UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington D.C. 20549  

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-11302

KeyCorp

Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter:

Ohio	34-6542451
State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization:	I.R.S. Employer Identification Number:

127 Public Square,	Cleveland,	Ohio	44114-1306
Address of principal executive offices:			Zip Code:

(216) 689-3000

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, $1 par value	KEY	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of Fixed-to-Floating Rate	KEY PrI	New York Stock Exchange
Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E)
Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of Fixed Rate Perpetual Non-	KEY PrJ	New York Stock Exchange
Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series F)
Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of Fixed Rate Perpetual Non-	KEY PrK	New York Stock Exchange
Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series G)
Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of Fixed Rate Reset Perpetual Non-	KEY PrL	New York Stock Exchange
Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series H)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐	Non-accelerated filer	☐
Smaller reporting company	☐	Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Common Shares with a par value of $1 each	942,860,462 shares
Title of class	Outstanding at April 29, 2024

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KEYCORP

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

		Page Number
Item 1.	Financial Statements	50
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	50
	Consolidated Statements of Income	51
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	52
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity	53
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	54
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	55
	Note 1.    Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies	55
	Note 2.    Earnings Per Common Share	55
	Note 3.    Loan Portfolio	56
	Note 4.    Asset Quality	57
	Note 5.    Fair Value Measurements	67
	Note 6.    Securities	72
	Note 7.    Derivatives and Hedging Activities	74
	Note 8.    Mortgage Servicing Assets	78
	Note 9.    Leases	80
	Note 10. Goodwill	80
	Note 11.  Variable Interest Entities	81
	Note 12.  Income Taxes	82
	Note 13.  Acquisitions and Discontinued Operations	83
	Note 14.  Securities Financing Activities	83
	Note 15.  Employee Benefits	84
	Note 16.  Trust Preferred Securities Issued by Unconsolidated Subsidiaries	84
	Note 17.  Contingent Liabilities and Guarantees	85
	Note 18.  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	86
	Note 19.  Shareholders’ Equity	87
	Note 20.  Business Segment Reporting	88
	Note 21. Revenue from Contracts with Customers	89
	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42)	90

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Item 2.	Management’s Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition & Results of Operations	4
	Introduction	4
	Terminology	4
	Forward-looking statements	5
	Long-term financial targets	7
	Strategic developments	8
	Demographics	8
	Supervision and regulation	9
	Results of Operations	14
	Earnings overview	14
	Net interest income	14
	Provision for credit losses	17
	Noninterest income	17
	Noninterest expense	19
	Income taxes	21
	Business Segment Results	21
	Consumer Bank	21
	Commercial Bank	22
	Financial Condition	23
	Loans and loans held for sale	24
	Securities	29
	Deposits and other sources of funds	31
	Capital	32
	Risk Management	35
	Overview	35
	Market risk management	35
	Liquidity risk management	39
	Credit risk management	42
	Operational and compliance risk management	45
	GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations	46
	Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates	47
	Accounting and Reporting Developments	49
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk	91
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	91

	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	91
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	91
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	91
Item 5.	Other Information	92
Item 6.	Exhibits	93
	Signature	94

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 2.    Management’s Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition & Results of Operations

Introduction

This section reviews the financial condition and results of operations of KeyCorp and its subsidiaries for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2024, and March 31, 2023. Some tables may include additional periods to comply with disclosure requirements or to illustrate trends in greater depth. When you read this discussion, you should also refer to the consolidated financial statements and related notes in this report. The page locations of specific sections and notes that we refer to are presented in the Table of Contents.

References to our “2023 Form 10-K” refer to our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which has been filed with the SEC and is available on its website (www.sec.gov) and on our website (www.key.com/ir).

Terminology

Throughout this discussion, references to “Key,” “we,” “our,” “us,” and similar terms refer to the consolidated entity consisting of KeyCorp and its subsidiaries. “KeyCorp” refers solely to the parent holding company, and “KeyBank” refers solely to KeyCorp’s subsidiary bank, KeyBank National Association. “KeyBank (consolidated)” refers to the consolidated entity consisting of KeyBank and its subsidiaries.

We want to explain some industry-specific terms at the outset so you can better understand the discussion that follows.

•We use the phrase continuing operations in this document to mean all of our businesses other than our government-guaranteed and private education lending business, which are accounted for as discontinued operations.

•We engage in capital markets activities primarily through business conducted by our Commercial Bank segment. These activities encompass a variety of products and services. Among other things, we trade securities as a dealer, enter into derivative contracts (both to accommodate clients’ financing needs and to mitigate certain risks), and conduct transactions in foreign currencies (to accommodate clients’ needs).

•For regulatory purposes, capital is divided into two classes. Federal regulations currently prescribe that at least one-half of a bank or BHC’s total risk-based capital must qualify as Tier 1 capital. Both total and Tier 1 capital serve as bases for several measures of capital adequacy, which is an important indicator of financial stability and condition. Banking regulators evaluate a component of Tier 1 capital, known as Common Equity Tier 1, under the Regulatory Capital Rules. The “Capital” section of this report under the heading “Capital adequacy” provides more information on total capital, Tier 1 capital, and the Regulatory Capital Rules, including Common Equity Tier 1, and describes how these measures are calculated.

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The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used in the Management’s Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition & Results of Operations as well as in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited). You may find it helpful to refer back to this page as you read this report.

