalf a client, it will evaluate the service provider’s conflicts of interest procedures and confirm its abilities to vote proxies in the client’s best interest.

 

Regulatory Requirements

 

Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act requires that an investment adviser that exercises voting authority over client proxies to adopt and implement policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that the adviser votes proxies in the best interest of the client. The rule specifically requires that the policies and procedures describe how the adviser addresses material conflicts of interest with respect to proxy voting. The rule also requires an adviser to disclose to its clients information about those policies and procedures, and how the client may obtain information on how the adviser has voted the client’s proxies. In addition, Rule 204-2 under the Act requires an adviser to retain certain records related to proxy voting.

 

Responsibility

 

The Manager, Investment Operations (the “Manager”) is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the firm’s proxy voting practices. One or more Operations personnel (each a “Proxy Voting Coordinator”) are responsible for ensuring proxy ballots are received and voted in accordance with the firm’s Proxy Voting Guidelines. The Director of Responsible Investing is responsible for providing guidance with regard to the Proxy Voting Guidelines. The Proxy Voting Committee is responsible for monitoring Parametric’s proxy voting practices and evaluating any service providers engaged to vote proxies on behalf of clients. The Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for setting and annually reviewing the firm’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures and Proxy Voting Guidelines. The Compliance Department is responsible for annually reviewing these policies and procedures to verify that they are adequate, appropriate and effective.

B-18

 

Procedures

 

Parametric has adopted and implemented procedures to ensure the firm’s proxy voting policies are observed, executed properly and amended or updated, as appropriate. The procedures are summarized as follows:

 

New Accounts

 

Parametric is generally delegated the responsibility to vote proxies on behalf of clients. (The Minneapolis and Westport Investment Centers, which manage overlay and options-based strategies, generally do not vote proxies on behalf of their clients but may be required to do so, from time to time.) This responsibility is typically established in the investment advisory agreement between the client and Parametric. If not set forth in the advisory agreement, Parametric will assume the responsibility to vote proxies on the client’s behalf unless it has received written instruction from the client not to.

 

When a new client account is established, Parametric will instruct the client’s custodian to forward all proxy materials to Broadridge Financial Solutions (Broadridge) or Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS), proxy voting service providers engaged by Parametric to administer proxy voting.

 

On a monthly basis, Operations performs a reconciliation to ensure that Broadridge or ISS are receiving proxies for all client accounts for which Parametric is responsible for voting client proxies.

 

Proxy Voting Administration – Seattle Investment Center

 

Parametric’s proxy voting is administered on a daily basis by the Proxy Voting Coordinator, who is a member of Parametric’s Operations Department. The Coordinator is responsible for ensuring proxies are voted in accordance with Parametric’s Proxy Voting Guidelines or other specified guidelines set and provided by a client.

 

The Director of Responsible Investing will actively review research and guidance issued by third party proxy voting analysts regarding proxy voting issues relevant to Parametric’s clients and monitor upcoming shareholder meetings and votes. The Director will provide guidance to the Manager and Proxy Voting Coordinators with regard to the Proxy Voting Guidelines and how they apply to proxy ballots. The Director will ensure that rationale for votes cast is properly documented and reviewed by other Committee members, as warranted.

 

Parametric utilizes the Broadridge ProxyEdge and ISS ProxyExchange tools to manage, track, reconcile and report proxy voting. Parametric relies on these applications to ensure that all proxies are received and voted in timely manner.

 

In the unlikely event that a ballot proposal is not addressed by the Proxy Voting Guidelines, the Proxy Voting Coordinator will consult with the Manager to confirm that the Proxy Voting Guidelines do not address the proxy issue. If confirmed, the Manager will refer the proposal to the Proxy Voting Committee for their consideration. The Proxy Voting Committee may review research and guidance issued by third party proxy voting service providers when making a vote determination. A vote determination must be approved in writing by not less than two Committee members before Operations may vote the ballot item. The rationale for making the determination will be documented by the Committee.

B-19

 

The Proxy Voting Coordinator may abstain from voting a proxy on behalf of a client account if the economic effect on shareholders’ interests or the value of the holding is indeterminable or insignificant (e.g., the security is no longer held in the client portfolio) or if the cost of voting the proxy outweighs the potential benefit (e.g., international proxies which share blocking practices may impose trading restrictions).

 

A secondary review of proxy votes submitted by the Proxy Voting Coordinator is performed by the Manager or his/her delegate on a regular basis, to verify that Parametric has voted all proxies and voted them consistent with the appropriate proxy voting guidelines.

 

Proxy Voting Administration – Minneapolis Investment Center

From time to time, the Minneapolis Investment Center may be required to vote a proxy ballot on behalf of a client. Proxy ballots mailed to the Minneapolis Investment Center or sent directly to Broadridge are logged into ProxyEdge. The Minneapolis Operations Team is responsible for monitoring proxy ballots received. The Minneapolis Operations Team will request and receive instruction from the Proxy Voting Coordinator or Manager as how to vote the ballot in accordance with the firm’s Proxy Voting Guidelines.

 

Proxy Voting Committee

Parametric has established a Proxy Voting Committee (the “Committee”), which shall meet on a quarterly basis to oversee and monitor the firm’s proxy voting practices. The Committee’s charter is attached hereto as Exhibit B.

 

The Committee will consider requests (from clients or Portfolio Managers) to vote a proxy contrary to the firm’s Proxy Voting Guidelines. The Committee will document its rationale for approving or denying the request.

 

On an annual basis, the Committee will review the firm’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures and Proxy Voting Guidelines to ensure they are current, appropriate and designed to serve the best interests of clients and fund shareholders and recommend any changes to the Corporate Governance Committee.

 

In the event that Parametric deems it to be in a client’s best interest to engage a third party proxy voting service provider, the Committee will exercise due diligence to ensure that the service provider firm can provide objective research, make recommendations or vote proxies in an impartial manner and in the best interest of the client. This evaluation will consider the proxy voting firm’s business and conflict of interest procedures, and confirm that the procedures address the firm’s conflicts. On an annual basis, the Committee will evaluate the performance of any third-party proxy voting firms and reconsider if changes have impacted their conflict of interest procedures. Initial and ongoing due diligence evaluations shall be documented in writing.

 

Conflicts of interest

 

Using the criteria set by the Proxy Voting Committee the Compliance Department will identify and actively monitor potential conflicts of interest which may compromise the firm’s ability to vote a proxy ballot in the best interest of clients. Compliance will maintain a List of Potentially Conflicted Companies and provide it to Operations whenever it is updated. The list shall identify potential conflicts resulting from business relationships with clients, potential clients, service providers, and the firm’s affiliates.

B-20

 

All proxies are voted by Parametric in accordance with the firm’s Proxy Voting Guidelines. If a proxy ballot is received from an issuer on the List of Conflicted Companies and a proposal is not addressed by the Proxy Voting Guidelines, the Voting Coordinator will forward the proposal to the Manager to confirm that the guidelines do not address the proposal. If confirmed, the Manager will forward the proposal to the Proxy Voting Committee.

 

If the Proxy Voting Committee determines a material conflict exists, Parametric will refrain from voting the proxy until it has disclosed the conflict to clients and obtained their consent or instruction as how to vote the proxy. Parametric shall provide all necessary information to clients when seeking their instruction and/or consent in voting the proxy.

 

If a client is unresponsive and fails to provide Parametric with instruction or consent to vote the proxy, the Proxy Voting Committee shall make a good faith determination as how to vote the proxy (which may include abstaining from voting the proxy) and provide appropriate instruction to the Proxy Voting Coordinator. The Committee shall document the rationale for making its final determination.

 

Proxy Voting Disclosure Responsibilities

 

As a sub-adviser to various mutual funds registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, Parametric will, upon each fund’s request, compile and transmit in a timely manner all data required to be filed on Form N-PX to the appropriate fund’s administrator or third party service provider designated by the fund’s administrator.

 

Parametric will promptly report any material changes to these policies and procedures to its mutual fund clients in accordance with their respective policies and procedures, to ensure that the revised policies and procedures may be properly reviewed by the funds’ Boards of Trustees/Directors and included in the funds’ annual registration statements.

 

Solicitations and Information Requests

 

Parametric’s proxy voting policies and procedures are summarized and described to clients in Item 17 of the firm’s Form ADV Brochure (Form ADV Part 2A). Parametric will promptly provide a copy of these proxy voting policies and procedures, which may be updated from time to time, to a client upon their request.

 

Parametric’s Form ADV Brochure discloses to clients how they may obtain information from Parametric about how it voted proxies on their behalf. Parametric will provide proxy voting information free of charge upon written request.

 

Parametric will not reveal or disclose to any third-party how it may have voted or intends to vote a proxy until its vote has been counted at the respective shareholder’s meeting. Parametric may in any event disclose its general voting guidelines. No employee of Parametric may accept any benefit in the solicitation of proxies.

 

Compliance Review

 

On a regular basis, but not less than annually, the Compliance Department will review a sample of proxies voted to verify that Parametric has voted proxies in accordance with the firm’s proxy voting guidelines and in clients’ best interests.

B-21

 

On an annual basis, the Compliance Department will review the firm’s proxy voting policies and procedures, as required per Rule 206(4)-7, to confirm that they are adequate, effective, and designed to ensure that proxies are voted in clients’ best interests.

 

Class Actions

 

Parametric generally does not file or respond to class action claims on behalf of clients unless specifically obligated to do so under the terms of the client’s investment advisory agreement. Parametric will retain appropriate documentation regarding any determinations made on behalf of a client with regard to a class action claim or settlement.

 

Recordkeeping

 

Parametric will maintain proxy voting books and records in an easily accessible place for a period of six years, the first two years in the Seattle Investment Center.

 

Parametric will maintain all requisite proxy voting books and records, including but not limited to: (1) proxy voting policies and procedures, (2) proxy statements received on behalf of client accounts, (3) proxies voted, (4) copies of any documents that were material to making a decision how to vote proxies, and (5) client requests for proxy voting records and Parametric’s written response to any client request.

B-22

 

EXHIBIT A

 

PARAMETRIC PORTFOLIO ASSOCIATES LLC

 

PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES 

Dated: February 1, 2018

 

Stock ownership represents an opportunity to participate in the economic rewards of a long-lived asset and shareholder rights represent an important path to maximizing these benefits. Given this, Parametric expects the companies in which we invest to adhere to effective governance practices and consider their impact on the environment and the communities in which they operate. Our Proxy Voting Guidelines (the Guidelines) are designed to safeguard investor capital over the long-run by supporting qualified, independent boards that show accountability and responsiveness to shareholders and shareholder proposals that are prudent and relevant. In this effort, we consider the work of recognized corporate governance experts and outside research providers, as well as collaborative investor groups.

 

The Guidelines are reviewed annually and updated as needed. Below we summarize our guiding principles and key considerations for certain types of proposals. In addition to the guiding principles set forth below, Parametric will review research and guidance issued by third party proxy voting service providers in making voting determinations. Proposals that are not addressed by the Guidelines will be reviewed by the Proxy Committee and voted in the manner that best meets our guiding principles.

 

Board of Directors

 

Investors rely on the board of directors to oversee management and address reasonable shareholder concerns. Therefore, the independence, competence, and responsiveness of directors is paramount and assessing nominees is a major area of focus in our voting. We expect the board be free of conflicts of interest that would impair their ability to fairly represent the interests of shareholders and to have appropriate expertise. We believe that competent board members can be found throughout the wider population and a high degree of homogeneity on a board may signal the need for systematic improvement in the nomination process. Responsiveness includes a willingness to consider labor, human rights, and environmental issues pertinent to the business, in addition to more routine corporate governance issues. Parametric will vote for nominees who demonstrate these qualities and against individual directors, or the entire board, in their absence. We will generally support shareholder proposals for independent chairman/CEO roles and proxy access, with reasonable requirements.

 

Conditions that could trigger an against or withhold vote for individual directors or the entire board include:

 

Majority non-independent board, or lack of independence on key committees

Insufficient attendance at meetings (generally less than 75%), or excessive number of outside boards

Failure to act on shareholder proposals that have received majority support

Poor governance practices such as actions to classify the board, or adopt a poison pill or amend bylaws or charter without shareholder approval

 

We believe that chairman of the board and CEO are different jobs that are best fulfilled by separate individuals, particularly for larger, more complex companies. We expect companies with combined roles to provide a clear rationale for the benefits and to put governance structures in place to protect against compromised oversight, such as a lead or presiding director.

 

In the case of contested elections, nominees will be subjected to similar analysis and expectations. In particular, dissident directors should present a more compelling strategy for improving company returns than the incumbent board.

B-23

 

Auditors

 

Investors rely on auditors to attest to the integrity of a company’s financial statements, without which the business could not be properly evaluated. It is essential that auditors be independent, accurate, fair in the fees charged, and not subject to conflicts of interest. Non-audit fees are expected to generally be no more than a quarter of all fees paid. Parametric will generally vote for ratification of auditors that meet this criteria and vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals for mandatory rotation.

 

Executive Compensation

 

Executive compensation is an especially complex issue. Properly structured compensation is essential to attracting and retaining effective corporate management. Poorly structured compensation can create perverse incentives and contribute to the erosion of public trust. Achieving an ideal compensation package is complicated by questions around how to measure performance and the extent to which management should be penalized or rewarded by factors outside of their control. In light of this, our primary concern is to be attuned to packages that are truly outside of generally accepted practices, in either magnitude or structure, and may incentivize perverse behavior or result in paying for failure. We believe that total shareholder return as well as other financial metrics can be an appropriate basis for measurement. We generally support compensation that is well-disclosed, reasonably in line with peers and total shareholder returns, and reflects longer-term strategic company goals. We support annual frequency for say on pay votes. In the case of equity based pay, we may oppose plans with the potential dilution of greater than 15%. In the case of severance agreements, we prefer arrangements that are triggered by both a change in control and termination, and are limited to no more than three times recent annual compensation.

 

Mergers & Acquisitions

 

Business combinations can be valuable strategic tool but many fail to live up to expectations. Each must be evaluated on a case by case basis. In addition to considering valuation, strategic rationale, any conflicts of interest and potential changes to the governance profile, we may also consider the impact on community stakeholders. We will generally support combinations that appear to have a high chance of improving shareholder value over the long-run.

 

Capital Structure

 

Obtaining additional capital may be necessary to finance vital projects and take advantage of opportunities for growth but this potential value must be weighed any potentially negative impact on existing shareholders. Considerations for authorization of certain types of capital are as follows:

 

Common Stock – Voted case-by-case. The rationale for the increase and opportunity cost of not approving the request must overcome the dilutive impact. Prior use of authorized shares will also be considered. Requests for increases more than 100% of the existing authorization will generally be opposed, in the absence of a clear need. In the case of dual-class structure, increases in the class of stock with superior voting rights will be opposed.

 

Preferred Stock – Requests for preferred stock with clearly specified and reasonable terms will be supported. Requests for stock with unspecified terms (blank check) will be opposed.

 

Debt Restructuring – supported if bankruptcy is expected without restructuring, considered on a case by case otherwise.

 

Shareholder Rights

 

Without certain shareholder rights, investors’ votes can become useless. Broadly, we support proposals that enhance voting rights and against those that seek to undermine them, and we will vote against/withhold for directors that take actions to abridge shareholder rights. We believe that in most cases each common share should have one vote, and that a simple majority of voting shares should be all that is required to effect change.

B-24

 

Majority Voting Standard – In almost all cases we prefer a majority vote standard for binding votes. We also expect management to be responsive to non-binding votes that have received majority support. In the case that there are more nominees than board seats, we support a plurality vote requirement.

 

Supermajority Requirements – We are generally opposed to supermajority vote requirements. However, in select cases we might actually support maintaining existing supermajority requirements as a means to protect minority shareholders if new owners seek to change charter or bylaws after a dilutive stock or warrant issuance.

 

Cumulative Voting – Although we do not generally prefer cumulative voting, it may be warranted in certain cases as a safeguard for shareholders and will therefore be evaluated on a case by case basis.

 

Confidential Voting – We support confidential voting systems in which management and shareholders receive only vote totals and individual proxies and ballots are made available only to vote tabulators and inspectors.

 

Right to call meetings and act by written consent – We support proposals that enhance shareholders’ ability to act independently of management, with reasonable requirements, and oppose any that preclude it.

 

Unequal Voting Rights – Dual-class capitalization structure with unequal voting rights is at odds with the principle that voting rights be commensurate with economic interest. We expect companies with unequal voting rights structures to have a clear rationale for the benefits and an overall governing structure that avoids potential issues related to management or board entrenchment.

 

Bundled Proposals – Individual proposals should never be bundled, however, in the case that they are, we will support the bundle if the combined effect is expected to be beneficial to shareholders and against if not.

 

Poison Pills – Although poison pills can be used legitimately, we are more concerned about their potential to be used as a management entrenchment device. We expect the board to provide clear rationale for the pill and submit it to a shareholder vote. We generally prefer shorter terms for pills and unequivocally oppose any features that limit the ability of future boards to eliminate it. We will support reasonably designed pills to protect net operating loss tax assets.

 

Access to the Proxy – We support providing shareholders the right to nominate director candidates on management’s proxy card, with certain requirements to help prevent abuse of this right.

 

Greenmail – Targeted share repurchases of stock from investors seeking control of the company is an inappropriate use of resources and discriminates against other shareholders. We support anti-greenmail provisions in a charter or bylaws. However, we vote against anti-greenmail proposals that have been bundled with proposals that we do not support.

B-25

 

Environmental and Social Shareholder Resolutions:

 

Shareholder resolutions are an important communication mechanism between the board and shareholders. In addition to supporting any of the shareholder resolutions on general governance mentioned previously, we also support resolutions that encourage the board to improve relevant policies and disclosures as well as take action on certain matters. Our guiding principles are that businesses must adhere to internationally recognized labor and human rights standards; be transparent around corporate practices involving weapons, repressive governments, public health and product safety; maintain accountability for lobbying and political contributions; and set and report on environmental performance goals related to the firm’s long-term strategy. We will not support resolutions on matters best left to the board’s discretion or addressed via legislation or regulation, or that would be unduly burdensome.

B-26

 

EXHIBIT B

 

PARAMETRIC PORTFOLIO ASSOCIATES LLC

PROXY VOTING COMMITTEE CHARTER

 

February 1, 2018

 

Article I – Purpose

 

Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC (“Parametric”) has adopted and implemented proxy voting policies and procedures which are designed to ensure that Parametric fulfills its fiduciary obligation to vote proxies in the best interests of its clients. Parametric has established this Proxy Voting Committee (the “Committee”) for the purpose of overseeing the implementation and execution of these proxy voting procedures.

 

Article II – Composition of the Committee

 

1. Size of Committee

 

The Committee shall be comprised of not less than five people.

 

2. Appointment of Members

 

The Committee shall generally consist of Investment Strategy, Portfolio Management, Operations, and Compliance personnel. Additional committee members may be appointed by the Committee chairperson. Parametric employees from other business groups may serve on the Committee if the chairperson determines their service to be in the best interest of Parametric.

 

3. Committee Chair

 

One Committee member shall serve as the Committee’s chairperson (the “Chair”) who shall preside over meetings of the Committee and report Committee actions to the Corporate Governance Committee. The Chair is responsible for setting the Committee membership and appointing a Committee Coordinator. If the Chair is not present at a regular or special Committee meeting, the Committee may designate an acting Chair.

 

4. Committee Coordinator

 

One member of the Committee shall serve as the Committee Coordinator, who is responsible for maintaining Committee meeting minutes, setting regular Committee meetings, coordinating an annual review of the firm’s Proxy Voting Guidelines, and facilitating the Committee oversight of special proxy voting issues and developments.

B-27

 

Article III – Meetings and Other Actions

 

1. Meetings

 

The Committee shall meet on a quarterly basis but may meet more frequently if deemed necessary to fulfill the Committee’s duties and responsibilities. The length and agendas for regular meetings shall be determined by the Chair in consultation with the Committee Coordinator and other Committee members. Three members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum required for the transaction of business and the act of a majority present shall be the act of the Committee. Committee members may participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment. Non-committee members may attend a meeting at the invitation of the Chair.

 

2. Meeting Minutes

 

The Committee Coordinator shall keep regular minutes of all regular and special meetings and record any actions taken. If the Committee Coordinator is not present at a meeting, another Committee member shall keep minutes of the proceedings. Meeting minutes shall be distributed to all Committee members and confirmed at the next regular meeting. The Committee Coordinator is responsible for maintaining the permanent corporate record of all Committee meeting minutes.

 

3. Authority of the Committee

 

The Committee is authorized and directed to take such action it deems necessary to fulfill its duties and obligations set forth in Article IV of this Charter.

 

Article IV – Responsibilities

 

To fulfill its duties and responsibilities the Proxy Voting Committee shall:

 

1. Oversee and monitor the proxy voting processes to ensure that all proxies are voted in accordance with the firm’s Proxy Voting Guidelines or, for specified client accounts, client proxy voting guidelines.

 

2. Consider and determine votes for issues that are not addressed by the firm’s Proxy Voting Guidelines. (At least two members of the Committee must approve a vote determination before a ballot is voted. All determinations by members of the Committee are reviewed by the Committee at its next regular meeting.)

 

3. Consider requests (from portfolio managers, clients, advisers) to vote contrary to the firm’s Proxy Voting Guidelines.

 

4. Identify and monitor actual and potential conflicts of interest involving the proxy voting process.

 

5. Engage and oversee any third party service providers utilized to assist Parametric in voting proxies.

 

6. Annually review the firm’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures and Proxy Voting Guidelines to ensure they are designed to serve the best interests of Parametric’s clients and recommend any revisions to the firm’s Corporate Governance Committee.

 

B-28 

 

 

August 31, 2019

 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

 

INVESTOR CLASS

SHARES*

INSTITUTIONAL CLASS SHARES
VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND VVPLX VVILX
VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND VVPSX VVISX

 

* The initial share class of the Funds was redesignated as Investor Class shares effective April 23, 2019.

 

P.O. Box 1236

Denver, CO 80201

 

Each of the Vulcan Value Partners Fund and the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) is a series of Financial Investors Trust (the “Trust”), an open-end series management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust.

 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) expands upon and supplements the information contained in the current Prospectus of the Funds listed above, each of which is a separate series of the Trust. Each of these series of the Trust represents shares of beneficial interest in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets with its own objective and policies. Vulcan Value Partners LLC is the investment adviser of each Fund. This SAI is not a prospectus and is only authorized for distribution when preceded or accompanied by the Funds’ current prospectus dated August 31, 2019, as supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”). This SAI supplements and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus, a copy of which may be obtained without charge by writing either Fund at the address listed above, or by calling the Funds’ transfer agent at 877.421.5078. The Funds’ most recent annual reports, are incorporated by reference into this SAI and can be obtained free of charge by calling the toll-free number printed above.

 

 
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

  Page
Investment Objectives and Policies 1
Additional Investment Activities and Risks 4
Other Practices 17
Investment Limitations 20
Portfolio Turnover 21
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings 22
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage 25
Purchase, Exchange & Redemption of Shares 28
Trustees and Officers 33
Investment Manager 41
Administrator 43
Distributor 43
Code of Ethics 43
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures 44
Control Persons, Principal Shareholders and Management Ownership 44
Expenses 45
Portfolio Manager 45
Net Asset Value 48
Federal Income Taxes 49
Description of the Trust 62
Other Information about the Funds 63
Performance Information 64
Financial Statements 64
Appendix A –Description of Securities Ratings A-1
Appendix B –Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures B-1

 

 
 

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

 

The Prospectus discusses the investment objectives of the Vulcan Value Partners Fund and the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”), as well as the strategies each Fund employs to achieve those objectives. Each Fund is a series of Financial Investors Trust (the “Trust”), an open-end series management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust on November 30, 1993. The discussion below supplements the information set forth in the Prospectus under “Investment Objective and Principal Strategies.” Each Fund seeks to achieve long-term capital appreciation.

 

As of the date hereof, each Fund is classified as non-diversified.

 

While there is no assurance that a Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in the Prospectus.

 

The Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change a Fund’s investment objective or the Fund’s principal investment strategies without a shareholder vote. The Fund will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to a Fund’s investment objective or principal investment strategies, you should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

What are the Funds’ Principal Investment Strategies?

 

Unless otherwise stated, the following investment philosophies and processes apply to each Fund.

 

VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS FUND seeks to achieve long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in publicly traded small- and large-capitalization U.S. companies believed to be both undervalued and possessing a sustainable competitive advantage.

 

VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS SMALL CAP FUND seeks to achieve long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in publicly traded small-capitalization U.S. companies believed to be both undervalued and possessing a sustainable competitive advantage.

 

The Funds’ Investment Philosophies. Both Funds are value funds. Vulcan Value Partners, LLC (“Vulcan” or the “Adviser”) is the investment adviser to the Funds. The Funds view equity investments as ownership in a business enterprise and approach investing as long-term partial ownership of businesses. The Funds seek to purchase publicly traded companies at significant discounts to intrinsic worth. The Funds seek to invest for the long term, limiting the selection of qualifying investments to good businesses with identifiable, sustainable competitive advantages to maximize returns and to minimize risk. The Funds generally define risk as the probability of permanently losing capital over a five-year period. The Funds generally sell stocks when they approach their appraised value. The Funds seek to determine business or intrinsic value through disciplined financial analysis. The Funds believe that equities purchased at prices substantially less than their intrinsic worth generally afford capital protection from significant permanent loss and also create the possibility of substantial appreciation if the market recognizes the company’s economic value.

 

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The Funds’ Investment Process. Under normal circumstances, both Funds follow the same investment disciplines and appraisal methods. The Funds identify publicly traded companies that are believed to have sustainable competitive advantages allowing them to produce free cash flow and earn superior cash returns on capital. The Funds seek to invest in businesses that are run by ethical, capable, stockholder-oriented management teams that also are good operators, and, very importantly, understand the importance of capital allocation. The Funds then focus their analysis on the difference between price and value; that is, the difference between the price of the company’s securities and the appraised value of the securities. The greater the difference of value over price, the larger the margin of safety and the more attractive the investment. The Funds will generally invest larger amounts of their assets in companies determined to have lower price to value ratios and reduce capital committed to companies determined to have higher price to value ratios.

 

Under normal circumstances, at least eighty percent (80%) of the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund’s net assets are invested in small-cap companies. As of June 30, 2019, the latest reconstitution date, the median market capitalization of the Russell 2000® Index was approximately $798.26 million and the top of this range was approximately $10.34 billion. The Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund’s capitalization range will change over time. For purposes of the Fund’s 80% investment policy, the Fund considers small-cap companies to be those companies whose market capitalization at the time of initial purchase is within the market capitalization range of companies in the Russell 2000® Index during the most recent 12-month period. As of June 30, 2018, this range was approximately $4.84 million to $10.34 billion; however, this capitalization range is expected to change over time.

 

Each Fund may hold significant positions in cash or cash equivalents when the Adviser believes the investment climate is, or will become, unfavorable for equity securities. During such periods when the Adviser perceives the investment climate to be unfavorable, the Adviser may also attempt to hedge that Fund’s portfolio by using stock index futures, options on stock market indexes or options on individual securities.

 

Each Fund may borrow money from banks to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), only for short term cash flow purposes, not for investment purposes. Such borrowings may be on a secured or unsecured basis at fixed or variable rates of interest, though each Fund will borrow no more than 10% of net assets. Under Section 18(f) of the 1940 Act, any borrowing exceeding 5% of a Fund’s total assets at the time the evidence of indebtedness is issued will be regarded as a “senior security.” The 1940 Act requires each Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage of not less than 300% with respect to all borrowings that are considered “senior securities” (generally borrowings other than for temporary or emergency purposes). If such asset coverage should decline to less than 300% due to market fluctuations or other reasons, that Fund may be required to dispose of some of its portfolio holdings within three days in order to reduce that Fund’s debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to dispose of assets at that time. 

 

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Within the parameters of its specific investment policies, each Fund may invest in publicly traded foreign equity and debt securities. Each Fund may invest no more than 10% of its net assets in securities issued by the same issuer, provided that the aggregate value of the securities held in issuers in each of which it invests more than 5% of its assets is less than 40% of the Fund’s total assets. These tests will be applied to each Fund’s holdings on an ongoing basis.

 

A mutual fund may elect to operate as a “diversified company,” which generally is defined in Section 5(b)(1) of the 1940 Act as any management investment company, if at least 75 percent of the company’s assets consist of cash, cash items, government securities, securities of other investment companies, and other securities. For the purposes of this calculation, “other securities” are limited in regard to any issuer to an amount not greater than 5 percent of the value of the total assets of the management company and to not more than 10 percent of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer. The Funds have chosen to be classified as non-diversified. As a result, an increase or decrease in the value of a single security may have a greater impact on a Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) and total return. Being non-diversified may also cause a Fund to be more susceptible to financial, economic, political or other developments that may impact a security. Although a Fund may from time to time satisfy the requirements for a diversified fund, its non-diversified classification gives the Funds’ portfolio manager more flexibility to hold larger positions in a smaller number of securities than a fund that is classified as diversified.

 

Equity Securities. Equity securities are securities which signify ownership interest in a corporation and represent a claim on part of the corporation’s assets and earnings. Equity securities may include common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities, equity interest in non-U.S. investments or trusts, depositary receipts, equity interests in publicly traded limited partnerships/units and other equity investments. Each Fund may invest in equity or equity-related securities and equipment lease certificates, equipment trust certificates and conditional sales contracts or limited partnership interests.

 

Foreign Securities. Each Fund may invest directly in publicly traded foreign securities denominated in a foreign currency and not publicly traded in the United States. Other ways of investing in foreign securities include depositary receipts or shares.

 

Derivative Securities. Neither Fund typically invests in listed or unlisted derivative securities, including options, futures, forwards, swap agreements participation notes and other types of derivatives individually or in combination for hedging purposes or for non-hedging purposes such as seeking to enhance return. Although the Funds typically do not invest in such instruments, the Adviser intends to either: (i) comply with the requirements of the CEA by operating the Funds in a manner consistent with the restrictions of CFTC Rule 4.5, including filing a notice of eligibility of exemption from registration in accordance with applicable procedures and deadlines; (ii) comply with the requirements of the CEA by registering as a CPO with the CFTC and the National Futures Association; or (iii) operate the Funds in a manner such that each Fund will not be a “commodity pool” under the CEA. 

 

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Exchange Traded Funds. Each Fund may invest in shares of exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) and other similar instruments if the Adviser chooses to adjust that Fund’s exposure to the general market or industry sectors and to manage that Fund’s risk exposure. ETFs differ from traditional index funds in that their shares are listed on a securities exchange and can be traded intraday. ETF shares are shares of exchange traded investment companies that are registered under the 1940 Act and hold a portfolio of common stocks designed to track the performance of a particular index. Limitations of the 1940 Act may prohibit each Fund from acquiring more than 3% of the outstanding shares of certain ETFs. Instruments that are similar to ETFs represent beneficial ownership interests in specific “baskets” of stocks of companies within a particular industry sector or group. These securities may also be exchange traded, but unlike ETFs, the issuers of these securities are not registered as investment companies.

 

Other Investment Companies. As a general matter, each Fund is prohibited by the 1940 Act from investing more than 10% of its assets in another investment companies. However, there are several exceptions to such 10% limitation. Regardless of the exceptions, neither Fund will acquire more than 10% of another investment company or any other open ended collective investment scheme.

 

Portfolio Turnover. Each Fund may engage in short-term trading. This means that each Fund may buy a security and sell that security a short period of time after its purchase to realize gains if the Adviser believes that the sale is in the best interest of that Fund (for example, if the Adviser believes an alternative investment has greater growth potential). This activity will increase that Fund’s portfolio turnover rate and generate higher transaction costs due to commissions or dealer mark-ups and other expenses that would reduce that Fund’s investment performance. In addition, a high level of short-term trading may increase the amount of taxable distributions to shareholders that would reduce the after-tax returns of that Fund, and in particular may generate short-term capital gains that when distributed to shareholders are taxed at ordinary U.S. federal income tax rates.

 

Cash Position. Each Fund may not always stay fully invested in stocks or bonds. For example, when the Adviser believes that market conditions are unfavorable for profitable investing, or when it is otherwise unable to locate attractive investment opportunities, that Fund’s cash or similar investments may increase. In other words, cash or similar investments generally are a residual – they represent the assets that remain after that Fund has committed available assets to desirable investment opportunities. When that Fund’s investments in cash or similar investments increase, it may not participate in market advance or declines to the same extent that it would if that Fund remained more fully invested in stocks or bonds. The cash or cash equivalent holdings of each fund will be invested in securities issued by the United States, or an agency thereof, a money market or similar account, or cash deposits with federally insured depository institutions.

 

ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES AND RISKS

 

The principal risks associated with each Fund’s principal investment strategies are described in the Prospectuses. The following section describes in greater detail than the Prospectuses certain of the Funds’ investment strategies and the associated risks. 

 

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Equity Investments

 

Each Fund may invest in equity securities. Equity securities (which generally include common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants, securities convertible into common or preferred stocks and similar securities) are generally volatile and more risky than some other forms of investment. Equity securities of companies with relatively small market capitalizations may be more volatile than the securities of larger, more established companies and the broad equity market indices generally. Common stock and other equity securities may take the form of stock in corporations, partnership interests, interests in limited liability companies and other direct or indirect interests in business organizations.

 

Common Stock

 

Common stocks are shares of a corporation or other entity that entitle the holder to a pro rata share of the profits of the corporation, if any, without preference over any other shareholder or class of shareholders, including holders of the entity’s preferred stock and other senior equity. Common stock usually carries with it the right to vote and frequently an exclusive right to do so.

 

Common stocks of companies that the Adviser believes have earnings that will grow faster than the economy as a whole are known as growth stocks. Growth stocks typically trade at higher multiples of current earnings than other stocks. As a result, the values of growth stocks may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the values of other stocks. If the Adviser’s assessment of the prospects for a company’s earnings growth is wrong, or if its judgment of how other investors will value the company’s earnings growth is wrong, then the price of that company’s stock may fall or may not approach the value that the Adviser has placed on it.

 

Common stocks of companies that are not expected to experience significant earnings growth, but whose stocks the Adviser believes are undervalued compared to their true worth, are known as value stocks. These companies may have experienced adverse business developments or may be subject to special risks that have caused their stocks to be out of favor. If the Adviser’s assessment of a company’s prospects is wrong, or if other investors do not eventually recognize the value of the company, then the price of the company’s stocks may fall or may not approach the value that the Adviser has placed on it.

 

Many stocks have both “growth” and “value” characteristics, and for some stocks it may be unclear which category, if any, it fits into. Each Fund’s investment process is biased towards value.

 

Preferred Stock

 

Preferred stocks, like debt obligations, are generally fixed-income securities. Shareholders of preferred stocks normally have the right to receive dividends at a fixed rate when and as declared by the issuer’s board of directors, but do not participate in other amounts available for distribution by the issuing corporation. Dividends on the preferred stock may be cumulative, and generally all cumulative dividends must be paid prior to common shareholders receiving any dividends. Because as a general matter preferred stock dividends must be paid before common stock dividends, preferred stocks generally entail less risk than common stocks. Upon liquidation, preferred stocks are generally entitled to a specified liquidation preference, which is generally the same as the par or stated value, and are senior in right of payment to common stock. Preferred stocks are, however, equity securities in the sense that they do not represent a liability of the issuer and, therefore, do not offer as great a degree of protection of capital or assurance of continued income as investments in corporate debt securities. In addition, preferred stocks are subordinated in right of payment to all debt obligations and creditors of the issuer, and convertible preferred stocks may be subordinated to other preferred stock of the same issuer. 

 

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Exchange Traded Funds and Other Similar Instruments

 

ETFs and other similar instruments may be purchased by either Fund. Generally, an ETF is an investment company that is registered under the 1940 Act that holds a portfolio of securities designed to track the performance of a particular index or index segment. Similar instruments, used by pools that are not investment companies, offer similar characteristics and may be designed to track the performance of an index or basket of securities of companies engaged in a particular market or sector. ETFs sell and redeem their shares at net asset value in large blocks (typically 50,000 of its shares) called “creation units.” Shares representing fractional interests in these creation units are listed for trading on national securities exchanges and can be purchased and sold in the secondary market in lots of any size at any time during the trading day.

 

Investments in ETFs and other similar instruments involve certain inherent risks generally associated with investments in a broadly-based portfolio of stocks including: (i) risks that the general level of stock prices may decline, thereby adversely affecting the value of each unit of the ETF or other instrument; (ii) an ETF may not fully replicate the performance of its benchmark index because of temporary unavailability of certain index securities in the secondary market or discrepancies between the ETF and the index with respect to the weightings of securities or number of stocks held; (iii) an ETF may also be adversely affected by the performance of the specific index, market sector or group of industries on which it is based; and (iv) an ETF may not track an index as well as a traditional index mutual fund because ETFs are valued by the market and, therefore, there may be a difference between the market value and the ETF’s net asset value. Each Fund may both purchase and effect short sales of shares of ETFs and may also purchase and sell options on shares of ETFs. These investments may be used for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return (which is considered a speculative activity).

 

Because ETFs and pools that issue similar instruments incur various fees and expenses, a Fund’s investment in these instruments will involve certain indirect costs, as well as transaction costs, such as brokerage commissions. The Adviser will consider expenses associated with an investment in determining whether to invest in an ETF or other instrument. In the case of ETFs that are investment companies, they invest substantially all of their assets in securities of various securities indices or a particular segment of a securities index. Most ETFs are listed and traded on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (“Arca”). The market price of ETFs is expected to fluctuate in accordance with both changes in the asset values of their underlying indices and supply and demand of an ETF’s shares on the Arca. ETFs may trade at relatively modest discounts or premiums to net asset value. In general, most ETFs have a limited operating history and information may be lacking regarding the actual performance and trading liquidity of such shares for extended periods or over complete market cycles. In addition, there is no assurance that the requirements of the Arca necessary to maintain the listing of ETFs in which a Fund invests will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. In the event substantial market or other disruptions affecting the shares of ETFs held by a Fund should occur in the future, the liquidity and value of that Fund’s shares could also be adversely affected. If such disruptions were to occur, that Fund could be required to reconsider the use of ETFs as part of its investment strategy.

 

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Limitations of the 1940 Act, which prohibit either Fund from acquiring more than 3% of the outstanding shares of another investment company, may restrict the Fund’s ability to purchase shares of certain ETFs.

 

Warrants and Rights

 

Each Fund may invest in warrants and rights. Warrants are securities that are usually issued together with a debt security or preferred stock and that give the holder the right to buy a proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price until a stated expiration date. Buying a warrant generally can provide a greater potential for profit or loss than an investment of equivalent amounts in the underlying common stock. The market value of a warrant does not necessarily move with the value of the underlying securities. If a holder does not sell the warrant, it risks the loss of its entire investment if the market price of the underlying security does not, before the expiration date, exceed the exercise price of the warrant. Investing in warrants is a speculative activity. Warrants pay no dividends and confer no rights (other than the right to purchase the underlying securities) with respect to the assets of the issuer. A right is a privilege granted, typically to existing shareholders of a corporation, to subscribe for shares of a new issue of stock before it is issued. Rights normally have a short life, usually two to four weeks, may be freely transferable and generally entitle the holder to buy the new common stock at a lower price than the public offering price.

 

Market Risk

 

The market price of securities owned by either Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably.

 

Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries represented in the securities markets. The value of a security may decline due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also decline due to factors which affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value simultaneously.

 

Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed-income securities.

 

Non-U.S. Securities

 

Investors should recognize that investing in the securities of non-U.S. issuers generally, and particularly in emerging market issuers, involves special considerations which are not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. issuers. Investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers may involve risks arising from differences between U.S. and non-U.S. securities markets, including less volume, much greater price volatility in and relative illiquidity of non-U.S. securities markets, different trading and settlement practices, and less governmental supervision and regulation, from changes in currency exchange rates, from high and volatile rates of inflation, from economic, social and political conditions and, as with domestic multinational corporations, from fluctuating interest rates. 

 

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Since most non-U.S. securities are denominated in non-U.S. currencies or traded primarily in securities markets in which settlements are made in non-U.S. currencies, the value of these investments and the net investment income available for distribution to shareholders of the Funds may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency exchange rates or exchange control regulations. Because a Fund may purchase securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies, a change in the value of any such currency against the U.S. dollar will result in a change in the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets and the Fund’s income available for distribution. A Fund’s foreign currency transactions may give rise to ordinary income or loss, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency.

 

In addition, although a Fund’s income may be received or realized in foreign currencies, the Fund will be required to compute and distribute its income in U.S. dollars. Therefore, if the value of a currency relative to the U.S. dollar declines after the Fund’s income has been earned in that currency, translated into U.S. dollars and declared as a dividend, but before payment of such dividend, the Fund could be required to liquidate portfolio securities to pay such dividend. Similarly, if the value of a currency relative to the U.S. dollar declines between the time a Fund incurs expenses or other obligations in U.S. dollars and the time the Fund makes those payments, the amount of local currency that must be converted in order to pay such expenses in U.S. dollars will be greater than the corresponding amount of such currency required to be converted at the time the obligations were incurred.

 

Certain markets are in only the earliest stages of development. There is also a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of investors and financial intermediaries. Many of such markets also may be affected by developments with respect to more established markets in the region. Brokers in non-U.S. and emerging market countries typically are fewer in number and less capitalized than brokers in the United States. These factors, combined with the U.S. regulatory requirements for open-end investment companies and the restrictions on foreign investment, result in potentially fewer investment opportunities for a Fund and may have an adverse impact on the investment performance of the Fund. There generally is less governmental supervision and regulation of exchanges, brokers and issuers in non-U.S. countries than there is in the United States. For example, there may be no comparable provisions under certain non-U.S. laws to insider trading and similar investor protection securities laws that apply with respect to securities transactions consummated in the United States. Further, brokerage commissions and other transaction costs on non-U.S. securities exchanges generally are higher than in the United States. With respect to investments in certain emerging market countries, archaic legal systems may have an adverse impact on a Fund. For example, while the potential liability of a shareholder in a U.S. corporation with respect to acts of the corporation is generally limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment, the notion of limited liability is less clear in emerging market countries. Similarly, the rights of investors in emerging market companies may be more limited than those of shareholders of U.S. corporations.

 

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Other investment risks include the possible imposition of foreign withholding taxes on certain amounts of a Fund’s income which may reduce the net return on non-U.S. investments as compared to income received from a U.S. issuer, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign assets and the possible establishment of exchange controls, expropriation, confiscatory taxation, other foreign governmental laws or restrictions which might affect adversely payments due on securities held by the Fund, the lack of extensive operating experience of eligible foreign sub-custodians, and legal limitations on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by a foreign sub-custodian in the event of the sub-custodian’s bankruptcy.

 

In addition, there may be less publicly-available information about a non-U.S. issuer than about a U.S. issuer, and non-U.S. issuers may not be subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial record-keeping standards and requirements as U.S. issuers. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of an emerging market country issuer may not reflect its financial position or results of operations in the way they would be reflected had the financial statements been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In addition, for an issuer that keeps accounting records in local currency, inflation accounting rules may require, for both tax and accounting purposes, that certain assets and liabilities be restated on the issuer’s balance sheet in order to express items in terms of currency of constant purchasing power. Inflation accounting may indirectly generate losses or profits. Consequently, financial data may be materially affected by restatements for inflation and may not accurately reflect the real condition of those issuers and securities markets. Finally, in the event of a default of any such foreign obligations, it may be more difficult for a Fund to obtain or enforce a judgment against the issuers of such obligations. The manner in which foreign investors may invest in companies in certain emerging market countries, as well as limitations on such investments, also may have an adverse impact on the operations of a Fund. For example, the Fund may be required in certain of such countries to invest initially through a local broker or other entity and then have the shares purchased re-registered in the name of the Fund. Re-registration may in some instances not be able to occur on a timely basis, resulting in a delay during which the Fund may be denied certain of its rights as an investor.

 

Non-U.S. markets have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have failed to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Further, satisfactory custodial services for investment securities may not be available in some countries having smaller emerging markets, which may result in a Fund incurring additional costs and delays in transporting and custodying such securities outside such countries. Delays in settlement or other problems could result in periods when assets of the Fund are uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of a Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems or the risk of intermediary counterparty failures could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. The inability to dispose of a portfolio security due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in the value of such portfolio security or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the security, could result in possible liability to the purchaser.

 

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Securities Related Activities

 

In some countries, banks or other financial institutions may constitute a substantial number of the leading companies or companies with the most actively traded securities. The 1940 Act limits a Fund’s ability to invest in any equity security of an issuer which, in its most recent fiscal year, derived more than 15% of its revenues from “securities related activities,” as defined by the rules thereunder. These provisions may also restrict a Fund’s investments in certain non-U.S. banks and other financial institutions.

 

Non-U.S. Sub-custodians

 

Rules adopted under the 1940 Act permit each Fund to maintain its non-U.S. securities and cash in the custody of certain eligible non-U.S. banks and securities depositories.

 

Certain banks in non-U.S. countries may not be eligible sub-custodians for either Fund, in which event the Fund may be precluded from purchasing securities in certain non-U.S. countries in which it otherwise would invest or which may result in the Fund’s incurring additional costs and delays in providing transportation and custody services for such securities outside of such countries. A Fund may encounter difficulties in effecting on a timely basis portfolio transactions with respect to any securities of issuers held outside their countries. Other banks that are eligible non-U.S. sub-custodians may be recently organized or otherwise lack extensive operating experience. In addition, in certain countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations on the ability of a Fund to recover assets held in custody by non-U.S. sub-custodians in the event of the bankruptcy of the sub-custodian.

 

Credit Ratings

 

The interest-bearing instruments included in each Fund’s investment portfolio must be assigned a credit rating of “investment grade”. A description of the ratings used by Moody’s and S&P is set forth in Appendix A. An investment in either Fund should not be considered as a complete investment program for all investors. Moreover, substantial investments in non-U.S. securities may have adverse U.S. federal income tax implications as described under “Federal Income Taxes.”

 

The Adviser will take various factors into consideration in evaluating the creditworthiness of an issuer. For corporate debt securities, such factors typically include the issuer’s financial resources, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, the operating history of the issuer, and the experience and track record of the issuer’s management. For sovereign debt instruments, these will typically include the economic and political conditions within the issuer’s country, the issuer’s overall and external debt levels and debt service ratios, the issuer’s access to capital markets and other sources of funding, and the issuer’s debt service payment history. The Adviser will also review the ratings assigned to the security by any recognized rating organizations, although the Adviser’s judgment as to the quality of a debt security may differ from that suggested by the rating published by a rating service. In addition to the foregoing credit analysis, the Adviser will evaluate the relative value of an investment compared with its perceived credit risk. A Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective may be more dependent on the Adviser’s credit analysis than would be the case if it invested in higher quality debt securities.

 

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Emerging Market Countries

 

Certain of the risks associated with international investments and investing in smaller capital markets are heightened for investments in emerging market countries. For example, some of the currencies of emerging market countries have experienced devaluations relative to the U.S. dollar, and major adjustments have been made periodically in certain of such currencies. Certain of such countries face serious exchange constraints. In addition, governments of many emerging market countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. In certain cases, the government owns or controls many companies, including the largest in the country. Accordingly, government actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in developing countries which could affect private sector companies and a Fund, as well as the value of securities in the Fund.

 

Investment in certain emerging market securities is restricted or controlled to varying degrees which may at times limit or preclude investment in certain emerging market securities and increase the costs and expenses of a Fund’s portfolio. Certain emerging market countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons to only a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than other classes, restrict investment opportunities in issuers in industries deemed important to national interests and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors. Certain emerging market countries may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors which could adversely affect a Fund. In addition, if deterioration occurs in an emerging market country’s balance of payments, it could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. Investing in local markets in emerging market countries may require a portfolio to adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions, each of which may involve additional costs to a Fund.

 

Fixed Income Securities

 

Each Fund may invest in fixed income securities. Fixed income securities generally pay a specified rate of interest or dividends, or a rate that is adjusted periodically by reference to some specified index or market rate or other factor. Fixed income securities may include securities issued by U.S. federal, state, local, and non-U.S. governments and other agencies and instrumentalities, and by a wide range of private or corporate issuers. Fixed income securities include, among others, bonds, notes, bills, debentures, convertible securities, bank obligations, and commercial paper.

 

Because interest rates vary, it is impossible to predict the income of a Fund for any particular period. Except to the extent that values are affected independently by other factors such as developments relating to a specific issuer or group of issuers, when interest rates decline, the value of a fixed-income portfolio can generally be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a fixed-income portfolio can generally be expected to decline. Prices of longer term securities generally increase or decrease more sharply than those of shorter term securities in response to interest rate changes, particularly if such securities were purchased at a discount. It should be noted that the market values of securities rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities tend to react less to fluctuations in interest rate levels than do those of higher-rated securities.

 

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Call or Buy-Back Features

 

In addition, many fixed-income securities contain call or buy-back features that permit their issuers to call or repurchase the securities from their holders. Such securities may present risks based on payment expectations. Although a Fund may typically receive a premium if an issuer were to redeem a security, if an issuer exercises such a “call option” and redeems the security during a time of declining interest rates, the Fund may realize a capital loss on its investment if the security was purchased at a premium and the Fund may have to replace the called security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased rate of return to the Fund.

 

Bank Obligations

 

Bank obligations that may be purchased by either Fund include certificates of deposit, banker’s acceptances and fixed time deposits. A certificate of deposit is a short-term negotiable certificate issued by a commercial bank against funds deposited in the bank and is either interest-bearing or purchased on a discount basis. A banker’s acceptance is a short-term draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower, usually in connection with an international commercial transaction. The borrower is liable for payment, as is the bank, which unconditionally guarantees to pay the draft at its face amount on the maturity date. Fixed time deposits are obligations of branches of U.S. or non-U.S. banks which are payable at a stated maturity date and bear a fixed rate of interest. Although fixed time deposits do not have a market, there are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in the deposit to a third party. Bank obligations may be general obligations of the parent bank or may be limited to the issuing branch by the terms of the specific obligations or by government regulation. Securities issued or guaranteed by non-U.S. banks and non-U.S. branches of U.S. banks are subject to many of the risks of investing in non-U.S. securities generally.

 

Banks are subject to extensive governmental regulations which may limit both the amounts and types of loans and other financial commitments which may be made and interest rates and fees which may be charged. The profitability of this industry is to a significant extent dependent upon the availability and cost of capital of funds used by the bank to finance its lending operations. Also, general economic conditions play an important part in the operations of this industry and exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers might affect a bank’s ability to meet its obligations.

 

Initial Public Offerings

 

The Fund may purchase shares in initial public offerings (“IPO”). Because IPO shares frequently are volatile in price, the Fund may hold IPO shares for a very short period of time. This may increase the turnover of the Fund’s portfolio and may lead to increased expenses to the Fund, such as commissions and transaction costs. By selling shares, the Fund may realize taxable capital gains that it will subsequently distribute to shareholders. Investing in IPOs has added risks because their shares are frequently volatile in price. As a result, their performance can be more volatile and they face greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility of the Fund’s portfolio.

 

 12

 

Convertible Securities

 

Each Fund may invest in convertible securities, which are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stock or other securities, which may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock of the same or different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities ordinarily provide a stream of income, which generate higher yields than those of common stocks of the same or similar issuers but lower than the yield on non-convertible debt. Convertible securities are usually subordinate or are comparable to non-convertible securities but rank senior to common stock or shares in a company’s capital structure. The value of a convertible security is a function of (i) its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege and (ii) its worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock. Convertible securities are typically issued by smaller capitalized companies whose stock prices may be volatile. The price of a convertible security often reflects such variations in the price of the underlying common stock in a way that non-convertible debt does not. A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument.

 

Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities

 

Each Fund may purchase securities on a firm commitment basis, including when-issued securities. Securities purchased on a firm commitment basis are purchased for delivery beyond the normal settlement date at a stated price and yield. No income accrues to the purchaser of a security on a firm commitment basis prior to delivery. Such securities are recorded as an asset and are subject to changes in value based upon changes in the general level of interest rates. Purchasing a security on a firm commitment basis can involve a risk that the market price at the time of delivery may be lower than the agreed upon purchase price, in which case there could be an unrealized loss at the time of delivery. Each Fund will only make commitments to purchase securities on a firm commitment basis with the intention of actually acquiring the securities, but may sell them before the settlement date if it is deemed advisable. A Fund will designate liquid assets in an amount at least equal in value to the Fund’s commitments to purchase securities on a firm commitment basis. If the value of these assets declines, the Fund will place additional liquid assets in the account on a daily basis so that the value of the assets in the account is equal to the amount of such commitments.

 

Floating and Variable Rate Instruments

 

Each Fund may each invest in floating and variable rate obligations. Floating or variable rate obligations bear interest at rates that are not fixed, but vary with changes in specified market rates or indices, such as the prime rate, and at specified intervals. The variable rate obligations in which a Fund may invest include variable rate master demand notes, which are unsecured instruments issued pursuant to an agreement between the issuer and the holder that permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary and provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate.

 

 13

 

Certain of the floating or variable rate obligations that may be purchased by a Fund may carry a demand feature that would permit the holder to tender them back to the issuer of the instrument or to a third party at par value prior to maturity. Some of the demand instruments purchased by a Fund are not traded in a secondary market and derive their liquidity solely from the ability of the holder to demand repayment from the issuer or third party providing credit support. If a demand instrument is not traded in a secondary market, the Fund will nonetheless treat the instrument as liquid for the purposes of its investment restriction limiting investments in illiquid securities unless the demand feature has a notice period of more than seven days; if the notice period is greater than seven days, such a demand instrument will be characterized as illiquid for such purpose. The Fund’s right to obtain payment at par on a demand instrument could be affected by events occurring between the date the Fund elects to demand payment and the date payment is due that may affect the ability of the issuer of the instrument or a third party providing credit support to make payment when due. To facilitate settlement, some demand instruments may be held in book entry form at a bank other than the Fund’s custodian subject to a sub-custodian agreement approved by the Fund between that bank and the Fund’s custodian.

 

Inflation-Indexed Bonds

 

Inflation-indexed bonds are fixed income securities whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the CPI accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.

 

Inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury have maturities of five, ten or twenty years, although it is possible that securities with other maturities will be issued in the future. The U.S. Treasury securities pay interest on a semiannual basis, equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. For example, if a Fund purchased an inflation-indexed bond with a par value of $1,000 and a 3% real rate of return coupon (payable 1.5% semi-annually), and inflation over the first six months were 1%, the mid-year par value of the bond would be $1,010 and the first semi-annual interest payment would be $15.15 ($1,010 times 1.5%). If inflation during the second half of the year resulted in the whole year’s inflation equaling 3%, the end-of-year par value of the bond would be $1,030 and the second semi-annual interest payment would be $15.45 ($1,030 times 1.5%).

