ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Corporate Information

Invesco Ltd. (Parent) and all of its consolidated entities (collectively, the company or Invesco) provide retail and institutional clients with an array of global investment management capabilities. The company operates globally and its sole business is investment management.

Certain disclosures included in the company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (annual report or Form 10-K) are not required to be included on an interim basis in the company's quarterly reports on Forms 10-Q (Report). The company has condensed or omitted these disclosures. Therefore, this Report should be read in conjunction with the company's annual report.

Basis of Accounting and Consolidation

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial information and with rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and consolidate the financial statements of the Parent and all of its controlled subsidiaries. In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, which are necessary for the fair statement of the financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented. All significant intercompany transactions, balances, revenues and expenses are eliminated upon consolidation. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted

Revenue Recognition. On January 1, 2018 the company adopted Accounting Standard Update 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (ASU 2014-09), which revised revenue accounting rules through the creation of Accounting Standard Codification Topic 606 (ACS 606) and expanded the disclosure requirements. The company adopted ASU 2014-09 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method applied to contracts that were not complete as of that date. Under this method, entities are required to report any effect from adoption as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings at the adoption date. The adoption of the standard did not have an effect on opening retained earnings, net income or earnings per share measures. The impact of ASU 2014-09 on the timing of recognition of performance fee revenues may result in future performance fees being recognized earlier under ASU 2014-09, but this will depend on the terms and conditions in the relevant agreement.

The application of the new principal versus agent guidance in ASU 2014-09 resulted in presentation changes in the Consolidated Statements of Income whereby certain costs are now reported on a gross basis, when Invesco is acting as principal, and reported on a net basis, when Invesco is acting as an agent. In accordance with the ASU 2014-09 requirements, the disclosure of the impact of adoption on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income was as follows (in millions):



$ in millions	Three months ended March 31, 2018
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income	As Reported	Adjustments Related to Adoption of ASC 606		Balances Without Adoption of ASC 606
Operating revenues:
Investment management fees	1,043.7	53.8		1,097.5
Service and distribution fees	246.1	(32.4	)	213.7
Performance fees	9.1	—		9.1
Other	56.9	(41.0	)	15.9
Total operating revenues	1,355.8	(19.6	)	1,336.2

Operating expenses:
Third-party distribution, service and advisory	419.1	(23.8	)	395.3
Employee compensation	390.4	—		390.4
Marketing	28.1	—		28.1
Property, office and technology	102.2	—		102.2
General and administrative	94.9	4.2		99.1
Total operating expenses	1,034.7	(19.6	)	1,015.1
Operating income	321.1	—		321.1

Financial Instruments. On January 1, 2018, the company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-01, "Financial Instruments - Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" (ASU 2016-01). Under the new standard, all equity investments in unconsolidated entities (other than those accounted for using the equity method of accounting) will generally be measured at fair value with any changes recognized in earnings. ASU 2016-01 requires a modified retrospective approach to adoption. Accumulated gains of $3.2 million were reclassified into retained earnings at adoption date. With effect from the adoption of ASU 2016-01, seed money, investments held to settle the company's deferred compensation plan liabilities, and other equity securities are no longer categorized as trading investments or available-for-sale investments but instead are referred to as "equity investments," and all gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of these equity investments will be included in income. Prior period balances have been conformed to be presented as "equity investments," however the prior period treatment of gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of the investments was retained. As ASU 2016-01 required a modified retrospective approach to adoption, available-for-sale seed money balances of $69.3 million at December 31, 2017, are presented as "equity investments" to conform to the current period presentation of seed money; however, the related accounting basis in that period was available-for-sale.

Statement of Cash Flows. On January 1, 2018, the company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" (ASU 2016-15), which clarified how certain cash receipts and cash payments are classified and presented on the Statement of Cash Flows, including distributions from equity method investees. The amendments require a retrospective approach to adoption. As a result of adopting this standard, $6.2 million was reclassified from net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2017.

On January 1, 2018, the company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash” (ASU 2016-18). The standard requires the inclusion of restricted cash within cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and ending cash and cash equivalents balances on the statements of cashflows. ASU 2016-18 requires a retrospective approach to adoption. Accordingly, changes in CIP cash of $195.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 are no longer presented as a component of the company's cash provided by operations as they were reported in the Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2017. These changes in CIP cash are now form part of the reconciliation of corporate cash and CIP cash at the end of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the period ended March 31, 2017. The adoption of this standard does not impact corporate cash and cash equivalents.

Pension Costs. On January 1, 2018, the company adopted Accounting Standard Update 2017-07, “Compensation-Retirement Benefits: Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost” (ASU 2017-07). The amendments require that the service cost component of net periodic pension costs be recorded within employee compensation expense and the other components of net benefit cost be recorded in other gains and losses, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The company utilized a practical expedient that permits an employer to use the amounts disclosed in its pension plan footnote for the prior comparative periods as the estimation basis for applying the retrospective presentation. The application of the new rules results in the reclassification of the non-service cost components of the pension costs/(benefit) to other gains and losses, net, and has no impact to net income. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, the reclassification decreased operating income by $0.7 million with a corresponding increase to other gains and losses, net.

