UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

_X_ Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021

___ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission file number 1-14527

EVEREST REINSURANCE HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 22-3263609 (I.R.S Employer Identification No.)  

100 Everest Way

Warren, New Jersey 07059

(908) 604-3000

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive office)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
4.868% Senior Notes Due 2044	NYSE
3.50% Senior Notes Due 2050	NYSE
3.125% Senior Notes Due 2052	NYSE
6.60% Long Term Notes Due 2067	NYSE
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes X No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes No X

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes X No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes X No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.

Yes X No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer		Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer	X	Smaller reporting company
		Emerging growth company

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is an emerging growth company and has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange act.

Yes No X

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.)

Yes No X

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

Yes No X

The aggregate market value on June 30, 2021, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second quarter, of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was zero.

At March 15, 2022, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant common shares was 1,000, all of which are owned by Everest Underwriting Group (Ireland) Limited, a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Everest Re Group, Ltd.

The Registrant meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction I(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-K and is therefore filing this form with the reduced disclosure format permitted by General Instruction I of Form 10-K.

EVEREST REINSURANCE HOLDINGS, INC.

Table of Contents

FORM 10-K

		Page
PART I
Item 1.	Business	1
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	7
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	14
Item 2.	Properties	14
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	14
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	14
PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	14
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	15
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	15
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	26
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	28
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	29
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	29
Item 9B.	Other Information	29
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	29
PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	30
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	30
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	30
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	30
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	30
PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	31

PART I

Unless otherwise indicated, all financial data in this document have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). As used in this document, “Holdings” means Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc., a Delaware company and direct subsidiary of Everest Underwriting Group (Ireland) Limited (“Holdings Ireland”); “Group” means Everest Re Group, Ltd. (Holdings Ireland’s parent); “Bermuda Re” means Everest Reinsurance (Bermuda), Ltd., a subsidiary of Group; “Everest Re” means Everest Reinsurance Company and its subsidiaries, a subsidiary of Holdings (unless the context otherwise requires); and the “Company”, “we”, “us”, and “our” means Holdings and its subsidiaries (unless the context otherwise requires).

ITEM 1.BUSINESS

The Company.

Holdings, a Delaware corporation, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Holdings Ireland. On December 30, 2008, Group contributed Holdings to its recently established Irish holding company, Holdings Ireland. Holdings Ireland is a direct subsidiary of Group and serves as a holding company for the U.S. reinsurance and insurance subsidiaries. Group is a Bermuda holding company whose common shares are publicly traded in the U.S. on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “RE”. Group files an annual report on Form 10-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) with respect to its consolidated operations, including Holdings.

The Company’s principal business, conducted through its operating segments, is the underwriting of reinsurance and insurance in the U.S. and international markets. The Company had gross written premiums, in 2021, of $9.3 billion, with approximately 65% representing reinsurance and 35% representing insurance. Stockholder’s equity at December 31, 2021 was $7.0 billion. The Company underwrites reinsurance both through brokers and directly with ceding companies, giving it the flexibility to pursue business based on the ceding company’s preferred reinsurance purchasing method. The Company underwrites insurance through brokers, surplus lines brokers and general agent relationships. Holdings’ active operating subsidiaries are each rated A+ (“Superior”) by A.M. Best Company (“A.M. Best”), a leading provider of insurer ratings that assigns financial strength ratings to insurance companies based on their ability to meet their obligations to policyholders.

Following is a summary of the Company’s principal operating subsidiaries:

 Everest Re, a Delaware insurance company and a direct subsidiary of Holdings, is a licensed property and casualty insurer and/or reinsurer in all states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and Guam and is authorized to conduct reinsurance business in Canada, Singapore and Brazil. Everest Re underwrites property and casualty reinsurance for insurance and reinsurance companies in the U.S. and international markets. Everest Re has engaged in reinsurance transactions with Bermuda Re, Everest International Reinsurance, Ltd. (“Everest International”), Mt. Logan Re, Ltd. (“Mt. Logan Re”) and Everest Insurance Company of Canada (“Everest Canada”), which are affiliated companies, primarily driven by enterprise risk and capital management considerations under which business is transacted at market rates and terms. At December 31, 2021, Everest Re had statutory surplus of $5.7 billion.

 Everest National Insurance Company (“Everest National”), a Delaware insurance company and a direct subsidiary of Everest Re, is licensed in 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico and is authorized to write property and casualty insurance on an admitted basis in the jurisdictions in which it is licensed. The majority of Everest National’s business is reinsured by its parent, Everest Re.

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 Everest Indemnity Insurance Company (“Everest Indemnity”), a Delaware insurance company and a direct subsidiary of Everest Re, writes excess and surplus lines insurance business in the U.S. on a non-admitted basis. Excess and surplus lines insurance is specialty property and liability coverage that an insurer not licensed to write insurance in a particular jurisdiction is permitted to provide to insureds when the specific specialty coverage is unavailable from admitted insurers. Everest Indemnity is licensed in Delaware and is eligible to write business on a non-admitted basis in all other states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. The majority of Everest Indemnity’s business is reinsured by its parent, Everest Re.

 Everest Security Insurance Company (“Everest Security”), a Georgia insurance company and a direct subsidiary of Everest Re, writes property and casualty insurance on an admitted basis in Georgia and Alabama and is approved as an eligible surplus lines insurer in Delaware. The majority of Everest Security’s business is reinsured by its parent, Everest Re.

 Everest Denali Insurance Company (“Everest Denali”), a Delaware insurance company and a direct subsidiary of Everest Re, is licensed to write property and casualty insurance in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The majority of Everest Denali’s business is reinsured by its parent, Everest Re.

 Everest Premier Insurance Company (“Everest Premier”), a Delaware insurance company and a direct subsidiary of Everest Re, is licensed to write property and casualty insurance in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The majority of Everest Premier’s business is reinsured by its parent, Everest Re.

 Everest International Assurance, Ltd. (“Everest Assurance”), a Bermuda company and a direct subsidiary of Holdings is registered in Bermuda as a Class 3A general business insurer and as a Class C long-term insurer. Everest Assurance has made a one-time election under section 953(d) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code to be a U.S. income tax paying “Controlled Foreign Corporation.” By making this election, Everest Assurance is authorized to write life reinsurance and casualty reinsurance in both Bermuda and the U.S.

Reinsurance Industry Overview.

Reinsurance is an arrangement in which an insurance company, the reinsurer, agrees to indemnify another insurance or reinsurance company, the ceding company, against all or a portion of the insurance risks underwritten by the ceding company under one or more insurance contracts. Reinsurance can provide a ceding company with several benefits, including a reduction in its net liability on individual risks or classes of risks, catastrophe protection from large and/or multiple losses and/or a reduction in operating leverage as measured by the ratio of net premiums and reserves to capital. Reinsurance also provides a ceding company with additional underwriting capacity by permitting it to accept larger risks and write more business than would be acceptable relative to the ceding company’s financial resources. Reinsurance does not discharge the ceding company from its liability to policyholders; rather, it reimburses the ceding company for covered losses.

There are two basic types of reinsurance arrangements: treaty and facultative. Treaty reinsurance obligates the ceding company to cede and the reinsurer to assume a specified portion of a type or category of risks insured by the ceding company. Treaty reinsurers do not separately evaluate each of the individual risks assumed under their treaties, instead, the reinsurer relies upon the pricing and underwriting decisions made by the ceding company. In facultative reinsurance, the ceding company cedes and the reinsurer assumes all or part of the risk under a single insurance contract. Facultative reinsurance is negotiated separately for each insurance contract that is reinsured. Facultative reinsurance, when purchased by ceding companies, usually is intended to cover individual risks not covered by their reinsurance treaties because of the dollar limits involved or because the risk is unusual.

Both treaty and facultative reinsurance can be written on either a pro rata basis or an excess of loss basis. Under pro rata reinsurance, the ceding company and the reinsurer share the premiums as well as the losses and expenses in an agreed proportion. Under excess of loss reinsurance, the reinsurer indemnifies the ceding company against

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all or a specified portion of losses and expenses in excess of a specified dollar amount, known as the ceding company's retention or reinsurer's attachment point, generally subject to a negotiated reinsurance contract limit.

In pro rata reinsurance, the reinsurer generally pays the ceding company a ceding commission. The ceding commission generally is based on the ceding company’s cost of acquiring the business being reinsured (commissions, premium taxes, assessments and miscellaneous administrative expense and may contain profit sharing provisions, whereby the ceding commission is adjusted based on loss experience). Premiums paid by the ceding company to a reinsurer for excess of loss reinsurance are not directly proportional to the premiums that the ceding company receives because the reinsurer does not assume a proportionate risk. There is usually no ceding commission on excess of loss reinsurance.

Reinsurers may purchase reinsurance to cover their own risk exposure. Reinsurance of a reinsurer's business is called a retrocession. Reinsurance companies cede risks under retrocessional agreements to other reinsurers, known as retrocessionaires, for reasons similar to those that cause insurers to purchase reinsurance: to reduce net liability on individual or classes of risks, protect against catastrophic losses, stabilize financial ratios and obtain additional underwriting capacity.

Reinsurance can be written through intermediaries, generally professional reinsurance brokers, or directly with ceding companies. From a ceding company's perspective, the broker and the direct distribution channels have advantages and disadvantages. A ceding company's decision to select one distribution channel over the other will be influenced by its perception of such advantages and disadvantages relative to the reinsurance coverage being placed.

Business Strategy.

The Company’s business strategy is to sustain its leadership position within targeted reinsurance and insurance markets, provide effective management throughout the property and casualty underwriting cycle and thereby achieve an attractive return for its stockholder. The Company’s underwriting strategies seek to capitalize on its i) financial strength and capacity, ii) global franchise, iii) stable and experienced management team, iv) diversified product and distribution offerings, v) underwriting expertise and disciplined approach, vi) efficient and low-cost operating structure and vii) effective enterprise risk management practices.

The Company offers treaty and facultative reinsurance and admitted and non-admitted insurance. The Company’s products include the full range of property and casualty reinsurance and insurance coverages, including marine, aviation, surety, errors and omissions liability (“E&O”), directors’ and officers’ liability (“D&O”), medical malpractice, mortgage reinsurance, other specialty lines, accident and health (“A&H”) and workers’ compensation.

The Company’s underwriting strategies emphasizes underwriting profitability over premium volume. Key elements of this strategy include careful risk selection, appropriate pricing through strict underwriting discipline and adjustment of the Company’s business mix in response to changing market conditions. The Company focuses on reinsuring companies that effectively manage the underwriting cycle through proper analysis and pricing of underlying risks and whose underwriting guidelines and performance are compatible with its objectives.

The Company’s underwriting strategies emphasize flexibility and responsiveness to changing market conditions. The Company believes that its existing strengths, including its broad underwriting expertise, global presence, strong financial ratings and substantial capital, facilitate adjustments to its mix of business geographically, by line of business and by type of coverage, allowing it to participate in those market opportunities that provide the greatest potential for underwriting profitability. The Company’s insurance operations complement these strategies by accessing business that is not available on a reinsurance basis. The Company carefully monitors its mix of business across all operations to avoid unacceptable geographic or other risk concentrations.

Commencing 2015, the Company initiated a strategic build out of its insurance platform through the investment in key leadership hires which in turn has brought significant underwriting talent and stronger direction in

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achieving its insurance program strategic goals of increased premium volume and improved underwriting results. Recent growth is coming from newly launched lines of business, as well as, product and geographic expansion in existing lines of business. The Company is building a world-class insurance platform capable of offering products across lines and geographies, complementing its leading global reinsurance franchise.

Capital Transactions.

The Company’s business operations are in part dependent on its financial strength and financial strength ratings, and the market’s perception of its financial strength. The Company stockholder’s equity was $7.0 billion and $6.4 billion at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company possesses significant financial flexibility with access to the debt markets and, through its ultimate parent, equity markets, as a result of its perceived financial strength, as evidenced by the financial strength ratings as assigned by independent rating agencies. The Company’s capital position remains strong, commensurate with its financial ratings and the Company has ample liquidity to meet its financial obligations for the foreseeable future.

Financial Strength Ratings.

The following table shows the current financial strength ratings of the Company’s operating subsidiaries as reported by A.M. Best, S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) and Moody’s. These ratings represent an independent opinion of the financial strength, operating performance, business profile and ability to meet policyholder obligations. The ratings are not intended to be an indication of the degree or lack of risk involved in a direct or indirect equity investment or a recommendation to buy, sell or hold our securities. Additionally, rating organizations may change their rating methodology, which could have a material impact on our financial strength ratings.

All of the below-mentioned ratings are continually monitored and revised, if necessary, by each of the rating agencies. The ratings presented in the following table were in effect as of January 31, 2022.

The Company believes that its ratings are important as they provide the Company’s customers and others with an independent assessment of the Company’s financial strength using a rating scale that provides for relative comparisons. Strong financial ratings are particularly important for reinsurance and insurance companies given that customers rely on a company to pay covered losses well into the future. As a result, a highly rated company is generally preferred.

Operating Subsidiary:	A.M. Best	S&P	Moody's
Everest Reinsurance Company	A+ (Superior)	A+ (Strong)	A1 (upper-medium)
Everest National Insurance Company	A+ (Superior)	A+ (Strong)	Not Rated
Everest Indemnity Insurance Company	A+ (Superior)	A+ (Strong)	Not Rated
Everest Security Insurance Company	A+ (Superior)	Not Rated	Not Rated
Everest International Assurance, Ltd.	A+ (Superior)	A+ (Strong)	Not Rated
Everest Denali Insurance Company	A+ (Superior)	A+ (Strong)	Not Rated
Everest Premier Insurance Company	A+ (Superior)	A+ (Strong)	Not Rated

A.M. Best states that the “A+” (“Superior”) rating is assigned to those companies which, in its opinion, have a superior ability to meet their ongoing insurance policy and contract obligations based on A.M. Best’s comprehensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation of a company’s balance sheet strength, operating performance and business profile. A.M. Best affirmed these ratings on May 7, 2021. S&P states that the “A+”/”A” ratings are assigned to those insurance companies which, in its opinion, have strong financial security characteristics with respect to their ability to pay under its insurance policies and contracts in accordance with their terms. S&P affirmed all ratings on June 4, 2021. Moody’s states that an “A1” rating is assigned to companies that, in their opinion, offer upper-medium grade security and are subject to low credit risk. Moody’s affirmed these ratings on July 20, 2021.

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Subsidiaries other than Everest Re may not be rated by some or any rating agencies because such ratings are not considered essential by the individual subsidiary’s customers or because of the limited nature of the subsidiary’s operations or because the subsidiaries are newly established and have not yet been rated by the agencies.

Debt Ratings.

The following table shows the debt ratings by A.M. Best, S&P and Moody’s of the Holdings’ senior notes due June 1, 2044, senior notes due October 15, 2050, senior notes due October 15, 2052, and long-term notes due May 1, 2067 all of which are considered investment grade. Debt ratings are the rating agencies’ current assessment of the credit worthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific obligation.

Instrument	A.M. Best		S&P		Moody's
Senior Notes due June 1, 2044	a-	(Strong)	A-	(Strong)	Baa1	(Medium Grade)
Senior Notes due October 15, 2050	a-	(Strong)	A-	(Strong)	Baa1	(Medium Grade)
Senior Notes due October 15, 2052	Not Rated		A-	(Strong)	Baa1	(Medium Grade)
Long Term Notes due May 1, 2067	bbb	(Adequate)	BBB	(Adequate)	Baa2	(Medium Grade)

Competition.

The worldwide reinsurance and insurance businesses are highly competitive, as well as cyclical by product and market. As such, financial results tend to fluctuate with periods of constrained availability, higher rates and stronger profits followed by periods of abundant capacity, lower rates and constrained profitability. Competition in the types of reinsurance and insurance business that we underwrite is based on many factors, including the perceived overall financial strength of the reinsurer or insurer, ratings of the reinsurer or insurer by A.M. Best and/or Standard & Poor’s, underwriting expertise, the jurisdictions where the reinsurer or insurer is licensed or otherwise authorized, capacity and coverages offered, premiums charged, other terms and conditions of the reinsurance and insurance business offered, services offered, speed of claims payment and reputation and experience in lines written. Furthermore, the market impact from these competitive factors related to reinsurance and insurance is generally not consistent across lines of business, domestic and international geographical areas and distribution channels.

We compete in the U.S. and international reinsurance and insurance markets with numerous global competitors. Our competitors include independent reinsurance and insurance companies, subsidiaries or affiliates of established worldwide insurance companies, reinsurance departments of certain insurance companies, domestic and international underwriting operations, and certain government sponsored risk transfer vehicles. Some of these competitors have greater financial resources than we do and have established long term and continuing business relationships, which can be a significant competitive advantage. In addition, the lack of strong barriers to entry into the reinsurance business and recently, the securitization of reinsurance and insurance risks through capital markets provide additional sources of potential reinsurance and insurance capacity and competition.

Worldwide insurance and reinsurance market conditions historically have been competitive. Generally, there was ample insurance and reinsurance capacity relative to demand, as well as, additional capital from the capital markets through insurance linked financial instruments. These financial instruments such as side cars, catastrophe bonds and collateralized reinsurance funds, provided capital markets with access to insurance and reinsurance risk exposure. The capital markets demand for these products was being primarily driven by a low interest environment and the desire to achieve greater risk diversification and potentially higher returns on their investments. This increased competition was generally having a negative impact on rates, terms and conditions; however, the impact varies widely by market and coverage.

The industry continues to deal with the impacts of a global pandemic, COVID-19 and its subsequent variants. We activated our operational resiliency plan across our global footprint and all of our critical operations are functioning effectively. We continue to service and meet the needs of our clients while ensuring the safety and health of our employees and customers.

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Prior to the pandemic, there was a growing industry consensus that there was some firming of (re)insurance rates for the areas impacted by the recent catastrophes. The increased frequency of catastrophe losses in 2020 and 2021 appears to be further pressuring the increase of rates. As business activity continues to regain strength, rates also appear to be firming in most lines of business, particularly in the casualty lines that had seen significant losses such as excess casualty and directors’ and officers’ liability. Other casualty lines are experiencing modest rate increase, while some lines such as workers’ compensation were experiencing softer market conditions. It is too early to tell what the impact on pricing conditions will be but it is likely to change depending on the line of business and geography.

While we are unable to predict the full impact the pandemic will have on the insurance industry as it continues to have a negative impact on the global economy, we are well positioned to continue to service our clients. Our capital position remains a source of strength, with high quality invested assets, significant liquidity and a low operating expense ratio. Our diversified global platform with its broad mix of products, distribution and geography is resilient.

Human Capital Management.

Our employees are essential to the success of our business, and so we strive to attract and retain a high standard of insurance professionals to meet our business needs as well as the needs of our clients and customers. As of February 1, 2022, the Company employed 1,615 persons. Management believes that employee relations are good. None of the Company’s employees are subject to collective bargaining agreements, and the Company is not aware of any current efforts to implement such agreements.

Everest is committed to providing our employees with an engaging and supportive environment so that employees can develop personally and help us achieve success as an organization. We consider the ability to attract, develop and retain a high caliber of insurance professionals to be critical to our success. Opportunities for continued learning and talent development are provided to all employee levels. Employees are encouraged to take ownership of their development by using the tools that the Company has made available to them including industry training, mentorships and personal development classes. Everest actively manages succession planning throughout our organization and strives to provide job growth and advancement opportunities to internal talent, where possible.

Diversity and Inclusion.

Our strength and success derive from our diversity, and we are at our best when we embrace diverse views and perspectives. Our Board is committed to diversity within its structure as well as emphasizing its importance in our senior executive leadership. We believe that diversity in gender, age, ethnicity and skill set allows for dynamic and evolving perspectives in governance, strategy, corporate responsibility, human rights and risk management.

Proactive diversity recruitment is an integral aspect of succession planning at the executive level involving identifying and developing female and other minority leaders within the organization to assume more visible senior leadership roles. Our Talent Development team works with senior management to identify women and persons of color across the Company as potential leaders. These individuals are provided management and executive leadership training and education to enhance their skillsets and encourage promotions. Indeed, our executive officers are measured on their forward-thinking diversity initiatives as part of their annual performance evaluations. Such diversity at the most senior levels of our organization reflects our commitment to identify and develop highly qualified women and individuals of color to help lead our Company into the future.

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Available Information.

The Company’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports are available free of charge through the Company’s internet website at http://www.everestregroup.com as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with the SEC.

ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information provided in this report, the following risk factors should be considered when evaluating an investment in our securities. If the circumstances contemplated by the individual risk factors materialize, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected and our ability to service our debt, our debt ratings and our ability to issue new debt could decline significantly.

Risks relating to our Business

Fluctuations in the financial markets could result in investment losses.

Prolonged and severe disruptions in the overall public debt and equity markets, such as occurred during 2008, or temporary disruption, as occurred in early 2020 related to the Covid-19 pandemic, could result in significant realized and unrealized losses in our investment portfolio. Although financial markets have significantly improved since 2008, they could deteriorate in the future. There could also be disruption in individual market sectors, such as occurred in the energy sector in recent years. Such declines in the financial markets could result in significant realized and unrealized losses on investments and could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and debt ratings.

Our results could be adversely affected by catastrophic events.

We are exposed to unpredictable catastrophic events, including weather-related and other natural catastrophes, as well as acts of terrorism. The frequency and/or severity of catastrophic events may be impacted in the future by the continued effects of climate change. Any material reduction in our operating results caused by the occurrence of one or more catastrophes could inhibit our ability to pay dividends or to meet our interest and principal payment obligations. By way of illustration, during the past five calendar years, pre-tax catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance, were as follows:

Calendar year:	Pre-tax catastrophe losses
(Dollars in millions)
2021	$	940.0
2020		397.4
2019		573.7
2018		1,712.6
2017		941.4

Our losses from future catastrophic events could exceed our projections.

We use projections of possible losses from future catastrophic events of varying types and magnitudes as a strategic underwriting tool. We use these loss projections to estimate our potential catastrophe losses in certain geographic areas and decide on the placement of retrocessional coverage or other actions to limit the extent of potential losses in a given geographic area. These loss projections are approximations, reliant on a mix of quantitative and qualitative processes, and actual losses may exceed the projections by a material amount, resulting in a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

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If our loss reserves are inadequate to meet our actual losses, our net income would be reduced or we could incur a loss.

We are required to maintain reserves to cover our estimated ultimate liability of losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) for both reported and unreported claims incurred. These reserves are only estimates of what we believe the settlement and administration of claims will cost based on facts and circumstances known to us. In setting reserves for our reinsurance liabilities, we rely on claim data supplied by our ceding companies and brokers and we employ actuarial and statistical projections. The information received from our ceding companies is not always timely or accurate, which can contribute to inaccuracies in our loss projections. Because of the uncertainties that surround our estimates of loss and LAE reserves, we cannot be certain that ultimate losses and LAE payments will not exceed our estimates. If our reserves are deficient, we would be required to increase loss reserves in the period in which such deficiencies are identified which would cause a charge to our earnings and a reduction of capital. During the past five calendar years, the reserve re-estimation process resulted in a decrease to our pre-tax net income in 2021, 2020 and 2019, 2018 and an increase for the year 2017:

Calendar year:	Effect on pre-tax net income
(Dollars in millions)
2021	$	5.3	decrease
2020		200.3	decrease
2019		44.4	decrease
2018		558.8	decrease
2017		117.7	increase

The difficulty in estimating our reserves is significantly more challenging as it relates to reserving for potential asbestos and environmental (“A&E”) liabilities. At December 31, 2021, 1.3% of our gross reserves were comprised of A&E reserves. A&E liabilities are especially hard to estimate for many reasons, including the long delays between exposure and manifestation of any bodily injury or property damage, difficulty in identifying the source of the asbestos or environmental contamination, long reporting delays and difficulty in properly allocating liability for the asbestos or environmental damage. Legal tactics and judicial and legislative developments affecting the scope of insurers’ liability, which can be difficult to predict, also contribute to uncertainties in estimating reserves for A&E liabilities.

The failure to accurately assess underwriting risk and establish adequate premium rates could reduce our net income or result in a net loss.

Our success depends on our ability to accurately assess the risks associated with the businesses on which the risk is retained. If we fail to accurately assess the risks we retain, we may fail to establish adequate premium rates to cover our losses and LAE. This could reduce our net income and even result in a net loss.

In addition, losses may arise from events or exposures that are not anticipated when the coverage is priced. In addition to unanticipated events, we also face the unanticipated expansion of our exposures, particularly in long-tail liability lines. An example of this is the expansion over time of the scope of insurers’ legal liability within the mass tort arena, particularly for A&E exposures discussed above.

Decreases in pricing for property and casualty reinsurance and insurance could reduce our net income.

The worldwide reinsurance and insurance businesses are highly competitive, as well as cyclical by product and market. These cycles, as well as other factors that influence aggregate supply and demand for property and casualty insurance and reinsurance products, are outside of our control. The supply of (re)insurance is driven by prevailing prices and levels of capacity that may fluctuate in response to a number of factors including large catastrophic losses and investment returns being realized in the insurance industry. Demand for (re)insurance is influenced by underwriting results of insurers and insureds, including catastrophe losses, and prevailing general

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economic conditions. If any of these factors were to result in a decline in the demand for (re)insurance or an overall increase in (re)insurance capacity, our net income could decrease.

If rating agencies downgrade the ratings of our insurance subsidiaries, future prospects for growth and profitability could be significantly and adversely affected.

Our active insurance company subsidiaries currently hold financial strength ratings assigned by third-party rating agencies which assess and rate the claims paying ability and financial strength of insurers and reinsurers. Financial strength ratings are used by cedents, agents and brokers to assess the financial strength and credit quality of reinsurers and insurers. A downgrade or withdrawal of any of these ratings could adversely affect our ability to market our reinsurance and insurance products, our ability to compete with other reinsurers and insurers, and could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to write new business that in turn could impact our profitability and operating results. In December 2021, S&P announced proposed changes to its rating methodologies. The proposed changes have not been finalized, so the impact, if any, that these changes may have on our financial strength ratings is unknown.

Consistent with market practice, much of our treaty reinsurance business allows the ceding company to terminate the contract or seek collateralization of our obligations in the event of a rating downgrade below a certain threshold. The termination provision would generally be triggered if a rating fell below A.M. Best’s A- rating level. To a lesser extent, Everest Re also has modest exposure to reinsurance contracts that contain provisions for obligatory funding of outstanding liabilities in the event of a rating agency downgrade. Those provisions would also generally be triggered if Everest Re’s rating fell below A.M. Best’s A- rating level.

The failure of our insureds, intermediaries and reinsurers to satisfy their obligations to us could reduce our income.

In accordance with industry practice, we have uncollateralized receivables from insureds, agents and brokers and/or rely on agents and brokers to process our payments. We may not be able to collect amounts due from insureds, agents and brokers, resulting in a reduction to net income.

We are subject to credit risk of reinsurers in connection with retrocessional arrangements because the transfer of risk to a reinsurer does not relieve us of our liability to the insured. In addition, reinsurers may be unwilling to pay us even though they are able to do so. The failure of one or more of our reinsurers to honor their obligations to us in a timely fashion would impact our cash flow and reduce our net income and could cause us to incur a significant loss.

If we are unable or choose not to purchase reinsurance and transfer risk to the reinsurance markets, our net income could be reduced or we could incur a net loss in the event of unusual loss experience.

We are generally less reliant on the purchase of reinsurance than many of our competitors, in part because of our strategic emphasis on underwriting discipline and management of the cycles inherent in our business. We try to separate our risk taking process from our risk mitigation process in order to avoid developing too great a reliance on reinsurance. With the expansion of the capital markets into insurance linked financial instruments, we increased our use of capital market products for catastrophe reinsurance. In addition, we have increased some of our quota share contracts with larger retrocessions. The percentage of business that we reinsure may vary considerably from year to year, depending on our view of the relationship between cost and expected benefit for the contract period.

Percentage of ceded written premiums to gross written premiums	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017
Unaffiliated	14.3	%	14.9	%	16.7	%	14.7	%	14.6	%
Affiliated	4.9	%	1.7	%	1.4	%	8.7	%	38.4	%

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Our industry is highly competitive and we may not be able to compete as successfully in the future.