 

If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed, and will fluctuate. The Funds may also invest in other inflation related bonds which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal. The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation.

 

 14

 

Money Market Instruments/Securities

 

Each Fund may hold money market instruments, including commercial paper, bankers acceptances, certificates of deposit and other short term debt securities as ancillary liquid assets.

 

Restricted Securities and Securities With Limited Trading Markets (Rule 144A)

 

Each Fund may purchase securities for which there is a limited trading market or which are subject to restrictions on resale to the public. If a Fund were to acquire substantial positions in securities with limited trading markets, the activities of the Fund could have an adverse effect upon the liquidity and marketability of such securities and the Fund might not be able to dispose of its holdings in those securities at then current market prices. Circumstances could also exist (to satisfy redemptions, for example) when portfolio securities might have to be sold by the Fund at times which otherwise might be considered to be disadvantageous so that the Fund might receive lower proceeds from such sales than it had expected to realize. Investments in securities which are “restricted” may involve added expenses to a Fund should the Fund be required to bear registration costs with respect to such securities and could involve delays in disposing of such securities which might have an adverse effect upon the price and timing of sales of such securities and the liquidity of the Fund with respect to redemptions. Restricted securities and securities for which there is a limited trading market may be significantly more difficult to value due to the unavailability of reliable market quotations for such securities, and investment in such securities may have an adverse impact on net asset value. The Funds may purchase Rule 144A securities for which there may be a secondary market of qualified institutional buyers as contemplated by Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”). Liquidity determinations with respect to Rule 144A securities will be made by the Board or by the Adviser pursuant to guidelines established by the Board. A Fund’s holdings of Rule 144A securities which are considered liquid securities will not be subject to the Fund’s applicable limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

 

Each Fund may purchase Rule 144A securities on certain exchanges. These markets provide access to only institutional and highly sophisticated investors. They allow private companies to raise capital without the disclosure requirements of public markets and follow specific SEC rules to avoid certain disclosure requirements. Under these rules, companies are able to sell securities without registering them if the issued securities are limited to qualified institutional buyers (investors with at least $100 million in assets), and there are less than 500 shareholders. The market is run through a proprietary trading system. This system allows the members of the exchange to view bid and ask offers and recent sales. Actual transactions are made through special brokers. Because of the lack of disclosure in these markets, shares are expected to trade at a discount to the equivalent price achievable if the shares were listed on a public market. Companies utilizing these markets however, believe that the ability to avoid disclosure requirements of public markets is more important than receiving the higher price available from a public exchange listing.

 

 15

 

U.S. Government Securities

 

Each Fund may invest without limit in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. government securities in general include a wide variety of U.S. Treasury obligations consisting of bills, notes and bonds, which principally differ only in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance. Securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities are debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities established or sponsored by the U.S. government and may be backed only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality. A Fund will invest in such obligations only where the Adviser is satisfied that the credit risk with respect to the issuer is minimal.

 

Securities issued by the U.S. Treasury generally do not involve the credit risks associated with investments in other types of fixed-income securities, although, as a result, the yields available from these securities are generally lower than the yields available from corporate fixed-income securities. Like other debt securities, however, the values of U.S. government securities change as interest rates fluctuate, which could affect a Fund’s net asset value. Since the magnitude of these fluctuations will generally be greater at times when the Fund’s average maturity is longer, under certain market conditions the Fund may, for temporary defensive purposes, accept lower current income from short-term investments rather than investing in higher yielding long-term securities. Some U.S. Government securities (such as Fannie Maes and Freddie Macs) are guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest by the relevant entity (e.g., FNMA or FHLMC) but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government securities. Therefore, the securities would generally be neither the securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury.

 

Under the direction of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have entered into a joint initiative to develop a common securitization platform for the issuance of a uniform mortgage-backed security (the “Single Security Initiative”), which would generally align the characteristics of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac certificates. As of the date of this prospectus, the Single Security Initiative is expected to launch in June 2019, and the effects it may have on the market for mortgage-backed securities are uncertain.

 

Zero Coupon Securities, Pay-In-Kind Bonds and Deferred Payment Securities

 

Each Fund may invest in zero coupon securities, pay-in-kind bonds and deferred payment securities. Zero coupon securities are debt securities that pay no cash income but are sold at substantial discounts from their value at maturity. When a zero coupon security is held to maturity, its entire return, which consists of the amortization of discount, comes from the difference between its purchase price and its maturity value. This difference is known at the time of purchase, so that investors holding zero coupon securities until maturity know at the time of their investment what the expected return on their investment will be. Zero coupon securities may have conversion features. Each Fund also may purchase pay-in-kind bonds. Pay-in-kind bonds pay all or a portion of their interest in the form of debt or equity securities. Deferred payment securities are securities that remain zero coupon securities until a predetermined date, at which time the stated coupon rate becomes effective and interest becomes payable at regular intervals.

 

 16

 

Zero coupon securities, pay-in-kind bonds and deferred payment securities tend to be subject to greater price fluctuations in response to changes in interest rates than are ordinary interest-paying debt securities with similar maturities. The value of zero coupon securities appreciates more during periods of declining interest rates and depreciates more during periods of rising interest rates than ordinary interest-paying debt securities with similar maturities. Zero coupon securities, pay-in-kind bonds and deferred payment securities may be issued by a wide variety of corporate and governmental issuers. Although these instruments are generally not traded on a national securities exchange, they are widely traded by brokers and dealers and, to such extent, will not generally be considered illiquid for the purposes of a Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

 

Current U.S. federal income tax law requires the holder of a zero coupon security, certain pay-in-kind bonds, deferred payment securities and certain other securities acquired at a discount to accrue income with respect to these securities (known as “original issue discount”) prior to the receipt of cash payments. Accordingly, to avoid liability for federal income and excise taxes, a Fund may be required to distribute income accrued with respect to these securities and may have to dispose of portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances in order to generate cash to satisfy these distribution requirements. Tax legislation enacted in 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”) requires accrual-method taxpayers to recognize items of gross income for tax purposes no later than the year in which the taxpayer recognizes the income for financial accounting purposes. For financial accounting purposes, original issue discount must be recognized over the expected or contractual life of the instrument. It is possible that regulations under the 2017 Tax Act will require the acceleration of recognition of original issue discount by a Fund for federal income tax purposes for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018.

 

OTHER PRACTICES

 

Borrowing

 

Neither Fund will use leverage or borrow for investment purposes. Each Fund may borrow up to 10% of its net assets for short term cash flow purposes to meet any redemption requests. Borrowing creates an opportunity for increased return, but, at the same time, creates special risks. Furthermore, if a Fund were to engage in borrowing, an increase in interest rates could reduce the value of the Fund’s shares by increasing the Fund’s interest expense.

 

Subject to the limitations described under “Investment Limitations” below, each Fund may be permitted to borrow for temporary purposes. Such a practice will result in leveraging of the Fund’s assets and may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so. This borrowing may be secured or unsecured. Provisions of the 1940 Act require each Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets made for temporary administrative purposes. Any borrowings for temporary administrative purposes in excess of 5% of a Fund’s total assets will count against this asset coverage requirement. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, a Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint if the Fund sells securities at that time. Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of a Fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs which may or may not be recovered by appreciation of the securities purchased, if any. Each Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowings or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

 

 17

 

Depositary Receipts

 

Depositary receipts include sponsored and unsponsored Depositary receipts that are or become available, including American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and other depositary receipts. Depositary receipts are typically issued by a financial institution (“Depositary”) and evidence ownership interests in a security or a pool of securities (“underlying securities”) that have been deposited with the depositary. The depositary for ADRs is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. ADRs are publicly traded on exchanges or OTC in the United States and are issued through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” arrangements. In a sponsored ADR arrangement, the non-U.S. issuer assumes the obligation to pay some or all of the depositary’s transaction fees, whereas under an unsponsored arrangement, the non-U.S. issuer assumes no obligation and the depositary’s transaction fees are paid by the ADR holders. In addition, less information is available in the United States about an unsponsored ADR than about a sponsored ADR, and the financial information about a company may not be as reliable for an unsponsored ADR as it is for a sponsored ADR. In the case of GDRs, the depositary can be a non-U.S. or a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. GDRs allow companies in Europe, Asia, the United States and Latin America to offer shares in many markets around the world, thus allowing them to raise capital in these markets, as opposed to just in their home market. The advantage of GDRs is that shares do not have to be bought through the issuing company’s home exchange, which may be difficult and expensive, but can be bought on all major stock exchanges. In addition, the share price and all dividends are converted to the shareholder’s home currency. As for other depositary receipts, the depositary may be a non-U.S. or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may have a non-U.S. or a U.S. issuer. For purposes of each Fund’s investment policies, investments in depositary receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities. Thus, a depositary receipt representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock. Depositary receipts purchased by a Fund may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted, in which case the Fund may be exposed to relative currency fluctuations.

 

Illiquid Securities

 

Each Fund may invest up to 10% of the value of its net assets in illiquid securities. The term “illiquid securities” for this purpose means securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the securities. Illiquid securities are considered to include, among other things, written OTC options, securities or other liquid assets being used as cover for such options, repurchase agreements with maturities in excess of seven days, certain loan participation interests, fixed time deposits which are not subject to prepayment or provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits), and other securities whose disposition is restricted under the federal securities laws.

 

 18

 

To the extent that liquid assignments and loan participations that a Fund holds become illiquid due to the lack of sufficient buyers or market or other conditions, the percentage of the Fund’s assets invested in illiquid assets would increase. The Adviser, under the supervision of the Board, monitors Fund investments in assignments and loan participations and will, in such a case, consider appropriate measures to enable each Fund to maintain sufficient liquidity for operating purposes and to meet redemption requests.

 

Repurchase Agreements

 

Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which the seller of a security commits itself at the time of sale to repurchase that security from the buyer at a mutually agreed upon time and price. The resale price is in excess of the purchase price and reflects an agreed-upon market interest rate unrelated to the coupon rate on the purchased security. Such transactions afford a Fund the opportunity to earn a return on temporarily available cash at relatively low market risk. The Adviser monitors the value of the securities underlying the repurchase agreement at the time the transaction is entered into and at all times during the term of the repurchase agreement to ensure that the value of the securities always equals or exceeds the repurchase price. The Fund requires that additional securities be deposited if the value of the securities purchased decreases below their resale price and does not bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under the repurchase obligation.

 

While the underlying security may be a bill, certificate of indebtedness, note or bond issued by an agency, authority or instrumentality of the U.S. government, the obligation of the seller is not guaranteed by the U.S. government and there is a risk that the seller may fail to repurchase the underlying security. In such event, the Fund would attempt to exercise rights with respect to the underlying security, including possible disposition in the market. However, the Fund may be subject to various delays and risks of loss, including (i) possible declines in the value of the underlying security during the period while the Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto, (ii) possible reduced levels of income and lack of access to income during this period, and (iii) inability to enforce rights and the expenses involved in the attempted enforcement.

 

Repurchase agreements with maturities of more than seven days will be treated as illiquid securities.

 

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

 

Each Fund may enter into “reverse” repurchase agreements to avoid selling securities during unfavorable market conditions to meet redemptions. Pursuant to a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund will sell portfolio securities and agree to repurchase them from the buyer at a particular date and price. Whenever a Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will establish a segregated account in which it will maintain liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the repurchase price marked to market daily (including accrued interest), and will subsequently monitor the account to ensure that such equivalent value is maintained. A Fund pays interest on amounts obtained pursuant to reverse repurchase agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings by a Fund.

 

 19

 

INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS

 

Fundamental Investment Limitations

 

The following is a description of the Funds’ fundamental investment restrictions. “Fundamental” restrictions are those that may not be changed without the vote of a majority of a Fund’s outstanding voting securities. Under the 1940 Act, the vote of a majority of the outstanding securities of a company means the vote, at the annual or a special meeting of the security holders of such company duly called: (A) of 67 percent or more of the voting securities present at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting securities of such company are present or represented by proxy; or (B) of more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting securities of such company, whichever is less.

 

In contrast, non-fundamental investment restrictions (which include the Fund’s investment objective and each of the other investment restrictions set forth in the Prospectus or this SAI) may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

 

The percentages set forth below and the percentage limitations set forth in the Prospectus apply at the time of the purchase of a security and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of a purchase of such security.

 

For purposes of the fundamental restrictions set forth below, “total assets” means net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

Each Fund may not:

 

(1) Purchase securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry (excluding the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities);

 

(2) Borrow money, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act;

 

(3) Make loans, except that the Fund may purchase or hold debt instruments in accordance with their investment objectives and policies; provided however, this restriction does not apply to repurchase agreements or loans of portfolio securities;

 

(4) Act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers except that, in the disposition of portfolio securities, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under the federal securities laws;

 

(5) Purchase or sell real estate, although the Fund may purchase securities of issuers which deal in real estate, securities which are secured by interests in real estate, and securities which represent interests in real estate, and they may acquire and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of their rights as a holder of debt obligations secured by real estate or interests therein;

 

 20

 

(6) Purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and options, may enter into foreign exchange contracts and may enter into swap agreements and other financial transactions not requiring the delivery of physical commodities; or

 

(7) Issue senior securities, except for permitted borrowings or as otherwise permitted under the 1940 Act.

 

Each Fund’s industry classification system may be adjusted or changed from time to time (for example, if a 3rd party industry classification system is discontinued) without shareholder approval if determined to be in the best interests of shareholders, and further provided that the practical effect of such change does not result in a material amendment to the Fund’s fundamental investment limitation. Restrictions (2) and (7) above shall be interpreted based upon no-action letters and other pronouncements of the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Under current pronouncements, certain Fund positions may be excluded from the definition of “senior security” so long as the Fund maintains adequate cover, segregation of assets or otherwise. See “Borrowing” above.

 

Non-Fundamental Investment Limitations

 

In addition, it is contrary to each Fund’s present policy, which may be changed without shareholder vote, to purchase any illiquid security, including any securities whose disposition is restricted under federal securities laws and securities that are not readily marketable, if, as a result, more than 10% of that Fund’s net assets (based on then-current value) would then be invested in such securities. The staff of the SEC is presently of the view that repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days are subject to this restriction. Until that position is revised, modified or rescinded, each Fund will conduct its operations in a manner consistent with this view. This limitation on investment in illiquid securities does not apply to certain restricted securities, including securities pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and certain commercial paper, that the Adviser has determined to be liquid under procedures approved by the Board.

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

 

Purchases and sales of portfolio securities may be made as considered advisable by the Adviser in the best interests of the shareholders. Each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. Each Fund’s distributions of any net short-term capital gains realized from portfolio transactions are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In addition, higher portfolio turnover rates can result in corresponding increases in portfolio transaction costs for a Fund. See “Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage” in this SAI.

 

For reporting purposes, each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the fiscal year. In determining such portfolio turnover, all securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less are excluded. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur, for example, if all of the securities in a Fund’s investment portfolio (other than short-term money market securities) were replaced once during the fiscal year. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor should the Adviser deem it advisable to purchase or sell securities.

 

 21

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

Policy Statement

 

This Policy sets forth the conditions under which Portfolio Holdings data for Financial Investors Trust (the “Trust”) on behalf of each Fund of the Trust (collectively the “Funds” and each, a “Fund”) may be disclosed to Third Parties (which may include the public) and Service Providers. No data about the Funds may be disclosed except in accordance with this Policy.

 

Portfolio Holdings data includes, but is not limited to, the following information about the Funds: (i) specific securities held; (ii) industry sector breakdowns as a percentage of portfolio net assets; (iii) asset composition (e.g., equities versus bonds); (iv) U.S. versus foreign holdings percentage breakdowns and regional breakdowns (e.g., Asia, North America); and (v) top 10 portfolio holdings in order of position size, including percentage of portfolio.

 

“Third Parties” or a “Third Party” means a person other than a Service Provider, an employee of a Service Provider, a Trustee of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, or an officer of the Funds.

 

“Service Providers” or a “Service Provider” includes, but is not limited to, the investment adviser, sub-adviser, administrator, custodian, transfer agent, fund accountant, principal underwriter, software or technology service providers, pricing and proxy voting service providers, research and trading service providers, auditors, accountants, and legal counsel, or any other entity that has a need to know such information in order to fulfill their contractual obligations to provide services to the Funds.

 

Policy Overview

 

The Board has adopted, on behalf of the Funds, policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Portfolio Holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to protect the confidentiality of the Portfolio Holdings’ information and to prevent the selective disclosure of such information. These policies and procedures may be modified at any time with the approval of the Board.

 

In order to protect the Funds from any trading practices or other use by a Third Party that could harm the Funds, Portfolio Holdings’ and other Fund-specific information must not be selectively released or disclosed except under the circumstances described below.

 

The Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) will periodically review the list of entities that have received, other than through public channels, Portfolio Holdings data, to ensure that the disclosure of the information was in the best interest of shareholders, identify any potential for conflicts of interest and evaluate the effectiveness of its current portfolio holding policy.

 

 22

 

Only officers of the Funds and their authorized agents, including, but not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer of the investment adviser or sub-adviser, may approve the disclosure of a Fund’s Portfolio Holdings. Except as set forth under “Policy Exceptions” below, exceptions to this Policy may only be made if an officer of a Fund and its authorized agents, including, but not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer of the investment adviser, determines that the disclosure is being made for a legitimate business purpose and such disclosures must be documented and reported to the Board on a quarterly basis. In all cases, Third Parties and Service Providers are required to execute a non-disclosure agreement requiring the recipient to keep confidential any Portfolio Holdings data received and not to trade on the Confidential Portfolio Information (defined below) received. Neither the Trust nor its Service Providers (nor any persons affiliated with either) can receive any compensation or other consideration in connection with the sharing of a Fund’s Portfolio Holdings.

 

The identity of such entities is provided below:

 

Name of Recipient

Frequency of Holdings

Disclosure

Information

Lag

Date of

Information

Date Provided

to Recipients

Vulcan Value Partners, LLC

(Adviser)

Daily None Daily Daily

ALPS Fund Services, Inc.

(Administrator)

Daily None Daily Daily

Bank of New York Mellon

(Custodian)

Daily None Daily Daily

Deloitte & Touche LLP

(Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm)

As needed None As needed As needed

Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP

(Counsel)

As needed None As needed As needed

 

Disclosure of the Portfolio Holdings’ information that is not publicly available (“Confidential Portfolio Information”) may be made to Service Providers. In addition, to the extent permitted under applicable law, the investment adviser or sub-adviser may distribute (or authorize the custodian or principal underwriter to distribute) Confidential Portfolio Information to the Fund’s relevant Service Providers and to facilitate the review of the Funds by certain mutual fund analysts and ratings agencies (such as Morningstar and Lipper Analytical Services) (“Rating Agencies”); provided that such disclosure is limited to the information that the investment adviser or sub-adviser believes is reasonably necessary in connection with the services to be provided. As noted above, except to the extent permitted under this Policy, Confidential Portfolio Information may not be disseminated for compensation or other consideration.

 

 23

 

Before any disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information to Service Providers or Rating Agencies is permitted, the Fund’s investment adviser’s or the sub-adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer (or persons designated by the investment adviser’s or the sub-adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer) must determine in writing that, under the circumstances, the disclosure is being made for a legitimate business purpose. Furthermore, the recipient of Confidential Portfolio Information by a Service Provider or Rating Agency must be subject to a written confidentiality agreement that prohibits any trading upon the Confidential Portfolio Information or the recipient must be subject to professional or ethical obligations not to disclose or otherwise improperly use the information, such as would apply to independent registered public accounting firms or legal counsel.

 

The applicable Fund’s investment adviser or sub-adviser shall have primary responsibility for ensuring that the Portfolio Holdings’ information is disclosed only in accordance with this Policy. As part of this responsibility, the applicable Fund’s investment adviser or sub-adviser will maintain such internal policies and procedures as it believes are reasonably necessary for preventing the unauthorized disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information.

 

Full Portfolio Holdings

 

The Funds currently authorize quarterly dissemination of full portfolio holdings of a Fund with a thirty (30) calendar day lag. In addition, except as set forth in this Policy, including Appendix A hereto, the full holdings of a Fund will be disclosed on a quarterly basis on forms required to be filed with the SEC as follows: (i) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of each fiscal year will be filed as part of the annual report filed on Form N-CSR; (ii) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of the first and third fiscal quarters will be filed in Form N-Q; and (iii) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of the second fiscal quarter will be filed as part of the semi-annual report filed on Form N-CSR. Form N-Q is being rescinded. Once Form N-Q is rescinded, disclosure of the Fund’s complete holdings will be required to be made monthly on Form N-PORT no later than 60 days after the end of each month, with information reported on Form N-PORT for the third month of the fiscal quarter made publicly available by the SEC 60 days after the end of the Fund’s fiscal quarter. The Trust’s Form N-CSRs and Form N-Qs are available (and the Trust’s Form N-PORTs will be available) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

Partial Portfolio Holdings

 

Except as set forth in this Policy, partial Portfolio Holdings information will only be provided to third Parties for the most recent month-end period and only after a thirty (30) calendar day delay from the end of the month being provided. These holdings may include any combination of the Portfolio Holdings information, except for full Portfolio Holdings.

 

Policy Exceptions

 

The following disclosures of Portfolio Holdings are not prohibited by this Policy:

 

Disclosures that are required by law;
Disclosures necessary for Service Providers (defined above);

 

 24

 

Disclosure necessary for Rating Agencies to assess applicable fund ratings.

Disclosures necessary to broker-dealers or banks as part of the normal buying, selling, shorting, or other transactions in portfolio securities

Disclosures to the Fund’s or Service Providers’ regulatory authorities, accountants, or counsel;

Disclosures to the adviser of the Fund of compiled data concerning accounts managed by the adviser; or

Any portfolio holdings that precede a full public disclosure (e.g., portfolio holdings that are dated prior to the most recent quarterly disclosure) are not considered to be sensitive, proprietary information of the Fund, and therefore are not subject to the aforementioned disclosure policies.

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

 

Investment Decisions and Portfolio Transactions

 

Investment decisions for each Fund are made with a view to achieving its investment objectives. Investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular client involved (including the Fund). Some securities considered for investment by the Fund may also be appropriate for other clients served by the Adviser. Thus, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. If a purchase or sale of securities consistent with the investment policies of a Fund and one or more of these clients is considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities will be allocated among such Fund and clients in a manner deemed fair and reasonable by the Adviser. Particularly when investing in less liquid or illiquid securities, such allocation may take into account the asset size of a Fund in determining whether the allocation of an investment is suitable. The Adviser may aggregate orders for a Fund with simultaneous transactions entered into on behalf of its other clients so long as price and transaction expenses are averaged either for the portfolio transaction or for that day. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the security. In some instances, one client may sell a particular security to another client. It also sometimes happens that two or more clients simultaneously purchase or sell the same security, in which event each day’s transactions in such security are, insofar as possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which in the Adviser’s opinion is equitable to each and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each. There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more clients will have an adverse effect on other clients, including either Fund.

 

Brokerage and Research Services

 

The Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities, options and futures contracts and buys and sells such securities, options and futures for each Fund through a substantial number of brokers and dealers. In so doing, the Adviser uses its best efforts to obtain for the Funds the most favorable price and execution available, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions as described below. In seeking the most favorable price and execution, the Adviser, having in mind each Fund’s best interests, considers all factors it deems relevant, including, by way of illustration, price, the size of the transaction, the nature of the market for the security, the amount of the commission, the timing of the transaction taking into account market prices and trends, the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker-dealer involved and the quality of service rendered by the broker-dealer in that or other transactions.

 

 25

 

The Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio investments for each Fund’s accounts with brokers or dealers selected by it in its discretion. In effecting purchases and sales of portfolio securities for the accounts of the Funds, the Adviser will seek the best price and execution of each Fund’s orders. In doing so, a Fund may pay higher commission rates than the lowest available when the Adviser believes it is reasonable to do so in light of the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker effecting the transaction, as discussed below. Although a Fund may use a broker-dealer that sells Fund shares to effect transactions for the Fund’s portfolios, the Fund will not consider the sale of Fund shares as a factor when selecting broker-dealers to execute those transactions.

 

There is generally no stated commission in the case of fixed-income securities and other securities traded on a principal basis in the OTC markets, but the price paid by a Fund usually includes an undisclosed dealer commission or markup. In underwritten offerings, the price paid by a Fund includes a disclosed, fixed commission or discount retained by the underwriter or dealer. Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges and other agency transactions involve the payment by the Fund of negotiated brokerage commissions. Such commissions vary among different brokers. Also, a particular broker may charge different commissions according to such factors as the difficulty and size of the transaction. Transactions in non-U.S. securities generally involve the payment of fixed brokerage commissions, which are generally higher than those in the United States. The purchase by a Fund of participations or assignments may be pursuant to privately negotiated transactions pursuant to which the Fund may be required to pay fees to the seller or forego a portion of payments in respect of the participation agreement.

 

Advisers or subadvisers of investment companies and other institutional investors from time to time receive research and brokerage products and services (together, “services”) from broker-dealers which execute portfolio transactions for the clients of such advisers. Consistent with this practice, the Adviser receives services from many broker-dealers with which the Adviser places the Funds’ portfolio transactions. These services, which in some cases may also be purchased for cash, may include, among other things, such items as general economic and security market reviews, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities, recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities, and services related to the execution of securities transactions. The advisory fees paid by a Fund is not reduced because the Adviser receives such services even though the receipt of such services relieves the Adviser from expenses it might otherwise bear. Research and brokerage services provided by broker-dealers chosen by the Adviser to place a Fund’s portfolio transactions may be useful to the Adviser in providing services to the Adviser’s other clients, although not all of these services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser in managing the Funds. Conversely, research and brokerage services provided to the Adviser by broker-dealers in connection with trades executed on behalf of other clients of the Adviser may be useful to the Adviser in managing the Funds, although not all of these services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser in managing such other clients.

 

 26

 

In reliance on the “safe harbor” provided by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), an Adviser may cause either Fund to pay a broker-dealer which provides “brokerage and research services” (as defined for purposes of Section 28(e)) to the Adviser an amount of commission for effecting a securities transaction for the Fund in excess of the commission which another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the Adviser determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker-dealer viewed in terms of either a particular transaction or the Adviser’s overall responsibilities to the advisory accounts for which it exercises investment discretion.

 

The Adviser may place orders for the purchase and sale of exchange-listed portfolio securities with a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser where, in the judgment of the Adviser, such firm will be able to obtain a price and execution at least as favorable as other qualified broker-dealers. Pursuant to rules of the SEC, a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser may receive and retain compensation for effecting portfolio transactions for a Fund on a securities exchange if the commissions paid to such an affiliated broker-dealer by the Fund on exchange transactions do not exceed “usual and customary brokerage commissions.” The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” As required by applicable SEC rules, the Board has adopted procedures which are reasonably designed to provide that any commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to an affiliated broker are consistent with the foregoing standards.

 

The table below shows the brokerage commissions paid by each Fund for the periods indicated:

 

 

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2017

Vulcan Value Partners Fund $733,869 $935,289 $1,269,871
Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund $2,018,225 $1,878,944 $1,660,085

 

For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, April 30, 2018 and April 30, 2017, neither Fund had any transactions identified for execution primarily on the basis of research and other services provided to the Funds and therefore no related commissions.

 

For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, April 30, 2018 and April 30, 2017, neither Fund directed any trades to an affiliated broker/dealer.

 

Each Fund may acquire securities of brokers who execute the Fund’s portfolio transactions. As of April 30, 2019, each Fund owned securities of their regular broker-dealers (or parents) as shown below: 

 

 27

 

Fund Name

Name of

Broker-Dealer

Market Value of
Securities Owned
Vulcan Value Partners Fund N/A N/A
Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund N/A N/A

 

PURCHASE, EXCHANGE & REDEMPTION OF SHARES

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”) will maintain an account for each shareholder upon which the registration and transfer of shares are recorded, and any transfers shall be reflected by bookkeeping entry, without physical delivery. Confirmations of each purchase, exchange or redemption are sent to each shareholder. Quarterly statements of account are sent which include shares purchased as a result of a reinvestment of Fund distributions. The Transfer Agent will require that a shareholder provide requests in writing, accompanied by a valid signature guarantee form, when changing certain information in an account (i.e., wiring instructions, telephone privileges, etc.).

 

Effective as of the close of business on November 29, 2013 and June 1, 2015, the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund and the Vulcan Value Partners Fund respectively, (the “Vulcan Funds”), are closed to new investors, except for new investors who are employees of the Adviser and as described below. This change will affect new investors seeking to purchase shares of the Vulcan Funds either directly or through third party intermediaries. Existing shareholders of the Vulcan Funds may continue to purchase additional shares of the Vulcan Funds.

 

•     A financial advisor whose clients have established accounts in the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund as of November 29, 2013 may continue to open new accounts in the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund for any of its existing or new clients.

 

•     Existing or new participants in a qualified retirement plan, such as a 401(k) plan, profit sharing plan, 403(b) plan or 457 plan, which has an existing position in the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund as of November 29, 2013, may continue to open new accounts in the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund. In addition, if such qualified retirement plans have a related retirement plan formed in the future, this plan may also open new accounts in the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund.

 

•     A financial advisor whose clients have established accounts in the Vulcan Value Partners Fund as of June 1, 2015 may continue to open new accounts in the Vulcan Value Partners Fund for any of its existing or new clients.

 

•     Existing or new participants in a qualified retirement plan, such as a 401(k) plan, profit sharing plan, 403(b) plan or 457 plan, which has an existing position in the Vulcan Value Partners Fund as of June 1, 2015, may continue to open new accounts in the Vulcan Value Partners Fund. In addition, if such qualified retirement plans have a related retirement plan formed in the future, this plan may also open new accounts in the Vulcan Value Partners Fund.

 

 28

 

The Fund retains the right to make exceptions to any action taken to close the Vulcan Funds or limit inflows into the Vulcan Funds.

 

Share Classes

 

Each Fund currently offers two classes of shares: Investor Class and Institutional Class shares.

 

The minimum initial and subsequent investment in each Fund is set forth in the Prospectus.

 

Subsequent investments may be made at any time by mailing a check to a Fund’s Transfer Agent, along with a letter providing the account number. Shareholders should be sure to write the Fund’s account number on the check. Purchases of Fund shares (initial or subsequent) may not be made by third party check.

 

Shares of either Fund may be purchased on any business day at the net asset value per share next determined after receipt of a purchase order. Share certificates will not be issued. Share purchase orders are effective on the date a Fund receives a completed Account Application Form (and other required documents) and federal funds become available.

 

Initial and subsequent investments may also be made by wire transfer. Shareholders should note that their bank may charge a fee in connection with transferring money by bank wire.

 

For a share purchase order for a Fund to become effective on a particular business day, prior to 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time): (i) in the case of a wire transfer payment, a purchaser must call 877.421.5078 to inform the Transfer Agent of an incoming wire transfer; or (ii) in the case of payment by check or money order, a complete share purchase order must be actually received by the Transfer Agent, and, in either case, federal funds must be received by the Transfer Agent, on behalf of the Fund. If federal funds are received by the Transfer Agent that same day, the order will be effective on that day. If the Fund receives notification of a wire transfer or a complete share purchase order after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time), or if federal funds are not received by the Transfer Agent, such purchase order shall be executed as of the date that federal funds are actually received.

 

The price of each Fund’s shares and the valuation of Fund assets are discussed in “Net Asset Value.”

 

Exchanging Shares

 

If you have held all or part of your shares in a Fund for at least seven days, you may exchange those shares for shares of the other Fund if such Fund is available for sale in your state and meets the investment criteria of the investor.

 

If you are an existing shareholder of either Fund, you may exchange into a new account copying your existing account registration and options. Exchanges between accounts will be accepted only if registrations are identical.

 

 29

 

Exchanges must meet the minimum investment requirements described in the Prospectus. You may also transfer between classes of a Fund if you meet the minimum investment requirements for the class into which you would like to transfer.

 

Before effecting an exchange, you should read the Prospectus.

 

An exchange represents the sale of shares from one Fund and the purchase of shares of the other Fund. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, this may produce a taxable gain or loss in your non-tax-advantaged account. If you exchange shares within 90 calendar days from their date of purchase, you may be subject to the redemption fee as described in this SAI in “Redemption Fees” below. Transfers between classes of the same Fund are generally not considered a taxable transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but may result in tax reporting obligations.

 

The exchange privilege may be modified or terminated upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to shareholders. Although initially there will be no limit on the number of times you may exercise the exchange privilege, each Fund reserves the right to impose such a limitation. Call or write each Fund for further details.

 

Redemption of Shares

 

If the Board determines that it is in the best interests of the remaining shareholders of the Fund, a Fund may pay the redemption price in whole, or in part, by a distribution in kind from the Fund, in lieu of cash, taking such securities at their value employed for determining such redemption price, and selecting the securities in such manner as such Board may deem fair and equitable. A shareholder who receives a distribution in kind may incur a brokerage commission upon a later disposition of such securities and may receive less than the redemption value of such securities or property upon sale, particularly where such securities are sold prior to maturity. However, each Fund is required to redeem shares solely for cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the NAV of the Fund during any 90-day period for any one shareholder. Should redemptions by any shareholder exceed such limitation, the Fund will have the option of redeeming the excess in cash or in-kind. Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption.

 

Under the 1940 Act, either Fund may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for any period: (i) during which the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (ii) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; or (iii) during which (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or for such other periods as the SEC may permit. A Fund may also suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of its shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions.

 

Redemption Procedures. A Fund will redeem all full and fractional shares of the Fund upon request on any business day at the applicable net asset value determined after the receipt of proper redemption instructions, less any applicable redemption fees. Shareholders liquidating their holdings will receive upon redemption all dividends reinvested through the date of redemption. If notice of redemption is received on any business day, the redemption will be effective on the date of receipt. Payment will ordinarily be made on the next business day, but, in any case, within no more than seven business days from the date of receipt. If the notice is received on a day that is not a business day or after the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE, the redemption notice will be deemed received as of the next business day. The value of shares at the time of redemption may be more or less than the shareholder’s cost.

 

 30

 

No redemption requests will be processed until the Fund has received a completed purchase application, and no redemption of shares purchased by check will be made until all checks received for such shares have been collected, which may take up to 10 days or more.

 

Redemption Fees. If you sell or exchange your shares after holding them 90 days or less, a 2% short-term redemption fee may be deducted from the redemption amount. For this purpose, shares held longest will be treated as being redeemed first and shares held shortest as being redeemed last. The fees are paid to the applicable Fund, and are designed to help offset the brokerage commissions, market impact, and other costs associated with short-term shareholder trading.

 

The short-term redemption fee does not apply to: (i) redemptions of shares acquired by reinvesting dividends and distributions; (ii) rollovers, transfers, and changes of account registration within a Fund as long as the money never leaves the fund; and (iii) redemptions in kind.

 

Each Fund also permits waivers of the short-term redemption fee for the following transactions:

 

Redemptions due to small balance maintenance fees;

Redemptions related to death or due to a divorce decree;

Certain types of IRA account transactions, including: redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, withdrawals due to disability, return of excess contribution amounts, and redemptions related to payment of custodian fees; and

Certain types of employer-sponsored and 403(b) retirement plan transactions, including: loans or hardship withdrawals, minimum required distributions, redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, forfeiture of assets, return of excess contribution amounts, redemptions related to payment of plan fees and redemptions related to death, disability or qualified domestic relations order.

 

The application of short-term redemption fees and waivers may vary among intermediaries and certain intermediaries may not apply the waivers listed above. If you purchase or sell fund shares through an intermediary, you should contact your intermediary for more information on whether the short-term redemption fee will be applied to redemptions of your shares.

 

Each Fund reserves the right to modify or eliminate the short-term redemption fee or waivers at any time. Investment advisers or their affiliates may pay short-term redemption fees on behalf of investors in managed accounts. Unitized group accounts consisting of qualified plan assets may be treated as a single account for redemption fee purposes.

 

 31

 

There is no guarantee that the Trust will be successful in its efforts to enforce its redemption/exchange fee.

 

Redemption By Mail. Shares may be redeemed by mail by submitting a written request from the registered owner(s) signed exactly as shares are registered. A medallion signature guarantee by an acceptable guarantor is required to redeem amounts greater than $50,000 or to have proceeds sent to an address other than the address of record. The Transfer Agent has adopted standards and procedures pursuant to which medallion signature guarantees in proper form generally will be accepted from domestic banks, brokers, dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations, as well as from participants in the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program, the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (“STAMP”) and the Stock Exchanges Medallion Program. Shareholders with any questions regarding medallion signature guarantees should contact the Transfer Agent.

 

In certain instances, the Transfer Agent may require additional documents such as, but not limited to, trust instruments, death certificates, appointments as executor or administrator or certificates of corporate authority.

 

Checks for redemption proceeds will be mailed to the address of record within seven days of redemption.

 

Redemption By Wire. If redemption by wire has been elected in the Account Application, shares may be redeemed on any business day upon request made by telephone or letter. A shareholder or any authorized agent (so designated on the Account Application Form) must provide the Transfer Agent with the dollar or share amount to be redeemed, the account to which the redemption proceeds should be wired, the name of the shareholder and the shareholder’s account number. Shareholders should note that their bank may charge a fee in connection with transferring money by wire.

 

A shareholder may change its authorized agent, the address of record or the account designated to receive redemption proceeds at any time by providing the Transfer Agent with written instructions and a medallion signature guaranteed as described above.

 

Telephone Redemption. A shareholder may request redemption by calling the Transfer Agent at 877.421.5078. Proceeds from telephone redemptions will be forwarded to the shareholder by check unless the shareholder has requested redemption by wire in the manner described above under “Redemption by Wire.” The check will be made only payable to the registered shareholder and sent to the address of record on file with the Transfer Agent. Each Fund reserves the right to refuse a telephone request for redemption if it is believed advisable to do so. Procedures for redeeming shares by telephone may be modified or terminated at any time by a Fund. Neither the Fund nor the Transfer Agent will be liable for following redemption instructions received by telephone which are reasonably believed to be genuine, and the shareholder will bear the risk of loss in the event of unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. Each Fund will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. The Fund and/or the Transfer Agent may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions if they do not follow such procedures. Each Fund may require personal identification codes.

 

 32

 

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

The business and affairs of each Fund are managed under the direction of its Board. The Board approves all significant agreements between the Trust on behalf of a Fund and the persons or companies that furnish services to the Fund, including agreements with its distributor, Adviser, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. The day-to-day operations of each Fund are delegated to the Fund’s Adviser and administrator.

 

The name, address, year of birth and principal occupations for the past five years of the Trustees and officers of the Trust are listed below, along with the number of portfolios in the Fund complex overseen by and the other directorships held by each Trustee.

 

INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES

 

Name,

Address*

& Year of
Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund 

Term of

Office** and

Length of

Time

Served

Principal

Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years*** 

Number
of 

Funds in

Fund

Complex 

Overseen

by
Trustee

****

Other

Directorships

Held by 

Trustee During Past 5

Years***

Mary K. Anstine,

1940

 

Trustee and Chairman Ms. Anstine was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on March 21, 1997 and re-elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Ms. Anstine was appointed Chairman of the Board at the June 6, 2017 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Anstine was formerly an Executive Vice President of First Interstate Bank of Denver until 1994, President/Chief Executive Officer of HealthONE Alliance, Denver, Colorado, from 1994 to 2004, and has been retired since 2004. Ms. Anstine is also Trustee/Director of AV Hunter Trust and Colorado Uplift Board. Ms. Anstine was formerly a Director of the Trust Bank of Colorado (later purchased and now known as Northern Trust Bank), HealthONE and Denver Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America, and a member of the American Bankers Association Trust Executive Committee. 31 Ms. Anstine is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); ALPS Variable Investment Trust (9 funds); Reaves Utility Income Fund (1 fund); and Segall Bryant & Hamill Trust (14 funds).

 

 33

 

Name,

Address*

& Year of
Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund 

Term of

Office** and

Length of

Time

Served

Principal

Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years*** 

Number
of 

Funds in

Fund

Complex 

Overseen

by
Trustee

****

Other

Directorships

Held by 

Trustee During Past 5

Years***

Jeremy W. Deems,

1976

 

Trustee Mr. Deems was appointed as a Trustee at the March 11, 2008 meeting of the Board of Trustees and elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Deems is the Co-Founder, Chief Operations Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Green Alpha Advisors, LLC, a registered investment advisor, and Co-Portfolio Manager of the Shelton Green Alpha Fund. Prior to joining Green Alpha Advisors, Mr. Deems was CFO and Treasurer of Forward Management, LLC, ReFlow Management Co., LLC, ReFlow Fund, LLC, a private investment fund, and Sutton Place Management, LLC, an administrative services company, from 1998 to June 2007. From 2004 to 2005, Mr. Deems also served as Treasurer of the Forward Funds and the Sierra Club Funds. 31 Mr. Deems is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); ALPS Variable Investment Trust (9 funds); Clough Funds Trust (1 fund); and Reaves Utility Income Fund (1 fund).

Jerry G. Rutledge,

1944

 

Trustee Mr. Rutledge was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Rutledge is the President and owner of Rutledge’s Inc., a retail clothing business. Mr. Rutledge is currently Director of the American National Bank. He was from 1994 to 2007 a Regent of the University of Colorado. 31 Mr. Rutledge is a Trustee of Principal Real Estate Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Equity Fund (1 fund); and Clough Global Opportunities Fund (1 fund).

Michael “Ross” Shell ,

1970

 

Trustee Mr. Shell was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Shell is Founder and CEO of Red Idea, LLC, a strategic consulting/early stage venture firm (since June 2008). From 1999 to 2009, he was a part-owner and Director of Tesser, Inc., a brand agency. From December 2005 to May 2008, he was Director, Marketing and Investor Relations, of Woodbourne, a REIT/real estate hedge fund and private equity firm. Prior to this, from May 2004 to November 2005, he worked as a business strategy consultant; from June 2003 to April 2004, he was on the Global Client Services team of IDEO, a product design/innovation firm; and from 1999 to 2003, he was President of Tesser, Inc. Mr. Shell graduated with honors from Stanford University with a degree in Political Science. 31 None.

 

 34

 

INTERESTED TRUSTEE

 

Name,

Address*
&

Year of
Birth 

Position(s) 

Held with

Fund

Term of Office**

and Length of

Time Served

Principal

Occupation(s)

During Past 5

Years***

Number
of

Funds in 

Fund

Complex

Overseen
by

Trustee ****

Other 

Directorships

Held by 

Trustee During Past 5
Years*** 

Edmund J. Burke,

1961

 

Trustee Mr. Burke was elected as Trustee at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Burke joined ALPS in 1991 and served as the President and Director of ALPS Holdings, Inc., and ALPS Advisors, Inc., and Director of ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (“ALPS”), and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. (collectively, the “ALPS Companies”). Mr. Burke retired from the ALPS Companies in June 2019. Mr. Burke is deemed an interested Trustee by virtue of his prior positions with the ALPS Companies. 31 Mr. Burke is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Equity Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Opportunities Fund (1 fund); Clough Funds Trust (1 fund); Liberty All-Star Equity Fund (1 fund); and Director of the Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc. (1 fund).

 

OFFICERS

 

Name, Address* &

Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of

Office** and

Length of

Time Served

Principal Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years***

Bradley J. Swenson,

1972

President Mr. Swenson was elected President of the Trust at the June 11 – 12, 2019 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Mr. Swenson joined ALPS in 2004 and has served as its President since June 2019. In this role, he serves as an officer to certain other closed-end and open-end investment companies. He previously served as the Chief Operating Officer of ALPS (2015-2019). Mr. Swenson also previously served as Chief Compliance Officer to ALPS, its affiliated entities, and to certain ETF, closed-end and open-end investment companies (2004-2015). Because of his position with ALPS, Mr. Swenson is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act.

Kimberly R. Storms,

1972

Treasurer Ms. Storms was elected Treasurer of the Trust at the March 12, 2013 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Storms is Senior Vice President - Director of Fund Administration of ALPS. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Storms is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Storms is also Treasurer of Liberty All-Star Equity Fund, Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc., and ALPS Series Trust. Ms. Storms also serves as a Board member and Treasurer of The Center for Trauma & Resilience, a nonprofit agency.

Karen S. Gilomen,

1970

Secretary Ms. Gilomen was elected Secretary of the Trust at the December 13, 2016 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Gilomen joined ALPS in August 2016 as Vice President and Senior Counsel. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Gilomen was Vice President - General Counsel & CCO of Monticello Associates, Inc. from 2010 to 2016. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Gilomen is deemed an affiliate of the Trust, as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Gilomen is also the Secretary of ALPS Variable Investment Trust and Reaves Utility Income Fund, and the Assistant Secretary of the WesMark Funds.

 

35

 

Name, Address* &

Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of

Office** and

Length of

Time Served

Principal Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years***

Ted Uhl,

1974

 

Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) Mr. Uhl was appointed CCO of the Trust at the June 8, 2010 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

Mr. Uhl joined ALPS in October 2006, and is currently Deputy Compliance Officer of ALPS. Prior to his current role, Mr. Uhl served as Senior Risk Manager for ALPS from October 2006 until June 2010. Before joining ALPS, Mr. Uhl served a Sr. Analyst with Enenbach and Associates (RIA), and a Sr. Financial Analyst at Sprint. Because of his position with ALPS, Mr. Uhl is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Mr. Uhl is also CCO of the Axonic Alternative Income Fund, Boulder Growth & Income Fund, Inc., Centre Funds, Index Funds, Reality Shares ETF Trust, Reaves Utility Income Fund and XAI Octagon Floating Rate & Alternative Income Term Trust.

Jennell Panella,

1974

 

Assistant Treasurer Ms. Panella was elected Assistant Treasurer of the Trust at the September 15, 2015 meeting of the Board of Trustees Ms. Panella joined ALPS in June 2012 and is currently Fund Controller of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Panella served as Financial Reporting Manager for Parker Global Strategies, LLC (2009-2012). Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Panella is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Panella also serves as Assistant Treasurer of James Advantage Funds.

Sharon Akselrod,

1974

 

Assistant Secretary Ms. Akselrod was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the September 15, 2015 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Akselrod joined ALPS in August 2014 and is currently Senior Investment Company Act Paralegal of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Akselrod served as Corporate Governance and Regulatory Associate for Nordstrom fsb (2013-2014) and Senior Legal Assistant – Legal Manager for AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company (2008-2013). Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Akselrod is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Akselrod is also Secretary of Principal Real Estate Income Fund and Assistant Secretary of ALPS ETF Trust and Clough Funds Trust.

Jennifer Craig,

1973

 

Assistant Secretary

Ms. Craig was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the June 8, 2016 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

 

Ms. Craig joined ALPS in 2007 and is currently Assistant Vice President and Paralegal Manager of ALPS. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Craig is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Craig is also Assistant Secretary of Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund, Clough Global Equity Fund, Clough Global Opportunities Fund, Liberty All-Star Equity Fund and Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc.

Sareena Khwaja-Dixon,

1980

Assistant Secretary

Ms. Khwaja-Dixon was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the December 12, 2017 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

Ms. Khwaja-Dixon joined ALPS in August 2015 and is currently Senior Counsel and Vice President of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Khwaja-Dixon is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Khwaja-Dixon served as a Senior Paralegal/Paralegal for Russell Investments (2011 – 2015). Ms. Khwaja-Dixon is also Secretary of Liberty All-Star Equity Fund, Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc., Clough Funds Trust, Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund, Clough Global Opportunities Fund, and Clough Global Equity Fund.

 

 
* All communications to Trustees and Officers may be directed to Financial Investors Trust c/o 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, CO 80203.

 

 36

 

**This is the period for which the Trustee or Officer began serving the Trust. Each Trustee serves an indefinite term, until such Trustees successor is elected and appointed, or such Trustee resigns or is deceased. Officers are elected on an annual basis.

***Except as otherwise indicated, each individual has held the office shown or other offices in the same company for the last five years.

**** The Fund Complex includes all series of the Trust (currently 31) and any other investment companies for which Vulcan Value Partners, LLC provides investment advisory services (currently none).

 

Additional Information About the Trustees’ Qualifications and Experience

 

The following is a brief discussion of the specific education, experience, qualifications, or skills that led to the conclusion, as of the date of this SAI, that each person identified below should serve as a Trustee for the Trust.

 

Mary K. Anstine

 

Ms. Anstine has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since March 21, 1997 and Chairman since June 6, 2017. Currently retired, Ms. Anstine has over 30 years of financial services experience. Most recently, she was President and CEO of HealthONE Alliance, Denver, Colorado from 1994 through 2004. From 1964 to 1994, Ms. Anstine held positions leading up to Executive Vice President of First Interstate Bank. She was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on her business and financial services experience.

 

Jeremy W. Deems

 

Mr. Deems has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since March 11, 2008. In 2007, Mr. Deems co-founded Green Alpha Advisors, LLC, a registered investment adviser, for which he currently serves as Chief Operations Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to co-founding Green Alpha Advisors, Mr. Deems was CFO of Forward Management, LLC, investment advisor to the Forward Funds and Sierra Club Mutual Funds, where he was also co-portfolio manager to the Sierra Club Stock Fund. In addition, he was the CFO of ReFlow Management Co., LLC. Prior to joining Forward and ReFlow, he served as Regional Marketing Assistant within the Investment Consulting Services Group at Morgan Stanley Dean Witter. Mr. Deems received a B.S. and a MBA in finance from Saint Mary’s College of California and is a licensed Certified Public Accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services, accounting and investment management experience.

 

Jerry G. Rutledge

 

Mr. Rutledge has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. Mr. Rutledge is the President and owner of Rutledge’s Inc., an upscale men’s clothing store, which he opened in 1967. Mr. Rutledge has over 40 years of business experience. He served on the CU Board of Regents from 1995 to 2007 and currently serves on the Board of American National Bank. Mr. Rutledge is a graduate of the University of Colorado. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business experience.

 

Michael “Ross” Shell

 

Mr. Shell has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. In 2008, Mr. Shell founded Red Idea, LLC, a strategic consulting/early stage venture firm, for which he currently serves as CEO. From 1999 to 2009, he was a part-owner and Director of Tesser, Inc., a brand agency, during which time he also served as Director, Marketing and Investor Relations, of Woodbourne, a REIT/real estate hedge fund and private equity firm. Prior to this, he worked as a business strategy consultant, he was on the Global Client Services team of IDEO, and he was President of Tesser, Inc. Mr. Shell graduated with honors from Stanford University with a degree in Political Science. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services and investment management experience.

 

 37

 

Edmund J. Burke

 

Mr. Burke has been an Interested Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. Mr. Burke joined ALPS Fund Services, Inc., the Funds’ administrator, in 1991 and retired in 2019. He previously served as Director of ALPS Holdings, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc., ALPS Advisors, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc., the Funds’ principal underwriter, and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. Mr. Burke has over 20 years of financial services and investment management experience. Before joining ALPS, Mr. Burke was a Regional Vice President for the Pioneer Funds in Boston and has also worked with Fidelity. Mr. Burke has a B.A. in Economics from the University of New Hampshire. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services and investment management experience.

 

Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities

 

Overall responsibility for oversight of each Fund rests with the Trustees. The Trust has engaged the Adviser to manage each Fund on a day-to day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers in the operations of each Fund in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s charter. The Board is currently composed of five members, four of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board meets at regularly scheduled quarterly meetings each year. In addition, the Board may hold special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. As described below, the Board has established a Nominating and Governance Committee and an Audit Committee, and may establish ad hoc committees or working groups from time to time, to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities. The Independent Trustees have also engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.

 

The Board has appointed Mary K. Anstine, an Independent Trustee, to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with the Adviser, other service providers, counsel and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board reviews matters related to its leadership structure annually. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate given the Trust’s characteristics and circumstances. These characteristics include, but are not limited to, the Trust’s multiple series of fund shares, each fund’s single portfolio of assets, each fund’s net assets, the services provided by the funds’ service providers, the formal and informal functions of the various Independent Trustees both during and between Board meetings, the existence of the Trust for over 15 years and the long board service of some of the Independent Trustees, which in some cases date back to the inception of the Trust.

 

 38

 

Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of the Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and Committee activities. As part of its regular oversight of the Fund, the Board, directly or through a Committee, interacts with and reviews reports from, among others, Fund management, the Adviser, the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer, the Funds’ legal counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds regarding risks faced by the Fund. The Board, with the assistance of Fund management and the Adviser, reviews investment policies and risks in connection with its review of each Fund’s performance. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Funds’ compliance program and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Funds and their principal service providers. In addition, as part of the Board’s periodic review of each Fund’s advisory and other service provider agreements, the Board may consider risk management aspects of these service providers’ operations and the functions for which they are responsible.

 

None of the Independent Trustees own securities in the Adviser or the Distributor, nor do they own securities in any entity directly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Adviser or the Distributor.

 

Audit Committee. The Board has an Audit Committee which considers such matters pertaining to the Trust’s books of account, financial records, internal accounting controls and changes in accounting principles or practices as the Trustees may from time to time determine. The Audit Committee also considers the engagement and compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm (“Firm”) and ensures receipt from the Firm of a formal written statement delineating relationships between the Firm and the Trust, consistent with Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Rule 3526. The Audit Committee also meets privately with the representatives of the Firm to review the scope and results of audits and other duties as set forth in the Audit Committee’s Charter. The Audit Committee members, each of whom are Independent Trustees are: Ms. Anstine and Messrs. Deems (Chairman), Rutledge and Shell. The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019.

 

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee meets periodically to advise and assist the Board in selecting nominees to serve as trustees of the Trust. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes the Board generally benefits from diversity of background, experience and views among its members, and considers this a factor in evaluating the composition of the Board, but has not adopted any specific policy in this regard. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also advises and assists the Board in establishing, implementing and executing policies, procedures and practices that assure orderly and effective governance of the Trust and effective and efficient management of all business and financial affairs of the Trust. Members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are currently: Ms. Anstine (Chairman) and Messrs. Deems, Rutledge and Shell. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board met once during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019.

 

 39

 

Shareholder Nominations. The Board will consider shareholder nominees for Trustees. All nominees must possess the appropriate characteristics, skills and experience for serving on the Board. In particular, the Board and its Independent Trustees will consider each nominee’s integrity, educational and professional background, understanding of the Trust’s business on a technical level and commitment to devote the time and attention necessary to fulfill a Trustee’s duties. All shareholders who wish to recommend nominees for consideration as Trustees shall submit the names and qualifications of the candidates to the Secretary of the Trust by writing to: Financial Investors Trust, 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado, 80203.

 

As of December 31, 2018, the dollar range of equity securities in the Funds beneficially owned by the Interested Trustee were as follows:

 

Interested Trustee

Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in
the Funds
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in All Registered
Investment Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of Investment
Companies
Edmund J. Burke None None

 

As of December 31, 2018, the dollar range of equity securities in the Funds beneficially owned by Independent Trustees were as follows:

 

Independent Trustees Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in
the Funds
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in All Registered
Investment Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of Investment
Companies
Mary K. Anstine None $10,001 - $50,000
Jeremy W. Deems None None
Jerry G. Rutledge None $50,001 - $100,000
Michael “Ross” Shell None None

 

Remuneration of Trustees.