Other Income. On January 1, 2018, the company adopted Accounting Standard Update 2017-05, "Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets: Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets” (ASU 2017-05). The standard clarified the scope of accounting for gains and losses from the derecognition of nonfinancial assets and added guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Pending Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, “Leases” (ASU 2016-02). The standard requires that lessees recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with a lease term greater than 12 months. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2018 and requires a modified retrospective approach to adoption. The company plans to adopt ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019. The company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this standard which includes performing a review of a sample of lease arrangements. The company has established an international cross-functional team to assist in analyzing and assessing the impact of adopting the new lease accounting guidance.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is measured and recognized based on the five step process outlined in ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenue is determined based on the transaction price negotiated with the customer, net of discounts, value added tax and other sales-related taxes.

Investment management fees are derived from providing professional services to manage client accounts and sponsored investment vehicles. Investment management services are satisfied over time as the services are provided and are typically based upon a percentage of the value of the client’s assets under management. Investment management fees for certain arrangements include fees for distribution and administrative-related services. Any fees collected in advance are deferred and recognized as income over the period in which services are rendered.

Service fees are earned for services rendered relating to fund accounting, transfer agent, administrative and/or other maintenance activities performed for sponsored investment vehicles. All of these services are transferred over time. Service fees are generally based upon a percentage of the value of the assets under management.

The Company provides distribution services to certain sponsored investment vehicles. Fees are generally earned based upon a percentage of the value of the assets under management, as the fee amounts do not crystallize completely upon the sale of a share or unit. Accordingly, the distribution fee revenues are recognized over time as the amount of the fees becomes known. For example, U.S. distribution fees can include 12b-1 fees earned from certain mutual funds to cover allowable sales and marketing expenses for those funds and also include asset-based sales charges paid by certain mutual funds for a period of time after the sale of those funds. Generally, retail products offered outside of the U.S. do not generate a separate distribution fee; the quoted management fee rate is inclusive of these services. The Company also has certain arrangements whereby the distribution fees are paid upon the subscription or redemption of a share or unit.

Performance fee revenues associated with retail funds will fluctuate from period to period and may not correlate with general market changes, since most of the fees are driven by relative performance to the respective benchmark rather than by absolute performance. Performance fee revenues, including carried interests and performance fees related to partnership investments and separate accounts, are generated on certain management contracts when performance hurdles are achieved. Such fee revenues are recorded in operating revenues when the contractual performance criteria have been met and when it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur in future reporting periods. Cash receipt of performance fees generally occurs after the performance fee revenue is earned; however, the company may receive, from time-to-time, cash distributions of carried interest before any revenue is earned. Such distributions are reflected as deferred carried interest liabilities within accounts payable and accrued expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Given the uniqueness of each fee arrangement, performance fee contracts are evaluated on an individual basis to determine the timing of revenue recognition. Performance fees typically arise from investment management activities that were initially undertaken in prior reporting periods.

Other revenues include fees derived primarily from transaction commissions earned upon the sale of new investments into certain of our funds and fees earned upon the completion of transactions in our real estate and private equity asset groups. Real estate transaction fees are derived from commissions earned through the buying and selling of properties. Private equity transaction fees include commissions associated with the restructuring of, and fees from providing advice to, portfolio companies held by the funds. These transaction fees are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income on the date when Invesco’s services are complete which typically coincides with when the transactions are legally complete.

Principal versus Agent

The company utilizes third party service providers to fulfill certain performance obligations in its revenue agreements. Generally, the company is deemed to be the principal in these arrangements, because the company controls the investment management and other related services before they are transferred to customers. Such control is evidenced by the company’s primary responsibility to customers, the ability to negotiate the third party contract price and select and direct third party service providers, or a combination of these factors. Therefore, investment management and service and distribution fee revenues and the related third party distribution, service and advisory expenses are reported on a gross basis.

Third-party distribution, service and advisory expenses include periodic “renewal” commissions paid to brokers and independent financial advisors for the continuing oversight of their clients' assets over the time they are invested and are payments for the servicing of client accounts. Renewal commissions are calculated based upon a percentage of the AUM value and apply to much of the company's non-U.S. retail operations. As discussed above, the revenues from the company’s U.S. retail operations include 12b-1 distribution fees, which are largely passed through to brokers who sell the funds as third-party distribution expenses along with additional marketing support distribution costs. Both the revenues and the costs are dependent on the underlying AUM of the brokers' clients. Third-party distribution expenses also include the amortization of upfront commissions paid to broker-dealers for sales of fund shares with a contingent deferred sales charge (a charge levied to the investor for client redemption of AUM within a certain contracted period of time). The upfront distribution commissions are amortized over the redemption period. Also included in third-party distribution, service and advisory expenses are sub-transfer agency fees that are paid to third parties for processing client share purchases and redemptions, call center support and client reporting. These costs are reimbursed by the related funds.