Our industry is highly competitive and subject to pricing cycles that can be pronounced. We compete globally in the United States, international reinsurance and insurance markets with numerous competitors. Our competitors include independent reinsurance and insurance companies, subsidiaries or affiliates of established worldwide insurance companies, reinsurance departments of certain insurance companies and domestic and international underwriting operations, including underwriting syndicates at Lloyd’s of London.

According to S&P, Group ranks among the top ten global reinsurance groups, where more than two-thirds of the market share is concentrated. The worldwide net premium written by the Top 40 global reinsurance groups, for both life and non-life business, was estimated to be $274 billion in 2020 according to data compiled by S&P. In addition to competitors, the entry of alternative capital market products and vehicles provide additional sources of reinsurance and insurance capacity.

We are dependent on our key personnel.

Our success has been, and will continue to be, dependent on our ability to retain the services of our Chairman, Joseph V. Taranto (age 72) and existing key executive officers and to attract and retain additional qualified personnel in the future. The loss of the services of any key executive officer or the inability to hire and retain other highly qualified personnel in the future could adversely affect our ability to conduct business. Generally, we consider key executive officers to be those individuals who have the greatest influence in setting overall policy and controlling operations: President and Chief Executive Officer, Juan C. Andrade (age 56); Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Mark Kociancic (age 52), Executive Vice President, Group, Chief Operating Officer and Head of Reinsurance Division, Jim Williamson (age 48), Executive Vice President, General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer and Secretary, Sanjoy Mukherjee (age 55) and Executive Vice President, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Everest Insurance^® Division, Mike Karmilowicz (age 53). We have employment contracts with all of our key officers, which contain automatic renewal provisions that provide for the contracts to continue indefinitely unless sooner terminated in accordance with the contract or as otherwise may be agreed.

Our investment values and investment income could decline because they are exposed to interest rate, credit and market risks.

A significant portion of our investment portfolio consists of fixed income securities and smaller portions consist of equity securities and other investments. Both the fair market value of our invested assets and associated investment income fluctuate depending on general economic and market conditions. For example, the fair market value of our predominant fixed income portfolio generally increases or decreases inversely to fluctuations in interest rates. The market value of our fixed income securities could also decrease as a result of a downturn in the business cycle that causes the credit quality of such securities to deteriorate. The net investment income that we realize from future investments in fixed income securities will generally increase or decrease with interest rates.

Interest rate fluctuations also can cause net investment income from fixed income investments that carry prepayment risk, such as mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, to differ from the income anticipated from those securities at the time of purchase. In addition, if issuers of individual investments are unable to meet their obligations, investment income will be reduced and realized capital losses may arise.

The majority of our fixed income securities are classified as available for sale and temporary changes in the market value of these investments are reflected as changes to our stockholder’s equity. Our actively managed equity security portfolios are fair valued and any changes in fair value are reflected as net realized capital gains or losses. As a result, a decline in the value of our securities reduces our capital or could cause us to incur a loss.

We have invested a portion of our investment portfolio in equity securities. The value of these assets fluctuates with changes in the markets. In times of economic weakness, the fair value of these assets may decline, and may

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negatively impact net income. We also invest in non-traditional investments which have different risk characteristics than traditional fixed income and equity securities. These alternative investments are comprised primarily of private equity limited partnerships. The changes in value and investment income/(loss) for these partnerships may be more volatile than over-the-counter securities.

We may experience foreign currency exchange losses that reduce our net income and capital levels.

Through our international operations, we conduct business in a variety of foreign (non-U.S.) currencies, principally the Canadian dollar and the Singapore dollar. Assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies are exposed to changes in currency exchange rates. Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, and exchange rate fluctuations, especially relative to the U.S. dollar, may materially impact our results and financial position. In 2021, we wrote approximately 15.8% of our coverages in non-U.S. currencies; as of December 31, 2021, we maintained approximately 8.3% of our investment portfolio in investments denominated in non-U.S. currencies. During 2021, 2020 and 2019, the impact on our quarterly pre-tax net income from exchange rate fluctuations ranged from a loss of $7.7 million to a gain of $9.3 million.

Changes in the method for determining LIBOR and the potential replacement of LIBOR may affect our cost of capital and net investment income.

On July 27, 2017, the UK Financial Conduct Authority announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit LIBOR rates after 2021, which is expected to result in these widely used reference rates no longer being available. In 2020 it was announced that most LIBOR rates would continue to be published until June 2023. Potential changes to LIBOR, as well as uncertainty related to such potential changes and the establishment of any alternative reference rates, may adversely affect the market for LIBOR-based securities and could adversely impact the interest rate on our long-term subordinate notes. In addition, the discontinuance of LIBOR or changes or reforms to the determination or supervision of LIBOR may result in a sudden or prolonged increase or decrease in reported LIBOR, which could have an adverse impact on the market for LIBOR-based securities or the value of our investment portfolio.

We are subject to cybersecurity risks that could negatively impact our business operations.

We are dependent upon our information technology platform, including our processing systems, data and electronic transmissions in our business operations. Security breaches could expose us to the loss or misuse of our information, litigation and potential liability. In addition, cyber incidents that impact the availability, reliability, speed, accuracy or other proper functioning of these systems could have a significant negative impact on our operations and possibly our results. An incident could also result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, damage our reputation, cause a loss of customers or give rise to monetary fines and other penalties, which could be significant. Management is not aware of a cybersecurity incident that has had a material impact on our operations.

The NAIC has adopted an Insurance Data Security Model Law, which, when adopted by the states will require insurers, insurance producers and other entities required to be licensed under state insurance laws to comply with certain requirements under state insurance laws, such as developing and maintaining a written information security program, conducting risk assessments and overseeing the data security practices of third-party vendors. In addition, certain state insurance regulators are developing or have developed regulations that may impose regulatory requirements relating to cybersecurity on insurance and reinsurance companies (potentially including insurance and reinsurance companies that are not domiciled, but are licensed, in the relevant state). For example, the New York State Department of Financial Services has adopted a regulation pertaining to cybersecurity for all banking and insurance entities under its jurisdiction, effective as of March 1, 2017, which applies to us. We cannot predict the impact these laws and regulations will have on our business, financial condition or results of operations, but our insurance and reinsurance companies could incur additional costs resulting from compliance with such laws and regulations.

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The continuing COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected, and may materially and adversely affect, our results of operations, financial position and liquidity in the future.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, including the related impact on the U.S. and global economies, has adversely affected our results of operations. We expect the pandemic and its impact on our business to continue and potentially even worsen, but we cannot predict the magnitude or duration of its continued impact, particularly given the great uncertainties associated with COVID-19, including regarding the reopening of the U.S. and global economies and the recovery from its economic and other effects. The full impact of COVID-19 on our results of operations, financial position and liquidity is not yet known, and likely will not be known for some time, but includes the following:

Claim Losses Related to COVID-19 May Exceed Reserves: We have established reserves for COVID-19-related losses. Our reserves represent management’s best estimate of what the settlement and claims administration will cost for claims that have occurred, whether reported or unreported. Given the great uncertainties associated with COVID-19 and its impact and the limited information upon which our current assumptions and assessments have been made, our preliminary reserves and the underlying estimated level of claim losses and costs arising from COVID-19 may materially change.

Adverse Legislative and Regulatory Action: Legislative and regulatory initiatives taken or which may be taken in response to COVID-19 may adversely affect us. For example, our business may be subject to, certain initiatives, including, but not limited to: legislative and regulatory action that seeks to retroactively mandate coverage for losses which our insurance policies would not otherwise cover and which were not priced to cover; actions prohibiting us from cancelling insurance policies in accordance with our policy terms or non-renewing policies at their natural expiration; and/or orders to provide premium refunds, grant extended grace periods for premium payments, and provide extended time to pay past due premiums. Any such action would likely increase both our underwriting losses and our expenses and any legal challenges to any such action could take years to resolve.

Reduction in Premiums: The demand for insurance is significantly influenced by general economic conditions. Consequently, reduced economic activity relating to the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to decrease demand for our insurance products and services and negatively impact our premium volumes (and, in certain cases, may result in return of premiums due to a decrease in exposures). This may continue for an indefinite period, with the magnitude of the impact impossible to predict.

Investments: Further disruptions in global financial markets due to the continuing impact of COVID-19 could cause us to incur additional unrealized and/or realized investment losses, including credit impairments in our fixed maturity portfolio. In addition, the economic uncertainty resulting from COVID-19 may result in a decline in interest rates, which may negatively impact our future net investment income.

Credit Risk: As credit risk is generally a function of the economy, we face greater credit risk from our policyholders, independent agents and brokers in connection with the payment and remittance of premiums as a result of the economic conditions caused by COVID-19. Similarly, our credit risk related to the reimbursement of deductibles from policyholders and in connection with reinsurance recoverables has increased.

Operational Disruptions and Costs: Our operations could be disrupted if key members of our senior management or a significant percentage of our workforce or the workforce of our agents, brokers, suppliers or other third party service providers are unable to continue to work because of illness, government directives or otherwise. In addition, our agents, brokers, suppliers and other third party service providers, which we rely on for key aspects of our operations, are subject to risks and uncertainties related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which may interfere with their ability to fulfill their respective commitments and responsibilities to us in a timely manner and in accordance with the agreed-upon terms. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have implemented remote working policies which have resulted in disruptions to our business routines, heightened risk to cybersecurity attacks and data security incidents and a greater dependency on internet and telecommunication access and capabilities.

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Risks Relating to Regulation

Insurance laws and regulations restrict our ability to operate and any failure to comply with those laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We are subject to extensive and increasing regulation under U.S., state and foreign insurance laws. These laws limit the amount of dividends that can be paid to us by our operating subsidiaries, impose restrictions on the amount and type of investments that we can hold, prescribe solvency, accounting and internal control standards that must be met and maintained and require us to maintain reserves. These laws also require disclosure of material inter-affiliate transactions and require prior approval of “extraordinary” transactions. Such “extraordinary” transactions include declaring dividends from operating subsidiaries that exceed statutory thresholds. These laws also generally require approval of changes of control of insurance companies. The application of these laws could affect our liquidity and ability to pay dividends, interest and other payments on securities, as applicable, and could restrict our ability to expand our business operations through acquisitions of new insurance subsidiaries. We may not have or maintain all required licenses and approvals or fully comply with the wide variety of applicable laws and regulations or the relevant authority’s interpretation of the laws and regulations. If we do not have the requisite licenses and approvals or do not comply with applicable regulatory requirements, the insurance regulatory authorities could preclude or temporarily suspend us from carrying on some or all of our activities or monetarily penalize us. These types of actions could have a material adverse effect on our business. To date, no material fine, penalty or restriction has been imposed on us for failure to comply with any insurance law or regulation.

As a result of the previous dislocation of the financial markets, Congress and the previous Presidential administration in the United States implemented changes in the way the financial services industry is regulated. Some of these changes are also impacting the insurance industry. For example, the U.S. Treasury established the Federal Insurance Office with the authority to monitor all aspects of the insurance sector, monitor the extent to which traditionally underserved communities and consumers have access to affordable non-health insurance products, to represent the United States on prudential aspects of international insurance matters, to assist with administration of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program and to advise on important national and international insurance matters. In addition, several European regulatory bodies are in process of updating existing or developing new capital adequacy directives for insurers and reinsurers. The future impact of such initiatives or new initiatives from the current Government Administration, if any, on our operation, net income (loss) or financial condition cannot be determined at this time.

Risk Relating to our seCURITIES

Because of our holding company structure, our ability to pay dividends, interest and principal is dependent on our receipt of dividends, loan payments and other funds from our subsidiaries.

We are a holding company, whose most significant asset consists of the stock of our operating subsidiaries. As a result, our ability to pay dividends, interest or other payments on our securities in the future will depend on the earnings and cash flows of the operating subsidiaries and the ability of the subsidiaries to pay dividends or to advance or repay funds to us. This ability is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, regulatory and other factors beyond our control. Payment of dividends and advances and repayments from some of the operating subsidiaries are regulated by U.S., state and foreign insurance laws and regulatory restrictions, including minimum solvency and liquidity thresholds. Accordingly, the operating subsidiaries may not be able to pay dividends or advance or repay funds to us in the future, which could prevent us from paying dividends, interest or other payments on our securities.

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Risk Relating to taxation

If U.S. tax law changes, our net income may be impacted.

The 2017 TCJA addressed what some members of Congress had expressed concern about for several years, which was U.S. corporations moving their place of incorporation to low-tax jurisdictions to obtain a competitive advantage over domestic corporations that are subject to the U.S. corporate income tax rate of 21%. Specifically, it addressed their concern over a perceived competitive advantage that foreign-controlled insurers and reinsurers may have had over U.S. controlled insurers and reinsurers resulting from the purchase of reinsurance by U.S. insurers from affiliates operating in some foreign jurisdictions, including Bermuda. Such affiliated reinsurance transactions may subject the U.S. ceding companies to a Base Erosion and Anti-abuse Tax (“BEAT”) of 10% from 2019 to 2025 and 12.5% thereafter which may exceed its regular income tax. In addition, new legislation as well as proposed and final regulations may further limit the ability of the Company to execute alternative capital balancing transactions with unrelated parties. This would further impact our net income and effective tax rate.

ITEM 1B.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2.PROPERTIES

Everest Re’s corporate offices are located in approximately 321,500 square feet of leased office space in Warren, New Jersey. The Company’s other 17 locations occupy a total of approximately 212,800 square feet, all of which are leased.

ITEM 3.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in lawsuits, arbitrations and other formal and informal dispute resolution procedures, the outcomes of which will determine the Company’s rights and obligations under insurance and reinsurance agreements. In some disputes, the Company seeks to enforce its rights under an agreement or to collect funds owing to it. In other matters, the Company is resisting attempts by others to collect funds or enforce alleged rights. These disputes arise from time to time and are ultimately resolved through both informal and formal means, including negotiated resolution, arbitration and litigation. In all such matters, the Company believes that its positions are legally and commercially reasonable. The Company considers the statuses of these proceedings when determining its reserves for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses.

Aside from litigation and arbitrations related to these insurance and reinsurance agreements, the Company is not a party to any other material litigation or arbitration.

ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5.MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information and Holder of Common Stock.

As of December 31, 2021, all of the Company’s common stock was owned by Holdings Ireland and was not publicly traded.

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Dividend History and Restrictions.

The Company did not pay any dividends in 2021, 2020 and 2019. The declaration and payment of future dividends, if any, by the Company will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon many factors, including the Company’s earnings, financial condition, business needs and growth objectives, capital and surplus requirements of its operating subsidiaries, regulatory restrictions, rating agency considerations and other factors. As an insurance holding company, the Company is dependent on dividends and other permitted payments from its subsidiaries to pay cash dividends to its stockholder. The payment of dividends to Holdings by Everest Re is subject to limitations imposed by Delaware law. Generally, Everest Re may only pay dividends out of its statutory earned surplus, which was $5.7 billion at December 31, 2021, and only after it has given 10 days prior notice to the Delaware Insurance Commissioner. During this 10-day period, the Commissioner may, by order, limit or disallow the payment of ordinary dividends if the Commissioner finds the insurer to be presently or potentially in financial distress. Further, the maximum amount of dividends that may be paid without the prior approval of the Delaware Insurance Commissioner in any twelve month period is the greater of (1) 10% of an insurer’s statutory surplus as of the end of the prior calendar year or (2) the insurer’s statutory net income, not including realized capital gains, for the prior calendar year. The maximum amount that is available for the payment of dividends by Everest Re in 2022 without prior regulatory approval is $571.7 million.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

None.

ITEM 6.SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Information for Item 6 is not required pursuant to General Instruction I(2) of Form 10-K.

ITEM 7.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION

The following is a discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition. It should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes thereto presented under ITEM 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”.

Industry Conditions.

The worldwide reinsurance and insurance businesses are highly competitive, as well as cyclical by product and market. As such, financial results tend to fluctuate with periods of constrained availability, higher rates and stronger profits followed by periods of abundant capacity, lower rates and constrained profitability. Competition in the types of reinsurance and insurance business that we underwrite is based on many factors, including the perceived overall financial strength of the reinsurer or insurer, ratings of the reinsurer or insurer by A.M. Best and/or Standard & Poor’s, underwriting expertise, the jurisdictions where the reinsurer or insurer is licensed or otherwise authorized, capacity and coverages offered, premiums charged, other terms and conditions of the reinsurance and insurance business offered, services offered, speed of claims payment and reputation and experience in lines written. Furthermore, the market impact from these competitive factors related to reinsurance and insurance is generally not consistent across lines of business, domestic and international geographical areas and distribution channels.

We compete in the U.S. and international reinsurance and insurance markets with numerous global competitors. Our competitors include independent reinsurance and insurance companies, subsidiaries or affiliates of established worldwide insurance companies, reinsurance departments of certain insurance companies, domestic and international underwriting operations, and certain government sponsored risk transfer vehicles. Some of these competitors have greater financial resources than we do and have established long term and continuing business relationships, which can be a significant competitive advantage. In addition, the lack of strong barriers to entry into the reinsurance business and recently, the securitization of reinsurance and insurance risks through capital markets provide additional sources of potential reinsurance and insurance capacity and competition.

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Worldwide insurance and reinsurance market conditions historically have been competitive. Generally, there was ample insurance and reinsurance capacity relative to demand, as well as, additional capital from the capital markets through insurance linked financial instruments. These financial instruments such as side cars, catastrophe bonds and collateralized reinsurance funds, provided capital markets with access to insurance and reinsurance risk exposure. The capital markets demand for these products was being primarily driven by a low interest environment and the desire to achieve greater risk diversification and potentially higher returns on their investments. This increased competition was generally having a negative impact on rates, terms and conditions; however, the impact varies widely by market and coverage.

The industry continues to deal with the impacts of a global pandemic, COVID-19 and its subsequent variants. We activated our operational resiliency plan across our global footprint and all of our critical operations are functioning effectively from remote locations. We continue to service and meet the needs of our clients while ensuring the safety and health of our employees and customers.

Prior to the pandemic, there was a growing industry consensus that there was some firming of (re)insurance rates for the areas impacted by the recent catastrophes. The increased frequency of catastrophe losses in 2020 and 2021 appears to be further pressuring the increase of rates. As business activity continues to regain strength, rates also appear to be firming in most lines of business, particularly in the casualty lines that had seen significant losses such as excess casualty and directors’ and officers’ liability. Other casualty lines are experiencing modest rate increase, while some lines such as workers’ compensation were experiencing softer market conditions. It is too early to tell what the impact on pricing conditions will be but it is likely to change depending on the line of business and geography.

While we are unable to predict the full impact the pandemic will have on the insurance industry as it continues to have a negative impact on the global economy, we are well positioned to continue to service our clients. Our capital position remains a source of strength, with high quality invested assets, significant liquidity and a low operating expense ratio. Our diversified global platform with its broad mix of products, distribution and geography is resilient.

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Financial Summary.

We monitor and evaluate our overall performance based upon financial results. The following table displays a summary of the consolidated net income (loss), ratios and stockholder’s equity for the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,						Percentage Increase/(Decrease)
(Dollars in millions)	2021		2020		2019		2021/2020		2020/2019
Gross written premiums	$	9,331.0	$	7,957.0	$	7,053.1		17.3%	12.8%
Net written premiums		7,719.4		6,638.7		5,774.9		16.3%	15.0%
REVENUES:
Premiums earned	$	7,178.6	$	6,406.6	$	5,489.0		12.1%	16.7%
Net investment income		745.0		375.9		356.2		98.2%	5.5%
Net realized capital gains (losses)		501.3		49.8		419.4		NM	-88.1%
Other income (expense)		23.4		(14.6)		(1.6)		NM	NM
Total revenues		8,448.2		6,817.7		6,263.0		23.9%	8.9%
CLAIMS AND EXPENSES:
Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses		5,386.9		4,608.1		3,829.1		16.9%	20.3%
Commission, brokerage, taxes and fees		1,512.5		1,373.4		1,270.1		10.1%	8.1%
Other underwriting expenses		454.1		401.0		350.9		13.2%	14.3%
Corporate expense		33.3		16.0		13.1		108.5%	22.4%
Interest, fee and bond issue cost amortization expense		70.0		35.7		34.9		96.2%	2.1%
Total claims and expenses		7,456.8		6,434.2		5,498.1		15.9%	17.0%
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE TAXES		991.5		383.5		765.0		158.5%	-49.9%
Income tax expense (benefit)		191.6		31.7		135.2		NM	-76.6%
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$	799.8	$	351.9	$	629.7		127.3%	-44.1%
RATIOS:								Point Change
Loss ratio		75.0%		71.9%		69.8%		3.1	2.1
Commission and brokerage ratio		21.1%		21.4%		23.1%		(0.3)	(1.7)
Other underwriting expense ratio		6.3%		6.3%		6.4%		-	(0.1)
Combined ratio		102.4%		99.6%		99.3%		2.8	0.3
	At December 31,						Percentage Increase/ (Decrease)
(Dollars in millions)	2021		2020		2019		2021/2020		2020/2019
Balance sheet data:
Total investments and cash	$	19,718.8	$	15,910.2	$	11,956.3		23.9%	33.1%
Total assets		27,695.0		23,640.2		19,626.1		17.2%	20.5%
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves		13,121.2		11,578.1		10,129.1		13.3%	14.3%
Total debt		3,088.6		1,910.4		633.8		61.7%	201.4%
Total liabilities		20,656.9		17,225.9		13,768.7		19.9%	25.1%
Stockholder's equity		7,038.0		6,414.3		5,857.4		9.7%	9.5%
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding)
(NM, not meaningful)

Revenues.

Premiums. Gross written premiums increased by 17.3% to $9.3 billion in 2021, compared to $8.0 billion in 2020, reflecting a $762.5 million, or 14.5%, increase in our reinsurance business and a $611.5 million, or 22.7%, increase

17

in our insurance business. The rise in reinsurance premiums was due to increases in most lines of business, notably casualty pro rata business, casualty excess of loss business, property pro rata business and property catastrophe excess of loss business as well as positive impact from the movement of foreign exchange rates. The rise in insurance premiums was mainly due to increases in specialty casualty business, professional liability business and short tail business, including property. Net written premiums increased by 16.3% to $7.7 billion in 2021, compared to $6.6 billion in 2020 which is consistent with the change in gross written premiums. Premiums earned increased by 12.1% to $7.2 billion in 2021, compared to $6.4 billion in 2020. The change in premiums earned relative to net written premiums is the result of timing; premiums are earned ratably over the coverage period whereas written premiums are recorded at the initiation of the coverage period.

Other Income (Expense). We recorded other income of $23.4 million and other expense of $14.6 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. The changes were primarily the result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

Claims and Expenses.

Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses. The following table presents our incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) for the periods indicated.

	Total
	Current		Ratio %/		Prior		Ratio %/		Total		Ratio %/
(Dollars in millions)	Year		Pt Change		Years		Pt Change		Incurred		Pt Change
2021
Attritional (a)	$	4,438.8	61.8%		$	8.0	0.1%		$	4,446.9	61.9%
Catastrophes		942.7	13.1%			(2.7)	—%			940.0	13.1%
Total	$	5,381.5	74.9%		$	5.3	0.1%		$	5,386.9	75.0%
2020
Attritional (a)	$	3,997.2	62.4%		$	213.5	3.3%		$	4,210.8	65.7%
Catastrophes		410.6	6.4%			(13.2)	-0.2%			397.4	6.2%
Total	$	4,407.8	68.8%		$	200.3	3.1%		$	4,608.1	71.9%
2019
Attritional (a)	$	3,271.4	59.6%		$	(16.0)	-0.3%		$	3,255.5	59.3%
Catastrophes		513.3	9.4%			60.3	1.1%			573.7	10.5%
Total	$	3,784.8	69.0%		$	44.4	0.8%		$	3,829.1	69.8%
Variance 2021/2020
Attritional (a)	$	441.6	(0.6)	pts	$	(205.5)	(3.2)	pts	$	236.1	(3.8)	pts
Catastrophes		532.2	6.7	pts		10.4	0.2	pts		542.6	6.9	pts
Total	$	973.8	6.1	pts	$	(195.0)	(3.0)	pts	$	778.7	3.1	pts
Variance 2020/2019
Attritional (a)	$	725.8	2.8	pts	$	229.5	3.6	pts	$	955.3	6.4	pts
Catastrophes		(102.7)	(3.0)	pts		(73.5)	(1.3)	pts		(176.3)	(4.3)	pts
Total	$	623.0	(0.2)	pts	$	155.9	2.3	pts	$	779.0	2.1	pts
(a) Attritional losses exclude catastrophe losses.
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

Incurred losses and LAE increased by 16.9% to $5.4 billion in 2021 compared to $4.6 billion in 2020, primarily due to an increase of $532.2 million in current year catastrophe losses and an increase of $441.6 million in current year attritional losses including the impact of a change in the Company’s reinsurance program with an affiliate,

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partially offset by more favorable development on prior year attritional losses in 2021 compared to 2020. The increase is current year attritional losses was mainly related to the impact of the increase in premiums earned, partially mitigated by $154.8 million of COVID-19 losses incurred in 2020 which did not recur in 2021, and an increase of $532.2 million in current year catastrophe losses. The current year catastrophe losses of $942.7 million in 2021 primarily related to Hurricane Ida ($423.2 million), the Texas winter storms ($288.2 million), the European floods ($107.8 million), the Canada drought loss ($80.0 million) and the Quad State Tornadoes ($42.0 million), with the rest of the losses emanating from the 2021 Australia floods. The current year catastrophe losses of $410.6 million in 2020 related to Hurricane Laura ($115.0 million), the Northern California wildfires ($44.1 million), Hurricane Zeta ($36.5 million), Hurricane Sally ($31.4 million), the California Glass wildfire ($29.5 million), the Nashville tornadoes ($22.8 million), the Derecho storms ($20.5 million), Hurricane Isaias ($20.0 million), Hurricane Delta ($18.5 million), the Calgary storms in Canada ($17.4 million), Oregon wildfires ($17.0 million), the U.S. Civil Unrest ($14.5 million) the Queensland hailstorm ($10.0 million), the Australia East Coast storm ($6.8 million) and the 2020 Australia fires ($6.5 million).

Commission, Brokerage, Taxes and Fees. Commission, brokerage, taxes and fees increased to $1.5 billion in 2021 compared to $1.4 billion in 2020. The increase was mainly due to increases in premiums earned and changes in the mix of business.

Other Underwriting Expenses. Other underwriting expenses were $454.1 million and $401.0 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in other underwriting expenses in 2021 was mainly due to the continued build out of our insurance operations and growth overall; broadly in line with the year over year increase in premiums earned.

Corporate Expenses. Corporate expenses, which are general operating expenses that are not allocated to segments, were $33.3 million and $16.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The variances were mainly due to higher compensation costs from increased staff count.

Interest, Fees and Bond Issue Cost Amortization Expense. Interest, fees and other bond amortization expense were $70.0 million and $35.7 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to the issuance of $1.0 billion of senior notes in October 2020 and the issuance of $1.0 billion of senior notes in October 2021. Interest expense was also impacted by the movements in the floating interest rate related to the long term subordinated notes, which is reset quarterly per the note agreement. The floating rate was 2.54% as of December 31, 2021.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit). The Company had an income tax expense of $191.6 million and $31.7 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. Variations in income taxes generally result from changes in the relative levels of pre-tax income, including the impact of catastrophe losses and net capital gains (losses) as well as changes in tax exempt investment income and creditable foreign taxes. The change in income tax expense resulted primarily from higher investment income, capital gains and earned premiums offset by an increase in catastrophe losses.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act, enacted on March 27, 2020, provided that U.S. companies could carryback for five years net operating losses incurred in 2018, 2019 and/or 2020. This beneficial tax provision in the CARES Act enabled the Company to carryback its significant 2018 net operating losses to prior tax years with higher effective tax rates of 35% versus 21% in 2018 and later years. As a result, the Company was able to record a net income tax benefit from the five-year carryback of $32.5 million and obtain federal income tax cash refunds of $182.5 million including interest in 2020.

Net Income (Loss).