 

The Independent Trustees receive a quarterly retainer of $15,000, plus $6,000 for each regular or special in-person Board or Committee meeting attended, and $2,000 for each special telephonic Board or Committee meeting attended. The Chairman of the Board and the Chairman of the Audit Committee will also receive an additional quarterly retainer of $3,000. The Independent Trustees are also reimbursed for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, the Independent Trustees received the following compensation:

 

 40

 

  Aggregate
Compensation
From the Trust
Pension Or
Retirement
Benefits
Accrued As Part
of Fund
Expenses

Estimated
Annual
Benefits

Upon
Retirement

Aggregate
Compensation
From The Trust
And Fund
Complex Paid To
Trustees*
Mary K. Anstine $120,000 $0 $0 $120,000
Jeremy W. Deems $120,000 $0 $0 $120,000
Jerry G. Rutledge $106,000 $0 $0 $106,000
Michael “Ross” Shell $104,000 $0 $0 $104,000

* The Fund Complex includes all series of the Trust (currently 31) and any other investment companies for which any Trustee serves as trustee for and which Vulcan Value Partners provides investment advisory services (currently none).

 

No officer, trustee or employee of the Adviser or any of its affiliates receives any compensation from the Funds for serving as an officer or trustee of the Funds.

 

INVESTMENT MANAGER

 

Vulcan Value Partners, LLC (“Vulcan” or the “Adviser”), subject to the authority of the Board, is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Funds’ business affairs and is engaged to manage the investments of each of the Funds in accordance with its investment objective, policies and limitations and investment guidelines established by the Adviser and the Board. Formed in 2007, Vulcan managed approximately $12.6 billion in client assets at June 30, 2019 and is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser. The Adviser’s principal address is Three Protective Center, 2801 Highway 280 South, Suite 300, Birmingham, AL 35223.

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Vulcan Value Partners Fund and the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund pay the Adviser an annual management fee of 1.00% and 1.15%, respectively, based on the Fund’s average daily net assets. The management fee is paid on a monthly basis.

 

The current term of the Advisory Agreement is one year. The Board may extend the Advisory Agreement for additional one-year terms. The Board, shareholders of the Funds or the Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ notice. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Funds’ Advisory Agreement is provided in the Funds’ annual report to shareholders for the period ending April 30, 2019.

 

 41

 

 

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2018

For the Fiscal

Year Ended

April 30, 2017

Gross Advisory Fees $13,366,761 $13,287,056 $13,808,728
Waiver of Advisory Fees $0 $0 $0
Reimbursement of other Expenses $0 $0 $0
Recoupment of waived fees $0 $0 $0
Net Advisory Fees $13,366,761 $13,287,056 $13,808,728
 
Gross Advisory Fees $9,349,426 $13,769,170 $13,736,066
Waiver of Advisory Fees ($136,637) $0 ($3,407)
Recoupment of waived fees $0 $59,895 $88,403
Reimbursement of other Expenses $49,307 $0 $0
Net Advisory Fees $9,212,789 $13,829,065 $13,821,062

 

As described in the Prospectus under “Fees and Expenses of Each Fund,” the Adviser has contractually agreed to limit certain of each Fund’s expenses until August 31, 2020.

 

The Adviser has contractually agreed to limit each Fund’s total annual fund operating expenses (exclusive of Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expense, taxes and extraordinary expenses) with respect to Investor Class shares to 1.25% of such Fund’s average daily net assets. This agreement (the “Investor Class Shares Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture expenses it has borne through the Investor Class Shares Expense Agreement to the extent that a Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Investor Class Shares Expense Agreement or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Funds will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the end of the date on which the fees or expenses were deferred. The Adviser may not discontinue or modify this waiver prior to August 31, 2020 without the approval by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

In addition, the Advisor has contractually agreed to limit the Funds’ total annual fund operating expenses to 0.85% and 1.00% of the average daily net assets for the Institutional Share classes of the Vulcan Value Partners Fund and the Vulcan Value Small Cap Fund, respectively. This agreement (the “Institutional Share Class Expense Agreement”) is in effect through August 31, 2020. The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Institutional Share Class Expense Agreement to the extent that the Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Institutional Share Class Expense Agreement or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fees or expenses were deferred. The Adviser may not discontinue or modify this waiver prior to August 31, 2020 without the approval by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

 42

 

Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser shall not be liable for losses or damages incurred by a Fund, unless such losses or damages are attributable to the willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Adviser or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties under the Advisory Agreement (“disabling conduct”). In addition, each Fund will indemnify the Adviser and its affiliates and hold each of them harmless against any losses or damages not resulting from disabling conduct.

 

ADMINISTRATOR

 

The Funds currently employ ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (an affiliate of ADI) (“ALPS” or the “Administrator”), located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, under an administration agreement to provide certain administrative services to the Funds. Information on the services provided by the Administrator is available in the Prospectus, which is incorporated by reference in this SAI.

 

The table below shows the administrative fees earned by ALPS for the periods indicated:

 

  For the Fiscal
Year Ended April
30, 2019
For the Fiscal
Year Ended April
30, 2018
For the Fiscal
Year Ended April
30, 2017
Vulcan Value Partners Fund $401,331 $373,320 $384,471
Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund $244,903 $337,410 $334,210

 

DISTRIBUTOR

 

Shares of each Fund are offered on a continuous basis through ALPS Distributors, Inc. (an affiliate of ALPS) (“ADI” or the “Distributor”), located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, as distributor of the Funds pursuant to a distribution agreement between the Distributor and the Trust on behalf of each Fund. The Distributor is not obligated to sell any specific amount of Fund shares. During the period ended April 30, 2019, the Distributor did not receive any commissions or other compensation.

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

The Funds, the Adviser and the Distributor each have adopted a code of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics permit the personnel of these entities to invest in securities, including securities that the Funds may purchase or hold. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.

 

 43

 

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

Although individual Board members may not agree with particular policies or votes by the Adviser, the Board has approved delegating proxy voting discretion to the Adviser believing that the Adviser should be responsible for voting because it is a matter relating to the investment decision making process.

 

Attached as Appendix B is the summary of the guidelines and procedures that the Adviser uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities, including the procedures that the Adviser uses when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Adviser or any affiliated person of a Fund or the Adviser, on the other. This summary of the guidelines gives a general indication as to how the Adviser will vote proxies relating to portfolio securities on each issue listed. However, the guidelines do not address all potential voting issues or the intricacies that may surround individual proxy votes. For that reason, there may be instances in which votes may vary from the guidelines presented. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser always endeavors to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities in accordance with a Fund’s investment objectives. When applicable, information on how each Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent prior 12-month period ended June 30 will be available without charge, (1) upon request, by calling 877.421.5078 and (2) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

Control Persons, Principal Shareholders and Management Ownership

 

To the best knowledge of the Trust, the names and addresses of the record and beneficial holders of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund and the percentage of the outstanding shares held by such holders are set forth below. To the best knowledge of the Trust, entities shown as owning more than 25% of the outstanding Shares of a Fund are not the beneficial owners of such Shares, unless otherwise indicated.

 

 44

 

A shareholder who owns beneficially 25% or more of the outstanding securities of a Fund is presumed to “control” a Fund as defined in the 1940 Act. Such control may affect the voting rights of other shareholders. The following table provides the name and address of any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of each Fund as of August 1, 2019:

 

Fund Shareholder Name and Address Percentage of Interest Type of Ownership
Vulcan Value Partners - Investor Class

Charles Schwab

San Francisco, CA

23.88% Record
Vulcan Value Partners - Investor Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

29.97% Record
Vulcan Value Partners - Investor Class

U.S. Bank, NA

Milwaukee, WI

5.71% Record
Vulcan Value Partners - Institutional Class

Charles Schwab

San Francisco, CA

35.20% Record
Vulcan Value Partners - Institutional Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

9.37% Record
Vulcan Value Partners - Institutional Class

J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

Newark, DE

5.39% Record
Vulcan Value Partners - Institutional Class

AHS Hospital Corp

Morristown, NJ

37.06% Record
Vulcan Value Partners - Institutional Class

MSCS Financial Services, LLC

Denver, CO

7.00% Record
Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund - Investor Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

18.65% Record
Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund - Investor Class

Charles Schwab

San Francisco, CA

42.12% Record
Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund - Investor Class

MSCS Financial Services, LLC

Denver, CO

7.70% Record
Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund - Institutional Class

Charles Schwab

San Francisco, CA

50.29% Record
Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund - Institutional Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

27.52% Record
Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund - Institutional Class

J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

Newark, DE

14.83% Record
Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund - Institutional Class

Reliance Trust Company

Atlanta, GA

6.81% Record

 

The Trustees and Officers of the Trust as a group owned less than 1% of any Fund’s shares.

 

EXPENSES

 

Each Fund’s expenses include taxes, interest, fees and salaries of such Fund Trustees and officers who are not trustees, officers or employees of the Fund’s service contractors, SEC fees, state securities qualification fees, costs of preparing and printing prospectuses for regulatory purposes and for distribution to existing shareholders, advisory and administration fees, charges of the custodian and of the transfer and dividend disbursing agent, certain insurance premiums, outside auditing and legal expenses, costs of shareholder reports and shareholder meetings and any extraordinary expenses. Each Fund also pays for brokerage fees and commissions (if any) in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities.

 

 45

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGER

 

The following sections set forth certain additional information with respect to the portfolio manager for each Fund. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of April 30, 2019.

 

Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Manager

 

The table below identifies as of April 30, 2019, for the portfolio manager of each Fund, the number of accounts (other than the Funds with respect to which information is provided) for which he has day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts.

 

 

Registered Investment

Companies

Other Pooled Investment

Vehicles 

Other Accounts
Portfolio Manager Number Total Assets Number Total Assets Number Total Assets
    (in millions)   (in millions)    (in millions)
C.T. Fitzpatrick 0 N/A 1 1,871 1,075 11,556

 

Portfolio Manager Compensation

 

Mr. Fitzpatrick is the majority equity owner of the Adviser and is entitled to receive distributions from the Adviser if and when made to the equity owners of the Adviser, pro rata in proportion to his equity interest. He does not receive a base salary and is not anticipated to receive a bonus.

 

Ownership of Securities

 

The table below identifies ownership of Fund securities by the Portfolio Manager as of April 30, 2019.

 

FUND

DOLLAR RANGE OF
OWNERSHIP OF
SECURITIES

Vulcan Value Partners Fund $500, 001 - $1,000,000
Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund $100,001 - $500,000

 

 46

 

Potential Conflicts of Interest

 

Potential conflicts of interest may arise when a Fund’s portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to one or more other funds or other accounts, as is the case for the portfolio manager listed in the table above.

 

The Adviser and the Funds have adopted compliance policies and procedures that are designed to address various conflicts of interest that may arise for the Adviser and the individuals that it employs. For example, the Adviser may seek to minimize the effects of competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by assigning portfolio managers to manage funds and accounts that share a similar investment style. The Adviser has also adopted trade allocation procedures that are designed to facilitate the fair allocation of limited investment opportunities among multiple funds and accounts. There is no guarantee, however, that the policies and procedures adopted by the Adviser and the Funds will be able to detect and/or prevent every situation in which an actual or potential conflict may appear.

 

These potential conflicts include:

 

Allocation of Limited Time and Attention. A portfolio manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds and/or accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those funds and/or accounts. As a result, the portfolio manager may not be able to formulate as complete a strategy or identify equally attractive investment opportunities for each of those accounts as might be the case if he or she were to devote substantially more attention to the management of a single fund. The effects of this potential conflict may be more pronounced where funds and/or accounts overseen by a particular portfolio manager have different investment strategies.

 

Allocation of Limited Investment Opportunities. If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for multiple funds and/or accounts, the opportunity may be allocated among these several funds or accounts, which may limit a fund’s ability to take full advantage of the investment opportunity.

 

Pursuit of Differing Strategies. At times, a portfolio manager may determine that an investment opportunity may be appropriate for only some of the funds and/or accounts for which he or she exercises investment responsibility, or may decide that certain of the funds and/or accounts should take differing positions with respect to a particular security. In these cases, the portfolio manager may place separate transactions for one or more funds or accounts which may affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment or benefit of one or more other funds and/or accounts.

 

Selection of Brokers/Dealers. Portfolio managers may be able to select or influence the selection of the brokers and dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the funds and/or account that they supervise. In addition to executing trades, some brokers and dealers provide portfolio managers with brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act), which may result in the payment of higher brokerage fees than might have otherwise been available. These services may be more beneficial to certain funds or accounts than to others. Although the payment of brokerage commissions is subject to the requirement that the portfolio manager determine in good faith that the commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided to the fund, a portfolio manager’s decision as to the selection of brokers and dealers could yield disproportionate costs and benefits among the funds and/or accounts that he or she manages.

 

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Variation in Compensation. A conflict of interest may arise where the financial or other benefits available to the portfolio manager differ among the funds and/or accounts that he or she manages. If the structure of the investment adviser’s management fee and/or the portfolio manager’s compensation differs among funds and/or accounts (such as where certain funds or accounts pay higher management fees or performance-based management fees), the portfolio manager might be motivated to help certain funds and/or accounts over others. The portfolio manager might be motivated to favor funds and/or accounts in which he or she has an interest or in which the investment adviser and/or its affiliates have interests. Similarly, the desire to maintain or raise assets under management or to enhance the portfolio manager’s performance record or to derive other rewards, financial or otherwise, could influence the portfolio manager to lend preferential treatment to those funds and/or accounts that could most significantly benefit the portfolio manager.

 

Related Business Opportunities. The Adviser or its affiliates may provide more services (such as distribution or recordkeeping) for some types of funds or accounts than for others. In such cases, a portfolio manager may benefit, either directly or indirectly, by devoting disproportionate attention to the management of funds and/or accounts that provide greater overall returns to the Adviser and its affiliates.

 

The Adviser and the Funds have adopted compliance policies and procedures that are designed to address various conflicts of interest that may arise for the Adviser and the individuals that it employs. For example, the Adviser seeks to minimize the effects of competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by assigning portfolio managers to manage funds and accounts that share a similar investment style. The Adviser has also adopted trade allocation procedures that are designed to facilitate the fair allocation of limited investment opportunities among multiple funds and accounts. There is no guarantee, however, that the policies and procedures adopted by the Adviser and the Funds will be able to detect and/or prevent every situation in which an actual or potential conflict may appear.

 

NET ASSET VALUE

 

The following is a description of the procedures used by each Fund in valuing its assets. Because of the differences in service and distribution fees and class-specific expenses, the per share net asset value of each class may differ. For the purpose of pricing purchase and redemption orders, the net asset value per share of each class of each Fund is calculated separately and is determined once daily as of the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE (normally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). Each Fund’s net asset value is calculated on each day that the NYSE is open for trading, i.e., Monday through Friday, except for New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day, and the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when one of those holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively.

 

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In calculating net asset value, equity securities listed or traded on national securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price or, if there have been no sales on that day, at the mean of the current bid and ask price which represents the current value of the security. OTC securities are valued at the mean of the current bid and ask price.

 

Portfolio securities listed on the NASDAQ National Market System for which market quotations are available are valued at the official closing price. If there is no official closing price, the securities are valued at the last sale price or, if there have been no sales that day, at the mean of the current bid and ask price which represents the current value of the security.

 

Securities that are primarily traded on foreign exchanges generally are valued at the preceding closing values of such securities on their respective exchanges, except that when an occurrence subsequent to the time a value was so established is likely to have changed such value, then the fair value of those securities will be determined by consideration of other factors by or under the direction of the Board or its delegates. In valuing assets, prices denominated in foreign currencies are converted to U.S. dollar equivalents at the current exchange rate. Securities may be valued by independent pricing services which use prices provided by market-makers or estimates of market values obtained from yield data relating to instruments or securities with similar characteristics. In certain circumstances, bid and ask prices may be obtained from (i) a broker/dealer specified and deemed reliable by the Adviser, (ii) pink sheets, yellow sheets or the blue list, or (iii) a pricing agent that obtains quotations from broker/dealers or evaluates the value of the respective bid and ask prices. All other securities and other assets of a Fund will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board.

 

FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

 

This section provides additional information concerning U.S. federal income taxes. It is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), applicable Treasury Regulations, judicial authority, and the administrative rulings and practice, all as of the date of this SAI, and all of which are subject to change, including changes with retroactive effect. The following does not address any state, local or foreign or estate or gift tax matters.

 

A shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax consequences from acquiring, holding and disposing of shares in a Fund may vary depending upon his or her particular situation. This discussion only applies to shareholders who are U.S. persons, except where otherwise stated. For purposes of this discussion, U.S. persons are: (i) U.S. citizens or residents, (ii) U.S. corporations, (iii) an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or certain electing trusts that were in existence on August 20, 1996, and were treated as domestic trusts on August 19, 1996.

 

This discussion does not address issues of significance to U.S. persons in special situations such as: (i) certain types of tax-exempt organizations, (ii) shareholders holding shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plan accounts or individual retirement accounts), (iii) shareholders holding investments through foreign institutions (financial and non-financial), (iv) financial institutions, (v) broker-dealers, (vi) entities not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, (vii) shareholders holding shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction, and (viii) shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax.

 

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If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships that are considering the purchase of shares should consult their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares.

 

Neither Fund has requested and will not request an advance ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) as to the U.S. federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. In addition, the foregoing discussion only addresses some of the U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting investments in the Funds. Prospective shareholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisers as to the particular U.S. federal tax consequences to them of an investment in the Funds, as well as the applicability and effect of any state, local or foreign laws, and the effect of possible changes in applicable tax laws.

 

General Policies

 

In general, it is each Fund’s policy to distribute to its shareholders as “ordinary income dividends” substantially all of its net investment income and short-term capital gains. It is also each Fund’s policy to distribute annually all of its net realized long-term capital gains, if any, after offsetting any capital loss carryovers as “capital gains dividends.”

 

Ordinary income dividends and capital gain distributions are payable in full and fractional shares of the relevant class of each Fund based upon the net asset value determined as of the close of the Exchange on the record date for each dividend or distribution. Shareholders, however, may elect to receive their ordinary income dividends or capital gain dividends, or both, in cash. The election may be made at any time by submitting a written request directly to the applicable Fund. In order for a change to be in effect for any dividend or distribution, it must be received by such Fund on or before the record date for such dividend or distribution.

 

If you elect to receive your dividends in cash and the dividend checks sent to you are returned “undeliverable” to the applicable Fund or remain uncashed for six months, your cash election will automatically be changed and your future dividends will be reinvested. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed dividend or redemption checks.

 

Detailed U.S. federal tax information will be furnished to each shareholder for each calendar year as required by federal law.

 

Taxation of the Funds

 

Each Fund intends to elect to be treated and qualify each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. Each Fund also intends to be treated as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes. Thus, the provisions of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies generally will apply separately to each Fund even though each Fund is a series of the Trust. Furthermore, each Fund will separately determine its income, gain, losses and expenses for federal income tax purposes.

 

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In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, a Fund must, among other things: (i) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships;” (ii) diversify its holdings so that at the end of each fiscal quarter, (a) at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities limited generally, with respect to any one issuer, to no more than 5% of the value of such Fund’s total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of such Fund’s total assets is invested in (1) the securities (other than those of the U.S. government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, (2) the securities (other than the securities of other regulated investment companies) of two or more issuers which such Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or (3) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships and (iii) distribute with respect to each taxable year an amount equal to or exceeding the sum of (a) 90% of its “investment company taxable income,” as that term is defined in the Code (which generally includes, among other things, dividends, taxable interest, and the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, as reduced by certain deductible expenses) without regard to the deduction for dividends paid, and (b) 90% of its tax-exempt interest income, net of expenses allocable thereto. For purposes of meeting the diversification requirement described in (ii) above, in the case of a Fund’s investment in loan participations, the issuer may be the financial intermediary or the borrower. The requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company may significantly limit the extent to which each Fund may invest in some investments.

 

With respect to (i) above, the IRS may limit qualifying income from foreign currency gains to the amount of such currency gains that are directly related to a regulated investment company’s principal business of investing in stock or securities pursuant to regulations that may be promulgated in the future. For purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in (i) above, income derived from a partnership will generally be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized by the regulated investment company. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (defined as a partnership (x) interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in (i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive activity loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. Finally, for purposes of (ii)(a) above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership.

 

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To the extent that it qualifies for treatment as a regulated investment company, a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income distributed to its shareholders in a timely manner in the form of dividends (including capital gain dividends, defined below). In certain situations, a Fund can cure failures to meet the income and diversification tests described above, including, in some cases, by paying a Fund-level tax and, in the case of diversification failures, disposing of certain assets. If a Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year – for example, because it was not sufficiently diversified under the applicable Code tests – such Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. To qualify again to be taxed as a regulated investment company that is accorded special treatment in a subsequent year, such a Fund could be required to pay substantial taxes, penalties and interest and make substantial distributions. In addition, if a Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company for a period greater than two taxable years, such a Fund may be required to recognize and pay tax on any net built-in gain (the excess of aggregate gain, including items of income, over aggregate loss that would have been realized if the affected Fund had been liquidated) or, alternatively, to be subject to taxation on such built-in gain recognized for a period of five years, in order to qualify as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year.

 

As a regulated investment company, each Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its net capital gains (that, is any net long-term capital gains in excess of net short-term capital losses) properly reported by a Fund in a written statement to shareholders as capital gain dividends (“capital gain dividends”) and its investment company taxable income if any, that a Fund distributes to shareholders on a timely basis. Each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gains, after offsetting any capital loss carryforwards. If a Fund does retain any investment company taxable income, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. However, a Fund may elect to have certain distributions paid after the close of a tax year treated as having been paid during the tax year for purposes of the regulated investment company distribution requirements and for purposes of determining its taxable income (“spill-over dividends”). Spill-over dividends are taxed to shareholders in the year in which they are received.

 

Under current law, a Fund is permitted to treat on its tax return as dividends paid the portion of redemption proceeds paid to redeeming shareholders that represents the redeeming shareholders’ portion of the Fund’s accumulated earnings and profits. This practice, called tax “equalization,” would reduce the amount of income and/or gains that a Fund is required to distribute as dividends to non-redeeming shareholders. This practice is not available for a Fund that is treated as a “personal holding company” for federal income tax purposes. The total return on a shareholder’s investment would generally not be reduced as a result of a Fund’s use of this practice. If the IRS were to determine that a Fund’s equalization method is improper and that the Fund has under-distributed its income and gain for any taxable year, the Fund may be liable for federal income and/or excise tax.

 

If a Fund retains any net capital gain, it will also be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by such a Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and (iii) will be entitled to obtain a refund of the excess, if any, of their allocable share of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount over the shareholder’s tax liability on such amount. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of such a Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence.

 

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Generally, the excess (if any) of a Fund’s net short-term capital loss over the net long-term capital gain for a taxable year will carry over as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the next tax year. In addition, the excess (if any) of a Fund’s net long-term capital loss over the net short-term capital gain for the year will carry over as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the next tax year. Unused capital losses may be carried forward indefinitely until they can be used to offset capital gains.

 

If future capital gains are offset by carried-forward capital losses, such future capital gains are not subject to Fund-level federal income tax, regardless of whether they are distributed to shareholders. However, future capital gains offset by carried-forward capital losses are generally subject to taxation as ordinary dividends to shareholders if distributed. Accordingly, the Funds do not expect to distribute any capital gains offset by carried-forward capital losses. The Funds cannot carry back or carry forward any net operating losses.

 

A regulated investment company may elect to treat all or any post-October capital loss (defined as the company’s net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss, as applicable, in each case attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31) and late-year ordinary loss (generally, (i) net ordinary losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31, plus (ii) other net ordinary losses attributable to the portion of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.

 

If a Fund fails to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its net capital gain income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year, plus any retained amount for any prior year, such a Fund will be subject to a non-deductible excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property that would be properly taken into account after October 31 are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. For purposes of the excise tax, a Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending within the calendar year. A dividend paid to shareholders in January of a year generally is deemed to have been paid on December 31 of the preceding year, if the dividend is declared and payable to the shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year.

 

Each Fund intends to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the excise tax, although there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so. Moreover, each Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant (for example, the amount of excise tax to be paid is deemed de minimis by a Fund).

 

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Taxation of Fund Distributions

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment company taxable income are generally taxable as ordinary income to the extent of a Fund’s current or accumulated “earnings and profits.” Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long a Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares. Distributions of net capital gains from the sale of investments that a Fund owned for more than one year and that are properly designated by such Fund as capital gain dividends (i.e., “capital gain dividends”) will be taxable to Fund shareholders as long-term capital gains. Generally, distributions of gains from the sale of investments that a Fund owned for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income. A Fund may designate certain dividends as derived from “qualified dividend income,” which, when received by an individual or other non-corporate shareholder, will be taxed at the same maximum federal income tax rate applicable to long-term capital gain, which (for this purpose) is 20%, in addition to the 3.8% surcharge on net investment income, described under “Surtax on Net Investment Income,” below. Dividend income distributed to individual or other non-corporate shareholders will qualify as “qualified dividend income” as that term is defined in section 1(h)(11)(B) of the Code to the extent such distributions are attributable to income from the applicable Fund’s investments in common and preferred stock of U.S. companies and stock of certain qualified foreign corporations provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met by both such Fund and its shareholders. Neither Fund expects a significant portion of distributions to be derived from qualified dividend income.

 

Distributions of earnings and gains are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund before a shareholder invested in that Fund (and thus were included in the price the shareholder paid) and whether shareholders receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares (other than distributions, if any, designated by the Fund as “exempt-interest dividends,” a designation which the Funds generally do not expect to make). Any gain resulting from the sale or exchange of Fund shares generally will be taxable as capital gains. Distributions declared and payable by a Fund during October, November or December to shareholders of record on a date in any such month and paid by the Fund during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as paid by the Fund and received by shareholders on December 31st of the year in which declared rather than the calendar year in which they were received.

 

Dividends received by corporate shareholders that are reported by a Fund in a written statement furnished to shareholders may qualify for the 50% dividends received deduction to the extent of the amount of qualifying dividends received by a Fund from domestic corporations and to the extent (if any) a portion of interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund are treated as dividends subject (in either case) to certain holding period requirements and debt-financing limitations.

 

If a Fund makes a distribution in excess of its current and accumulated “earnings and profits” in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder’s basis in his or her shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of such shares.

 

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Sale or Redemption of Shares

 

The sale or redemption of Fund shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to the shares. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitation.

 

All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed if other substantially identical shares of such Fund are purchased within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

 

Special Tax Considerations

 

The following discussion relates to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of the investment policies of the Funds.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Companies

 

Funds that invest in non-U.S. securities may own shares in certain foreign investment entities, referred to as “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”). In order to avoid U.S. federal income tax and an additional charge on any “excess distribution” from PFICs or gain from the disposition of PFIC shares, a Fund may elect to “mark-to-market” annually its investments in such entities, which will result in such Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased all the PFIC stock at the end of each year. As a result of a mark-to-market election, an electing Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. By making the mark-to-market election, an electing Fund could potentially mitigate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year it may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. An electing Fund may have to distribute this “phantom” income and gain to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the excise tax described above.

 

Alternatively, a Fund may elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (a “QEF election”), in which case the Fund would be required to include its share of the company’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives distributions from the PFIC. As with the mark-to-market election, these amounts would be taken into account by an electing Fund for purposes of satisfying the distribution requirement and the excise tax distribution requirement. Under Treasury Regulations finalized in 2019, earnings included in income under a QEF election would be qualifying dividend income for a RIC if such earnings are distributed in the taxable year in which they are earned. The Treasury Regulations also provide, however, that if an amount is included in gross income of a regulated investment company pursuant to a QEF election and is derived with respect to the regulated investment company’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, then such amount will be qualifying income for the regulated investment company, whether or not currently distributed. In order to make a QEF election, a Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain. Dividends paid by PFICs or foreign corporations that were PFICs in the year preceding the payment of the dividend will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.

 

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Non-U.S. Taxes

 

Each Fund that invests in non-U.S. securities may be liable to non-U.S. governments for taxes relating primarily to investment income or capital gains on non-U.S. securities in such Fund’s portfolio. If at the close of its taxable year more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s total assets consists of securities of foreign corporations (including foreign governments), such Fund may make an election under the Code that would allow Fund shareholders who are U.S. persons or U.S. corporations to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their U.S. income tax return for their pro rata portion of qualified taxes paid by that Fund to non-U.S. countries in respect of non-U.S. securities held at least a minimum period as specified in the Code. If a Fund were eligible for and were to make the election, the amount of each shareholder’s distribution reported on the information returns filed by such Fund with the IRS must be increased by the amount of the shareholder’s portion of such Fund’s foreign tax paid. A shareholder’s ability to claim all or a part of a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of non-U.S. taxes paid by a Fund would also be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code.

 

If a Fund were to qualify as a “qualified fund of funds,” the Fund could be entitled to elect to pass-through its foreign tax credits without regard to the above described 50% requirement. For this purpose, the term “qualified fund of funds” means a regulated investment company if (at the close of each quarter of the taxable year) at least 50% of the value of its total assets is represented by interests in other regulated investment companies. The Funds make no assurances as to either the availability of any election discussed in this section or their willingness to make any such election.

 

Non-U.S. Currency Transactions

 

Transactions in non-U.S. currencies, non-U.S.-currency denominated debt obligations and certain non-U.S. currency options, future contracts, and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the non-U.S. currency concerned and may increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxes payable by shareholders. Certain of a Fund’s transactions, if any, in foreign currencies and foreign currency denominated instruments are likely to result in a difference between the Fund’s book income and taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of such Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital or capital gain for tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to avoid excise tax liability and to qualify as a regulated investment company, which may have the effect of accelerating taxable distributions to shareholders of the Fund.

 

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Financial Products

 

Each Fund’s investments in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts, swaps and certain other transactions will be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale, short sale and other rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income recognized by such Fund, defer such Fund’s losses, cause adjustments in the holding periods of such Fund’s securities, convert capital gain into ordinary income and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character distributions to Fund shareholders.

 

Some of a Fund’s investments, such as certain option transactions as well as futures transactions in foreign currency contracts that are traded in the interbank market, may be “section 1256 contracts.” Gains and losses on section 1256 contracts are generally treated as 60% long-term capital and 40% short-term capital, although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as entirely ordinary in character. Section 1256 contracts held by a Fund at the end of a taxable year are “marked to market” for income tax purposes, meaning that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized (and treated on the 60/40 basis described above).

 

Certain positions undertaken by a Fund may constitute “straddles” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character of gains or losses realized by such Fund. Losses realized by a Fund that are part of a straddle may be deferred beyond the point in time that they are realized. The straddle rules, if applicable, could increase the amount of short-term capital gain realized by a Fund, which is taxed as ordinary income when distributed to shareholders. Certain tax elections that a Fund may make with respect to straddles could affect the character and timing of recognition of gains and losses.

 

A Fund may make short sales of securities. Short sales may increase the amount of short-term capital gains realized by the Fund, which is taxed as ordinary income to the shareholders when distributed. Short sales may also constitute part of “constructive sales,” in certain circumstances, which would result in taxable income before the short-sale positions are terminated.

 

Certain of the Funds’ hedging activities including their transactions in options and foreign currencies, are likely to result in a difference between a Fund’s book income and taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of a Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital or capital gain for tax purposes or require a Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to avoid excise tax liability and to qualify as a regulated investment company, which may have the effect of accelerating taxable distributions to shareholders.

 

Rules governing the tax aspects of notional principal contracts in which a Fund may invest are not clear in various respects. As a result, the IRS could challenge a Fund’s methods of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes for such contracts, and such a challenge could affect the status of such Fund as a regulated investment company.

 

Certain of a Fund’s hedging activities including its transactions in options, futures contracts and foreign currencies, are likely to result in a difference between such Fund’s book income and taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of a Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital or capital gain for tax purposes or require such Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to avoid excise tax liability and to qualify as a regulated investment company, which may have the effect of accelerating taxable distributions to shareholders.

 

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Securities Issued or Purchased at a Discount

 

A Fund’s investment in debt obligations issued at a discount and certain other obligations will (and investments in debt obligations purchased at a discount may) require that Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received (and which may never be received). In addition, payment-in-kind securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed even though such Fund does not receive an interest payment in cash on the security during the year. In order to generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, an affected Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise would have continued to hold. An affected Fund may realize gains or losses from such sales. In the event such Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they would in the absence of such transactions.

 

Some debt obligations that are acquired by a Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. “Market discount” is generally the excess of the stated redemption price of the bond at maturity over the basis of the bond immediately after its acquisition by the taxpayer. Generally, any gain recognized on the receipt of principal payments or on the disposition of a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain is attributable to “accrued market discount” on such debt security. A Fund may make certain elections applicable to debt obligations having market discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. When recognized, market discount is taxable as ordinary income even if interest on the debt obligation in question is tax exempt.

 

The Fund may acquire debt obligations that have original issue discount. “Original issue discount” is the excess of a debt obligation’s stated redemption price at maturity over the obligation’s issue price. Under the tax law in effect prior to the 2017 Tax Act, a taxpayer that acquires an obligation with original issue discount generally is required to include the original issue discount in income on a constant yield-to-maturity basis without regard to when, or whether, payments are made on the obligation.

 

For financial accounting purposes, depending upon the type of instrument involved and its credit quality, both original issue discount and market discount may be recognized over the expected or contractual life of the instrument. The 2017 Tax Act requires accrual-method taxpayers to recognize items of gross income for tax purposes no later than the year in which the taxpayer recognizes the income for financial accounting purposes. The IRS has said that it will not apply this provision to require the recognition of accrued market discount. However, it is possible that the regulations issued under the 2017 Tax Act will require the acceleration of recognition by a Fund of original issue discount for federal income tax purposes for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018.

 

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High-Risk Securities

 

Each Fund may invest in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for a Fund. The application of the U.S. federal income tax rules with respect to these types of investments is complicated and will depend upon the application of the law to facts that may be unclear, which may result in uncertainty about the U.S. federal income tax treatment of these investments (e.g., such as when a Fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts, or worthless securities and how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income). These and other related issues will be addressed by a Fund if it invests in such securities in order to seek to ensure that such Fund distributes sufficient income to avoid becoming subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts

 

If a Fund invests in REITS, its REIT equity securities, may result in such Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings. If a Fund receives such distributions all or a portion of these distributions will constitute a return of capital to such Fund. Receiving a return of capital distribution from a REIT will reduce the amount of income available to be distributed to Fund shareholders. Income from REIT securities generally will not be eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income.

 

Under Code Section 199A, introduced by the 2017 Tax Act, a deduction of up to 20% is available for taxpayers other than corporations for qualified business income from certain pass-through businesses, including “qualified REIT dividends” from REITs (i.e., ordinary REIT dividends other than capital gains dividends and REIT dividends designated as qualified dividend income). Under proposed regulations—on which taxpayers may rely pending the issuance of final regulations—a regulated investment company may pay and report “section 199A dividends” to its shareholders with respect its qualified REIT dividends. Under these proposed regulations, the amount of section 199A dividends that the Fund may pay and report to its shareholders is limited to the excess of the “qualified REIT dividends” that the Fund receives from REITs for a taxable year over the Fund’s expenses allocable to such dividends. A shareholder may treat section 199A dividends received on a share of the Fund as “qualified REIT dividends” if the shareholder has held the share for more than 45 days during the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the date on which the share becomes ex-dividend, but only to the extent that the shareholder is not under an obligation (under a short-sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. A shareholder may include 20% of the shareholder’s “qualified REIT dividends” in the computation of the shareholder’s “combined qualified business income amount” under Code Section 199A. Code Section 199A allows a taxpayer (other than a corporation) a deduction for a taxable year equal to the lesser of (A) the taxpayer’s “combined qualified business income amount” or (B) 20% of the excess of the taxpayer’s taxable income over the taxpayer’s net capital gain for the year.

 

Tax-Exempt Shareholders

 

Under current law, each Fund serves to “block” (that is, prevent the attribution to shareholders of) unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in a Fund. For example, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in a Fund if either: (1) the applicable Fund invests in REITs that hold residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”) or taxable mortgage pools (“TMPs”), in which event any related UBTI may not be offset by net operating losses; or (2) shares in the applicable Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of section 514(b) of the Code. If a charitable remainder trust (as defined in section 664 of the Code) realizes any UBTI for a taxable year, it will be subject to an excise tax equal to the amount of such UBTI. Tax-exempt investors should consult with their own tax advisors concerning the impact of these rules before investing in a Fund. A Fund may invest in REITs that hold residual interests in REMICs or TMPs.

 

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Backup Withholding

 

Each Fund generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any non-corporate shareholder who fails to properly furnish such Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number (“TIN”), or who has under-reported dividend or interest income, and to any shareholder that fails to certify to such Fund that it is not subject to such withholding. Under current law, the backup withholding tax rate is 24% for tax years beginning before January 1, 2026.

 

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a shareholder generally may be refunded or credited against the shareholder’s federal income tax liability, if any, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the Internal Revenue Service. If a shareholder fails to furnish a valid TIN upon request, the shareholder can be subject to IRS penalties.

 

Cost Basis Reporting

 

The Funds (or their administrative agents) must report to the IRS and furnish to fund shareholders the cost basis information for Fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012, and redeemed, exchanged or otherwise sold on or after that date. The Funds must also indicate to the IRS whether these shares had a short-term or long-term holding period. In the absence of an election by a shareholder to elect from certain cost basis methods which have been accepted by the IRS, the Funds will use their default cost basis method. The cost basis method elected or applied may not be changed after the settlement date of a sale of Funds shares. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers concerning the most desirable IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the new cost basis reporting law applies to them. In addition, the Funds are required to report the gross proceeds from the sale of all Fund shares (regardless of when such shares were purchased).

 

Surtax on Net Investment Income

 

A surtax of 3.8% applies to net investment income of an individual taxpayer and on the undistributed net investment income of certain estates and trusts, to the extent that such taxpayer’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a certain amount. Net investment income includes interest, dividends, royalties, rents, gross income from a trade or business involving passive activities, and net gain from disposition of property (other than property held in a non-passive trade or business). Ordinary income and capital gain distributions received by a Fund shareholder from a Fund, as well as the shareholder’s net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares, will be included in the shareholder’s net investment income. Net investment income is reduced by deductions properly allocable to such income.

 

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Foreign Accounts

 

Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (or “FATCA”), foreign financial institutions as defined by FATCA (“FFIs”) or non-financial foreign entities as defined by FATCA (“NFFEs”) that are shareholders of a Fund may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on: (1) income dividends paid by the Fund, and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of a sale of Fund shares. The FATCA withholding tax generally may be avoided: (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by U.S. persons with the FFI, and (b) by an NFFE, if it: (i) certifies that is has no substantial U.S. persons as owners or (ii) if it does have such owners, reporting information relating to them to the withholding agent (which may be the Fund). The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements (each, an “IGA”) with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with other foreign countries with respect to one or more alternative approaches to implement FATCA. An entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of an IGA and applicable local law instead of U.S. Treasury regulations.

 

An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding by becoming a “participating FFI,” which requires the FFI to enter into a tax compliance agreement with the IRS under section 1471(b) of the Code under which it agrees to verify, report and disclose certain of its U.S. accountholders and provided that such entity meets certain other specified requirements. The FFI will report to the IRS, or, depending on the FFI’s country of residence, to the government of that country (pursuant to the terms and conditions of an applicable IGA and applicable law), which will, in turn, report to the IRS. An FFI that is resident in a country that has entered into an IGA with the U.S. to implement FATCA will be exempt from FATCA withholding provided that the FFI shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

 

An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from a Fund can avoid FATCA withholding generally by certifying that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or by providing the name, address and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner. The NFFE will report to the Fund or other applicable withholding agent, which will, in turn, report information to the IRS.

 

Such foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted or deemed compliant categories as established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in a Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA in order to avoid FATCA withholding. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the U.S. certification rules to avoid backup withholding described above.

 

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The 2017 Tax Act

 

The 2017 Tax Act substantially altered the U.S. federal income tax rules for the taxation of individuals and corporations. Certain specific provisions of the 2017 Tax Act are described in the relevant portions of this SAI. The 2017 Tax Act also makes numerous changes to the tax rules that do not affect regulated investment companies directly but may affect shareholders and may indirectly affect the Funds. Among many other tax changes introduced by the 2017 Tax Act, the Act changes marginal income tax rates applicable to individuals and other taxpayers. Most of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and would apply only to taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026. The 2017 Tax Act does not change the maximum federal income tax rates that apply to long-term capital gains recognized by noncorporate taxpayers.

 

The 2017 Act also establishes a deduction of up to 20% for qualified business income from certain pass-through businesses, including publicly traded partnerships and REITS but generally excluding regulated investment companies. Under proposed regulations, this deduction may be available for shareholders of regulated investment companies (including the Funds) for certain qualified dividends that regulated investment companies derive from REITs as discussed above under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Special Tax Considerations – Real Estate Investment Trusts.” The IRS is still considering whether to the deduction should be available for shareholders of regulated investment companies with respect to income that regulated investment companies derive from publicly traded partnerships.

 

Other Tax Matters

 

Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisor to determine the suitability of shares of a Fund as an investment through such plans and the precise effect of an investment in the Funds would have on their particular tax situation.

 

The foregoing discussion relates solely to U.S. federal income tax law. Dividends and distributions also may be subject to state and local taxes. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding specific questions as to U.S. federal, state, local and, where applicable, foreign taxes. Foreign investors should consult their tax advisors concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of ownership of shares of a Fund, including the certification and filing requirements imposed on foreign investors in order to qualify for exemption from the backup withholding tax rates (or a reduced rate of withholding provided by treaty).

 

The foregoing is a general and abbreviated summary of the applicable provisions of the Code and related regulations currently in effect. For the complete provisions, reference should be made to the pertinent Code sections and regulations. The Code and regulations are subject to change by legislative or administrative actions.

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST

 

The Trust was organized as a Delaware business trust on November 30, 1993 and consists of multiple separate portfolios or series. The Board may establish additional series in the future. The capitalization of the Trust consists solely of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest with no par value.

 

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The Trust consists of multiple separate portfolios or funds. When certain matters affect one fund but not another, the shareholders would vote as a fund regarding such matters. Subject to the foregoing, on any matter submitted to a vote of shareholders, all shares then entitled to vote will be voted separately by the fund unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act, in which case all shares will be voted in the aggregate. For example, a change in a fund’s fundamental investment policies would be voted upon only by shareholders of the fund. Additionally, approval of the Advisory Agreement is a matter to be determined separately by each fund.

 

Approval by the shareholders of one fund is effective as to that fund whether or not sufficient votes are received from the shareholders of the other fund to approve the proposal as to that fund. The term “majority,” when referring to approvals to be obtained from shareholders of a fund means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the fund or class represented at a meeting if the holder of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the fund or class are present in person or by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the fund. The term “majority,” when referring to the approvals to be obtained from shareholders of the Trust as a whole means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the Trust’s shares represented at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding shares are present in person or proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding shares. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held and fractional votes for fractional shares held.

 

The Trust is not required to hold regular annual meetings of a fund’s shareholders and does not intend to do so. However, the Trust undertakes to hold a special meeting of its shareholders if the purpose of voting on the question of removal of a director or trustees is requested in writing by the holders of at least 10% of the Trust’s outstanding voting securities, and to assist in communicating with other shareholders as required by Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act. The Trust Instrument provides that the holders of not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust may remove a person serving as Trustee either by declaration in writing or at a meeting called for such purpose.

 

Each share of a fund represents an equal proportional interest in the fund with each other share and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income earned on the assets belonging to the fund as are declared in the discretion of the Trustees. In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of the Trust, shareholders of each fund are entitled to receive the assets attributable to such fund that are available for distribution, and a distribution of any general assets of the Trust not attributable to a particular fund that are available for distribution in such manner and on such basis as the Trustees in their sole discretion may determine.

 

Shareholders are not entitled to any preemptive rights. All shares, when issued, will be fully paid and non-assessable by the Trust.

 

Under Delaware law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of a series of the Trust but only to the extent of the shareholder’s investment in such series. However, the Trust Instrument disclaims liability of the shareholders, Trustees or Officers of the Trust for acts or obligations of the Trust, which are binding only on the assets and property of each series of the Trust and requires that notice of the disclaimer be given in each contract or obligations entered into or executed by the Trust or the Trustees. The risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Trust itself would be unable to meet its obligations and should be considered remote and is limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment in the Fund.

 

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OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS

 

Custodian. The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Custodian”), located at One Wall Street, New York, NY 10286, serves as the custodian for each Fund. As such, the Custodian holds in safekeeping certificated securities and cash belonging to the Funds and, in such capacity, is the registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to the Funds. Upon instruction, the Custodian receives and delivers cash and securities of the Funds in connection with Fund transactions and collects all dividends and other distributions made with respect to Fund portfolio securities. The Custodian also maintains certain accounts and records of the Funds.

 

Transfer Agent. ALPS, pursuant to a Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, serves as transfer agent for each Fund. As Transfer Agent, ALPS has, among other things, agreed to: (a) issue and redeem shares of the Funds; (b) make dividend and other distributions to shareholders of the Funds; (c) effect transfers of shares; (d) mail communications to shareholders of the Funds, including account statements, confirmations, and dividend and distribution notices; (e) facilitate the electronic delivery of shareholder statements and reports and (f) maintain shareholder accounts. Under the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, ALPS receives from the Trust an annual minimum fee and a fee based upon the number of shareholder accounts and is also reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses. As described above, ALPS is an affiliate of ADI.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Deloitte & Touche LLP (“Deloitte”) serves as the Funds’ independent registered public accountant. Deloitte is located at 1601 Wewatta Street, Suite 400, Denver, CO 80202.

 

Counsel. Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP serves as counsel to the Funds and is located at 1550 17th Street, Suite 500, Denver, Colorado 80202.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

 

Yield and Total Return. Each Fund may from time to time include the yield and/or total return of their shares in advertisements or information in advertisements or information furnished to present or prospective shareholders.

 

Each Fund’s yield will vary from time to time depending upon market conditions, the composition of its portfolios and operating expenses of the Trust allocated to the Fund. These factors, possible differences in the methods used in calculating yield, and the tax exempt status of distributions, should be considered when comparing the Fund’s yield to yields published for other investment companies and other investment vehicles. Yield should also be considered relative to changes in the value of a Fund’s shares and to the relative risks associated with the investment objectives and policies of the Funds.

 

At any time in the future, yields and total return may be higher or lower than past yields and there can be no assurance that any historical results will continue.

 

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Investors in either Fund are specifically advised that share prices, expressed as the net asset value per share, will vary just as yield will vary. An investor’s focus on the yield of a Fund to the exclusion of the consideration of the share price of that Fund may result in the investor’s misunderstanding the total return he or she may derive from the Fund.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The audited financial statements and financial highlights in the April 30, 2019 Annual Report (the “Annual Report”) of the Funds are incorporated in this SAI by reference. The audited financial statements and financial highlights in the Annual Report have been audited by Deloitte, whose report thereon appears in the Annual Report. You can obtain additional copies of such Annual Report at no charge by writing or telephoning the Funds at the address or number on the front page of this SAI.

 

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APPENDIX A

 

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

 

Each Fund may make use of average portfolio credit quality standards to assist institutional investors whose own investment guidelines limit their investments accordingly. In determining a Fund’s overall dollar-weighted average quality, unrated securities are treated as if rated, based on the adviser’s view of their comparability to rated securities. A Fund’s use of average quality criteria is intended to be a guide for those investors whose investment guidelines require that assets be invested according to comparable criteria. Reference to an overall average quality rating for a Fund does not mean that all securities held by the Fund will be rated in that category or higher. A Fund’s investments may range in quality from securities rated in the lowest category in which the Fund is permitted to invest to securities rated in the highest category (as rated by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch or, if unrated, determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality). The percentage of a Fund’s assets invested in securities in a particular rating category will vary. Following is a description of Moody’s, S&P’s and Fitch’s ratings applicable to fixed-income securities.

 

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.

 

Corporate and Municipal Bond Ratings

 

Aaa: Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edge.” Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.

 

Aa: Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present that make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than with Aaa securities.

 

A: Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper-medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present that suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.

 

Baa: Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations (i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured), interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.

 

Ba: Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well-assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.

 

 A-1

 

B: Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of a desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.

 

Caa: Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.

 

Ca: Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.

 

C: Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.

 

Moody’s bond ratings, where specified, are applicable to financial contracts, senior bank obligations and insurance company senior policyholder and claims obligations with an original maturity in excess of one year. Obligations relying upon support mechanisms such as letter-of-credit and bonds of indemnity are excluded unless explicitly rated. Obligations of a branch of a bank are considered to be domiciled in the country in which the branch is located.

 

Unless noted as an exception, Moody’s rating on a bank’s ability to repay senior obligations extends only to branches located in countries which carry a Moody’s Sovereign Rating for Bank Deposits. Such branch obligations are rated at the lower of the bank’s rating or Moody’s Sovereign Rating for the Bank Deposits for the country in which the branch is located. When the currency in which an obligation is denominated is not the same as the currency of the country in which the obligation is domiciled, Moody’s ratings do not incorporate an opinion as to whether payment of the obligation will be affected by the actions of the government controlling the currency of denomination. In addition, risk associated with bilateral conflicts between an investor’s home country and cither the issuer’s home country or the country where an issuer branch is located are not incorporated into Moody’s ratings.

 

Moody’s makes no representation that rated bank obligations or insurance company obligations are exempt from registration under the Securities Act or issued in conformity with any other applicable law or regulation. Nor does Moody’s represent that any specific bank or insurance company obligation is legally enforceable or a valid senior obligation of a rated issuer.

 

Moody’s applies numerical modifiers, 1,2, and 3 in each generic rating classified from Aa through Caa in its corporate bond rating system. The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.

 

Corporate Short-Term Debt Ratings

 

Moody’s short-term debt ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to repay punctually senior debt obligations. These obligations have an original maturity not exceeding one year, unless explicitly noted.

 

A-2 

 

Moody’s employs the following three designations, all judged to be investment-grade, to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:

 

PRIME-1: Issuers rated Prime-1 (or supporting institutions) have a superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. Prime-1 repayment ability will often be evidenced by many of the following characteristics: leading market positions in well-established industries; high rates of return on funds employed: conservative capitalization structure with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection; broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation; and well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity.

 

PRIME-2: Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, may be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.

 

PRIME-3: Issuers rated Prime-3 (or supporting institutions) have an acceptable ability for repayment of senior short-term obligations. The effect of industry characteristics and market compositions may be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and may require relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.

 

NOT PRIME: Issuers rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

 

Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services

 

Issue Credit Rating Definitions

 

A Standard & Poor’s issue credit rating is a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The issue credit rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold a financial obligation, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor.

 

Issue credit ratings are based on current information furnished by the obligors or obtained by Standard & Poor’s from other sources it considers reliable. Standard & Poor’s does not perform an audit in connection with any credit rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. Credit ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information, or based on other circumstances.

 

Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days, including commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. The result is a dual rating, in which the short-term rating addresses the put feature, in addition to the usual long-term rating. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.

 

A-3 

 

Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations: likelihood of payment - capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation: nature of and provisions of the obligation; protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.

 

The issue rating definitions are expressed in terms of default risk. As such, they pertain to senior obligations of an entity. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation applies when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.) Accordingly, in the case of junior debt the rating may not conform exactly with the category definition.

 

Corporate and Municipal Bond Ratings

 

Investment-grade

 

AAA: An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

AA: An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest rated obligations only in small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

 

A: An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

 

BBB: An obligation rated ‘BBS’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

Speculative Grade

 

Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’ and ‘C’ are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

 

BB: An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

A-4 

 

B: An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

CCC: An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

CC: An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

 

C: A subordinated debt or preferred stock obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘C’ rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued. A ‘C’ also will be assigned to a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments, but that is currently paying.

 

D: An obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

 

Plus (+) or Minus (–): The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

 

Provisional ratings: The letter “p” indicates that the rating is provisional. A provisional rating assumes the successful completion of the project being financed by the debt being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely or entirely dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the project. This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the project, makes no comment on the likelihood of, or the risk of default upon failure of, such completion. The investor should exercise his own judgment with respect to such likelihood and risk.

 

r: This symbol is attached to the ratings of instruments with significant noncredit risks. It highlights risks to principal or volatility of expected returns which are not addressed in the credit rating. Examples include: obligations linked or indexed to equities, currencies, or commodities; obligations exposed to severe prepayment risk - such as interest-only or principal-only mortgage securities; and obligations with unusually risky interest terms, such as inverse floaters.

 

The absence of an “r” symbol should not be taken as an indication that an obligation will exhibit no volatility or variability in total return.

 

N.R.: This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

 

A-5 

 

Debt obligations of issuers outside the United States and its territories are rated on the same basis as domestic corporate and municipal issues. The ratings measure the creditworthiness of the obligor but do not take into account currency exchange and related uncertainties.

 

Commercial Paper Rating Definitions

 

A Standard & Poor’s commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of debt having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from A for the highest quality obligations to D for the lowest. These categories are as follows:

 

A-1: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

 

A-2: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

 

A-3: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B: A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

C: A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

D: A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

 

A commercial paper rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a security inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor. The ratings are based on current information furnished to Standard & Poor’s by the issuer or obtained from other sources it considers reliable. Standard & Poor’s does not perform an audit in connection with any rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in or unavailability of such information.

 

A-6 

 

Fitch Investor Services, Inc

 

Credit Ratings

 

Fitch’s credit ratings provide an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving their money back in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitch’s credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign (including supranational and sub-national), financial, bank, insurance, municipal and other public finance entities and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.

 

The use of credit ratings defines their function: “investment grade” ratings (international Long-term ‘AAA’ to ‘BBB-’ categories; Short-term ‘F1’ to ‘F3’) indicate relatively low to moderate credit risk, while those in the “speculative” or “non investment grade” categories (international Long-term ‘BB+’ to ‘D’; Short-term ‘B’ to ‘D’) either signal a higher level of credit risk or that a default has already occurred. Credit ratings express risk in relative rank order, which is to say they are ordinal measures of credit risk and are not predictive of a specific frequency of default or loss.

 

Depending on their application, credit ratings address benchmark measures of probability of default as well relative expectations of loss given default. For example, issuers are typically assigned Issuer Default Ratings that are relative measures of default probability. Similarly, short-term credit ratings give primary consideration to the likelihood that obligations will be met on a timely basis. Securities, however, are rated taking into consideration probability of default and loss given default. As a result, for entities such as corporations security ratings may be rated higher, lower or the same as the issuer rating to reflect expectations of the security’s relative recovery prospects, as well as differences in ability and willingness to pay. While recovery analysis plays an important role throughout the ratings scale, it becomes a more critical consideration for below investment-grade securities and obligations, particularly at the lower end of the non-investment-grade ratings scale where Fitch often publishes actual Recovery Ratings, that are complementary to the credit ratings.

