The Company’s (re)insurance operations are subject to insurance laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which they operate, the most significant of which currently include Bermuda, Switzerland, the U.K. and the U.S. These regulations include certain restrictions on the amount of dividends or other distributions, such as loans or cash advances, available to shareholders without prior approval of the respective regulatory authorities.



	Bermuda (1)				Switzerland (2)				U.K. (3)				U.S. (4)
At December 31,	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Statutory capital and surplus	$	12,629,170	$	8,275,191	$	2,644,998	$	1,086,800	$	935,776	$	1,012,639	$	1,034,603	$	1,078,042
Required statutory capital and surplus	2,605,468		2,028,879		987,707		798,900		935,776		1,012,639		739,531		858,282

(1)Includes Renaissance Reinsurance, DaVinci Reinsurance, RenaissanceRe Specialty U.S., Vermeer, Fontana and Validus Re (which was acquired in on November 1, 2023). The Company's primary Bermuda-domiciled insurance subsidiaries’ capital and surplus is based on the relevant insurer’s statutory financial statements and required statutory capital and surplus is based on the minimum solvency margin.

(2)Includes RREAG and its branches in Australia, Bermuda, the U.K. and the U.S., and Validus Switzerland (which was acquired on November 1, 2023) and its Bermuda branch. The statutory capital and surplus and required statutory capital and surplus incorporate a full year of statutory net profit (for Validus Switzerland, two months of consolidated results) and risk capital, respectively.

(3)Includes Syndicate 1458. With respect to statutory capital and surplus and required statutory capital and surplus, and as described below, underwriting capacity of a member of Lloyd’s must be supported by providing a deposit in the form of cash, securities or letters of credit, which are referred to as Funds at Lloyd’s (“FAL”). FAL is determined by Lloyd’s and is based on Syndicate 1458’s solvency and capital requirements as calculated through its internal model. Syndicate 1458 is capitalized by its FAL, with the related assets not held on its balance sheet.



	Statutory Net Income (Loss)
	Bermuda (1)		Switzerland (2)		U.K. (3)		U.S. (4)
Year ended December 31, 2023	$	2,904,049	$	233,904	$	158,258	$	(17,268)
Year ended December 31, 2022	(700,666)		(237,003)		(24,573)		35,344
Year ended December 31, 2021	(89,267)		80,500		(46,352)		10,465

The difference between statutory financial statements and statements prepared in accordance with GAAP varies by jurisdiction; however, the primary difference is that for the Company’s regulated entities the statutory financial statements generally do not reflect goodwill and intangible assets. Also, in the U.S., fixed maturity investments are generally recorded at amortized cost and deferred income tax is charged directly to equity. In the U.S. and Bermuda, deferred acquisition costs are generally not reflected in the statutory financial statements. In Switzerland, currency translation adjustment losses are directly charged to net income or loss, while translation gains are not admissible and reflected as translation reserve on the statutory balance sheet. In addition, fixed maturity investments are carried at the lower of amortized cost and market value and recognition of equalization reserves is allowed. The prudence principle standard also allows for valuating certain assets below their nominal value. None of the Company’s insurance subsidiaries used permitted practices that prevented the trigger of a regulatory event during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

As a Bermuda-domiciled holding company, RenaissanceRe has limited operations of its own. Its assets consist primarily of investments in subsidiaries and cash and securities. As a result, the Company relies primarily on dividends and distributions (and other statutorily permissible payments) from its subsidiaries, investment income and fee income to meet its liquidity requirements, which primarily include making

The payment of dividends by the Company’s subsidiaries is, under certain circumstances, limited by the applicable laws and regulations in the various jurisdictions in which the subsidiaries operate, including Bermuda, the U.S., the U.K., Switzerland, Australia, Singapore and Ireland. In addition, insurance laws require our insurance subsidiaries to maintain certain measures of solvency and liquidity.

RenaissanceRe Specialty U.S. and Vermeer are registered as Class 3B general business insurers, Fontana Reinsurance Ltd. and Fontana Reinsurance U.S. Ltd. are registered as Class 3A general business insurers, and Renaissance Reinsurance, Validus Re, and DaVinci Reinsurance are registered as Class 4 general business insurers under the Insurance Act 1978, amendments thereto and related regulations of Bermuda (collectively, the “Insurance Act”). Class 3A, Class 3B and Class 4 insurers are required to maintain available statutory economic capital and surplus at a level at least equal to their enhanced capital requirement (“ECR”) and may be adjusted if the BMA concludes that the insurer’s risk profile deviates significantly from the assumptions underlying its ECR or the insurer’s assessment of its risk management policies and practices used to calculate the ECR. The BMA has established a target capital level which is set at 120% of the ECR. Unlike other (re)insurers, special purpose insurers and collateralized insurers are fully funded to meet their (re)insurance obligations. RREAG, Bermuda Branch, a Class 3B general business insurer, and Validus Switzerland, Bermuda Branch, a Class 4 general business insurer, have modified requirements, which are addressed under Switzerland, below.

Class 3, Class 3A, Class 3B and Class 4 insurers are prohibited from declaring or paying any dividends if in breach of the required minimum solvency margin or minimum liquidity ratio, or if the declaration or payment of such dividend would cause the insurer to fail to meet the required minimum solvency margin or minimum liquidity ratio. Further, certain categories of insurers are prohibited to declare or pay dividends over certain thresholds without the BMA’s approval. These restrictions on declaring or paying dividends and distributions under the Insurance Act are in addition to the solvency requirements under the Companies Act 1981 which apply to all Bermuda companies.