Our net income was $799.8 million and $351.9 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. The change was primarily driven by the financial component fluctuations explained above.

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Ratios.

Our combined ratio increased by 2.8 points to 102.4% in 2021 compared to 99.6% in 2020. The loss ratio component increased by 3.1 points in 2021 over the same period last year. The increase was mainly due to higher current year catastrophe losses, partially offset by COVID 19 losses in 2020 which did not recur in 2021. The commission and brokerage ratio component decreased to 21.1% in 2021 compared to 21.4% in 2020, reflecting changes in affiliated reinsurance agreements and changes in the mix of business. The other underwriting expense ratio remained the same at 6.3% in 2021 and 2020.

Stockholder's Equity.

Stockholder’s equity increased by $623.7 million to $7.0 billion at December 31, 2021 from $6.4 billion at December 31, 2020, principally as a result of $799.8 million of net income and $23.5 million of net benefit plan obligation adjustments, partially offset by $191.3 million of net unrealized depreciation on investments, net of tax and $8.7 million of net foreign currency translation adjustments.

Consolidated Investment Results

Net Investment Income.

Net investment income increased by 98.2% to $745.0 million in 2021 compared to $375.9 million in 2020. The increase in 2021 was primarily the result of a significant increase in limited partnership income and higher income from other alternative investments. The limited partnership income primarily reflects increases in their reported net asset values. As such, until these asset values are monetized and the resultant income is distributed, they are subject to future increases or decreases in the asset value, and the results may be volatile.

The following table shows the components of net investment income for the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2021		2020		2019
Fixed maturities	$	343.7	$	305.4	$	273.1
Equity securities		15.3		11.5		10.8
Short-term investments and cash		0.5		3.0		10.2
Other invested assets
Limited partnerships		321.1		48.9		43.3
Dividends from preferred shares of affiliate		31.0		31.0		31.0
Other		62.9		1.7		14.1
Gross investment income before adjustments		774.5		401.5		382.6
Funds held interest income (expense)		7.7		5.7		6.5
Interest income from Parent		6.0		5.2		0.2
Gross investment income		788.1		412.3		389.3
Investment expenses		(43.1)		(36.4)		(33.1)
Net investment income	$	745.0	$	375.9	$	356.2
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

The following table shows a comparison of various investment yields for the periods indicated:

	2021		2020		2019
Annualized pre-tax yield on average cash and invested assets	4.4	%	2.8	%	3.2	%
Annualized after-tax yield on average cash and invested assets	3.5	%	2.3	%	2.6	%

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Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses).

The following table presents the composition of our net realized capital gains (losses) for the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,						2021/2020		2020/2019
(Dollars in millions)	2021		2020		2019		Variance		Variance
Gains (losses) from sales:
Fixed maturity securities, market value
Gains	$	32.7	$	24.2	$	24.7	$	8.5	$	(0.5)
Losses		(24.5)		(56.8)		(17.1)		32.3		(39.7)
Total		8.2		(32.6)		7.6		40.8		(40.2)
Fixed maturity securities, fair value
Gains		—		—		0.4		—		(0.4)
Losses		—		(2.9)		—		2.9		(2.9)
Total		—		(2.9)		0.4		2.9		(3.3)
Equity securities, fair value
Gains		39.1		37.4		14.2		1.7		23.2
Losses		(14.6)		(45.3)		(10.1)		30.7		(35.2)
Total		24.4		(7.9)		4.1		32.3		(12.0)
Other invested assets
Gains		10.0		7.7		6.7		2.3		1.0
Losses		(3.8)		(6.0)		(0.7)		2.2		(5.3)
Total		6.2		1.7		6.0		4.5		(4.3)
Short Term Investments:
Gains		-		1.1		0.2		(1.1)		0.9
Losses		-		—		—		-		—
Total		—		1.1		0.2		(1.1)		0.9
Total net realized gains (losses) from sales
Gains		81.8		70.4		46.3		11.4		24.1
Losses		(43.0)		(111.0)		(27.9)		68.0		(83.1)
Total		38.8		(40.6)		18.4		79.4		(59.0)
Allowances for credit losses:		(25.9)		(1.6)		—		(24.3)		(1.6)
Other than temporary impairments:		—		—		(19.6)		—		19.6
Gains (losses) from fair value adjustments:
Fixed maturities, fair value		—		1.9		1.8		(1.9)		0.1
Equity securities, fair value		254.1		276.1		153.7		(22.0)		122.4
Other invested assets, fair value		234.3		(186.1)		265.2		420.4		(451.3)
Total		488.4		91.9		420.7		396.5		(328.8)
Total net realized gains (losses)	$	501.3	$	49.8	$	419.4	$	451.5	$	(369.6)

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(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

Segment Results.

The Company’s operations are comprised of its Reinsurance segment and its Insurance segment. These segments are managed independently, but conform with corporate guidelines with respect to pricing, risk management, control of aggregate catastrophe exposures, capital, investments and support operations. Management generally monitors and evaluates the financial performance of these operating segments based upon their underwriting results.

The following discusses the underwriting results for each of our segments for the periods indicated:

Reinsurance.

The following table presents the underwriting results and ratios for the Reinsurance segment for the periods indicated.

	Years Ended December 31,						2021/2020			2020/2019
(Dollars in millions)	2021		2020		2019		Variance		% Change	Variance		% Change
Gross written premiums	$	6,028.2	$	5,265.7	$	4,600.4	$	762.5	14.5%	$	665.3	14.5%
Net written premiums		5,264.7		4,632.3		3,923.8		632.4	13.7%		708.5	18.1%
Premiums earned	$	4,948.7	$	4,484.7	$	3,796.2	$	464.0	10.3%	$	688.5	18.1%
Incurred losses and LAE		3,761.1		3,209.2		2,692.7		551.9	17.2%		516.5	19.2%
Commission and brokerage		1,250.1		1,120.0		1,027.3		130.2	11.6%		92.7	9.0%
Other underwriting expenses		143.1		119.3		110.0		23.8	19.9%		9.3	8.5%
Underwriting gain (loss)	$	(205.6)	$	36.2	$	(33.9)	$	(241.9)	NM	$	70.1	(207.6)%
									Point Chg			Point Chg
Loss ratio		76.0%		71.6%		70.9%			4.4			0.7
Commission and brokerage ratio		25.3%		25.0%		27.1%			0.3			(2.1)
Other underwriting expense ratio		2.9%		2.6%		2.9%			0.3			(0.3)
Combined ratio		104.2%		99.2%		100.9%			5.0			(1.7)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding)

Premiums. Gross written premiums increased by 14.5% to $6.0 billion in 2021 from $5.3 billion in 2020, primarily due to increases in most lines of business, notably casualty pro rata business, casualty excess of loss business, property pro rata business and property catastrophe excess of loss business. Net written premiums increased by 13.7% to $5.3 billion in 2021 compared to $4.6 billion in 2020, which is consistent with the change in gross written premiums. Premiums earned increased 10.3% to $4.9 billion in 2021 compared to $4.5 billion in 2020. The change in premiums earned relative to net written premiums is the result of timing; premiums are earned ratably over the coverage period whereas written premiums are recorded at the initiation of the coverage period.

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Incurred Losses and LAE. The following table presents the incurred losses and LAE for the Reinsurance segment for the periods indicated.

	Years Ended December 31,
	Current		Ratio %/		Prior		Ratio %/		Total		Ratio %/
(Dollars in millions)	Year		Pt Change		Years		Pt Change		Incurred		Pt Change
2021
Attritional	$	3,003.7	60.7%		$	(31.8)	(0.6)%		$	2,971.9	60.1%
Catastrophes		791.9	16.0%			(2.7)	(0.1)%			789.2	15.9%
Total segment	$	3,795.6	76.7%		$	(34.5)	(0.7)%		$	3,761.1	76.0%
2020
Attritional	$	2,692.2	60.0%		$	187.3	4.2%		$	2,879.5	64.2%
Catastrophes		342.5	7.6%			(12.8)	(0.3)%			329.7	7.4%
Total segment	$	3,034.7	67.7%		$	174.5	3.9%		$	3,209.2	71.6%
2019
Attritional	$	2,140.1	56.4%		$	(15.4)	(0.4)%		$	2,124.7	56.0%
Catastrophes		509.3	13.4%			58.7	1.5%			568.0	14.9%
Total segment	$	2,649.4	69.8%		$	43.3	1.1%		$	2,692.7	70.9%
Variance 2021/2020
Attritional	$	311.5	0.7	pts	$	(219.1)	(4.8)	pts	$	92.4	(4.1)	pts
Catastrophes		449.3	8.4	pts		10.1	0.2	pts		459.4	8.5	pts
Total segment	$	760.9	9.0	pts	$	(209.0)	(4.6)	pts	$	551.8	4.4	pts
Variance 2020/2019
Attritional	$	552.1	3.6	pts	$	202.7	4.6	pts	$	754.8	8.2	pts
Catastrophes		(166.8)	(5.8)	pts		(71.5)	(1.8)	pts		(238.3)	(7.5)	pts
Total segment	$	385.3	(2.1)	pts	$	131.2	2.8	pts	$	516.5	0.7	pts
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

Incurred losses increased by 17.2% to $3.8 billion in 2021 compared to $3.2 billion in 2020. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $449.3 million in current years catastrophe losses and an increase of $311.5 million in current year attritional losses including the impact of a change in the Company’s reinsurance program with an affiliate, partially offset by more favorable development on prior years attritional losses in 2021 compared to 2020. The increase in current year attritional losses was primarily related to the impact of the increase in premiums earned, partially mitigated by $116.4 million of COVID-19 losses incurred in 2020 which did not recur in 2021. The current year catastrophe losses of $791.9 million in 2021 primarily related to Hurricane Ida ($344.9 million), the Texas winter storms ($230.7 million), the European floods ($107.8 million), the Canada drought loss ($80.0 million) and the Quad State Tornadoes ($27.0 million), with the rest of the losses emanating from the 2021 Australia floods. The current year catastrophe losses of $342.5 million in 2020 primarily related to Hurricane Laura ($96.5 million), the Northern California wildfires ($44.1 million), the California Glass wildfire ($29.5 million), Hurricane Zeta ($28.5 million), Hurricane Isaias ($17.8 million), the Derecho storms ($17.5 million), the Nashville tornadoes ($17.3 million), Oregon wildfires ($17.0 million), Hurricane Delta ($16.5 million), Hurricane Sally ($15.5 million), the Calgary storms in Canada ($14.9 million), the Queensland hailstorm ($10.0 million), the Australia East Coast storm ($6.8 million), the 2020 Australia fires ($6.5 million), and the U.S. Civil Unrest ($4.1 million).

Segment Expenses. Commission and brokerage increased to $1.3 billion in 2021 compared to $1.1 billion in 2020. The increase was mainly due to the impact of the increase in premiums earned and changes in the mix of

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business. Segment other underwriting expenses increased to $143.1 million in 2021 from $119.3 million in 2020, mainly due to the impact of the increase in premiums earned.

Insurance.

The following table presents the underwriting results and ratios for the Insurance segment for the periods indicated.

	Years Ended December 31,						2021/2020				2020/2019
(Dollars in millions)	2021		2020		2019		Variance		% Change		Variance		% Change
Gross written premiums	$	3,302.8	$	2,691.3	$	2,452.7	$	611.5		22.7%	$	238.6		9.7%
Net written premiums		2,454.8		2,006.4		1,851.2		448.4		22.3%		155.2		8.4%
Premiums earned	$	2,229.9	$	1,921.9	$	1,692.9	$	308.0		16.0%	$	229.0		13.5%
Incurred losses and LAE		1,625.8		1,399.0		1,136.4		226.9		16.2%		262.7		23.1%
Commission and brokerage		262.4		253.4		242.8		9.0		3.6%		10.6		4.4%
Other underwriting expenses		311.0		281.7		240.9		29.2		10.4%		40.7		16.9%
Underwriting gain (loss)	$	30.8	$	(12.2)	$	72.8	$	42.9		NM	$	(84.9)		(116.4)%
										Point Chg				Point Chg
Loss ratio		72.9%		72.8%		67.1%				0.1				5.7
Commission and brokerage ratio		11.8%		13.2%		14.3%				(1.4)				(1.1)
Other underwriting expense ratio		13.9%		14.6%		14.3%				(0.7)				0.3
Combined ratio		98.6%		100.6%		95.7%				(2.0)				4.9
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding)
(NM, not meaningful)

Premiums. Gross written premiums increased by 22.7% to $3.3 billion in 2021 compared to $2.7 billion in 2020. This increase was primarily due to increases in specialty casualty business, professional liability business and short tail business, including property. Net written premiums increased by 22.3% to $2.5 billion in 2021 compared $2.0 billion in 2020 which is consistent with the change in gross written premiums. Premiums earned increased 16.0% to $2.2 billion in 2021 compared to $1.9 billion in 2020. The change in premiums earned is the result of timing; premiums are earned ratably over the coverage period whereas written premiums are recorded at the initiation of the coverage period.

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Incurred Losses and LAE. The following table presents the incurred losses and LAE for the Insurance segment for the periods indicated.

	Years Ended December 31,
	Current		Ratio %/		Prior		Ratio %/		Total		Ratio %/
(Dollars in millions)	Year		Pt Change		Years		Pt Change		Incurred		Pt Change
2021
Attritional	$	1,435.1	64.4%		$	39.8	1.8%		$	1,475.0	66.1%
Catastrophes		150.8	6.8%			-	(0.0)%			150.8	6.8%
Total segment	$	1,586.0	71.1%		$	39.8	1.8%		$	1,625.8	72.9%
2020
Attritional	$	1,305.1	67.9%		$	26.3	1.4%		$	1,331.3	69.3%
Catastrophes		68.0	3.5%			(0.4)	(0.0)%			67.7	3.5%
Total segment	$	1,373.1	71.4%		$	25.9	1.3%		$	1,399.0	72.8%
2019
Attritional	$	1,131.3	66.8%		$	(0.5)	—%		$	1,130.8	66.8%
Catastrophes		4.0	0.2%			1.7	0.1%			5.7	0.3%
Total segment	$	1,135.3	67.0%		$	1.2	0.1%		$	1,136.4	67.1%
Variance 2021/2020
Attritional	$	130.1	(3.5)	pts	$	13.6	0.4	pts	$	143.7	(3.2)	pts
Catastrophes		82.8	3.3	pts		0.3	—	pts		83.2	3.3	pts
Total segment	$	212.9	(0.3)	pts	$	13.9	0.5	pts	$	226.8	0.1	pts
Variance 2020/2019
Attritional	$	173.8	1.1	pts	$	26.8	1.4	pts	$	200.6	2.5	pts
Catastrophes		64.0	3.3	pts		(2.1)	(0.1)	pts		62.0	3.2	pts
Total segment	$	237.8	4.4	pts	$	24.7	1.2	pts	$	262.7	5.7	pts
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

Incurred losses and LAE increased by 16.2% to $1.6 billion in 2021 compared to $1.4 billion in 2020, mainly due to an increase of $130.1 million of current year attritional losses and an increase of $82.8 million in current year catastrophe losses. The rise in current year attritional losses was primarily due to the impact of the increase in premiums earned, partially mitigated by $38.4 million of COVID-19 losses incurred in 2020 which did not recur in 2021. The $150.8 million of current year catastrophe losses in 2021, primarily related to Hurricane Ida ($78.3 million), the Texas winter storms ($57.5 million) and the Quad State Tornadoes ($15.0 million). The $68.0 million of current year catastrophe losses in 2020, primarily related to Hurricane Laura ($18.5 million), Hurricane Sally ($15.9 million), the U.S. Civil Unrest ($10.4 million), Hurricane Zeta ($8.0 million), the Nashville tornadoes ($5.5 million), the Derecho storms ($3.0 million), the Calgary storms in Canada ($2.5 million), Hurricane Isaias ($2.2 million), and Hurricane Delta ($2.0 million).

Segment Expenses. Commission and brokerage increased to $262.4 million in 2021 compared to $253.4 million in 2020. Segment other underwriting expenses increased to $311.0 million in 2021 compared to $281.7 million in 2020. The increases were mainly due to the impact of the increases in premiums earned and expenses related to the continued build out of the insurance business.

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SAFE HARBOR DISCLOSURE

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. federal securities laws. We intend these forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements in the federal securities laws. In some cases, these statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “expect”, “plan”, “believe”, “predict”, “potential” and “intend”. Forward-looking statements contained in this report include information regarding our reserves for losses and LAE, the impact of the TCJA, the adequacy of our provision for uncollectible balances, estimates of our catastrophe exposure, the effects of catastrophic and pandemic events on our financial statements and the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends. Forward-looking statements only reflect our expectations and are not guarantees of performance. These statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual events or results may differ materially from our expectations. Important factors that could cause our actual events or results to be materially different from our expectations include those discussed under the caption ITEM 1A, “Risk Factors”. We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

ITEM 7A.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market Sensitive Instruments.

The SEC’s Financial Reporting Release #48 requires registrants to clarify and expand upon the existing financial statement disclosure requirements for derivative financial instruments, derivative commodity instruments and other financial instruments (collectively, “market sensitive instruments”). We do not generally enter into market sensitive instruments for trading purposes.

Our current investment strategy seeks to maximize after-tax income through a high quality, diversified, fixed maturity portfolio, while maintaining an adequate level of liquidity. The fixed maturity securities in the investment portfolio are comprised of non-trading available for sale securities. Additionally, we have invested in equity securities, private equity and private placement loans.

The overall investment strategy considers the scope of present and anticipated Company operations. In particular, estimates of the financial impact resulting from non-investment asset and liability transactions, together with our capital structure and other factors, are used to develop a net liability analysis. This analysis includes estimated payout characteristics for which our investments provide liquidity. This analysis is considered in the development of specific investment strategies for asset allocation, duration and credit quality. The change in overall market sensitive risk exposure principally reflects the asset changes that took place during the period.

Interest Rate Risk. Our $19.7 billion investment portfolio, at December 31, 2021, is principally comprised of fixed maturity securities, which are generally subject to interest rate risk and some foreign currency exchange rate risk, and some equity securities, which are subject to price fluctuations and some foreign exchange rate risk. The overall economic impact of the foreign exchange risks on the investment portfolio is partially mitigated by changes in the dollar value of foreign currency denominated liabilities and their associated income statement impact.

Interest rate risk is the potential change in value of the fixed maturity securities portfolio, including short-term investments, from a change in market interest rates. In a declining interest rate environment, it includes prepayment risk on the $1.9 billion of mortgage-backed securities in the $12.9 billion fixed maturity portfolio. Prepayment risk results from potential accelerated principal payments that shorten the average life and thus the expected yield of the security.

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The table below displays the potential impact of market value fluctuations and after-tax unrealized appreciation on our fixed maturity portfolio (including $695.9 million of short-term investments) for the period indicated based on upward and downward parallel and immediate 100 and 200 basis point shifts in interest rates. For legal entities with a U.S. dollar functional currency, this modeling was performed on each security individually. To generate appropriate price estimate on mortgage-backed securities, changes in prepayment expectations under different interest rate environments were taken into account. For legal entities with non-U.S. dollar functional currency, the effective duration of the involved portfolio of securities was used as a proxy for the market value change under the various interest rate change scenarios.

	Impact of Interest Rate Shift in Basis Points
	At December 31, 2021
(Dollars in millions)	-200			-100			O			100			200
Total Market/Fair Value	$	14,300.0		$	13,927.9		$	13,556.3		$	13,184.7		$	12,813.1
Market/Fair Value Change from Base (%)		5.5	%		2.7	%		-	%		-2.7	%		-5.5	%
Change in Unrealized Appreciation
After-tax from Base ($)	$	587.2		$	293.6		$	—		$	(293.6)		$	(587.2)

	Impact of Interest Rate Shift in Basis Points
	At December 31, 2020
(Dollars in millions)	-200			-100			O			100			200
Total Market/Fair Value	$	12,041.1		$	11,696.3		$	11,351.5		$	11,006.7		$	10,661.9
Market/Fair Value Change from Base (%)		6.1	%		3.0	%		-	%		-3.0	%		-6.1	%
Change in Unrealized Appreciation
After-tax from Base ($)	$	544.8		$	272.4		$	—		$	(272.4)		$	(544.8)

We had $13.1 billion and $11.6 billion of gross reserves for losses and LAE as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. These amounts are recorded at their nominal value, as opposed to present value, which would reflect a discount adjustment to reflect the time value of money. Since losses are paid out over a period of time, the present value of the reserves is less than the nominal value. As interest rates rise, the present value of the reserves decreases and, conversely, as interest rates decline, the present value increases. These movements are the opposite of the interest rate impacts on the fair value of investments. While the difference between present value and nominal value is not reflected in our financial statements, our financial results will include investment income over time from the investment portfolio until the claims are paid. Our loss and loss reserve obligations have an expected duration that is reasonably consistent with our fixed income portfolio.

Equity Risk. Equity risk is the potential change in fair and/or market value of the common stock, preferred stock and mutual fund portfolios arising from changing prices. Our equity investments consist of a diversified portfolio of individual securities. The primary objective of the equity portfolio is to obtain greater total return relative to our core bonds over time through market appreciation and income.

27

The table below displays the impact on fair/market value and after-tax change in fair/market value of a 10% and 20% change in equity prices up and down for the periods indicated.

	Impact of Percentage Change in Equity Fair/Market Values
	At December 31, 2021
(Dollars in millions)	-20%		-10%		0%		10%		20%
Fair/Market Value of the Equity Portfolio	$	1,406.2	$	1,582.0	$	1,757.8	$	1,933.6	$	2,109.4
After-tax Change in Fair/Market Value		(277.7)		(138.9)		—		138.9		277.7

	Impact of Percentage Change in Equity Fair/Market Values
	At December 31, 2020
(Dollars in millions)	-20%		-10%		0%		10%		20%
Fair/Market Value of the Equity Portfolio	$	1,031.0	$	1,159.9	$	1,288.8	$	1,417.6	$	1,546.5
After-tax Change in Fair/Market Value		(203.6)		(101.8)		—		101.8		203.6

Foreign Currency Risk. Foreign currency risk is the potential change in value, income and cash flow arising from adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Each of our non-U.S. (“foreign”) operations maintains capital in the currency of the country of its geographic location consistent with local regulatory guidelines. Each foreign operation may conduct business in its local currency, as well as the currency of other countries in which it operates. The primary foreign currency exposures for these foreign operations are the Singapore and Canadian Dollars. We mitigate foreign exchange exposure by generally matching the currency and duration of our assets to our corresponding operating liabilities. In accordance with FASB guidance, the impact on the market value of available for sale fixed maturities due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, in relation to functional currency, is reflected as part of other comprehensive income. Conversely, the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, in relation to functional currency, on other assets and liabilities is reflected through net income as a component of other income (expense). In addition, we translate the assets, liabilities and income of non-U.S. dollar functional currency legal entities to the U.S. dollar. This translation amount is reported as a component of other comprehensive income.

The tables below display the potential impact of a parallel and immediate 10% and 20% increase and decrease in foreign exchange rates on the valuation of invested assets subject to foreign currency exposure for the periods indicated. This analysis includes the after-tax impact of translation from transactional currency to functional currency as well as the after-tax impact of translation from functional currency to the U.S. dollar reporting currency.

	Change in Foreign Exchange Rates in Percent
	At December 31, 2021
(Dollars in millions)	-20%		-10%		0%		10%		20%
Total After-tax Foreign Exchange Exposure	$	(190.4)	$	(95.2)	$	—	$	95.2	$	190.4

	Change in Foreign Exchange Rates in Percent
	At December 31, 2020
(Dollars in millions)	-20%		-10%		0%		10%		20%
Total After-tax Foreign Exchange Exposure	$	(162.3)	$	(81.1)	$	—	$	81.1	$	162.3

ITEM 8.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The financial statements and schedules listed in the accompanying Index to Financial Statements and Schedules on page F-1 are filed as part of this report.

28

ITEM 9.CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act), our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this annual report.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013). Based on our assessment we concluded that, as of December 31, 2021, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.

Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s internal controls are not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report due to the Company’s status as a non-accelerated filer.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

As required by Rule 13a-15(d) of the Exchange Act, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated our internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any changes occurred during the fourth fiscal quarter covered by this annual report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Based on that evaluation, there has been no such change during the fourth quarter.

ITEM 9B.OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 9C.DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

None.

29

PART III

ITEM 10.DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information for Item 10 is not required pursuant to General Instruction I(2) of Form 10-K.

ITEM 11.EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information for Item 11 is not required pursuant to General Instruction I(2) of Form 10-K.

ITEM 12.SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Information for Item 12 is not required pursuant to General Instruction I(2) of Form 10-K.

ITEM 13.CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information for Item 13 is not required pursuant to General Instruction I(2) of Form 10-K.

ITEM 14.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (and its worldwide affiliates) fees incurred are as follows for the periods indicated:

(Dollars in thousands)		2021		2020
(1)	Audit Fees	$	3,555.1	$	3,529.0
(2)	Audit-Related Fees		281.0		134.2
(3)	Tax Fees		614.2		691.0
(4)	All Other Fees		16.6		16.5

Audit fees include the annual audit and quarterly financial statement reviews, subsidiary audits, and procedures required to be performed by the independent auditor to be able to form an opinion on our consolidated financial statements. These other procedures include information systems and procedural reviews and testing performed in order to understand and place reliance on the systems of internal control, and consultations relating to the audit or quarterly review. Audit fees may also include statutory audits or financial audits for our subsidiaries or affiliates and services associated with SEC registration statements, periodic reports and other documents filed with the SEC or other documents issued in connection with securities offerings.

Audit-related fees include assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements, including due diligence services pertaining to potential business acquisitions/dispositions, accounting consultations related to accounting, financial reporting or disclosure matters not classified as “audit services”; assistance with understanding and implementing new accounting and financial reporting guidance from rule making authorities; financial audits of employee benefit plans; agreed-upon or expanded audit procedures related to accounting and/or billing records required to respond to or comply with financial, accounting or regulatory reporting matters and assistance with internal control reporting requirements.

Tax fees include tax compliance, tax planning and tax advice and is granted general pre-approval by Group’s Audit Committee.

All other fees represent an accounting research subscription and software.

30

Under its Charter and the “Audit and Non-Audit Services Pre-Approval Policy” (the “Policy”), the Audit Committee is required to pre-approve the audit and non-audit services to be performed by the independent auditors. The Policy mandates specific approval by the Audit Committee for any service that has not received a general pre-approval or that exceeds pre-approved cost levels or budgeted amounts. For both specific and general pre-approval, the Audit Committee considers whether such services are consistent with the SEC’s rules on auditor independence. The Audit Committee also considers whether the independent auditors are best positioned to provide the most effective and efficient service and whether the service might enhance the Company’s ability to manage or control risk or improve audit quality. The Audit Committee is also mindful of the relationship between fees for audit and non-audit services in deciding whether to pre-approve any such services. It may determine, for each fiscal year, the appropriate ratio between the total amount of audit, audit-related and tax fees and a total amount of fees for certain permissible non-audit services classified below as “All Other Fees”. All such factors are considered as a whole, and no one factor is determinative. The Audit Committee further considered whether the performance by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP of the non-audit related services disclosed below is compatible with maintaining their independence. The Audit Committee approved all of the audit-related fees, tax fees and all other fees for 2021 and 2020.

PART IV

ITEM 15.EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

Exhibits

The exhibits listed on the accompanying Index to Exhibits on page E-1 are filed as part of this report except that the certifications in Exhibit 32 are being furnished to the SEC, rather than filed with the SEC, as permitted under applicable SEC rules.

Financial Statements and Schedules.

The financial statements and schedules listed in the accompanying Index to Financial Statements and Schedules on page F-1 are filed as part of this report.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on March 28, 2022.

EVEREST REINSURANCE HOLDINGS, INC.
By:	/S/ JUAN C. ANDRADE
	Juan C. Andrade (Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer)

31

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/S/ JUAN C. ANDRADE	President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)	March 28, 2022
Juan C. Andrade
/S/ MARK KOCIANCIC	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	March 28, 2022
Mark Kociancic
/S/ ROBERT J. FREILING	Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer	March 28, 2022
Robert J. Freiling

32

INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.