 

Structured finance ratings typically are assigned to each individual security or tranche in a transaction, and not to an issuer. Each structured finance tranche is rated on the basis of various stress scenarios in combination with its relative seniority, prioritization of cash flows and other structural mechanisms.

 

International Long-Term Credit Ratings

 

International Long-Term Credit Ratings (LTCR) may also be referred to as Long-Term Ratings. When assigned to most issuers, it is used as a benchmark measure of probability of default and is formally described as an Issuer Default Rating (IDR). The major exception is within Public Finance, where IDRs will not be assigned as market convention has always focused on timeliness and does not draw analytical distinctions between issuers and their underlying obligations. When applied to issues or securities, the LTCR may be higher or lower than the issuer rating (IDR) to reflect relative differences in recovery expectations.

 

A-7 

 

The following rating scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings:

 

Investment Grade

 

AAA

 

Highest credit quality. ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

 

AA

 

Very high credit quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

 

A

 

High credit quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

 

BBB

 

Good credit quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that there is currently expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment grade category.

 

Speculative Grade

 

BB

 

Speculative

 

‘BB’ ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this category are not investment grade.

 

A-8 

 

B

 

Highly speculative

 

For issuers and performing obligations, ‘B’ ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

 

For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for extremely high recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘R1’ (outstanding).

 

CCC

 

For issuers and performing obligations, default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic conditions.

 

For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for average to superior levels of recovery. Differences in credit quality may be denoted by plus/minus distinctions. Such obligations typically would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘R2’ (superior), or ‘R3’ (good) or ‘R4’ (average).

 

CC

 

For issuers and performing obligations, default of some kind appears probable.

 

For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with a Recovery Rating of ‘R4’ (average) or ‘R5’ (below average).

 

C

 

For issuers and performing obligations, default is imminent.

 

For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for below-average to poor recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘R6’ (poor).

 

RD

 

Indicates an entity that has failed to make due payments (within the applicable grace period) on some but not all material financial obligations, but continues to honor other classes of obligations.

 

D

 

Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations. Default generally is defined as one of the following:

 

A-9 

 

failure of an obligor to make timely payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of any financial obligation;

 

the bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of business of an obligor; or

 

the distressed or other coercive exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation.

 

Default ratings are not assigned prospectively; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period.

 

Issuers will be rated ‘D’ upon a default. Defaulted and distressed obligations typically are rated along the continuum of ‘C’ to ‘B’ ratings categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Additionally, in structured finance transactions, where analysis indicates that an instrument is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to meet pay interest and or principal in full in accordance with the terms of the obligation’s documentation during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default in accordance with the terms of the documentation is imminent, the obligation may be rated in the ‘B’ or ‘CCC-C’ categories.

 

Default is determined by reference to the terms of the obligations’ documentation. Fitch will assign default ratings where it has reasonably determined that payment has not been made on a material obligation in accordance with the requirements of the obligation’s documentation, or where it believes that default ratings consistent with Fitch’s published definition of default are the most appropriate ratings to assign.

 

International Short-Term Credit Ratings

 

The following ratings scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings. A Short-term rating has a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for US public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner.

 

F1

 

Highest credit quality. Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

 

F2

 

Good credit quality. A satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.

 

A-10 

 

F3

 

Fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non investment grade.

 

B

 

Speculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

 

C

 

High default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

 

RD

 

Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other obligations.

 

D

 

Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.

 

Notes to International Long-Term and Short-Term ratings:

 

The modifiers “+” or “–” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ Long-term rating category, to categories below ‘CCC’ or to Short-term ratings other than ‘Fl’. (The +/– modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.)

 

Rating Watch: Ratings are placed on Rating Watch to notify investors that there is a reasonable probability of a rating change and the likely direction of such change. These are designated as “Positive,” indicating a potential upgrade, “Negative,” for a potential downgrade, or “Evolving,” if ratings may be raised, lowered or maintained. Rating Watch is typically resolved over a relatively short period.

 

Rating Outlook: An Outlook indicates the direction a rating is likely to move over a one to two-year period. Outlooks may be positive, stable or negative. A positive or negative Rating Outlook does not imply a rating change is inevitable. Similarly, ratings for which outlooks are “stable” could be upgraded or downgraded before an outlook moves to positive or negative if circumstances warrant such an action. Occasionally, Fitch Ratings may be unable to identify the fundamental trend. In these cases, the Rating Outlook may be described as evolving.

 

Program ratings (such as the those assigned to MTN shelf registrations) relate only to standard issues made under the program concerned: it should not be assumed that these ratings apply to every issue made under the program. In particular, in the case of non-standard issues, i.e. those that are linked to the credit of a third party or linked to the performance of an index, ratings of these issues may deviate from the applicable program rating.

 

A-11 

 

Variable rate demand obligations and other securities which contain a short-term “put” or other similar demand feature will have a dual rating, such as AAA/F1+. The first rating reflects the ability to meet long-term principal and interest payments, whereas the second rating reflects the ability to honor the demand feature in full and on time.

 

Interest Only

 

Interest Only ratings are assigned to interest strips. These ratings do not address the possibility that a security holder might fail to recover some or all of its initial investment due to voluntary or involuntary principal repayments.

 

Principal Only

 

Principal Only ratings address the likelihood that a security holder will receive their initial principal investment either before or by the scheduled maturity date.

 

Rate of Return

 

Ratings also may be assigned to gauge the likelihood of an investor receiving a certain predetermined internal rate of return without regard to the precise timing of any cash flows.

 

‘PIF’

 

Paid-in-Full: denotes a security that is paid-in-full, matured, called, or refinanced.

 

‘NR’ indicates that Fitch Ratings does not rate the issuer or issue in question.

 

‘Withdrawn’: A rating is withdrawn when Fitch Ratings deems the amount of information available to be inadequate for rating purposes, or when an obligation matures, is called, or refinanced, or for any other reason Fitch Ratings deems sufficient.

 

A-12 

 

APPENDIX B - Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

 

Vulcan Value Partners, LLC

 

Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures

 

Adopted as of December 29, 2015

 

Proxy Voting Policy

 

Vulcan has responsibility for voting proxies for portfolio securities consistent with the best economic interests of our clients. Our firm maintains written policies and procedures as to the handling, research, voting and reporting of proxy voting and makes appropriate disclosures about our firm’s proxy policies and practices. Our policy and practice includes the responsibility to monitor corporate actions, receive and vote proxies for investment portfolios and disclose any potential conflicts of interest as well as making information available to clients about the voting of proxies for fund portfolio securities and maintaining relevant and required records.

 

Background

 

Proxy voting is an important right of shareholders and reasonable care and diligence must be undertaken to ensure that such rights are properly and timely exercised.

 

Investment advisers registered with the SEC, and which exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, are required by Rule 206(4)-6 of the Advisers Act to (a) adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that client securities are voted in the best interests of clients, which must include how an adviser addresses material conflicts that may arise between an adviser’s interests and those of its clients; (b) to disclose to clients how they may obtain information from the adviser with respect to the voting of proxies for their securities; (c) to describe to clients a summary of its proxy voting policies and procedures and, upon request, furnish a copy to its clients; and (d) maintain certain records relating to the adviser’s proxy voting activities when the adviser does have proxy voting authority.

 

Responsibility

 

The Research Department has the responsibility for the administration of our proxy voting policy.

 

Procedure

 

Vulcan has adopted procedures to ensure the firm’s policy is implemented, observed and amended or updated, as appropriate, which include the following:

 

 B-1

 

Voting Procedures

 

Any proxy materials received on behalf of clients are forwarded to the Research Department;

 

The Research Department will determine which client accounts hold the security to which the proxy relates;

 

Absent material conflicts, the Research Department to determine how Vulcan should vote the proxy in accordance with the voting guidelines noted below, complete the proxy and vote the proxy in a timely and appropriate manner.

 

Vulcan utilizes ProxyEdge, an electronic voting service, to manage the process of meeting notification, voting, tracking, reporting and record maintenance. ProxyEdge provides an automated electronic interface directly to the custodian, bank or broker-dealer.

 

Disclosure

 

Vulcan will provide information to its clients summarizing this proxy voting policy, including a statement that clients may request information regarding how Vulcan voted proxies on behalf of the client, as well as a copy of these policies and procedures.

 

Client Requests for Information

 

Any client requests for information regarding proxy votes, or policies and procedures, received should be forwarded to the Chief Compliance Officer.

 

In response to any request, the Chief Compliance Officer will prepare a response to the client with the information requested, and as applicable will include the name of the issuer, the proposal voted upon, and how Vulcan voted the client’s proxies.

 

Voting Guidelines

 

Vulcan will use its best judgment to vote proxies in the best interests of each client. Vulcan’s policy is to vote all proxies from a specific issuer the same way for each client absent qualifying restrictions from a client.

 

Vulcan will generally vote in favor of routine corporate governance proposals such as the election of directors, change in state of incorporation or capital structure and selection of auditors absent conflicts of interest raised by an auditor’s non-audit services.

 

Vulcan will vote in favor of management on non-routine corporate governance issues unless voting with management would limit shareholder rights or have a negative impact on shareholder value. Non-routine issues may include, but not be limited to, corporate restructuring, mergers and acquisitions, proposals affecting shareholder rights, anti-takeover issues, executive compensation, and social and political issues. In cases where the number of shares in all equity compensation plans exceed 10% of basic shares outstanding, Vulcan generally votes against proposals that will increase shareholder dilution.

 

B-2 

 

Vulcan will generally vote against proposals that cause board members to become entrenched or cause unequal voting rights.

 

Vulcan may further consider the recommendations of management and the effect on management, and the effect on shareholder value and the issuer’s business practices.

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

Vulcan will identify any conflicts that exist between its interests and those of the client by reviewing Vulcan’s relationship with the issuer of each security to determine if Vulcan or any of its employees has any financial, business, or personal relationship with the issuer.

 

If a material conflict of interest exists, the Chief Compliance Officer will determine whether it is appropriate to disclose the conflict to the affected client, to give the client an opportunity to vote the proxies themselves, or to address the voting issue through other objective means such as abstaining, voting in a manner consistent with a predetermined voting policy or receiving an independent third party voting recommendation.

 

Any decision to override a vote due to a conflict of interest will be made by the Research Team and reported to the CCO who will record in writing the basis for any such determination.

 

Vulcan will maintain a record of the resolution of any conflict of interest concerning voting.

 

Recordkeeping

 

The Chief Compliance Officer shall retain the following proxy records in accordance with the SEC’s five-year retention requirement.

 

These policies and procedures and any amendments;

 

Each proxy statement that Vulcan receives;

 

A record of each vote that Vulcan casts;

 

Any document Vulcan created that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies, or that memorializes that voting decision.

 

A copy of each written request from a client for information on how Vulcan voted such client fund’s proxies, and a copy of any written response.

 

B-3 

 

August 31, 2019


STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

Name of Fund Ticker
Investor Class

Institutional

Class

Rondure New World Fund RNWOX RNWIX
Rondure Overseas Fund ROSOX ROSIX

 

 

P.O. Box 13664

Denver, CO 80201

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) expands upon and supplements the information contained in the current Prospectus for Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares (collectively, the “Shares”) of the Funds listed above, each of which is a separate series of Financial Investors Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”). Each of these series of the Trust represents shares of beneficial interest in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets with its own investment objective and policies. This SAI is not a prospectus and is only authorized for distribution when preceded or accompanied by each Fund’s current prospectus dated August 31, 2019, as supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”). This SAI supplements and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus, a copy of each of which may be obtained without charge by writing the Funds at the address listed above, or by calling the Funds’ transfer agent at 1-855-775-3337. The Funds’ most recent Annual Report, if any, is incorporated by reference into this SAI and can be obtained free of charge, by calling the toll-free number printed above.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

  Page
Classification, Investment Objectives and Policies 1
Investment Limitations 33
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings 35
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage 39
Purchase, Exchange & Redemption of Shares 44
Trustees and Officers 51
Investment Manager 59
Distributor 61
Code of Ethics 61
Administrator 61
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures 62
Control Persons, Principal Shareholders and Management Ownership 62
Expenses 64
Portfolio Manager 64
Net Asset Value 66
Federal Income Taxes 67
Description of the Trust 80
Other Information about the Funds 81
Performance Information 82
Financial Statements 82
Appendix A -- Description of Securities Ratings A-1
Appendix B -- Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures B-1

 

 

 

CLASSIFICATION, INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

 

Financial Investors Trust

 

This SAI includes information about two series of the Trust, the Rondure New World Fund and the Rondure Overseas Fund (each a “Fund,” collectively, the “Funds”). Each Fund is a series of the Trust, an open-end, management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust on November 30, 1993.

 

Each Fund is advised by Rondure Global Advisors, LLC, (“Rondure” or the “Adviser”).

 

Classification

 

The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), classifies mutual funds as either diversified or non-diversified. Each Fund is classified as diversified.

 

What are the Funds’ Investment Objectives?

 

Each Fund seeks to achieve long-term growth of capital.

 

While there is no assurance that a Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in the Prospectus.

 

The Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change this objective or a Fund’s principal investment strategies without a shareholder vote. Each Fund will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to a Fund’s objective or principal investment strategies, you should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

What are the Funds’ Principal Investment Strategies?

 

Rondure New World Fund

 

The Fund will, under normal market conditions, invest at least 40% of its assets, calculated at the time of purchase, in equity securities of (i) issuers either organized or having headquarters in countries outside the United States, or (ii) issuers having a majority of their assets or revenues attributable to countries outside the United States. Collectively, such issuers will typically be organized, headquartered or economically linked to not less than three different countries other than the United States. Though the Fund may, subject to the requirements described above, invest in issuers located throughout the world, the Adviser expects that such issuers will typically have exposure to emerging or frontier markets, which the Adviser collectively regards as those countries excluded from the MSCI World Index of developed countries.

 

There is no minimum or maximum with respect to the cap ranges that the Fund may invest in, however it will primarily invest in companies with market capitalizations above $1.5 billion at the time of purchase. Equity securities include common stock, preferred stocks, warrants and rights, and other securities with equity characteristics (e.g. participatory notes and exchange traded funds “ETFs” linked to underlying equity securities).

 

1 

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe followed by ‘bottom up’ fundamental analysis to identify high quality companies that it believes can provide sustainable returns and also to assess when it is time to sell a holding. It will seek to invest in what it considers to be great companies at good prices and good companies at great prices. The Adviser’s fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively to visit companies.

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best risk-adjusted return opportunities currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

At times, the Fund may invest in Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). The Fund may also invest in investment grade (rated Baa3/BBB- or higher by Moody’s or Standard & Poor’s respectively) corporate or government debt obligations (from U.S. as well as non-U.S. issuers, typically with average durations of two years or less, with a variety of maturities), and in foreign exchange futures contracts or currency forward contracts (for risk management purposes). The Fund does not intend to invest in unrated debt instruments.

 

The Fund may, from time to time and primarily for risk management purposes, hold either gold bullion or equity securities of issuers principally engaged in the gold industry (including securities of gold mining finance companies, gold mining operating companies, or gold-related investment companies). While neither the Fund’s holdings in gold bullion nor the Fund’s holdings of gold-related securities are, under normal market conditions, expected to exceed 5% of the Fund’s assets, the combination of such gold and gold-related holdings may constitute up to 10% of the Fund’s assets. The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940. To the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies, an underlying acquired fund’s investments will be considered for purposes of compliance with the Fund’s 40% investment policy described above. For purposes of the Fund’s 40% investment policy described above, “assets” are defined as net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

Rondure Overseas Fund

 

The Fund will, under normal market conditions, invest at least 80% of its assets, calculated at the time of purchase, in equity securities of (i) issuers either organized or having headquarters in countries outside the United States, or (ii) issuers having a majority of their assets or revenues attributable to countries outside the United States. Though the Fund may, subject to the requirements described above, invest in issuers located throughout the world, the Adviser expects that such issuers will typically have primary exposure to developed foreign markets, which the Adviser collectively regards as those countries within the MSCI World Index of developed countries. There is no minimum or maximum with respect to the cap ranges that the Fund may invest in, however it will primarily invest in companies with market capitalizations above $1.5 billion at the time of purchase. Equity securities include common stock, preferred stocks, securities convertible into common stock, warrants and rights, and other securities with equity characteristics (e.g. ETFs linked to underlying equity securities).

 

2 

 

The Adviser uses a process of quantitative screening of the financial trends and health of each company in its investment universe followed by ‘bottom up’ fundamental analysis to identify high quality companies that it believes can provide sustainable returns and also to assess when it is time to sell a holding. It will seek to invest in what it considers to be great companies at good prices and good companies at great prices. The Adviser’s fundamental analysis generally includes studying the company, its industry, and its competitors, as well as talking with the management team. The Adviser travels extensively to visit companies.

 

The Adviser invests in what it believes to be the best investments available without regard to benchmark weightings in regions, countries or industries. The Adviser may significantly shift Fund assets between asset classes, sectors and geographic regions based on where it believes the best risk-adjusted return opportunities currently exist. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in a few sectors or regions.

 

At times, the Fund may invest in Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). The Fund may also invest in investment grade (rated Baa3/BBB- or higher by Moody’s or Standard & Poor’s respectively) corporate or government debt obligations (from U.S. as well as non-U.S. issuers, typically with average durations of two years or less, with a variety of maturities), and in foreign exchange futures contracts or currency forward contracts (for risk management purposes). The Fund does not intend to invest in unrated debt instruments.

 

The Fund may, from time to time and primarily for risk management purposes, hold either gold bullion or equity securities of issuers principally engaged in the gold industry (including securities of gold mining finance companies, gold mining operating companies, or gold-related investment companies). While neither the Fund’s holdings in gold bullion nor the Fund’s holdings of gold-related securities are, under normal market conditions, expected to exceed 5% of the Fund’s assets, the combination of such gold and gold-related holdings may constitute up to 10% of the Fund’s assets. The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940. To the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies, an underlying acquired fund’s investments will be considered for purposes of compliance with the Fund’s 80% investment policy described above. For purposes of the Fund’s 80% investment policy described above, “assets” are defined as net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

Additional Investment Activities and Risks

 

The principal risks associated with each Fund’s principal investment strategies are described in the Prospectus. The following section describes in greater detail than the Prospectus certain of the Funds’ investment strategies and the associated risks.

 

3 

 

Investment Activity/Risk Principal Non-Principal
Borrowing to Purchase Securities (Leveraging)  
Convertible Securities  
Corporate Bonds  
Derivatives  
Futures Contracts  
Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”)  
Foreign Currency Transactions  
Foreign Securities  
Gold Bullion Risk  
Gold-Related Issuers Risk  
Illiquid Securities  
Lending of Portfolio Securities  
Money Market Instruments  
Mortgage-Related Securities  
Municipal Obligations  
Non-Investment Grade Securities  
Preferred Stock  
Real Estate Securities  
Repurchase Agreements  
Reverse Repurchase Agreements  
Securities of Other Investment Companies  
Short Sales  
Stripped Obligations  
Swap Agreements  
United States Government Securities  
U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protection Securities  
Variable Amount Master Demand Notes  
Variable and Floating Rate Securities  
Warrants  
When-Issued Securities  
Calculation of Portfolio Turnover Rate  

 

Borrowing to Purchase Securities (Leveraging). The Funds may use leverage, that is, borrow money to purchase securities. Leverage increases both investment opportunity and investment risk. If the investment gains on securities purchased with borrowed money exceed the borrowing costs (including interest), the net asset value of a Fund will rise. On the other hand, if the investment gains fail to cover the borrowing costs or if there are losses, the net asset value of a Fund will decrease.

 

The 1940 Act requires borrowings to have 300% net asset coverage, which means, in effect, that each Fund would be permitted to borrow up to an amount equal to one-third of the value of its total assets. If a Fund fails to meet this asset coverage test for any reason including adverse market conditions, it will be required to reduce borrowings within three business days to the extent necessary to meet the test. This requirement may make it necessary to sell a portion of a Fund’s securities at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so. The amount a Fund can borrow may also be limited by applicable margin limitations of the Federal Reserve Board. Briefly, these provide that banks subject to the Federal Reserve Act may not make loans for the purpose of buying or carrying margin stocks if the loan is secured directly or indirectly by a margin stock, to the extent that the loan is greater than the maximum loan value of the collateral securing the loan.

 

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Despite the potential risks of leveraging, the Adviser believes there may be times when it may be advantageous to the Funds to borrow to make investments. For example, when a portfolio manager perceives unusual opportunities in the market or in a particular sector, the portfolio manager may want to be more than 100% invested. Borrowing may also be considered when stock prices and trading volume are not favorable for securities a portfolio manager wants to sell, but stock prices and trading volume are favorable for securities the portfolio manager wants to buy. In these situations, which arise infrequently, borrowing may allow a portfolio manager to take advantage of favorable opportunities to purchase desired securities without having to sell securities at unfavorable prices.

 

Convertible Securities. The Funds may invest in convertible securities. These are generally bonds or preferred stocks that are convertible into a corporation’s common stock. Convertible securities entitle the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible securities mature or are redeemed, converted or exchanged. Prior to conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to ordinary debt securities or preferred stocks in that they normally provide a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than those of common stock of the same or similar issuers. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure and therefore generally entail less risk of loss of principal than the corporation’s common stock.

 

In selecting convertible securities for the Funds, the Adviser will consider, among other factors: its evaluation of the creditworthiness of the issuers of the securities; the interest or dividend income generated by the securities; the potential for capital appreciation of the securities and the underlying common stocks; the prices of the securities relative to other comparable securities and to the underlying common stocks; whether the securities are entitled to the benefits of sinking funds or other protective conditions; diversification of a Fund’s portfolio as to issuers; and whether the securities are rated by a rating agency and, if so, the ratings assigned.

 

The value of convertible securities is a function of their investment value (determined by yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege) and their conversion value (their worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of convertible securities is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline, and by the credit standing of the issuer and other factors. The conversion value of convertible securities is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible securities is governed principally by their investment value. To the extent the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible securities will be increasingly influenced by their conversion value. In addition, convertible securities generally sell at a premium over their conversion value determined by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding fixed income securities.

 

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Capital appreciation for a Fund may result from an improvement in the credit standing of an issuer whose securities are held in the Fund or from a general lowering of interest rates, or a combination of both. Conversely, a reduction in the credit standing of an issuer whose securities are held by a Fund or a general increase in interest rates may be expected to result in capital depreciation to the Fund. Convertible securities may have mandatory sinking fund provisions prior to maturity, a negative feature when interest rates decline.

 

Refer to Appendix A for a description of preferred stock and long- and short-term debt ratings.

 

Corporate Bonds. The Funds may invest in corporate bonds that are rated, at the time of purchase, in the four highest categories by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s Ratings Service, Inc., a division of McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“S&P”) or other nationally recognized rating agencies or unrated securities deemed by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. The Funds may also invest in corporate bonds that are lower rated (Moody’s Ba or lower or S&P BB or lower). These lower rated bonds are also known as “non-investment grade debt securities” or “junk bonds.” See Appendix A for a description of ratings on investment grade and non-investment grade debt securities.

 

Derivatives. The Funds may use derivatives, such as futures, options, options on futures, and forward foreign currency exchange contracts. A derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on (or “derived from”) a traditional security (such as a stock or bond), an asset (such as a commodity like gold), or a market index (such as the S&P 500). A derivative contract will obligate or entitle a Fund to deliver or receive an asset or cash payment based on the change in one or more securities, currencies, indices or other assets. The Funds may use derivatives for hedging purposes, including to attempt to protect against possible changes in the market value of securities held or to be purchased for a Fund’s portfolio resulting from securities markets, currency exchange rate or interest rate fluctuations (i.e., to hedge); protect the Fund’s unrealized gains reflected in the value of its portfolio securities; facilitate the sale of such securities for investment purposes; and as a substitute for buying or selling securities, securities indices or currencies. The Funds may also use derivatives for non-hedging (speculative) purposes including to enhance a Fund’s returns. A Fund may use any or all of these investment techniques and different types of derivative securities may be purchased at any time and in any combination. There is no particular strategy that dictates the use of one technique rather than another, as use of derivatives is a function of numerous variables, including market conditions.

 

The use of derivatives presents risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in traditional securities. Among the risks presented are market risk, credit risk, management risk and liquidity risk. The primary risk with many derivatives is that they can amplify a gain or loss, potentially earning or losing substantially more money than the actual cost of the derivative instrument. These risks are heightened when the management team uses derivatives to enhance the Fund’s return or as a substitute for a position or security, rather than solely to hedge (or offset) the risk of a position or security held by the Fund. In addition, certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited losses regardless of the size of the initial investment. Derivatives also involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuations (particularly, for non-standardized contracts) and the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the relevant assets, rates and indices. Derivatives may also be less liquid and may be difficult or impossible to sell or terminate at a desirable time or price. Derivatives may also involve credit risk which is the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the failure of a counterparty to comply with the terms of a derivative instrument. The counterparty risk for exchange-traded derivatives is generally less than for privately-negotiated or over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives, since generally a clearing agency, which is the issuer or counterparty to each exchange-traded instrument, provides a guarantee of performance. For privately-negotiated instruments, there is no similar clearing agency guarantee. Use of derivatives may also increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxes payable by shareholders. The Fund may lose money on derivatives or may not fully benefit on derivatives if changes in their value do not correspond accurately to changes in the value of the Fund’s holdings. A Fund’s ability to benefit from derivatives is largely dependent on the Adviser’s ability to use such strategies successfully.

 

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Rule 4.5 under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”), as amended, exempts an adviser of a fund that invests in “commodity interests” from registration as a “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) provided that, among other restrictions, the adviser enters into such positions solely for “bona fide hedging purposes” or limits its use of commodity interests for non-bona fide hedging purposes such that (i) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish non-bona fide hedging positions do not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the fund’s portfolio, or (ii) the aggregate “notional value” of the non-bona fide hedging commodity interests do not exceed 100% of the liquidation value of the fund’s portfolio.

 

To the extent a Fund uses ‘commodity interests’ as part of its portfolio, the Adviser expects to manage the Fund so as to comply with the restrictions of CFTC Rule 4.5, including filing a notice of eligibility of exemption from registration in accordance with applicable procedures and deadlines. Though there is no present intent to do so, if the Adviser believes it would be appropriate to hold commodity interests in excess of the Rule 4.5 limits, it will pursue the appropriate registrations with the CFTC.

 

For more information about the various types of derivatives, see the sections in this SAI discussing such securities including Futures Contracts; Put and Call Options and Options and Futures Relating to Foreign Currencies.

 

Futures Contracts. The Funds may enter into futures contracts. Futures contracts are standardized, exchange-traded contracts that require delivery of the underlying financial instrument (such as a bond, currency or stock index) at a specified price, on a specified future date. The buyer of the futures contract agrees to buy the underlying financial instruments from the seller at a fixed purchase price upon the expiration of the contract. The seller of the futures contract agrees to sell the underlying financial instrument to the buyer at expiration at the fixed sales price. In most cases, delivery never takes place. Instead, both the buyer and the seller, acting independently of each other, usually liquidate their long and short positions before the contract expires; the buyer sells futures and the seller buys futures.

 

The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of its underlying instrument. Therefore, purchasing futures contracts will tend to increase a Fund’s exposure to positive and negative price fluctuations in the underlying instrument, much as if it had purchased the underlying instrument directly. When a Fund sells a futures contract, by contrast, the value of its futures position will tend to move in a direction contrary to the market. Selling futures contracts, therefore, will tend to offset both positive and negative market price changes, much as if the underlying instrument had been sold.

 

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Futures may be used for hedging (i.e., to protect against adverse future price movements in a Fund’s portfolio securities, or in securities a Fund intends to purchase). For example, if the portfolio manager thinks that the stock market might decline, the portfolio manager could sell stock index futures to safeguard a Fund’s portfolio. If the market declines as anticipated, the value of stocks in a Fund’s portfolio would decrease, but the value of a Fund’s futures contracts would increase. The Funds may also use futures contracts to speculate on the market. For example, the portfolio manager might buy stock index futures on the expectation that the value of a particular index will rise, even though the stocks comprising the index are unrelated to stocks held or intended to be purchased by a Fund. Using futures for speculation, however, involves significant risk since futures contracts are highly leveraged instruments. When a portfolio manager enters into a futures contract, the manager needs to put up only a small fraction of the value of the underlying contract as collateral, yet gains or losses will be based on the full value of the contract.

 

The use of futures contracts would expose the Funds to additional investment risks and transaction costs. Risks include: the risk that securities prices will not move in the direction that the Adviser anticipates; an imperfect correlation between the price of the futures contract and movements in the prices of any securities being hedged; the possible absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular futures contract and possible exchange-imposed price fluctuation limits; and leverage risk, which is the risk that adverse price movements in a futures contract can result in a loss substantially greater than a Fund’s initial investment in that contract. A relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in an immediate and substantial loss (or gain) to the Fund.

 

The Funds may enter into futures contracts and related options as permitted under CFTC Rules. The Adviser expects that the Funds’ futures transactions will generally include transactions: (i) on domestic and foreign exchanges on currencies, interest rates and bond indices; and (ii) on domestic and, to the extent permitted by the CFTC, foreign exchanges on stock indices. To the extent a Fund uses ‘commodity interests’ as part of its portfolio, the Adviser expects to manage the Fund so as to comply with the restrictions of CFTC Rule 4.5, including filing a notice of eligibility of exemption from registration in accordance with applicable procedures and deadlines. Though there is no present intent to do so, if the Adviser believes it would be appropriate to hold commodity interests in excess of the Rule 4.5 limits, it will pursue the appropriate registrations with the CFTC. CFTC regulations governing the use of commodity interests, including certain futures contracts, by investment companies such as the Funds may be subject to amendment. Amendments to such regulations by the CFTC may affect the ability of the Funds to use futures and commodity interests, and could affect the Funds’ ability to achieve its investment objective.

 

Futures Margin Payments. The purchaser or seller of a futures contract is not required to deliver or pay for the underlying instrument unless the contract is held until the delivery date. However, both the purchaser and seller are required to deposit “initial margin” with a futures broker, known as a futures commission merchant (FCM), when the contract (or written options thereon) is entered into. Initial margin deposits are typically equal to a percentage of the contract’s value. If the value of either party’s position declines, that party will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to settle the change in value on a daily basis. The party that has a gain may be entitled to receive all or a portion of this amount. Initial and variation margin payments do not constitute purchasing securities on margin for purposes of the investment limitations of the Funds. In the event of the bankruptcy of an FCM that holds margin on behalf of a Fund, the Fund may be entitled to a return of the margin owed only in proportion to the amount received by the FCM’s other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the respective Fund. Because of the low margin deposits required, futures trading involves an extremely high degree of leverage. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in a substantial loss as well as a gain, to an investor.

 

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Options and Futures Relating to Foreign Currencies. The Funds may engage in options and futures transactions related to foreign currencies. Currency futures contracts are similar to forward currency exchange contracts, except that they are traded on exchanges (and have margin requirements) and are standardized as to contract size and delivery date. Most currency futures contracts call for payment or delivery in U.S. dollars. The underlying instrument of a currency option may be a foreign currency, which generally is purchased or delivered in exchange for U.S. dollars, or may be a futures contract. The purchaser of a currency call obtains the right to purchase the underlying currency. The purchaser of a currency put obtains the right to sell the underlying currency.

 

The uses and risks of currency options and futures are similar to options and futures relating to securities or indexes, as discussed above. The Funds may purchase and sell currency futures and may purchase and write currency options to increase or decrease exposure to different foreign currencies. The Funds may also purchase and write currency options in conjunction with each other or with currency futures or forward contracts. Currency futures and options values can be expected to correlate with exchange rates, but may not reflect other factors that affect the value of the Funds’ investments. A currency hedge, for example, should protect a yen-denominated security from a decline in the yen, but will not protect the Funds against a price decline resulting from deterioration in the issuer’s creditworthiness. Because the value of the Funds’ foreign-denominated investments changes in response to many factors other than exchange rates, it may not be possible to match the amount of currency options and futures to the value of the Funds’ investments exactly over time.

 

Asset Coverage for Futures and Options Positions. As investment companies registered with the SEC, the Funds must “set aside” (often referred to as “asset segregation”) liquid assets, or engage in other SEC- or staff-approved measures to “cover” open positions with respect to certain kinds of derivative instruments (including swaps, options, futures and forward contracts). In the case of derivative contracts that do not cash settle, for example, a Fund will typically set aside liquid assets equal to the full notional value of the derivative contracts while the positions are open. With respect to derivative contracts that do cash settle, however, a Fund may set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligations (i.e., the Fund’s daily net liability) under the derivative contracts, if any, rather than their full notional value, except that a Fund will segregate the full notional value of the swap to cover its obligations in the event that the Fund is acting as a seller of a credit default swap. Each Fund reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future to, among other things, comply with any changes in the positions from time to time articulated by the SEC or its staff regarding asset segregation. By setting aside assets equal to only its net obligations under cash-settled derivative contracts, a Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to segregate assets equal to the full notional amount of the derivative contracts.

 

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Limitations on Futures and Commodity Options Transactions.

 

The Funds’ investments in futures contracts and commodity options, as well as such Funds’ policies regarding futures contracts and options, are subject to CFTC rules discussed elsewhere in this SAI, and may be changed as regulatory agencies permit.

 

Put and Call Options. The Funds may purchase and write put and call options. Such options may relate to particular securities, indices or futures contracts, may or may not be listed on a domestic or non-U.S. securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the Options Clearing Corporation. A put option gives the purchaser the right to sell a security or other instrument to the writer of the option at a stated price during the term of the option. A call option gives the purchaser the right to purchase a security or other instrument from the writer of the option at a stated price during the term of the option. The Funds may use put and call options for a variety of purposes. For example, if the portfolio manager wishes to hedge a security owned by a Fund against a decline in price, the portfolio manager may purchase a put option on the underlying security; i.e., purchase the right to sell the security to a third party at a stated price. If the underlying security then declines in price, the portfolio manager can exercise the put option, thus limiting the amount of loss resulting from the decline in price. Similarly, if the portfolio manager intends to purchase a security at some date in the future, the portfolio manager may purchase a call option on the security today in order to hedge against an increase in its price before the intended purchase date. Put and call options also can be used for speculative purposes for the Funds. For example, if a portfolio manager believes that the price of stocks generally is going to rise, the manager may purchase a call option on a stock index, the components of which are unrelated to the stocks held or intended to be purchased.

 

Purchasing Put and Call Options. The Funds may purchase put and call options. By purchasing a put option, a Fund obtains the right (but not the obligation) to sell the option’s underlying instrument at a fixed strike price. In return for this right, the Fund pays the current market price for the option (known as the option premium). Options have various types of underlying instruments, including specific securities, indexes of securities prices and futures contracts. A Fund may terminate its position in a put option it has purchased by allowing it to expire, by exercising the option or if able, by selling the option. If the option is allowed to expire, the Fund will lose the entire premium it paid. If the Fund exercises the option, it completes the sale of the underlying instrument at the strike price. A Fund may also terminate a put option position by closing it out in the secondary market at its current price, if a liquid secondary market exists.

 

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The buyer of a typical put option can expect to realize a gain if a security’s price falls substantially. However, if the underlying instrument’s price does not fall enough to offset the cost of purchasing the option, a put buyer can expect to suffer a loss (limited to the amount of the premium paid, plus related transaction costs).

 

The features of call options are essentially the same as those of put options, except that the purchaser of a call option obtains the right to purchase, rather than sell, the underlying instrument at the option’s strike price. A call buyer typically attempts to participate in potential price increases of the underlying instrument with risk limited to the cost of the option if the security’s price falls. At the same time, the buyer can expect to suffer a loss if the security’s price does not rise sufficiently to offset the cost of the option.

 

Each Fund will not invest more than 10% of the value of its net assets in purchased options.

 

Writing Put and Call Options. The Funds may write (i.e., sell) put and call options. When a Fund writes a put option, it takes the opposite side of the transaction from the option’s purchaser. In return for receipt of the premium, the Fund assumes the obligation to pay the strike price for the option’s underlying instrument if the other party to the option chooses to exercise it. When writing an option on a futures contract the Fund would be required to make margin payments to an FCM as described above for futures contracts. The Fund may seek to terminate its position in put options it writes before exercise by closing out the option in the secondary market at its current price. If the secondary market is not liquid for put options the Fund has written, however, the Fund must continue to be prepared to pay the strike price while the option is outstanding, regardless of price changes, and must continue to set aside assets to cover its position. If the underlying security’s price rises, however, a put writer would generally expect to profit, although its gain would be limited to the amount of the premium it received.

 

If the security’s price remains the same over time, it is likely that the put writer will also profit, because it should be able to close out the option at a lower price. If the security’s price falls, the put writer would expect to suffer a loss. This loss should be less than the loss from purchasing the underlying instrument directly, however, because the premium received for writing the option should mitigate the effects of the decline.

 

Writing a call option obligates a Fund to sell or deliver the option’s underlying instrument, in return for the strike price, upon exercise of the option. The characteristics of writing call options are similar to those of writing put options, except that writing calls generally is a profitable strategy if prices remain the same or fall. Through receipt of the option premium, a call writer mitigates the effects of a price decline. At the same time, because a call writer must be prepared to deliver the underlying instrument in return for the strike price, even if its current value is greater, a call writer gives up some ability to participate in the security’s price increase.

 

The Funds will write only “covered” put and call options.

 

A call option written by a Fund is “covered” if the Fund: (a) owns the underlying security covered by the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash consideration upon conversion or exchange of other securities held in its portfolio; or (b) meets the asset coverage requirements described under “Asset Coverage for Futures and Options Positions” above.

 

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A put option written by a Fund is “covered” if the Fund: (a) holds a put on the same security having the same principal amount as the put option it has written and the exercise price of the put held is equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put written; or (b) meets the asset coverage requirements described under “Asset Coverage for Futures and Options Positions” above.

 

If options are “covered” by the Fund meeting the asset coverage requirements, the Fund’s economic exposure is not limited as it would be if the options are “covered” as described in paragraphs (a) above.

 

OTC Options. The Funds may engage in OTC options transactions. Unlike exchange-traded options, which are standardized with respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size, and strike price, the terms of OTC options (options not traded on exchanges) generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract. While this type of arrangement allows a Fund greater flexibility to tailor options to its needs, OTC options generally involve greater credit and default risk than exchange-traded options, which are guaranteed by the clearing organization of the exchanges where they are traded.

 

Additional Risks of Options and Futures Contracts.

 

Market Risk. Market risk is the risk that the value of the underlying assets may go up or down. Adverse movements in the value of an underlying asset can expose the Fund to losses. Market risk is the primary risk associated with derivative transactions, such as futures and options. Derivative instruments may include elements of leverage and, accordingly, fluctuations in the value of the derivative instrument in relation to the underlying asset may be magnified. The successful use of futures and options depends upon a variety of factors, particularly the portfolio manager’s ability to predict movements of the securities, currencies and commodities markets, which may require different skills than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. There can be no assurance that any particular strategy adopted will succeed.

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the failure of a counterparty to comply with the terms of a derivative instrument. The counterparty risk for exchange-traded derivatives is generally less than for privately-negotiated or OTC derivatives, since generally a clearing agency, which is the issuer or counterparty to each exchange-traded instrument, provides a guarantee of performance. For privately-negotiated instruments, there is no similar clearing agency guarantee. In all transactions, the Fund will bear the risk that the counterparty will default, and this could result in a loss of the expected benefit of the derivative transactions and possibly other losses to the Fund.

 

Lack of Correlation of Price Changes. Because there are a limited number of types of exchange-traded options and futures contracts, it is likely that the standardized contracts available will not match a Fund’s current or anticipated investments exactly. The Funds may invest in options and futures contracts based on securities with different issuers, maturities, or other characteristics from the securities in which they typically invest, which involve a risk that the respective Fund’s options or futures positions will not track the performance of the Fund’s other investments.

 

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Options and futures prices can also diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments, even if the underlying instruments match the Fund’s investments well. Options and futures prices are affected by such factors as current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument, and the time remaining until expiration of the contract, which may not affect a security’s price the same way. Imperfect correlation may also result from differing levels of demand in the options and futures markets and the securities markets, from structural differences in how options, futures and securities are traded, or from imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or trading halts. The Funds may purchase or sell options and futures contracts with a greater or lesser value than the securities they wish to hedge or intend to purchase in order to attempt to compensate for differences in volatility between the contract and the securities, although this may not be successful in all cases. If price changes in a Fund’s options or futures positions are poorly correlated with other investments, the positions may fail to produce anticipated gains or result in losses that are not offset by gains in other investments.

 

Liquidity of Options and Futures Contracts. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option or futures contract at any particular time. Options may have relatively low trading volume and liquidity if their strike prices are not close to the underlying instrument’s current price. In addition, exchanges may establish daily price fluctuation limits for options and futures contracts, and may halt trading if a contract’s price moves upward or downward more than the limit in a given day. On volatile trading days when the price fluctuation limit is reached or a trading halt is imposed, it may be impossible for the respective Fund to enter into new positions or close out existing positions. In addition, if unable to close a future position, in the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would be required to make daily cash payments in order to maintain its required margin. In such situation, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell other portfolio securities at an inopportune time to meet daily margin requirements. If the secondary market for a contract is not liquid because of price fluctuation limits or otherwise, it could prevent prompt liquidation of unfavorable positions, and potentially could require the applicable Fund to continue to hold a position until delivery or expiration regardless of changes in its value. As a result, the Fund’s access to other assets held to cover options or futures positions could also be impaired.

 

Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”). The Funds may invest in ETFs. ETFs are investment companies, the shares of which are bought and sold on a securities exchange. The securities of an ETF are redeemable only in larger aggregation of a specified number of shares and generally on an in-kind basis. Generally, certain ETFs may represent a portfolio of securities designed to track the composition and/or performance of specific indexes or portfolio of specific indexes, while other ETFs may be actively managed that do not track an index (generally referred to as actively-managed ETFs). The market prices of ETF investments will fluctuate in accordance with both changes in the underlying portfolio securities of the investment company and also due to supply and demand of the investment company’s shares on the exchange upon which its shares are traded. Index-based investments may not replicate or otherwise match the composition or performance of their specified index due to transaction costs, among other things. Examples of ETFs include SPDRs®, Select Sector SPDRs®, DIAMONDSSM, NASDAQ 100 Shares and iShares.

 

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There are many reasons a Fund would purchase an ETF. For example, a Fund could purchase an ETF to temporarily gain exposure to a portion of the U.S. or a foreign market while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. The risks of owning an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities in which the ETF invests and the investment strategies of the ETF. However, lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in it being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities and ETFs have operating expenses, including management fees that increase their costs versus the costs of owning the underlying securities directly. The Funds may purchase ETFs to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, rules thereunder or as described below, to the extent permitted by exemptive orders granted to the various ETFs by the SEC. (See also the description of “Securities of Other Investment Companies”).

 

Foreign Currency Transactions. The Funds may hold foreign currency deposits from time to time and may convert dollars and foreign currencies in the foreign exchange markets. Currency conversion involves dealer spreads and other costs, although commissions usually are not charged. Currencies may be exchanged on a spot (i.e., cash) basis, or by entering into forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies at a future date and price. Forward contracts generally are traded on an interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. The parties to a forward contract may agree to offset or terminate the contract before its maturity, or may hold the contract to maturity and complete the contemplated currency exchange.

 

The Funds may use currency forward contracts to manage currency risks and to facilitate transactions in foreign securities. The following discussion summarizes the principal currency management strategies involving forward contracts that could be used by the Funds.

 

In connection with purchases and sales of securities denominated in foreign currencies, the Funds may enter into currency forward contracts to fix a definite price for the purchase or sale in advance of the trade’s settlement date. This technique is sometimes referred to as a “settlement hedge” or “transaction hedge.” The Adviser expects to enter into settlement hedges in the normal course of managing the respective Fund’s foreign investments. The Funds could also enter into forward contracts to purchase or sell a foreign currency in anticipation of future purchases or sales of securities denominated in foreign currency, even if the specific investments have not yet been selected by the Adviser.

 

The Funds may also use forward contracts to hedge against a decline in the value of existing investments denominated in foreign currency. For example, if the Funds owned securities denominated in pounds sterling, they could enter into a forward contract to sell pounds sterling in return for U.S. dollars to hedge against possible declines in the pound’s value. Such a hedge, sometimes referred to as a “position hedge,” would tend to offset both positive and negative currency fluctuations but would not offset changes in security values caused by other factors. The Funds could also hedge the position by selling another currency expected to perform similarly to the pound sterling—for example, by entering into a forward contract to sell European Currency Units in return for U.S. dollars. This type of hedge, sometimes referred to as a “proxy hedge,” could offer advantages in terms of cost, yield, or efficiency, but generally would not hedge currency exposure as effectively as a simple hedge into U.S. dollars. Proxy hedges may result in losses if the currency used to hedge does not perform similarly to the currency in which the hedged securities are denominated.

 

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SEC guidelines require mutual funds to set aside appropriate liquid assets in a segregated custodial account to cover forward currency contracts.

 

Successful use of forward currency contracts will depend on the Adviser’s skill in analyzing and predicting currency values. Forward contracts may substantially change the respective Fund’s investment exposure to changes in currency exchange rates, and could result in losses to the Fund if currencies do not perform as the Adviser anticipates. For example, if a currency’s value rose at a time when the Adviser had hedged the Funds by selling that currency in exchange for U.S. dollars, the Funds would be unable to participate in the currency’s appreciation. If the Adviser hedges currency exposure through proxy hedges, the Funds could realize currency losses from the hedge and the security position at the same time if the two currencies do not move in tandem. Similarly, if the Adviser increases the applicable Fund’s exposure to a foreign currency, and that currency’s value declines, the Funds will realize a loss. There is no assurance that the Adviser’s use of forward currency contracts will be advantageous to the Funds or that it will hedge at an appropriate time. The policies described in this section are non-fundamental policies of the Funds.

 

Foreign Securities. Investments in foreign countries involve certain risks which are not typically associated with U.S. investments.

 

Additional Risks of Foreign Securities.

 

Foreign Securities Markets. Trading volume on foreign country and, in particular, emerging market stock exchanges is substantially less than that on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Further, securities of some foreign and, in particular, emerging market companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. Fixed commissions on foreign exchanges are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges. The Funds endeavor to achieve the most favorable net results on their portfolio transactions and may be able to purchase securities on other stock exchanges where commissions are negotiable. Foreign stock exchanges, brokers, custodians and listed companies may be subject to less government supervision and regulation than in the United States. The customary settlement time for foreign securities may be longer than the customary three day settlement time for U.S. securities.

 

Companies in foreign countries are not generally subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and disclosure requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. Consequently, there may be less publicly available information about a foreign company than about a U.S. company. Certain markets may require payment for securities before delivery and delays may be encountered in settling securities transactions. In some foreign markets, there may not be protection against failure by other parties to complete transactions. There may be limited legal recourse against an issuer in the event of a default on a debt instrument.

 

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Currency Risk. The value of the assets of a Fund, as measured in U.S. dollars may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations. A change in the value of any foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar may cause a corresponding change in the dollar value of a Fund’s assets that are denominated or traded in that country. In addition, a Fund may incur costs in connection with conversion between various currencies.

 

Political and Economic Risk. Foreign investments may be subject to heightened political and economic risks, particularly in underdeveloped or developing countries which may have relatively unstable governments and economies based on only a few industries. In some countries, there is the risk that the government could seize or nationalize companies, could impose additional withholding taxes on dividends or interest income payable on securities, could impose exchange controls or adopt other restrictions that could affect a Fund’s investments.

 

Regulatory Risk. Foreign companies not publicly traded in the U.S. are not subject to the regulatory requirements of U.S. companies. There may be less publicly available information about such companies. Foreign companies are not subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies.

 

Foreign Tax Risk. The Funds’ income from foreign issuers may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. The Funds may also be subject to taxes on trading profits or on transfers of securities in some countries. To the extent foreign income taxes are paid by the Funds, shareholders may not be entitled to a credit or deduction for U.S. tax purposes.

 

Transaction Costs. Transaction costs of buying and selling foreign securities, including brokerage, tax and custody charges, are generally higher than those of domestic transactions.

 

Emerging Markets. The Funds may invest in securities issued by companies domiciled in countries with emerging markets. Investing in securities of issuers domiciled in countries with emerging securities markets entail greater risks than investing in securities of issuers domiciled in countries with more mature securities markets. These risks may include (i) less social, political and economic stability; (ii) small current size of markets for such securities and low or nonexistent trading volume, which result in lack of liquidity and greater price volatility; (iii) certain national policies which may restrict the Funds’ investment opportunities, including restrictions on investments in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; (iv) foreign taxation; and (v) the absence of developed structures governing private or foreign investment or allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property.

 

Gold Bullion Risk. Each Fund may, from time to time and primarily for risk management purposes, hold gold bullion. Holdings of physical gold may entail higher custody and transaction costs relative to holdings of securities. Holding gold in physical form results in no income being derived from such holding, unlike securities which may pay dividends or make other current payments. Gold held in physical form (even in a segregated account) involves the risk of delay in obtaining the assets in the case of bankruptcy or insolvency of the custodian. This could impair disposition of the assets under those circumstances. In addition, income derived from trading in gold must be closely monitored to avoid potentially negative tax consequences.

 

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The price of gold has been subject to substantial upward and downward price movements over short periods of time and may be affected by changes in U.S. and foreign regulatory policies, unpredictable international monetary and political policies, such as currency devaluations or revaluations, economic conditions within an individual country, trade imbalances or trade or currency restrictions between countries and world inflation rates and interest rates.

 

Gold-Related Issuers Risk. Each Fund may, from time to time and primarily for risk management purposes, hold securities of issuers principally engaged in the gold industry (including securities of gold mining finance companies, gold mining operating companies, or gold-related investment companies). The price of gold, which may be subject to substantial upward and downward price movements over short periods of time, is likely to affect the market prices of securities of companies mining, processing or dealing in gold, and, accordingly, the value of a Fund’s investments in such securities also may be affected. As with holdings in physical gold, holdings of gold-related issuers may be susceptible to changes in U.S. and foreign regulatory policies, unpredictable international monetary and political policies, such as currency devaluations or revaluations, economic conditions within an individual country, trade imbalances or trade or currency restrictions

 

Illiquid Securities. Under SEC rules, an investment in a security is generally deemed to be “illiquid” if it cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which such security is valued by the Funds.

 

The Board has authorized the Adviser to make liquidity determinations with respect to certain securities, including Rule 144A securities. A foreign security that may be freely traded on or through the facilities of an offshore exchange or other established offshore securities market is not deemed to be an illiquid security.

 

Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities including “restricted” securities and private placements for which there is no public market value.

 

Securities in which a Fund may invest include securities issued by corporations without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), such as securities issued in reliance on the so-called “private placement” exemption from registration which is afforded by Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act (“Section 4(2) securities”). Section 4(2) securities are restricted as to disposition under the Federal securities laws, and generally are sold to institutional investors such as the Funds who agree that they are purchasing the securities for investment and not with a view to public distribution. Any resale must also generally be made in an exempt transaction. Section 4(2) securities are normally resold to other institutional investors through or with the assistance of the issuer or investment dealers who make a market in such Section 4(2) securities, thus providing liquidity. Any such restricted securities will be considered to be illiquid for purposes of the Fund’s limitations on investments in illiquid securities unless, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board, the Adviser has determined such securities to be liquid because such securities are eligible for resale under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act and are readily saleable.

 

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The fair value of these securities will be determined in accordance with Board-approved Pricing Policies and Procedures. Given the inherent uncertainties of estimating fair market value, there can be no assurance that the value placed on a security will be appropriate in terms of how the security may be ultimately valued on the public market. These securities may never be publicly traded and the Funds may not be able to easily liquidate positions in these securities.

 

If illiquid securities exceed 15% of a Fund’s net assets after the time of purchase, the Fund will take steps to reduce, in an orderly fashion, its holdings of illiquid securities. Because illiquid securities may not be readily marketable, the Adviser may not be able to dispose of them in a timely manner. As a result, the Fund may be forced to hold illiquid securities while their prices depreciate. Depreciation in the prices of illiquid securities may cause the net asset value of a Fund to decline.

 

Lending of Portfolio Securities. Consistent with applicable regulatory requirements, the Funds may lend their portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and financial institutions, in accordance with policies and procedures of the Trust, as may be adopted from time to time. The procedure for the lending of securities will typically include the following features and conditions. The collateral will consist either of U.S. Government securities or the borrower of the securities will deposit cash with the Fund in an amount equal to a minimum of 100% of the market value of the securities lent. The Fund will seek to invest the collateral in short-term debt securities, cash equivalents (or pooled investment vehicle interests in cash, cash equivalents and short-term debt instruments) and earn the income thereon. A negotiated portion of the income so earned may be paid to the borrower or the broker who arranged the loan. The collateral will be marked to market daily, and if the value of the collateral drops below the required minimum at any time, the borrower may typically be called upon to post additional collateral. These will be “demand” loans and may be terminated by the Fund at any time. The Fund will receive any dividends and interest paid on the securities lent, although the tax characteristics of such payment may change. The Fund’s performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned.

 

These transactions must be fully collateralized at all times, but involve some credit risk to the Fund if the borrower or the party (if any) guaranteeing the loan should default on its obligations. In the event of the default or bankruptcy of the other party to a securities loan, the Fund could experience delays in recovering the securities it lent. To the extent that, in the meantime, the value of the securities the Fund lent has increased or the value of the collateral decreased, the Fund could experience a loss. In the event of a default by the borrower, the Fund will, if permitted by law, dispose of such collateral except that the Fund may retain any such part thereof that is a security in which the Fund is permitted to invest.

 

Although voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Fund, as the lender, generally retains the right to call the loans and obtain the return of the securities loaned at any time on reasonable notice, and it will attempt to do so in order that the securities may be voted by the Fund if the holders of such securities are asked to vote upon or consent to matters which the Adviser believes materially affect the investment; however, the Fund may not be able to recall the securities in time for the Fund to be the owner on the record date for determining shareholders entitled to vote or consent on the matter. The Fund may typically also call such loans in order to sell the securities involved.