The minimum capital requirement for a Swiss reinsurance company under the Insurance Supervisory Act for reinsurance license class C1 is CHF 10 million. Being Swiss domiciled reinsurance companies, RREAG and Validus Switzerland must further maintain adequate solvency and provide for sufficient free and unencumbered capital in relation to their entire activities in accordance with the Swiss Solvency Test. The solvency requirement is met if the available risk-bearing capital exceeds the required target capital. It is then assessed whether the identified available capital can meet the SST requirements and is sufficient to cover the company’s obligations in less favorable scenarios. RREAG maintains branch operations in Australia, Bermuda, the U.K. and the U.S., and Validus Switzerland maintains a branch operation in Bermuda, each in accordance with applicable local regulations, which may include statutory capital requirements.

RREAG and Validus Switzerland may only distribute dividends out of its retained earnings or distributable reserves based on the audited annual accounts of the company. Any distribution of dividends remains subject to the approval of FINMA (as a change of the regulatory business plan) if they have a bearing on the solvency of the reinsurer and/or the interests of the insured. The solvency and capital requirements must still be met following any distribution. At December 31, 2023, we believe RREAG and Validus Switzerland each exceeded the minimum solvency and capital requirements required to be maintained under Swiss law.

The underwriting capacity of a member of Lloyd’s must be supported by providing a deposit, referred to as “Funds at Lloyd’s” or “FAL,” in the form of cash, securities or letters of credit in an amount determined under the capital adequacy regime of the PRA. The amount of such deposit is calculated for each member through the completion of a quarterly capital adequacy exercise. Under these requirements, Lloyd’s must demonstrate that each member has sufficient assets to meet its underwriting liabilities plus a required solvency margin. The amount of FAL for Syndicate 1458 is determined by Lloyd’s and is based on Syndicate 1458’s solvency and capital requirement as calculated through its internal model.

Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. is required to meet certain minimum statutory capital and surplus requirements under Maryland law. Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. is also subject to risk-based capital (“RBC”) requirements under Maryland law, and must file an annual report of its RBC levels. If the report shows Renaissance Reinsurance U.S.’s statutory capital and surplus or total adjusted capital is below certain levels, Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. may be required to take certain corrective action or the Maryland Insurance Administration (“MIA”) may be permitted or required to take certain regulatory action.

Maryland law places limitations on the amounts of dividends or distributions payable by Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. At December 31, 2023, Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. had an ordinary dividend capacity of $103.5 million which can be paid in 2024. Payment of ordinary dividends by Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. requires notice to the MIA. Declaration of an extraordinary dividend, which must be paid out of earned surplus, generally requires thirty days’ prior notice to and approval or non-disapproval of the MIA. An extraordinary dividend includes any dividend whose fair market value together with that of other dividends or distributions made within the preceding twelve months exceeds the lesser of (1) ten percent of the insurer’s surplus as regards policyholders as of December 31 of the preceding year or (2) the insurer’s net investment income, excluding realized capital gains (as determined under statutory accounting principles), for the twelve month period ending December 31 of the preceding year and pro rata distributions of any class of the insurer’s own securities, plus any amounts of net investment income (subject to the foregoing exclusions), in the three calendar years prior to the preceding year which have not been distributed.

Each of RenaissanceRe Reinsurance, DaVinci Reinsurance, Validus Re, and Validus Switzerland was approved as a Trusteed Reinsurer and established a multi-beneficiary reinsurance trust (“MBRT”) to collateralize its (re)insurance liabilities. The MBRTs are subject to rules and regulations including but not limited to certain minimum capital funding requirements, investment guidelines, capital distribution restrictions and regulatory reporting requirements.



At December 31.	2023				2022
	Assets held under trust		Minimum amount required		Assets held under trust		Minimum amount required
Renaissance Reinsurance	$	584,708	$	381,497	$	633,737	$	511,421
DaVinci Reinsurance	174,352		114,203		255,628		200,075
Validus Re	625,100		529,149		756,926		624,273
Validus Switzerland	1,342,339		1,298,712		1,064,755		1,055,377

Each of Renaissance Reinsurance, RREAG and DaVinci Reinsurance has been approved as a “certified reinsurer” eligible for collateral reduction in certain states, and are authorized to provide reduced collateral equal to 20%, 20% and 50%, respectively, of their net outstanding insurance liabilities to insurers domiciled in each of those states. Each of Renaissance Reinsurance, RREAG and DaVinci Reinsurance has established a multi-beneficiary reduced collateral reinsurance trust to collateralize its (re)insurance liabilities associated with cedants domiciled in those states. Because these reduced collateral reinsurance trusts were established in New York, they are subject to the rules and regulations of the state of New York including but not limited to certain minimum capital funding requirements, investment guidelines, capital distribution restrictions and regulatory reporting requirements.



At December 31.	2023				2022
	Assets held under trust		Minimum amount required		Assets held under trust		Minimum amount required
Renaissance Reinsurance	$	193,922	$	129,380	$	172,741	$	146,120
DaVinci Reinsurance	215,560		125,184		211,036		174,743
RREAG	103,632		$	75,380	106,538		98,312