REVENUE RECOGNITION

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents the Company's revenues disaggregated by major good or service line, timing of revenue recognition and sales channel. The table also includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the reportable segments.



	Three Months Ended October 31, 2019						Three Months Ended October 31, 2018
	Supply Chain		Direct Marketing		Consolidated Total		Supply Chain		Direct Marketing		Consolidated Total
	(In thousands)						(In thousands)
Major Goods/Service Lines
Supply chain management services	$	91,705	$	—	$	91,705	$	86,626	$	—	$	86,626
Marketing solutions offerings	—		133,003		133,003		—		128,094		128,094
Other	445		—		445		413		—		413
	$	92,150	$	133,003	$	225,153	$	87,039	$	128,094	$	215,133
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Goods transferred over time	$	—	$	133,003	$	133,003	$	—	$	128,094	$	128,094
Services transferred over time	92,150		—		92,150		87,039		—		87,039
	$	92,150	$	133,003	$	225,153	$	87,039	$	128,094	$	215,133
Total Revenue
Revenue from contracts with customers	$	92,150	$	133,003	$	225,153	$	87,039	$	128,094	$	215,133
	$	92,150	$	133,003	$	225,153	$	87,039	$	128,094	$	215,133

Supply chain management services.

ModusLink's revenue primarily comes from the sale of supply chain management services to its clients. Amounts billed to customers under these arrangements include revenue attributable to the services performed as well as for materials procured on the customer's behalf as part of its service to them. The majority of these arrangements consist of two distinct performance obligations (i.e. warehousing/inventory management service and a separate kitting/packaging/assembly service), revenue related to each of which is recognized over time as services are performed using an input method based on the level of efforts expended.

Marketing solutions offerings.

IWCO's revenue is generated through the provision of data-driven marketing solutions, primarily through providing direct mail products to customers. Revenue related to the majority of IWCO's marketing solutions contracts, which typically consist of a single integrated performance obligation, is recognized over time as the Company performs because the products have no alternative use to the Company.

Other.

Other revenue consists of cloud-based software subscriptions, software maintenance and support service contracts, and fees for professional services. Revenue related to these arrangements is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement or over the term of the agreement in proportion to the costs incurred in satisfying the obligations under the contract.

Contract Balances

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from timing of invoicing to customers. The Company records contract assets and liabilities related to its contracts with customers as follows:


•	Accounts receivable when revenue is recognized prior to receipt of cash payments and if the right to such amounts is unconditional and solely based on the passage of time.

•

Contract asset when the Company recognizes revenue based on efforts expended but the right to such amount is conditional upon satisfaction of another performance obligation. Contract assets are primarily comprised of fees related to marketing solutions offerings and supply chain management services. The Company notes that its contract assets are all short-term in nature and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.

•

Deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of performance. Deferred revenue is primarily comprised of fees related to supply chain management services, cloud-based software subscriptions and software maintenance and support service contracts, which are generally billed in advance. Deferred revenue also includes other offerings for which we have been paid in advance and earn the revenue when we transfer control of the product or service. The deferred revenue balance is classified as a component of other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.

As of October 31, 2019 and July 31, 2019, the accounts receivable, trade, net, balance was $113.8 million and $112.1 million, respectively. As of October 31, 2019 and July 31, 2019, the contract asset balance was $23.8 million and $21.5 million, respectively, which was recorded as a component of prepaid expenses and other current assets. Contract assets are classified as accounts receivable, trade, upon billing to the customer where such amounts become unconditional. As of October 31, 2019, current and long-term deferred revenue was $3.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively. As of July 31, 2019, current and long-term deferred revenue was $2.9 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining Performance Obligations are comprised of deferred revenue. As of October 31, 2019, the aggregate amount of Remaining Performance Obligations was $3.4 million.

Changes in deferred revenue during the three months ended October 31, 2019, were as follows:



	Three Months Ended October 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,029
Deferral of revenue	1,216
Recognition of deferred amounts upon satisfaction of performance obligation	(855		)
Balance at end of period	$	3,390

We expect to recognize approximately $3.3 million of the deferred revenue over the next twelve months and the remaining $0.1 million beyond that time period.

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.