 

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Money Market Instruments. Each Fund may invest in a variety of money market instruments for pending investments, to meet anticipated redemption requests and/or to retain the flexibility to respond promptly to changes in market, economic or political conditions and/or when the Adviser takes temporary defensive positions, including when the Adviser is unable to locate attractive investment opportunities or when the Adviser considers market, economic or political conditions to be unfavorable for profitable investing. Money Market Instruments include, but are not limited to, the following instruments. Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by banks or bank holding companies, corporations and finance companies. Issues of commercial paper normally have maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return. A Fund may purchase commercial paper consisting of issues rated at the time of purchase by one or more appropriate nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSRO”) (e.g., Standard & Poor’s Corporation and Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.) in one of the two highest rating categories for short-term debt obligations. The Funds may also invest in commercial paper that is not rated but that is determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality to instruments that are so rated by an NRSRO that is neither controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the issuer of, or any issuer, guarantor, or provider of credit support for, the instruments. Certificates of deposit are generally negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank or a savings and loan association for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Bankers’ acceptances invested in by a Fund will be those guaranteed by domestic and foreign banks having, at the time of investment, capital, surplus, and undivided profits in excess of $100,000,000 (as of the date of their most recently published financial statements). Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties that vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party, although there is no market for such deposits. Bank notes and bankers’ acceptances rank junior to deposit liabilities of the bank and pari passu with other senior, unsecured obligations of the bank. Bank notes are classified as “other borrowings” on a bank’s balance sheet, while deposit notes and certificates of deposit are classified as deposits. Bank notes are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other insurer. Deposit notes are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation only to the extent of $250,000 per depositor per bank. Certificates of deposit and demand and time deposits will be those of domestic banks and savings and loan associations, if (a) at the time of investment the depository institution has capital, surplus, and undivided profits in excess of $100,000,000 (as of the date of its most recently published financial statements), or (b) the principal amount of the instrument is insured in full by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

 

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Mortgage-Related Securities. The Funds may, consistent with their investment objective and policies, invest in mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities or issued by nongovernmental entities.

 

Mortgage-related securities, for purposes of the Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information, represent pools of mortgage loans assembled for sale to investors by various governmental agencies such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) and government-related organizations such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), as well as by nongovernmental issuers such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers and private mortgage insurance companies. Although certain mortgage-related securities are guaranteed by a third party or otherwise similarly secured, the market value of the security, which may fluctuate, is not so secured. If a Fund purchases a mortgage-related security at a premium, that portion may be lost if there is a decline in the market value of the security whether resulting from changes in interest rates or prepayments in the underlying mortgage collateral. As with other interest-bearing securities, the prices of such securities are inversely affected by changes in interest rates. However, though the value of a mortgage-related security may decline when interest rates rise, the converse is not necessarily true, since in periods of declining interest rates the mortgages underlying the securities are prone to prepayment, thereby shortening the average life of the security and shortening the period of time over which income at the higher rate is received. Conversely, when interest rates are rising, the rate of prepayment tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the average life of the security and lengthening the period of time over which income at the lower rate is received. For these and other reasons, a mortgage-related security’s average maturity may be shortened or lengthened as a result of interest rate fluctuations and, therefore, it is not possible to predict accurately the security’s return to a Fund. In addition, regular payments received in respect of mortgage-related securities include both interest and principal. No assurance can be given as to the return a Fund will receive when these amounts are reinvested.

 

The Funds may also invest in mortgage-related securities which are collateralized mortgage obligations structured on pools of mortgage pass-through certificates or mortgage loans. Mortgage-related securities will be purchased only if rated in the three highest bond rating categories assigned by one or more appropriate NRSROs, or, if unrated, which the Adviser deems to be of comparable quality.

 

There are a number of important differences among the agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. Government that issue mortgage-related securities and among the securities that they issue. Mortgage-related securities issued by the GNMA include GNMA Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as “Ginnie Maes”) which are guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by GNMA and such guarantee is backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. GNMA is a wholly-owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA certificates also are supported by the authority of GNMA to borrow funds from the U.S. Treasury to make payments under its guarantee. Mortgage-related securities issued by the FNMA include FNMA Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as “Fannie Maes”) which are solely the obligations of the FNMA and are not backed by or entitled to the full faith and credit of the United States. FNMA is a government-sponsored organization owned entirely by private stockholders. Fannie Maes are guaranteed as to timely payment of the principal and interest by FNMA. Mortgage-related securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”) include FHLMC Mortgage Participation Certificates (also known as “Freddie Macs” or “PCs”). FHLMC is a corporate instrumentality of the United States, created pursuant to an Act of Congress, which is owned entirely by Federal Home Loan Banks. Freddie Macs are not guaranteed by the United States or by any Federal Home Loan Banks and do not constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or of any Federal Home Loan Bank. Freddie Macs entitle the holder to timely payment of interest, which is guaranteed by FHLMC. FHLMC guarantees either ultimate collection or timely payment of all principal payments on the underlying mortgage loans. When FHLMC does not guarantee timely payment of principal, FHLMC may remit the amount due on account of its guarantee of ultimate payment of principal at any time after default on an underlying mortgage, but in no event later than one year after it becomes payable. In September 2008, FNMA and FHLMC were placed into conservatorship overseen by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”). As conservator, FHFA will succeed to the rights, titles, powers and privileges of the company and any stockholder, officer or director of such company with respect to the company and its assets and title to all books, records and assets of the company held by any other custodian or third party. The conservator is then charged with operating the company.

 

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Under the direction of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have entered into a joint initiative to develop a common securitization platform for the issuance of a uniform mortgage-backed security (the “Single Security Initiative”), which would generally align the characteristics of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac certificates. The Single Security Initiative was launched in June 2019, and as of this time, the long-term effects it may have on the market for mortgage-backed securities remains uncertain.

 

Municipal Obligations. The Funds may invest in municipal securities whose interest, in the opinion of the securities’ counsel, is exempt from federal income tax and from the federal alternative minimum tax. Neither the Adviser nor a Fund guarantees that this opinion is correct, and there is no assurance that the IRS will agree with such counsel’s opinion. If certain types of investments the Fund buys as tax-exempt are later ruled to be taxable, a portion of the Fund’s income could be taxable. A Fund would be eligible to pay dividends in any year that are tax exempt in the hands of the Fund’s shareholders only if, at the end of each quarter of the year, at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets consistent of obligations that are exempt under Section 103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). There is no expectation that this requirement will be satisfied for any Fund. To the extent that the Fund invests in municipal securities from a given state or geographic region, its share price and performance could be affected by local, state and regional factors, including erosion of the tax base and changes in the economic climate. National governmental actions, such as the elimination of tax-exempt status, also could affect performance. The Fund may be more sensitive to adverse economic, business or political developments if it invests a substantial portion of its assets in municipal securities financing similar projects. A change that affects one project, such as proposed legislation on the financing of the project, a shortage of the materials needed for the project, or a declining need for the project, may affect similar projects and the overall municipal securities market.

 

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Non-investment Grade Securities. The Funds may invest up to 10% of their total assets in non-investment grade securities subject to the following. Such securities include high yield (junk) bonds, convertible bonds, preferred stocks and convertible preferred stocks.

 

Non-investment grade bonds are debt securities rated Ba or lower by Moody’s or BB or lower by S&P. They generally offer greater returns in the form of higher average yields than investment grade debt securities (rated Baa or higher by Moody’s or BBB or higher by S&P). Non-investment grade debt securities involve greater risks than investment grade debt securities including greater sensitivity to changes in interest rates, the economy, the issuer’s solvency and liquidity in the secondary trading market. See Appendix A for a description of corporate bond ratings.

 

Yields on non-investment grade debt securities will fluctuate over time. The prices of non-investment grade debt securities have been found to be less sensitive to interest rate changes than investment grade debt securities, but more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual issuer developments. During an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress which would adversely affect their ability to pay principal and interest obligations, meet projected business goals and to obtain additional financing. If the issuer of a debt security held by a Fund defaulted, the Fund might incur additional expenses seeking to recover the issuer’s defaulted obligation. In addition, periods of economic uncertainty and changes can be expected to result in increased volatility of market prices of non-investment grade debt securities and a Fund’s net asset value. Furthermore, the market prices of non-investment grade debt securities structured as zero coupon or payment-in-kind securities are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes and tend to be more volatile than securities that pay interest periodically and in cash.

 

Non-investment grade debt securities present risks based on payment expectations. For example, they may contain redemption or call provisions. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a declining interest rate market, a Fund would have to replace the security with a lower-yielding security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. A high-yielding security’s value will decrease in a rising interest rate market and will result in a corresponding decrease in the value of a Fund’s assets. Unexpected net redemptions may force a Fund to sell securities including, but not limited to, non-investment grade debt securities, without regard to their investment merits, thereby decreasing the asset base upon which a Fund’s expenses can be spread and possibly reducing the rate of return.

 

To the extent that there is no established secondary market, there may be thin trading of non-investment grade securities, including high yield bonds, convertible bonds, preferred stocks and convertible preferred stocks held by a Fund. This may adversely affect the ability of the Adviser or the Funds’ Board of Trustees to accurately value a Fund’s non-investment grade securities and a Fund’s assets and may also adversely affect a Fund’s ability to dispose of the securities. In the absence of an established secondary market, valuing securities becomes more difficult and judgment plays a greater role in valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and liquidity of non-investment grade securities, especially in a thinly traded market. Illiquid or restricted non-investment grade securities purchased by a Fund may involve special registration responsibilities, liabilities and costs, and liquidity and valuation difficulties.

 

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Certain risks are associated with applying ratings as a method for evaluating non-investment grade securities. For example, credit ratings for bonds evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of such securities. Credit rating agencies may fail to timely change credit ratings to reflect subsequent events. The Adviser continuously monitors the issuers of non-investment grade debt securities held by a Fund to determine if the issuers will have sufficient cash flow and profits to meet required principal and interest payments and to assure the securities’ liquidity. A Fund may be more dependent upon the Adviser’s own analysis of non-investment grade securities than is the case for investment grade securities. Also, a Fund may retain a portfolio security whose rating has been changed if the security otherwise meets a Fund’s investment criteria.

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that the issuer of a debt security will fail to make payments on the security when due. Securities rated non-investment grade are particularly subject to credit risk. These securities are predominantly speculative and are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” To the extent a Fund purchases or holds convertible or other non-investment grade securities, a Fund may be exposed to greater risk that the issuer will not repay principal, or pay interest or dividends on such securities in a timely manner.

 

Ratings published by rating agencies seek to measure credit risk (Rating agencies’ descriptions of non-investment grade securities are contained in Appendix A of this SAI). The lower a bond issue is rated by an agency, the more credit risk it is considered to represent. Lower-rated bonds generally pay higher yields to compensate investors for the greater risk.

 

Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of a fixed-rate debt security will decline due to changes in market interest rates. Even though some interest-bearing securities are investments which offer a stable stream of income at relatively high current yield, the prices of such securities are affected by changes in interest rates and are therefore subject to market price fluctuations. The value of fixed income securities varies inversely with changes in market interest rates. When interest rates rise, the value of a Fund’s fixed income securities, and therefore its net asset value per share, generally will decline. In general, the value of fixed-rate debt securities with longer maturities is more sensitive to changes in market interest rates than the value of such securities with shorter maturities. Thus, if a Fund is invested in fixed income securities with longer weighted average maturities, the net asset value of a Fund should be expected to have greater volatility in periods of changing market interest rates.

 

Preferred Stock. The Funds may invest in preferred stock. Preferred stock, unlike common stock, may offer a stated dividend rate payable from the issuer’s earnings. Preferred stock dividends may be cumulative, non-cumulative, participating or auction rate. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline. Preferred stock may have mandatory sinking fund provisions, as well as call/redemption provisions prior to maturity, a negative feature when interest rates decline. For a description of preferred stock ratings, see Appendix A.

 

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Real Estate Securities. The Funds may invest in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs pool investors’ funds for investment primarily in income producing real estate or real estate loans or interests. A REIT is not taxed on income distributed to shareholders if it complies with several requirements relating to its organization, ownership, assets, and income and a requirement that it distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its taxable income (other than net capital gains) for each taxable year. While there are many types of REITs, all REITs can generally be classified as Equity REITs, Mortgage REITs and Hybrid REITs. Equity REITs, which invest the majority of their assets directly in real property, derive their income primarily from rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs, which invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages, derive their income primarily from interest payments. Hybrid REITs combine the characteristics of both Equity REITs and Mortgage REITs. The Funds will not invest in real estate directly, but only in securities issued by real estate companies. The risks of investing in REITs include declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, dependency on management skill, heavy cash flow dependency, possible lack of availability of mortgage funds, overbuilding, extended vacancies of properties, increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, losses due to costs resulting from the clean-up of environmental problems, liability to third parties for damages resulting from environmental problems, casualty or condemnation losses, limitations on rents, changes in neighborhood values, the appeal of properties to tenants and changes in interest rates.

 

In addition to these risks, Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while Mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally may not be diversified. REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers and self-liquidation. In addition, REITs could possibly fail to qualify for the beneficial tax treatment available to REITs under the Code, or to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower’s or a lessee’s ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting investments.

 

Repurchase Agreements. Each Fund may agree to purchase repurchase agreement securities from financial institutions (including clearing firms registered with the SEC that provide comparison, netting and settlement services to their members with respect to repurchase agreement transactions), and the corporate parents or affiliates of such financial institutions or clearing firms, subject to the seller’s agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price (“repurchase agreements”). Although the underlying securities’ collateral related to a repurchase agreement may bear maturities exceeding one year, the term and settlement for the repurchase agreement security will never be more than one year and normally will be within a shorter period of time (often one business day). Underlying securities’ collateral related to repurchase agreements is held either by the Funds’ custodian or sub-custodian (if any). The seller, under a repurchase agreement, will be required to maintain the value of the securities subject to the agreement in an amount exceeding the repurchase price (including accrued interest). Repurchase agreements may be considered loans to the seller, collateralized by the underlying securities. The risk to a Fund includes the ability of the seller to pay the agreed upon sum on the repurchase date; in the event of default, the repurchase agreement provides that a Fund is entitled to sell the underlying securities’ collateral. If the value of the collateral declines after the agreement is entered into, however, and if the seller defaults under a repurchase agreement when the value of the underlying collateral is less than the repurchase price, a Fund could incur a loss of both principal and interest. The Funds’ custodian monitors the value of the collateral at the time the action is entered into and at all times during the term of the repurchase agreement. This is done in an effort to determine whether the value of the collateral always equals or exceeds the agreed upon repurchase price to be paid to the Fund. If the seller were to be subject to a federal bankruptcy proceeding, the ability of a Fund to liquidate the collateral could be delayed or impaired because of certain provisions of the bankruptcy laws.

 

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In addition, the Funds may invest in repurchase agreements for pending investments, to meet anticipated redemption requests, to retain the flexibility to respond promptly to changes in market, economic or political conditions and/or when the Adviser takes temporary defensive positions, including when the Adviser is unable to locate attractive investment opportunities or when the Adviser considers market, economic or political conditions to be unfavorable for profitable investing.

 

Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The Funds may borrow funds by entering into reverse repurchase agreements in accordance with that Fund’s investment restrictions. Pursuant to such agreements, each Fund would sell portfolio securities to financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers, and agree to repurchase the securities at a mutually agreed-upon date and price. A Fund intends to enter into reverse repurchase agreements only to avoid otherwise selling securities during unfavorable market conditions to meet redemptions. At the time a Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will place in a segregated custodial account assets such as U.S. Government securities or other liquid securities consistent with the Fund’s investment restrictions having a value equal to the repurchase price (including accrued interest), and will subsequently continually monitor the account to ensure that such equivalent value is maintained at all times. Reverse repurchase agreements involve risks relating to leveraging, discussed above under “Borrowing to Purchase Securities (Leveraging)” and the risk that the market value of the securities sold by a Fund may decline below the price at which a Fund is obligated to repurchase the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings by a Fund under the 1940 Act.

 

Securities of Other Investment Companies. The Funds may purchase the securities of other investment companies, including foreign and domestic registered and unregistered open-end funds, closed-end funds, unit investment trusts and ETFs if the purchase is in compliance with the 1940 Act, rules thereunder or any exemptive relief in which a Fund may rely. As a shareholder of another investment company, a Fund would bear its pro rata portion of the other investment company’s expenses, including advisory fees. These expenses would be in addition to the expenses each Fund bears directly in connection with its own operations. If a Fund invests in securities of other investment companies, the return on any such investment will be reduced by the operating expenses, including investment advisory and administrative fees, of such investment companies. (Such Fund indirectly absorbs its pro rata share of the other investment companies’ expenses.) However, the Adviser believes that at times the return and liquidity features of these securities may be more beneficial than other types of securities.

 

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Except as described in the following paragraph, the Funds currently intend to limit investments in securities issued by other investment companies so that, as determined immediately after a purchase of such securities is made: (i) not more than 5% of the value of a Fund’s total assets will be invested in the securities of any one investment company; (ii) not more than 10% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the aggregate in securities of investment companies as a group; and (iii) not more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company will be owned by a Fund. These limitations do not apply to investments in investment companies through a master-feeder type arrangement. In addition, to the extent allowed by law or regulation, a Fund may invest its assets in securities of investment companies that are money market funds, including those advised by the Adviser or otherwise affiliated with the Adviser, in excess of the limits discussed above.

 

With respect to a Fund’s investments in ETFs, pursuant to certain specific exemptive orders issued by the SEC to several ETFs, and procedures approved by the Board, an Equity Fund may invest in certain ETFs in excess of the limits described above, provided that the Fund has described ETF investments in its Prospectus and otherwise complies with the conditions of the applicable SEC exemptive orders, each as may be amended, and any other applicable investment limitations.

 

Short Sales. The Funds may make short sales of securities. Short sales are transactions in which a Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation of a decline in the market value of that security. The Fund must borrow the security to deliver to the buyer upon the short sale. The Fund is then obligated to replace the borrowed security by purchasing it at a later date. A short sale provides a possible hedge against the market risk of the value of other investments and protects a Fund in a declining market.

 

Short sales are subject to the risk that a Fund will incur a loss if the price of a security sold short increases between the date of the short sale and the date the Fund closes the short sale. Any gain on a short sale will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of the premium, dividends, interest or expenses the Fund may be required to pay in connection with a short sale. An increase in the value of a security sold short by a Fund over the price at which it was sold short will result in a loss to the Fund, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to close out the position at any particular time or at an acceptable price. Except in the case of short sales “against the box,” a Fund’s market risk is unlimited in that the potential for increase in the market price of the security sold short is unlimited. Short sales “against the box” mean that the Fund owns securities identical to those sold short.

 

When a short position is closed out, it may result in a short-term capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. In a generally rising market, if a Fund maintains short positions in securities rising with the market, the net asset value of the Fund would increase to a lesser extent than if it had not engaged in short sales.

 

The Adviser may consider short selling when the Adviser finds companies it believes are substantially overpriced. Short selling may also be considered in arbitrage and hedge situations, and short selling might also be used under certain circumstances to defer taxes.

 

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An eligible Fund will not engage in short sales of securities when these transactions would cause the market value of all of its securities sold short to exceed 15% of its net assets subject to the following. The value of the securities of any one issuer that may be shorted by a Fund is limited to the lesser of 5% of the value of the Fund’s net assets or 5% of the securities of any class of the issuer. All short sales must be fully collateralized. The Funds maintain the collateral in a segregated account with their custodian. The collateral consists of cash, U.S. government securities or any other liquid securities equal to the market value of the securities at the time of the short sale. The Funds will thereafter maintain, on a daily basis, the collateral to ensure that it is equal to the current market value of the securities sold short. Short sales against the box are not subject to the 15% limitation. A capital gain or loss is recognized immediately upon the sale of a short against the box. A Fund may only engage in short sale transactions in securities listed on one or more U.S. or foreign securities exchanges or on NASDAQ or Nasdaq.

 

Stripped Obligations. The Funds may purchase Treasury receipts and other “stripped” securities that evidence ownership in either the future interest payments or the future principal payments on U.S. Government obligations. These participations, which may be issued by the U.S. Government (or a U.S. Government agency or instrumentality) or by private issuers such as banks and other institutions, are issued at a discount from their “face value,” and may include stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”). Stripped securities, particularly SMBS, may exhibit greater price volatility than ordinary debt securities because of the manner in which their principal and interest are returned to investors.

 

SMBS are usually structured with two or more classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions from a pool of mortgage-backed obligations. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving all of the interest, while the other class receives all of the principal. However, in some cases, one class will receive some of the interest and most of the principal while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. If the underlying obligations experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal a Fund may fail to fully recoup its initial investment. The market value of the class consisting entirely of principal payments can be extremely volatile in response to changes in interest rates. The yields on a class of SMBS that receives all or most of the interest are generally higher than prevailing market yields on other mortgage-backed obligations because their cash flow patterns are also volatile and there is a greater risk that the initial investment will not be fully recouped.

 

SMBS issued by the U.S. Government (or a U.S. Government agency or instrumentality) may be considered liquid under guidelines established by the Board of Trustees if they can be disposed of promptly in the ordinary course of business at a value reasonably close to that used in the calculation of a Fund’s per share net asset value.

 

The Treasury Department has facilitated transfers of ownership of zero coupon securities by accounting separately for the beneficial ownership of particular interest coupon and principal payments on Treasury securities through the Federal Reserve book-entry record-keeping system. A Fund may purchase securities registered in the STRIPS program. Under the STRIPS program, a Fund will be able to have beneficial ownership of zero coupon securities recorded directly in the book-entry record-keeping system in lieu of having to hold certificates or other evidences of ownership of the underlying U.S. Treasury securities.

 

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In addition, the Funds may acquire U.S. Government obligations and their unmatured interest coupons that have been separated (“stripped”) by their holder, typically a custodian bank or investment brokerage firm. Having separated the interest coupons from the underlying principal of the U.S. Government obligations, the holder will resell the stripped securities in custodial receipt programs with a number of different names, including “Treasury Income Growth Receipts” (“TIGRs”) and “Certificate of Accrual on Treasury Securities” (“CATS”). The stripped coupons are sold separately from the underlying principal, which is usually sold at a deep discount because the buyer receives only the right to receive a future fixed payment on the security and does not receive any rights to periodic interest (cash) payments. The underlying U.S. Treasury bonds and notes themselves are held in book-entry form at the Federal Reserve Bank or, in the case of bearer securities (i.e., unregistered securities which are ostensibly owned by the bearer or holder), in trust on behalf of the owners. Counsel to the underwriters of these certificates or other evidences of ownership of U.S. Treasury securities have stated that, in their opinion, purchasers of the stripped securities most likely will be deemed the beneficial holders of the underlying U.S. Government obligations for federal tax purposes. The Adviser is unaware of any binding legislative, judicial or administrative authority on this issue.

 

Swap Agreements. The Funds may enter into credit default swaps, interest rate swaps and currency swaps. In a typical interest rate swap, one party agrees to make regular payments equal to a floating interest rate multiplied by a “notional principal amount,” in return for payments equal to fixed rate multiplied by the same amount, for a specified period of time. If a swap agreement provides for payments in different currencies, the parties might agree to exchange the notional principal amount as well. The credit default swap allows a Fund to manage credit risk through buying and selling credit protection on specific names or a basket of names. A “buyer” of credit protection agrees to pay a counterparty to assume the credit risk of an issuer upon the occurrence of certain events. The “seller” of credit protection receives a premium and agrees to assume the credit risk of an issuer upon the occurrence of certain events.

 

Swap agreements will tend to shift a Fund’s investment exposure from one type of investment to another. Depending on how they are used, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of a Fund’s investments and its share price and yield.

 

Each Fund will segregate or earmark liquid assets to cover its net obligations under a swap agreement. In the case of swap agreements that do not cash settle, currently a Fund will typically set aside liquid assets equal to the full notional value of the swap agreement while the positions are open. With respect to swap agreements that do cash settle, however, a Fund may set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligations (i.e., the Fund’s daily net liability) under the swap agreement, if any, rather than their full notional value, except that a Fund will segregate the full notional value of the swap to cover its obligations in the event that the Fund is acting as a seller of a credit default swap. Please see “Asset Coverage for Futures and Options Position” in this SAI.

 

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Certain standardized swap transactions are currently subject to mandatory central clearing or may be eligible for voluntary central clearing. Central clearing is expected to decrease counterparty risk and increase liquidity compared to uncleared swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterpart to each participant’s swap. However, central clearing does not eliminate counterparty risk or illiquidity risk entirely. In addition depending on the size of a fund and other factors, the margin required under the rules of a clearinghouse and by a clearing member may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by a fund to support its obligations under a similar uncleared swap.

 

A Fund may enter into swaps with members of the Federal Reserve System, members of the New York Stock Exchange or other entities determined by the Adviser to be creditworthy.

 

United States Government Securities. To the extent consistent with their investment objectives, the Funds may invest in a variety of U.S. Treasury obligations consisting of bills, notes and bonds, which principally differ only in their interest rates, maturities and time of issuance. The Funds may also invest in other securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities. Obligations of certain agencies and instrumentalities, such as GNMA, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of FNMA, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase the agency’s obligations; still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing Association (“SLMA”), are supported only by the credit of the instrumentalities. Obligations of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (also known as the World Bank) are supported by subscribed, but unpaid, commitments of its member countries. There is no assurance that these commitments will be undertaken or complied with in the future.

 

In addition, in September 2008 FNMA and FHLMC were placed into conservatorship overseen by the FHFA. As conservator, FHFA will succeed to the rights, titles, powers and privileges of the company and any stockholder, officer or director of such company with respect to the company and its assets and title to all books, records and assets of the company held by any other custodian or third party. The conservator is then charged with operating the company.

 

Securities guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities are deemed to include: (a) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. government or an agency or instrumentality thereof; and (b) participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies that are so guaranteed. The secondary market for certain of these participations is limited. Such participations will therefore be regarded as illiquid. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so by law.

 

U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protection Securities (TIPS). The Funds may invest in U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protection Securities. Inflation-protection securities are a type of marketable book-entry security issued by the United States Department of Treasury (“Treasury”) with a nominal return linked to the inflation rate in prices. The index used to measure inflation is the non-seasonally adjusted U.S. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (“CPI-U”).

 

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The value of the principal is adjusted for inflation, and every six months the security pays interest, which is an amount equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted value of the principal. The final payment of principal of the security will not be less than the original par amount of the security at issuance.

 

The principal of the inflation-protection security is indexed to the non-seasonally adjusted CPI-U. To calculate the inflation-adjusted principal value for a particular valuation date, the value of the principal at issuance is multiplied by the index ratio applicable to that valuation date. The index ratio for any date is the ratio of the reference Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) applicable to such date to the reference CPI applicable to the original issue date. Semi-annual coupon interest is determined by multiplying the inflation-adjusted principal amount by one-half of the stated rate of interest on each interest payment date.

 

Inflation-adjusted principal or the original par amount, whichever is larger, is paid on the maturity date as specified in the applicable offering announcement. If at maturity the inflation-adjusted principal is less than the original principal value of the security, an additional amount is paid at maturity so that the additional amount plus the inflation-adjusted principal equals the original principal amount. Some inflation-protection securities may be stripped into principal and interest components. In the case of a stripped security, the holder of the stripped principal component receives this additional amount. The final interest payment, however, is based on the final inflation-adjusted principal value, not the original par amount.

 

The reference CPI for the first day of any calendar month is the CPI-U for the third preceding calendar month. (For example, the reference CPI for December 1 is the CPI-U reported for September of the same year, which is released in October.) The reference CPI for any other day of the month is calculated by a linear interpolation between the reference CPI applicable to the first day of the month and the reference CPI applicable to the first day of the following month.

 

Any revisions the Bureau of Labor Statistics (or successor agency) makes to any CPI-U number that has been previously released will not be used in calculations of the value of outstanding inflation-protection securities. In the case that the CPI-U for a particular month is not reported by the last day of the following month, the Treasury will announce an index number based on the last year-over-year CPI-U inflation rate available. Any calculations of the Treasury’s payment obligations on the inflation-protection security that need that month’s CPI-U number will be based on the index number that the Treasury has announced. If the CPI-U is rebased to a different year, the Treasury will continue to use the CPI-U series based on the base reference period in effect when the security was first issued as long as that series continues to be published. If the CPI-U is discontinued during the period the inflation-protection security is outstanding, the Treasury will, in consultation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics (or successor agency), determine an appropriate substitute index and methodology for linking the discontinued series with the new price index series. Determinations of the Secretary of the Treasury in this regard are final.

 

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Inflation-protection securities are held and transferred in either of two book-entry systems: the commercial book-entry system (TRADES) and TREASURY DIRECT. The securities are maintained and transferred at their original par amount, i.e., not their inflation-adjusted value. The Federal Reserve program was established by the Treasury Department and is known as “STRIPS” or “Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities.” STRIPS components are maintained and transferred in TRADES at their value based on their original par amount of the fully constituted security.

 

Variable Amount Master Demand Notes. The Funds may invest in variable amount master demand notes. Variable amount master demand notes are unsecured demand notes that permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary and provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate according to the terms of the instrument. Because master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between a Fund and the issuer, they are not normally traded. Although there is no secondary market in the notes, a Fund may demand payment of principal and accrued interest at any time within 30 days. While such notes are not typically rated by credit rating agencies, issuers of variable amount master demand notes (which are normally manufacturing, retail, financial and other business concerns), must satisfy, for purchase by a Fund, the same criteria as set forth above for commercial paper for a Fund. The Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flow, and other liquidity ratios of the issuers of such notes and will continuously monitor their financial status and ability to meet payment on demand. In determining average weighted portfolio maturity, a variable amount master demand note will be deemed to have a maturity equal to the longer of the period of time remaining until the next interest rate adjustment or the period of time remaining until the principal amount can be recovered from the issuer through demand.

 

Variable and Floating Rate Securities. The Funds may acquire variable and floating rate securities, subject to each Fund’s investment objectives, policies and restrictions. A variable rate security is one whose terms provide for the adjustment of its interest rate on set dates and which, upon such adjustment, can reasonably be expected to have a market value that approximates its par value. A floating rate security is one whose terms provide for the adjustment of its interest rate whenever a specified interest rate changes and which, at any time, can reasonably be expected to have a market value that approximates its par value. Such securities are frequently not rated by credit rating agencies; however, unrated variable and floating rate securities purchased by a Fund will be determined by the Adviser, to be of comparable quality at the time of purchase to rated instruments eligible for purchase under a Fund’s investment policies. In making such determinations, the Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the issuers of such notes (such issuers include financial, merchandising, bank holding and other companies) and will continuously monitor their financial condition. Although there may be no active secondary market with respect to a particular variable or floating rate security purchased by a Fund, the Fund may resell the security at any time to a third party. The absence of an active secondary market, however, could make it difficult for a Fund to dispose of a variable or floating rate security in the event the issuer of the security defaulted on its payment obligations and a Fund could, as a result or for other reasons, suffer a loss to the extent of the default. To the extent that there exists no readily available market for such security and a Fund is not entitled to receive the principal amount of a note within seven days, such a security will be treated as an illiquid security for purposes of calculation of such Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities, as set forth in a Fund’s investment restrictions. Variable or floating rate securities may be secured by bank letters of credit.

 

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Warrants. The Funds may invest in warrants to participate in an anticipated increase in the market value of the security. A warrant entitles the holder to buy a security at a set price during a set period of time. If such market value increases, the warrant may be exercised and sold at a gain. A loss will be incurred if the market value decreases or if the term of the warrant expires before it is exercised. Warrants convey no rights to dividends or voting.

 

When-Issued Securities. The Funds may purchase securities on a “when-issued” basis (i.e., for delivery beyond the normal settlement date at a stated price and yield). When a Fund agrees to purchase securities on a “when-issued” basis, a Fund’s custodian will set aside cash or liquid portfolio securities equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate account. Normally, a Fund’s custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy the purchase commitment, and in such a case, a Fund may be required subsequently to place additional assets in the separate account in order to assure that the value of the account remains equal to the amount of a Fund’s commitment. It may be expected that a Fund’s net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than when it sets aside cash. In addition, because a Fund will set aside cash or liquid portfolio securities to satisfy its purchase commitments in the manner described above, such Fund’s liquidity and the ability of the Adviser to manage it might be affected in the event its commitments to purchase “when-issued” securities ever exceeded 25% of the value of its total assets. Under normal market conditions, however, a Fund’s commitment to purchase “when-issued” or “delayed-delivery” securities will not exceed 25% of the value of its total assets.

 

When a Fund engages in “when-issued” transactions, it relies on the seller to consummate the trade. Failure of the seller to do so may result in a Fund’s incurring a loss or missing the opportunity to obtain a price considered to be advantageous. A Fund will engage in “when-issued” delivery transactions only for the purpose of acquiring portfolio securities consistent with such Fund’s investment objectives and policies and not for investment leverage.

 

Calculation of Portfolio Turnover Rate. Purchases and sales of portfolio securities may be made as considered advisable by the Adviser in the best interests of the shareholders. The Funds’ portfolio turnover rates may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. The Funds’ distributions of any net short-term capital gains realized from portfolio transactions are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In addition, higher portfolio turnover rates can result in corresponding increases in portfolio transaction costs for the Fund. See “Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage” in this SAI.

 

For reporting purposes, the Funds’ portfolio turnover rates are calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by a Fund during the fiscal year. In determining such portfolio turnover, all securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less are excluded. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur, for example, if all of the securities in the Funds’ investment portfolio (other than short-term money market securities) were replaced once during the fiscal year. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor should the Adviser deem it advisable to purchase or sell securities.

 

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INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS

 

Fundamental Investment Restrictions

 

The following is a description of the Funds’ fundamental investment restrictions. “Fundamental” restrictions are those that may not be changed without the vote of a majority of a Fund’s outstanding voting securities. Under the 1940 Act, the vote of a majority of the outstanding securities of a company means the vote, at the annual or a special meeting of the security holders of such company duly called: (A) of 67 percent or more of the voting securities present at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting securities of such company are present or represented by proxy; or (B) of more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting securities of such company, whichever is less.

 

In contrast, non-fundamental investment restrictions (which include the Fund’s investment objective and each of the other investment restrictions set forth in the Prospectus or this SAI) may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

 

The percentages set forth below and the percentage limitations set forth in the Prospectus apply at the time of the purchase of a security and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of a purchase of such security.

 

For purposes of the fundamental restrictions set forth below, “total assets” means net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

Each Fund may not:

 

1.Purchase or sell real estate, provided that the Funds may invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies which invest in real estate or interests therein;

 

2.Purchase or sell physical commodities (including, by way of example and not by way of limitation, grains, oilseeds, livestock, meat, food, fiber, metals, petroleum, petroleum-based products or natural gas) or futures or options contracts with respect to physical commodities; provided, however, that this restriction shall not restrict a Fund from purchasing or selling any financial contracts or instruments which may be deemed commodities (including, by way of example and not by way of limitation, options, futures, and options on futures with respect, in each case, to interest rates, currencies, stock indexes, bond indexes or interest rate indexes) or any security which is collateralized or otherwise backed by physical commodities, and further provided that each Fund may purchase or sell physical gold and purchase or sell gold commodity contracts or options on such contracts in compliance with applicable laws;

 

3.Make loans to other persons, except that each Fund may lend portfolio securities representing up to one-third of the value of its total assets. (The Funds, however, may purchase and hold debt instruments and enter into repurchase agreements in accordance with their investment objectives and policies.)

 

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4.Underwrite securities of other issuers except insofar as the Funds may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933 in selling portfolio securities;

 

5.Invest more than 25% of total assets (taken at market value at the time of each investment) in the securities of issuers in any particular industry or group of industries;

 

6.Borrow money, except as permitted under the 1940 Act as interpreted or modified from time to time by any regulatory authority having jurisdiction; or

 

7.Issue senior securities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted or modified from time to time by any regulatory authority having jurisdiction.

 

For purposes of assessing compliance with fundamental investment restriction No. 5 above, each Fund will take into account publicly available information regarding the holdings of affiliated or unaffiliated investment companies.

 

In connection with fundamental investment restriction No. 7 above, each Fund may only enter into borrowings if immediately after each borrowing and continuing thereafter it will have an asset coverage of at least 300 percent, and that in the event such coverage falls below 300 percent, the Fund will reduce its borrowings within three days (not including Sundays and holidays) in order to comply with such limits.

 

Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions

 

In addition to the foregoing fundamental investment policies, the Funds are also subject to the following non-fundamental restrictions and policies. These, and other non-fundamental investment restrictions disclosed elsewhere in the prospectus or in this statement of additional information may be changed at any time by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval. For purposes of the non-fundamental restrictions set forth below, “total assets” means net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

Each Fund will not:

 

1.Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or management;

 

2.Invest in other investment companies except to the extent permitted by 1940 Act, rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief granted by the SEC pursuant to which the Fund can rely;

 

3.Invest more than 15% of its net assets in all forms of illiquid investments, as determined pursuant to applicable SEC rules and interpretations;

 

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4.Purchase or sell interests in oil, gas or other mineral exploration or development programs, although they may invest in the securities of issuers which invest in or sponsor such programs;

 

5.Invest more than 10% of its total assets (taken at market value at the time of each investment) in Special Situations, i.e., companies in the process of reorganization or buy-out);

 

6.Engage in short sales of securities when these transactions would cause the market value of all of a Fund’s securities sold short to exceed 15% of its net assets; or

 

7.Purchase securities on margin, except that the Fund may obtain such short-term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of transactions.

 

If any percentage restriction or requirement described above is satisfied at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in such percentage resulting from a change in asset value will not constitute a violation of such restriction or requirement. However, should a change in net asset value or other external events cause a Fund’s investments in illiquid securities, repurchase agreements with maturities in excess of seven days and other instruments in such Fund which are not readily marketable to exceed the limit set forth in such Fund’s Prospectus or herein for its investment in illiquid securities, the Fund will act to cause the aggregate amount of such securities to come within such limit as soon as reasonably practicable.

 

Any investment restriction or limitation, fundamental or otherwise, appearing in the Prospectus or SAI, which involves a maximum percentage of securities or assets shall not be considered to be violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after an acquisition of securities or utilization of assets, and such excess results therefrom.

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

This Policy sets forth the conditions under which Portfolio Holdings data for the Trust on behalf of the Funds may be disclosed to Third Parties (which may include the public) and Service Providers. No data about the Fund may be disclosed except in accordance with this Policy.

 

Portfolio Holdings data includes, but is not limited to, the following information about the Funds: (i) specific securities held; (ii) industry sector breakdowns as a percentage of portfolio net assets; (iii) asset composition (e.g., equities versus bonds); (iv) U.S. versus foreign holdings percentage breakdowns and regional breakdowns (e.g., Asia, North America); and (v) top 10 portfolio holdings in order of position size, including percentage of portfolio.

 

“Third Parties” or a “Third Party” means a person other than a Service Provider, an employee of a Service Provider, a Trustee of the Board, or an officer of the Funds.

 

“Service Providers” or a “Service Provider” includes, but is not limited to, the investment adviser, sub-adviser, administrator, custodian, transfer agent, fund accountant, principal underwriter, software or technology service providers, pricing and proxy voting service providers, research and trading service providers, auditors, accountants, and legal counsel, or any other entity that has a need to know such information in order to fulfill their contractual obligations to provide services to the Funds.

 

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Policy Overview

 

The Board has adopted, on behalf of the Funds, policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Portfolio Holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to protect the confidentiality of the Portfolio Holdings’ information and to prevent the selective disclosure of such information. These policies and procedures may be modified at any time with the approval of the Board.

 

In order to protect the Funds from any trading practices or other use by a Third Party that could harm the Fund, Portfolio Holdings’ and other Fund-specific information must not be selectively released or disclosed except under the circumstances described below.

 

The Board will periodically review the list of entities that have received, other than through public channels, Portfolio Holdings data, to ensure that the disclosure of the information was in the best interest of shareholders, identify any potential for conflicts of interest and evaluate the effectiveness of its current portfolio holding policy.

 

The identity of such entities is provided below:

 

Name of Recipient

Frequency of

Holdings Disclosure

Information

Lag

Date of

Information

Date Provided

to Recipients

Rondure Global Advisors, LLC

(Adviser)

Daily None Daily Daily

ALPS Fund Services, Inc.

(Administrator)

Daily None Daily Daily

Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., (“BBH & Co.”)
(Custodian)

Daily None Daily Daily

Deloitte & Touche LLP

(Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm)

As needed None As needed As needed

Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP

(Counsel)

As needed None As needed As needed

 

Only officers of the Funds and their authorized agents, including, but not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer of the investment adviser, may approve the disclosure of a Fund’s Portfolio Holdings. Except as set forth under “Policy Exceptions” below, exceptions to this Policy may only be made if an officer of a Fund and its authorized agents, including, but not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer of the investment adviser, determines that the disclosure is being made for a legitimate business purpose and such disclosures must be documented and reported to the Board on a quarterly basis. In all cases, Third Parties and Service Providers are required to execute a non-disclosure agreement requiring the recipient to keep confidential any Portfolio Holdings data received and not to trade on the Confidential Portfolio Information (defined below) received. Neither the Trust nor its Service Providers (nor any persons affiliated with either) can receive any compensation or other consideration in connection with the sharing of a Fund’s Portfolio Holdings.

 

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Disclosure of the Portfolio Holdings’ information that is not publicly available (“Confidential Portfolio Information”) may be made to Service Providers. In addition, to the extent permitted under applicable law, the investment adviser may distribute (or authorize the custodian or principal underwriter to distribute) Confidential Portfolio Information to the Fund’s relevant Service Providers and to facilitate the review of the Fund by certain mutual fund analysts and ratings agencies (such as Morningstar and Lipper Analytical Services) (“Rating Agencies”); provided that such disclosure is limited to the information that the investment adviser believes is reasonably necessary in connection with the services to be provided. As noted above, except to the extent permitted under this Policy, Confidential Portfolio Information may not be disseminated for compensation or other consideration.

 

Before any disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information to Service Providers or Rating Agencies is permitted, the applicable Fund’s investment adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer (or persons designated by the investment adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer) must determine in writing that, under the circumstances, the disclosure is being made for a legitimate business purpose. Furthermore, the recipient of Confidential Portfolio Information by a Service Provider or Rating Agency must be subject to a written confidentiality agreement that prohibits any trading upon the Confidential Portfolio Information or the recipient must be subject to professional or ethical obligations not to disclose or otherwise improperly use the information, such as would apply to independent registered public accounting firms or legal counsel.

 

The Fund’s investment adviser shall have primary responsibility for ensuring that the Portfolio Holdings’ information is disclosed only in accordance with this Policy. As part of this responsibility, the Fund’s investment adviser will maintain such internal policies and procedures as it believes are reasonably necessary for preventing the unauthorized disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information.

 

Portfolio Holdings

 

The disclosure policy currently authorizes the monthly dissemination of full month-end portfolio holdings of the Fund as well as top 10 portfolio holdings with a thirty (30) calendar day lag. Except as set forth in this Policy, the full holdings of the Fund will also be disclosed on a quarterly basis on forms required to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as follows: (i) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of each fiscal year will be filed as part of the annual report filed on Form N-CSR; (ii) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of the first and third fiscal quarters will be filed in Form N-Q; and (iii) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of the second fiscal quarter will be filed as part of the semi-annual report filed on Form N-CSR. Form N-Q is being rescinded. Once Form N-Q is rescinded, disclosure of each Fund’s complete holdings will be required to be made monthly on Form N-PORT no later than 60 days after the end of each month, with information reported on Form N-PORT for the third month of the fiscal quarter made publicly available by the SEC 60 days after the end of each Fund’s fiscal quarter. The Trust’s Form N-CSRs and Form N-Qs are available (and the Trust’s Form N-PORTs will be available) at www.sec.gov.

 

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Aggregate Portfolio Characteristics

 

Aggregate portfolio characteristics may be made available without a delay. Examples of aggregate portfolio characteristics include (1) the allocation of the Fund’s portfolio holdings and other investment positions among various asset classes, sectors, industries, and countries, (2) the characteristics of the stock and bond components of the Fund’s portfolio holdings and other investment positions, (3) the attribution of Fund returns by asset class, sector, industry, and country, and (4) the volatility characteristics of the Fund. The Funds may from time to time elect to not provide aggregate portfolio characteristics in the Funds’ sole discretion.

 

Policy Exceptions

 

The following disclosures of Portfolio Holdings are not prohibited by this Policy:

 

Disclosures that are required by law;

Disclosures necessary for Service Providers (defined above);

Disclosure necessary for Rating Agencies to assess applicable fund ratings.

Disclosures necessary to broker-dealers or banks as part of the normal buying, selling, shorting, or other transactions in portfolio securities

Disclosures to the applicable Fund’s or Service Providers’ regulatory authorities, accountants, or counsel;

Disclosures to the adviser of the Fund of compiled data concerning accounts managed by the adviser;

Any portfolio holdings that precede a full public disclosure (e.g., portfolio holdings that are dated prior to the most recent quarterly disclosure) are not considered to be sensitive, proprietary information of the Fund, and therefore are not subject to the aforementioned disclosure policies; or

Disclosure to certain consultants or analytic companies who calculate aggregate portfolio characteristics, of month-end portfolio holdings information without a delay; provided that the recipient acknowledges that they will keep the list confidential and not share the portfolio holdings with any other party or person before the expiration of the applicable 30-day lag.

 

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PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

 

Investment Decisions and Portfolio Transactions

 

Investment decisions for a Fund are made with a view to achieving its investment objectives. Investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular client involved (including the Fund). Some securities considered for investment by a Fund may also be appropriate for other clients served by the Adviser. Thus, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. If a purchase or sale of securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and one or more of these clients is considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities will be allocated among the Fund and clients in a manner deemed fair and reasonable by the Adviser. Particularly when investing in less liquid or illiquid securities of smaller capitalization companies, such allocation may take into account the asset size of the Fund in determining whether the allocation of an investment is suitable. The Adviser may aggregate orders for the Fund with simultaneous transactions entered into on behalf of its other clients so long as price and transaction expenses are averaged either for the portfolio transaction or for that day. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the security. In some instances, one client may sell a particular security to another client. It also sometimes happens that two or more clients simultaneously purchase or sell the same security, in which event each day’s transactions in such security are, insofar as possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which in the Adviser’s opinion is equitable to each and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each. There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more clients will have an adverse effect on other clients, including the Fund.

 

Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices

 

The Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities, options and futures contracts and buys and sells such securities, options and futures for the Fund through a substantial number of brokers and dealers. In so doing, the Adviser uses its best efforts to obtain for the Fund the most favorable price and execution available, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions as described below. In seeking the most favorable price and execution, the Adviser, having in mind the Fund’s best interests, considers all factors it deems relevant, including, by way of illustration, price, the size of the transaction, the nature of the market for the security, the amount of the commission, the timing of the transaction taking into account market prices and trends, the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker-dealer involved and the quality of service rendered by the broker-dealer in that or other transactions.

 

The Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio investments for the Fund’s accounts with brokers or dealers selected by it in its discretion. The Adviser is responsible for negotiating and determining any commission rates to be paid for such transactions. The Adviser has no affiliated broker-dealer. In effecting purchases and sales of portfolio securities for the accounts of the Fund, the Adviser will seek the best price and execution of the Fund’s orders. In doing so, the Fund may pay higher commission rates than the lowest available when the Adviser believes it is reasonable to do so in light of the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker effecting the transaction, as discussed below. Although the Fund may use a broker-dealer that sells Fund shares to effect transactions for the Fund’s portfolios, the Fund will not consider the sale of Fund shares as a factor when selecting broker-dealers to execute those transactions.

 

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There is generally no stated commission in the case of fixed-income securities and other securities traded on a principal basis in the OTC markets, but the price paid by the Fund usually includes an undisclosed dealer commission or markup. In underwritten offerings, the price paid by the Fund includes a disclosed, fixed commission or discount retained by the underwriter or dealer. Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges and other agency transactions involve the payment by the Fund of negotiated brokerage commissions. Such commissions vary among different brokers. Also, a particular broker may charge different commissions according to such factors as the difficulty and size of the transaction. Transactions in non-U.S. securities generally involve the payment of fixed brokerage commissions, which are generally higher than those in the United States. The purchase by the Fund of participations or assignments may be pursuant to privately negotiated transactions pursuant to which the Fund may be required to pay fees to the seller or forego a portion of payments in respect of the participation agreement.

 

Advisers or sub-advisers of investment companies and other institutional investors receive research and brokerage products and services (together, “services”) from broker-dealers which execute portfolio transactions for the clients of such advisers. Consistent with this practice, the Adviser receives brokerage and research products and services from many broker-dealers with which the Adviser places the Fund’s portfolio transactions. These services, which in some cases may also be purchased for cash, may include, among other things, such items as general economic and security market reviews, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities, recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities, and services related to the execution of securities transactions. The advisory fees paid by the Fund are not reduced because the Adviser receives such services even though the receipt of such services relieves the Adviser from expenses it might otherwise bear. Research and brokerage services provided by broker-dealers chosen by the Adviser to place the Fund’s portfolio transactions may be useful to the Adviser in providing services to the Adviser’s other clients, although not all of these services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser in managing the Fund. Conversely, brokerage and research products and services provided to the Adviser by broker-dealers in connection with trades executed on behalf of other clients of the Adviser may be useful to the Adviser in managing the Fund, although not all of these brokerage and research products and services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser in managing such other clients.

 

The Trust’s Board of Trustees has authorized the Adviser to pay a broker who provides research services commissions that are competitive but that are higher than the lowest available rate that another broker might have charged if the Adviser determines in good faith that the commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided. The provision of such services in exchange for brokerage business is commonly referred to as “soft-dollar arrangements.” Payment of higher commissions in exchange for research services will be made in compliance with the provisions of Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”) and other applicable state and federal laws. Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act defines “research” as, among other things, advice, directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities; and analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy and the performance of accounts. Research products and services provided to the Adviser by broker-dealers may include, among other things, databases, data services, certain software and publications that provide access to and/or analysis of company, market and statistical data and proprietary research and analysis. In addition, the Adviser may receive certain products and services which provide both research and non-research or administrative assistance (“mixed-use”) benefits, for example, software which is used for both portfolio analysis and account administration. In these instances, the Adviser makes a reasonable allocation as follows: the portion of such service of specific component which provides assistance to Adviser in its investment decision-making responsibilities is obtained from the broker-dealer with commissions paid on client portfolio transactions (including the Funds), while the portion of such services or specific component which provides non-research assistance is paid by the Adviser with its own resources.

 

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The Adviser places portfolio transactions for other advisory accounts. Research services furnished by firms through which the Trust effects its securities transactions may be used by the Adviser in servicing all of its accounts; not all of such services may be used by the Adviser in connection with the Trust. In the opinion of the Adviser, the benefits from research services to each of the accounts (including the Funds) managed by the Adviser cannot be measured separately. Because the volume and nature of the trading activities of the accounts are not uniform, the amount of commissions in excess of the lowest available rate paid by each account for brokerage and research services will vary. However, in the opinion of the Adviser, such costs to the Trust will not be disproportionate to the benefits received by the Trust on a continuing basis.

 

The Adviser may place orders for the purchase and sale of exchange-listed portfolio securities with a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser where, in the judgment of the Adviser, such firm will be able to obtain a price and execution at least as favorable as other qualified broker-dealers. Pursuant to rules of the SEC, a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser may receive and retain compensation for effecting portfolio transactions for the Fund on a securities exchange if the commissions paid to such an affiliated broker-dealer by the Fund on exchange transactions do not exceed “usual and customary brokerage commissions.” The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” As required by applicable SEC rules, the Board has adopted procedures which are reasonably designed to provide that any commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to an affiliated broker are consistent with the foregoing standards.

 

The brokerage practices are monitored quarterly by the Board of Trustees including the Trustees that are disinterested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds.

 

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During 2002 there was a shift in the brokerage industry toward trading securities in the OTC market on agency or commission-equivalent basis rather than on a principal or net price basis. OTC purchases and sales may be transacted directly with principal market makers or, under circumstances, on an agency basis if the Adviser believes that the interests of clients are best served by using a broker to execute OTC transactions where one or more market makers may not have the necessary liquidity and/or anonymity to fill the order. When the Adviser elects to transact in OTC securities on an agency basis, two transaction costs for a single trade may be incurred: a commission paid to the executing broker-dealer plus any mark-up or mark-down charged by the market making broker-dealer. The Funds also expect that securities will be purchased at times in underwritten offerings where the price includes a fixed amount of compensation, usually referred to as the underwriter’s concessions or discount. On occasion, purchases may also be made from the issuers. Purchases of new issues from underwriters of securities typically include a commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter.

 

Aggregation and Allocation of Trades

 

If the Adviser believes that the purchase or sale of a security is in the best interest of more than one of its clients (including the Funds), the Adviser may aggregate the securities to be purchased or sold to obtain favorable execution and/or lower brokerage commissions. In certain foreign markets, aggregation may occur at the broker level at the instruction of the Adviser. If an aggregate order is partially filled, the Adviser will allocate securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expense incurred in the transaction, on a pro-rata basis or in another manner it considers to be equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to its clients. Conflicts may arise in the allocation of investment opportunities among accounts (including the Funds) that the Adviser advises. The Adviser will seek to allocate investment opportunities believed appropriate for one or more of its accounts equitably and consistent with the best interests of all accounts involved; however, there can be no assurance that a particular investment opportunity that comes to the Adviser’s attention will be allocated in any particular manner. The Adviser will create a pre-allocation ticket (i.e., an “allocation statement”) prior to executing a block trade, typically using a rounding factor such as 100 shares. Accordingly, each order should state the accounts that will participate in any block trade and the intended allocation of the order among those accounts.

 

When an allocation statement is prepared:

 

(1) If a block trade is filled in its entirety, the shares must generally be allocated in accordance with the allocation specified in the order.

 

(2) If a block trade is partially filled, the shares are allocated using one of the methods below. In these situations, some Funds/Clients may receive their entire allocation and some Funds/Clients may not receive any allocation if their allocation is less than a de minimis amount.

 

§ Pro-Rata allocates shares based on the ratio of the filled shares to the order’s target. For example, if 50% of an order is filled, each Fund/Client gets 50% of the target. This means that larger accounts will get more shares. The pro-rata method may be used when there are no special considerations for distribution.

 

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§ Leveling distributes shares so that each Fund’s/Client’s current actual percent position is equal. Leveling may be used to bring all accounts to a certain percentage of portfolio market value in a security. This means the accounts the farthest away from a target weight will receive a higher percentage of its pre-allocation shares than accounts closer to their target weights.

 

§ Random allocates shares by randomly selecting Funds/Clients and filling their targets until no shares are left. Random may be used when there is a large block with a small fill. By using the random method, a small portion would not be assigned to each Fund/Client.

 

§ Sequential fills each Fund’s/Client’s target based on portfolio detail (e.g., cash), and then moves on to the next Fund/Client until no shares are left. For example, if sequential is used when a buy order is partially filled and the first sort is based on cash, the Fund/Clients with the most cash will be allocated shares first.

