In 2020, the company initiated a strategic evaluation focusing on four key areas of our expense base: our organizational model, our real estate footprint, management of third-party spend and technology and operations efficiency.

Restructuring expenses related to the strategic evaluation were $44.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 (December 31, 2022: $41.0 million). Restructuring expenses are recorded to Transaction, integration and restructuring expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following table shows the roll-forward of the restructuring liability as of December 31, 2023 and total restructuring charges for the year ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The company recorded the liability to accrued compensation and benefits, accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.


	For the twelve month period ended December 31, 2023		For the twelve month period ended December 31, 2022
Beginning balance	$	7.1	$	34.8
Accrued charges	29.7		13.9
Payments	(36.8)		(41.6)
Ending balance	$	—	$	7.1
Cumulative non-cash charges (1)	89.1		74.5
Cumulative charges incurred	$	304.8	$	260.5

(1) Non-cash charges include stock-based compensation, accelerated depreciation of certain assets and location strategy costs (including the impairment charges referenced in Note 4, "Property, Equipment Software", and in Note 14, "Operating Leases").