2.1	Agreement and Plan of Merger among Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc., Everest Re Group, Ltd. and Everest Re Merger Corporation, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 333-87361)
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-05771)
3.2	By-Laws of Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2000.
4.1	Indenture, dated March 14, 2000, between Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc. and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc. Form 8-K filed on March 15, 2000.
4.2	Fourth Supplemental Indenture relating to Holdings $400.0 million 4.868% Senior Notes due June 1, 2044, dated June 5 2014, between Holdings and the Bank of New York Mellon, as Trustee, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc. Form 8-K filed on July 5, 2014.
4.3	Fifth Supplemental Indenture relating to Holdings $1.0 billion 3.50% Senior Notes due October 15, 2050, dated October 7, 2020, between Holdings and the Bank of New York Mellon, as Trustee, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc. Form 8-K filed on October 7, 2020. Sixth Supplemental Indenture relating to Holdings $1.0 billion 3.125% Senior Notes due October 15, 2052, dated October 4, 2021, between Holdings and the Bank of New York Mellon, as Trustee, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc. Form 8-K filed on October 4, 2021.
10.1	Completion of Tender Offer relating to Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc. 6.60% Fixed to Floating Rate Long Term Subordinated Notes (LoTSSM) dated March 19, 2009, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Everest Re Group, Ltd. Form 8-K filed on March 31, 2009.
*10.2	Employment agreement between Everest Global Services, Inc., Everest Reinsurance Holdings Inc. and Dominic J. Addesso, dated December 4, 2015, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Everest Re Group, Ltd. Form 8-K filed on December 8, 2015.
*10.3	Employment agreement between Everest National Insurance Company and Jonathan M. Zaffino, dated September 8, 2017, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Everest Re Group, Ltd. Form 8-K filed on September 12, 2017.
*10.4	Amendment of employment agreement between Everest Global Services, Inc., Everest Re Group, Ltd., Everest Reinsurance Holdings Inc. and Dominic J. Addesso, dated November 20, 2017, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Everest Re Group, Ltd. Form 8-K filed November 20, 2017.
*10.5	Employment agreement between Everest Re Group Ltd., Everest Global Services, Inc., Everest Reinsurance Holdings Inc. and Juan C Andrade, dated August 1, 2019, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Everest Re Group, Ltd. Form 8-K filed August 8, 2019.
*10.6	Employment agreement between Everest Global Services, Inc. and Mark Kociancic, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Everest Re Group, Ltd. Form 8-K filed on October 1, 2020
*10.7	Employment agreement between Everest Global Services, Inc. and James Williamson, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Everest Re Group, Ltd. Form 8-K filed on October 1, 2020

E-1

23.1	Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, filed herewith
31.1	Section 302 Certification of Juan C. Andrade, filed herewith
31.2	Section 302 Certification of Mark Kociancic, filed herewith
32.1	Section 906 Certification of Juan C. Andrade and Mark Kociancic, filed herewith
101 INS	XBRL Instance Document
101 SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101 CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101 DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101 LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101 PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

E-2

EVEREST REINSURANCE HOLDINGS, INC.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES

		Pages
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB FIRM ID 238)		F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2021 and 2020		F-4
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended
	December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019	F-5
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s Equity for the Years Ended
	December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019	F-6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended
	December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019	F-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		F-8
Schedules
I	Summary of Investments Other Than Investments in Related Parties at December 31, 2021	S-1
II	Condensed Financial Information of Registrant:
	Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020	S-2
	Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019	S-3
	Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019	S-4
	Notes to Condensed Financial Information	S-5
III	Supplementary Insurance Information as of and for the Years Ended
	December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019	S-6
IV	Reinsurance for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019	S-7
Schedules other than those listed above are omitted for the reason that they are not applicable or the information is otherwise contained in the Financial Statements.

F-1

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholder of Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), of changes in stockholder's equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, including the related notes and financial statement schedules listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

F-2

Valuation of the Reserve for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

As described in Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company maintains reserves equal to the estimated ultimate liability for losses and loss adjustment expense for reported and unreported claims for both insurance and reinsurance businesses. The Company’s reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses as of December 31, 2021 was $13.1 billion. Reserves are based on estimates of ultimate losses and loss adjustment expenses by underwriting or accident year. Management uses a variety of statistical and actuarial techniques to monitor reserve adequacy over time, evaluate new information as it becomes known and adjust reserves as warranted. Management considers many factors when setting reserves including (i) exposure base and projected ultimate premium; (ii) expected loss ratios by product and class of business, which are developed collaboratively by underwriters and actuaries; (iii) actuarial methodologies and assumptions which analyze loss reporting and payment experience, reports from ceding companies and historical trends, such as reserving patterns, loss payments and product mix; (iv) current legal interpretations of coverage and liability; and (v) economic conditions.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the valuation of the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses is a critical audit matter are the significant judgment by management when developing their estimate; this in turn led to a high degree of auditor subjectivity, judgment and effort in performing procedures and evaluating the audit evidence relating to the methodologies and the significant assumptions related to expected loss ratios and historical trends, such as reserving patterns, loss payments and product mix, and the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s valuation of the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses, including controls over the selection of methodologies and development of significant assumptions. These procedures also included, among others, testing the completeness and accuracy of data provided by management and the involvement of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in performing procedures for a sample of products and lines of business including: (i) evaluating management’s methodologies and assumptions related to expected loss ratios and historical trends, such as, reserving patterns, loss payment and product mix used for determining reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses; and (ii) developing an independent estimate of the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses and comparing the independent estimate to management’s actuarially determined reserves.

 /s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

New York, New York

March 28, 2022

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1996.

F-3

EVEREST REINSURANCE HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	December 31,
(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts and par value per share)	2021		2020
ASSETS:
Fixed maturities - available for sale, (amortized cost: 2021, $12,733,499; 2020, $10,248,650 allowances for credit losses: 2021, $(27,491); 2020, $(1,566))	$	12,860,395	$	10,643,565
Equity securities, at fair value		1,757,792		1,288,767
Short-term investments (cost: 2021, $695,935; 2020, $708,043)		695,886		707,905
Other invested assets		1,674,639		1,094,933
Other invested assets, at fair value		2,030,816		1,796,479
Cash		699,266		378,518
Total investments and cash		19,718,794		15,910,167
Note receivable - affiliated		500,000		300,000
Accrued investment income		89,966		80,196
Premiums receivable		1,719,961		1,591,980
Reinsurance recoverables - unaffiliated		1,569,328		1,505,650
Reinsurance recoverables - affiliated		2,298,769		2,701,655
Funds held by reinsureds		299,204		267,599
Deferred acquisition costs		471,931		379,707
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		431,055		363,489
Other assets		595,970		539,786
TOTAL ASSETS	$	27,694,978	$	23,640,229
LIABILITIES:
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	13,121,177	$	11,578,096
Unearned premium reserve		2,992,878		2,385,174
Funds held under reinsurance treaties		48,410		46,894
Other net payable to reinsurers		391,577		277,390
Losses in course of payment		272,592		161,154
Income taxes		246,348		192,877
Senior notes		2,345,800		1,376,718
Long term notes		223,774		223,674
Borrowings from FHLB		519,000		310,000
Accrued interest on debt and borrowings		17,348		10,460
Unsettled securities payable		15,196		206,693
Other liabilities		462,831		456,786
Total liabilities		20,656,931		17,225,916
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15)		(nil)		(nil)
STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY:
Common stock, par value: $0.01; 3,000 shares authorized;1,000 shares issued and outstanding (2021 and 2020)		-		-
Additional paid-in capital		1,101,527		1,101,092
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of deferred income tax expense (benefit) of $24,279 at 2021 and $71,080 at 2020		91,469		268,018
Retained earnings		5,845,051		5,045,203
Total stockholder's equity		7,038,047		6,414,313
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY	$	27,694,978	$	23,640,229
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-4

EVEREST REINSURANCE HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
REVENUES:
Premiums earned	$	7,178,592	$	6,406,576	$	5,489,035
Net investment income		744,954		375,906		356,211
Net realized capital gains (losses):
Credit allowances on fixed maturity securities		(25,924)		(1,566)		-
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities		-		-		(19,643)
Other net realized capital gains (losses)		527,210		51,370		439,010
Total net realized capital gains (losses)		501,286		49,804		419,367
Other income (expense)		23,383		(14,579)		(1,589)
Total revenues		8,448,215		6,817,707		6,263,024
CLAIMS AND EXPENSES:
Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses		5,386,856		4,608,144		3,829,122
Commission, brokerage, taxes and fees		1,512,502		1,373,355		1,270,053
Other underwriting expenses		454,064		401,033		350,901
Corporate expenses		33,334		15,985		13,063
Interest, fee and bond issue cost amortization expense		69,974		35,659		34,931
Total claims and expenses		7,456,730		6,434,176		5,498,070
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE TAXES		991,485		383,531		764,955
Income tax expense (benefit)		191,636		31,658		135,228
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$	799,849	$	351,873	$	629,727
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) ("URA(D)") on securities arising during the period		(200,307)		163,080		175,482
Less: reclassification adjustment for realized losses (gains) included in net income (loss)		9,014		25,468		5,080
Total URA(D) on securities arising during the period		(191,293)		188,548		180,562
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(8,734)		14,461		17,153
Benefit plan actuarial net gain (loss) for the period		6,251		(5,615)		(12,591)
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net (gain) loss included in net income (loss)		17,227		6,300		5,453
Total benefit plan net gain (loss) for the period		23,478		685		(7,138)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(176,549)		203,694		190,577
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	$	623,300	$	555,567	$	820,304
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-5

EVEREST REINSURANCE HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF

CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts)	2021		2020		2019
COMMON STOCK (shares outstanding):
Balance, January 1		1,000		1,000		1,000
Balance, December 31		1,000		1,000		1,000
ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL:
Balance, January 1	$	1,101,092	$	1,100,678	$	1,100,315
Share-based compensation plans		435		414		363
Balance, December 31		1,101,527		1,101,092		1,100,678
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF DEFERRED INCOME TAXES:
Balance, January 1		268,018		64,324		(126,254)
Net increase (decrease) during the period		(176,549)		203,694		190,577
Balance, December 31		91,469		268,018		64,324
RETAINED EARNINGS:
Balance, January 1		5,045,203		4,692,423		4,062,696
Change to beginning balance due to adoption of ASU 2016-13		-		907		-
Net income (loss)		799,849		351,873		629,727
Balance, December 31		5,845,051		5,045,203		4,692,423
TOTAL STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY, December 31	$	7,038,047	$	6,414,313	$	5,857,425
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-6

EVEREST REINSURANCE HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$	799,849	$	351,873	$	629,727
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Decrease (increase) in premiums receivable		(128,091)		(252,850)		(24,618)
Decrease (increase) in funds held by reinsureds, net		(30,281)		(33,519)		(57)
Decrease (increase) in reinsurance recoverables		336,586		247,165		405,574
Decrease (increase) in income taxes		100,088		204,419		295,667
Decrease (increase) in prepaid reinsurance premiums		(67,713)		51,352		(84,181)
Increase (decrease) in reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses		1,478,040		1,430,417		(37,727)
Increase (decrease) in unearned premiums		609,059		183,417		370,246
Increase (decrease) in other net payable to reinsurers		114,061		8,078		(50,560)
Increase (decrease) in losses in course of payment		110,693		90,044		113,306
Change in equity adjustments in limited partnerships		(368,354)		(39,880)		(45,843)
Distribution of limited partnership income		113,849		91,403		51,982
Change in other assets and liabilities, net		(9,549)		(88,105)		(1,124)
Non-cash compensation expense		36,233		32,217		27,421
Amortization of bond premium (accrual of bond discount)		31,404		13,926		4,308
Net realized capital (gains) losses		(501,286)		(49,804)		(419,367)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		2,624,588		2,240,153		1,234,754
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from fixed maturities matured/called - available for sale, at market value		2,329,839		1,126,309		937,871
Proceeds from fixed maturities sold - available for sale, at market value		961,050		626,378		2,400,869
Proceeds from fixed maturities sold - available for sale, at fair value		-		4,907		2,917
Proceeds from equity securities sold - at fair value		861,801		375,112		283,707
Distributions from other invested assets		126,690		243,002		185,116
Cost of fixed maturities acquired - available for sale, at market value		(5,831,618)		(4,695,090)		(3,626,139)
Cost of fixed maturities acquired - available for sale, at fair value		-		-		(4,243)
Cost of equity securities acquired - at fair value		(1,052,277)		(625,694)		(325,546)
Cost of other invested assets acquired		(430,205)		(363,101)		(323,453)
Net change in short-term investments		12,930		(425,878)		(102,302)
Net change in unsettled securities transactions		(205,690)		200,070		(30,904)
Proceeds from repayment (cost of issuance) of note receivable - affiliated		(200,000)		-		(300,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(3,427,480)		(3,533,985)		(902,107)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Tax benefit from share-based compensation, net of expense		(35,798)		(31,803)		(27,059)
FHLB advances (repayments)		209,000		310,000		-
Cost of debt repurchase		-		(10,647)		-
Proceeds from issuance of senior notes		968,357		979,417		-
Proceeds from issuance (cost of repayment) of note payable-affiliated		-		-		(300,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		1,141,559		1,246,967		(327,059)
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH		(17,920)		14,261		1,012
Net increase (decrease) in cash		320,748		(32,604)		6,600
Cash, beginning of period		378,518		411,122		404,522
Cash, end of period	$	699,266	$	378,518	$	411,122
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Income taxes paid (recovered)	$	91,228	$	(173,056)	$	(160,748)
Interest paid		62,194		27,670		34,928
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-7

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

A. Business and Basis of Presentation.

Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc. (“Holdings”), a Delaware company and direct subsidiary of Everest Underwriting Group (Ireland) Limited (“Holdings Ireland”), which is a direct subsidiary of Everest Re Group, Ltd. (“Group”), through its subsidiaries, principally provides property and casualty reinsurance and insurance in the United States of America and internationally. As used in this document, “Company” means Holdings and its subsidiaries.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The statements include all of the following domestic and foreign direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company: Everest Reinsurance Company (“Everest Re”), Everest Global Services, Inc. (“Global Services”), Everest National Insurance Company (“Everest National”), Everest Indemnity Insurance Company (“Everest Indemnity”), Everest Security Insurance Company (“Everest Security”), Everest Reinsurance Company – Escritório de Representação No Brasil Ltda. (“Everest Brazil”), Mt. Whitney Securities, Inc., Everest Denali Insurance Company (“Everest Denali”), Everest Premier Insurance Company (“Everest Premier”), Everest Specialty Underwriters Services, LLC, Everest International Assurance, Ltd. (“Everest Assurance”), Specialty Insurance Group, Inc. (“Specialty”), Specialty Insurance Group - Leisure and Entertainment Risk Purchasing Group LLC (“Specialty RPG”), Salus Systems (“Salus”) and Mt. McKinley Managers, L.L.C. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. All amounts are reported in U.S. dollars.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities) at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Ultimate actual results could differ, possibly materially, from those estimates.

Certain reclassifications and format changes have been made to prior years’ amounts to conform to the 2021 presentation.

Out of Period Adjustments

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded out of period adjustments relating to prior years that decreased net income by $46 million. The out of period adjustments are related to the accounting for certain affiliated reinsurance agreements. Had these adjustments, which were determined not to be material, been recorded in the originating periods, net income for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 would have decreased by $31 million and $20 million, respectively.

The out of period adjustments also impacted previously issued interim consolidated financial statements, which were determined not to be material. Had these adjustments been recorded in the originating periods, net income for the three-months ended March 31, 2021 would have increased by $29 million; net income for the three-months ended June 30, 2021 would have decreased by $17 million and net income for the six-months ended June 30, 2021 would have increased by $12 million; and net income for the three- and nine-months ended September 30, 2021 would have decreased by $17 million and $5 million, respectively. In addition, had results for the first three quarters of 2021 been adjusted, net income for the three-months ended December 31, 2021 would have been $46 million more than that reported. Furthermore, net income for the three-months ended March 31, 2020 would have increased by $6 million; net income for the three and six-months ended June 30, 2020 would have decreased by $12 million and $6 million, respectively; and net income for the three and nine-months ended September 30, 2020 would have decreased by $12 million and $19 million, respectively.

F-8

The Company assessed the materiality of these adjustments described above on prior period financial statements and have determined that these adjustments were not material to the financial statements of any prior annual or interim period.

B. Investments.

Fixed maturity investments available for sale reflect unrealized appreciation and depreciation, as a result of changes in market value during the period, in stockholder’s equity, net of income taxes in “accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” in the consolidated balance sheets, since cash flows from these investments will be primarily used to settle its reserve for losses and loss adjustment expense liabilities. The Company anticipates holding these investments for an extended period as the cash flow from interest and maturities will fund the projected payout of these liabilities. The Company reviews all of its fixed maturity, available for sale securities whose fair value has fallen below their amortized cost at the time of review. The Company then assesses whether the decline in value is due to non-credit related or credit related factors. In making its assessment, the Company evaluates the current market and interest rate environment as well as specific issuer information. Generally, a change in a security’s value caused by a change in the market, interest rate or foreign exchange environment does not constitute a credit impairment, but rather a non-credit related decline in market value. Non-credit related declines in market value are recorded as unrealized losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). If the Company intends to sell the impaired security or is more likely than not to be required to sell the security before an anticipated recovery in value, the Company records the entire impairment in net realized capital gains (losses) in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). If the Company determines that the decline is credit related and the Company does not have the intent to sell the security; and it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis, the Company establishes a credit allowance equal to the estimated credit loss and is recorded in net realized capital gains (losses) in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The amount of the allowance for a given security will generally be the difference between a discounted cash flow model and the Company’s carrying value. The fair value adjustment that is non-credit related is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, and is included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company will adjust the credit allowance account for future changes in credit loss estimates for a security and record this adjustment through net realized capital gains (losses) in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The Company does not create an allowance for uncollectible interest. If interest is not received when due, the interest receivable is immediately reversed and no additional interest is accrued. If future interest is received that has not been accrued, it is recorded as income at that time.

The Company’s assessments are based on the issuers’ current and expected future financial position, timeliness with respect to interest and/or principal payments, speed of repayments and any applicable credit enhancements or breakeven constant default rates on mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, as well as relevant information provided by rating agencies, investment advisors and analysts.

Retrospective adjustments are employed to recalculate the values of asset-backed securities. All of the Company’s asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities have a pass-through structure. Each acquisition lot is reviewed to recalculate the effective yield. The recalculated effective yield is used to derive a book value as if the new yield were applied at the time of acquisition. Outstanding principal factors from the time of acquisition to the adjustment date are used to calculate the prepayment history for all applicable securities. Conditional prepayment rates, computed with life to date factor histories and weighted average maturities, are used in the calculation of projected prepayments for pass-through security types.  

For equity securities the Company reflects changes in value as net realized capital gains and losses. Interest income on all fixed maturities and dividend income on all equity securities are included as part of net investment income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Short-term investments

F-9

are stated at cost, which approximates market value. Realized gains or losses on sales of investments are determined on the basis of identified cost. For some non-publicly traded securities, market prices are determined through the use of pricing models that evaluate securities relative to the U.S. Treasury yield curve, taking into account the issue type, credit quality, and cash flow characteristics of each security. For other non-publicly traded securities, investment managers’ valuation committees will estimate fair value, and in many instances, these fair values are supported with opinions from qualified independent third parties. For publicly traded securities, market value is based on quoted market prices or valuation models that use observable market inputs. When a sector of the financial markets is inactive or illiquid, the Company may use its own assumptions about future cash flows and risk-adjusted discount rates to determine fair value. Retrospective adjustments are employed to recalculate the values of asset-backed securities. Each acquisition lot is reviewed to recalculate the effective yield. The recalculated effective yield is used to derive a book value as if the new yield were applied at the time of acquisition. Outstanding principal factors from the time of acquisition to the adjustment date are used to calculate the prepayment history for all applicable securities. Conditional prepayment rates, computed with life to date factor histories and weighted average maturities, are used as an input to the calculation of projected and prepayments for pass-through security types. Other invested assets include limited partnerships, rabbi trusts. Cash contributions to and cash distributions from the sweep facility were reported gross in cash flows from investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Limited partnerships are accounted for under the equity method of accounting, which can be recorded on a monthly or quarterly lag.

Other invested assets, at fair value, are comprised of convertible preferred stock of Everest Preferred International Holdings, Ltd. (“Preferred Holdings”), an affiliated entity. The fair values of the Preferred Holdings convertible preferred stock at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were determined using a pricing model.

C. Allowance for Premium Receivable and Reinsurance Recoverables.

Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the Current Expected Credit Losses (CECL) methodology for estimating allowances for credit losses. The Company evaluates the recoverability of its premiums and reinsurance recoverable balances and establishes an allowance for estimated uncollectible amounts. Prior to the adoption of CECL, an allowance for doubtful accounts was estimated on the basis of periodic evaluations of balances due from third parties, considering historical collection experience, solvency and current economic conditions.

Premiums receivable, excluding receivables for losses within a deductible and retrospectively-rated policy premiums, are primarily comprised of premiums due from policyholders/ cedants. Balances are considered past due when amounts that have been billed are not collected within contractually stipulated time periods. For these balances, the allowance is estimated based on recent historical credit loss and collection experience, adjusted for current economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts, when appropriate.

A portion of the Company's Commercial Lines business is written with large deductibles or under retrospectively-rated plans. Under some commercial insurance contracts with a large deductible, the Company is obligated to pay the claimant the full amount of the claim and the Company is subsequently reimbursed by the policyholder for the deductible amount. As such, the Company is subject to credit risk until reimbursement is made. Retrospectively-rated policies are policies whereby the ultimate premium is adjusted based on actual losses incurred. Although the premium adjustment feature of a retrospectively-rated policy substantially reduces insurance risk for the Company, it presents credit risk to the Company. The Company’s results of operations could be adversely affected if a significant portion of such policyholders failed to reimburse the Company for the deductible amount or the amount of additional premium owed under retrospectively-rated policies. The Company manages these credit risks through credit analysis, collateral requirements, and oversight. The allowance for receivables for loss within a deductible and retrospectively-rated policy premiums is recorded within Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The allowance is estimated as the amount of the receivable exposed to loss multiplied by estimated factors for probability of default. The probability of default is assigned based on each policyholder's credit rating, or a rating is estimated if no external rating is available. Credit ratings are reviewed and updated at least annually. The exposure amount is estimated net of collateral and other offsets, considering the nature of the collateral, potential future changes in collateral values, and historical loss information for the type of collateral

F-10

obtained. The probability of default factors are historical corporate defaults for receivables with similar durations estimated through multiple economic cycles. Credit ratings are forward-looking and consider a variety of economic outcomes. The Company's evaluation of the required allowance for receivables for loss within a deductible and retrospectively-rated policy premiums considers the current economic environment as well as the probability-weighted macroeconomic scenarios.

The Company records total credit loss expenses related to premiums receivable in Other underwriting expenses and records credit loss expenses related to deductibles in Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The allowance for uncollectible reinsurance recoverable reflects management’s best estimate of reinsurance cessions that may be uncollectible in the future due to reinsurers’ unwillingness or inability to pay. The allowance for uncollectible reinsurance recoverable comprises an allowance and an allowance for disputed balances. Based on this analysis, the Company may adjust the allowance for uncollectible reinsurance recoverable or charge off reinsurer balances that are determined to be uncollectible.

Due to the inherent uncertainties as to collection and the length of time before reinsurance recoverable become due, it is possible that future adjustments to the Company’s reinsurance recoverable, net of the allowance, could be required, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or cash flows in a particular quarter or annual period.

The allowance is estimated as the amount of reinsurance recoverable exposed to loss multiplied by estimated factors for the probability of default. The reinsurance recoverable exposed is the amount of reinsurance recoverable net of collateral and other offsets, considering the nature of the collateral, potential future changes in collateral values, and historical loss information for the type of collateral obtained. The probability of default factors are historical insurer and reinsurer defaults for liabilities with similar durations to the reinsured liabilities as estimated through multiple economic cycles. Credit ratings are forward-looking and consider a variety of economic outcomes. The Company's evaluation of the required allowance for reinsurance recoverable considers the current economic environment as well as macroeconomic scenarios.

The Company expects the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to reinsurers to be somewhat mitigated by their regulated capital and liquidity positions. The ultimate impact to the Company's financial statements could vary significantly from our estimates depending on the duration and severity of the pandemic, the duration and severity of the economic downturn and the degree to which federal, state and local government actions to mitigate the economic impact of COVID-19 are effective.

The Company records credit loss expenses related to reinsurance recoverable in Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Write-offs of reinsurance recoverable and any related allowance are recorded in the period in which the balance is deemed uncollectible.

Allowances are presented in the table below for the periods indicated.

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Reinsurance recoverable, premium receivables and deductibles	$	36,985	$	33,370

D. Deferred Acquisition Costs.

Acquisition costs, consisting principally of commissions and brokerage expenses and certain premium taxes and fees incurred at the time a contract or policy is issued and that vary with and are directly related to the Company’s reinsurance and insurance business, are deferred and amortized over the period in which the related premiums

F-11

are earned. Deferred acquisition costs are limited to their estimated realizable value by line of business based on the related unearned premiums, anticipated claims and claim expenses and anticipated investment income.

E. Reserve for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses.

The reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) is based on individual case estimates and reports received from ceding companies. A provision is included for losses and LAE incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) based on past experience. Provisions are also included for certain potential liabilities, including those relating to asbestos and environmental (“A&E”) exposures, catastrophe exposures and COVID-19 exposures, for which liabilities cannot be estimated using traditional reserving techniques. See also Note 3. The reserves are reviewed periodically and any changes in estimates are reflected in earnings in the period the adjustment is made. The Company’s loss and LAE reserves represent management’s best estimate of the ultimate liability. Loss and LAE reserves are presented gross of reinsurance recoverable and incurred losses and LAE are presented net of reinsurance.

Accruals for commissions are established for reinsurance contracts that provide for the stated commission percentage to increase or decrease based on the loss experience of the contract. Changes in estimates for such arrangements are recorded as commission expense. Commission accruals for contracts with adjustable features are estimated based on expected loss and LAE.

F. Premium Revenues.

Written premiums are earned ratably over the periods of the related insurance and reinsurance contracts. Unearned premium reserves are established relative to the unexpired contract period. For reinsurance contracts, such reserves are established based upon reports received from ceding companies or estimated using pro rata methods based on statistical data. Reinstatement premiums represent additional premium recognized and earned at the time a loss event occurs and losses are recorded, most prevalently catastrophe related, when limits have been depleted under the original reinsurance contract and additional coverage is granted. The recognition of reinstatement premiums is based on estimates of loss and LAE, which reflects management’s judgement. Written and earned premiums and the related costs, which have not yet been reported to the Company, are estimated and accrued. Premiums are net of ceded reinsurance.

G. Prepaid Reinsurance Premiums.

Prepaid reinsurance premiums represent unearned premium reserves ceded to other reinsurers. Prepaid reinsurance premiums for any foreign reinsurers comprising more than 10% of the outstanding balance at December 31, 2021 were collateralized either through collateralized trust arrangements, rights of offset or letters of credit, thereby limiting the credit risk to the Company.

H. Income Taxes.

The Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. Corporation Income Tax Return. The Company’s foreign subsidiaries and foreign branches of its U.S. subsidiaries file country and local corporation income tax returns as required. Deferred U.S. federal and foreign income taxes have been recorded to recognize the tax effect of temporary differences between the GAAP and income tax bases of assets and liabilities, which arise because of differences between the financial reporting and income tax rules.

As an accounting policy, the Company has adopted the aggregate portfolio approach for releasing disproportionate income tax effects from AOCI.

I. Foreign Currency.

The Company transacts business in numerous currencies through business units located around the world. The base transactional currency for each business unit is determined by the local currency used for most economic activity in that area. Movements in exchange rates related to foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities at the business units between the original currency and the base currency are recorded through the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in other income (expense), except for

F-12

currency movements related to available for sale investments, which are excluded from net income (loss) and accumulated in stockholder’s equity, net of deferred taxes.