 

It is understood that circumstances may arise which make pre-execution allocations impossible. Trades that are not allocated pre-execution will be allocated no later than the close of business on the trade date. All Funds/Clients must be fairly and equitably treated by any post-execution allocation of a trade.

 

From time to time, the Adviser is given the opportunity to purchase an allocation of shares in an initial public offering (“IPO”). These allocations may be offered to the Adviser in part as a result of its past usage of various brokerage firms or previous private investments. If the aggregate order is partially filled, the Adviser will generally allocate securities purchased in these offerings to client accounts (including the Funds) within the designated investment style(s) for which the security is best suited using a pro-rata or other method believed equitable by it, unless the total allocation to the Adviser or a particular investment style is de minimis.

 

Certain conflicts of interest may arise related to aggregated transactions. The Adviser will report to the Board of Trustees of the Funds the existence of all of the relevant facts relating to any material conflicts of interest between the Adviser, its other advisory accounts and the Funds in any aggregated transaction to allow the independent trustees to approve or ratify the mutual fund’s participation in the aggregated transaction, before or after the transaction. The Board of Trustees has approved written trade aggregation policies and procedures that seek to ensure that aggregated transactions are made in a manner that is fair and equitable to, and in the best interests of, the various funds and accounts. The Board of Trustees, in conjunction with the Adviser, will review the trade aggregation policies and procedures no less frequently than annually to seek to ensure that they are adequate to prevent any Fund from being systematically disadvantaged as a result of the aggregated transactions.

 

The following table lists the total amount of brokerage commissions paid by each Fund for the fiscal period noted:

 

Fund Name

For the Fiscal Year

Ended April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal Year

Ended April 30, 2018

Rondure New World Fund $143,850 $307,754
Rondure Overseas Fund $19,281 $30,458

 

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Neither Fund had any transactions identified for execution primarily on the basis of research and other services provided to each Fund and therefore no related commissions.

 

The following tables list the total amount of brokerage commissions to brokers who were affiliated with the Funds or the Adviser during the fiscal period noted below:

 

Fund Name

For the Fiscal Year

Ended April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal Year

Ended April 30, 2018

Rondure New World Fund $0 $0
Rondure Overseas Fund $0 $0

 

Each Fund may acquire securities of brokers who execute the Funds’ portfolio transactions. As of April 30, 2019, each Fund owned securities of its regular broker-dealers (or parents) as shown below:

 

Fund Name Name of Broker-Dealer

Market Value of

Securities Owned

Rondure New World Fund N/A N/A
Rondure Overseas Fund N/A N/A

  

PURCHASE, EXCHANGE & REDEMPTION OF SHARES

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”), will maintain an account for each shareholder upon which the registration and transfer of shares are recorded, and any transfers shall be reflected by bookkeeping entry, without physical delivery. Confirmations of each purchase, exchange or redemption are sent to each shareholder. Quarterly statements of account are sent which include shares purchased as a result of a reinvestment of Fund distributions. The Transfer Agent will require that a shareholder provide requests in writing, accompanied by a valid signature guarantee form, when changing certain information in an account (i.e., wiring instructions, telephone privileges, etc.).

 

Share Classes

 

Shares of each Fund – Investor Class and Institutional Class.

 

The assets received by each class of the Fund for the issue or sale of its shares and all income, earnings, profits, losses and proceeds therefrom, subject only to the rights of creditors, are allocated to, and constitute the underlying assets of, that class of the Fund. The underlying assets of each class of the Fund are segregated and are charged with the expenses with respect to that class of the Fund along with a share of the general expenses of the Fund and Trust. Any general expenses of the Fund that are not readily identifiable as belonging to a particular class of the Fund are allocated by or under the direction of the Trustees in such manner as they determine to be fair and equitable.

 

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Purchase of Shares

 

The minimum initial investments in each share class are set forth in the Prospectus. There is no subsequent investment minimum for either share class.

 

Subsequent investments may be made at any time by mailing a check to a Fund’s Transfer Agent, along with a detachable stub from the Statement of Account (or a letter providing the account number). Shareholders should be sure to write the Fund’s account number on the check. Purchases of Fund shares (initial or subsequent) may not be made by third party check.

 

Shares of a Fund may be purchased on any business day at the net asset value per share next determined after receipt of a purchase order. Share certificates will not be issued. Share purchase orders are effective on the date a Fund receives a completed Account Application Form (and other required documents) and federal funds become available.

 

Initial and subsequent investments may also be made by electronic funds transfer or wire transfer. Shareholders should note that their bank may charge a fee in connection with transferring money by bank wire.

 

For a share purchase order for a Fund to become effective on a particular business day, prior to 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time): (i) in the case of a wire transfer payment, a purchaser must call a shareholder services representative at 1-855-775-3337 to inform the Transfer Agent of an incoming wire transfer; or (ii) in the case of payment by check or money order, a complete share purchase order must be actually received by the Transfer Agent, and, in either case, federal funds must be received by the Transfer Agent, on behalf of the Fund. If federal funds are received by the Transfer Agent that same day, the order will be effective on that day. If a Fund receives notification of a wire transfer or a complete share purchase order after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time), or if federal funds are not received by the Transfer Agent, such purchase order shall be executed as of the date that federal funds are actually received.

 

The price of a Fund’s shares and the valuation of Fund assets are discussed in “Net Asset Value.”

 

Exchanging Shares

 

If you have held your shares in a Fund for at least seven days, you may exchange those shares for shares of any of the funds in Financial Investors Trust advised by Rondure (each, a “Rondure Fund”), if such Rondure Fund is available for sale in your state, is open to additional investments and meets the investment criteria of the investor:

 

Rondure New World Fund

Rondure Overseas Fund

 

If you are an existing shareholder of any Rondure Fund, you may exchange into a new account copying your existing account registration and options. Exchanges between accounts will be accepted only if registrations are identical.

 

Before effecting an exchange, you should read the Prospectus.

 

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An exchange represents the sale of shares from one Fund and the purchase of shares of the other Fund. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, this may produce a taxable gain or loss in your non-tax-deferred account. If you exchange shares within 60 calendar days from their date of purchase, you may be subject to the redemption fee as described in this SAI in “Redemption Fees” below. Transfers between classes of a single Fund are generally not considered a taxable transaction and are not subject to the redemption fee.

 

The exchange privilege may be modified or terminated upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to shareholders. Although initially there will be no limit on the number of times you may exercise the exchange privilege, each Fund reserves the right to impose such a limitation. Call or write each Fund for further details.

 

Redemption of Shares

 

If the Board determines that it is in the best interests of the remaining shareholders of a Fund, a Fund may pay the redemption price in whole, or in part, by a distribution in kind from the Fund, in lieu of cash, taking such securities at their value employed for determining such redemption price, and selecting the securities in such manner as such Board may deem fair and equitable. A shareholder who receives a distribution in kind may incur a brokerage commission upon a later disposition of such securities and may receive less than the redemption value of such securities or property upon sale, particularly where such securities are sold prior to maturity. Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption.

 

Under the 1940 Act, each Fund may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for any period: (i) during which the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (ii) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; or (iii) during which (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or for such other periods as the SEC may permit. Each Fund may also suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of its shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions.

 

Redemption Procedures. Each Fund will redeem all full and fractional shares of the Fund upon request on any business day at the applicable net asset value determined after the receipt of proper redemption instructions, less any applicable redemption fees. Shareholders liquidating their holdings will receive upon redemption all dividends reinvested through the date of redemption. If notice of redemption is received on any business day, the redemption will be effective on the date of receipt. Payment will ordinarily be made on the next business day, but, in any case, within no more than seven business days from the date of receipt. If the notice is received on a day that is not a business day or after the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE, the redemption notice will be deemed received as of the next business day. The value of shares at the time of redemption may be more or less than the shareholder’s cost.

 

No redemption requests will be processed until a Fund has received a completed Purchase Application, and no redemption of shares purchased by check will be made until all checks received for such shares have been collected, which may take up to 15 days or more.

 

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Redemption Fees. If you sell your shares of either Fund after holding them 60 calendar days or less, a 2% short-term redemption fee may be deducted from the redemption amount. For this purpose, shares held longest will be treated as being redeemed first and shares held shortest as being redeemed last. The fees are paid to the respective Fund and are designed to help offset the brokerage commissions, market impact and other costs associated with short-term shareholder trading.

 

The short-term redemption fee does not apply to: (i) redemptions of shares acquired by reinvesting dividends and distributions; (ii) rollovers, transfers and changes of account registration within the Fund as long as the money never leaves such Fund; and (iii) redemptions in-kind.

 

The Fund(s) also permits waivers of the short-term redemption fee for the following transactions:

 

Redemptions from shareholder accounts liquidated for failure to meet the minimum investment requirement;

Redemptions related to a disability as defined by Internal Revenue Service requirements;

Redemptions due to death for shares transferred from a decedent’s account to a beneficiary’s account;

Redemptions due to divorce for shares transferred pursuant to a divorce decree;

Redemptions of shares through a systematic withdrawal plan;

Broker-dealer sponsored wrap program accounts and/or fee-based accounts maintained for clients of certain financial intermediaries who have entered into selling agreements with the Distributor;

Redemptions through an automatic, non-discretionary rebalancing or asset allocation program;

Redemptions due to a back office correction made to an account to provide the shareholder with the intended transaction;

Rollovers, transfers and changes of account registration within a Fund as long as the money never leaves the Fund, including transfers between share classes;

Redemptions in-kind;

Redemptions due to reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gains;

Any involuntary redemption and/or exchange transactions, including, for example, those required by law or regulation, a regulatory agency, a court order or as a result of a liquidation of a Fund by the Board of Trustees;

Certain types of IRA account transactions, including redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, required minimum distributions, withdrawals due to disability or death, return of excess contribution amounts, and redemptions related to payment of custodian fees;

Certain types of employer-sponsored and 403(b) retirement plan transactions, including loans or hardship withdrawals, minimum required distributions, redemptions pursuant to systematic withdrawal programs, forfeiture of assets, return of excess contribution amounts, redemptions related to payment of plan fees, and redemptions related to death, disability or qualified domestic relations order; and

Certain other transactions as deemed appropriate by the Adviser.

 

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The application of short-term redemption fees and waivers may vary among intermediaries and certain intermediaries may not apply the waivers listed above. If you purchase or sell Fund shares through an intermediary, you should contact your intermediary for more information on whether the short-term redemption fee will be applied to redemptions of your shares.

 

Each Fund reserves the right to modify or eliminate the short-term redemption fee or waivers at any time. Investment advisers or their affiliates may pay short-term redemption fees on behalf of investors in managed accounts. Unitized group accounts consisting of qualified plan assets may be treated as a single account for redemption fee purposes.

 

Redemption By Mail. Shares may be redeemed by mail by submitting a written request from the registered owner(s) signed exactly as shares are registered. Signature guarantees by an acceptable guarantor are required to redeem amounts greater than $50,000 ($100,000 for corporate accounts) or to have proceeds sent to an address other than the address of record. The Transfer Agent has adopted standards and procedures pursuant to which signature-guarantees in proper form generally will be accepted from domestic banks, brokers, dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations, as well as from participants in the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program, the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (“STAMP”) and the Stock Exchanges Medallion Program. Shareholders with any questions regarding signature-guarantees should contact the Transfer Agent.

 

In certain instances, the Transfer Agent may require additional documents such as, but not limited to, trust instruments, death certificates, appointments as executor or administrator or certificates of corporate authority.

 

Checks for redemption proceeds will be mailed to the address of record within seven days of redemption.

 

Redemption by Electronic Funds Transfer. Redemption proceeds can be electronically transferred to a predesignated bank account on or about the second business day after receipt of a redemption request. There is no fee associated with this type of transfer.

 

Redemption By Wire. If redemption by wire has been elected in the Purchase Application, shares may be redeemed on any business day upon request made by telephone or letter. A shareholder or any authorized agent (so designated on the Account Application Form) must provide the Transfer Agent with the dollar or share amount to be redeemed, the account to which the redemption proceeds should be wired, the name of the shareholder and the shareholder’s account number. Shareholders should note that their bank may charge a fee in connection with transferring money by wire.

 

A shareholder may change its authorized agent, the address of record or the account designated to receive redemption proceeds at any time by providing the Transfer Agent with written instructions signature guaranteed as described above.

 

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Telephone Redemption. A shareholder may request redemption by calling a shareholder services representative at 1-855-775-3337. Proceeds from telephone redemptions will be forwarded to the shareholder by check unless the shareholder has requested redemption by electronic funds transfer or wire in the manner described above under “Redemption by Wire.” The check will be made only payable to the registered shareholder and sent to the address of record on file with the Transfer Agent. Each Fund reserves the right to refuse a telephone request for redemption if it is believed advisable to do so. Procedures for redeeming shares by telephone may be modified or terminated at any time by the Fund. Neither any Fund nor the Transfer Agent will be liable for following redemption instructions received by telephone which are reasonably believed to be genuine, and the shareholder will bear the risk of loss in the event of unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. Each Fund will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. The Fund and/or the Transfer Agent may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions if they do not follow such procedures. Each Fund may require personal identification codes.

 

Medallion Signature Guarantee

 

A Medallion Signature Guarantee assures that a signature is genuine. It is intended to protect shareholders and the Funds against fraudulent transactions by unauthorized persons. A signature guarantee is required if any of the following is applicable:

 

You request a redemption by check above $50,000 ($100,000 for corporate accounts);

You would like a check made payable to anyone other than the shareholder(s) of record.

You would like a redemption made within 30 days of an address change.

You would like a redemption of shares purchased within the prior 90 days from a new bank account or updated bank account, regardless of payment instructions.

You would like a check mailed to an address other than the address of record.

You would like your redemption proceeds sent to a bank account other than a bank account of record.

 

The Funds reserve the right to require a signature guarantee under other circumstances or to reject or delay a redemption on certain legal grounds.

 

A signature guarantee may be refused if any of the following is applicable:

 

It does not appear valid or in good form.

The transaction amount exceeds the surety bond limit of the signature guarantee.

The guarantee stamp has been reported as stolen, missing or counterfeit.

 

How to Obtain a Medallion Signature Guarantee

 

Medallion Signature Guarantees must be obtained from a participant in a Medallion program endorsed by the Securities Transfer Association. Participants are typically commercial banks or trust companies in the United States, brokerage firms that are members of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. or members of the New York Stock Exchange. Call your financial institution to see if it participates in a medallion program.

 

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A Medallion Signature Guarantee may not be provided by a notary public.

 

Rule 12b-1 Plans (Investor Class only)

 

As described in the Prospectus, each Fund has adopted a Rule 12b-1 plan for its Investor Class shares (the “Plan”). Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, the Plan (together with the Distribution Agreement) were approved by the Trust’s Board, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust (as defined in the 1940 Act) and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of the Plan or the Distribution Agreement. The principal types of activities for which payments under the Plan may be made include payments relating to distribution and marketing of Investor Class shares. Payments under the Plan also may be made for activities such as advertising, printing and mailing the Prospectus to persons who are not current shareholders, compensation to underwriters, compensation to broker-dealers, compensation to sales personnel, and interest, carrying or other financing charges. The Trust believes that the Plan may benefit the Trust by increasing net sales of the Funds (or reducing net redemptions), potentially allowing the Funds to benefit from economies of scale.

 

Under the terms of the Plan, the Trust is authorized to make payments to the Distributor, as defined later in this SAI, for remittance to retirement plan service providers, broker-dealers, bank trust departments, financial advisors, and other financial intermediaries, as compensation for distribution and/or shareholder services performed by such entities for their customers who are investors in the Fund. Financial intermediaries may from time to time be required to meet certain criteria in order to receive Rule 12b-1 fees. The Distributor is entitled to retain some or all fees payable under the Plan in certain circumstances (which may exceed actual expenses incurred), including when there is no broker of record or when certain qualification standards have not been met by the broker of record.

 

The Plan may be terminated by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the relevant class of shares of the Fund. The Plan may be amended by vote of the relevant Trustees, including a majority of the relevant Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose. Any change in the Plan that would materially increase the fees payable thereunder by the relevant class of shares of the Fund requires approval by a vote of the holders of a majority of such shares outstanding. The Trust’s Trustees review quarterly a written report of such costs and the purposes for which such costs have been incurred.

 

The Plan will continue in effect for successive one-year periods, provided that each such continuance is specifically approved (i) by the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees of the Trust who have no financial interest in the operation of the Plan and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the entire Board cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose.

 

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Amounts Expensed Under the Rule 12b-1 Plan

 

For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, the total amounts paid by the Investor Class shares of each Fund to ADI (substantially all of which ADI paid out as compensation to broker-dealers and other service providers) under the Investor Class Plan are summarized below.

 

 

Advertising

and

Literature

Printing

and

Postage

Payment to Dealers

Compensation

to Sales

Personnel

Total 12b-1

Payments

Rondure New World Fund     $54,668   $54,668
Rondure Overseas Fund     $11,710   $11,710

 

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

The business and affairs of each Fund are managed under the direction of its Board. The Board approves all significant agreements between the Trust on behalf of a Fund and the persons or companies that furnish services to the Fund, including agreements with its distributor, Adviser, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. The day-to-day operations of each Fund are delegated to the Fund’s Adviser and administrator.

 

The name, address, year of birth and principal occupations for the past five years of the Trustees and officers of the Trust are listed below, along with the number of portfolios in the Fund complex overseen by and the other directorships held by each Trustee.

 

INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES

 

Name,

Address*

& Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of

Office** and

Length of

Time

Served

Principal

Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years***

Number of 

Funds in

 Fund 

Complex

Overseen

by Trustee

****

Other

Directorships

Held by

Trustee During

Past 5

Years***

Mary K. Anstine,

1940

 

Trustee and Chairman Ms. Anstine was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on March 21, 1997 and re-elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Ms. Anstine was appointed Chairman of the Board at the June 6, 2017 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Anstine was formerly an Executive Vice President of First Interstate Bank of Denver until 1994, President/Chief Executive Officer of HealthONE Alliance, Denver, Colorado, from 1994 to 2004, and has been retired since 2004. Ms. Anstine is also Trustee/Director of AV Hunter Trust and Colorado Uplift Board. Ms. Anstine was formerly a Director of the Trust Bank of Colorado (later purchased and now known as Northern Trust Bank), HealthONE and Denver Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America, and a member of the American Bankers Association Trust Executive Committee. 31 Ms. Anstine is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); ALPS Variable Investment Trust (9 funds); Reaves Utility Income Fund (1 fund); and Segall Bryant & Hamill Trust (14 funds).

 

51 

 

Name,

Address*

& Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of

Office** and

Length of

Time

Served

Principal

Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years***

Number of 

Funds in

 Fund 

Complex

Overseen

by Trustee

****

Other

Directorships

Held by

Trustee During

Past 5

Years***

Jeremy W. Deems,

1976

Trustee Mr. Deems was appointed as a Trustee at the March 11, 2008 meeting of the Board of Trustees and elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Deems is the Co-Founder, Chief Operations Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Green Alpha Advisors, LLC, a registered investment advisor, and Co-Portfolio Manager of the Shelton Green Alpha Fund. Prior to joining Green Alpha Advisors, Mr. Deems was CFO and Treasurer of Forward Management, LLC, ReFlow Management Co., LLC, ReFlow Fund, LLC, a private investment fund, and Sutton Place Management, LLC, an administrative services company, from 1998 to June 2007. From 2004 to 2005, Mr. Deems also served as Treasurer of the Forward Funds and the Sierra Club Funds. 31 Mr. Deems is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); ALPS Variable Investment Trust (9 funds); Clough Funds Trust (1 fund); and Reaves Utility Income Fund (1 fund).

Jerry G. Rutledge,

1944

 

Trustee Mr. Rutledge was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Rutledge is the President and owner of Rutledge’s Inc., a retail clothing business. Mr. Rutledge is currently Director of the American National Bank. He was from 1994 to 2007 a Regent of the University of Colorado. 31 Mr. Rutledge is a Trustee of Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Equity Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Opportunities Fund (1 fund); and Principal Real Estate Income Fund (1 fund).

Michael “Ross” Shell ,

1970

Trustee Mr. Shell was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Shell is Founder and CEO of Red Idea, LLC, a strategic consulting/early stage venture firm (since June 2008). From 1999 to 2009, he was a part-owner and Director of Tesser, Inc., a brand agency. From December 2005 to May 2008, he was Director, Marketing and Investor Relations, of Woodbourne, a REIT/real estate hedge fund and private equity firm. Prior to this, from May 2004 to November 2005, he worked as a business strategy consultant; from June 2003 to April 2004, he was on the Global Client Services team of IDEO, a product design/innovation firm; and from 1999 to 2003, he was President of Tesser, Inc. Mr. Shell graduated with honors from Stanford University with a degree in Political Science. 31 None.

 

52 

 

INTERESTED TRUSTEE

 

Name,

Address*

& Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of Office**

and Length of

Time Served

Principal

Occupation(s)

During Past 5

Years***

Number of

Funds in

Fund

Complex

Overseen by

Trustee ****

Other

Directorships

Held by

Trustee During

Past 5

Years***

Edmund J. Burke,

1961

Trustee Mr. Burke was elected as Trustee at a special meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2009. Mr. Burke joined ALPS in 1991 and served as the President and Director of ALPS Holdings, Inc., and ALPS Advisors, Inc., and Director of ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (“ALPS”), and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. (collectively, the “ALPS Companies”). Mr. Burke retired from the ALPS Companies in June 2019. Mr. Burke is deemed an interested Trustee by virtue of his prior positions with the ALPS Companies. 31 Mr. Burke is a Trustee of ALPS ETF Trust (16 funds); Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Equity Fund (1 fund); Clough Global Opportunities Fund (1 fund); Clough Funds Trust (1 fund); Liberty All-Star Equity Fund (1 fund); and Director of the Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc. (1 fund).

 

OFFICERS

 

Name, Address* &

Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of

Office** and

Length of

Time Served

Principal Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years***

Bradley J. Swenson, 1972 President Mr. Swenson was elected President of the Trust at the June 11 – 12, 2019 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Mr. Swenson joined ALPS in 2004 and has served as its President since June 2019. In this role, he serves as an officer to certain other closed-end and open-end investment companies. Because of his position with ALPS, Mr. Swenson is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. He previously served as the Chief Operating Officer of ALPS (2015-2019). Mr. Swenson also previously served as Chief Compliance Officer to ALPS, its affiliated entities, and to certain ETF, closed-end and open-end investment companies (2004-2015).

 

53 

 

Name, Address* &

Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of

Office** and

Length of

Time Served

Principal Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years***

Kimberly R. Storms,

1972

 

Treasurer Ms. Storms was elected Treasurer of the Trust at the March 12, 2013 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Storms is Senior Vice President - Director of Fund Administration of ALPS. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Storms is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Storms is also Treasurer of Liberty All-Star Equity Fund, Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc. and ALPS Series Trust. Ms. Storms also serves as a Board member and Treasurer of The Center for Trauma & Resilience, a nonprofit agency.

Karen S. Gilomen,

1970

 

Secretary Ms. Gilomen was elected Secretary of the Trust at the December 13, 2016 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Gilomen joined ALPS in August 2016 as Vice President and Senior Counsel. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Gilomen was Vice President - General Counsel & CCO of Monticello Associates, Inc. from 2010 to 2016. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Gilomen is deemed an affiliate of the Trust, as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Gilomen is also the Secretary of ALPS Variable Investment Trust and Reaves Utility Income Fund, and the Assistant Secretary of the WesMark Funds.

Ted Uhl,

1974

Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) Mr. Uhl was appointed CCO of the Trust at the June 8, 2010 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

Mr. Uhl joined ALPS in October 2006, and is currently Deputy Compliance Officer of ALPS. Prior to his current role, Mr. Uhl served as Senior Risk Manager for ALPS from October 2006 until June 2010. Before joining ALPS, Mr. Uhl served a Sr. Analyst with Enenbach and Associates (RIA), and a Sr. Financial Analyst at Sprint. Because of his position with ALPS, Mr. Uhl is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Mr. Uhl is also CCO of the Boulder Growth & Income Fund, Inc., Centre Funds, Axonic Alternative Income Fund, Index Funds, Reality Shares ETF Trust, Reaves Utility Income Fund and XAI Octagon Floating Rate & Alternative Income Term Trust.

Jennell Panella,

1974

Assistant Treasurer Ms. Panella was elected Assistant Treasurer of the Trust at the September 15, 2015 meeting of the Board of Trustees Ms. Panella joined ALPS in June 2012 and is currently Fund Controller of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Panella served as Financial Reporting Manager for Parker Global Strategies, LLC (2009-2012). Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Panella is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Panella also serves as Assistant Treasurer of James Advantage Funds.

Sharon Akselrod,

1974

 

Assistant Secretary Ms. Akselrod was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the September 15, 2015 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Akselrod joined ALPS in August 2014 and is currently Senior Investment Company Act Paralegal of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Akselrod served as Corporate Governance and Regulatory Associate for Nordstrom fsb (2013-2014) and Senior Legal Assistant – Legal Manager for AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company (2008-2013). Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Akselrod is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Akselrod is also Secretary of Principal Real Estate Income Fund and Assistant Secretary of ALPS ETF Trust and Clough Funds Trust.

Jennifer Craig,

1973

 

Assistant Secretary

Ms. Craig was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the June 8, 2016 meeting of the Board of Trustees.

 

Ms. Craig joined ALPS in 2007 and is currently Assistant Vice President and Paralegal Manager of ALPS. Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Craig is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Craig is also Assistant Secretary of Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund, Clough Global Equity Fund, Clough Global Opportunities Fund, Liberty All-Star Equity Fund and Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc.

 

54 

 

Name, Address* &

Year of Birth

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of

Office** and

Length of

Time Served

Principal Occupation(s) During

Past 5 Years***

Sareena Khwaja-Dixon,

1980

 

Assistant Secretary Ms. Khwaja-Dixon was elected Assistant Secretary of the Trust at the December 12, 2017 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Ms. Khwaja-Dixon joined ALPS in August 2015 and is currently Senior Counsel and Vice President of ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Khwaja-Dixon served as a Senior Paralegal/Paralegal for Russell Investments (2011 – 2015). Because of her position with ALPS, Ms. Khwaja-Dixon is deemed an affiliate of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. Ms. Khwaja-Dixon is also Secretary of Liberty All-Star Equity Fund, Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc., Clough Funds Trust, Clough Global Dividend and Income Fund, Clough Global Opportunities Fund, and Clough Global Equity Fund.

 

* All communications to Trustees and Officers may be directed to Financial Investors Trust c/o 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, CO 80203.

**This is the period for which the Trustee or Officer began serving the Trust. Each Trustee serves an indefinite term, until such Trustees successor is elected and appointed, or such Trustee resigns or is deceased. Officers are elected on an annual basis.

***Except as otherwise indicated, each individual has held the office shown or other offices in the same company for the last five years.

**** The Fund Complex includes all series of the Trust (currently 31) and any other investment companies for which Rondure provides investment advisory services (currently none).

 

Additional Information About the Trustees’ Qualifications and Experience

 

The following is a brief discussion of the specific education, experience, qualifications, or skills that led to the conclusion, as of the date of this SAI, that each person identified below should serve as a Trustee for the Trust.

 

Mary K. Anstine

 

Ms. Anstine has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since March 21, 1997 and Chairman since June 6, 2017. Currently retired, Ms. Anstine has over 30 years of financial services experience. Most recently, she was President and CEO of HealthONE Alliance, Denver, Colorado from 1994 through 2004. From 1964 to 1994, Ms. Anstine held positions leading up to Executive Vice President of First Interstate Bank. She was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on her business and financial services experience.

 

Jeremy W. Deems

 

Mr. Deems has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since March 11, 2008. In 2007, Mr. Deems co-founded Green Alpha Advisors, LLC, a registered investment adviser, for which he currently serves as Chief Operations Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to co-founding Green Alpha Advisors, Mr. Deems was CFO of Forward Management, LLC, investment advisor to the Forward Funds and Sierra Club Mutual Funds, where he was also co-portfolio manager to the Sierra Club Stock Fund. In addition, he was the CFO of ReFlow Management Co., LLC. Prior to joining Forward and ReFlow, he served as Regional Marketing Assistant within the Investment Consulting Services Group at Morgan Stanley Dean Witter. Mr. Deems received a B.S. and a MBA in finance from Saint Mary’s College of California and is a licensed Certified Public Accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services, accounting and investment management experience.

 

55 

 

Jerry G. Rutledge

 

Mr. Rutledge has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. Mr. Rutledge is the President and owner of Rutledge’s Inc., an upscale men’s clothing store, which he opened in 1967. Mr. Rutledge has over 40 years of business experience. He served on the CU Board of Regents from 1995 to 2007 and currently serves on the Board of American National Bank. Mr. Rutledge is a graduate of the University of Colorado. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business experience.

 

Michael “Ross” Shell

 

Mr. Shell has been an Independent Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. In 2008, Mr. Shell founded Red Idea, LLC, a strategic consulting/early stage venture firm, for which he currently serves as CEO. From 1999 to 2009, he was a part-owner and Director of Tesser, Inc., a brand agency, during which time he also served as Director, Marketing and Investor Relations, of Woodbourne, a REIT/real estate hedge fund and private equity firm. Prior to this, he worked as a business strategy consultant, he was on the Global Client Services team of IDEO, and he was President of Tesser, Inc. Mr. Shell graduated with honors from Stanford University with a degree in Political Science. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services and investment management experience.

 

Edmund J. Burke

 

Mr. Burke has been an Interested Trustee of the Trust since August 7, 2009. Mr. Burke joined ALPS Fund Services, Inc., the Funds’ administrator, in 1991 and retired in 2019. He previously served as Director of ALPS Holdings, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc., ALPS Advisors, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc., the Funds’ principal underwriter, and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. Mr. Burke has over 20 years of financial services and investment management experience. Before joining ALPS, Mr. Burke was a Regional Vice President for the Pioneer Funds in Boston and has also worked with Fidelity. Mr. Burke has a B.A. in Economics from the University of New Hampshire. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services and investment management experience.

 

Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities

 

Overall responsibility for oversight of each Fund rests with the Trustees. The Trust has engaged the Adviser to manage each Fund on a day-to day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers in the operations of each Fund in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s charter. The Board is currently composed of five members, four of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board meets at regularly scheduled quarterly meetings each year. In addition, the Board may hold special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. As described below, the Board has established a Nominating and Governance Committee and an Audit Committee, and may establish ad hoc committees or working groups from time to time, to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities. The Independent Trustees have also engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.

 

56 

 

The Board has appointed Mary K. Anstine, an Independent Trustee, to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with the Adviser, other service providers, counsel and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board reviews matters related to its leadership structure annually. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate given the Trust’s characteristics and circumstances. These characteristics include, but are not limited to, the Trust’s multiple series of fund shares, each fund’s single portfolio of assets, each fund’s net assets, the services provided by the funds’ service providers, the formal and informal functions of the various Independent Trustees both during and between Board meetings, the existence of the Trust for over 15 years and the long board service of some of the Independent Trustees, which in some cases date back to the inception of the Trust.

 

Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of the Funds and is addressed as part of various Board and Committee activities. As part of its regular oversight of the Funds, the Board, directly or through a Committee, interacts with and reviews reports from, among others, Fund management, the Adviser, the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer, the Funds’ legal counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds regarding risks faced by the Funds. The Board, with the assistance of Fund management and the Adviser, reviews investment policies and risks in connection with its review of each Fund’s performance. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Funds’ compliance program and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Funds and their principal service providers. In addition, as part of the Board’s periodic review of each Fund’s advisory and other service provider agreements, the Board may consider risk management aspects of these service providers’ operations and the functions for which they are responsible.

 

None of the Independent Trustees own securities in the Adviser or the Distributor, nor do they own securities in any entity directly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Adviser or the Distributor.

 

Audit Committee. The Board has an Audit Committee which considers such matters pertaining to the Trust’s books of account, financial records, internal accounting controls and changes in accounting principles or practices as the Trustees may from time to time determine. The Audit Committee also considers the engagement and compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm (“Firm”) and ensures receipt from the Firm of a formal written statement delineating relationships between the Firm and the Trust, consistent with Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Rule 3526. The Audit Committee also meets privately with the representatives of the Firm to review the scope and results of audits and other duties as set forth in the Audit Committee’s Charter. The Audit Committee members, each of whom are Independent Trustees are: Ms. Anstine and Messrs. Deems (Chairman), Rutledge and Shell. The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019.

 

57 

 

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee meets periodically to advise and assist the Board in selecting nominees to serve as trustees of the Trust. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes the Board generally benefits from diversity of background, experience and views among its members, and considers this a factor in evaluating the composition of the Board, but has not adopted any specific policy in this regard. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also advises and assists the Board in establishing, implementing and executing policies, procedures and practices that assure orderly and effective governance of the Trust and effective and efficient management of all business and financial affairs of the Trust. Members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are currently: Ms. Anstine (Chairman) and Messrs. Deems, Rutledge and Shell. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board met once during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019.

 

Shareholder Nominations. The Board will consider shareholder nominees for Trustees. All nominees must possess the appropriate characteristics, skills and experience for serving on the Board. In particular, the Board and its Independent Trustees will consider each nominee’s integrity, educational and professional background, understanding of the Trust’s business on a technical level and commitment to devote the time and attention necessary to fulfill a Trustee’s duties. All shareholders who wish to recommend nominees for consideration as Trustees shall submit the names and qualifications of the candidates to the Secretary of the Trust by writing to: Financial Investors Trust, 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado, 80203.

 

As of December 31, 2018, the dollar range of equity securities in the Funds beneficially owned by the Interested Trustee were as follows:

 

Interested Trustee

Dollar Range of Equity

Securities in the Funds

Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in

All Registered Investment Companies

Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment

Companies

Edmund J. Burke None None

 

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As of December 31, 2018, the dollar range of equity securities in the Funds beneficially owned by Independent Trustees were as follows:

 

Independent Trustees

Dollar Range of Equity

Securities in the Funds

Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in

All Registered Investment Companies

Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment

Companies

Mary K. Anstine None $10,001 - $50,000
Jeremy W. Deems None None
Jerry G. Rutledge None $50,001-$100,000
Michael “Ross” Shell None None

 

Remuneration of Trustees. The Independent Trustees receive a quarterly retainer of $15,000, plus $6,000 for each regular or special in-person Board or Committee meeting attended, and $2,000 for each special telephonic Board or Committee meeting attended. The Chairman of the Board and the Chairman of the Audit Committee will also receive an additional quarterly retainer of $3,000. The Independent Trustees are also reimbursed for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, the Independent Trustees received the following compensation:

 

 

Aggregate

Compensation

From the Trust

Pension Or

Retirement Benefits

Accrued As Part of

Fund Expenses

Estimated

Annual Benefits

Upon Retirement

Aggregate

Compensation

From The Trust

And Fund

Complex Paid To

Trustees*

Mary K. Anstine $120,000 $0 $0 $120,000
Jeremy W. Deems $120,000 $0 $0 $120,000
Jerry G. Rutledge $106,000 $0 $0 $106,000
Michael “Ross” Shell $104,000 $0 $0 $104,000

 

* The Fund Complex includes all series of the Trust (currently 31) and any other investment companies for which any Trustee serves as trustee for and which Rondure provides investment advisory services (currently none).

 

No officer, trustee or employee of the Adviser or any of its affiliates receives any compensation from the Funds for serving as an officer or trustee of the Funds.

 

INVESTMENT MANAGER

 

Rondure Global Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser” or “Rondure Global Advisors”), subject to the authority of the Funds’ Board of Trustees, is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Funds’ business affairs. The Adviser commenced business operations in November 2016 and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment adviser. The Adviser’s principal address is 136 South Main Street, Suite 720, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101.

 

59 

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Rondure New World Fund and the Rondure Overseas Fund each pay the Adviser an annual management fee of 0.85% and 0.70%, respectively, based on the Fund’s average daily net assets. The management fee is paid on a monthly basis.

 

The current term of the Advisory Agreement is one year. The Board may extend the Advisory Agreement for additional one-year terms. The Board, shareholders of the Funds or the Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ notice. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the renewal of the Rondure New World and Rondure Overseas Funds’ Advisory Agreement is provided in the Funds’ semi-annual report to shareholders for the period ended October 31, 2018.

 

The Adviser has contractually agreed, pursuant to an agreement with the Funds (the “Expense Agreement”), to waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage expenses, interest expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) for each of the Funds. The Rondure New World Fund will be limited to 1.35% and 1.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. The Rondure Overseas Fund will be limited to 1.10% and 0.85% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s Investor Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively. The Expense Agreement with respect to each Fund is in effect through August 31, 2020.

 

The Adviser will be permitted to recapture, on a class- by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the Expense Agreement to the extent that a Fund’s expenses in later periods fall below the annual rates set forth in the Expense Agreement or in previous letter agreements; provided, however, that such recapture payments do not cause the Fund’s expense ratio (after recapture) to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense cap in effect at the time of the waiver and (ii) the expense cap in effect at the time of the recapture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees and expenses more than three years after the date on which the fees or expenses were deferred. The Expense Agreement may not be terminated or modified by the Adviser prior to August 31, 2020, except with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

 

Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser shall not be liable for losses or damages incurred by the Funds, unless such losses or damages are attributable to the willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Adviser or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties under the Advisory Agreement (“disabling conduct”). In addition, the Funds will indemnify the Adviser and its affiliates and hold each of them harmless against any losses or damages not resulting from disabling conduct.

 

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The tables below shows the management fees paid by each Fund to the Adviser for the periods indicated:

 

For the Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2019
Fund Gross Advisory Fees Waiver of Advisory Fees Reimbursement of
Other Expenses
Net Advisory
Fees
Rondure New World Fund $1,029,537 ($448,341) $0 $581,196
Rondure Overseas Fund $164,816 ($208,118) ($43,302) $0

 

For the Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2018
Fund Gross Advisory Fees Waiver of Advisory Fees Reimbursement of
Other Expenses
Net Advisory
Fees
Rondure New World Fund $728,171 ($457,148) $0 $271,023
Rondure Overseas Fund $92,969 ($92,969) ($126,923) $0

  

DISTRIBUTOR

 

Shares of each Fund are offered on a continuous basis through ALPS Distributors, Inc. (an affiliate of ALPS) (“ADI” or the “Distributor”), located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, as distributor pursuant to a distribution agreement between the Distributor and the Fund. The Distributor is not obligated to sell any specific amount of Fund shares.

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

The Trust, the Adviser and the Distributor each have adopted a code of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics permit the personnel of these entities to invest in securities, including securities that the Fund may purchase or hold. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.

 

ADMINISTRATOR

 

Each Fund currently employs ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (an affiliate of ADI) (“ALPS” or the “Administrator”), located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, under an administration agreement to provide certain administrative services to the Funds. Information on the services provided by the Administrator is available in the Prospectus, which is incorporated by reference in this SAI.

 

The table below shows the administrative fees earned by ALPS for the periods indicated:

 

 

For the Fiscal Year Ended

April 30, 2019

For the Fiscal Year Ended

April 30, 2018

Rondure New World Fund $234,650 $219,633
Rondure Overseas Fund $76,337 $52,152

 

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PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

Although individual Board members may not agree with particular policies or votes by the Adviser, the Board has approved delegating proxy voting discretion to the Adviser believing the Adviser should be responsible for voting because it is a matter relating to the investment decision making process.

 

Attached as Appendix B are summaries of the guidelines and procedures that the Adviser uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities, including the procedures that the Adviser uses when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Adviser or any affiliated person of the Funds or the Adviser, on the other. This summary of the guidelines gives a general indication as to how the Adviser will vote proxies relating to portfolio securities on each issue listed. However, the guidelines do not address all potential voting issues or the intricacies that may surround individual proxy votes. For that reason, there may be instances in which votes may vary from the guidelines presented. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser always endeavors to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives. When applicable, information on how a Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent prior 12-month period ended June 30, will be available without charge, (i) upon request, by calling 1-855-775-3337 and (ii) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

Control Persons, Principal Shareholders and Management Ownership

 

To the best knowledge of the Trust, the names and addresses of the record and beneficial holders of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund and the percentage of the outstanding shares held by such holders are set forth below. To the best knowledge of the Trust, entities shown as owning more than 25% of the outstanding Shares of the Fund are not the beneficial owners of such Shares, unless otherwise indicated.

 

A shareholder who owns beneficially 25% or more of the outstanding securities of the Fund is presumed to “control” the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act. Such control may affect the voting rights of other shareholders. The following table provides the name and address of any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of each class of the Fund as of August 1, 2019:

 

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Fund Shareholder Name and Address

Percentage of

Interest

Type of

Ownership

Rondure New World Fund – Institutional Class

Charles Schwab & Co.

San Francisco, CA

20.52% Record
Rondure New World Fund – Institutional Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

21.14% Record
Rondure New World Fund – Institutional Class

TD Ameritrade, Inc.

Omaha, NE

41.49% Record
Rondure New World Fund – Institutional Class

US Bank, N.A.

Milwaukee, WI

9.14% Record
Rondure New World Fund – Investor Class

TD Ameritrade, Inc.

Omaha, NE

23.89% Record
Rondure New World Fund – Investor Class

Charles Schwab & Co.

San Francisco, CA

52.55% Record
Rondure New World Fund – Investor Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

22.53% Record
       
Rondure Overseas Fund – Institutional Class

Charles Schwab & Co.

San Francisco, CA

34.95% Record
Rondure Overseas Fund – Institutional Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

28.62% Record
Rondure Overseas Fund – Institutional Class R. MCPHAIL & L. GERITZJTWROS
Salt Lake City, UT
12.59% Beneficial
Rondure Overseas Fund – Institutional Class Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC
Salt Lake City, UT
6.29% Beneficial
Rondure Overseas Fund – Investor Class

TD Ameritrade, Inc.

Omaha, NE

11.79% Record
Rondure Overseas Fund – Investor Class

Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.

San Francisco, CA

40.48% Record
Rondure Overseas Fund – Investor Class

National Financial Services, LLC

Boston, MA

43.58% Record

 

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EXPENSES

 

The Funds’ expenses include taxes, interest, fees and salaries of the Trust’s Fund Trustees and officers who are not trustees, officers or employees of the Funds’ service contractors, SEC fees, state securities qualification fees, costs of preparing and printing prospectuses for regulatory purposes and for distribution to existing shareholders, advisory and administration fees, charges of the custodian and of the transfer and dividend disbursing agent, certain insurance premiums, outside auditing and legal expenses, costs of shareholder reports and shareholder meetings, other miscellaneous expenses and any extraordinary expenses. The Funds also pays for brokerage fees and commissions (if any) in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGER

 

The following sections set forth certain additional information with respect to the portfolio manager for the Funds. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of April 30, 2019.

 

Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Manager

 

The table below identifies as of April 30, 2019, for the portfolio managers of the Funds, the number of accounts (other than the Funds with respect to which information is provided) for which they have day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts.

 

Portfolio Manager

Registered Investment
Companies

Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles
Other Accounts
Number

Total Assets

(in millions)

Number

Total Assets

(in millions)

Number

Total Assets

(in millions)

Laura Geritz, CFA, MA 0 $0 0 $0 3 $140
Blake Clayton 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0

 

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Portfolio Manager Compensation

 

Compensation

 

The Adviser seeks to maintain a compensation program that promotes long-term total returns for clients and that retains and attracts top industry talent. Portfolio managers may receive a fixed base salary, a discretionary bonus opportunity, a profit sharing opportunity, and a benefits package. Portfolio manager (PM) compensation is reviewed and may be modified each year as appropriate to reflect changes in the market, as well as to adjust the factors used to determine bonuses with an emphasis on good sustained fund performance over the long term. A material portion of the PM compensation package is likely to be paid in shares of the firm’s mutual funds and vest over 5 to 10 year periods. We believe long-term incentives paid in firm strategies with vesting schedules over mid to long-term horizons promotes the long-term interests of clients.

 

Base Salary: The portfolio manager may be paid a fixed base salary. In setting the base salary, the Adviser will consider the portfolio manager’s experience and responsibility.

 

Discretionary bonus: Dependent on the Adviser’s profitability and financial resources, the portfolio manager is eligible to receive a discretionary bonus. That bonus is determined on quantitative and qualitative assessments of the manager’s performance. Where sufficient performance history exists for the manager, a portion of his or her bonus is quantitatively determined, based typically upon an amalgamation of historical rolling averages of the pre-tax performance of all registered investment companies under the manager’s advice and direction. Such performance is typically judged relative to applicable benchmark indices, in absolute (e.g. against the return of short-term treasury bonds), and/or against the performance of a pre-determined peer, regional, country, or industry group. The residual component of the bonus is determined on qualitative grounds, where the Adviser may take into account various subjective (possibly mitigating) factors. Strong qualitative and quantitative performance (against the applicable benchmark, in absolute, and/or against an applicable peer group) could deliver compensation that may be substantial in comparison to the manager’s base salary. Poor qualitative and quantitative performance (against the applicable benchmark, in absolute, and/or against an applicable peer group) could result in no bonus whatsoever. The amount of firm assets under management may have an indirect impact on the potential size of the bonus, particularly as such assets will likely augment the Adviser’s revenues, thus improving its financial resources and its capacity to pay bonuses. However, a significant portion of the PM bonus will typically be paid in shares of the firm’s mutual funds and vest over 5 and 10 year periods. The greater the manager’s responsibility for assets under management (i.e. as a portfolio manager’s responsibility for assets under management increases), the greater that manager’s portion of discretionary bonus will be deferred and paid in shares of the firm’s mutual funds and will vest over 5 to 10 year periods (i.e. as responsibility increases, immediate cash compensation as a % of the discretionary bonus is likely to decrease). A key portfolio manager may expect to earn a discretionary bonus that is as much as a 100% deferred and invested in the firm’s mutual funds. We believe this comprehensive discretionary incentive structure promotes a focus on long-term and absolute returns in the mutual funds and strategies, where clients are invested, aligning long-term interests.

 

Profit sharing: Portfolio managers are likely to have an economic interest in the firm. As such, they will share in the firm’s profit. A substantial portion of profit sharing may be paid in shares of the firm’s mutual funds and vest over 5 to 10 year periods, however the payment method may be reviewed and modified to reflect changes in the market to retain talented, key individuals. The Adviser believes that such incentives are useful in retaining key personnel and aligning managers’ interests with those of clients. They provide proper motivation to balance short-term and long-term management objectives.

 

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Conflicts of Interest with Other Accounts. There may be certain inherent conflicts of interest that arise in connection with a portfolio manager’s management of the respective Fund’s investments and the investments of any other fund or client accounts the Adviser or the respective Fund’s individual team members also manage. Such conflicts include allocation of investment opportunities among the Funds and other accounts managed by the Adviser or the portfolio manager; the aggregation of purchase and sale orders believed to be in the best interest of more than one account managed by the Adviser or the portfolio manager and the allocation of such orders across such accounts; and any soft dollar arrangements that the Adviser may have in place that could benefit a Fund and/or other accounts. Additionally, some funds or accounts managed by a portfolio manager may have different fee structures, including performance fees, which are, or have the potential to be, higher or lower than the fees paid by another fund or account. To minimize the effects of these inherent conflicts of interest, the Adviser has adopted and implemented policies and procedures, including trade aggregation and allocation procedures, that it believes are reasonably designed to mitigate the potential conflicts associated with managing portfolios for multiple clients, including the Funds, and seeks to ensure that no one client is intentionally favored at the expense of another. These policies and procedures are discussed in more detail under the section entitled “Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices” of this SAI.

 

Ownership of Securities

 

The table below identifies ownership of Fund securities by the Portfolio Manager as of April 30, 2019.

 

Portfolio Manager Fund Dollar Range of Ownership
Laura Geritz Rondure New World Fund Over $1,000,000
  Rondure Overseas Fund Over $1,000,000
Blake Clayton Rondure Overseas Fund $10,001 - $50,000

 

NET ASSET VALUE

 

The following is a description of the procedures used by the Funds in valuing their assets. Because of the differences in service and distribution fees and class-specific expenses, the per share net asset value of each class may differ. For the purpose of pricing purchase and redemption orders, the net asset value per share of each class of each Fund is calculated separately and is determined once daily as of the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE (normally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). The Funds’ net asset value is calculated on each day that the NYSE is open for trading, i.e., Monday through Friday, except for New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day, and the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when one of those holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively.

 

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In calculating net asset value, equity securities listed or traded on national securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price or, if there have been no sales on that day, at the mean of the current bid and ask price which represents the current value of the security. Over-the-counter securities are valued at the mean of the current bid and ask price.

 

Portfolio securities listed on the NASDAQ National Market System for which market quotations are available are valued at the official closing price. If there is no official closing price, the securities are valued at the last sale price or, if there have been no sales that day, at the mean of the current bid and ask price which represents the current value of the security.

 

Securities that are primarily traded on foreign exchanges generally are valued at the preceding closing values of such securities on their respective exchanges, except that when an occurrence subsequent to the time a value was so established is likely to have changed such value, then the fair value of those securities will be determined by consideration of other factors by or under the direction of the Fund’s Board or its delegates. In valuing assets, prices denominated in foreign currencies are converted to U.S. dollar equivalents at the current exchange rate. Securities may be valued by independent pricing services which use prices provided by market-makers or estimates of market values obtained from yield data relating to instruments or securities with similar characteristics. In certain circumstances, bid and ask prices may be obtained from (i) a broker/dealer specified and deemed reliable by the Adviser, (ii) pink sheets, yellow sheets or the blue list, or (iii) a pricing agent that obtains quotations from broker/dealers or evaluates the value of the respective bid and ask prices. Short-term debt obligations that will mature in 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, unless it is determined that using this method would not reflect an investment’s fair value. All other securities and other assets of the Fund will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board.

 

FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

 

This section provides additional information concerning U.S. federal income taxes. It is based on the Code, applicable Treasury Regulations, judicial authority, and administrative rulings and practice, all as of the date of this SAI, and all of which are subject to change, including changes with retroactive effect. The following does not address any state, local or foreign or estate or gift tax matters.

 

A shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax consequences from acquiring, holding and disposing of shares in a Fund may vary depending upon his or her particular situation. This discussion only applies to shareholders who are U.S. persons, except where otherwise stated. For purposes of this discussion, U.S. persons are: (i) U.S. citizens or residents, (ii) U.S. corporations, (iii) an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or certain electing trusts that were in existence on August 20, 1996, and were treated as domestic trusts on August 19, 1996. This discussion does not address issues of significance to U.S. persons in special situations such as: (i) certain types of tax-exempt organizations, (ii) shareholders holding shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plan accounts or individual retirement accounts), (iii) shareholders holding investments through foreign institutions (financial and non-financial), (iv) financial institutions, (v) broker-dealers, (vi) entities not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, (vii) shareholders holding shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction, and (viii) shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax.

 

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If a partnership (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships that are considering the purchase of shares should consult their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares.

 

Neither Fund has requested and will not request an advance ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) as to the U.S. federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. In addition, the foregoing discussion only addresses some of the U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting investments in the Fund. Prospective shareholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisers as to the particular U.S. federal tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund, as well as the applicability and effect of any state, local or foreign laws, and the effect of possible changes in applicable tax laws.

 

General Policies

 

In general, it is the Funds’ policy to distribute to its shareholders as “ordinary income dividends” substantially all of its net investment income and short-term capital gains. It is also the Fund’s policy to distribute annually all of its net realized long-term capital gains, if any, after offsetting any capital loss carryovers as “capital gain dividends.”

 

Ordinary income dividends and capital gain dividends are payable in full and fractional shares of the relevant class of a Fund based upon the net asset value determined as of the close of the Exchange on the record date for each dividend or distribution. Shareholders, however, may elect to receive their ordinary income dividends or capital gain dividends, or both, in cash. The election may be made at any time by submitting a written request directly to the relevant Fund. In order for a change to be in effect for any dividend or distribution, it must be received by the Fund on or before the record date for such dividend or distribution.

 

If you elect to receive your dividends in cash and the dividend checks sent to you are returned “undeliverable” to the Fund or remain uncashed for six months, your cash election will automatically be changed and your future dividends will be reinvested. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed dividend or redemption checks.

 

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Detailed U.S. federal tax information will be furnished to each shareholder for each calendar year as required by federal tax law.

 

Taxation of the Funds

 

The Funds intend to elect to be treated and qualify each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. Each Fund also intends to be treated as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes. Thus, the provisions of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies generally will apply separately to each Fund even though it is a series of the Trust. Furthermore, each Fund will separately determine its income, gain, losses and expenses for federal income tax purposes.

 

In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, a Fund must, among other things: (i) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships;” (ii) diversify its holdings so that at the end of each fiscal quarter, (a) at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities limited generally, with respect to any one issuer, to no more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets are invested in (1) the securities (other than those of the U.S. government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, (2) the securities (other than the securities of other regulated investment companies) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or (3) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships; and (iii) distribute with respect to each taxable year an amount equal to or exceeding the sum of (a) 90% of its “investment company taxable income,” as that term is defined in the Code (which generally includes, among other things, dividends, taxable interest, and the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, as reduced by certain deductible expenses) without regard to the deduction for dividends paid, and (b) 90% of its tax-exempt interest income, net of expenses allocable thereto. For purposes of meeting the diversification requirement described in (ii) above, in the case of a Fund’s investment in loan participations, the issuer may be the financial intermediary or the borrower. The requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company may significantly limit the extent to which each Fund may invest in some investments.

 

With respect to (i) above, the IRS may limit qualifying income from foreign currency gains and from certain derivatives to the amount of such income that is directly related to a regulated investment company’s principal business of investing in stock or securities pursuant to regulations that may be promulgated in the future. For purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in (i) above, income derived from a partnership will generally be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized by the regulated investment company. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (defined as a partnership (x) interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in (i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive activity loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. Finally, for purposes of (ii)(a) above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership.

 

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To the extent that it qualifies for treatment as a regulated investment company, a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income distributed to its shareholders in a timely manner in the form of dividends (including capital gain dividends, defined below). In certain situations, the Fund can cure failures to meet the income and diversification tests described above, including, in some cases, by paying a Fund-level tax and, in the case of diversification failures, disposing of certain assets. If the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year – for example, because it was not sufficiently diversified under the applicable Code tests – the Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. To qualify again to be taxed as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment in a subsequent year, the Fund could be required to pay substantial taxes, penalties and interest and make substantial distributions. In addition, if the Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be required to recognize and pay tax on any net built-in gain (the excess of aggregate gain, including items of income, over aggregate loss that would have been realized if the Fund had been liquidated) or, alternatively, to be subject to taxation on such built-in gain recognized for a period of five years, in order to qualify as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year.