ABO: Accumulated benefit obligation. ALCO: Asset/Liability Management Committee. ALLL: Allowance for loan and lease losses. A/LM: Asset/liability management. AML: Anti-money laundering. AOCI: Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). APBO: Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation. ARRC: Alternative Reference Rates Committee. ASC: Accounting Standards Codification. ASR: Accelerated share repurchase. ASU: Accounting Standards Update. ATMs: Automated teller machines. BSA: Bank Secrecy Act. BHCA: Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. BHCs: Bank holding companies. Board: KeyCorp Board of Directors. CAPM: Capital Asset Pricing Model. CARES Act: Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. CCAR: Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review. CECL: Current Expected Credit Losses. CFPB: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, also known as the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection. CFTC: Commodities Futures Trading Commission. CMBS: Commercial mortgage-backed securities. CMO: Collateralized mortgage obligation. Common Shares: KeyCorp common shares, $1 par value. CVA: Credit valuation adjustment. DCF: Discounted cash flow. DIF: Deposit Insurance Fund of the FDIC. Dodd-Frank Act: Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010. EAD: Exposure at default. EBITDA: Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. EPS: Earnings per share. ERISA: Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. ERM: Enterprise risk management. ESG: Environmental, social, and governance. EVE: Economic value of equity. FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board. FDIA: Federal Deposit Insurance Act, as amended. FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Federal Reserve: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. FHLB: Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati. FHLMC: Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. FICO: Fair Isaac Corporation. FINRA: Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. First Niagara: First Niagara Financial Group, Inc. FNMA: Federal National Mortgage Association. FSOC: Financial Stability Oversight Council.


FVA: Fair value of employee benefit plan assets. GAAP: U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. GNMA: Government National Mortgage Association. HTC: Historic tax credit. IDI: Insured depository institution. IRS: Internal Revenue Service. ISDA: International Swaps and Derivatives Association. KBCM: KeyBanc Capital Markets, Inc. KCC: Key Capital Corporation. KCDC: Key Community Development Corporation. KCIC: Key Community Investment Capital LLC. KEF: Key Equipment Finance. LCR: Liquidity coverage ratio. LGD: Loss given default. LIBOR: London Interbank Offered Rate. LIHTC: Low-income housing tax credit. LTV: Loan-to-value. Moody’s: Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. MRM: Market Risk Management group. MRC: Market Risk Committee. N/A: Not applicable. NAV: Net asset value. NFA: National Futures Association. N/M: Not meaningful. NMTC: New market tax credit. NPR: Notice of proposed rulemaking. NSF: Non-sufficient funds. NYSE: New York Stock Exchange. OCC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. OCI: Other comprehensive income (loss). OREO: Other real estate owned. PBO: Projected benefit obligation. PCCR: Purchased credit card relationship. PCD: Purchased credit deteriorated. PD: Probability of default. PPP: Paycheck Protection Program. RMBS: Residential mortgage-backed securities. S&P: Standard and Poor’s Ratings Services, a Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. SEC: U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission. SIFIs: Systemically important financial institutions, including large, interconnected BHCs and nonbank financial companies designated by FSOC for supervision by the Federal Reserve. SOFR: Secured Overnight Financing Rate. TDR: Troubled debt restructuring. TE: Taxable-equivalent. TROC: Treasury Risk Oversight Committee. U.S. Treasury: United States Department of the Treasury. VaR: Value at risk. VEBA: Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association. VIE: Variable interest entity.

Forward-looking Statements

From time to time, we have made or will make forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements usually can be identified by the use of words such as “goal,” “objective,” “plan,” “expect,” “assume,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “project,” “believe,” “estimate,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” or other words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events, circumstances, results or aspirations. Our disclosures in this report contain forward-looking statements. We may also make forward-looking statements in other documents filed with or furnished to the SEC. In addition, we may make forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others.

Forward-looking statements, by their nature, are subject to assumptions, risks, and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results may differ materially from those set forth in our forward-looking statements.

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There is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete. In addition, no assurance can be given that any plan, initiative, projection, goal, commitment, expectation, or prospect set forth in this report can or will be achieved. Factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those described in forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

•our concentrated credit exposure in commercial and industrial loans;

•deterioration of commercial real estate market fundamentals;

•defaults by our loan clients or counterparties;

•adverse changes in credit quality trends;

•declining asset prices;

•geopolitical destabilization;

•deterioration of asset quality and an increase in credit losses;

•labor shortages and supply chain constraints, as well as the impact of inflation;

•the extensive regulation of the U.S. financial services industry;

•complex and evolving laws and regulations regarding privacy and cybersecurity;

•changes in accounting policies, standards, and interpretations;

•operational or risk management failures by us or critical third parties;

•breaches of security or failures of our technology systems due to technological or other factors and cybersecurity threats;

•negative outcomes from claims, litigation, investigations, or governmental proceedings;

•failure or circumvention of our controls and procedures;

•the occurrence of natural disasters, which may be exacerbated by climate change;

•societal responses to climate change;

•increased operational risks resulting from remote work;

•evolving capital and liquidity standards under applicable regulatory rules;

•disruption of the U.S. financial system, including the impact of inflation and a potential global economic downturn or recession;

•our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries, including KeyBank;

•unanticipated changes in our liquidity position, including but not limited to, changes in our access to or the cost of funding and our ability to secure alternative funding sources;

•downgrades in our credit ratings or those of KeyBank;

•a worsening of the U.S. economy due to financial, political or other shocks;

•our ability to anticipate interest rate changes and manage interest rate risk;

•deterioration of economic conditions in the geographic regions where we operate;

•the soundness of other financial institutions, including instability in the financial industry;

•impairment of goodwill;

•our ability to manage our reputational risks, including ESG-related risks;

•our ability to timely and effectively implement our strategic initiatives;

•increased competitive pressure;

•our ability to adapt our products and services to industry standards and consumer preferences;

•our ability to attract and retain talented executives and employees;

•unanticipated adverse effects of strategic partnerships or acquisitions and dispositions of assets or businesses; and

•our ability to develop and effectively use the quantitative models we rely upon in our business planning.

Any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of subsequent events or circumstances, except as required by applicable securities laws. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider all risks and uncertainties disclosed in our 2023 Form 10-K, in Part II, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of this report, and in any subsequent reports filed with the SEC by Key, as well as our registration statements under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, all of which are or will upon filing be accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and on our website at www.key.com/ir.

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Long-term financial targets

(a)See the section entitled “GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations,” which presents the computations of certain financial measures related to “cash efficiency.” The section includes tables that reconcile the GAAP performance measures to the corresponding non-GAAP measures, which provides a basis for period-to-period comparisons.

(a)See the section entitled “GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations,” which presents the computations of certain financial measures related to “tangible common equity.” The section includes tables that reconcile the GAAP performance measures to the corresponding non-GAAP measures, which provides a basis for period-to-period comparisons.

Positive Operating Leverage

Generate positive operating leverage and a cash efficiency ratio in the range of 54% to 56%.

For the first quarter of 2024, both our operating leverage and our cash efficiency ratio compared to the year-ago period were impacted by an expected decrease in net interest income stemming from lower loan balances and higher funding costs. This decrease was slightly offset by an increase in noninterest income primarily due to a record first quarter performance in investment banking. Positive operating leverage remains a long-term financial target.

Moderate Risk Profile

Maintain a moderate risk profile by targeting a net loan charge-offs to average loans ratio in the range of .40% to .60% through a credit cycle.

Our net charge-offs to average loans ratio remains near historically low levels and continues to reflect our proven underwrite-to-distribute model. We believe our strong risk management practices will allow us to continue supporting our clients, while maintaining our moderate risk profile, and will position Key to perform well through all business cycles.

Financial Return

A return on average tangible common equity in the range of 16% to 19%.

We remain focused on efforts to deliver sound profitable growth and value for our stakeholders. At the end of the first quarter, our CET1 ratio improved to 10.27% and our tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio held steady at 5.04%, despite the impact of increased rates, reflecting the work we have done to improve balance sheet resiliency to changes in interest rates, up or down.

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Strategic developments

Our actions and results during the first quarter of 2024 support our corporate strategy described in the “Introduction” section under the “Corporate strategy” heading on page 50 of our 2023 Form 10-K.

•Our relationship-based business model and our long-term strategic commitment to primacy, that is, serving as our client's primary bank, continues to serve us well, highlighted by 6% year-over-year commercial client growth and 2.5% year-over-year net new relationship household growth.

•Our recent launch of Key Private Client helps us to penetrate a large, growing mass affluent segment within our consumer base and with our commercial business owners. Overall, our Assets Under Management have now surpassed $57 billion.

•We announced a strategic partnership that will help us accelerate growth in our commercial platform, another example of how we are delivering best-in-class execution services for our clients, while concurrently managing risk.

•Our continuous focus on maintaining our risk discipline has and will continue to position us to perform well through all business cycles. Net charge-offs and delinquencies remain low by historical standards.

•We ended the quarter with a Common Equity Tier 1 ratio of 10.3%(a), up approximately 120 basis points from a year ago, representing our fastest rate of organic capital build over a 12-month period since the industry began tracking this metric.

Current year expectations - full year 2024 vs. full year 2023

Category	Expectations
Average loans	down 5% to 7%(b)
Average deposits	flat to down 2%
Net interest income (TE)	down 2% to 5%(b)
Noninterest income	up 5%+
Noninterest expense	relatively stable(c)(d)
Net charge-offs to average loans	30 to 40 basis points (FY2024)
Effective tax rate	~20% (FY2024)

(a) March 31, 2024 capital ratios are estimates

(b)Additional Guidance: End of period loans: relatively stable vs. year-end 2023 balances; Net interest income (TE): Up low-single digits vs. 4Q23 annualized exit rate, 10%+ 4Q24 vs. 4Q23.

(c) Relatively stable: +/- 2%

(d) Noninterest expense guidance excludes the FDIC special assessment of $190 million, efficiency related expenses of $131 million, and a pension settlement charge of $18 million recorded in 2023. The noninterest expense guidance excludes the FDIC special assessment of $29 million in 2024.

Demographics

The Consumer Bank serves individuals and small businesses throughout our 15-state branch footprint and through our Laurel Road digital brand by offering a variety of deposit and investment products, personal finance and financial wellness services, lending, student loan refinancing, mortgage and home equity, credit card, treasury services, and business advisory services. In addition, wealth management and investment services are offered to assist non-profit and high-net-worth clients with their banking, trust, portfolio management, charitable giving, and related needs.

The Commercial Bank consists of the Commercial and Institutional operating segments. The Commercial operating segment is a full-service, commercial banking platform that focuses primarily on serving the borrowing, cash management, and capital markets needs of middle market clients within Key’s 15-state branch footprint. The Institutional operating segment operates nationally in providing lending, equipment financing, and banking products and services to large corporate and institutional clients. The industry coverage and product teams have established expertise in the following sectors: Consumer, Energy, Healthcare, Industrial, Public Sector, Real Estate, and Technology. The Institutional operating segment is also a significant, national, commercial real estate lender and third-party servicer of commercial mortgage loans and special servicer of CMBS. The operating segment also includes the KBCM platform which provides a broad suite of capital markets products and services including syndicated finance, debt and equity capital markets, derivatives, foreign exchange, financial advisory, public finance, commercial payments, equipment finance, and commercial mortgage banking. Additionally, KBCM provides fixed income and equity sales and trading services to investor clients.

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Supervision and regulation

The following discussion provides a summary of recent regulatory developments and should be read in conjunction with the disclosure included in our 2023 Form 10-K under the heading “Supervision and Regulation” in Item 1. Business and under the heading “II. Compliance Risk” in Item 1A. Risk Factors as well as the disclosure included in Part II, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of this report.

Regulatory capital requirements

KeyCorp and KeyBank are subject to regulatory capital requirements that are based largely on the Basel III international capital framework (“Basel III”). The Basel III capital framework and the U.S. implementation of the Basel III capital framework (“Regulatory Capital Rules”) are discussed in more detail in Item 1. Business of our 2023 Form 10-K under the heading “Supervision and Regulation — Regulatory capital requirements.”

Under the Regulatory Capital Rules, standardized approach banking organizations, such as KeyCorp and KeyBank, are required to meet the minimum capital and leverage ratios set forth in Figure 1 below. At March 31, 2024, KeyCorp’s ratios under the fully phased-in Regulatory Capital Rules are set forth in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Minimum Capital Ratios and KeyCorp Ratios Under the Regulatory Capital Rules

Ratios (including stress capital buffer)	Regulatory Minimum Requirement		Stress Capital Buffer (b)		Regulatory Minimum With Stress Capital Buffer		KeyCorp March 31, 2024 (c)
Common Equity Tier 1	4.5	%	2.5	%	7.0	%	10.3	%
Tier 1 Capital	6.0		2.5		8.5		12.0
Total Capital	8.0		2.5		10.5		14.5
Leverage (a)	4.0		N/A		4.0		9.1

(a)As a standardized approach banking organization, KeyCorp is not subject to the 3% supplementary leverage ratio requirement, which became effective January 1, 2018. However, KeyCorp will be subject to the supplementary leverage ratio if proposed revisions to the Regulatory Capital Rules discussed below are adopted.

(b)Stress capital buffer must consist of Common Equity Tier 1 capital. As a standardized approach banking organization, KeyCorp is not subject to the countercyclical capital buffer of up to 2.5% imposed upon an advanced approaches banking organization under the Regulatory Capital Rules. However, KeyCorp will be subject to the countercyclical capital buffer if proposed revisions to the Regulatory Capital Rules discussed below are adopted.

(c)March 31, 2024 ratios are estimated and reflect the five-year transition of CECL impacts on regulatory ratios.

Revised prompt corrective action framework

The federal prompt corrective action (“PCA”) framework under the FDIA groups FDIC-insured depository institutions into one of five prompt corrective action capital categories: “well capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized,” and “critically undercapitalized.” In addition to implementing the Basel III capital framework in the United States, the Regulatory Capital Rules also revised the PCA capital category threshold ratios applicable to FDIC-insured depository institutions such as KeyBank, with an effective date of January 1, 2015. The revised PCA framework table in Figure 2 identifies the capital category thresholds for a “well capitalized” and an “adequately capitalized” institution under the PCA Framework.

Figure 2. "Well Capitalized" and "Adequately Capitalized" Capital Category Ratios under Revised PCA Framework

Prompt Corrective Action	Capital Category
Ratio	Well Capitalized (a)		Adequately Capitalized
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based	6.5	%	4.5	%
Tier 1 Risk-Based	8.0		6.0
Total Risk-Based	10.0		8.0
Tier 1 Leverage (b)	5.0		4.0

(a)A “well capitalized” institution also must not be subject to any written agreement, order, or directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure.

(b)As a “standardized approach” banking organization, KeyBank is not subject to the 3% supplementary leverage ratio requirement, which became effective January 1, 2018. However, KeyCorp will be subject to the supplementary leverage ratio if proposed revisions to the Regulatory Capital Rules discussed below are adopted.

As of March 31, 2024, KeyBank (consolidated) satisfied the risk-based and leverage capital requirements necessary to be considered “well capitalized” for purposes of the PCA framework. However, investors should not regard this determination as a representation of the overall financial condition or prospects of KeyBank because the PCA framework is intended to serve a limited supervisory function. Moreover, it is important to note that the PCA framework does not apply to BHCs, like KeyCorp.

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Recent regulatory capital-related changes

On July 27, 2023, the federal banking agencies issued a proposal (the “Capital Proposal”) that would make significant changes to the Regulatory Capital Rules applicable to banking organizations with total assets of $100 billion or more and their depository institution subsidiaries (“Large Banking Organizations”) (including KeyCorp and KeyBank) and banking organizations with significant trading activity. This proposal would implement the final elements of the Basel III capital framework and make other changes to the Regulatory Capital Rules in response to the bank failures that occurred in 2023. The Capital Proposal would establish a new framework for calculating risk-weighted assets (the “expanded risk-based approach”) that would apply to Large Banking Organizations. The expanded risk-based approach would include a new more risk-sensitive standardized approach for measuring credit risk and operational risk. It would also include new standardized approaches for measuring market risk and credit valuation adjustment risk but would allow the use of internal models for market risk in certain circumstances with regulatory approval. Under the Capital Proposal, a Large Banking Organization would be required to calculate its risk-based capital ratios under both the expanded risk-based approach and the current standardized approach and would use the lower of the two. All capital buffer requirements, including the stress capital buffer requirement, would apply regardless of whether the expanded risk-based approach or the existing standardized approach produces the lower ratio.

The Capital Proposal would also align the calculation of regulatory capital for Category III and IV banking organizations with the calculation of regulatory capital for Category I and II banking organizations. KeyCorp and KeyBank are Category IV banking organizations. Under the proposal, Category III and IV banking organizations would be required to include most components of AOCI, including net unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, in regulatory capital. Category III and IV banking organizations would also be required to apply the same capital deductions and minority interest treatments that currently apply to Category I and Category II banking organizations. In addition, all Large Banking Organizations would be subject to the supplementary leverage ratio and countercyclical capital buffer requirement and would be required to make certain enhanced public disclosures.

The expanded total risk-weighted assets calculation used in the expanded risk-based approach would be phased in over a three-year period starting on July 1, 2025. For Category III and IV banking organizations, the requirement to reflect AOCI in regulatory capital would also be phased in over a three-year period starting on July 1, 2025. All other elements of the calculation of regulatory capital would apply on the effective date of the final rule, which is expected to be on or about July 1, 2025. Comments on this proposal were due by January 16, 2024.

See Item 1. Business of our 2023 Form 10-K under the heading “Supervision and Regulation - Recent regulatory capital requirements” for a discussion of other developments concerning recent regulatory capital-related changes.

Capital planning and stress testing

As a Category IV banking organization subject to a supervisory stress test every other year, KeyCorp was not required to participate in the Federal Reserve’s supervisory stress test in 2023. On July 27, 2023, the Federal Reserve confirmed that KeyCorp’s required stress capital buffer (based on the results of KeyCorp’s June 2022 stress test) is 2.5%, which is the minimum buffer required for banking organizations the size of KeyCorp. This stress capital buffer requirement will remain in effect until September 30, 2024 unless KeyCorp receives an updated stress capital buffer requirement from the Federal Reserve before that date.

See Item 1. Business of our 2023 Form 10-K under the heading “Supervision and Regulation - Regulatory capital requirements - Capital planning and stress testing” for a discussion of other developments concerning capital planning and stress testing requirements.

Deposit insurance and assessments

On October 18, 2022, the FDIC adopted a final rule, applicable to all insured depository institutions (including KeyBank), to increase the initial base deposit insurance assessment rate schedules uniformly by two basis points consistent with the Amended Restoration Plan approved by the FDIC on June 21, 2022. The FDIC indicated that it was taking this action in order to restore the DIF reserve ratio to the required statutory minimum of 1.35% by the statutory deadline of September 30, 2028. Under the final rule, the increase in rates began with the first quarterly assessment period of 2023 and will remain in effect unless and until the reserve ratio meets or exceeds 2% in order to support growth in the DIF in progressing toward the FDIC’s long-term goal of a 2% reserve ratio.

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On March 10, 2023, and March 12, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) and Signature Bank (“Signature”) were closed by the state banking authorities in California and New York, respectively, and the FDIC was appointed as receiver of SVB and Signature. All deposits of SVB and Signature were transferred to bridge banks established by the FDIC under the systemic risk exception to the least cost test in the FDIA so that the uninsured deposits as well as the insured deposits of both banks were protected by the FDIC. Under the FDIA, the loss to the DIF arising from the use of the systemic risk exception must be recovered through one or more special assessments.

On November 16, 2023, the FDIC issued a final rule to impose a special assessment on IDIs to recover the loss to the DIF resulting from the use of the systemic risk exception to protect the uninsured depositors of SVB and Signature. Under the final rule, the FDIC would collect a special assessment from IDIs at an annual rate of approximately 13.4 basis points over eight quarterly assessment periods, starting with the first quarterly assessment period of 2024. The assessment base for the proposed special assessment is equal to an IDI’s estimated uninsured deposits reported as of December 31, 2022, adjusted to exclude the first $5 billion in estimated uninsured deposits held by the IDI. Because the estimated loss to the DIF from the use of the systemic risk exception will be periodically adjusted and because the total assessments collected may change due to corrective amendments filed by covered IDIs regarding the reported amount of uninsured deposits for the December 31, 2022 reporting period, the FDIC may cease collection of the special assessment early, extend the special assessment collection period, or impose a final shortfall special assessment.

In the final rule, the FDIC indicated that the special assessment is a tax-deductible operating expense for IDIs, and that it assumed that the effect on income of the entire amount of the special assessment would occur in one quarter for the IDIs subject to the assessment. The impact of the special assessment to Key was approximately $190 million in pre-tax expense, which was recognized upon issuance of the final rule in the fourth quarter of 2023.

The FDIC has indicated that the loss estimates to be recovered by the special assessment will be periodically adjusted as the FDIC (as receiver of the failed banks) sells assets, satisfies liabilities, and incurs receivership expenses. The FDIC said that it will provide any updates regarding the amount and collection period for the special assessment when it sends the quarterly deposit insurance assessment invoices to the IDIs subject to the special assessment. In the first quarter of 2024, the FDIC announced an increase in its estimate of losses from protecting the uninsured depositors of SVB and Signature and, therefore, increased the amount that it would collect through the special assessment. Because of this updated estimate, Key incurred an incremental pre-tax expense of $29 million in the first quarter of 2024.

The FDIC’s final rule for a special assessment discussed above was not intended to recover the loss to the DIF from the failure of First Republic Bank in May 2023 (initially estimated as a $13 billion loss) or to the DIF from the failures of SVB and Signature that was not related to the protection of uninsured depositors (initially estimated as a $2.7 billion loss). The FDIC indicated that no further adjustments to assessments are contemplated at this time to recover those losses but that it will re-evaluate this issue in the future when it updates projections for the DIF balance and the reserve ratio in connection with its periodic review of the DIF Restoration Plan that was adopted in 2022. The FDIC updates these projections at least semiannually.

See Item 1. Business of our 2023 Form 10-K under the heading “Supervision and Regulation – FDIA, Resolution Authority and Financial Stability - Deposit insurance and assessments” for a discussion of other developments concerning deposit insurance and assessments.

Long-term debt requirement

On August 29, 2023, the federal banking agencies issued for public comment a proposal that would require certain large BHCs and certain large IDIs to issue and maintain minimum amounts of long-term debt (“LTD”). This proposal would apply to Category II, III, and IV BHCs (including KeyCorp) and IDIs that (i) are not consolidated subsidiaries of U.S. global systemically important banks and (ii) have at least $100 billion in total assets (including KeyBank) or are affiliated with an IDI that has at least $100 billion in total assets. Under the proposal, the required minimum amount of LTD would be the greater of 6 percent of an entity’s total risk-weighted assets, 3.5 percent of an entity’s average total consolidated assets, and 2.5 percent of an entity’s total leverage exposure if it is subject to the supplementary leverage ratio. IDIs that are consolidated subsidiaries of BHCs would be required to issue the LTD to their parent company or another entity that consolidates the IDI.

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Debt instruments issued to satisfy the minimum LTD requirement would have to meet certain criteria including, among other things, being unsecured, have a remaining maturity of more than one year, and not provide the holder with acceleration rights except in limited circumstances. BHCs subject to the proposal would also have to comply with certain “clean holding-company” requirements such as a cap on liabilities other than eligible LTD and a prohibition on entering into most qualified financial contracts with third parties. The proposal would provide a three-year transition period with the incremental phase-in of the requirements during this period. The federal banking agencies indicated that the proposal would improve the resolvability of the covered entities in case of their failure, reduce costs to the DIF, and mitigate contagion and financial stability risks by reducing the risk of loss to uninsured depositors. Comments on the proposal were due by January 16, 2024.

Community Reinvestment Act

On October 24, 2023, the federal banking agencies adopted a final rule to strengthen and modernize their regulations implementing the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) to better achieve the purposes of the law, adapt to changes in the banking industry, and provide clarity and consistency in the application of their regulations. Among other things, the final rule (1) clarifies what activities constitute eligible community development activities, (2) adopts four new tests under which large banks with more than $2 billion in assets (including KeyBank) will be evaluated, (3) applies a new framework for assigning conclusions and ratings to banks, (4) updates requirements for delineating facility-based assessment areas, (5) provides for the evaluation of certain large banks in retail lending assessment areas as well as facility-based assessment areas, and (6) imposes new data collection and reporting requirements. The four new tests under which large banks will be evaluated are a retail lending test, a retail services and products test, a community development financing test, and a community development services test. Various metrics and performance standards will be applied under these tests. Most provisions of the final rule will be effective on January 1, 2026, while certain reporting requirements will be effective on January 1, 2027. KeyBank is subject to the final rule.

Various trade associations filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas seeking to invalidate the CRA final rule. In their lawsuit, the trade associations argued that the federal banking agencies exceeded their authority in adopting the CRA final rule. On March 29, 2024, the court in that case issued a preliminary injunction barring the federal banking agencies from enforcing the CRA final rule against the plaintiffs pending the resolution of this lawsuit. The court also extended all implementation dates under the CRA final rule, day for day, for each day that the injunction remains in place. The court concluded that the plaintiffs had demonstrated a substantial likelihood of success on the merits and would suffer irreparable harm if they had to incur costs to prepare to comply with a rule that might later be invalidated. Key is monitoring developments in this case.

See Item 1. Business of our 2023 Form 10-K under the heading “Supervision and Regulation - Other Regulatory Developments – Community Reinvestment Act” for a discussion of other recent developments relating to the Community Reinvestment Act.

Debit Card Interchange Fee Cap

On October 25, 2023, the Federal Reserve issued for public comment a proposal to lower the maximum interchange fee that a debit card issuer with $10 billion or more in total consolidated assets (including KeyBank) can receive for a debit card transaction. The interchange fee cap is currently set at the sum of 21 cents for each transaction plus an amount equal to 0.05% of the value of the transaction and a one cent fraud prevention adjustment for issuers that satisfy certain criteria. In the new proposal, the Federal Reserve proposed to lower the cap to the sum of 14.4 cents for each transaction plus an amount equal to 0.04% of the value of the transaction and a 1.3 cent fraud prevention adjustment. The Federal Reserve indicated that it was proposing this revision to the fee cap to reflect changes in issuer costs. The Federal Reserve also proposed to update the amount of the fee cap every other year going forward by using data it collects in a biennial survey of large debit card issuers. Comments on the proposal are due by May 12, 2024.

Developments relating to climate change

On March 6, 2024, the SEC adopted final rules under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to require public companies (including KeyCorp) to provide detailed climate-related information in their registration statements and periodic reports. Among other things, the final rules require public companies to disclose

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information about (i) climate-related risks that have had, or are reasonably likely to have, a material impact on the company’s business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition; (ii) the actual and potential material impacts of such risks on the company’s strategy, business model, and outlook; (iii) a company’s activities, if any, to mitigate or adapt to material climate-related risks; (iv) the role of the board of directors in overseeing climate-related risks and management’s role in assessing and managing the company’s material climate-related risks; (v) processes the company uses for identifying, assessing, and managing material climate-related risks; (vi) the company’s Scope 1 Greenhouse Gas (“GHG”) emissions (direct GHG emissions) and Scope 2 GHG emissions (indirect GHG emissions resulting from purchased energy) when such emissions are material and an attestation report covering such disclosures; and (vii) expenditures, costs, and losses incurred as a result of severe weather events and other natural conditions (subject to disclosure thresholds) to be disclosed in a note to the financial statements. Compliance with these requirements will be phased in over a period of years, with disclosure by large accelerated filers (including KeyCorp) starting in 2026 with respect to information for the 2025 fiscal year.

Various organizations have filed lawsuits seeking to invalidate the SEC’s final rules that mandate climate-related disclosures. These lawsuits, which challenge the authority of the SEC to adopt these rules, have been consolidated in the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. On April 4, 2024, the SEC issued an order staying its final climate disclosure rules pending the completion of judicial review of these lawsuits. Key is monitoring developments in these lawsuits.

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Results of Operations

Earnings overview

The following chart provides a reconciliation of net income from continuing operations attributable to Key common shareholders for the three months ended March 31, 2023, to the three months ended March 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

Net interest income

One of our principal sources of revenue is net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income received on earning assets (such as loans and securities) and loan-related fee income, and interest expense paid on deposits and borrowings. There are several factors that affect net interest income, including:

•the volume, pricing, mix, and maturity of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities;

•the volume and value of net free funds, such as noninterest-bearing deposits and equity capital;

•the use of derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk;

•interest rate fluctuations and competitive conditions within the marketplace;

•asset quality; and

•fair value accounting of acquired earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

To make it easier to compare both the results across several periods and the yields on various types of earning assets (some taxable, some not), we present net interest income in this discussion on a “TE basis” (i.e., as if all income were taxable and at the same rate). For example, $100 of tax-exempt income would be presented as $126, an amount that, if taxed at the statutory federal income tax rate of 21%, would yield $100.

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Net interest income (TE) was $886 million for the first quarter of 2024 and the net interest margin was 2.02%. Compared to the first quarter of 2023, net interest income (TE) decreased $220 million and net interest margin decreased by 45 basis points. While both net interest income and the net interest margin benefited from the reinvestment of proceeds from maturing interest rate swaps, investments, and U.S. Treasury securities into higher-yielding cash and swaps, the decline in net interest income and the net interest margin reflects the higher interest rate environment and Key’s balance sheet optimization efforts, which resulted in planned reductions in loan balances. The higher interest rate environment drove earning asset yields higher, but were outpaced by the higher cost of deposits and borrowings. Additionally, the balance sheet experienced a shift in funding mix from noninterest-bearing deposits to higher-cost deposits and borrowings.

Average loans were $111.0 billion for the first quarter of 2024, a decrease of $8.8 billion compared to the first quarter of 2023, reflective of Key’s planned balance sheet optimization efforts. The decline in average loans was mostly driven by lower commercial and industrial loans, as well as a decline in commercial mortgage real estate loans. Additionally, average consumer loans decreased by $2.2 billion, reflective of broad-based declines across all consumer loan categories.

Average deposits totaled $142.9 billion for the first quarter of 2024, a decrease of $527 million compared to the year-ago quarter. The decrease was driven by continued changing client behavior reflective of higher interest rates, as well as a decline in wholesale deposit balances.

Figure 3 shows the various components of our balance sheet that affect interest income and expense and their respective yields or rates for the current periods and comparative year ago periods. This figure also presents a reconciliation of TE net interest income to net interest income reported in accordance with GAAP for each of those quarters. The net interest margin, which is an indicator of the profitability of the earning assets portfolio less cost of funding, is calculated by dividing annualized TE net interest income by average earning assets.

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Figure 3. Consolidated Average Balance Sheets, Net Interest Income, and Yields/Rates and Components of Net Interest Income Changes from Continuing Operations(h)

	Three months ended March 31, 2024						Three months ended March 31, 2023						Change in Net interest income due to
Dollars in millions	Average Balance		Interest (a)		Yield/ Rate (a)		Average Balance		Interest (a)		Yield/ Rate (a)		Volume		Yield/Rate		Total
ASSETS
Loans (b), (c)
Commercial and industrial (d)	$	55,220	$	853	6.22	%	$	60,281	$	807	5.42	%	$	(71)	$	117	$	46
Real estate — commercial mortgage	14,837		229		6.21		16,470		224		5.52		(23)		28		5
Real estate — construction	3,039		57		7.50		2,525		39		6.30		9		9		18
Commercial lease financing	3,346		27		3.23		3,783		27		2.87		(3)		3		—
Total commercial loans	76,442		1,166		6.14		83,059		1,097		5.35		(88)		157		69
Real estate — residential mortgage	20,814		171		3.29		21,436		172		3.21		(5)		4		(1)
Home equity loans	7,024		104		5.97		7,879		106		5.47		(12)		10		(2)
Other consumer loans	5,800		72		4.99		6,480		76		4.69		(8)		4		(4)
Credit cards	954		36		14.93		983		32		13.37		(1)		5		4
Total consumer loans	34,592		383		4.44		36,778		386		4.23		(26)		23		(3)
Total loans	111,034		1,549		5.61		119,837		1,483		5.01		(114)		180		66
Loans held for sale	888		14		6.15		907		13		5.86		—		1		1
Securities available for sale (b), (e)	37,089		232		2.17		39,172		194		1.72		(11)		49		38
Held-to-maturity securities (b)	8,423		75		3.57		8,931		74		3.32		(4)		5		1
Trading account assets	1,110		14		5.21		1,001		12		4.86		1		1		2
Short-term investments	10,243		142		5.59		3,532		42		4.80		92		8		100
Other investments (e)	1,236		17		5.39		1,309		13		4.01		(1)		5		4
Total earning assets	170,023		2,043		4.67		174,689		1,831		4.09		(37)		249		212
Allowance for loan and lease losses	(1,505)						(1,336)
Accrued income and other assets	17,350						17,498
Discontinued assets	329						419
Total assets	$	186,197					$	191,270
LIABILITIES
Money market deposits	$	37,659	$	264	2.82	%	$	33,853	$	78	.94	%	$	10	$	176	$	186
Demand deposits	56,137		357		2.56		52,365		183		1.42		14		160		174
Savings deposits	5,253		1		.07		7,346		1		.03		—		—		—
Time deposits	14,430		160		4.45		10,498		88		3.39		39		33		72
Total interest-bearing deposits	113,479		782		2.77		104,062		350		1.36		63		369		432
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements	106		1		4.03		2,087		22		4.34		(19)		(2)		(21)
Bank notes and other short-term borrowings	3,325		46		5.63		6,597		78		4.80		(44)		12		(32)
Long-term debt (f), (g)	19,537		328		6.72		20,141		275		5.47		(8)		61		53
Total interest-bearing liabilities	136,447		1,157		3.41		132,887		725		2.20		(8)		440		432
Noninterest-bearing deposits	29,399						39,343
Accrued expense and other liabilities	5,373						4,804
Discontinued liabilities (g)	329						419
Total liabilities	171,548						177,453
EQUITY
Key shareholders’ equity	14,649						13,817
Noncontrolling interests	—						—
Total equity	14,649						13,817
Total liabilities and equity	$	186,197					$	191,270
Interest rate spread (TE)					1.26	%					1.89	%
Net interest income (TE) and net interest margin (TE)			$	886	2.02	%			$	1,106	2.47	%	$	(29)	$	(191)	(220)
TE adjustment (b)			11						7
Net interest income, GAAP basis			$	875					$	1,099

(a)Results are from continuing operations. Interest excludes the interest associated with the liabilities referred to in (g), calculated using a matched funds transfer pricing methodology.

(b)Interest income on tax-exempt securities and loans has been adjusted to a taxable-equivalent basis using the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and March 31, 2023.

(c)For purposes of these computations, nonaccrual loans are included in average loan balances.

(d)Commercial and industrial average balances include $211 million and $178 million of assets from commercial credit cards for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and March 31, 2023, respectively.

(e)Yield is calculated on the basis of amortized cost. The average amortized cost for securities available for sale was $42.7 billion and $45.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

(f)Rate calculation excludes basis adjustments related to fair value hedges.

(g)A portion of long-term debt and the related interest expense is allocated to discontinued liabilities as a result of applying our matched funds transfer pricing methodology to discontinued operations.

(h)Average balances presented are based on daily average balances over the respective stated period.

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Provision for credit losses

    

Key’s provision for credit losses was $101 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $139 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decline from the year-ago period reflects a more stable economic outlook and the impact of balance sheet optimization efforts, partly offset by portfolio migration.

Noninterest income

As shown in Figure 4, noninterest income was $647 million, and represented 42% of total revenue for the first quarter of 2024, compared to $608 million, representing 35% of total revenue, for the year-ago quarter.

The following discussion explains the composition of certain elements of our noninterest income and the factors that caused those elements to change.

Figure 4. Noninterest Income

(a)Other noninterest income includes operating lease income and other leasing gains, corporate services income, corporate-owned life insurance income, consumer mortgage income, commercial mortgage servicing fees, and other income. See the "Consolidated Statements of Income" in Item 1. Financial Statements of this report.

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Trust and investment services income 

Trust and investment services income consists of brokerage commissions, trust and asset management fees, and insurance income. The assets under management that primarily generate certain trust and asset management fees are shown in Figure 5. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, trust and investment services income was up $8 million, or 6.3%, compared to the same period one year ago. The increase was driven primarily by investment management fees associated with higher assets under management.

A significant portion of our trust and investment services income depends on the value and mix of assets under management. As shown in Figure 5, at March 31, 2024, our bank, trust, and registered investment advisory subsidiaries had assets under management of $57.3 billion, up 6.7% compared to March 31, 2023. The increase was driven by market impacts on portfolios.

Figure 5. Assets Under Administration 

Dollars in millions	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
Discretionary assets under management by investment type:
Equity	$	32,369	$	30,724	$	28,866	$	30,320	$	29,139
Fixed income	14,096		13,775		13,646		13,819		14,615
Money market	6,177		6,187		6,308		6,094		6,490
Total discretionary assets under management	52,642		50,686		48,820		50,233		50,244
Non-discretionary assets under administration	4,663		4,173		3,696		3,719		3,445
Total	$	57,305	$	54,859	$	52,516	$	53,952	$	53,689

    

Investment banking and debt placement fees

Investment banking and debt placement fees consist of syndication fees, debt and equity securities underwriting fees, merger and acquisition and financial advisory fees, gains on sales of commercial mortgages, and agency origination fees. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, investment banking and debt placement fees were up $25 million, or 17.2%, compared to the same period a year ago. The increase was driven by strong commercial mortgage and debt capital markets activity.

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