The business units’ base currency financial statements are translated to U.S. dollars using the exchange rates at the end of period for the balance sheets and the average exchange rates in effect for the reporting period for the income statements. Gains and losses resulting from translating the foreign currency financial statements, net of deferred income taxes, are excluded from net income loss and accumulated in stockholder’s equity.

J. Segmentation.

The Company, through its subsidiaries, operates in two segments: Reinsurance and Insurance. See also Note 17.

K. Retroactive Reinsurance.

Premiums on ceded retroactive contracts are earned when written with a corresponding reinsurance recoverable established for the amount of reserves ceded. The initial gain, if applicable, is deferred and amortized into income over an actuarially determined expected payout period. Any future loss is recognized immediately and charged against earnings.

L. Application of Recently Issued Accounting Guidance.

Reference Rate Reform - LIBOR. In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2020-04, which outlines the issues surrounding the cessation of LIBOR as a reference rate for contractual debt agreements. The guidance also details the potential alternative expedients and sources available for use in determination of rates and terms for such debt agreements in order to apply appropriate accounting policy. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company has reviewed its inventory of investments, debt issuances and business contracts to evaluate the impact of elimination of LIBOR upon its financial statements and business operations. Due to the existence of modification or default provisions for use of other reference rates after the elimination of LIBOR, the Company has determined that the adoption of ASU 2020-04 did not have a material impact upon its financial statements or business operations.

Accounting for Income Taxes. In December 2019, FASB issued ASU 2019-12, which provides simplification of existing guidance for income taxes, including the removal of certain exceptions related to recognition of deferred tax liabilities on foreign subsidiaries. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within that annual reporting period. The Company adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2021. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Valuation of Financial Instruments. In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13 (and has subsequently issued related guidance and amendments in ASU 2019-11 and ASU 2019-10 in November 2019) which outline guidance on the valuation of and accounting for assets measured at amortized cost and available for sale debt securities. The new guidance requires the carrying value of assets measured at amortized cost, including reinsurance and premiums receivables to be presented as the net amount expected to be collected on the financial asset (amortized cost less an allowance for credit losses valuation account). The allowance reflects expected credit losses of the financial asset which considers available information using a combination both historical information, current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. For available-for-sale debt securities, the guidance modified the previous other than temporary impairment model, now requiring an allowance for estimated credit related losses rather than a permanent impairment, which will be limited to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost. The guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2020, on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption resulted in a cumulative adjustment of $0.9 million in retained earnings, net of tax, which is disclosed separately within the Consolidated Statements of Stockholder’s Equity.

Any issued guidance and pronouncements, other than those directly referenced above, are deemed by the Company to be either not applicable or immaterial to its financial statements.

F-13

2. INVESTMENTS

The tables below present the amortized cost, allowance for credit losses, gross unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) and market value of fixed maturity securities as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

	At December 31, 2021
	Amortized		Allowances for		Unrealized		Unrealized		Market
(Dollars in thousands)	Cost		Credit Loss		Appreciation		Depreciation		Value
Fixed maturity securities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations	$	656,742	$	-	$	9,303	$	(3,296)	$	662,749
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		558,842		(151)		29,080		(1,150)		586,621
Corporate securities		4,036,000		(19,267)		89,172		(31,000)		4,074,905
Asset-backed securities		3,464,248		(7,680)		20,732		(11,014)		3,466,286
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial		586,441		-		20,538		(4,085)		602,894
Agency residential		1,255,186		-		15,568		(10,076)		1,260,678
Non-agency residential		4,398		-		16		(6)		4,408
Foreign government securities		677,327		-		21,658		(7,005)		691,980
Foreign corporate securities		1,494,315		(393)		34,449		(18,497)		1,509,874
Total fixed maturity securities	$	12,733,499	$	(27,491)	$	240,516	$	(86,129)	$	12,860,395

	At December 31, 2020
	Amortized		Allowances for		Unrealized		Unrealized		Market
(Dollars in thousands)	Cost		Credit Loss		Appreciation		Depreciation		Value
Fixed maturity securities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations	$	659,957	$	-	$	22,032	$	-	$	681,989
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		543,646		-		34,655		(1,255)		577,046
Corporate securities		3,316,525		(1,205)		166,072		(31,480)		3,449,912
Asset-backed securities		2,450,807		-		28,585		(5,222)		2,474,170
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial		512,388		-		37,875		(183)		550,080
Agency residential		937,166		-		28,630		(696)		965,100
Non-agency residential		3,164		-		2		(2)		3,164
Foreign government securities		694,132		-		51,317		(3,211)		742,238
Foreign corporate securities		1,130,865		(361)		73,265		(3,903)		1,199,866
Total fixed maturity securities	$	10,248,650	$	(1,566)	$	442,433	$	(45,952)	$	10,643,565

F-14

The amortized cost and market value of fixed maturity securities are shown in the following tables by contractual maturity. Mortgage-backed securities are generally more likely to be prepaid than other fixed maturity securities. As the stated maturity of such securities may not be indicative of actual maturities, the totals for mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are shown separately.

	At December 31, 2021				At December 31, 2020
	Amortized		Market		Amortized		Market
(Dollars in thousands)	Cost		Value		Cost		Value
Fixed maturity securities – available for sale
Due in one year or less	$	586,432	$	583,676	$	658,561	$	659,622
Due after one year through five years		3,488,358		3,526,854		2,911,285		3,036,151
Due after five years through ten years		2,260,481		2,309,870		1,927,265		2,079,866
Due after ten years		1,087,955		1,105,729		848,014		875,412
Asset-backed securities		3,464,248		3,466,286		2,450,807		2,474,170
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial		586,441		602,894		512,388		550,080
Agency residential		1,255,186		1,260,678		937,166		965,100
Non-agency residential		4,398		4,408		3,164		3,164
Total fixed maturity securities	$	12,733,499	$	12,860,395	$	10,248,650	$	10,643,565

The changes in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) for the Company’s investments are derived from the following sources for the periods as indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Increase (decrease) during the period between the market value and cost of investments carried at market value, and deferred taxes thereon:
Fixed maturity securities and short term investments	$	(242,005)	$	238,634
Change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation), pre-tax		(242,005)		238,634
Deferred tax benefit (expense)		50,712		(50,086)
Change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation), net of deferred taxes, included in stockholder's equity	$	(191,293)	$	188,548

F-15

The tables below display the aggregate market value and gross unrealized depreciation of fixed maturity securities, by security type and contractual maturity, in each case subdivided according to length of time that individual securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for the periods indicated. The amounts presented in the tables below include $15.7 million of market value and $(0.4) million of gross unrealized depreciation as of December 31, 2021 related to fixed maturity securities for which the Company has recorded an allowance for credit losses.

	Duration of Unrealized Loss at December 31, 2021 By Security Type
	Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Market		Unrealized		Market		Unrealized		Market		Unrealized
(Dollars in thousands)	Value		Depreciation		Value		Depreciation		Value		Depreciation
Fixed maturity securities - available for sale
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations	$	266,953	$	(3,296)	$	-	$	-	$	266,953	$	(3,296)
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		51,094		(1,038)		2,558		(112)		53,652		(1,150)
Corporate securities		1,465,259		(24,853)		200,637		(6,147)		1,665,896		(31,000)
Asset-backed securities		1,890,876		(10,713)		37,910		(301)		1,928,786		(11,014)
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial		138,934		(2,467)		34,967		(1,618)		173,901		(4,085)
Agency residential		698,896		(6,879)		167,923		(3,197)		866,819		(10,076)
Non-agency residential		1,401		(4)		156		(2)		1,557		(6)
Foreign government securities		200,294		(4,778)		14,612		(2,227)		214,906		(7,005)
Foreign corporate securities		676,609		(16,871)		33,057		(1,626)		709,666		(18,497)
Total fixed maturity securities	$	5,390,316	$	(70,899)	$	491,820	$	(15,230)	$	5,882,136	$	(86,129)

	Duration of Unrealized Loss at December 31, 2021 By Maturity
	Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Market		Unrealized		Market		Unrealized		Market		Unrealized
(Dollars in thousands)	Value		Depreciation		Value		Depreciation		Value		Depreciation
Fixed maturity securities
Due in one year or less	$	81,412	$	(1,878)	$	35,515	$	(3,829)	$	116,927	$	(5,707)
Due in one year through five years		1,209,378		(18,614)		154,449		(3,418)		1,363,827		(22,032)
Due in five years through ten years		852,857		(20,678)		34,164		(1,977)		887,021		(22,655)
Due after ten years		516,562		(9,666)		26,736		(888)		543,298		(10,554)
Asset-backed securities		1,890,876		(10,713)		37,910		(301)		1,928,786		(11,014)
Mortgage-backed securities		839,231		(9,350)		203,046		(4,817)		1,042,277		(14,167)
Total fixed maturity securities	$	5,390,316	$	(70,899)	$	491,820	$	(15,230)	$	5,882,136	$	(86,129)

The aggregate market value and gross unrealized losses related to investments in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2021 were $5.9 billion and $86.1 million, respectively. The market value of securities for the single issuer (the United States government) whose securities comprised the largest unrealized loss position at December 31, 2021, did not exceed 2.1% of the overall market value of the Company’s fixed maturity securities. The market value of the securities for the issuer with the second largest unrealized loss comprised less than 0.4% of the Company’s fixed maturity securities. In addition, as indicated on the above table, there was no significant concentration of unrealized losses in any one market sector. The $70.9 million of unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than one year were generally comprised of domestic and foreign corporate securities, foreign government securities, asset backed securities and agency residential mortgage backed securities. Of these unrealized losses, $61.5 million were related to securities that were rated investment grade by at least one nationally recognized rating agency. The $15.2 million of unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position for more than one year related primarily to

F-16

domestic and foreign corporate securities as well as agency residential mortgage backed securities. Of these unrealized losses $12.3 million were related to securities that were rated investment grade by at least one nationally recognized rating agency. In all instances, there were no projected cash flow shortfalls to recover the full book value of the investments and the related interest obligations. The mortgage-backed securities still have excess credit coverage and are current on interest and principal payments.

The Company, given the size of its investment portfolio and capital position, does not have the intent to sell these securities; and it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis. In addition, all securities currently in an unrealized loss position are current with respect to principal and interest payments.

The tables below display the aggregate market value and gross unrealized depreciation of fixed maturity securities, by security type and contractual maturity, in each case subdivided according to length of time that individual securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for the periods indicated. The amounts presented in the tables below include $0.1 million of market value and $(0.1) million of gross unrealized depreciation as of December 31, 2020 related to fixed maturity securities for which the Company has recorded an allowance for credit losses.

	Duration of Unrealized Loss at December 31, 2020 By Security Type
	Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Market		Unrealized		Market		Unrealized		Market		Unrealized
(Dollars in thousands)	Value		Depreciation		Value		Depreciation		Value		Depreciation
Fixed maturity securities - available for sale
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		19,524		(999)		4,059		(256)		23,583		(1,255)
Corporate securities		240,601		(7,799)		188,853		(23,681)		429,454		(31,480)
Asset-backed securities		223,919		(4,573)		81,952		(649)		305,871		(5,222)
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial		37,414		(182)		3,983		(1)		41,397		(183)
Agency residential		235,809		(682)		1,573		(14)		237,382		(696)
Non-agency residential		161		(2)		-		-		161		(2)
Foreign government securities		10,505		(373)		25,793		(2,838)		36,298		(3,211)
Foreign corporate securities		57,900		(2,182)		18,349		(1,721)		76,249		(3,903)
Total fixed maturity securities	$	825,833	$	(16,792)	$	324,562	$	(29,160)	$	1,150,395	$	(45,952)

	Duration of Unrealized Loss at December 31, 2020 By Maturity
	Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Market		Unrealized		Market		Unrealized		Market		Unrealized
(Dollars in thousands)	Value		Depreciation		Value		Depreciation		Value		Depreciation
Fixed maturity securities
Due in one year or less	$	28,802	$	(1,218)	$	34,555	$	(4,142)	$	63,357	$	(5,360)
Due in one year through five years		150,106		(5,828)		116,987		(4,783)		267,093		(10,611)
Due in five years through ten years		81,492		(1,634)		13,118		(435)		94,610		(2,069)
Due after ten years		68,130		(2,673)		72,394		(19,136)		140,524		(21,809)
Asset-backed securities		223,919		(4,573)		81,952		(649)		305,871		(5,222)
Mortgage-backed securities		273,384		(866)		5,556		(15)		278,940		(881)
Total fixed maturity securities	$	825,833	$	(16,792)	$	324,562	$	(29,160)	$	1,150,395	$	(45,952)

The aggregate market value and gross unrealized losses related to investments in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2020 were $1.2 billion and $46.0 million, respectively. The market value of securities for the single issuer whose securities comprised the largest unrealized loss position at December 31, 2020, did not exceed 0.2%

F-17

of the overall market value of the Company’s fixed maturity securities. In addition, as indicated on the above table, there was no significant concentration of unrealized losses in any one market sector. The $16.8 million of unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than one year were generally comprised of domestic and foreign corporate securities as well as asset backed securities. Of these unrealized losses, $12.5 million were related to securities that were rated investment grade by at least one nationally recognized rating agency. The $29.2 million of unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position for more than one year related primarily to domestic and foreign corporate securities and foreign government securities. Of these unrealized losses $5.9 million were related to securities that were rated investment grade by at least one nationally recognized rating agency. There was no gross unrealized depreciation for mortgage-backed securities related to sub-prime and alt-A loans. In all instances, there were no projected cash flow shortfalls to recover the full book value of the investments and the related interest obligations. The mortgage-backed securities still have excess credit coverage and are current on interest and principal payments.

The components of net investment income are presented in the tables below for the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Fixed maturities	$	343,659	$	305,399	$	273,122
Equity securities		15,253		11,466		10,782
Short-term investments and cash		517		2,978		10,231
Other invested assets
Limited partnerships		321,050		48,899		43,316
Dividends from preferred shares of affiliate		31,032		31,032		31,031
Other		62,945		1,699		14,117
Gross investment income before adjustments		774,456		401,473		382,599
Funds held interest income (expense)		7,656		5,705		6,459
Interest income from Parent		5,952		5,154		211
Gross investment income		788,064		412,332		389,269
Investment expenses		(43,110)		(36,426)		(33,058)
Net investment income	$	744,954	$	375,906	$	356,211
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

The Company records results from limited partnership investments on the equity method of accounting with changes in value reported through net investment income. Due to the timing of receiving financial information from these partnerships, the results are generally reported on a one month or quarter lag. If the Company determines there has been a significant decline in value of a limited partnership during this lag period, a loss will be recorded in the period in which the Company identifies the decline.

The Company had contractual commitments to invest up to an additional $971.9 million in limited partnerships and private placement loans at December 31, 2021. These commitments will be funded when called in accordance with the partnership and loan agreements, which have investment periods that expire, unless extended, through 2026.

The Company participates in a private placement liquidity sweep facility (“the facility”). The primary purpose of the facility is to enhance the Company’s return on its short-term investments and cash positions. The facility invests in high quality, short-duration securities and permits daily liquidity. The Company consolidates its participation in the facility. As of December 31, 2021, the market value of investments in the facility consolidated within the Company’s balance sheets was $301.1 million.

Other invested assets, at fair value, as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, were comprised of preferred shares held in Preferred Holdings, an affiliated company.

F-18

Variable Interest Entities

The Company is engaged with various special purpose entities and other entities that are deemed to be VIEs primarily as an investor through normal investment activities but also as an investment manager. A VIE is an entity that either has investors that lack certain essential characteristics of a controlling financial interest, such as simple majority kick-out rights, or lacks sufficient funds to finance its own activities without financial support provided by other entities. The Company performs ongoing qualitative assessments of its VIEs to determine whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in the VIE and therefore is the primary beneficiary. The Company is deemed to have a controlling financial interest when it has both the ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Based on the Company’s assessment, if it determines it is the primary beneficiary, the Company consolidates the VIE in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not hold any securities for which it is the primary beneficiary.

The Company, through normal investment activities, makes passive investments in general and limited partnerships and other alternative investments. For these non-consolidated VIEs, the Company has determined it is not the primary beneficiary as it has no ability to direct activities that could significantly affect the economic performance of the investments. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 is limited to the total carrying value of $1.7 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, which are included in general and limited partnerships and other alternative investments in Other Invested Assets in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has outstanding commitments totaling $0.8 billion whereby the Company is committed to fund these investments and may be called by the partnership during the commitment period to fund the purchase of new investments and partnership expenses. These investments are generally of a passive nature in that the Company does not take an active role in management.

In addition, the Company makes passive investments in structured securities issued by VIEs for which the Company is not the manager. These investments are included in asset-back securities, which includes collateralized loan obligations and are reported in fixed maturities, available-for-sale. The Company has not provided financial or other support with respect to these investments other than its original investment. For these investments, the Company determined it is not the primary beneficiary due to the relative size of the Company’s investment in comparison to the principal amount of the structured securities issued by the VIEs, the level of credit subordination which reduces the Company’s obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits and the Company’s inability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIEs. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss on these investments is limited to the amount of the Company’s investment.

F-19

The components of net realized capital gains (losses) are presented in the table below for the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Fixed maturity securities, market value:
Allowances for credit losses	$	(25,924)	$	(1,566)	$	-
Other-than-temporary impairments		-		-		(19,643)
Gains (losses) from sales		8,186		(32,614)		7,571
Fixed maturity securities, fair value:
Gains (losses) from sales		-		(2,863)		355
Gains (losses) from fair value adjustments		-		1,944		1,808
Equity securities, fair value:
Gains (losses) from sales		24,426		(7,931)		4,144
Gains (losses) from fair value adjustments		254,122		276,093		153,728
Other invested assets		6,142		1,705		6,003
Other invested assets, fair value:
Gains (losses) from fair value adjustments		234,337		(186,102)		265,245
Short-term investment gains (losses)		(3)		1,138		156
Total net realized capital gains (losses)	$	501,286	$	49,804	$	419,367

	Roll Forward of Allowance for Credit Losses
	Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2021
			Asset		Obligations of		Foreign
	Corporate		Backed		U.S. states and		Corporate
	Securities		Securities		political subdivisions		Securities		Total
Beginning Balance	$	(1,205)	$	-	$	-	$	(361)	$	(1,566)
Credit losses on securities where credit
losses were not previously recorded		(21,178)		(4,915)		(151)		(188)		(26,432)
Increases in allowance on previously
impaired securities		(2,530)		(2,765)		-		-		(5,295)
Decreases in allowance on previously
impaired securities		-		-		-		-		-
Reduction in allowance due to disposals		5,646		-		-		156		5,802
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	(19,267)	$	(7,680)	$	(151)	$	(393)	$	(27,491)

F-20

	Roll Forward of Allowance for Credit Losses
	Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2020
			Foreign		Foreign
	Corporate		Government		Corporate
	Securities		Securities		Securities		Total
Beginning Balance	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Credit losses on securities where credit
losses were not previously recorded		(21,829)		(70)		(561)		(22,460)
Increases in allowance on previously
impaired securities		(5,909)		-		(211)		(6,120)
Decreases in allowance on previously
impaired securities		1,824		-		282		2,106
Reduction in allowance due to disposals		24,709		70		129		24,908
Balance as of December 31, 2020	$	(1,205)	$	-	$	(361)	$	(1,566)

The proceeds and split between gross gains and losses, from sales of fixed maturity and equity securities, are presented in the table below for the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Proceeds from sales of fixed maturity securities	$	961,050	$	631,285	$	2,403,786
Gross gains from sales		32,664		24,177		25,076
Gross losses from sales		(24,478)		(59,654)		(17,150)
Proceeds from sales of equity securities	$	861,801	$	375,112	$	283,707
Gross gains from sales		39,071		37,403		14,270
Gross losses from sales		(14,645)		(45,334)		(10,126)

Securities with a carrying value amount of $1.5 billion at December 31, 2021, were on deposit with various state or governmental insurance departments in compliance with insurance laws.

F-21

3. RESERVES FOR LOSSES AND LAE

The following table provides a roll forward of the Company’s beginning and ending reserve for losses and LAE is summarized for the periods indicated:

	At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Gross reserves beginning of period	$	11,578,096	$	10,129,462	$	10,146,086
Less reinsurance recoverables		(3,951,474)		(4,215,348)		(4,697,543)
Net reserves beginning of period		7,626,622		5,914,114		5,448,543
Incurred related to:
Current year		5,381,550		4,407,795		3,784,771
Prior years		5,306		200,349		44,351
Total incurred losses and LAE		5,386,856		4,608,144		3,829,122
Paid related to:
Current year		2,373,958		1,901,971		1,885,443
Prior years		1,126,618		1,017,557		1,490,460
Total paid losses and LAE		3,500,576		2,919,528		3,375,903
Foreign exchange/translation adjustment		(42,441)		23,892		12,352
Net reserves end of period		9,470,461		7,626,622		5,914,114
Plus reinsurance recoverables		3,650,716		3,951,474		4,215,348
Gross reserves end of period	$	13,121,177	$	11,578,096	$	10,129,462
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

Current year incurred losses were $5.4 billion, $4.4 billion and $3.8 billion at December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in current year incurred losses in 2021 compared to 2020 primarily related to an increase of $532.2 million in current year catastrophe losses and an increase of $441.6 million in current year attritional losses including the impact of a change in the Company’s reinsurance program with an affiliate. The increase in current year attritional losses was mainly due to the growth in premiums earned, partially mitigated by $154.8 million of losses related to COVID-19 in 2020 which did not recur in 2021. The increase in current year incurred losses from 2019 to 2020 was primarily due to an increase of $571.0 million in current year attritional losses primarily due to higher premiums earned and the previously mentioned $154.8 million of losses related to COVID-19 in 2020, partially offset by a $102.7 million decline in current year catastrophe losses.

Incurred prior years’ reserves increased by $5.3 million, $200.3 million and $44.4 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019 respectively. The increase for 2021 related mainly to increases in insurance casualty reserves. The increase for 2020 primarily related to higher ultimate loss estimates for long-tail casualty business in the reinsurance segment for accident years 2015 to 2018, notably general liability, professional lines, and auto liability. The reserve charge also includes actions on non-CAT property lines, primarily for the 2017 to 2019 accident years and driven by a few large losses to aggregate programs.

The following is information about incurred and paid claims development as of December 31, 2021, net of reinsurance, as well as cumulative claim frequency and the total of incurred but not reported liabilities (IBNR) plus expected development on reported claims included within the net incurred claims amounts. Each of the Company’s financial reporting segments has been disaggregated into casualty and property business. The casualty and property segregation results in groups that have homogeneous loss development characteristics and are large enough to represent credible trends. Generally, casualty claims take longer to be reported and settled, resulting in longer payout patterns and increased volatility. Property claims on the other hand, tend to be reported and settled quicker and therefore tend to exhibit less volatility. The property business is more exposed

F-22

to catastrophe losses, which can result in year over year fluctuations in incurred claims depending on the frequency and severity of catastrophes claims in any one accident year.

The information about incurred and paid claims development for the years ended December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2020 is presented as supplementary information.

The Cumulative Number of Reported Claims is shown only for Insurance Casualty as it is impracticable to provide the information for the remaining groups. The reinsurance groups each include pro rata contracts for which ceding companies provide only summary information via a bordereau. This summary information does not include the number of reported claims underlying the paid and reported losses. Therefore, it is not possible to provide this information. The Insurance Property group includes Accident & Health insurance business. This business is written via a master contract and individual claim counts are not provided. This business represents a significant enough portion of the business in the Insurance Property group so that including the number of reported claims for the remaining business would distort any analytics performed on the group.

The Cumulative Number of Reported Claims shown for the Insurance Casualty is determined by claim and line of business. For example, a claim event with three claimants in the same line of business is a single claim. However, a claim event with a single claimant that spans two lines of business contributes two claims. Cessions under affiliated quota share agreements reduce net losses but do not impact claim counts.

The following tables present the incurred loss and ALAE and the paid loss and ALAE, net of reinsurance for casualty and property, as well as the average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance for each of our disclosed lines of business.

  Reinsurance – Casualty Business

																					At December 31, 2021
																					Total of
																					IBNR Liabilities
		Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of reinsurance																			Plus Expected
		Years Ended December 31,																			Development	Cumulative
		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021	on Reported	Number of
Accident Year	(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)			(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)			Claims	Reported Claims
(Dollars in thousands)
2012	$	374,264	$	267,240	$	174,383	$	181,654	$	188,478	$	190,701	$	190,701	$	190,701	$	190,701	$	190,701	442	N/A
2013				177,680		223,263		221,054		227,822		217,141		217,141		217,141		217,141		217,141	469	N/A
2014						255,341		234,568		256,783		228,097		228,097		228,097		228,097		228,097	3,077	N/A
2015								208,309		248,848		237,190		237,190		237,190		237,190		237,190	9,358	N/A
2016										241,914		238,215		238,215		238,215		238,215		238,215	19,816	N/A
2017												197,617		203,379		203,379		203,379		203,379	38,680	N/A
2018														768,393		752,960		799,254		820,853	137,593	N/A
2019																974,064		1,022,213		1,022,606	449,537	N/A
2020																		1,066,376		1,038,290	772,012	N/A
2021																				1,348,723	931,304	N/A
																			$	5,545,195
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

F-23

		Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
		Years Ended December 31,
		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021
Accident Year		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)
2012	$	13,205	$	29,560	$	59,883	$	94,889	$	120,798	$	125,361	$	149,126	$	152,963	$	158,734	$	163,440
2013				12,437		28,105		63,619		97,298		125,905		157,967		178,119		183,897		186,205
2014						14,576		34,231		75,579		106,207		142,595		174,830		184,167		188,462
2015								15,144		37,998		84,178		145,819		169,256		186,975		195,226
2016										16,907		52,674		88,115		147,710		159,910		187,253
2017												25,901		85,219		98,032		126,846		145,370
2018														118,244		195,365		300,740		407,182
2019																149,304		243,937		369,040
2020																		133,237		225,810
2021																				160,388
																			$	2,228,375
All outstanding liabilities prior to 2012, net of reinsurance																				417,209
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance																			$	3,734,028
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

	Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance (unaudited)
Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Casualty	11.9	%	10.3	%	13.7	%	16.7	%	11.0	%	10.3	%	7.0	%	2.2	%	2.0	%	2.5	%

F-24

  Reinsurance – Property Business

																					At December 31, 2021
																					Total of
																					IBNR Liabilities
		Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of reinsurance																			Plus Expected
		Years Ended December 31,																			Development	Cumulative
		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021	on Reported	Number of
Accident Year	(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)			(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)			Claims	Reported Claims
(Dollars in thousands)
2012	$	679,785	$	587,520	$	523,948	$	549,441	$	539,374	$	541,323	$	526,815	$	523,856	$	522,297	$	520,333	1,026	N/A
2013				403,975		300,432		258,467		219,064		218,494		218,393		218,393		218,393		218,393	293	N/A
2014						598,906		520,558		398,417		369,381		370,501		370,501		370,501		370,501	513	N/A
2015								556,750		362,015		336,155		336,155		336,155		336,155		336,155	1,175	N/A
2016										638,865		673,684		673,998		670,154		668,786		669,430	3,993	N/A
2017												1,272,428		1,856,678		2,025,190		2,118,950		2,171,546	5,340	N/A
2018														2,247,228		2,136,005		2,126,144		2,073,974	3,926	N/A
2019																1,752,412		1,758,026		1,685,107	130,235	N/A
2020																		1,889,425		1,933,200	376,021	N/A
2021																				2,172,649	1,048,869	N/A
																			$	12,151,287
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

		Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
		Years Ended December 31,
		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021
Accident Year		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)
2012	$	149,680	$	290,697	$	366,373	$	432,118	$	450,309	$	479,080	$	491,667	$	492,822	$	494,581	$	499,386
2013				134,914		166,776		180,524		195,395		203,843		211,113		214,264		215,325		216,097
2014						159,404		254,954		316,111		346,325		358,577		361,190		365,719		368,078
2015								161,394		239,320		296,683		314,114		321,199		326,643		331,154
2016										249,085		556,082		654,563		656,722		658,337		663,957
2017												808,372		1,628,572		1,991,813		2,098,073		2,157,355
2018														486,807		1,397,399		1,723,729		1,865,968
2019																704,540		1,205,478		1,461,033
2020																		555,171		1,176,568
2021																				638,780
																			$	9,378,377
All outstanding liabilities prior to 2012, net of reinsurance																				154,467
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance																			$	2,927,377
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

	Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance (unaudited)
Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Property	33.3	%	35.1	%	15.6	%	6.0	%	2.5	%	2.4	%	1.7	%	0.4	%	0.3	%	0.9	%

F-25

  Insurance – Casualty Business

																					At December 31, 2021
																					Total of
																					IBNR Liabilities
		Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of reinsurance																			Plus Expected
		Years Ended December 31,																			Development	Cumulative
		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021	on Reported	Number of
Accident Year	(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)			(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)			Claims	Reported Claims
(Dollars in thousands)
2012	$	212,020	$	175,028	$	185,368	$	184,658	$	188,272	$	185,808	$	185,808	$	185,859	$	186,976	$	186,976	1,017	15,782
2013				256,168		228,206		230,727		224,705		194,720		194,729		194,894		195,442		195,442	1,938	21,360
2014						238,062		239,066		240,960		255,016		255,140		255,099		256,254		256,254	2,301	25,265
2015								259,199		259,516		278,169		278,168		278,338		266,805		266,805	2,538	27,044
2016										351,988		276,918		279,642		281,718		288,365		288,365	3,687	31,674
2017												304,338		237,963		238,151		237,543		237,550	3,703	35,627
2018														645,821		645,105		666,576		690,035	171,007	36,041
2019																768,835		755,941		794,498	204,649	39,219
2020																		817,231		792,661	510,532	34,983
2021																				1,112,359	708,987	31,679
																			$	4,820,945
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

		Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
		Years Ended December 31,
		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021
Accident Year		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)
2012	$	15,687	$	55,230	$	84,407	$	116,622	$	133,278	$	147,010	$	154,410	$	168,865	$	171,160	$	174,799
2013				17,120		68,588		101,648		129,755		149,774		167,583		182,788		189,216		193,325
2014						20,377		71,918		114,198		143,892		228,998		229,606		250,487		253,265
2015								19,962		67,995		116,979		199,529		244,473		259,190		264,189
2016										24,808		101,233		275,797		299,126		308,336		313,458
2017												22,806		151,275		156,995		216,906		233,798
2018														63,227		189,296		271,718		383,255
2019																10,609		216,399		350,310
2020																		94,546		222,904
2021																				200,730
																			$	2,590,034
All outstanding liabilities prior to 2012, net of reinsurance																				28,430
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance																			$	2,259,340
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

	Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance (unaudited)
Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Casualty	10.2	%	15.1	%	18.9	%	17.3	%	13.5	%	4.4	%	3.2	%	3.7	%	1.7	%	1.9	%

F-26

  Insurance – Property Business

																						At December 31, 2021
																						Total of
																						IBNR Liabilities
		Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of reinsurance																				Plus Expected
		Years Ended December 31,																				Development	Cumulative
		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019			2020		2021	on Reported	Number of
Accident Year	(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)			(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)			(unaudited)			Claims	Reported Claims
(Dollars in thousands)
2012	$	58,482	$	47,227	$	43,423	$	44,867	$	44,297	$	44,105	$	44,149	$	44,098	$	$	43,981	$	43,981	-	N/A
2013				64,491		56,350		52,175		52,865		52,676		52,667		52,501			52,604		52,604	1	N/A
2014						67,658		70,075		67,446		66,644		66,519		66,560			66,661		66,661	1	N/A
2015								81,132		75,671		75,828		75,785		75,614			88,916		88,916	6	N/A
2016										143,312		169,794		165,081		164,068			159,296		159,299	15	N/A
2017												230,648		293,606		297,609			300,168		306,076	177	N/A
2018														376,799		373,382			377,908		377,527	159	N/A
2019																337,988			349,802		348,349	334	N/A
2020																			510,496		508,786	4,771	N/A
2021																					541,106	160,032	N/A
																				$	2,493,303
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

		Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
		Years Ended December 31,
		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021
Accident Year		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)
2012	$	26,868	$	44,407	$	42,865	$	44,516	$	44,230	$	44,040	$	44,049	$	44,075	$	43,880	$	43,916
2013				35,201		54,219		52,587		52,848		52,473		52,458		52,465		52,436		52,495
2014						40,277		66,435		66,600		65,967		66,448		66,481		66,557		66,566
2015								45,421		70,397		75,166		75,190		75,047		76,312		76,370
2016										72,262		153,113		169,128		164,453		163,284		163,711
2017												161,592		293,419		282,606		296,783		299,146
2018														236,427		342,824		368,751		375,508
2019																218,337		337,086		347,014
2020																		263,475		364,032
2021																				359,621
																			$	2,148,377
All outstanding liabilities prior to 2012, net of reinsurance																				144
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance																			$	345,070
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

	Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance (unaudited)
Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Property	58.5	%	33.4	%	3.0	%	1.6	%	1.6	%	1.4	%	0.1	%	0.3	%	0.1	%	0.1	%

Reconciliation of the Disclosure of Incurred and Paid Claims Development to the Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses

The reconciliation of the net incurred and paid claims development tables to the liability for claims and claim adjustment expenses in the consolidated statement of financial position is as follows.

F-27

	At December 31,
	2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Net outstanding liabilities
Reinsurance Casualty	$	3,734,028
Reinsurance Property		2,927,377
Insurance Casualty		2,259,340
Insurance Property		345,070
Liabilities for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance		9,265,815
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims
Reinsurance Casualty		908,589
Reinsurance Property		1,010,858
Insurance Casualty		1,541,726
Insurance Property		189,544
Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims		3,650,716
Unallocated claims adjustment expenses		173,945
Other		30,701
		204,646
Total gross liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expense	$	13,121,177
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

Reserving Methodology

The Company maintains reserves equal to our estimated ultimate liability for losses and loss adjustment expense (LAE) for reported and unreported claims for our insurance and reinsurance businesses. Because reserves are based on estimates of ultimate losses and LAE by underwriting or accident year, the Company uses a variety of statistical and actuarial techniques to monitor reserve adequacy over time, evaluate new information as it becomes known, and adjust reserves whenever an adjustment appears warranted. The Company considers many factors when setting reserves including: (1) exposure base and projected ultimate premium; (2) expected loss ratios by product and class of business, which are developed collaboratively by underwriters and actuaries; (3) actuarial methodologies and assumptions which analyze loss reporting and payment experience, reports from ceding companies and historical trends, such as reserving patterns, loss payments, and product mix; (4) current legal interpretations of coverage and liability; and (5) economic conditions. Insurance and reinsurance loss and LAE reserves represent the Company’s best estimate of its ultimate liability. Actual loss and LAE ultimately paid may deviate, perhaps substantially, from such reserves. Net income will be impacted in a period in which the change in estimated ultimate loss and LAE is recorded.

The detailed data required to evaluate ultimate losses for the Company’s insurance business is accumulated from its underwriting and claim systems. Reserving for reinsurance requires evaluation of loss information received from ceding companies. Ceding companies report losses in many forms depending on the type of contract and the agreed or contractual reporting requirements. Generally, pro rata contracts require the submission of a monthly/quarterly account, which includes premium and loss activity for the period with corresponding reserves as established by the ceding company. This information is recorded into the Company’s records. For certain pro rata contracts, the Company may require a detailed loss report for claims that exceed a certain dollar threshold or relate to a particular type of loss. Excess of loss and facultative contracts generally require individual loss reporting with precautionary notices provided when a loss reaches a significant percentage of the attachment point of the contract or when certain causes of loss or types of injury occur. Experienced claims staff handles individual loss reports and supporting claim information. Based on evaluation of a claim, the Company may

F-28

establish additional case reserves in addition to the case reserves reported by the ceding company. To ensure ceding companies are submitting required and accurate data, Everest’s Underwriting, Claim, Reinsurance Accounting, and Internal Audit Departments perform various reviews of ceding companies, particularly larger ceding companies, including on-site audits of domestic ceding companies.

The Company segments both reinsurance and insurance reserves into exposure groupings for actuarial analysis. The Company assigns business to exposure groupings so that the underlying exposures have reasonably homogeneous loss development characteristics and are large enough to facilitate credible estimation of ultimate losses. The Company periodically reviews its exposure groupings and may change groupings over time as business changes. The Company currently uses approximately 200 exposure groupings to develop reserve estimates. One of the key selection characteristics for the exposure groupings is the historical duration of the claims settlement process. Business in which claims are reported and settled relatively quickly are commonly referred to as short tail lines, principally property lines. On the other hand, casualty claims tend to take longer to be reported and settled and casualty lines are generally referred to as long tail lines. Estimates of ultimate losses for shorter tail lines, with the exception of loss estimates for large catastrophic events, generally exhibit less volatility than those for the longer tail lines.

The Company uses a variety of actuarial methodologies, such as the expected loss ratio method, chain ladder methods, and Bornhuetter-Ferguson methods, supplemented by judgment where appropriate, to estimate ultimate loss and LAE for each exposure group.

Expected Loss Ratio Method: The expected loss ratio method uses earned premium times an expected loss ratio to calculate ultimate losses for a given underwriting or accident year. This method relies entirely on expectation to project ultimate losses with no consideration given to actual losses. As such, it may be appropriate for an immature underwriting or accident year where few, if any, losses have been reported or paid, but less appropriate for a more mature year.

Chain Ladder Method: Chain ladder methods use a standard loss development triangle to project ultimate losses. Age-to-age development factors are selected for each development period and combined to calculate age-to-ultimate development factors which are then applied to paid or reported losses to project ultimate losses. This method relies entirely on actual paid or reported losses to project ultimate losses. No other factors such as changes in pricing or other expectations are taken into account. It is most appropriate for groups with homogeneous, stable experience where past development patterns are expected to continue in the future. It is least appropriate for groups which have changed significantly over time or which are more volatile.

Bornhuetter-Ferguson Method: The Bornhuetter-Ferguson method is a combination of the expected loss ratio method and the chain ladder method. Ultimate losses are projected based partly on actual paid or reported losses and partly on expectation. Incurred but not reported (IBNR) reserves are calculated using earned premium, an a priori loss ratio, and selected age-to-age development factors and added to actual reported (paid) losses to determine ultimate losses. It is more responsive to actual reported or paid development than the expected loss ratio method but less responsive than the chain ladder method. The reliability of the method depends on the accuracy of the selected a priori loss ratio.

Although the Company uses similar actuarial methods for both short tail and long tail lines, the faster reporting of experience for the short tail lines allows the Company to have greater confidence in its estimates of ultimate losses for short tail lines at an earlier stage than for long tail lines. As a result, the Company utilizes, as well, exposure-based methods to estimate its ultimate losses for longer tail lines, especially for immature underwriting or accident years. For both short and long tail lines, the Company supplements these general approaches with analytically based judgments.

Key actuarial assumptions contain no explicit provisions for reserve uncertainty nor do we supplement the actuarially determined reserves for uncertainty.

F-29

Carried reserves at each reporting date are the Company’s best estimate of ultimate unpaid losses and LAE at that date. The Company completes detailed reserve studies for each exposure group annually for both reinsurance and insurance operations. The completed annual reserve studies are “rolled-forward” for each accounting period until the subsequent reserve study is completed. Analyzing the roll-forward process involves comparing actual reported losses to expected losses based on the most recent reserve study. The Company analyzes significant variances between actual and expected losses and post adjustments to its reserves as warranted.

Certain reserves, including losses from widespread catastrophic events and COVID-19 related losses, cannot be estimated using traditional actuarial methods. These types of events are reserved for separately using a variety of statistical and actuarial techniques. We estimate losses for these types of events based on information derived from catastrophe models, quantitative and qualitative exposure analyses, reports and communications from ceding companies and development patterns for historically similar events, where available.

The Company continues to receive claims under expired insurance and reinsurance contracts asserting injuries and/or damages relating to or resulting from environmental pollution and hazardous substances, including asbestos. Environmental claims typically assert liability for (a) the mitigation or remediation of environmental contamination or (b) bodily injury or property damage caused by the release of hazardous substances into the land, air or water. Asbestos claims typically assert liability for bodily injury from exposure to asbestos or for property damage resulting from asbestos or products containing asbestos.

The Company’s reserves include an estimate of the Company’s ultimate liability for A&E claims. The Company’s A&E liabilities emanate from direct insurance business and Everest Re’s assumed reinsurance business. All of the contracts of insurance and reinsurance, under which the Company has received claims during the past three years, expired more than 20 years ago. There are significant uncertainties surrounding the Company’s reserves for its A&E losses.

A&E exposures represent a separate exposure group for monitoring and evaluating reserve adequacy. The following table summarizes incurred losses with respect to A&E reserves on both a gross and net of reinsurance basis for the periods indicated:

	At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)		2021		2020		2019
Gross basis:
Beginning of period reserves	$	219,341	$	257,921	$	347,495
Incurred losses		10,861		1,540		2,071
Paid losses		(55,048)		(40,120)		(91,645)
End of period reserves	$	175,154	$	219,341	$	257,921
Net basis:
Beginning of period reserves	$	167,439	$	196,574	$	223,548
Incurred losses		(3,148)		(4,753)		-
Paid losses		(35,857)		(24,382)		(26,974)
End of period reserves	$	128,434	$	167,439	$	196,574

Reinsurance Recoverables. Reinsurance recoverables for both paid and unpaid losses totaled $3.9 billion and $4.2 billion at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. At December 31, 2021, $2.3 billion, or 59.2%, was receivable from Everest Reinsurance (Bermuda), Ltd. (“Bermuda Re”), an affiliated entity, and is fully collateralized by a trust agreement and $391.5 million, or 10.1%, was receivable from Mt. Logan Re Ltd. (Bermuda) (“Mt. Logan Re”) collateralized segregated accounts. No other retrocessionaire accounted for more than 5% of reinsurance receivables.

F-30

4. FAIR VALUE

GAAP guidance regarding fair value measurements address how companies should measure fair value when they are required to use fair value measures for recognition or disclosure purposes under GAAP and provides a common definition of fair value to be used throughout GAAP. It defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly fashion between market participants at the measurement date. In addition, it establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for the disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability. The level in the hierarchy within which a given fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the measurement, with Level 1 being the highest priority and Level 3 being the lowest priority.

The levels in the hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1:Inputs to the valuation methodology are observable inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market;

Level 2:Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument;

Level 3:Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s fixed maturity and equity securities are primarily managed by third party investment asset managers. The investment asset managers managing publicly traded securities obtain prices from nationally recognized pricing services. These services seek to utilize market data and observations in their evaluation process. They use pricing applications that vary by asset class and incorporate available market information and when fixed maturity securities do not trade on a daily basis the services will apply available information through processes such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing. In addition, they use model processes, such as the Option Adjusted Spread model to develop prepayment and interest rate scenarios for securities that have prepayment features.

The investment asset managers do not make any changes to prices received from either the pricing services or the investment brokers. In addition, the investment asset managers have procedures in place to review the reasonableness of the prices from the service providers and may request verification of the prices. The Company also continually performs quantitative and qualitative analysis of prices, including but not limited to initial and ongoing review of pricing methodologies, review of prices obtained from pricing services and third party investment asset managers, review of pricing statistics and trends, and comparison of prices for certain securities with a secondary price source for reasonableness. No material variances were noted during these price validation procedures. In limited situations, where financial markets are inactive or illiquid, the Company may use its own assumptions about future cash flows and risk-adjusted discount rates to determine fair value. At December 31, 2021, $2.0 billion of fixed maturities, market value were fair valued using unobservable inputs. The majority of these fixed maturities were valued by investment managers’ valuation committees and many of these fair values were substantiated by valuations from independent third parties. The Company has procedures in place to evaluate these independent third party valuations. At December 31, 2020, $1.3 billion of fixed maturities, market value were fair valued using unobservable inputs.

The Company internally manages a public equity portfolio which had a fair value at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 of $1.3 billion and $784.7 million, respectively. During the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company began to internally manage a portfolio of collateralized loan obligations included in asset-backed securities which had a fair value of $2.0 billion at December 31, 2021. All prices for these securities were obtained from publicly published sources or nationally recognized pricing vendors.

F-31

Equity securities denominated in U.S. currency with quoted prices in active markets for identical assets are categorized as Level 1 since the quoted prices are directly observable. Equity securities traded on foreign exchanges are categorized as Level 2 due to the added input of a foreign exchange conversion rate to determine fair or market value. The Company uses foreign currency exchange rates published by a nationally recognized source.

Fixed maturity securities listed in the tables have been categorized as Level 2, since a particular security may not have traded but the pricing services are able to use valuation models with observable market inputs such as interest rate yield curves and prices for similar fixed maturity securities in terms of issuer, maturity and seniority. For foreign government securities and foreign corporate securities, the fair values provided by the third party pricing services in local currencies, and where applicable, are converted to U.S. dollars using currency exchange rates from nationally recognized sources.

In addition to the valuations from investment managers, some of the fixed maturities with fair values categorized as Level 3 result when prices are not available from the nationally recognized pricing services and are derived using unobservable inputs. The Company will value the securities with unobservable inputs using comparable market information or receive fair values from investment managers. The investment managers may obtain non-binding price quotes for the securities from brokers. The single broker quotes are provided by market makers or broker-dealers who are recognized as market participants in the markets in which they are providing the quotes. The prices received from brokers are reviewed for reasonableness by the third party asset managers and the Company. If the broker quotes are for foreign denominated securities, the quotes are converted to U.S. dollars using currency exchange rates from nationally recognized sources.

The fixed maturities with fair values categorized as Level 3 result when prices are not available from the nationally recognized pricing services.

The composition and valuation inputs for the presented fixed maturities categories Level 1 and Level 2 are as follows:

 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations are primarily comprised of U.S. Treasury bonds and the fair value is based on observable market inputs such as quoted prices, reported trades, quoted prices for similar issuances or benchmark yields;

 Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions are comprised of state and municipal bond issuances and the fair values are based on observable market inputs such as quoted market prices, quoted prices for similar securities, benchmark yields and credit spreads;

 Corporate securities are primarily comprised of U.S. corporate and public utility bond issuances and the fair values are based on observable market inputs such as quoted market prices, quoted prices for similar securities, benchmark yields and credit spreads;

 Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities fair values are based on observable inputs such as quoted prices, reported trades, quoted prices for similar issuances or benchmark yields and cash flow models using observable inputs such as prepayment speeds, collateral performance and default spreads;

 Foreign government securities are comprised of global non-U.S. sovereign bond issuances and the fair values are based on observable market inputs such as quoted market prices, quoted prices for similar securities and models with observable inputs such as benchmark yields and credit spreads and then, where applicable, converted to U.S. dollars using an exchange rate from a nationally recognized source;

F-32

 Foreign corporate securities are comprised of global non-U.S. corporate bond issuances and the fair values are based on observable market inputs such as quoted market prices, quoted prices for similar securities and models with observable inputs such as benchmark yields and credit spreads and then, where applicable, converted to U.S. dollars using an exchange rate from a nationally recognized source.

Other invested assets, at fair value, were categorized as Level 3 at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, since it represented a privately placed convertible preferred stock issued by an affiliate. The stock was received in exchange for shares of the Company’s parent. The 25 year redeemable, convertible preferred stock with a 1.75% coupon is valued using a pricing model. The pricing model includes observable inputs such as the U.S. Treasury yield curve rate T note constant maturity 10 year and the swap rate on the Company’s June 1, 2044, 4.868% senior notes, with adjustments to reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset.

F-33

The following table presents the fair value measurement levels for all assets, which the Company has recorded at fair value (fair and market value) as of the period indicated:

			Fair Value Measurement Using:
			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
			Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	December 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
Fixed maturities, market value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations	$	662,749	$	-	$	662,749	$	-
Obligations of U.S. States and political subdivisions		586,621		-		586,621		-
Corporate securities		4,074,905		-		3,344,980		729,925
Asset-backed securities		3,466,286		-		2,215,005		1,251,281
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial		602,894		-		602,894		-
Agency residential		1,260,678		-		1,260,678		-
Non-agency residential		4,408		-		4,408		-
Foreign government securities		691,980		-		691,980		-
Foreign corporate securities		1,509,874		-		1,493,859		16,015
Total fixed maturities, market value		12,860,395		-		10,863,174		1,997,221
Equity securities, fair value		1,757,792		1,721,762		36,030		-
Other invested assets, fair value		2,030,816		-		-		2,030,816

			Fair Value Measurement Using:
			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
			Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	December 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
(Dollars in thousands)	2020		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
Fixed maturities, market value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations	$	681,989	$	-	$	681,989	$	-
Obligations of U.S. States and political subdivisions		577,046		-		577,046		-
Corporate securities		3,449,912		-		2,819,068		630,844
Asset-backed securities		2,474,170		-		1,851,137		623,033
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial		550,080		-		550,080		-
Agency residential		965,100		-		965,100		-
Non-agency residential		3,164		-		3,164		-
Foreign government securities		742,238		-		742,238		-
Foreign corporate securities		1,199,866		-		1,194,167		5,699
Total fixed maturities, market value		10,643,565		-		9,383,989		1,259,576
Equity securities, fair value		1,288,767		1,222,158		66,609		-
Other invested assets, fair value		1,796,479		-		-		1,796,479

F-34

In addition, $286.6 million and $224.7 million of investments within other invested assets on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, are not included within the fair value hierarchy tables as the assets are measured at NAV as a practical expedient to determine fair value.

The following tables present the activity under Level 3, fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs by asset type, for the periods indicated:

	Total Fixed Maturities, Market Value
	December 31, 2021								December 31, 2020
	Corporate		Asset		Foreign				Corporate		Asset		Foreign
(Dollars in thousands)	Securities		Backed Securities		Corporate		Total		Securities		Backed Securities		Corporate		Total
Beginning balance	$	630,843	$	623,033	$	5,700	$	1,259,576	$	546,939	$	153,641	$	1,751	$	702,331
Total gains or (losses) (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings		(11,717)		(6,469)		399		(17,787)		1,216		681		(125)		1,772
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)		4,007		(6,603)		184		(2,412)		(1,115)		11,678		147		10,710
Purchases, issuances and settlements		106,791		641,320		9,733		757,844		84,840		457,033		3,814		545,687
Transfers in and/or (out) of Level 3		-		-		-		-		(1,037)		-		113		(924)
Ending balance	$	729,925	$	1,251,281	$	16,015	$	1,997,221	$	630,843	$	623,033	$	5,700	$	1,259,576
The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at the reporting date	$	(16,467)	$	(7,679)	$	-	$	(24,146)	$	(539)	$	-	$	-	$	(539)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

	Total Fixed Maturities, Fair Value
	December 31, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Foreign				Foreign
(Dollars in thousands)	Corporate		Total		Corporate		Total
Beginning balance fixed maturities at fair value		-		-		5,826		5,826
Total gains or (losses) (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings		-		-		(919)		(919)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)		-		-		-		-
Purchases, issuances and settlements		-		-		(4,907)		(4,907)
Transfers in and/or (out) of Level 3		-		-		-		-
Ending balance	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

The net transfers to/(from) Level 3, fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs for fixed maturities, market value were $(0.9) million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The transfers during 2020 related to securities that were previously priced by investment managers and were subsequently priced using a recognized pricing service as of December 31, 2020.

The net transfers to/(from) Level 3, fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs for equity securities, fair value were ($9.9) million for 2020. The transfer of ($9.9) million during 2020, was related to preferred stock in a private entity purchased during the second quarter of 2020 which was priced at cost originally and was subsequently priced based upon the book value of the underlying private entity as of December 31, 2020. There were no such transfers during 2021.

F-35

5. SENIOR NOTES

The table below displays Holdings’ outstanding senior notes. Market value is based on quoted market prices, but due to limited trading activity, these senior notes are considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

				December 31, 2021				December 31, 2020
				Consolidated				Consolidated
			Principal	Balance Sheet		Market		Balance Sheet		Market
(Dollars in thousands)	Date Issued	Date Due	Amounts	Amount		Value		Amount		Value
4.868% Senior notes	06/05/2014	06/01/2044	400,000	$	397,314	$	503,840	$	397,194	$	528,000
3.5% Senior notes	10/7/2020	10/15/2050	1,000,000	$	980,046	$	1,054,520	$	979,524	$	1,138,100
3.125% Senior notes	10/4/2021	10/15/2052	1,000,000	$	968,440	$	983,140	$	-	$	-
			2,400,000	$	2,345,800	$	2,541,500	$	1,376,718	$	1,666,100

On October 4, 2021, Holdings issued $1.0 billion of 31 year senior notes an interest coupon rate of 3.125% which will mature on October 15, 2052. Interest is paid semi-annually on April 15th and October 15th of each year.

Interest expense incurred in connection with these senior notes is as follows for the periods indicated:

			Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	Interest Paid	Payable Dates		2021		2020		2019
4.868% Senior notes	semi-annually	June 1/December 1	$	19,472	$	19,472	$	19,472
3.5% Senior notes	semi-annually	April 15/October 15	$	35,221	$	8,115	$	-
3.125% Senior notes	semi-annually	April 15/October 15	$	7,635	$	-	$	-
			$	62,328	$	27,587	$	19,472

6. LONG TERM SUBORDINATED NOTES

The table below displays Holdings’ outstanding fixed to floating rate long term subordinated notes. Market value is based on quoted market prices, but due to limited trading activity, these subordinated notes are considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Original

Consolidated

Consolidated

Principal

Maturity Date

Balance

Market

Balance

Market

(Dollars in thousands)

Date Issued

Amount

Scheduled

Final

Sheet Amount

Value

Sheet Amount

Value

Long term subordinated notes

04/26/2007

$

400,000

05/15/2037

05/01/2067

$

223,774

$

216,289

$

223,674

$

206,447

During the fixed rate interest period from May 3, 2007 through May 14, 2017, interest was at the annual rate of 6.6%, payable semi-annually in arrears on November 15 and May 15 of each year, commencing on November 15, 2007. During the floating rate interest period from May 15, 2017 through maturity, interest will be based on the 3 month LIBOR plus 238.5 basis points, reset quarterly, payable quarterly in arrears on February 15, May 15, August 15 and November 15 of each year, subject to Holdings’ right to defer interest on one or more occasions for up to ten consecutive years. Deferred interest will accumulate interest at the applicable rate compounded quarterly for periods from and including May 15, 2017. The reset quarterly interest rate for November 15, 2021 to February 14, 2022 is 2.54%.

Holdings may redeem the long term subordinated notes on or after May 15, 2017, in whole or in part at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest; however, redemption on or after the scheduled maturity date and prior to May 1, 2047 is subject to a replacement capital covenant. This covenant is for the benefit of certain senior note holders and it mandates that Holdings receive proceeds from the sale of another subordinated debt issue, of at least similar size, before it may redeem the subordinated notes. Effective upon the maturity of the Company’s 5.40% senior notes on October 15, 2014, the Company’s 4.868% senior notes, due on June 1, 2044, have become the Company’s long term indebtedness that ranks senior to the long term subordinated notes.

F-36

The Company repurchased and retired $13.2 million of its outstanding long term subordinated notes during the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company realized a gain of $2.5 million from the repurchase of the long term subordinated notes the year ended December 2020. No repurchases of debt were made during the year ended December 31, 2021.

On March 19, 2009, Group announced the commencement of a cash tender offer for any and all of the 6.60% fixed to floating rate long term subordinated notes. Upon expiration of the tender offer, the Company had reduced its outstanding debt by $161.4 million. In addition, during 2020, the Company repurchased and retired $13.2 million of these notes.

Interest expense incurred in connection with these long term subordinated notes is as follows for the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Interest expense incurred	$	5,818	$	7,645	$	11,587

7. FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK MEMBERSHIP

Everest Re is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (“FHLBNY”), which allows Everest Re to borrow up to 10% of its statutory admitted assets. As of December 31, 2021, Everest Re had admitted assets of approximately $20.2 billion which provides borrowing capacity of up to approximately $2.02 billion. As of December 31, 2021, Everest Re has $519.0 million of borrowings outstanding, with maturities in 2022 and interest payable at interest rates between 0.53% and 0.65%. Everest incurred interest expense of $1.2 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The FHLBNY membership agreement requires that 4.5% of borrowed funds be used to acquire additional membership stock.

8. COLLATERALIZED REINSURANCE AND TRUST AGREEMENTS

A subsidiary of the Company, Everest Re, has established a trust agreement, which effectively uses Everest Re’s investments as collateral, as security for assumed losses payable to non-affiliated ceding companies. At December 31, 2021, the total amount on deposit in the trust account was $1.1 billion.

F-37

The Company entered into various collateralized reinsurance agreements with Kilimanjaro Re Limited (“Kilimanjaro”), a Bermuda based special purpose reinsurer, to provide the Company with catastrophe reinsurance coverage. These agreements are multi-year reinsurance contracts which cover named storm and earthquake events. The table below summarizes the various agreements:

(Dollars in thousands)
Class	Description	Effective Date	Expiration Date	Limit		Coverage Basis
Series 2017-1 Class A-2	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	4/13/2017	4/13/2022		50,000	Aggregate
Series 2017-1 Class B-2	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	4/13/2017	4/13/2022		75,000	Aggregate
Series 2017-1 Class C-2	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	4/13/2017	4/13/2022		175,000	Aggregate
Series 2018-1 Class A-1	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	4/30/2018	5/6/2022		62,500	Aggregate
Series 2018-1 Class B-1	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	4/30/2018	5/6/2022		200,000	Aggregate
Series 2018-1 Class A-2	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	4/30/2018	5/5/2023		62,500	Aggregate
Series 2018-1 Class B-2	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	4/30/2018	5/5/2023		200,000	Aggregate
Series 2019-1 Class A-1	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	12/12/2019	12/19/2023		150,000	Occurrence
Series 2019-1 Class B-1	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	12/12/2019	12/19/2023		275,000	Aggregate
Series 2019-1 Class A-2	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	12/12/2019	12/19/2024		150,000	Occurrence
Series 2019-1 Class B-2	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	12/12/2019	12/19/2024		275,000	Aggregate
Series 2021-1 Class A-1	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	4/8/2021	4/21/2025		150,000	Occurrence
Series 2021-1 Class B-1	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	4/8/2021	4/21/2025		85,000	Aggregate
Series 2021-1 Class C-1	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	4/8/2021	4/21/2025		85,000	Aggregate
Series 2021-1 Class A-2	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	4/8/2021	4/20/2026		150,000	Occurrence
Series 2021-1 Class B-2	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	4/8/2021	4/20/2026		90,000	Aggregate
Series 2021-1 Class C-2	US, Canada, Puerto Rico – Named Storm and Earthquake Events	4/8/2021	4/20/2026		90,000	Aggregate
	Total available limit as of December 31, 2021			$	2,325,000

Recoveries under these collateralized reinsurance agreements with Kilimanjaro are primarily dependent on estimated industry level insured losses from covered events, as well as, the geographic location of the events. The estimated industry level of insured losses is obtained from published estimates by an independent recognized authority on insured property losses. Currently, none of the published insured loss estimates for catastrophe events during the applicable covered periods of the various agreements have exceeded the single event retentions or aggregate retentions under the terms of the agreements that would result in a recovery.

Kilimanjaro has financed the various property catastrophe reinsurance coverages by issuing catastrophe bonds to unrelated, external investors. The proceeds from the issuance of the Notes listed below are held in reinsurance trusts throughout the duration of the applicable reinsurance agreements and invested solely in US government money market funds with a rating of at least “AAAm” by Standard & Poor’s.

F-38

(Dollars in thousands)
Note Series	Issue Date	Maturity Date	Amount
Series 2017-1 Class A-2	4/13/2017	4/13/2022		50,000
Series 2017-1 Class B-2	4/13/2017	4/13/2022		75,000
Series 2017-1 Class C-2	4/13/2017	4/13/2022		175,000
Series 2018-1 Class A-1	4/30/2018	5/6/2022		62,500
Series 2018-1 Class B-1	4/30/2018	5/6/2022		200,000
Series 2018-1 Class A-2	4/30/2018	5/5/2023		62,500
Series 2018-1 Class B-2	4/30/2018	5/5/2023		200,000
Series 2019-1 Class A-1	12/12/2019	12/19/2023		150,000
Series 2019-1 Class B-1	12/12/2019	12/19/2023		275,000
Series 2019-1 Class A-2	12/12/2019	12/19/2024		150,000
Series 2019-1 Class B-2	12/12/2019	12/19/2024		275,000
Series 2021-1 Class A-1	4/8/2021	4/21/2025		150,000
Series 2021-1 Class B-1	4/8/2021	4/21/2025		85,000
Series 2021-1 Class C-1	4/8/2021	4/21/2025		85,000
Series 2021-1 Class A-2	4/8/2021	4/20/2026		150,000
Series 2021-1 Class B-2	4/8/2021	4/20/2026		90,000
Series 2021-1 Class C-2	4/8/2021	4/20/2026		90,000
			$	2,325,000

9. LEASES

The Company enters into lease agreements for real estate that is primarily used for office space in the ordinary course of business. These leases are accounted for as operating leases, whereby lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Most leases include an option to extend or renew the lease term. The exercise of the renewal is at the Company’s discretion. The operating lease liability includes lease payments related to options to extend or renew the lease term if the Company is reasonably certain of exercise those options. The Company, in determining the present value of lease payments utilizes either the rate implicit in the lease if that rate is readily determinable or the Company’s incremental secured borrowing rate commensurate with terms of the underlying lease.

Supplemental information related to operating leases is as follows for the periods indicated:

	Year Ended
	December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Lease expense incurred:
Operating lease cost	$	23,998	$	29,822

	At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Operating lease right of use assets	$	131,295	$	139,835
Operating lease liabilities		149,501		155,144

F-39

	Year Ended
	December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(15,905)	$	(18,411)

	At December 31,
	2021		2020
Weighted average remaining operating lease term	11.8 years			12.5 years
Weighted average discount rate on operating leases	4.00	%		4.02	%

Maturities of the existing lease liabilities are expected to occur as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)
2022	$	18,459
2023		18,192
2024		18,226
2025		15,235
2026		14,108
Thereafter		102,104
Undiscounted lease payments		186,324
Less: present value adjustment		36,823
Total operating lease liability	$	149,501

On July 2, 2019, the Company entered into a lease agreement to relocate its U.S. corporate offices from Liberty Corner, New Jersey to Warren, New Jersey. The new lease, which covers approximately 315,000 square feet of office space, was effective October 1, 2019 and runs through 2036. The initial base rent payment of the lease will be approximately $650 thousand per month or $7.8 million per year. The Company relocated the existing operations and employees of the Liberty Corner, New Jersey facility to the new corporate complex as of December 2020.

10. INCOME TAXES

All of the income of Holdings U.S. subsidiaries, including its foreign branches, is subject to the applicable federal, foreign, state and local income taxes on corporations. The provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) has been determined by applying the respective tax laws to the income of each entity.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act, enacted on March 27, 2020, provided that U.S. companies could carryback for five years net operating losses incurred in 2018, 2019 and/or 2020. This beneficial tax provision in the CARES Act enabled the Company to carryback its significant 2018 net operating losses to prior tax years with higher effective tax rates of 35% versus 21% in 2018 and later years. As a result, the Company was able to record a net income tax benefit from the five-year carryback of $32.5 million and obtain federal income tax cash refunds of $182.5 million including interest in 2020.

F-40

The significant components of the provision are as follows for the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Current tax expense (benefit):
U.S.	$	101,499	$	(106,719)	$	(1,684)
Foreign		7		(11)		77
Total current tax expense (benefit)		101,506		(106,730)		(1,607)
Total deferred U.S. tax expense (benefit)		90,130		138,388		136,834
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	191,636	$	31,658	$	135,228

A reconciliation of the total income tax provision using the statutory U.S. Federal Income tax rate to the Company’s total income tax provision is as follows for the periods indicated:

(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Expected income tax provision at the U.S. statutory tax rate	$	208,103	$	80,588	$	160,762
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:
Tax exempt income		(3,927)		(3,598)		(3,680)
Dividend received deduction		(840)		(1,100)		(998)
Proration		1,048		1,049		1,050
Creditable foreign premium tax		(13,392)		(11,513)		(9,852)
Tax audit settlement		-		-		(1,576)
Share based compensation tax benefits formerly in APIC		(1,951)		(2,612)		(2,987)
Impact of CARES Act		-		(32,500)		-
Change in uncertain tax positions		-		-		(8,434)
Other		2,595		1,345		942
Total income tax provision	$	191,636	$	31,658	$	135,228
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending unrecognized tax benefits, for the periods indicated, is as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Balance at January 1	$	-	$	-	$	8,434
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		-		-		-
Additions for tax positions of prior years		-		-		-
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		-		-		(8,434)
Settlements with taxing authorities		-		-		-
Lapses of applicable statutes of limitations		-		-		-
Balance at December 31	$	-	$	-	$	-

At December 31, 2021, the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, that would impact the effective tax rate were $0 thousand. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized in income tax expense. At December 31, 2021, the Company accrued $0 thousand for the payment of interest (net of the federal benefit) and penalties. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no accrued liabilities, respectively, for the payment of interest and penalties.

The Company’s 2014 through 2018 U.S. tax years are under audit by the IRS. To date, the Company has received only one notice of proposed adjustment for an immaterial amount of tax for the 2014 tax year. Also, the Company proposed affirmative beneficial income tax return adjustments to the IRS at the start of the 2014 audit.

F-41

Subsequent to the Company’s CARES Act net operating loss carryback, the Company received a tax refund of $16.3 million of recaptured foreign tax credits related to the affirmative adjustments. In addition, tax years 2019 and 2020 are open for examination by the U.S. Federal jurisdiction.

To date, the Company has not received any Information Document Requests (“IDRs”) or notices of proposed adjustment for 2015 to 2018. The Company had filed amended tax returns requesting refunds for 2015 and 2016 for $1.5 million and $4.7 million respectively.

Deferred income taxes reflect the tax effect of the temporary differences between the value of assets and liabilities for financial statement purposes and such values as measured by U.S. tax laws and regulations. The principal items making up the net deferred income tax assets/(liabilities) are as follows for the periods indicated:

	At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Deferred tax assets:
Loss reserves	$	129,861	$	96,840
Unearned premium reserve		107,724		85,028
Lease Liability		30,885		31,989
Foreign tax credits		21,787		46,109
Net unrecognized losses on benefit plans		13,395		19,636
Equity compensation		6,869		6,749
Investment impairments		6,160		1,121
Unrealized foreign currency losses		4,480		597
Uncollectible reinsurance reserve		3,142		3,142
Net operating loss		834		684
Deferred expense		679		622
Other tax credits		213		4,591
Other assets		7,355		6,559
Total deferred tax assets		333,384		303,667
Deferred tax liabilities:
Net fair value income		349,017		277,525
Deferred acquisition costs		99,395		79,994
Partnership Investments		56,699		26,119
Net unrealized investment gains		35,228		84,869
Right of use asset		27,111		28,822
Bond market discount		3,087		2,257
Benefit plan asset		1,667		1,765
Other liabilities		7,253		5,056
Total deferred tax liabilities		579,457		506,407
Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities)	$	(246,073)	$	(202,740)

Due to the passage of the CARES Act in 2020, which allowed for a five-year carryback of NOLs, as of December 31, 2020 the Company no longer has a Consolidated U.S. NOL carryforward. Without the Consolidated U.S. NOL carryforward, the Company was able to utilize a significant amount of U.S. Foreign Tax Credits (“FTCs”) in both 2019 and 2020. As a result, its FTC carryforwards were significantly reduced at December 31, 2020 to only $46.1 million. The remaining FTC carryforwards as of December 31, 2021 begin to expire in 2028 related to our branch basket.

F-42

Tax effected U.S. Separate Return Limitation Year NOLs of $0.8 million begin to expire in 2037.

The Company follows ASU 2016-09 in regards to the treatment of the tax effects of share-based compensation transactions. ASU 2016-09 required that the income tax effects of restricted stock vestings and stock option exercises resulting from the change in value of share based compensation awards between the grant date and settlement (vesting/exercising) date be recorded as part of income tax expense (benefit) within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Per ASU 2016-09, the Company recorded excess tax benefits of $2.0 million, $2.6 million and $3.0 million related to restricted stock vestings and stock option exercises as part of income tax expense (benefit) within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

ASU 2016-09 does not impact the accounting treatment of tax benefits related to dividends on restricted stock. The tax benefits related to the payment of dividends on restricted stock have been recorded as part of additional paid-in capital in the stockholder’s equity section of the consolidated balance sheets in all years. The tax benefits related to the payment of dividends on restricted stock were $0.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

11. REINSURANCE

The Company utilizes reinsurance agreements to reduce its exposure to large claims and catastrophic loss occurrences. These agreements provide for recovery from reinsurers of a portion of losses and LAE under certain circumstances without relieving the Company of its underlying obligations to the policyholders. Losses and LAE incurred and premiums earned are reported after deduction for reinsurance. In the event that one or more of the reinsurers were unable to meet their obligations under these reinsurance agreements, the Company would not realize the full value of the reinsurance recoverables balances. The Company's procedures include carefully selecting its reinsurers, structuring agreements to provide collateral funds where necessary, and regularly monitoring the financial condition and ratings of its reinsurers. Reinsurance recoverable include balances due from reinsurance companies and are presented net of an allowance for uncollectible reinsurance. Reinsurance recoverables include an estimate of the amount of gross losses and loss adjustment expense reserves that may be ceded under the terms of the reinsurance agreements, including incurred but not reported unpaid losses. The Company’s estimate of losses and loss adjustment expense reserves ceded to reinsurers is based on assumptions that are consistent with those used in establishing the gross reserves for amounts the Company owes to its claimants. The Company estimates its ceded reinsurance recoverable based on the terms of any applicable facultative and treaty reinsurance, including an estimate of how incurred but not reported losses will ultimately be ceded under reinsurance agreements. Accordingly, the Company’s estimate of reinsurance recoverables is subject to similar risks and uncertainties as the estimate of the gross reserve for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses. The Company may hold partial collateral, including letters of credit and funds held, under these agreements. See also Note 1C, Note 3 and Note 8.

Balances are considered past due when amounts that have been billed are not collected within contractually stipulated time periods, generally 30, 60 or 90 days. To manage reinsurer credit risk, a reinsurance security review committee evaluates the credit standing, financial performance, management and operational quality of each potential reinsurer. In placing reinsurance, the Company considers the nature of the risk reinsured, including the expected liability payout duration, and establishes limits tiered by reinsurer credit rating.

Where its contracts permit, the Company secures future claim obligations with various forms of collateral or other credit enhancement, including irrevocable letters of credit, secured trusts, funds held accounts and group wide offsets.

See Note 1C for discussion of allowance on reinsurance recoverables.

Insurance companies, including reinsurers, are regulated and hold risk-based capital to mitigate the risk of loss due to economic factors and other risks. Non-U.S. reinsurers are either subject to a capital regime substantively

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equivalent to domestic insurers or we hold collateral to support collection of reinsurance receivable. As a result, there is limited history of losses from insurer defaults.

The Company expects the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to reinsurers to be somewhat mitigated by their regulated capital and liquidity positions. The ultimate impact to the Company's financial statements could vary significantly from our estimates depending on the duration and severity of the pandemic, the duration and severity of the economic downturn and the degree to which federal, state and local government actions to mitigate the economic impact of COVID-19 are effective.

Premiums written and earned and incurred losses and LAE are comprised of the following for the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Written premiums:
Direct	$	3,300,459	$	2,698,100	$	2,449,198
Assumed		6,030,568		5,258,938		4,603,866
Ceded		(1,611,587)		(1,318,338)		(1,278,115)
Net written premiums	$	7,719,441	$	6,638,700	$	5,774,949
Premiums earned:
Direct	$	2,981,927	$	2,591,613	$	2,255,388
Assumed		5,740,688		5,183,399		4,427,006
Ceded		(1,544,024)		(1,368,436)		(1,193,359)
Net premiums earned	$	7,178,592	$	6,406,576	$	5,489,035
Incurred losses and LAE:
Direct	$	2,042,814	$	1,784,616	$	1,401,251
Assumed		3,871,643		3,576,252		2,913,987
Ceded		(527,601)		(752,724)		(486,116)
Net incurred losses and LAE	$	5,386,856	$	4,608,144	$	3,829,122

The Company has engaged in reinsurance transactions with Bermuda Re, Everest Reinsurance Company (Ireland) dac (“Ireland Re”), Everest Insurance (Ireland) dac (“Ireland Insurance”), Everest International Reinsurance Ltd. (“Everest International”), Everest Insurance Company of Canada (“Everest Canada”), Lloyd’s Syndicate 2786 and Mt. Logan Re, which are affiliated companies primarily driven by enterprise risk and capital management considerations under which business is ceded at market rates and terms.

The table below represents affiliated quota share reinsurance agreements ("whole account quota share") for all new and renewal business for the indicated coverage period:

(Dollars in thousands)
						Single
		Percent		Assuming		Occurrence		Aggregate
Coverage Period	Ceding Company	Ceded		Company	Type of Business	Limit		Limit
01/01/2010-12/31/2010	Everest Re	44.0	%	Bermuda Re	property / casualty business	150,000		325,000
01/01/2011-12/31/2011	Everest Re	50.0	%	Bermuda Re	property / casualty business	150,000		300,000
01/01/2012-12/31/2014	Everest Re	50.0	%	Bermuda Re	property / casualty business	100,000		200,000
01/01/2015-12/31/2016	Everest Re	50.0	%	Bermuda Re	property / casualty business	162,500		325,000
01/01/2017-12/31/2017	Everest Re	60.0	%	Bermuda Re	property / casualty business	219,000		438,000
01/01/2010-12/31/2010	Everest Re- Canadian Branch	60.0	%	Bermuda Re	property business	350,000	(1)	-
01/01/2011-12/31/2011	Everest Re- Canadian Branch	60.0	%	Bermuda Re	property business	350,000	(1)	-
01/01/2012-12/31/2012	Everest Re- Canadian Branch	75.0	%	Bermuda Re	property / casualty business	206,250	(1)	412,500	(1)
01/01/2013-12/31/2013	Everest Re- Canadian Branch	75.0	%	Bermuda Re	property / casualty business	150,000	(1)	412,500	(1)
01/01/2014-12/31/2017	Everest Re- Canadian Branch	75.0	%	Bermuda Re	property / casualty business	262,500	(1)	412,500	(1)
01/01/2012-12/31/2017	Everest Canada	80.0	%	Everest Re- Canadian Branch	property business	-		-
01/01/2020	Everest International Assurance	100.0	%	Bermuda Re	life business	-		-
(1) Amounts shown are Canadian dollars.

Effective January 1, 2018, Everest Re entered into a twelve month whole account aggregate stop loss reinsurance contract (“stop loss agreement”) with Bermuda Re. The stop loss agreement provides coverage for ultimate net

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losses on applicable net earned premiums above a retention level, subject to certain other coverage limits and conditions. The stop loss agreement was most recently renewed effective January 1, 2021.

Everest Re entered into a property catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance contract with Bermuda Re, effective January 1, 2019. The contract provides $100.0 million of reinsurance coverage for property catastrophe losses above certain attachment points. This agreement expired on December 31, 2019 and was not renewed.

Everest Re entered into a catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance contract with Bermuda Re (UK Branch), effective January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021, subject to renewal thereafter. The contract provides Bermuda Re (UK Branch), with up to £100.0 million of reinsurance coverage for each catastrophe occurrence above £40.0 million. Bermuda Re (UK Branch) paid Everest Re £3.5 million for this coverage.

Everest Re entered into a catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance contract with Ireland Re, effective February 1, 2021 through January 31, 2022, subject to renewal thereafter. The contract provides Ireland Re with up to €145.0 million of reinsurance coverage for each catastrophe occurrence above €16.0 million. Ireland Re paid Everest Re €9.8 million for this coverage.

The table below represents loss portfolio transfer (“LPT”) reinsurance agreements whereby net insurance exposures and reserves were transferred to an affiliate.

(Dollars in thousands)
Effective	Transferring	Assuming		% of Business or		Covered Period
Date	Company	Company		Amount of Transfer		of Transfer
10/01/2001	Everest Re (Belgium Branch)	Bermuda Re		100	%	All years
10/01/2008	Everest Re	Bermuda Re	$	747,022		01/01/2002-12/31/2007
12/31/2017	Everest Re	Bermuda Re	$	970,000		All years

On December 31, 2017, the Company entered into a LPT agreement with Bermuda Re. The LPT agreement covers subject loss reserves of $2.3 billion for accident years 2017 and prior. As a result of the LPT agreement, the Company transferred $1.0 billion of cash and fixed maturity securities and transferred $970.0 million of loss reserves to Bermuda Re. As part of the LPT agreement, Bermuda Re will provide an additional $500.0 million of adverse development coverage on the subject loss reserves. As of December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, the Company has a reinsurance recoverable of $856.4 million and $886.4 million, respectively, recorded on its balance sheet due from Bermuda Re.

The following tables summarize the premiums and losses ceded by the Company to Bermuda Re and Everest International, respectively, and premiums and losses assumed by the Company from Everest Canada, Everest Ireland and Lloyd’s syndicate 2786 for the periods indicated:

Bermuda Re	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Ceded written premiums	$	303,235	$	133,137	$	100,347
Ceded earned premiums		299,711		132,016		101,681
Ceded losses and LAE		(58,992)		109,830		(51,454)
Assumed written premiums		4,820		-		-
Assumed earned premiums		3,799		249		248
Assumed losses and LAE		79		144		89

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Everest International & Canada	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Ceded written premiums	$	-	$	-	$	-
Ceded earned premiums		-		-		-
Ceded losses and LAE		(15)		(503)		324
Assumed written premiums		-		1		-
Assumed earned premiums		-		(7)		-
Assumed losses and LAE		10,723		(2,102)		3,024

Ireland Re	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Assumed written premiums	$	15,947	$	-	$	-
Assumed earned premiums		14,973		-		-
Assumed losses and LAE		64,074		-		-

Ireland Insurance	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Assumed written premiums	$	8,508	$	5,499	$	2,712
Assumed earned premiums		5,831		3,901		1,615
Assumed losses and LAE		3,052		2,256		810

Lloyd's Syndicate 2786	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Assumed written premiums	$	583	$	(3,592)	$	(11,470)
Assumed earned premiums		585		(3,375)		(18,650)
Assumed losses and LAE		872		(2,636)		8,355

In 2013, Group established Mt. Logan Re, which is a Class 3 insurer based in Bermuda. Mt. Logan Re then established separate segregated accounts for its business activity, which invest in a diversified set of catastrophe exposures.

The following table summarizes the premiums and losses that are ceded by the Company to Mt. Logan Re segregated accounts and assumed by the Company from Mt. Logan Re segregated accounts.

Mt. Logan Re Segregated Accounts	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Ceded written premiums	$	286,049	$	263,487	$	240,721
Ceded earned premiums		280,048		265,381		235,500
Ceded losses and LAE		194,167		175,087		171,900
Assumed written premiums		-		-		-
Assumed earned premiums		-		-		-
Assumed losses and LAE		-		-		-

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12. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The following tables present the components of comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the periods indicated:

	Year Ended						Year Ended						Year Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2021						December 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Before Tax		Tax Effect		Net of Tax		Before Tax		Tax Effect		Net of Tax		Before Tax		Tax Effect		Net of Tax
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) ("URA(D)") on securities - temporary	$	(253,601)		53,294	$	(200,307)	$	206,159		(43,078)	$	163,080	$	222,884		(46,971)	$	175,913
URA(D) on securities - OTTI		-		-		-		-		-		-		(546)		115		(431)
Reclassification of net realized losses (gains) included in net income (loss)		11,596		(2,582)		9,014		32,475		(7,007)		25,468		6,068		(988)		5,080
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(11,064)		2,330		(8,734)		18,277		(3,815)		14,461		21,708		(4,555)		17,153
Benefit plan actuarial net gain (loss)		7,912		(1,662)		6,251		(7,107)		1,492		(5,615)		(15,938)		3,347		(12,591)
Reclassification of amortization of net gain (loss) included in net income (loss)		21,807		(4,580)		17,227		7,974		(1,674)		6,300		6,902		(1,449)		5,453
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(223,350)	$	46,800	$	(176,549)	$	257,778	$	(54,082)	$	203,694	$	241,078	$	(50,501)	$	190,577
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding)

The following table presents details of the amounts reclassified from AOCI for the periods indicated:

					Affected line item within the
	Years Ended December 31,				statements of operations and
AOCI component	2021		2020		comprehensive income (loss)
(Dollars in thousands)
URA(D) on securities	$	11,596	$	32,475	Other net realized capital gains (losses)
		(2,582)		(7,007)	Income tax expense (benefit)
	$	9,014	$	25,468	Net income (loss)
Benefit plan net gain (loss)	$	21,807	$	7,974	Other underwriting expenses
		(4,580)		(1,674)	Income tax expense (benefit)
	$	17,227	$	6,300	Net income (loss)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding)

The following table presents the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, in the consolidated balance sheets for the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Beginning balance of URA (D) on securities	$	313,161	$	124,612
Current period change in URA (D) of investments - temporary		(191,293)		188,548
Ending balance of URA (D) on securities		121,869		313,161
Beginning balance of foreign currency translation adjustments		28,727		14,267
Current period change in foreign currency translation adjustments		(8,734)		14,461
Ending balance of foreign currency translation adjustments		19,992		28,727
Beginning balance of benefit plan net gain (loss)		(73,870)		(74,556)
Current period change in benefit plan net gain (loss)		23,478		685
Ending balance of benefit plan net gain (loss)		(50,392)		(73,870)
Ending balance of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$	91,469	$	268,018

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13. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Defined Benefit Pension Plans.

The Company maintains both qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans for its U.S. employees employed prior to April 1, 2010. Generally, the Company computes the benefits based on average earnings over a period prescribed by the plans and credited length of service. The Company’s non-qualified defined benefit pension plan provided compensating pension benefits for participants whose benefits have been curtailed under the qualified plan due to Internal Revenue Code limitations. Effective January 1, 2018, participants of the Company’s non-qualified defined benefit pension plan may no longer accrue additional service benefits.

Although not required to make contributions under IRS regulations, the following table summarizes the Company’s contributions to the defined benefit pension plans for the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Company contributions	$	3,821	$	6,825	$	4,750

The following table summarizes the Company’s pension expense for the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Pension expense	$	3,388	$	8,429	$	10,042

The following table summarizes the status of these defined benefit plans for U.S. employees for the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	404,471	$	355,356
Service cost		10,637		9,522
Interest cost		8,253		10,112
Actuarial (gain)/loss		(8,587)		43,595
Curtailment		-		-
Benefits paid		(12,147)		(14,115)
Projected benefit obligation at end of year		402,626		404,471
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		354,464		301,467
Actual return on plan assets		31,166		60,286
Actual contributions during the year		3,821		6,825
Benefits paid		(12,147)		(14,115)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year		377,303		354,464
Funded status at end of year	$	(25,323)	$	(50,007)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

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Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets for the periods indicated:

	At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Other assets (due beyond one year)	$	-	$	-
Other liabilities (due within one year)		(1,469)		(2,197)
Other liabilities (due beyond one year)		(23,854)		(47,810)
Net amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets	$	(25,323)	$	(50,007)

Amounts not yet reflected in net periodic benefit cost and included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods indicated:

	At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Accumulated income (loss)	$	(67,729)	$	(91,979)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(67,729)	$	(91,979)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

Other changes in other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods indicated are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, prior year	$	(91,979)	$	(97,466)
Net gain (loss) arising during period		15,298		(4,090)
Recognition of amortizations in net periodic benefit cost:
Actuarial loss		8,953		9,576
Curtailment loss recognized		-		-
Other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, current year	$	(67,729)	$	(91,979)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

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Net periodic benefit cost for U.S. employees included the following components for the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Service cost	$	10,637	$	9,522	$	8,255
Interest cost		8,253		10,112		11,712
Expected return on assets		(24,454)		(20,781)		(17,968)
Amortization of actuarial loss from earlier periods		8,489		8,551		7,635
Settlement		464		1,025		408
Net periodic benefit cost	$	3,388	$	8,429	$	10,042
Other changes recognized in other comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to change from prior year		(24,251)		(5,486)
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other
comprehensive income (loss)	$	(20,863)	$	2,943
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

The weighted average discount rates used to determine net periodic benefit cost for 2021, 2020 and 2019 were 2.55%, 3.28% and 4.27%, respectively. The rate of compensation increase used to determine the net periodic benefit cost for 2021, 2020 and 2019 was 4.00%. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets was 7.00% for 2021, 2020 and 2019 based on expected portfolio returns and allocations.

The weighted average discount rates used to determine the actuarial present value of the projected benefit obligation for years end 2021, 2020 and 2019 were 2.86%, 2.55% and 3.28%, respectively.

The following table summarizes the accumulated benefit obligation for the periods indicated:

	At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Qualified Plan	$	339,360	$	336,027
Non-qualified Plan		12,190		16,258
Total	$	351,550	$	352,285
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

The following table displays the plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets for the periods indicated:

	At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Qualified Plan
Projected benefit obligation	$	390,437	$	388,213
Fair value of plan assets		377,303		354,464
Non-qualified Plan
Projected benefit obligation	$	12,190	$	16,258
Fair value of plan assets		-		-

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The following table displays the plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets for the periods indicated:

	At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Qualified Plan
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	-	$	-
Fair value of plan assets		-		-
Non-qualified Plan
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	12,189	$	16,258
Fair value of plan assets		-		-

The following table displays the expected benefit payments in the periods indicated:

(Dollars in thousands)
2022	$	16,662
2023		12,639
2024		13,565
2025		14,550
2026		15,439
Next 5 years		95,005

Plan assets consist of shares in investment trusts with 76%, 22%, 1% and 1% of the underlying assets consisting of equity securities, fixed maturities, limited partnerships and cash, respectively. The Company manages the qualified plan investments for U.S. employees. The assets in the plan consist of debt and equity mutual funds. Due to the long term nature of the plan, the target asset allocation has historically been 70% equities and 30% bonds.

The following tables present the fair value measurement levels for the qualified plan assets at fair value for the periods indicated:

			Fair Value Measurement Using:
			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
			Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	December 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
Short-term investments, which approximates fair value (a)	$	2,540	$	2,540	$	-	$	-
Mutual funds, fair value
Fixed income (b)		84,663		84,663		-		-
Equities (c)		287,382		287,382		-		-
Total	$	374,585	$	374,585	$	-	$	-
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

  (a)This category includes high quality, short-term money market instruments, which are issued and payable in U.S. dollars.

(b)This category includes fixed income funds, which invest in investment grade securities of corporations, governments and government agencies with approximately 70% in U.S. securities and 30% in international securities.

(c)This category includes funds, which invest in small, mid and multi-cap equity securities including common stocks, securities convertible into common stock and securities with common stock characteristics, such as rights and warrants, with approximately 50% in U.S. equities and 50% in international equities.

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			Fair Value Measurement Using:
			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
			Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	December 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
(Dollars in thousands)	2020		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
Short-term investments, which approximates fair value (a)	$	1,204	$	1,204	$	-	$	-
Mutual funds, fair value
Fixed income (b)		93,609		93,609		-		-
Equities (c)		255,054		255,054		-		-
Total	$	349,867	$	349,867	$	-	$	-
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

(a)This category includes high quality, short-term money market instruments, which are issued and payable in U.S. dollars.

(b)This category includes fixed income funds, which invest in investment grade securities of corporations, governments and government agencies with approximately 70% in U.S. securities and 30% in international securities.

(c)This category includes funds, which invest in small, mid and multi-cap equity securities including common stocks, securities convertible into common stock and securities with common stock characteristics, such as rights and warrants, with approximately 50% in U.S. equities and 50% in international equities.

In addition, $2.6 million and $4.6 million of investments which were recorded as part of the qualified plan assets at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, are not included within the fair value hierarchy tables as the assets are valued using the NAV practical expedient guidance within ASU 2015-07.

No contributions were made to the qualified pension benefit plan for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Defined Contribution Plans.

The Company also maintains both qualified and non-qualified defined contribution plans (“Savings Plan” and “Non-Qualified Savings Plan”, respectively) covering U.S. employees. Under the plans, the Company contributes up to a maximum 3% of the participants’ compensation based on the contribution percentage of the employee. The Non-Qualified Savings Plan provides compensating savings plan benefits for participants whose benefits have been curtailed under the Savings Plan due to Internal Revenue Code limitations. In addition, effective for new hires (and rehires) on or after April 1, 2010, the Company will contribute between 3% and 8% of an employee’s earnings for each payroll period based on the employee’s age. These contributions will be 100% vested after three years. The Company incurred expenses related to these plans of $14.8 million, $14.4 million and $10.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. .

In addition, the Company maintains several defined contribution pension plans covering non-U.S. employees. Each international office maintains a separate plan for the non-U.S. employees working in that location. The Company contributes various amounts based on salary, age and/or years of service. In the current year, the contributions as a percentage of salary for the international offices ranged from 7.7% to 9.8%. The contributions are generally used to purchase pension benefits from local insurance providers. The Company incurred expenses related to these plans of $0.6 million, $0.8 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Post-Retirement Plan.

The Company sponsors a Retiree Health Plan for employees employed prior to April 1, 2010. This plan provides healthcare benefits for eligible retired employees (and their eligible dependents), who have elected

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coverage. The Company anticipates that most covered employees will become eligible for these benefits if they retire while working for the Company. The cost of these benefits is shared with the retiree. The Company accrues the post-retirement benefit expense during the period of the employee’s service. A medical cost trend rate of 6.50% in 2021 was assumed to decrease gradually to 4.75% in 2030 and then remain at that level. The Company incurred expenses of $1.2 million, $1.3 million and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The following table summarizes the status of this plan for the periods indicated:

	At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	35,098	$	29,376
Service cost		1,096		1,066
Interest cost		641		845
Amendments		-		-
Actuarial (gain)/loss		(6,044)		4,042
Benefits paid		(267)		(232)
Benefit obligation at end of year		30,523		35,098
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		-		-
Employer contributions		267		232
Benefits paid		(267)		(232)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year		-		-
Funded status at end of year	$	(30,523)	$	(35,098)

Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets for the periods indicated:

	At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Other liabilities (due within one year)	$	(682)	$	(613)
Other liabilities (due beyond one year)		(29,840)		(34,484)
Net amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets	$	(30,523)	$	(35,098)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

Amounts not yet reflected in net periodic benefit cost and included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods indicated:

	At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Accumulated income (loss)	$	2,191	$	(3,854)
Accumulated prior service credit (cost)		1,750		2,327
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$	3,941	$	(1,527)

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Other changes in other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods indicated are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, prior year	$	(1,527)	$	3,092
Net gain (loss) arising during period		6,044		(4,042)
Prior Service credit (cost) arising during period		-		-
Recognition of amortizations in net periodic benefit cost:
Actuarial loss (gain)		-		-
Prior service cost		(577)		(577)
Other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, current year	$	3,941	$	(1,527)

Net periodic benefit cost included the following components for the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Service cost	$	1,096	$	1,066	$	983
Interest cost		641		845		980
Prior service credit recognition		(577)		(577)		(577)
Net gain recognition		-		-		(155)
Net periodic cost	$	1,161	$	1,334	$	1,231
Other changes recognized in other comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive gain (loss) attributable to change from prior year		(5,468)		4,619
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and
other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(4,307)	$	5,953
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

The weighted average discount rates used to determine net periodic benefit cost for 2021, 2020 and 2019 were 2.55%, 3.28% and 4.27%, respectively.

The weighted average discount rates used to determine the actuarial present value of the projected benefit obligation at year end 2021, 2020 and 2019 were 2.86%, 2.55% and 3.28%, respectively.

The following table displays the expected benefit payments in the years indicated:

(Dollars in thousands)
2022	$	683
2023		779
2024		831
2025		974
2026		1,084
Next 5 years		7,252

14. DIVIDEND RESTRICTIONS AND STATUTORY FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Holdings and its operating subsidiaries are subject to various regulatory restrictions, including the amount of dividends that may be paid and the level of capital that the operating entities must maintain. These regulatory

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restrictions are based upon statutory capital as opposed to GAAP basis equity or net assets. Holdings’ primary operating subsidiary, Everest Re, is regulated by Delaware law and is subject to the Risk-Based Capital Model (“RBC”) developed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”). This model represents the aggregate regulatory restrictions on net assets and statutory capital and surplus.

Dividend Restrictions.

Delaware law provides that an insurance company which is a member of an insurance holding company system and is domiciled in the state shall not pay dividends without giving prior notice to the Insurance Commissioner of Delaware and may not pay dividends without the approval of the Insurance Commissioner if the value of the proposed dividend, together with all other dividends and distributions made in the preceding twelve months, exceeds the greater of (1) 10% of statutory surplus or (2) net income, not including realized capital gains, each as reported in the prior year’s statutory annual statement. In addition, no dividend may be paid in excess of unassigned earned surplus. At December 31, 2021, Everest Re has $571.7 million available for payment of dividends in 2022 without the need for prior regulatory approval.

Statutory Financial Information.

Everest Re prepares its statutory financial statements in accordance with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the NAIC and the Delaware Insurance Department. Prescribed statutory accounting practices are set forth in the NAIC Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual. The capital and statutory surplus of Everest Re was $5.7 billion and $5.3 billion at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The statutory net income of Everest Re was $263.7 million, $595.1 million and $363.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

There are certain regulatory and contractual restrictions on the ability of Holdings’ operating subsidiaries to transfer funds to Holdings in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances. The insurance laws of the State of Delaware, where Holdings’ direct insurance subsidiaries are domiciled, require regulatory approval before those subsidiaries can pay dividends or make loans or advances to Holdings that exceed certain statutory thresholds.

Capital Restrictions.

In the United States, Everest Re is subject to the RBC developed by the NAIC which determines an authorized control level risk-based capital. As long as the total adjusted capital is 200% or more of the authorized control level capital, no action is required by the Company.

The regulatory targeted capital and the actual statutory capital for Everest Re is as follows:

	Everest Re (1)
	At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Regulatory targeted capital	$	2,960,047	$	2,489,772
Actual capital	$	5,717,114	$	5,276,003

⁽¹⁾ Regulatory targeted capital represents 200% of the RBC authorized control level calculation for the applicable year.

15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in lawsuits, arbitrations and other formal and informal dispute resolution procedures, the outcomes of which will determine the Company’s rights and obligations under insurance and reinsurance agreements. In some disputes, the Company seeks to enforce its rights under an agreement or to collect funds owing to it. In other matters, the Company is resisting attempts by others to collect funds or enforce alleged rights. These disputes arise from time to time and are ultimately resolved through both informal and formal means, including negotiated resolution, arbitration and litigation. In all such matters, the

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Company believes that its positions are legally and commercially reasonable. The Company considers the statuses of these proceedings when determining its reserves for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses.

Aside from litigation and arbitrations related to these insurance and reinsurance agreements, the Company is not a party to any other material litigation or arbitration.

The Company has entered into separate annuity agreements with The Prudential Insurance Company of America (“The Prudential”) and an additional unaffiliated life insurance company in which the Company has either purchased annuity contracts or become the assignee of annuity proceeds that are meant to settle claim payment obligations in the future. In both instances, the Company would become contingently liable if either The Prudential or the unaffiliated life insurance company were unable to make payments related to the respective annuity contract.

The table below presents the estimated cost to replace all such annuities for which the Company was contingently liable for the periods indicated:

	At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
The Prudential	$	138,285	$	140,773
Unaffiliated life insurance company		34,847		35,128

16. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Group

Group entered into a $300.0 million long term note agreement with Everest Re as of December 17, 2019. The note will pay interest annually at a rate of 1.69% and is scheduled to mature in December, 2028. This transaction is presented as a Note Receivable – Affiliated in the Consolidated Balance Sheet of Holdings. The Company recognized interest income related to this long term note of $5.1 million and $5.2 million for years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Group entered into a $200.0 million long term note agreement with Everest Re as of August 5, 2021. The note will pay interest annually at a rate of 1.00% and is scheduled to mature in August, 2030. The Company recognized interest income related to this long term note of $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Group’s Board of Directors approved an amended share repurchase program authorizing Group and/or its subsidiary Holdings to purchase Group’s common shares through open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or both. The most recent amendment from the Board, approved on May 22, 2020, increased the cumulative number of shares that may be repurchased under the program to 32.0 million shares.

Holdings had purchased and held 9,719,971 Common Shares of Group, which were purchased in the open market between February 2007 and March 2011.

In December, 2015, Holdings transferred the 9,719,971 Common Shares of Group, which it held as other invested assets, at fair value, valued at $1.8 billion, to Preferred Holdings in exchange for 1,773.214 preferred shares of Preferred Holdings with a $1.0 million par value and 1.75% annual dividend rate. After the exchange, Holdings no longer holds any shares or has any ownership interest in Group.

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Holdings has reported the preferred shares in Preferred Holdings, as other invested assets, fair value, in the consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value re-measurement recorded in net realized capital gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The following table presents the dividends received on the preferred shares of Preferred Holdings and on the Parent shares that are reported as net investment income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the period indicated.

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Dividends received on preferred stock of affiliate	$	31,032	$	31,032	$	31,032

Affiliated Companies

Everest Global Services, Inc. (“Global Services”), an affiliate of Holdings, provides centralized management and home office services, through a management agreement, to Holdings and other affiliated companies within Holdings’ consolidated structure. Services provided by Everest Global include executive managerial services, legal services, actuarial services, accounting services, information technology services and others.

The following table presents the expenses incurred by Holdings from services provided by Everest Global for the periods indicated.

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Expenses incurred	$	133,353	$	124,486	$	107,851

17. SEGMENT REPORTING

The Reinsurance operation writes worldwide property and casualty reinsurance and specialty lines of business, on both a treaty and facultative basis, through reinsurance brokers, as well as directly with ceding companies. Business is written in the United States as well as through branches in Canada and Singapore. The Insurance operation writes property and casualty insurance directly and through brokers, surplus lines brokers and general agents within the United States.

These segments are managed independently, but conform with corporate guidelines with respect to pricing, risk management, control of aggregate catastrophe exposures, capital, investments and support operations. Management generally monitors and evaluates the financial performance of these operating segments based upon their underwriting results.

Underwriting results include earned premium less losses and LAE incurred, commission and brokerage expenses and other underwriting expenses. We measure our underwriting results using ratios, in particular loss, commission and brokerage and other underwriting expense ratios, which, respectively, divide incurred losses, commissions and brokerage and other underwriting expenses by premiums earned.

The Company does not maintain separate balance sheet data for its operating segments. Accordingly, the Company does not review and evaluate the financial results of its operating segments based upon balance sheet data.

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The following tables present the underwriting results for the operating segments for the periods indicated:

	Year Ended December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)	Reinsurance		Insurance		Total
Gross written premiums	$	6,028,206	$	3,302,821	$	9,331,027
Net written premiums		5,264,652		2,454,789		7,719,441
Premiums earned	$	4,948,706	$	2,229,885	$	7,178,592
Incurred losses and LAE		3,761,051		1,625,805		5,386,856
Commission and brokerage		1,250,145		262,357		1,512,502
Other underwriting expenses		143,106		310,958		454,064
Underwriting gain (loss)	$	(205,596)	$	30,765	$	(174,830)
Net investment income						744,954
Net realized capital gains (losses)						501,286
Corporate expenses						(33,334)
Interest, fee and bond issue cost amortization expense						(69,974)
Other income (expense)						23,383
Income (loss) before taxes					$	991,485

	Year Ended December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)	Reinsurance		Insurance		Total
Gross written premiums	$	5,265,698	$	2,691,340	$	7,957,038
Net written premiums		4,632,265		2,006,435		6,638,700
Premiums earned	$	4,484,693	$	1,921,883	$	6,406,576
Incurred losses and LAE		3,209,160		1,398,984		4,608,144
Commission and brokerage		1,119,966		253,389		1,373,355
Other underwriting expenses		119,320		281,713		401,033
Underwriting gain (loss)	$	36,247	$	(12,203)	$	24,044
Net investment income						375,906
Net realized capital gains (losses)						49,804
Corporate expenses						(15,985)
Interest, fee and bond issue cost amortization expense						(35,659)
Other income (expense)						(14,579)
Income (loss) before taxes					$	383,531

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	Year Ended December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Reinsurance		Insurance		Total
Gross written premiums	$	4,600,373	$	2,452,691	$	7,053,064
Net written premiums		3,923,799		1,851,150		5,774,949
Premiums earned	$	3,796,136	$	1,692,899	$	5,489,035
Incurred losses and LAE		2,692,680		1,136,442		3,829,122
Commission and brokerage		1,027,286		242,767		1,270,053
Other underwriting expenses		110,032		240,869		350,901
Underwriting gain (loss)	$	(33,862)	$	72,821	$	38,959
Net investment income						356,211
Net realized capital gains (losses)						419,367
Corporate expenses						(13,063)
Interest, fee and bond issue cost amortization expense						(34,931)
Other income (expense)						(1,589)
Income (loss) before taxes					$	764,955

The Company produces business in the U.S. and internationally. The net income deriving from assets residing in the individual foreign countries in which the Company writes business are not identifiable in the Company’s financial records. Based on gross written premium, the table below presents the largest country, other than the U.S., in which the Company writes business, for the periods indicated:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Canada gross written premiums	$	251,560	$	320,665	$	214,594

No other country represented more than 5% of the Company’s revenues.

Approximately 19.3%, 20.1% and 25.8% of the Company’s gross written premiums in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, were sourced through the Company’s largest intermediary.

18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company has evaluated known recognized and non-recognized subsequent events. The Company does not have any subsequent events to report.

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SCHEDULE I - SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS -
OTHER THAN INVESTMENTS IN RELATED PARTIES
DECEMBER 31, 2021
Column A		Column B		Column C		Column D
						Amount
						Shown in
				Market		Balance
(Dollars in thousands)		Cost		Value		Sheet
Fixed maturities-available for sale
Bonds:
U.S. government and government agencies	$	656,742	$	662,749	$	662,749
State, municipalities and political subdivisions		558,842		586,621		586,621
Foreign government securities		677,327		691,980		691,980
Foreign corporate securities		1,494,315		1,509,874		1,509,874
Public utilities		109,283		112,506		112,506
All other corporate bonds		6,976,219		7,018,541		7,018,541
Mortgage - backed securities
Commercial		586,441		602,894		602,894
Agency residential		1,255,186		1,260,678		1,260,678
Non-agency residential		4,398		4,408		4,408
Redeemable preferred stock		414,746		410,144		410,144
Total fixed maturities-available for sale		12,733,499		12,860,395		12,860,395
Equity securities at fair value(1)		1,290,861		1,757,792		1,757,792
Short-term investments		695,935		695,886		695,886
Other invested assets		1,674,639		1,674,639		1,674,639
Other invested assets, at fair value (1)		1,773,214		2,030,816		2,030,816
Cash		699,266		699,266		699,266
Total investments and cash	$	18,867,414	$	19,718,794	$	19,718,794
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
(1) Original cost does not reflect adjustments, which have been realized through the statements of operations and comprehensive income.

S-1

SCHEDULE II - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF THE REGISTRANT
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
	At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts and par value per share)	2021		2020
ASSETS:
Fixed maturities - available for sale	$	147,310	$	-
(amortized cost: 2021, $147,970; 2020, $0)
Equity securities - at fair value		678,539		311,009
Other invested assets		241,520		146,968
Other invested assets, at fair value		2,030,816		1,796,479
Short-term investments		5,401		9,985
Cash		284		10,482
Total investments and cash		3,103,870		2,274,923
Investment in subsidiaries, at equity in the underlying net assets		6,370,660		6,115,130
Note receivable - affiliated		470,000		-
Accrued investment income		4,759		87
Advances to affiliates		203		165
Other assets		(1,867)		(104)
TOTAL ASSETS	$	9,947,625	$	8,390,201
LIABILITIES:
Senior notes	$	2,345,800	$	1,376,718
Long term notes		223,774		223,674
Accrued interest on debt and borrowings		17,144		10,388
Income taxes		316,899		362,393
Due to affiliates		5,494		1,835
Other liabilities		467		880
Total liabilities	$	2,909,578	$	1,975,888
STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY:
Common stock, par value: $0.01; 3,000 shares authorized;
1,000 shares issued and outstanding (2021 and 2020)		-		-
Additional paid-in capital		1,101,527		1,101,092
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of deferred income
tax expense (benefit) of $24,279 at 2021 and $71,080 at 2020		91,469		268,018
Retained earnings		5,845,051		5,045,203
Total stockholder's equity		7,038,047		6,414,313
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY	$	9,947,625	$	8,390,201
See notes to consolidated financial statements.

S-2

SCHEDULE II - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF THE REGISTRANT
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
REVENUES:
Net investment income	$	70,339	$	26,021	$	34,970
Net investment income - Affiliated		2,970		320		412
Net realized capital gains (losses)		328,584		(73,338)		274,110
Other income (expense)		498		3,105		524
Net income (loss) of subsidiaries		551,370		393,552		370,084
Total revenues		953,762		349,659		680,100
EXPENSES:
Interest expense		68,728		35,508		34,931
Corporate expense		17,602		9,392		6,810
Total expenses		86,330		44,900		41,741
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE TAXES		867,432		304,760		638,359
Income tax expense (benefit)		67,583		(47,113)		8,632
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$	799,849	$	351,873	$	629,727
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax :
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) ("URA(D)") on securities arising during the period		(200,307)		163,080		175,482
Less: reclassification adjustment for realized losses (gains) included in net income (loss)		9,014		25,468		5,080
Total URA(D) on securities arising during the period		(191,293)		188,548		180,562
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(8,734)		14,461		17,153
Benefit plan actuarial net gain (loss) for the period		6,251		(5,615)		(12,591)
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net (gain) loss included in net income (loss)		17,227		6,300		5,453
Total benefit plan net gain (loss) for the period		23,478		685		(7,138)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(176,549)		203,694		190,577
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	$	623,300	$	555,567	$	820,304
See notes to consolidated financial statements.

S-3

SCHEDULE II - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF THE REGISTRANT
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$	799,849	$	351,873	$	629,727
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Equity in (earnings) deficit of subsidiaries		(551,370)		(393,552)		(370,084)
Dividends received from subsidiary		-		-		300,000
Increase (decrease) in income taxes		(45,355)		119,331		40,695
Change in equity adjustments in limited partnerships		(32,802)		8,491		2,468
Change in other assets and liabilities, net		39,852		20,179		(16,615)
Amortization of bond premium (accrual of bond discount)		301		63		13
Net realized capital losses (gains)		(328,584)		73,338		(274,110)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(118,109)		179,722		312,094
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Additional investment in subsidiaries		87,973		(949,464)		15,174
Proceeds from fixed maturities matured/called - available for sale, at market value		-		1,750		-
Proceeds from fixed maturities sold - available for sale, at market value		-		-		12,000
Proceeds from equity maturities sold - at fair value		242,996		61,883		18,905
Distributions from other invested assets		2,014,483		1,113,176		389,200
Cost of fixed maturities acquired - available for sale, at market value		(147,970)		-		-
Cost of equity securities acquired - at fair value		(516,279)		(184,542)		(32,597)
Cost of other invested assets acquired		(2,076,233)		(1,211,726)		(388,598)
Net change in short-term investments		4,584		10,529		(16,403)
Proceeds from repayment (cost of issuance) of note receivable (payable), affiliated		(470,000)		10,000		(10,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(860,446)		(1,148,394)		(12,319)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from issuance of senior notes		968,357		979,417		-
Cost of debt repurchase		-		(10,647)		-
Proceeds from issuance (cost of repayment) for note payable, affiliated		-		-		(300,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		968,357		968,770		(300,000)
Net increase (decrease) in cash		(10,198)		98		(225)
Cash, beginning of period		10,482		10,384		10,609
Cash, end of period	$	284	$	10,482	$	10,384
See notes to consolidated financial statements.

S-4

SCHEDULE II – CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF THE REGISTRANT

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

1)The accompanying condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes of Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc. and its Subsidiaries.

2)The Senior Notes and Long-Term Subordinated Notes presented in Notes 5 and 6 are direct obligations of the Registrant.

3)Effective October 21, 2021, Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc. entered into a $470.0 million long term promissory note with Everest Reinsurance Company, a subsidiary entity. The promissory note has an interest rate of 3.25% payable annually and is scheduled to mature on October 21, 2051.

4)Effective February 19, 2019, Everest Reinsurance Holdings, Inc. entered into a $10.0 million long term promissory note with Everest Indemnity Insurance Company, an affiliated entity. The note was scheduled to mature on February 19, 2049 but was repaid in September 2020.

5)In December, 2015, Holdings transferred the 9,719,971 Common Shares of Group, which it held as other invested assets, at fair value, valued at $1.8 billion, to Preferred Holdings, an affiliated entity and subsidiary of Group, in exchange for 1,773.214 preferred shares of Preferred Holdings with a $1.0 million par value and 1.75% annual dividend rate. After the exchange, Holdings no longer holds any shares or has any ownership interest in Group.

S-5

EVEREST REINSURANCE HOLDINGS, INC.
SCHEDULE III - SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION
Column A		Column B		Column C		Column D		Column E		Column F		Column G		Column H		Column I		Column J
				Reserve								Incurred
Segments				for Losses								Loss and		Amortization
		Deferred		and Loss		Unearned				Net		Loss		of Deferred		Other		Net
		Acquisition		Adjustment		Premium		Premiums		Investment		Adjustment		Acquisition		Operating		Written
(Dollars in thousands)		Costs		Expenses		Reserves		Earned		Income		Expenses		Costs		Expenses		Premium
As of and for the year ended December 31, 2021
Reinsurance	$	314,784	$	8,829,380	$	1,426,730	$	4,948,706	$	501,287	$	3,761,051	$	1,250,145	$	143,106	$	5,264,652
Insurance		157,147		4,291,797		1,566,148		2,229,885		243,667		1,625,805		262,357		310,958		2,454,789
Total	$	471,931	$	13,121,177	$	2,992,878	$	7,178,592	$	744,954	$	5,386,856	$	1,512,502	$	454,064	$	7,719,441
As of and for the year ended December 31, 2020
Reinsurance	$	169,346	$	7,896,076	$	1,127,815	$	4,484,693	$	254,671	$	3,209,160	$	1,119,966	$	119,320	$	4,632,265
Insurance		210,361		3,682,020		1,257,359		1,921,883		121,235		1,398,984		253,389		281,713		2,006,435
Total	$	379,707	$	11,578,096	$	2,385,174	$	6,406,576	$	375,906	$	4,608,144	$	1,373,355	$	401,033	$	6,638,700
As of and for the year ended December 31, 2019
Reinsurance	$	182,531	$	7,138,800	$	1,069,829	$	3,796,136	$	249,073	$	2,692,680	$	1,027,286	$	110,032	$	3,923,799
Insurance		205,707		2,990,662		1,129,103		1,692,899		107,138		1,136,442		242,767		240,869		1,851,150
Total	$	388,238	$	10,129,462	$	2,198,932	$	5,489,035	$	356,211	$	3,829,122	$	1,270,053	$	350,901	$	5,774,949
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

S-6

SCHEDULE IV - REINSURANCE
Column A		Column B		Column C		Column D		Column E		Column F
				Ceded to		Assumed
		Gross		Other		from Other		Net		Assumed
(Dollars in thousands)		Amount		Companies		Companies		Amount		to Net
December 31, 2021
Total property and liability
insurance premiums earned	$	2,981,927	$	1,544,024	$	5,740,688	$	7,178,592	$	80.0%
December 31, 2020
Total property and liability
insurance premiums earned	$	2,591,613	$	1,368,436	$	5,183,399	$	6,406,576	$	80.9%
December 31, 2019
Total property and liability
insurance premiums earned	$	2,255,387	$	1,193,359	$	4,427,006	$	5,489,034	$	80.7%

S-7