 

As a regulated investment company, a Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its net capital gains (that, is any net long-term capital gains in excess of net short-term capital losses) properly reported by the Fund in a written statement to shareholders as capital gain dividends (“capital gain dividends”) and its investment company taxable income if any, that the Fund distributes to shareholders on a timely basis. Each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its investment company taxable income and to distribute all of its net capital gains in a taxable year after offsetting any capital loss carryforwards. If a Fund does retain any investment company taxable income, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. However, the Fund may elect to have certain dividends paid after the close of a tax year treated as having been paid during the tax year for purposes of the regulated investment company distribution requirements and for purposes of determining its taxable income (“spill-over dividends”). Spill-over dividends are taxed to shareholders in the year in which they are received.

 

Under current law, a Fund is permitted to treat on its tax return as dividends paid the portion of redemption proceeds paid to redeeming shareholders that represents the redeeming shareholders’ portion of the Fund’s accumulated earnings and profits. This practice, called tax “equalization,” would reduce the amount of income and/or gains that a Fund is required to distribute as dividends to non-redeeming shareholders. This practice is not available for a Fund that is treated as a “personal holding company” for federal income tax purposes. The total return on a shareholder’s investment would generally not be reduced as a result of a Fund’s use of this practice. If the IRS were to determine that a Fund’s equalization method is improper and that the Fund has under-distributed its income and gain for any taxable year, the Fund may be liable for federal income and/or excise tax.

 

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If a Fund retains any net capital gain, it will also be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and (iii) will be entitled to obtain a refund of the excess, if any, of their allocable share of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount over the shareholder’s tax liability on such amount. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence.

 

Generally, the excess (if any) of a Fund’s net short-term capital loss over the net long-term capital gain for a taxable year will carry over as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the next tax year. In addition, the excess (if any) of a Fund’s net long-term capital loss over the net short-term capital gain for the year will carry over as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the next tax year. Unused capital losses may be carried forward indefinitely until they can be used to offset capital gains. If future capital gains are offset by carried-forward capital losses, such future capital gains are not subject to Fund-level federal income tax, regardless of whether they are distributed to shareholders. However, future capital gains offset by carried-forward capital losses are generally subject to taxation as ordinary dividends to shareholders if distributed. Accordingly, the Fund does not expect to distribute any capital gains offset by carried-forward capital losses. The Fund cannot carry back or carry forward any net operating losses.

 

A regulated investment company may elect to treat any post-October capital loss (defined as the net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss, as applicable, in each case attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31) and late-year ordinary loss (generally, (i) net ordinary losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31, plus (ii) other net ordinary losses attributable to the portion of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.

 

If a Fund fails to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its net capital gain income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year, plus any retained amount for the prior year, the Fund will be subject to a non-deductible excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property that would be properly taken into account after October 31 are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. For purposes of the excise tax, the Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending within the calendar year. A dividend paid to shareholders in January of a year generally is deemed to have been paid on December 31 of the preceding year, if the dividend is declared and payable to the shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year.

 

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The Funds intend to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the excise tax, although there can be no assurance that they will be able to do so. Moreover, each Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant (for example, the amount of excise tax to be paid is deemed de minimis by the Fund).

 

Taxation of Fund Distributions

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment company taxable income are generally taxable as ordinary income to the extent of a Fund’s current or accumulated “earnings and profits.” Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares. Distributions of net capital gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for more than one year and from other long-term capital gains recognized by the Fund and that are properly designated by the Fund as capital gain dividends (i.e., “capital gain dividends”) will be taxable to Fund shareholders as long-term capital gains. Generally, distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income.

 

Each Fund may designate certain dividends as derived from “qualified dividend income,” which, when received by an individual or other non-corporate shareholder, will be taxed at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain, which (for this purpose) are taxed at a maximum federal income tax rate of 20% (in addition to the 3.8% tax described in “Surtax on Net Investment Income,” below. Dividend income distributed to individual or other non-corporate shareholders will qualify as “qualified dividend income” as that term is defined in section 1(h)(11)(B) of the Code to the extent such distributions are attributable to income from the Fund’s investments in common and preferred stock of U.S. companies and stock of certain qualified foreign corporations provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met by both the Fund and the shareholders. Neither Fund expects a significant portion of distributions to be derived from qualified dividend income.

 

Distributions of earnings and gains are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund before a shareholder invested in the Fund (and thus were included in the price the shareholder paid), and are taxable whether shareholders receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares (other than distributions, if any, designated by the Fund as “exempt-interest dividends,” a designation which the Fund generally does not expect to make). Any gain resulting from the sale or exchange of Fund shares generally will be taxable as capital gains. Distributions declared and payable by a Fund during October, November or December to shareholders of record on a date in any such month and paid by the Fund during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as paid by the Fund and received by shareholders on December 31st of the year in which declared rather than the calendar year in which they were received.

 

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The maximum long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals is generally 20%. Capital gains are also subject to the 3.8% surtax on net investment income. See “Surtax on Net Investment Income,” below.

 

Dividends received by corporate shareholders that are reported by a Fund in a written statement furnished to shareholders may qualify for the 50% dividends received deduction to the extent of the amount of qualifying dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations and to the extent a portion of interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund are treated as dividends subject (in either case) to certain holding period requirements and debt-financing limitations.

 

If a Fund makes a distribution in excess of its current and accumulated “earnings and profits” in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder’s basis in his or her shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of such shares.

 

Sale or Redemption of Shares

 

The sale or redemption of Fund shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to the shares. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitation.

 

All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed if other substantially identical shares of a Fund are purchased within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

 

Special Tax Considerations

 

The following discussion relates to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of the investment policies of the Fund.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Companies

 

The Funds do not expect to have significant investments in foreign investment entities referred to as “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”). In order to avoid U.S. federal income tax and an additional interest charge on any “excess distribution” from PFICs or gain from the disposition of PFIC shares, a Fund may elect to “mark-to-market” annually its investments in such entities, which would result in the Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased all the PFIC stock at the end of each year. As a result of the mark-to-market election, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. By making the mark-to-market election, a Fund could potentially mitigate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. A Fund may have to distribute this “phantom” income and gain to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the excise tax described above.

 

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Alternatively, a Fund may elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (a “QEF election”), in which case the Fund would be required to include its share of the company’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives distributions from the PFIC. As with the mark-to-market election, these amounts would be taken into account by the Fund for purposes of satisfying the distribution requirement and the excise tax distribution requirement. Under Treasury Regulations finalized in 2019, earnings included in income under a QEF election would be qualifying dividend income for a RIC if such earnings are distributed in the taxable year in which they are earned. The Treasury Regulations also provide that if an amount is included in gross income of a regulated investment company pursuant to a QEF election and is derived with respect to the regulated investment company’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, then such amount will be qualifying income for the regulated investment company, whether or not currently distributed. In order to make a QEF election, a Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain. Dividends paid by PFICs or foreign corporations that were PFICs in the year preceding the payment of the dividend will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.

 

Non-U.S. Taxes

 

A Fund that invests in non-U.S. securities may be liable to non-U.S. governments for taxes relating primarily to investment income or capital gains on non-U.S. securities in the Fund’s portfolio. If at the close of its taxable year more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s total assets consist of stock or securities of foreign corporations (including foreign governments), the Fund may make an election under the Code that would allow Fund shareholders who are U.S. persons or U.S. corporations to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their U.S. income tax return for their pro rata portion of qualified taxes paid by that Fund to non-U.S. countries in respect of non-U.S. securities held at least a minimum period as specified in the Code. If a Fund were eligible for and were to make the election, the amount of each shareholder’s taxable income reported on the information returns filed by such Fund with the IRS must be increased by the amount of the shareholder’s portion of the Fund’s foreign tax paid. A shareholder’s ability to claim all or a part of a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by the Fund would also be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code.

 

If a Fund were to qualify as a “qualified fund of funds,” the Fund could be entitled to elect to pass-through its foreign tax credits without regard to the above-described 50% requirement. For this purpose, the term “qualified funds of funds” means a regulated investment company if (at the close of each quarter of the taxable year) at least 50% of the value of its total assets is represented by interests in other regulated investment companies. The Funds make no assurance as to either the availability of any election discussed in this section or their willingness to make any such election.

 

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Non-U.S. Currency Transactions

 

Transactions in non-U.S. currencies, non-U.S. currency denominated debt obligations and certain non-U.S. currency options, future contracts, and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the non-U.S. currency concerned and may increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxes payable by shareholders of a Fund. Certain of such Fund’s transactions, if any, in foreign currencies and foreign currency denominated instruments are likely to result in a difference between the Fund’s book income and taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of such Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital or capital gain for tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to avoid excise tax liability and to qualify as a regulated investment company, which may have the effect of accelerating taxable distributions to shareholders of the Fund.

 

Financial Products

 

Each Fund’s investments in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts, stripped securities, swaps and certain other transactions may be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale, short sale and other rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income recognized by the Fund, defer Fund losses, cause adjustments in the holding periods of Fund securities, convert capital gain into ordinary income and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character distributions to Fund shareholders.

 

Some of the Funds’ investments, such as certain option transactions and futures transactions in foreign currency contracts that are traded in the interbank market, may be “section 1256 contracts.” Gains and losses on section 1256 contracts are generally treated as 60% long-term capital and 40% short-term capital, although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as entirely ordinary in character. Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of a taxable year are “marked to market” for income tax purposes, meaning that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized (and treated on the 60/40 basis described above).

 

Certain positions undertaken by the Funds may constitute “straddles” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character of gains or losses realized by a Fund. Losses realized by a Fund that are part of a straddle may be deferred beyond the point in time that they are realized. The straddle rules, if applicable, could increase the amount of short-term capital gain realized by the Fund which is taxed as ordinary income when distributed to shareholders. Certain income tax elections that the Fund may make with respect to straddles could affect the character and timing of recognition of gains and losses.

 

Rules governing the tax aspects of notional principal contracts in which the Funds may invest are not clear in various respects. As a result, the IRS could challenge the Funds’ methods of accounting for such contracts for tax purposes, and such a challenge could affect the status of a Fund as a regulated investment company.

 

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The Funds may make short sales of securities. Short sales may increase the amount of short-term capital gains realized by a Fund, which is taxed as ordinary income to the shareholders when distributed. Short sales may also constitute “constructive sales,” in certain circumstances, which would result in taxable income before the short-sale positions are terminated.

 

Certain of the Funds’ hedging activities, including transactions in options, futures contracts and foreign currencies, are likely to result in a difference between a Fund’s book income and taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of such Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital or capital gain for U.S. Federal income tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to avoid excise tax liability and to qualify as a regulated investment company, which may have the effect of accelerating taxable distributions to shareholders.

 

Securities Issued or Purchased at a Discount

 

A Fund’s investment in securities issued at a discount and certain other obligations will (and investments in securities purchased at a discount may) require that Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. In addition, payment-in-kind securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed even though such Fund does not receive an interest payment in cash on the security during the year. In order to generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, an effected Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise would have continued to hold. An affected Fund may realize gains or losses from such sales. In the event such Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they would in the absence of such transactions.

 

Some debt obligations that are acquired by a Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. “Market discount” is generally the excess of the stated redemption price of the bond at maturity over the basis of the bond immediately after its acquisition by the taxpayer. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain is attributable to the “accrued market discount” on such debt security. A Fund may make certain elections applicable to debt obligations having market discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income. When recognized, market discount is taxable as ordinary income even if interest on the debt obligation in question is tax exempt.

 

The Fund may acquire debt obligations that have original issue discount. “Original issue discount” is the excess of a debt obligation’s stated redemption price at maturity over the obligation’s issue price. Under the tax law in effect prior to tax legislation enacted in 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”), a taxpayer that acquires an obligation with original issue discount generally is required to include the original issue discount in income on a constant yield-to-maturity basis without regard to when, or whether, payments are made on the obligation.

 

For financial accounting purposes, depending upon the type of instrument involved and its credit quality, both original issue discount and market discount may be recognized over the expected or contractual life of the instrument. The 2017 Tax Act requires accrual-method taxpayers to recognize items of gross income for tax purposes no later than the year in which the taxpayer recognizes the income for financial accounting purposes.

 

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The IRS has said that it will not apply this provision to require the recognition of accrued market discount. However, it is possible that regulations issued under the 2017 Tax Act will require the acceleration of recognition of original issue discount by a Fund for federal income tax purposes for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018.

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts

 

If a Fund invests in a REIT, its REIT equity securities, if any, may result in such Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings. If a Fund receives such distributions, all or a portion of these distributions will constitute a return of capital to such Fund. Receiving a return of capital distribution from a REIT will reduce the amount of income available to be distributed to Fund shareholders. Income from REIT securities generally will not be eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income.

 

Under Code Section 199A, introduced by the 2017 Tax Act, a deduction of up to 20% is available for taxpayers other than corporations for qualified business income from certain pass-through businesses, including “qualified REIT dividends” from REITs (i.e., ordinary REIT dividends other than capital gains dividends and REIT dividends designated as qualified dividend income). Under proposed regulations—on which taxpayers may rely pending the issuance of final regulations—a regulated investment company may pay and report “section 199A dividends” to its shareholders with respect its qualified REIT dividends. Under these proposed regulations, the amount of section 199A dividends that the Fund may pay and report to its shareholders is limited to the excess of the “qualified REIT dividends” that the Fund receives from REITs for a taxable year over the Fund’s expenses allocable to such dividends. A shareholder may treat section 199A dividends received on a share of the Fund as “qualified REIT dividends” if the shareholder has held the share for more than 45 days during the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the date on which the share becomes ex-dividend, but only to the extent that the shareholder is not under an obligation (under a short-sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. A shareholder may include 20% of the shareholder’s “qualified REIT dividends” in the computation of the shareholder’s “combined qualified business income amount” under Code Section 199A. Code Section 199A allows a taxpayer (other than a corporation) a deduction for a taxable year equal to the lesser of (A) the taxpayer’s “combined qualified business income amount” or (B) 20% of the excess of the taxpayer’s taxable income over the taxpayer’s net capital gain for the year.

 

Backup Withholding

 

Each Fund generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any non-corporate shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number (“TIN”), who has under-reported dividend or interest income, and to any shareholder that fails to certify to the Fund that it is not subject to such withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is currently 24% for tax years beginning before January 1, 2026.

 

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Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a shareholder generally may be refunded or credited against the shareholder’s federal income tax liability, if any, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS. If a shareholder fails to furnish a valid TIN upon request, the shareholder can be subject to IRS penalties.

 

Cost Basis Reporting

 

A Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to fund shareholders the cost basis information for fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012 (“covered shares”), and redeemed, exchanged or otherwise sold on or after that date. In addition, a Fund is required to indicate whether these shares had a short-term or long-term holding period. In the absence of an election by a shareholder to elect from certain cost basis methods which have been accepted by the IRS, the Fund will use its default cost basis method. The cost basis method elected or applied may not be changed after the settlement date of a sale of Fund shares. Once a Fund shareholder has elected a cost basis reporting method, the election will apply to all future transactions in covered shares unless the shareholder revokes or changes the standing election. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers concerning the most desirable IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the new cost basis reporting law applies to them. Each Fund is required to report the gross proceeds from the sale of all Fund shares (whether or not they are “covered shares”).

 

You should consult with your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Funds.

 

Surtax on Net Investment Income

 

A surtax of 3.8% applies to net investment income of an individual taxpayer and on the undistributed net investment income of certain estates and trusts, to the extent that such taxpayer’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a certain amount. Net investment income includes interest, dividends, royalties, rents, gross income from a trade or business involving passive activities, and net gain from disposition of property (other than certain property held in a non-passive trade or business). Ordinary income and capital gain distributions received by a Fund shareholder from a Fund, as well as the shareholder’s net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares, will be included in the shareholder’s net investment income. Net investment income is reduced by deductions properly allocable to such income.

 

Foreign Accounts

 

Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (or “FATCA”), foreign financial institutions as defined by FATCA (“FFIs”) or non-financial foreign entities as defined by FATCA (“NFFEs”) that are shareholders of a Fund may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on: (1) income dividends paid by the Fund, and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of a sale of Fund shares. The FATCA withholding tax generally may be avoided: (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by U.S. persons with the FFI, and (b) by an NFFE, if it: (i) certifies that is has no substantial U.S. persons as owners or (ii) if it does have such owners, reporting information relating to them to the withholding agent (which may be the Fund). The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements (each, an “IGA”) with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with other foreign countries with respect to one or more alternative approaches to implement FATCA. An entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of an IGA and applicable local law instead of U.S. Treasury regulations.

 

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An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding by becoming a “participating FFI,” which requires the FFI to enter into a tax compliance agreement with the IRS under section 1471(b) of the Code under which it agrees to verify, report and disclose certain of its U.S. accountholders and provided that such entity meets certain other specified requirements. The FFI will report to the IRS, or, depending on the FFI’s country of residence, to the government of that country (pursuant to the terms and conditions of an applicable IGA and applicable law), which will, in turn, report to the IRS. An FFI that is resident in a country that has entered into an IGA with the U.S. to implement FATCA will be exempt from FATCA withholding provided that the FFI shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

 

An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from a Fund can avoid FATCA withholding generally by certifying that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or by providing the name, address and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner. The NFFE will report to the Fund or other applicable withholding agent, which will, in turn, report information to the IRS.

 

Such foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted or deemed compliant categories as established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in a Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA in order to avoid FATCA withholding. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the U.S. certification rules to avoid backup withholding described above.

 

2017 Tax Act

 

The 2017 Tax Act substantially altered the U.S. federal income tax rules for the taxation of individuals and corporations. Several provisions of the 2017 Tax Act are described in the relevant portions of this SAI. The 2017 Tax Act also makes numerous changes to the tax rules that do not affect regulated investment companies directly but may affect shareholders and may indirectly affect the Funds. Among many tax changes, the Act changes marginal income tax rates applicable to individuals and other taxpayers. Most of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and will apply only to taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026. The 2017 Tax Act does not change the maximum federal income tax rates that apply to long-term capital gains recognized by noncorporate taxpayers, but it does alter the income thresholds at which such tax rates become applicable.

 

The 2017 Tax Act also establishes a deduction of up to 20% for qualified business income received by noncorporate taxpayers from certain pass-through businesses, including publicly traded partnerships and REITS, but generally excluding regulated investment companies. Under proposed regulations, this deduction may be available for shareholders of regulated investment companies (including the Funds) for certain qualified dividends that regulated investment companies derive from REITs as discussed above under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Special Tax Considerations – Real Estate Investment Trusts.” The IRS is still considering whether the deduction should be available for shareholders of regulated investment companies with regard to income derived from publicly traded partnerships.

 

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Other Tax Matters

 

Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax adviser to determine the suitability of shares of a Fund as an investment through such plans and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situation.

 

The foregoing discussion relates solely to U.S. federal income tax law. Dividends and distributions also may be subject to state and local taxes. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding specific questions as to U.S. federal, state, local and, where applicable, foreign taxes. Foreign investors should consult their tax advisers concerning the U.S. federal tax consequences of ownership of shares of a Fund, including the certification and filing requirements imposed on foreign investors in order to qualify for exemption from the backup withholding tax (or to qualify for a reduced rate of withholding provided by a treaty).

 

The foregoing is a general and abbreviated summary of the applicable provisions of the Code and related regulations currently in effect. For the complete provisions, reference should be made to the pertinent Code sections and regulations. The Code and regulations are subject to change by legislative or administrative actions.

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST

 

The Trust was organized as a Delaware business trust on November 30, 1993 and consists of multiple separate portfolios or series. The Board may establish additional series in the future. The capitalization of the Trust consists solely of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest with no par value.

 

The Trust consists of multiple separate portfolios or funds. When certain matters affect one fund but not another, the shareholders would vote as a fund regarding such matters. Subject to the foregoing, on any matter submitted to a vote of shareholders, all shares then entitled to vote will be voted separately by the fund unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act, in which case all shares will be voted in the aggregate. For example, a change in a fund’s fundamental investment policies would be voted upon only by shareholders of the fund. Additionally, approval of the Investment Advisory Contract and Management Contracts are matters to be determined separately by the fund.

 

Approval by the shareholders of one fund is effective as to that fund whether or not sufficient votes are received from the shareholders of the other fund to approve the proposal as to that fund. The term “majority,” when referring to approvals to be obtained from shareholders of a fund means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the fund or class represented at a meeting if the holder of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the fund or class are present in person or by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the fund. The term “majority,” when referring to the approvals to be obtained from shareholders of the Trust as a whole means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the Trust’s shares represented at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding shares are present in person or proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding shares. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held and fractional votes for fractional shares held.

 

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The Trust is not required to hold regular annual meetings of a fund’s shareholders and does not intend to do so. However, the Trust undertakes to hold a special meeting of its shareholders if the purpose of voting on the question of removal of a director or trustees is requested in writing by the holders of at least 10% of the Trust’s outstanding voting securities, and to assist in communicating with other shareholders as required by Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act. The Trust Instrument provides that the holders of not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust may remove a person serving as Trustee either by declaration in writing or at a meeting called for such purpose.

 

Each share of a Fund represents an equal proportional interest in the Fund with each other share and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income earned on the assets belonging to the Fund as are declared in the discretion of the Trustees. In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of the Trust, shareholders of the Fund are entitled to receive the assets attributable to the Fund that are available for distribution, and a distribution of any general assets of the Trust not attributable to the Fund that are available for distribution in such manner and on such basis as the Trustees in their sole discretion may determine.

 

Shareholders are not entitled to any preemptive rights. All shares, when issued, will be fully paid and non-assessable by the Trust.

 

Under Delaware law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of a series of the Trust but only to the extent of the shareholder’s investment in such series. However, the Trust Instrument disclaims liability of the shareholders, Trustees or Officers of the Trust for acts or obligations of the Trust, which are binding only on the assets and property of each series of the Trust and requires that notice of the disclaimer be given in each contract or obligations entered into or executed by the Trust or the Trustees. The risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Trust itself would be unable to meet its obligations and should be considered remote and is limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment in the Fund.

 

OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS

 

Custodian. Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., (the “Custodian”), located at 40 Water Street, Boston, MA 02109, serves as the custodian for the Funds. As such, the Custodian holds in safekeeping certificated securities and cash belonging to each Fund and, in such capacity, is the registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to a Fund. Upon instruction, the Custodian receives and delivers cash and securities of a Fund in connection with Fund transactions and collects all dividends and other distributions made with respect to Fund portfolio securities. The Custodian also maintains certain accounts and records of the Funds.

 

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Transfer Agent. ALPS, pursuant to a Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, serves as transfer agent for the Funds. As Transfer Agent, ALPS has, among other things, agreed to (i) issue and redeem shares of each Fund; (ii) make dividend and other distributions to shareholders of the Funds; (iii) effect transfers of shares; (iv) mail communications to shareholders of the Funds, including account statements, confirmations, and dividend and distribution notices; (v) facilitate the electronic delivery of shareholder statements and reports and (vi) maintain shareholder accounts. Under the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, ALPS receives from the Trust an annual minimum fee and a fee based upon the number of shareholder accounts and is also reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses. As described above, ALPS is an affiliate of ADI.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Deloitte & Touche LLP (“Deloitte”) serves as the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm. Deloitte is located at 1601 Wewatta Street, Suite 400, Denver, Colorado 80202.

 

Counsel. Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP serves as counsel to the Funds and is located at 1550 17th Street, Suite 500, Denver, Colorado 80202.

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

 

Yield and Total Return. The Funds may from time to time include the yield and/or total return of its shares in advertisements or information in advertisements or information furnished to present or prospective shareholders.

 

Each Fund’s yield will vary from time to time depending upon market conditions, the composition of its portfolios and operating expenses of the Trust allocated to each Fund. These factors, possible differences in the methods used in calculating yield, and the tax exempt status of distributions, should be considered when comparing each Fund’s yield to yields published for other investment companies and other investment vehicles. Yield should also be considered relative to changes in the value of each Fund’s shares and to the relative risks associated with the investment objectives and policies of the Fund.

 

At any time in the future, yields and total return may be higher or lower than past yields and there can be no assurance that any historical results will continue.

 

Investors in each Fund are specifically advised that share prices, expressed as the net asset value per share, will vary just as yield will vary. An investor’s focus on the yield of a Fund to the exclusion of the consideration of the share price of that Fund may result in the investor’s misunderstanding the total return he or she may derive from the Fund.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The financial statements and financial highlights in the April 30, 2019 Annual Report (the “Annual Report”) of each Fund are incorporated in this SAI by reference. The financial statements and financial highlights in the Annual Report have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, whose report thereon appears in the Annual Report. You can obtain additional copies of such Annual Report at no charge by writing or telephoning the Fund at the address or number on the front page of this SAI.

 

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APPENDIX A

 

 

Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group—A brief description of the applicable Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) rating symbols and their meanings (as published by S&P) follows:

 

Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings

 

AAA An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

AA An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

 

A An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

 

BBB An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’ and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

 

BB An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

CCC An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

CC An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

 

C A ‘C’ rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the ‘C’ rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument’s terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.

 

A -1 

 

D An obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation, including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.

 

Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

 

NR This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

 

Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings

 

A-1 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

 

A-2 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

 

A-3 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Ratings of ‘B-1’, ‘B-2’, and ‘B-3’ may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the ‘B’ category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B-1 A short-term obligation rated ‘B-1’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

 

B-2 A short-term obligation rated ‘B-2’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

 

A -2 

 

B-3 A short-term obligation rated ‘B-3’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

 

C A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

D A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

 

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.—A brief description of the applicable Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) rating symbols and their meanings (as published by Moody’s) follows:

 

Long-Term Obligation Ratings

 

Aaa Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.

 

Aa Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

 

A Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

 

Baa Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

 

Ba Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.

 

B Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

 

Caa Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

 

Ca Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

 

C Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

 

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

 

A -3 

 

Short-Term Obligation Ratings

 

P-1 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

P-2 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

P-3 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

 

NP Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

 

Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.

 

A -4 

 

APPENDIX B

 

Rondure Global Advisors, llc

 

PROXY VOTING POLICY

 

 

Regulatory Background - Proxy Voting Provisions of the Investment Advisers Act

 

Rule 206(4)-6 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 requires that, for an investment adviser to exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, the adviser must:

Adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that the adviser votes client securities in the best interest of clients, which procedures must include how the adviser addresses material conflicts that may arise between the adviser’s interests and those of the adviser’s clients;

Disclose to clients how they may obtain information from the adviser about how the adviser voted with respect to their securities; and

Describe to clients the adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures and, upon request, furnish a copy of the policies and procedures to the requesting client.

 

In accordance with our obligations under the Rule, the Firm has adopted and implemented the following Proxy Voting Policy to ensure that client proxies are voted in the best interest of clients at all times.

 

I.POLICY OVERVIEW

 

A means by which the Firm fulfills its fiduciary responsibility is by exercising proxy voting rights. Corporate governance, including but not limited to, compensation plans, corporate actions and the composition of a board of directors, can have a significant influence upon the behavior of a management team and the value of a corporation. The proxy voting process is the primary means by which investors are able to influence such activities. As such, the Firm considers how we vote proxies to be a meaningful activity.

 

One fundamental tenet of the Firm’s investment philosophy is to invest in companies with high quality management teams. We spend a significant amount of time evaluating the performance, behavior, and actions of company executives in order to gain an understanding of how they think about protecting and increasing shareholder value. As a result of being invested with high quality management teams, the Firm generally supports the recommendations of the boards of directors when voting proxies. However, we ultimately vote for or against recommendations based on the fundamental premise that at all times we are attempting to maximize the value of our investments for the benefit of our clients, with a bias towards long-term value over short-term value.

 

The Firm has developed the following general proxy voting guidelines to assist us in making decisions about how to vote proposals concerning certain issues., These guidelines are not exhaustive, as the variety of issues on which shareholders may be asked to vote is unlimited. The disclosure of these guidelines is intended to provide clients with a better understanding of how the Firm attempts to maximize shareholder value via the proxy voting process.

 

B-1

 

II.GENERAL GUIDELINES

 

Board of Directors

The Firm considers the board of directors to be an important component of strong corporate governance. The board is responsible for overseeing the management team of a company and helping to ensure that it acts in the best interest of shareholders. The primary means by which the Firm can influence the board of directors is to vote for the election of directors who have relevant and valuable experience that will enhance the management of the company. Further, the Firm prefers that a board of directors have a majority of independent directors because we believe that a board with such a composition is generally a strong advocate for shareholders.

 

However, while we endorse proposals that support the creation of boards with a majority of independent directors, as well as proposals which call for the audit, compensation and nominating committees to be comprised solely of independent directors, the failure of the company to nominate only independent directors, or to have only independent directors serve on key committees, may not cause us to vote against the election of a director who lacks independence. The Firm appreciates the importance of these standards but we do not believe it is always in the best interest of shareholders to blindly vote against all directors who may not be considered independent. For example, a large shareholder who serves as a director is not considered independent but may be a very important advocate for investors since his interests are closely aligned with those of shareholders.

 

Executive Compensation

The Firm supports compensation plans which are designed to align the interests of management and shareholders as well as relate executive compensation to the performance of the company. To evaluate compensation plans, we may use quantitative criteria that measure the total cost to shareholders if a plan is passed.

 

Capital Structure

The Firm may be asked to vote on proposals pertaining to changes in the capital structure of a company. Such proposals include, but are not limited to, common stock authorizations, capital issuance requests, share repurchase programs, stock splits, and debt restructurings. We will vote for board-recommended capital structure changes so long as the proposals are well aligned with shareholder interests.

 

Mergers, Acquisitions and Other Transactions

Companies may undertake a variety of strategic transactions aimed at enhancing shareholder value including mergers, acquisitions, recapitalizations, spin-offs, asset sales, and liquidations. In evaluating proposed transactions, we will consider the benefits and costs to shareholders over both the short and long term. Specific items we will consider include the financial impact of the transaction on future operating results, the increase or decrease in shareholder value, and any changes in corporate governance and their impact on shareholder rights. When shareholders are asked to vote on mergers, acquisitions and other similar proposals, they are considered to be material to the company and could require the analysis of a wide variety of factors in order to determine if the transaction is in the best interest of shareholders. As a result, the Firm will review and vote each proposal on a case-by-case basis.

 

B-2

 

Anti-Takeover Provisions

In an attempt to prevent a company from being acquired without the approval of the board of directors, shareholders may be asked to vote on a variety of proposals such as shareholder rights plans (commonly referred to as “poison pills”), supermajority voting, blank check preferred stock, fair price provisions, and the creation of a separate class of stock with disparate voting rights. The Firm recognizes that such proposals may enhance shareholder value in certain situations. However, the Firm will review proposals pertaining to anti-takeover provisions on a case-by-case basis and vote against such proposals merely intended to entrench management and prevent the company from being acquired at a fair price.

 

Auditors

An audit of a company’s financial statements is an important part of the investment process, for while an audit cannot fully protect investors against fraud, it does verify that the financial statements accurately represent the position and performance of the company. The Firm generally votes for proposals to ratify auditors unless the auditors do not appear to be independent. Auditor independence may be compromised if the auditor has a financial interest and/or association with the company or receives substantial compensation for non-audit related services. The Firm also generally votes for proposals to authorize the board of directors to determine the remuneration of the auditors unless there is evidence of excessive compensation relative to the size and nature of the company.

 

Social and Environmental Issues

While the Firm believes corporations have an obligation to be responsible corporate members of society, we will not typically support proposals concerning social, political or environmental issues if we believe the proposals are economically disadvantageous to shareholders.

 

III.EXCLUSIONS AND EXCEPTIONS

 

The Firm has developed the general guidelines to assist us in making decisions about how to vote proposals concerning anticipatable issues. However, we recognize that the general guidelines are not exhaustive and cannot anticipate all of the potential issues, or the facts and circumstances surrounding a particular vote. Although we have general guidelines, the Firm may supplement or deviate from these guidelines in the situations outlined below. .

 

Case-by-case Issues

Several of the issues mentioned above in the general guidelines recognize that the proper vote to maximize shareholder value will be dependent upon the facts in the actual situation. These facts cannot be anticipated and will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis with the aim of maximizing shareholder value. In addition, any issues that are not addressed by the foregoing guidelines will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.

 

B-3

 

Exceptions

From time to time the Firm will review an issue that is addressed by the foregoing guidelines and determine that in the specific case it is appropriate to vote against the recommendation provided in the guidelines with the aim of maximizing shareholder value. At these times it is permissible for the Firm to vote against the general guidelines, but it is required that the rationale behind the deviation from the guidelines is sufficiently documented.

 

Foreign Issuers

With respect to some non-U.S. issuers, the exercise of voting rights can cause an account to incur a cost or cause the underlying shares to be blocked from trading. Although we recognize the importance of the right to vote, the Firm believes that clients may be better served by avoiding unnecessary costs and preserving the right to trade shares promptly should conditions warrant. Accordingly, there may be times when no vote is cast because the Firm’s analysis of a particular proxy leads us to believe that the cost of voting the proxy exceeds the expected benefit to clients.

 

Conflicts of Interest

The Firm will at all times make its best effort to vote proxies in the best interest of clients and avoid material conflicts of interest. A material conflict of interest refers to a situation in which the Firm or affiliated persons of the Firm have a financial interest in a matter presented by a proxy which could potentially compromise the Firm’s independence of judgment and action with respect to the voting of the proxy. We will attempt to identify any material conflicts that may exist by, among other things, reviewing the identity of each issuer soliciting proxy votes to determine if the issuer or an affiliate of the issuer (i) is a client of the Firm, (ii) has a relationship with the Firm, (iii) there is a reasonable expectation that the issuer or an affiliate would become a client of the Firm or develop a material relationship with the Firm, or (iv) the Firm holds a significant amount1 of the issuer’s shares outstanding. In addition, any employee with knowledge of a personal conflict of interest (e.g., a familial relationship with company management) relating to an issuer soliciting proxy votes must disclose that conflict to the Proxy Manager and Compliance and remove himself or herself from the proxy voting process for that issuer. Any questions regarding whether a particular issue may present a material conflict of interest with respect to the Firm’s voting of client proxies should be directed to Compliance.

 

In the event that the Firm has a material conflict of interest in any proposal that is the subject of a proxy to be voted for a client account, the Firm will not vote on that proposal. Proposals on the same proxy ballot for which the Firm does not have a material conflict of interest will be voted in accordance with the Firm’s Proxy Voting Policy.

 

 

 

1The Firm’s relative level of ownership of certain issuer’s soliciting proxy votes, as a percent of the company’s shares outstanding, may give the appearance of control. The Firm’s clients hold the issuer's stock solely for investment purposes, with no intent to control the business or affairs of the issuer.  In such instances, the Firm may elect not to vote.

 

B-4

 

IV.PROCEDURES

 

Proxy Manager’s Role

The Firm has hired ISS to serve as its Proxy Manager, to assist in coordinating and voting securities. The Proxy Manager keeps track of upcoming shareholder meetings and vote deadline information, generates vote recommendations, coordinates with custodian banks to ensure votes are executed, maintains voting records, and serves as a general resource for proxy matters.

 

Operations Team’s Role

The Proxy Committee has designated a person within Operations to be responsible for ensuring votes are cast, coordinate with the Research Team and Proxy Manager, and monitor the Firm’s proxy voting procedures.

 

Additionally, the designated person within Operations will document any instances where the proxy vote is against management’s recommendation or not voted.

 

Research Team’s Role

The members of the Firm’s Research team are responsible for reviewing the proxies of the companies they follow, together with other relevant information, and providing Operations with vote recommendations and rationale in conformance with this Policy.

 

Proxy Committee

The Firm has established a Proxy Committee to oversee the implementation and monitoring of this Policy. No less than annually, the Proxy Committee shall:

 

Review a sample of the record of voting delegation, including ERISA accounts, maintained by the Proxy Manager to determine if the Firm is exercising its authority to vote proxies on portfolio securities held in the selected accounts;

Request and review voting data to determine if accurate and timely communication of proxy votes is reasonably accomplished during the period reviewed;

Meet with the Proxy Manager to review the voting of proxies, communication of proxy votes, and the general functioning of this policy; and

Review any of the Proxy Manager’s changes to business practices and/or policies and procedures to confirm there are no conflicts of interest.

Share proxy votes with the mutual fund Board of Trustees for their review and process oversight.

 

V.RECORDKEEPING, TRAINING, AND MAINTENANCE

 

Recordkeeping

Under rule 204-2, the Firm must retain the following:

a)proxy voting policies;

b)proxy statements received regarding client securities;

c)records of votes they cast on behalf of clients;

d)any documents prepared by the Firm that were material to making a decision how to vote, or that memorialized the basis for the decision – this will generally be the proxy policy and documentation regarding any votes cast contrary to the policy;

e)Record of the voting resolution of any conflict of interest;

 

B-5

 

f)Records of any client requests for information on how a client’s proxies were voted and records of the Firm’s responses to client requests;

g)All written reports arising from annual reviews of the policy.

 

The Firm may also use the Securities and Exchange Commission’s EDGAR database for the items referred to in item c above. Records shall be maintained by the Firm for a period of not less than five years from the end of the the Firm’s fiscal year during which the last entry was made on the record.

 

Training

At least annually, appropriate personnel will be trained regarding the Proxy Voting Policy. Such training program may review applicable laws, regulations, procedures and recent trends in proxy voting and their relation to the Firm’s business.

 

Annual Certification

Each employee involved in the proxy voting process is required to certify annually that he/she has read, understands and has complied with, to the best of his/her knowledge, the Firm’s Proxy Voting Policy.

 

ERISA

The Firm acknowledges our responsibility to vote proxies for ERISA clients in a manner that ensures the exclusive benefit for the underlying participants and beneficiaries. The Firm casts such proxy votes for the sole purpose of extending benefits to participants and beneficiaries while using the care, skill and diligence that a prudent person acting in a like capacity and familiar with such matters would use under the circumstances then prevailing.

 

Undue Influence

Any attempts by any of the Firm’s personnel to influence the voting of client proxies in a manner that is inconsistent with the Firm’s Policy should be reported to the CCO. If the CCO is the person attempting to influence the voting, the report should be made to the Firm’s CEO.

 

VI.DISCLOSURE TO CLIENTS

 

Interested Clients are encouraged to request information on how the Firm has voted their proxies. In order to request this information, clients should contact their Client Relations representative. The proxy voting record of the Firm’s mutual funds is available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

As of July 1, 2017

 

B-6 

 

 

PART C.  OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 28. Exhibits

 

(a)

 

(1)Trust Instrument of Registrant.(1)

 

(2)Revised Trust Instrument of Registrant.(1)

 

(3)Amendment to Trust Instrument of Registrant dated August 7, 2009.(8)

 

(b)

 

(1)By-Laws of Registrant.(1)

 

(2)Revised By-Laws of Registrant.(1)

 

(3)Amendment to By-Laws of Registrant dated April 25, 2008.(5)

 

(c)Provisions of instruments defining rights of security holders are contained in Articles 2 and 7 of the Declaration of Trust (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(1) of this filing).

 

(d)

 

(1)Investment Advisory and Management Agreement dated June 29, 2018 between Registrant and ALPS Advisors, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund.(66)

 

(2)Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement dated June 29, 2018 among Registrant, ALPS Advisors, Inc. and Red Rocks Capital LLC with respect to the ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund.(66)

 

(3)Investment Advisory Agreement dated August 3, 2018 between Registrant and ALPS Advisors, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/WMC Value Intersection Fund).(66)

 

(4)Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement dated August 3, 2018 among Registrant, ALPS Advisors, Inc. and Wellington Management Company, LLP with respect to the ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/WMC Value Intersection Fund).(66)

 

(5)Investment Advisory Agreement dated August 3, 2018 between Registrant and ALPS Advisors, Inc. with respect to the Clough China Fund.(66)

 

(6)Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement dated August 3, 2018 among Registrant, ALPS Advisors, Inc. and Clough Capital Partners, LP with respect to the Clough China Fund.(66)

 

(7)Investment Advisory Agreement dated December 30, 2009 between Registrant and Vulcan Value Partners, LLC with respect to the Vulcan Value Partners and the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Funds.(16)

 

 

(8)Amendment dated January 1, 2013 to Investment Advisory Agreement dated December 30, 2009 between Registrant and Vulcan Value Partners, LLC with respect to the Vulcan Value Partners Fund and Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund.(37)

 

(9)Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 31, 2018 between Registrant and ALPS Advisors, Inc. with respect to the CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund.(64)

 

(10)Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement dated May 31, 2018 among Registrant, ALPS Advisors, Inc. and CoreCommodity Management, LLC with respect to the CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund.(66)

 

(11)Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 31, 2018 between Registrant and ALPS Advisors, Inc. with respect to the RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund).(66)

 

(12)Amendment dated August 3, 2018 to the Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 31, 2018 between Registrant and ALPS Advisors, Inc. with respect to the RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund).(66)

 

(13)Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement dated May 31, 2018 among Registrant, ALPS Advisors, Inc. and RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund).(66)

 

(14)Amendment dated August 3, 2018 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement May 31, 2018 among Registrant, ALPS Advisors, Inc. and RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund).(66)

 

(15)Investment Advisory Agreement dated August 21, 2018 between Registrant and ALPS Advisors, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund.(66)

 

(16)Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement dated August 21, 2018 among Registrant, ALPS Advisors, Inc. and Kotak Mahindra (UK) Limited with respect to the ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund.(66)

 

 

(17)Novation Agreement dated April 1, 2017 among the Registrant, ALPS Advisors, Inc., Kotak Mahindra (UK) Limited and Kotak Mahindra Asset Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. with respect to the ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund.(58)

 

(18)Investment Advisory Agreement dated September 13, 2011 between Registrant and Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities and Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Funds.(22)

 

(19)Amendment dated May 1, 2013 to the Investment Advisory Agreement dated September 13, 2011 between Registrant and Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund and Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund.(35)

 

(20)Amendment dated June 29, 2015 to Investment Advisory Agreement dated September 13, 2011 between Registrant and Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and Grandeur Peak Micro Cap Fund.(45)

 

(21)Investment Advisory Agreement dated December 29, 2011 between Registrant and Highland Associates, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(28)

 

(22)Amendment dated December 5, 2012 to Investment Advisory Agreement dated December 29, 2011 between Registrant and Highland Associates, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(34)

 

(23)Amendment dated August 15, 2018 to the Investment Advisory Agreement dated December 29, 2011 between Registrant and Highland Associates, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(66)

 

(24)Sub-Advisory Agreement dated August 31, 2016 by and between Registrant, Highland Associates, Inc. and Incline Global Management, LLC with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(53)

 

(25)Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement dated January 25, 2017 among the Registrant, Highland Associates, Inc. and Chatham Asset Management, LLC with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(58)

 

(26)Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement dated August 1, 2019 among the Registrant, Highland Associates, Inc. and Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund) (filed herewith).

 

(27)Investment Advisory Agreement dated August 31, 2016 between Redmont Resolute (a Cayman Islands exempted company) and Highlands Associates, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(53)

 

(28)Investment Advisory Agreement dated January 30, 2012 between Registrant and Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC with respect to the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund.(26)

 

(29)Amendment dated June 10, 2014 to Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC with respect to the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund.(41)

 

 

(30)Amendment dated April 15, 2016 to Investment Advisory Agreement dated January 30, 2012 between Registrant and Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC with respect to the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund.(51)

 

(31)Amendment dated August 31, 2016 to Investment Advisory Agreement dated January 30, 2012 between Registrant and Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC with respect to the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund and the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund.(53)

 

(32)Investment Advisory Agreement dated October 1, 2018 between Registrant and Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust with respect to the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, the Emerald Growth Fund, the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund and the Emerald Insights Fund.(70)

 

(33)Investment Advisory Agreement dated [            ], 2019 between Registrant and Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust with respect to the Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(34)Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement dated [             ], 2019 among Registrant, Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust and Liberty Cove LLC with respect to the Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(35)Investment Advisory Agreement dated [             ], 2019 between Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Offshore Fund Limited (a Cayman Islands exempted company) and Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust with respect to the Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(36)Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement dated [              ], 2019 between [             ] (a Cayman Islands exempted company) and Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust and Liberty Cove LLC with respect to the Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(37)Investment Advisory Agreement dated March 23, 2017 between the Registrant and Rondure Global Advisors, LLC with respect to the Rondure New World Fund and Rondure Overseas Fund.(57)

 

(38)Investment Advisory Agreement dated February 12, 2018 between Registrant and Disciplined Growth Investors, Inc. with respect to The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund.(63)

 

(39)Investment Advisory Agreement dated June 29, 2018 between Registrant and Smith Capital Investors, LLC with respect to the ALPS/Smith Total Return Bond Fund and ALPS/Smith Short Term Bond Fund.(65)

 

(40)Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement dated June 29, 2018 among Registrant, ALPS Advisors, Inc., and Smith Capital Investors, LLC with respect to the ALPS/Smith Total Return Bond Fund and ALPS/Smith Short Term Bond Fund.(65)

 

 

(41)Form of Amendment dated [             ] to Investment Advisory Agreement dated September 13, 2011 between Registrant and Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Contrarian Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(e)

 

(1)Distribution Agreement dated April 16, 2018 between Registrant and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/WMC Disciplined Value Fund), Clough China Fund, ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund, RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund), ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund, ALPS/Alerian MLP Infrastructure Index Fund and ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Value Fund.(66)

 

(2)Amendment dated April 16, 2018 to Distribution Agreement dated April 16, 2018 between Registrant and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/WMC Disciplined Value Fund), Clough China Fund, ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund, RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund), ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund and ALPS/Alerian MLP Infrastructure Index Fund, ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Value Fund, ALPS/Smith Short Term Duration Bond Fund and ALPS/Smith Total Return Bond Fund.(66)

 

(3)Amendment dated April 27, 2018 to Distribution Agreement dated April 16, 2018 between Registrant and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/WMC Disciplined Value Fund), Clough China Fund, ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund, RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund), ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund, ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Value Fund, ALPS/Smith Short Term Duration Bond Fund and ALPS/Smith Total Return Bond Fund.(66)

 

 

(4)Form of Selling Agreement between ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. and Broker/Dealer.(36)

 

(5)Form of Shareholder Servicing Agreement between ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. and servicing firm.(36)

 

(6)Form of Fund-SERV Agreement between ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. and servicing firm.(36)

 

(7)Form of Trust Networking Agreement between ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. and servicing firm.(36)

 

(8)Distribution Agreement dated April 16, 2018 between Registrant and ALPS Distributors, Inc. with respect to The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund, Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, Emerald Growth Fund, Emerald Insights Fund, Emerald Small Cap Value Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund, Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund, Highland Resolute Fund, Rondure New World Fund, Rondure Overseas Fund, Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund, Seafarer Overseas Value Fund, Vulcan Value Partners Fund and Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund.(66)

 

(9)Amendment dated [             ] to Distribution Agreement dated April 16, 2018 and ALPS Distributors, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Contrarian Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(10)Amendment dated [             ], 2019 to the Distribution Agreement dated April 16, 2018 between the Registrant and ALPS Distributors, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(11)Form of Selling Agreement between ALPS Distributors, Inc. and Broker/Dealer.(10)

 

(12)Form of Shareholder Servicing Agreement between ALPS Distributors, Inc. and servicing firm.(10)

 

(13)Form of Fund-SERV Agreement between ALPS Distributors, Inc. and servicing firm.(10)

 

(14)Form of Trust Networking Agreement between ALPS Distributors, Inc. and servicing firm.(10)

 

(f)None.

 

(g)

 

(1)Custody Agreement dated November 13, 2007 between Registrant and The Bank of New York.(5)

 

 

(2)Foreign Custody Manager Agreement dated November 13, 2007 between Registrant and The Bank of New York.(5)

 

(3)Amendment No. 2 dated December 30, 2009 to Custody Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon with respect to the Vulcan Value Partners and the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Funds.(16)

 

(4)Amendment No. 2 dated December 30, 2009 to Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon with respect to the Vulcan Value Partners and the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Funds.(16)

 

(5)Amendment dated February 14, 2011 to Custody Agreement dated November 13, 2007 between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon with respect to the ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund.(21)

 

(6)Amendment dated February 14, 2011 to Foreign Custody Manager Agreement dated November 13, 2007 between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon with respect to the ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund.(21)

 

(7)Global Custody Agreement dated December 26, 2012 between Registrant and MUFG Union Bank N.A. (f/k/a Union Bank N.A.) with respect to the ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/WMC Disciplined Value Fund), The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund, Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund), Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund, Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, Emerald Growth Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund and Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund.(48)

 

(8)Master Custodian Agreement dated June 1, 2013 between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company with respect to certain series of the Trust.(38)

 

(9)Amendment dated December 9, 2013 to the Master Custodian Agreement dated June 1, 2013 relating to the ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, ALPS/WMC Disciplined Value Fund, Clough China Fund, ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund, RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund).(58)

 

(10)Amendment dated July 31, 2014 to Global Custody Agreement dated December 26, 2012 between Registrant and MUFG Union Bank N.A. (f/k/a Union Bank N.A.) with respect to the Emerald Insights Fund.(41)

 

(11)Custodian Agreement dated December 16, 2013 between Registrant and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund and Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund.(45)

 

 

(12)Amendment dated June 29, 2015 to Global Custody Agreement dated December 26, 2012 between Registrant and MUFG Union Bank N.A. (f/k/a Union Bank N.A.) with respect to the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund.(47)

 

(13)Amendment dated June 4, 2015 to Custodian Agreement dated December 16, 2013 between Registrant and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and Grandeur Peak Micro Cap Fund.(48)

 

(14)Amendment dated April 15, 2016 to Custodian Agreement dated December 16, 2013 between Registrant and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. with respect to the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund.(51)

 

(15)Amendment dated May 18, 2016 to Custodian Agreement dated December 16, 2013, between Registrant and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., with respect to the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund.(53)

 

(16)Amendment dated March 14, 2017 to Custodian Agreement dated December 16, 2013 between Registrant and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., with respect to the Rondure New World Fund and Rondure Overseas Fund.(18)

 

(17)Amendment dated June 29, 2018 to Master Custodian Agreement dated June 1, 2013 between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company with respect to the ALPS/Smith Total Return Bond Fund and ALPS/Smith Short Term Bond Fund.(65)

 

(18)Amendment dated [             ], 2019 to Custodian Agreement dated December 16, 2013 between Registrant and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Contrarian Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(19)Amendment dated [             ], 2019 to Master Custodian Custody Agreement dated December 26, 2012 between Registrant and MUFG Union Bank N.A. with respect to the Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(h)

 

(1)Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund (f/k/a Listed Private Equity Fund).(4)

 

(2)Amendment No. 2 dated August 31, 2009 to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund (f/k/a Activa Value Fund).(16)

 

(3)Amendment No. 4 dated January 15, 2010 to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Clough China Fund.(16)

 

 

(4)Amendment No. 5 dated March 9, 2010 to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity (f/k/a Listed Private Equity Fund) and ALPS/WMC Research Value (f/k/a Activa Value Fund).(14)

 

(5)Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated December 30, 2009 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Vulcan Value Partners and the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Funds.(16)

 

(6)Transfer Agency and Interactive Client Service Agreement dated December 30, 2009 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Vulcan Value Partners and the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Funds.(16)

 

(7)Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated July 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Disciplined Growth Investors Fund.(19)

 

(8)Transfer Agency and Service Agreement September 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities and Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Funds.(22)

 

(9)Amendment dated June 15, 2010 to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund.(18)

 

(10)Amendment dated August 2, 2010 to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund).(18)

 

(11)Amendment dated September 27, 2010 to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund).(18)

 

(12)Amendment dated January 20, 2011 to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund.(17)

 

(13)Amendment dated August 31, 2012 to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund).(28)

 

(14)Amendment dated May 21, 2018 to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to Class A Shares of ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/WMC Disciplined Value Fund), Clough China Fund, ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund, RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund), ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund and ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Fund).(64)

 

 

(15)Amendment dated June 29, 2018 to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/Smith Total Return Bond Fund and ALPS/Smith Short Term Bond Fund.(65)

 

(16)Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated December 29, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(28)

 

(17)Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated January 30, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund.(26)

 

(18)Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund and Emerald Growth Fund.(23)

 

(19)Amendment dated July 31, 2014 to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Insights Fund.(41)

 

(20)Amendment dated May 1, 2013 to Transfer Agency and Services Agreement dated September 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund and Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund.(35)

 

(21)Amendment dated June 9, 2015 to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund.(51)

 

(22)Amendment dated June 29, 2015 to Transfer Agency and Services Agreement dated September 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and Grandeur Peak Micro Cap Fund.(45)

 

(23)Amendment dated April 15, 2016 to Transfer Agency and Services Agreement dated January 30, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund.(51)

 

 

(24)Transfer Agency and Services Agreement dated March 23, 2017 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Rondure New World Fund and Rondure Overseas Fund. (57)

 

(25)Amendment dated January 29, 2016 to the Transfer Agency and Services Agreement dated December 29, 2011 between the Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(58)

 

(26)Amendment dated June 9, 2018 to the Transfer Agency and Services Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between the Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, Emerald Growth Fund, Emerald Insights Fund and Emerald Small Cap Value Fund.(66)

 

(27)Amendment dated July 13, 2018 to the Transfer Agency and Services Agreement dated July 13, 2011 between the Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund.(66)

 

(28)Amendment dated [             ] to Transfer Agency and Services Agreement dated September 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Contrarian Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(29)Amendment dated [             ], 2019 to the Transfer Agency and Services Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between the Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(30)Amendment dated [             ], 2019 to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to Institutional Class Shares of ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(31)Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund (f/k/a Listed Private Equity Fund).(4)

 

(32)Amendment dated August 31, 2009 to Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund (f/k/a Activa Value Fund).(16)

 

(33)Amendment dated January 15, 2010 to Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Clough China Fund.(16)

 

(34)Amendment dated March 9, 2010 to Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity (f/k/a Listed Private Equity Fund) and ALPS/WMC Research Value (f/k/a Activa Value Fund).(16)

 

 

(35)Amendment dated June 15, 2010 to Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund.(18)

 

(36)Amendment dated August 2, 2010 to Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund).(18)

 

(37)Amendment dated September 27, 2010 to Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund).(18)

 

(38)Amendment dated January 20, 2011 to Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund.(17)

 

(39)Amendment dated August 31, 2012 to Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund).(28)

 

(40)Amendment dated February 28, 2018 to Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund).(62)

 

(41)Amendment dated May 21, 2018 to Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to Class A Shares of ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/WMC Disciplined Value Fund), Clough China Fund, ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund, RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund), ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund and ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Fund).(64)

 

 

(42)Amendment dated June 29, 2018 to Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/Smith Total Return Bond Fund and ALPS/Smith Short Term Bond Fund.(65)

 

(43)Amendment dated April 30, 2018 to Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/WMC Disciplined Value Fund), Clough China Fund, ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund, RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund), ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund, ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Value Fund, ALPS/Smith Total Return Bond Fund and ALPS/Smith Short Term Bond Fund.(66)

 

(44)Amendment dated May 1, 2013 to Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Services Agreement dated September 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund and Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund.(35)

 

(45)Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Agreement dated July 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Disciplined Growth Investors Fund.(28)

 

(46)Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Agreement dated September 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities and Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Funds.(22)

 

(47)Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Agreement dated December 29, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(28)

 

(48)Amendment dated March 31, 2013 to Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Agreement dated December 29, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(34)

 

(49)Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Agreement dated January 30, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund.(26)

 

 

(50)Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund and the Emerald Growth Fund.(28)

 

(51)Amendment dated July 31, 2014 to Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Insights Fund.(41)

 

(52)Amendment dated June 9, 2015 to Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund.(44)

 

(53)Amendment dated June 29, 2015 to Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Agreement dated September 11, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and Grandeur Peak Micro Cap Fund.(45)

 

(54)Amendment dated April 15, 2016 to Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Agreement dated January 30, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund.(51)

 

(55)Amendment dated January 29, 2016 to the Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Agreement dated December 29, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(58)

 

(56)Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated March 23, 2017 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Rondure New World Fund and Rondure Overseas Fund.(57)

 

(57)Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Services Agreement dated December 30, 2009 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Vulcan Value Partners Fund and the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund.(66)

 

(58)Amendment dated March 14, 2018 to the Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Services Agreement dated July 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund.(66)

 

(59)Amendment dated March 14, 2018 to the Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Services Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, Emerald Growth Fund, Emerald Insights Fund and Emerald Small Cap Value Fund.(66)

 

(60)Amendment dated March 14, 2018 to the Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Services Agreement dated September 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities, Grandeur Peak International Opportunities, Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund, Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and Grandeur Peak Micro Cap Fund.(66)

 

 

(61)Amendment dated March 14, 2018 to the Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Services Agreement dated December 29, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund.(66)

 

(62)Amendment dated March 14, 2018 to the Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Services Agreement dated March 23, 2017 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Rondure New World Fund and the Rondure Overseas Fund.(66)

 

(63)Amendment dated March 14, 2018 to the Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Services Agreement dated January 30, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund and the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund.(66)

 

(64)Amendment dated March 14, 2018 to the Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Services Agreement dated December 30, 2009 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Vulcan Value Partners Fund and the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund .(66)

 

(65)Amendment dated [             ] to Administration, Bookkeeping and Pricing Services Agreement dated September 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Contrarian Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(66)Amendment dated [             ], 2019 to Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(67)Amendment dated [             ], 2019 to Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement dated October 1, 2007 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(68)PFO Services Agreement dated December 30, 2009 among Registrant, ALPS Fund Services, Inc. and Vulcan Value Partners, LLC with respect to the Vulcan Value Partners and the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Funds.(16)

 

(69)Chief Compliance Officer Services Agreement dated December 30, 2009 among Registrant, ALPS Fund Services, Inc. and Vulcan Value Partners, LLC with respect to the Vulcan Value Partners and the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Funds.(16)

 

(70)PFO Services Agreement dated July 13, 2011 among Registrant, ALPS Fund Services, Inc. and Disciplined Growth Investors, Inc. with respect to the Disciplined Investors Growth Fund.(28)

 

 

(71)Chief Compliance Officer Services Agreement dated July 13, 2011 among Registrant, ALPS Fund Services, Inc. and Disciplined Growth Investors, Inc. with respect to the Disciplined Investors Growth Fund.(28)

 

(72)Amended and Restated PFO Services Agreement dated December 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities and Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Funds.(28)

 

(73)Amended and Restated Chief Compliance Officer Services Agreement dated December 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities and Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Funds.(28)

 

(74)PFO Services Agreement dated December 29, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(28)

 

(75)Amendment dated January 29, 2016 to the PFO Services Agreement dated December 29, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(51)

 

(76)Chief Compliance Officer Services Agreement dated December 29, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(28)

 

(77)Amendment dated March 31, 2013 to Chief Compliance Officer Services Agreement dated December 29, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(34)

 

(78)Amendment dated January 29, 2016 to Chief Compliance Officer Services Agreement dated December 29, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(51)

 

(79)PFO Services Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund and the Emerald Growth Fund.(28)

 

(80)Chief Compliance Officer Services Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund and the Emerald Growth Fund.(28)

 

(81)Amendment dated July 31, 2014 to PFO Services Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Insights Fund.(41)

 

(82)Amendment dated July 31, 2014 to Chief Compliance Officer Services Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Insights Fund.(41)

 

 

(83)Amendment dated June 9, 2015 to PFO Services Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund.(47)

 

(84)Amendment dated June 9, 2015 to Chief Compliance Officer Services Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Small Cap Value Fund.(47)

 

(85)Amendment dated May 1, 2013 to Amended and Restated Chief Compliance Officer Services Agreement dated December 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund and Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund.(35)

 

(86)Amendment dated May 1, 2013 to PFO Services Agreement dated December 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund and Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund.(35)

 

(87)Amendment dated June 29, 2015 to Amended and Restated Chief Compliance Officer Services Agreement dated September 11, 2013 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and Grandeur Peak Micro Cap Fund.(45)

 

(88)Amendment dated June 29, 2015 to PFO Services Agreement dated September 11, 2013 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and Grandeur Peak Micro Cap Fund.(45)

 

(89)Amended and Restated PFO Services Agreement effective January 1, 2016 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund and Seafarer Overseas Value Fund.(58)

 

(90)Amended and Restated Chief Compliance Officer Services Agreement dated April 15, 2016 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Seafarer Growth and Income Fund and the Seafarer Overseas Value Fund.(51)

 

(91)Principal Financial Officer Agreement dated March 23, 2017 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Rondure New World Fund and Rondure Overseas Fund.(57)

 

(92)Chief Compliance Officer Agreement dated March 23, 2017 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Rondure New World Fund and Rondure Overseas Fund.(57)

 

(93)Amendment dated June 9, 2018 to Chief Compliance Officer Services Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, Emerald Growth Fund, Emerald Insights Fund and Emerald Small Cap Value Fund.(66)

 

 

(94)Amendment dated July 13, 2018 to Chief Compliance Officer Services Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund.(66)

 

(95)Amendment dated [             ] to Amended and Restated Chief Compliance Officer Services Agreement dated December 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Contrarian Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(96)Amendment dated [             ] to PFO Services Agreement dated December 13, 2011 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Contrarian Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(97)Amendment dated [             ], 2019 to PFO Services Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(98)Amendment dated [             ], 2019 to Chief Compliance Officer Services Agreement dated March 16, 2012 between Registrant and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. with respect to the Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(99)Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated December 11, 2018 between Registrant and ALPS Advisors, Inc. with respect to the ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund.(67)

 

(100)Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated December 11, 2018 between Registrant and ALPS Advisors, Inc. with respect to the Clough China Fund.(67)

 

(101)Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated December 11, 2018 among Registrant, ALPS Advisors, Inc. and Red Rocks Capital LLC with respect to the ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund.(67)

 

(102)Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated June 12, 2018 between Registrant and Vulcan Value Partners, LLC with respect to the Vulcan Value Partners and the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Funds.(66)

 

(103)Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated December 11, 2018 among Registrant, ALPS Advisors, Inc. and CoreCommodity Management, LLC with respect to the ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund.(67)

 

(104)Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated December 11, 2018 among Registrant, ALPS Advisors, Inc. and Kotak Mahindra Asset Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. with respect to the ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund.(67)

 

(105)Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated August 5, 2019 between Registrant and Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Emerging Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund (filed herewith).

 

 

(106)Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated August 15, 2019 between Registrant and Highland Associates, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund) (filed herewith).

 

(107)Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated June 12, 2019 between Registrant and Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC with respect to the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund and Seafarer Overseas Value Fund (filed herewith).

 

(108)Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated October 1, 2018 between Registrant and Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust with respect to the Emerald Growth Fund, Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, Emerald Insights Fund and Emerald Small Cap Value Fund (filed herewith).

 

(109)Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated June 12, 2019 between Registrant and Rondure Global Advisors LLC with respect to the Rondure New World Fund and Rondure Overseas Fund (filed herewith).

 

(110)Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated March 12, 2018 among Registrant, ALPS Advisors, Inc. and Smith Capital Investors, LLC with respect to the ALPS|Smith Total Return Bond Fund and ALPS|Smith Short Term Bond Fund.(65)

 

(111)Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated December 11, 2018 between Registrant and Vulcan Value Partners, LLC with respect to the Vulcan Value Partners and the Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Funds.(68)

 

(112)Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated [             ] between Registrant and Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Contrarian Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(113)Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated [             ], 2019 between Registrant and Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust with respect to the Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(114)Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated [             ], 2019 among Registrant, ALPS Advisors, Inc. and Kotak Mahindra Asset Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. with respect to Institutional Class shares of the ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(i)

 

(1)Opinion of Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP, counsel to Registrant, with respect to ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund, Clough China Fund, ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund, RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive, RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth, RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income, RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate and RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth, ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund, ALPS|Smith Total Return Bond Fund and ALPS|Smith Short Term Bond Fund.(67)

 

 

(2)Opinion of Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP, counsel to Registrant, with respect to the Vulcan Value Partners Fund, Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund, The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund, Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and Grandeur Peak Micro Cap Fund, Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund ), Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund, Seafarer Overseas Value Fund, Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, Emerald Growth Fund, Emerald Insights Fund, Emerald Small Cap Value Fund, Rondure Overseas Fund and Rondure New World Fund (filed herewith).

 

(3)Opinion of Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP, counsel to Registrant, with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Contrarian Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(4)Opinion of Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP, counsel to Registrant, with respect to the Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(5)Opinion of Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP, counsel to Registrant, with respect to the ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(j)

 

(1)Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, as Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, with respect to the ALPS | CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund, ALPS | Kotak India Growth Fund, ALPS | Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, ALPS | WMC Research Value Fund, Clough China Fund, RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive, RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth, RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income, RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate, RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth, ALPS | Smith Total Return Bond Fund and ALPS | Smith Short Duration Bond Fund.(67)

 

(2)Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, as Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, with respect to Vulcan Value Partners Fund, Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund, The Disciplined Growth Investors, Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities, Grandeur Peak International Opportunities, Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund, Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and Grandeur Peak Micro Cap Fund, Redmont Resolute Fund (f/k/a Highland Resolute Fund), Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income, Seafarer Overseas Value Fund, Emerald Banking and Finance, Emerald Growth Fund, Emerald Insights Fund, Emerald Small Cap Value Fund, Rondure New World Fund and Rondure Overseas Fund (filed herewith).

 

 

(3)Tax Opinion of Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP, counsel to Registrant, with respect to Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).(53)

 

(4)Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, as Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, with respect to the ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(k)None.

 

(l)Form of Share Purchase Agreement with respect to the Registrant.(14)

 

(m)

 

(1)Amended Distribution and Services Plan – ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/WMC Disciplined Value Fund), Clough China Fund, ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund, RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund), ALPS/Kotak India Growth, ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Fund, ALPS/Smith Total Return Bond Fund and ALPS/Smith Short Term Bond Fund, Investor Class (f/k/a Class A).(65)

 

(2)Amended Distribution and Services Plan – ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund, Clough China Fund, ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund, RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund), ALPS/Kotak India Growth, ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Fund, ALPS/Smith Total Return Bond Fund and ALPS/Smith Short Term Bond Fund, Class C.(65)

 

(3)Amended Distribution and Services Plan – ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/WMC Disciplined Value Fund), Clough China Fund, ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund, RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund), ALPS/Kotak India Growth, ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Fund, ALPS/Smith Total Return Bond Fund and ALPS/Smith Short Term Bond Fund, Class A.(65)

 

 

(4)Distribution and Services Plan – ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, Class R.(36)

 

(5)Distribution and Services Plan – RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund), Investor Class II (f/k/a Investor Class).(62)

 

(6)Amended and Restated Shareholder Services Plan – ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund, ALPS/Kotak India Growth, ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Fund, ALPS/Smith Total Return Bond Fund and ALPS/Smith Short Term Bond Fund, Investor Class (f/k/a Class A).(65)

 

(7)Amended Shareholder Services Plan – ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/WMC Disciplined Value Fund), Clough China Fund, ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund, RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund), ALPS/Kotak India Growth, ALPS/Smith Total Return Bond Fund and ALPS/Smith Short Term Bond Fund, Class C.(65)

 

(8)Amended and Restated Shareholder Services Plan – ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund, ALPS/Kotak India Growth, ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/Metis Global Micro Cap Fund, ALPS/Smith Total Return Bond Fund and ALPS/Smith Short Term Bond Fund, Class A.(65)

 

(9)Amended Distribution and Services Plan – Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund, Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and Grandeur Peak Micro Cap Fund, Investor Class.(45)

 

(10)Amended and Restated Shareholder Services Plan – Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund and Seafarer Overseas Value Fund, Investor Class.(51)

 

(11)Amended and Restated Shareholder Services Plan – Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund and Seafarer Overseas Value Fund, Institutional Class.(51)

 

(12)Distribution and Services Plan – Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, Class A.(23)

 

(13)Distribution and Services Plan – Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, Class C.(23)

 

 

(14)Distribution and Services Plan – Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, Investor Class.(23)

 

(15)Distribution and Services Plan – Emerald Growth Fund, Class A.(23)

 

(16)Distribution and Services Plan – Emerald Growth Fund, Class C.(23)

 

(17)Distribution and Services Plan – Emerald Growth Fund, Investor Class.(23)

 

(18)Distribution and Services Plan – Emerald Insights Fund, Class A.(41)

 

(19)Distribution and Services Plan – Emerald Insights Fund, Class C. (41)

 

(20)Distribution and Services Plan – Emerald Insights Fund, Investor Class.(41)

 

(21)Distribution and Services Plan – Emerald Small Cap Value Fund, Class A.(47)

 

(22)Distribution and Services Plan – Emerald Small Cap Value Fund, Class C.(47)

 

(23)Distribution and Services Plan – Emerald Small Cap Value Fund, Investor Class.(47)

 

(24)Distribution and Services Plan – Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund, Class A (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(25)Shareholder Services Plan – Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, Class C.(23)

 

(26)Amended and Restated Shareholder Services Plan – Emerald Growth Fund, Emerald Banking and Finance Fund and Emerald Insights Fund, Institutional Class.(51)

 

(27)Shareholder Services Plan – Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund, Institutional Class (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(28)Amended and Restated Shareholder Services Plan – Emerald Growth Fund, Emerald Banking and Finance Fund and Emerald Insights Fund, Investor Class.(51)

 

(29)Shareholder Services Plan – Emerald Growth Fund, Class C.(23)

 

(30)Shareholder Services Plan – Emerald Insights Fund, Class C.(41)

 

(31)Shareholder Services Plan – Emerald Small Cap Value Fund, Class C.(47)

 

(32)Distribution and Services Plan – Rondure New World Fund and Rondure Overseas Fund, Investor Class.(57)

 

(33)Shareholder Services Plan – Highland Resolute Fund, Class I.(61)

 

(n)

 

(1)Amended Rule 18f-3 Plan – ALPS/Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Fund, ALPS/WMC Research Value Fund (f/k/a ALPS/WMC Disciplined Value Fund), Clough China Fund, ALPS|CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund, RiverFront Asset Allocation Aggressive (f/k/a RiverFront Global Growth Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Global Allocation Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Growth & Income (f/k/a RiverFront Dynamic Equity Income Fund), RiverFront Asset Allocation Moderate (f/k/a RiverFront Moderate Growth & Income Fund) and RiverFront Asset Allocation Income & Growth (f/k/a RiverFront Conservative Income Builder Fund), ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund, ALPS/Smith Total Return Bond Fund and ALPS/Smith Short Term Bond Fund(to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

 

(2)Amended Rule 18f-3 Plan – Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund, Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak Micro Cap Fund and Grandeur Peak Global Contrarian Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(3)Amended Rule 18f-3 Plan – Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund and Seafarer Overseas Value Fund.(51)

 

(4)Amended Rule 18f-3 Plan – Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, Emerald Growth Fund, Emerald Insights Fund, Emerald Small Cap Value Fund and Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund (to be filed by subsequent amendment).

 

(5)Rule 18f-3 Plan – Rondure New World Fund and Rondure Overseas Fund.(57)

 

(6)Rule 18f-3 Plan – Vulcan Value Partners Fund and Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund.(68)

 

(o)Reserved.

 

(p)

 

(1)Code of Ethics for Registrant, revised as of March 13, 2006.(2)

 

(2)Code of Ethics for ALPS Holdings, Inc. (includes ALPS Advisors, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc., and Red Rocks Capital LLC) each a subsidiary of ALPS Holdings, Inc.) revised as of December 1, 2018 (filed herewith).

 

(3)Code of Ethics for Wellington Management Company, LLP as of April 30, 2017.(62)

 

(4)Code of Ethics for Clough Capital Partners LP as of May 2, 2007.(7)

 

(5)Code of Ethics for Vulcan Value Partners, LLC as of October 15, 2009.(11)

 

(6)Code of Ethics for CoreCommodity Management, LLC.(12)

 

(7)Code of Ethics for RiverFront Investment Group, LLC.(61)

 

(8)Code of Ethics for Disciplined Growth Investors, Inc.(19)

 

 

(9)Code of Ethics for Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC.(22)

 

(10)Code of Ethics for Highland Associates, Inc.(25)

 

(11)Code of Ethics for Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC.(61)

 

(12)Code of Ethics for Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust.(23)

 

(13)Code of Ethics for Incline Global Management, LLC.(55)

 

(14)Code of Ethics for Rondure Global Advisors LLC.(57)

 

(15)Code of Ethics for Chatham Asset Management, LLC.(58)

 

(16)Code of Ethics for Kotak Mahindra Asset Management (Singapore) PTE LTD.(59)

 

(17)Code of Ethics for Smith Capital Investors, LLC.(65)

 

(18)Code of Ethics for Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC (filed herewith).

 

(q)

 

(1)Power of Attorney dated December 13, 2016.(55)

 

(2)Power of Attorney dated June 26, 2019. (69)

 

 
(1)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on August 28, 1997.

(2)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 30 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on August 28, 2006.

(3)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on September 5, 2007.

(4)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on November 20, 2007.

(5)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on May 6, 2008.

(6)Incorporated by reference to the Form N-14 Registration Statement filed by the Registrant on June 12, 2009.

(7)Incorporated by reference to the Form N-14 Registration Statement filed by the Registrant on August 20, 2009.

(8)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on August 28, 2009.

(9)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on September 29, 2009.

(10)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 13, 2009.

(11)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on December 29, 2009.

(12)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on June 15, 2010.

 

 

(13)Incorporated by reference to the Form N-14 Registration Statement filed by the Registrant on June 25, 2010.

(14)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on June 30, 2010.

(15)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 59 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on July 30, 2010.

(16)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 62 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on August 30, 2010.

(17)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 66 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on January 28, 2011.

(18)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 70 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on April 29, 2011.

(19)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 75 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on July 13, 2011.

(20)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on August 1, 2011.

(21)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 80 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on August 29, 2011.

(22)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 82 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on September 22, 2011.

(23)Incorporated by reference to the Form N-14 Registration Statement filed by the Registrant on December 23, 2011.

(25)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 88 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on December 29, 2011.

(26)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 90 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on January 30, 2012.

(27)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 97 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on July 24, 2012.

(28)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 99 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on August 28, 2012.

(29)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 5, 2012.

(30)Incorporated by reference to the Form N-14 Registration Statement filed by the Registrant on November 19, 2012.

(31)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on November 29, 2012.

(32)Incorporated by reference to the Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Registrant’s Form N-14 Registration Statement filed by the Registrant on December 19, 2012.

(33)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 107 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on December 28, 2012.

(34)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on March 29, 2013.

(35)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 113 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on May 1, 2013.

(36)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 114 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on May 15, 2013.

 

 

(37)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on August 28, 2013.

(38)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 125 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on November 27, 2013.

(39)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 127 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on December 19, 2013.

(40)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 131 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on June 30, 2014.

(41)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on July 30, 2014.

(42)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 136 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on August 28, 2014.

(43)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 139 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on February 27, 2015.

(44)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on June 9, 2015.

(45)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 148 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on June 29, 2015.

(46)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 150 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on July 10, 2015.

(47)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 155 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on August 28, 2015.

(48)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 162 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on December 29, 2015.

(49)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 165 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on January 28, 2016.

(50)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on February 26, 2016.

(51)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 174 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on April 15, 2016.

(52)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 176 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on June 29, 2016.

(53)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 177 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on August 29, 2016.

(54)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 179 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on September 19, 2016.

(55)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 182 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on December 27, 2016.

(56)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 186 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on February 28, 2017.

(57)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 191 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on March 23, 2017.

(58)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 194 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on May 10, 2017.

(59)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 196 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on July 21, 2017.

 

 

(60)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 197 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on August 28, 2017.

(61)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 205 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on December 29, 2017.

(62)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 206 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on February 28, 2018.

(63)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 208 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on March 20, 2018.

(64)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 213 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on June 12, 2018.

(65)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 215 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on June 29, 2018.

(66)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 218 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on August 28, 2018.

(67)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 221 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on February 28, 2019.

(68)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 225 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on April 23, 2019.

(69)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 227 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on June 28, 2019.

(70)Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 228 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on August 8, 2019.

 

Item 29.Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Registrant.

 

ALPS/CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls CoreCommodity Management Cayman Commodity Fund Ltd. (the “Subsidiary”), an exempt company organized under the laws of Cayman Islands. The Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the ALPS/CoreCommodity Management CompleteCommodities Strategy Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders.

 

ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund, a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls India Premier Equity Portfolio (the “Subsidiary”), a company organized under the laws of Mauritius. The Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the ALPS/Kotak India Growth Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders.

 

Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund), a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls Highland Resolute (the “Subsidiary”) (f/k/a Redmont Resolute), an exempt company organized under the laws of Cayman Islands. The Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the Highland Resolute Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders.

 

Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund, a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Offshore Fund Limited (the “Subsidiary”), an exempt company organized under the laws of Cayman Islands. The Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the Emerald Select trueMLP Strategy Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders.

 

 

Item 30.Indemnification.

 

As permitted by Section 17(h) and (i) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and pursuant to Article X of the Registrant’s Trust Instrument (Exhibit (a)(1) and (a)(2) to the Registration Statement), Section 1.10 of the Distribution Agreement (Exhibit I(1) to the Registration Statement) and Section 15 of the Distribution Agreement (Exhibit I(6) to the Registration Statement), officers, trustees, employees and agents of the Registrant will not be liable to the Registrant, any shareholder, officer, trustee, employee, agent or other person for any action or failure to act, except for bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard of duties, and those individuals may be indemnified against liabilities in connection with the Registrant, subject to the same exceptions.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant understands that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

The Registrant has purchased an insurance policy insuring its officers and trustees against liabilities, and certain costs of defending claims against such officers and trustees, to the extent such officers and trustees are not found to have committed conduct constituting willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard in the performance of their duties. The insurance policy also insures the Registrant against the cost of indemnification payments to officers under certain circumstances.

 

The Registrant hereby undertakes that it will apply the indemnification provisions of its Declaration of Trust and Distribution Agreements in a manner consistent with Release No. 11330 of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the 1940 Act so long as the interpretations of Section 17(h) and 17(i) of such Act remain in effect and are consistently applied.

 

 

Item 31.Business and Other Connections of Investment Advisers and SubAdvisers.

 

ALPS ADVISORS, INC.

 

Name*

Position with ALPS Advisors, Inc. Other Business Connections

Type of Business

Bradley J. Swenson Senior Vice President See Trustee and Officer Table in the SAI Fund Servicing
Robert J. Szydlowski Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer, ALPS Holdings, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc.  and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Fund Servicing
Eric T. Parsons Vice President, Controller, Assistant Treasurer Vice President, Corporate Controller, ALPS Holdings, Inc., and Vice President, Controller, Assistant Treasurer ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Fund Servicing
Joseph J. Frank** Secretary Secretary, ALPS Holdings, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc. and Red Rocks Capital LLC. Fund Servicing
Douglas W. Fleming** Assistant Treasurer Assistant Treasurer, ALPS Holdings, Inc., ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc.,  ALPS Fund Services, Inc. and Red Rocks Capital LLC. Fund Servicing
Patrick J. Pedonti** Vice President, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary Vice President, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary, ALPS Holdings, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc.,  ALPS Fund Services, Inc. and Red Rocks Capital LLC. Fund Servicing
Jeremy Held Senior Vice President, Director of Research Senior Vice President, Red Rocks Capital LLC. Not Applicable

 

 

William R. Parmentier, Jr. Senior Vice President, Chief Investment Officer Not Applicable Not Applicable
Erin D. Nelson Senior Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer Chief Compliance Officer, Red Rocks Capital LLC. Fund Servicing
Richard C. Noyes Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Assistant Secretary Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Assistant Secretary, ALPS Holdings, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc. and Red Rocks Capital, LLC. Fund Servicing
Mark T. Haley Vice President Not Applicable Not Applicable
Wyck Brown Senior Vice President Senior Vice President, Portfolio Manager of Red Rocks Capital, LLC Fund Servicing
Dennis P. Emanuel Director of ETF and Closed-End Fund Strategy Not Applicable Not Applicable
Sareena Khwaja-Dixon Vice President, Senior Counsel See Trustee and Officer Table in SAI Fund Servicing
Ryan Mischker Vice President, Portfolio Management and Research Not Applicable Not Applicable
Andy Hicks Vice President, Index Management Not Applicable Not Applicable
Hilary Quinn Vice President Vice President, ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Fund Servicing
Jennifer Craig Assistant Vice President

See Trustee and Officer Table in SAI

Fund Servicing

*Except as otherwise noted, the principal business address for each of the above directors and executive officers is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203.

**The principal business address for Messrs. Frank, Fleming and Pedonti is 333 W. 11th Street, 5th Floor, Kansas City, Missouri 64105.

 

 

RED ROCKS CAPITAL LLC

 

Name*

Position with Red Rocks Capital LLC

Other Business

Connections

Type of Business

Patrick J. Pedonti Vice President, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary Vice President, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary, ALPS Holdings, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc.,  ALPS Fund Services, Inc. and ALPS Advisors, Inc. Not Applicable
Joseph J. Frank Secretary Secretary, ALPS Holdings, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc. and ALPS Advisors, Inc. Not Applicable
Jeremy Held Senior Vice President Senior Vice President, Director of Research, ALPS Advisors, Inc. Not Applicable
Douglas W. Fleming Assistant Treasurer Assistant Treasurer, ALPS Advisors, Inc., ALPS Holdings, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc., ALPS Fund Services, Inc. Not Applicable
Richard C. Noyes Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Assistant Secretary Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Assistant Secretary, ALPS Holdings, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc., ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. and ALPS Fund Services, Inc. and ALPS Advisors, Inc. Not Applicable
Wyck Brown Senior Vice President, Portfolio Manager Senior Vice President, ALPS Advisors, Inc. Not Applicable
Erin Nelson Chief Compliance Officer Senior Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer, ALPS Advisors, Inc. Not Applicable
Glenn Dreiling Vice President, Operations None Not Applicable
Richard Baker Vice President, Marketing & Business Development None Not Applicable
Kirk McCown Vice President, Portfolio Manager None Not Applicable
Andrew Drummond Vice President, Portfolio Manager None Not Applicable
*The principal business address for each of the Red Rocks Capital LLC representatives is: 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado 80203.

 

 

WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT COMPANY LLP

 

Business And Other Connections Of Officers And Directors Of Registrant’s Investment Subadviser, Wellington Management Company LLP (“Wellington Management”).

 

The principal business address of Wellington Management Company LLP is 280 Congress Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210. Wellington Management Company LLP is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. During the last two fiscal years, no partner of Wellington Management Company LLP, the Fund’s investment sub-adviser, has engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature other than that of the business of investment management.

 

CLOUGH CAPITAL PARTNERS, LP

 

Name*

Position with Clough

Capital Partners LP

Other Business

Connections

Type of

Business

Charles I. Clough, Jr. Partner, Chief Executive Officer, Portfolio Manager Not Applicable Not Applicable

Daniel J. Gillis

Chief Compliance Officer Not Applicable Not Applicable
*The principal business address for each of the Clough Capital Partners LP representatives is: One Post Office Square, 40th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02109.

 

VULCAN VALUE PARTNERS LLC

Name*

Position with Vulcan

Value Partners

Other Business

Connections

Type of

Business

C.T. Fitzpatrick Chief Executive Officer, Chief Investment Officer

Current – Chairman of the Board, Green Co.

(Montgomery, Alabama)

Real Estate
Bruce Donnellan Principal

Former – Acquisition Manager, Southern Power Company (Birmingham, Alabama)

Public Utility
Adam McClain

Principal / President

Former – First Vice President, Private Wealth Management Group, Sun Trust Bank (Memphis, Tennessee)

Financial Services
Hampton McFadden

Principal

Former – Director of Republic Capital Access

(Washington D.C.), Co-Founder, CEO, and General Counsel of Republic Capital Access (Washington D.C.)

Financial Services
Richard Davis

Principal/ Chief Operating Officer/ Chief Financial Officer

Former - Harbert Management Corporation (Birmingham, AL) Financial Services
*The principal business address for each of the Vulcan Value Partners, LLC representatives is: 2801 Highway 280 South, Suite 300, Birmingham, AL 35223.

 

 

CORECOMMODITY MANAGEMENT, LLC

 

Name*

Position with CoreCommodity Management, LLC

Other Business

Connections

Type of

Business

Adam C. De Chiara Founder, Co-President & Portfolio Manager

Founder & Co-President

CoreManagement, LLC

Founder & Co-President

CoreCommodity Capital, LLC

Founder & Co-President

CoreCommodity Indexes, LLC

Management company

 

 

Holding Company

 

Index Licensor

Bradford L. Klein Founder & Co-President

Founder & Co-President

CoreManagement, LLC

Founder & Co-President

CoreCommodity Capital, LLC

Founder & Co-President

CoreCommodity Indexes, LLC

Management Company

 

 

Holding Company

 

Index Licensor

Andrew R. Kaplan Partner, Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Legal Officer & Secretary

Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Legal Officer & Secretary

CoreManagement, LLC

Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Legal Officer & Secretary

CoreCommodity Capital, LLC

Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Legal Officer & Secretary

CoreCommodity Indexes, LLC

Management Company

 

 

Holding Company

 

 

Index Licensor

Todd A. Streichler Managing Director, Finance & Director of Finance

Managing Director, Finance & Director of Finance

CoreCommodity Capital, LLC

Managing Director, Finance & Director of Finance

CoreCommodity Indexes, LLC

Holding Company

 

Index Licensor

Michael S. Kaplan Managing Director, Operations & Director of Operations

Managing Director, Operations & Director of Operations CoreCommodity Capital

Managing Director, Operations & Director of Operations CoreCommodity Indexes, LLC

Holding Company

 

Index Licensor

Michael S. Sheehy Senior Vice President & Chief Compliance Officer

Senior Vice President & Chief Compliance Officer

CoreCommodity Capital, LLC

Senior Vice President & Chief Compliance Officer

CoreCommodity Indexes, LLC

Holding Company

 

Index Licensor

*The principal business address for each of the CoreCommodity Management, LLC representatives is: 680 Washington Boulevard, 11th Floor, Stamford, Connecticut 06901.

 

 

RIVERFRONT INVESTMENT GROUP, LLC

 

Name*

Position with RiverFront Investment Group, LLC

Other Business

Connections

Type of

Business

Rod Smyth Director of Investments

Virginia Retirement System (VRS) – Chairman, Investment Advisory Committee

Deep Run Hunt Club: Joint Master of Foxhounds of Deep Run Hunt Club

1804 Grove Avenue: LLC set up to hold rental property. Compensation received from rental income

Financial Services

 

Private organization

 

Private LLC

Doug Sandler, CFA Global Strategist Consultant to Trolley Fund: Trolley Fund is a private fund that will invest/provide capital for private small start-up companies (no public entities) in the Richmond area, Doug is part of an advisory committee that will provide advice to the owners/management of the businesses that the fund is invested in. Private Fund

 

 

Peter J. Quinn, Jr. President & Chief Executive Officer Mr. Mac Foundation Private Non-profit organization
Karrie Southall, CIPM Chief Operating Officer

Women in ETFs- Co-Head of Global Finance and Operations Committee and Co-Treasurer for the Global Governance Board and WE Inc.

St. Catherine’s School Alumni Board

Non-profit industry organization

 

Private School

Timothy Anderson, CFA Global Fixed Income CIO None N/A
Julie Gibbs Chief Compliance Officer NA N/A
Adam Grossman, CFA Global Equity CIO Board of Directors - Redeemer Lutheran Church Non profit organization
William Ryder, CFA, CMT Director of Quantitative Market Strategy None N/A
Chris Konstantinos, CFA Chief Investment Strategist

Memorial Fund Board Treasurer. Board reviews the investment policy and investment strategy of the endowment for Children's Home Society, a non-profit charity in central VA that attempts to permanently place at risk children in loving homes.

Glowkon Properties, LLC – private company for real estate rental properties

Non profit organization

 

Private LCC

Kevin Nicholson, CFA Chief Market Strategist, COO RiverShares Division

Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Foundation/Investment Committee Member-Review 3rd party money manager performance and style as a member of the investment committee.

Mega Mentors/ Assistant Treasurer/Development Committee Member-Track financials and assists with finding new funding sources.

Non profit organization

 

Non profit organization

Deva Meenakshisundaram, FRM Chief of Quantitative Analytics None NA
Rebecca Felton Chief Risk Officer None N/A
Rob Glownia, CFA CPA Fixed Income Portfolio Manager

Board member for The Richmond Community ToolBank

ETF. Com Awards Selection Committee

Non profit organization

Scott Hays Quantitative Portfolio Manager Magnolia Realty Solutions Private LLE
*The principal business address for each of the RiverFront representatives is: 1214 East Cary Street, Richmond, VA 23219.

 

 

Kotak MAhindra ASSET MANAGEMENT (SINGAPORE) PTE Ltd.

EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS

 

Name*

Position with Kotak-Mahindra Other Business Connections

Type of Business

Nitin Jain Director & CEO,  Kotak Mahindra Asset Management (Singapore) Pte Ltd. Not Applicable Not Applicable
*The principal business address for Kotak Mahindra Asset Management (Singapore) Pte Ltd. is:  16 Raffles Quay, #35-02 Hong Leong Building, Singapore 048581.

 

DISCIPLINED GROWTH INVESTORS INC.

 

Name*

Position with Disciplined

Investors, Inc.

Other Business Connections Type of Business
Fred Martin Director and President

Compass Investors LP – Special Limited Partner

 

Navigator Investors, LP – Managing General Partner

 

Inspired Investment Leadership – President

Financial Services

 

Financial Services

 

Foundation

Rob Nicoski Lead Portfolio Manager None N/A
Scott Link Lead Portfolio Manager None N/A
*The principal business address for each of Disciplined Growth Investors, Inc. representatives is:  Fifth Street Towers, Suite 2550, 150 South Fifth Street, Minneapolis, MN 55402.

 

 

GRANDEUR PEAK GLOBAL ADVISORS, LLC

 

Name*

Position with Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC

Other Business

Connections

Type of 

Business

Robert Thatcher Gardiner Chairman, Director

Manager

Gardiner Investments, LLC

4247 Camille St.

Salt Lake City, UT 84124

 

Director (“Board of Managers”)

Gardiner Properties, LLC
1075 East 2100 South
Salt Lake City, Utah 84106 

 

Director

Animal Reference Pathology

525 E 4500 S #200

Salt Lake City, UT 84107

Investment holding company

  

 

 

Real estate development company

 

 

 

Veterinary lab testing

Blake Harold Walker Chief Executive Officer, Director

Chairman, Director

Rondure Global Advisors, LLC 

136 S Main St, Suite 720

Salt Lake City, UT 84101

Registered Investment Adviser
Eric W. Huefner President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Compliance Officer, Director

Chief Compliance Officer, Director

Rondure Global Advisors, LLC

136 S Main St, Suite 720

Salt Lake City, UT 84101

Registered Investment Adviser

*The principal business address for each of Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC representatives is: 136 S. Main Street, Suite 720, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101.

 

HIGHLAND ASSOCIATES, INC.

 

Name*

Position with Highland Associates, Inc.

Other Business

Connections

Type of

Business

Jack W. Echols, III President & Chief Executive Officer N/A N/A
R. Scott Graham Chief Investment Officer, Managing Director N/A N/A
Michael T. Lytle Managing Director N/A N/A
Paige B. Daniel Managing Director N/A N/A
Hunter W. Craig Director of Manager Research N/A N/A

*The principal business address for each of the Highland Associates, Inc. representatives is: 2545 Highland Ave. South, Suite 200 Birmingham, AL 35205-2478.

 

 

SEAFARER CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC

 

Name*

Position with Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC

Other Business

Connections

Type of

Business

Nicholas Borst

Vice President and Director of China Research

N/A N/A
Chris Clayton Director of Trading N/A N/A
Daniel Duncan Managing Director, Business Development and Client Services N/A N/A

Paul Espinosa

Portfolio Manager N/A N/A
Andrew Foster

Chief Investment Officer, Portfolio Manager

N/A N/A

Michelle Foster

Chief Executive Officer, President N/A N/A
Kate Jaquet Co-Portfolio Manager N/A N/A
Kevin Lammert Chief Financial Officer N/A N/A

David Lenik

Chief Compliance Officer N/A N/A

Paul Espinosa

Portfolio Manager N/A N/A
Alex Lusherovich Managing Director, Trading and Operations N/A N/A
Inbok Song Portfolio Manager, Director of Research, and Chief Data Scientist N/A N/A
*The principal business address for each of the Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC representatives is 1100 Larkspur Landing Circle, Suite 375, Larkspur, CA 94939.

 

EMERALD MUTUAL FUNDS ADVISERS TRUST

 

Name*

Position with Emerald Mutual Funds

Advisers Trust

Other Business

Connections

Type of

Business

Kenneth Mertz

President, Chief Investment Officer and Portfolio Manager

President, Portfolio Manager (since 1/1/92)

Emerald Advisers, LLC.

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

 

Portfolio Manager

Emerald Separate Account Management, LLC

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

Investment adviser

 

 

 

 

Investment adviser

 

 

Name*

Position with Emerald Mutual Funds

Advisers Trust

Other Business

Connections

Type of

Business

Daniel Moyer

Executive Vice President

Executive Vice President, Managing Director (since 10/1/1992) and Assistant Secretary

Emerald Advisers, LLC.

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

 

Managing Director (since 8/7/2009), Secretary and Treasurer

Emerald Separate Account Management, LLC

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

 

Executive Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer

Emerald Asset Management PA, LLC.

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

 

Executive Vice President

Emerald Direct Lending Advisers, LLC

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

Investment adviser

 

 

 

 

 

Investment adviser

 

 

 

 

Holding company

 

 

 

 

Investment adviser

James Meehan

Chief Compliance Officer

Chief Compliance Officer (since 5/1/2009)

Emerald Advisers, LLC.

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

 

Chief Compliance Officer (since 8/7/2009)

Emerald Separate Account Management, LLC

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

 

Chief Compliance Officer (since 9/30/2015)

EmStone Advisers, LLC

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

Investment adviser

 

 

 

 

Investment adviser

 

 

 

 

Investment adviser

 

 

Name*

Position with Emerald Mutual Funds

Advisers Trust

Other Business

Connections

Type of

Business

Stacy Sears

Senior Vice President, Secretary and Portfolio Manager

Senior Vice President, Portfolio Manager (since 10/1/1992)

Emerald Advisers, LLC.

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

Investment adviser

Steven Russell, Esq.

Portfolio Manager, Emerald Banking and Finance Fund

Senior Research Analyst,

Emerald Advisers, LLC.

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

 

Portfolio Manager

Emerald Direct Lending Advisers, LLC

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

 

Portfolio Manager

EmStone Advisers, LLC

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

 

Portfolio Manager

Emerald Separate Account Management, LLC

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

Investment adviser

 

 

 

 

Investment adviser

 

 

 

 

Investment adviser

 

 

 

 

Investment adviser

Joseph Garner

Senior Vice President, Portfolio Manager, Emerald Growth Fund

 

Associate Portfolio Manager,

Emerald Insights Fund

Vice President

Emerald Advisers, LLC.

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

 

Assistant Secretary

Emerald Asset Management, Inc.

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

Investment adviser

 

 

 

 

Holding company

David Volpe, CFA

Portfolio Manager,

Emerald Insights Fund

Deputy Chief Investment Officer, Portfolio Manager, Managing Director

Emerald Advisers, LLC.

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

Investment adviser

Stephen Amsterdam

Associate Portfolio Manager,

Emerald Insights Fund

Senior Research Analyst, Associate Portfolio Manager

Emerald Advisers, LLC.

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

Investment adviser

 

 

Name*

Position with Emerald Mutual Funds

Advisers Trust

Other Business

Connections

Type of

Business

Joseph Hovorka

Associate Portfolio Manager,

Emerald Insights Fund

Senior Research Analyst, Associate Portfolio Manager

Emerald Advisers, LLC

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

Investment adviser

Ori Elan Portfolio Manager, Emerald Small Cap Value Fund

Portfolio Manager

Emerald Advisers, LLC.

3175 Oregon Pike

Leola, PA 17540

Investment adviser

*The principal business address for each of the Emerald Mutual Funds Advisers Trust representatives is 3175 Oregon Pike, Leola, PA 17540.

 

INCLINE GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC

 

Name*

Position with Metis Global Partners, LLC

Other Business

Connections

Type of

Business

Jeff Lignelli Founder, CEO and Portfolio Manager N/A N/A

*The principal business address for each of the principal executive officers is 40 West 57th Street, Suite 1430, New York, New York 10019.

 

RONDURE GLOBAL ADVISORS, LLC

 

Name*

Position with Rondure Global Advisors, LLC

Other Business

Connections

Type of

Business

Laura Geritz CEO, Director None N/A
Eric W. Huefner CCO, Director

President, COO, CCO, Director Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC

136 S. Main Street, Suite 720

Salt Lake City, Utah 84101

Registered Investment Adviser
Blake Harrold Walker Chairman, Director

CEO, Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC

136 S. Main Street, Suite 720

Salt Lake City, Utah 84101

Registered Investment Adviser
*The principal business address for each of the Rondure Global Advisors, LLC representatives is:136 S. Main Street, Suite 720, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101.

 

 

CHATHAM ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC

 

Name*

Position with Chatham Asset Management, LLC

Other Business

Connections

Type of

Business

Anthony Melchiorre Founder, Partner, Chief Investment Officer and Portfolio Manager N/A N/A
Kevin O’Malley Partner and Portfolio Manager N/A N/A
Evan Ratner Partner, Portfolio Manager and Director of Research N/A N/A
Barry Schwartz Partner and Senior Analyst N/A N/A
Feisai Alibhai Partner and Senior Analyst N/A N/A
Jim Ruggerio Partner and Chief Financial Officer/Chief Compliance Officer N/A N/A
*The principal business address for each of the principal executive officers is 26 Main Street, Suite 204, Chatham, New Jersey 07928.

1.While the partners are not involved in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature, we note that several of the partners do have outside business interests that are passive in nature.

2.Several of the partners sit on the board of local charities (e.g. local religious, local hospital, for example.)

3.All outside activities must be pre-cleared by the Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) at Chatham.

4.Neither the passive business interests nor the board seats alters in any way the ability of the partners to focus on the management of the fund.  All partners devote the overwhelming amount of their time, attention and commitment to the business of Chatham Asset Management.

 

SMITH CAPITAL INVESTORS, LLC

 

Name*

Position with Smith

Capital Investors, LLC

Other Business

Connections

Type of

Business

R. Gibson Smith Manager None N/A
Roberta O. Tucker Investor None N/A
Scott T. Carlson Investor None N/A
Kevin A. Branan CCO None N/A
*The principal business address for each of the Smith Capital Investors, LLC representatives is: 8 Alexander Lane, Greenwood Village, Colorado 80121.

 

PARAMETRIC PORTFOLIO ASSOCIATES

 

Name*

Position with Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC

Other Business

Connections

Type of

Business

 Jack L. Hansen  Chief Investment Officer  ZaZove Convertible
Securities Fund, Inc.
 Registered investment company
*

The principal business address for each of the Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC representatives is: Minneapolis Office, 3600 Minnesota Drive, Suite 325, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55435.

 

 

 

Item 32. Principal Underwriters.

 

(j)ALPS Distributors, Inc. acts as the distributor for the Registrant and the following investment companies: 1WS Credit Income Fund, 1290 Funds, Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs, ALPS Series Trust, The Arbitrage Funds, AQR Funds, Axonic Alternative Income Fund, Barings Funds Trust, BBH Trust, Bluerock Total Income + Real Estate Fund, Brandes Investment Trust, Bridge Builder Trust, Broadstone Real Estate Access Fund, Broadview Funds Trust, Brown Advisory Funds, Brown Capital Management Mutual Funds, CC Real Estate Income Fund, Centre Funds, CION Ares Diversified Credit Fund, Columbia ETF Trust, Columbia ETF Trust I, Columbia ETF Trust II, CRM Mutual Fund Trust, CSOP ETF Trust, Cullen Funds Trust, DBX ETF Trust, Flat Rock Opportunity Fund, Firsthand Funds, FS Credit Income Fund, FS Energy Total Return Fund, FS Series Trust, Goehring & Rozencwajg Investment Funds, Goldman Sachs ETF Trust, Griffin Institutional Access Credit Fund, Griffin Institutional Access Real Estate Fund, Hartford Funds Exchange-Traded Trust, Hartford Funds NextShares Trust, Harvest Volatility Edge Trust, Heartland Group, Inc., Henssler Funds, Inc., Holland Series Fund, Inc., Index Funds, IndexIQ Active ETF Trust, Index IQ ETF Trust, Infusive US Trust, IVY NextShares Trust, James Advantage Funds, Janus Detroit Street Trust, Lattice Strategies Trust, Litman Gregory Funds Trust, Longleaf Partners Funds Trust, M3Sixty Funds Trust, Mairs & Power Funds Trust, Meridian Fund, Inc., Natixis ETF Trust, Pax World Series Trust I, Pax World Funds Trust III, Principal Exchange-Traded Funds, Reality Shares ETF Trust, Resource Credit Income Fund, Resource Real Estate Diversified Income Fund, RiverNorth Funds, Segall Bryant & Hamill Trust, Sierra Total Return Fund, Smead Funds Trust, SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Trust, SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust, SPDR S&P MidCap 400 ETF Trust, Sprott ETF Trust, Stadion Investment Trust, Stone Harbor Investment Funds, Stone Ridge Trust, Stone Ridge Trust II, Stone Ridge Trust III, Stone Ridge Trust IV, Stone Ridge Trust V, USCF ETF Trust, Wasatch Funds, WesMark Funds, Wilmington Funds and XAI Octagon Credit Trust.

 

ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc. acts as the distributor for the Registrant and the following investment companies: ALPS ETF Trust, ALPS Variable Investment Trust, Clough Funds Trust and Select Sector SPDR Trust.

 

(b) To the best of Registrant’s knowledge, the directors and executive officers of ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc., are as follows:

 

Name* Position with Underwriter Positions with Fund
Bradley J. Swenson Senior Vice President See Trustee and Officer Table in SAI
Robert J. Szydlowski Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer None
Patrick J. Pedonti** Vice President, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary None
Eric Parsons Vice President, Controller and Assistant Treasurer None

 

 

Joseph J. Frank** Secretary None
Douglas W. Fleming** Assistant Treasurer None
Richard C. Noyes Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Assistant Secretary None
Steven Price Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer None
Daniel Dolan Senior Vice President None
Kevin J. Ireland Senior Vice President None
Mark R. Kiniry Senior Vice President None
Liza Orr Vice President, Senior Counsel None
Jed Stahl Vice President, Senior Counsel None
Josh Eihausen Vice President, Associate Senior Counsel None
Terence Digan Vice President None
James Stegall Vice President None
Gary Ross Senior Vice President None
Hilary Quinn Vice President None
Jennifer Craig Assistant Vice President None

*Except as otherwise noted, the principal business address for each of the above directors and executive officers is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203.

**The principal business address for Messrs. Frank, Pedonti and Fleming is 333 W. 11th Street, 5th Floor, Kansas City, Missouri 64105.

 

To the best of Registrant’s knowledge, the directors and executive officers of ALPS Distributors, Inc., are as follows:

 

Name* Position with Underwriter Positions with Fund
Bradley J. Swenson Senior Vice President, Chief Operating Officer See Trustee and Officer Table in SAI
Robert J. Szydlowski Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer None
Steven Price Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer None
Eric T. Parsons Vice President, Controller and Assistant Treasurer None
Joseph J. Frank** Secretary None
Patrick J. Pedonti** Vice President, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary None

 

 

Richard C. Noyes Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Assistant Secretary None
Douglas W. Fleming** Assistant Treasurer None
Liza Orr Vice President, Senior Counsel None
Jed Stahl Vice President, Senior Counsel None
Josh Eihausen Vice President, Associate Senior Counsel None
James Stegall Vice President, Institutional Sales Manager None
Gary Ross Senior Vice President None
Kevin Ireland Senior Vice President None
Mark Kiniry Senior Vice President None
Stephen J. Kyllo Vice President, Deputy Chief Compliance Officer None
Hilary Quinn Vice President None
Jennifer Craig Assistant Vice President See Trustee and Officer Table in SAI
*Except as otherwise noted, the principal business address for each of the above directors and executive officers is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203.

**The principal business address for Messrs. Frank, Pedonti and Fleming is 333 W. 11th Street, 5th Floor, Kansas City, Missouri 64105.

 

(c)Not applicable.

 

Item 33.Location of Accounts and Records.

 

All accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules thereunder are maintained at the following offices: (1) ALPS Distributors, Inc. and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc., 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado 80203; (2) ALPS Advisors, Inc., 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado 80203; (3) Red Rocks Capital LLC, 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado 80203; (4) Wellington Management Company, LLP, 75 State Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109; (5) Clough Capital Partners LP, One Post Office Square, 40th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02109; (6) Vulcan Value Partners, LLC, 2801 Highway 280 South, Suite 300, Birmingham, AL 35223; (7) CoreCommodity Management, LLC, The Metro Center, One Station Place, 3N, Stamford, Connecticut 06902; (8) RiverFront Investment Group, LLC, 1214 East Cary Street, Richmond, VA 23219; and (9) Kotak Mahindra Asset Management (Singapore) Pte Ltd. is: 16 Raffles Quay, #35-02 Hong Leong Building, Singapore 048581; (10) Disciplined Growth Investors, Inc., Fifth Street Towers, Suite 2550, 150 South Fifth Street, Minneapolis, MN 55402; (11) Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC, 136 S. Main Street, Suite 720, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101; (12) Highland Associates, Inc., 2545 Highland Ave. South, Suite 200 Birmingham, AL 35205-2478; (13) Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC, 700 Larkspur Landing Circle, Suite #105, Larkspur, CA 94939; (14) Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust, 3175 Oregon Pike, Leola, PA 17540; (15) Incline Global Management, LLC, 40 West 57th Street, Suite 1430, New York, New York 10019, (16) Rondure Global Advisors LLC, 136 S. Main Street, Suite 720, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101, (17) Chatham Asset Management, LLC, 26 Main Street, Suite 204, Chatham, New Jersey 07928, (18) Incline Global Management, LLC, 40 West 57th Street, Suite 1430, New York, New York 10019, (19) Smith Capital Investors, LLC, 8 Alexander Lane, Greenwood Village, CO 80121, (20) Liberty Cove LLC, 1 International Place, Suite 1400, Boston MA 02110 and (21) Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC, Minneapolis Office, 3600 Minnesota Drive, Suite 325, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55435.

 

 

Item 34.Management Services.

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 35.Undertakings.

 

Not applicable.

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant certifies that it meets all the requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement pursuant to rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 230, of its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Denver, and State of Colorado, on August 28, 2019.

 

  FINANCIAL INVESTORS TRUST  
  (Registrant)  
       
  By: /s/ Bradley J. Swenson  
    Bradley J. Swenson  
    President  

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature   Title   Date
         
/s/ Edmund J. Burke   Trustee   August  28, 2019
Edmund J. Burke**        
         
/s/ Jeremy W. Deems   Trustee   August 28, 2019
Jeremy W. Deems*        
         
/s/ Mary K. Anstine   Chairman and Trustee   August 28, 2019
Mary K. Anstine*        
         
/s/ Jerry G. Rutledge   Trustee   August 28, 2019
Jerry G. Rutledge*        
         
/s/ Michael “Ross” Shell   Trustee   August 28, 2019
Michael “Ross” Shell*        
         

/s/ Bradley J. Swenson

  President, Principal Executive Officer   August 28, 2019
Bradley J. Swenson        
         

/s/ Kimberly R. Storms

  Treasurer, Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer   August 28, 2019
Kimberly R. Storms        

 

 

*Signature affixed by Karen Gilomen pursuant to a power of attorney dated December 13, 2016 filed on December 27, 2016.

**Signature affixed by Karen Gilomen pursuant to a power of attorney dated June 26, 2019 filed on June 28, 2019.

 

 

 

Exhibits

 

(d)(26) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement dated August 1, 2019 among the Registrant, Highland Associates, Inc. and Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund)
(h)(105) Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated August 5, 2019 between Registrant and Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC with respect to the Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Emerging Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and Grandeur Peak Global Micro Cap Fund.
(h)(106) Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated August 15, 2019 between Registrant and Highland Associates, Inc. with respect to the Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund).
(h)(107) Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated June 12, 2019 between Registrant and Seafarer Capital Partners, LLC with respect to the Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund and Seafarer Overseas Value Fund.
(h)(108) Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated October 1, 2018 between Registrant and Emerald Mutual Fund Advisers Trust with respect to the Emerald Growth Fund, Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, Emerald Insights Fund and Emerald Small Cap Value Fund.
(h)(109) Fee Waiver Letter Agreement dated June 12, 2019 between Registrant and Rondure Global Advisors LLC with respect to the Rondure New World Fund and Rondure Overseas Fund.
(i)(2) Opinion of Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP, counsel to Registrant, with respect to the Vulcan Value Partners Fund, Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund, The Disciplined Growth Investors Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund, Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and Grandeur Peak Micro Cap Fund, Highland Resolute Fund (f/k/a Redmont Resolute Fund ), Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income Fund, Seafarer Overseas Value Fund, Emerald Banking and Finance Fund, Emerald Growth Fund, Emerald Insights Fund, Emerald Small Cap Value Fund, Rondure Overseas Fund and Rondure New World Fund.
(j)(2) Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, as Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, with respect to Vulcan Value Partners Fund, Vulcan Value Partners Small Cap Fund, The Disciplined Growth Investors, Grandeur Peak Global Opportunities, Grandeur Peak International Opportunities, Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund, Grandeur Peak Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund, Grandeur Peak Global Stalwarts Fund, Grandeur Peak International Stalwarts Fund and Grandeur Peak Micro Cap Fund, Redmont Resolute Fund (f/k/a Highland Resolute Fund), Seafarer Overseas Growth and Income, Seafarer Overseas Value Fund, Emerald Banking and Finance, Emerald Growth Fund, Emerald Insights Fund,  Emerald Small Cap Value Fund, Rondure New World Fund and Rondure Overseas Fund.

 

 

(p)(2) Code of Ethics for ALPS Holdings, Inc. (includes ALPS Advisors, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc. and Red Rocks Capital LLC, each a subsidiary of ALPS Holdings, Inc.) revised as of December 1, 2018.
(p)(18) Code of Ethics for Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC.