NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

Nature of Operations

 Sinclair Broadcast Group, Inc. (the Company) is a diversified television media company with national reach and a strong focus on providing high-quality content on our local television stations, regional sports networks, and digital platforms. The content, distributed through our broadcast platform and third-party platforms, consists of programming provided by third-party networks and syndicators, local news, college and professional sports, and other original programming produced by us. Additionally, we own digital media products that are complementary to our extensive portfolio of television station related digital properties. Outside of our media related businesses, we operate technical services companies focused on supply and maintenance of broadcast transmission systems as well as research and development for the advancement of broadcast technology, and we manage other non-media related investments.

As of December 31, 2020, we had two reportable segments for accounting purposes, broadcast and local sports. The broadcast segment consists primarily of our 188 broadcast television stations in 88 markets, which we own, provide programming and operating services pursuant to agreements commonly referred to as local marketing agreements (LMAs), or provide sales services and other non-programming operating services pursuant to other outsourcing agreements (such as JSAs and SSAs). These stations broadcast 628 channels as of December 31, 2020. For the purpose of this report, these 188 stations and 628 channels are referred to as “our” stations and channels. The local sports segment consists primarily of our regional sports network brands, Marquee, and a minority equity interest in the YES Network. The RSNs and YES Network own the exclusive rights to air, among other sporting events, the games of professional sports teams.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries, including the operating results of the Acquired RSNs acquired on August 23, 2019, as discussed in Note 2. Acquisitions and Dispositions of Assets, and VIEs for which we are the primary beneficiary. Noncontrolling interests represent a minority owner’s proportionate share of the equity in certain of our consolidated entities. Noncontrolling interests which may be redeemed by the holder, and the redemption is outside of our control, are presented as redeemable noncontrolling interests. All intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

We consolidate VIEs when we are the primary beneficiary. We are the primary beneficiary of a VIE when we have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive returns that would be significant to the VIE. See Note 14. Variable Interest Entities for more information on our VIEs.

Investments in entities over which we have significant influence but not control are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Income from equity method investments represents our proportionate share of net income or loss generated by equity method investees.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses in the consolidated financial statements and in the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The impact of the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) continues to create significant uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. It is reasonably possible that these uncertainties could further materially impact our estimates related to, but not limited to, revenue recognition, goodwill and intangible assets, program contract costs, sports programming rights, and income taxes. As a result, many of our estimates and assumptions require increased judgment and carry a higher degree of variability and volatility. Our estimates may change as new events occur and additional information emerges, and such changes are recognized or disclosed in our consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued new guidance related to accounting for leases, Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 842. We adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach and the optional transition method. Under this adoption method, comparative prior periods were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historical accounting policy. We elected to apply the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which, among other things, allowed us to carryforward our historical assessments of whether contracts are, or contain, leases and lease classification. The primary impact of adopting this standard was the recognition of $215 million of operating lease liabilities and $196 million of operating lease assets. The adoption did not have a material impact on how we account for finance leases. See Note 8. Leases for more information regarding our leasing arrangements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the accounting for credit losses on financial instruments. Among other provisions, this guidance introduces a new impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a forward-looking “expected loss” model that will replace the current “incurred loss” model that will generally result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. We adopted this guidance during the first quarter of 2020. The impact of the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued guidance which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software, with the capitalized implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract expensed over the term of the hosting arrangement. We adopted this guidance during the first quarter of 2020. The impact of the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In October 2018, the FASB issued guidance for determining whether a decision-making fee is a variable interest. The amendments require organizations to consider indirect interests held through related parties under common control on a proportional basis rather than as the equivalent of a direct interest in its entirety, as currently required in generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). We adopted this guidance during the first quarter of 2020. The impact of the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2019, the FASB issued guidance which requires that an entity test a film or license agreement within the scope of Subtopic 920-350 for impairment at the film group level, when the film or license agreement is predominantly monetized with other films and/or license agreements. We adopted this guidance during the first quarter of 2020. The impact of the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued guidance which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. ASU 2019-12 will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. We early adopted this guidance during the third quarter of 2020. The impact of the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued guidance providing optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by the discontinuation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or by another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The guidance was effective for all entities immediately upon issuance of the update and may be applied prospectively to applicable transactions existing as of or entered into from the date of adoption through December 31, 2022. We are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance, if elected, but do not expect a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable

We regularly review accounts receivable and determine an appropriate estimate for the allowance for doubtful accounts based upon the impact of economic conditions on the merchant’s ability to pay, past collection experience, and such other factors which, in management’s judgment, deserve current recognition. In turn, a provision is charged against earnings in order to maintain the appropriate allowance level.

A rollforward of the allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 is as follows (in millions):

	2020		2019		2018
Balance at beginning of period	$	8	$	2	$	3
Charged to expense	2		9		5
Net write-offs	(5)		(3)		(6)
Balance at end of period	$	5	$	8	$	2

As of December 31, 2020, three customers accounted for 19%, 17%, and 15%, respectively, of our accounts receivable, net. As of December 31, 2019, three customers accounted for 24%, 15%, and 11%, respectively, of our accounts receivable, net. For purposes of this disclosure, a single customer may include multiple entities under common control.

Broadcast Television Programming

We have agreements with programming syndicators for the rights to television programming over contract periods, which generally run from one to seven years.  Contract payments are made in installments over terms that are generally equal to or shorter than the contract period.  Pursuant to accounting guidance for the broadcasting industry, an asset and a liability for the rights acquired and obligations incurred under a license agreement are reported on the balance sheet when the cost of each program is known or reasonably determinable, the program material has been accepted by the licensee in accordance with the conditions of the license agreement, and the program is available for its first showing or telecast. The portion of program contracts which becomes payable within one year is reflected as a current liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The rights to this programming are reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at the lower of unamortized cost or fair value. Program contract costs are amortized on a straight-line basis except for contracts greater than three years which are amortized utilizing an accelerated method. Program contract costs estimated by management to be amortized in the succeeding year are classified as current assets. Payments of program contract liabilities are typically made on a scheduled basis and are not affected by amortization or fair value adjustments.

Fair value is determined utilizing a discounted cash flow model based on management’s expectation of future advertising revenues, net of sales commissions, to be generated by the program material. We assess our program contract costs on a quarterly basis to ensure the costs are recorded at the lower of unamortized cost or fair value.

Sports Programming Rights

We have multi-year program rights agreements that provide the Company with the right to produce and telecast professional live sports games within a specified territory in exchange for a rights fee. A prepaid asset is recorded for rights acquired related to future games upon payment of the contracted fee. The assets recorded for the acquired rights are classified as current or non-current based on the period when the games are expected to be aired. Liabilities are recorded for any program rights obligations that have been incurred but not yet paid at period end. We amortize these programming rights as an expense over each season based upon contractually stated rates. Amortization is accelerated in the event that the stated contractual rates over the term of the rights agreement results in an expense recognition pattern that is inconsistent with the projected growth of revenue over the contractual term.

On March 12, 2020, the NBA, NHL, and MLB suspended or delayed the start of their seasons as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. On that date, the Company suspended the recognition of amortization expense associated with prepaid program rights agreements with teams within these leagues. Amortization expense resumed for the NBA, NHL, and MLB over the modified seasons when the games commenced during the third quarter of 2020. The NBA and NHL also delayed the start of their 2020-2021 seasons until December 22, 2020 and January 13, 2021, respectively; sports rights expense associated with these seasons will be recognized over the modified term of these seasons.

Certain rights agreements with professional teams contain provisions which require the rebate of rights fees paid by the Company if a contractually minimum number of live games are not delivered. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of games played in the 2019-2020 NBA and NHL seasons and the 2020 MLB season were less than the contractual minimum number of games to be delivered. The resulting reduction in sports rights expense was recognized over the term of the modified seasons. Rights fees paid in advance of expense recognition, inclusive of any contractual rebates due to the Company, are included within prepaid sports rights in our consolidated balance sheets.

Impairment of Goodwill, Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets, and Other Long-lived Assets

We evaluate our goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently, if events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist. Our goodwill has been allocated to, and is tested for impairment at, the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment or a component of an operating segment to the extent that the component constitutes a business for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by management. Components of an operating segment with similar characteristics are aggregated when testing goodwill for impairment.

In the performance of our annual assessment of goodwill for impairment, we have the option to qualitatively assess whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit has been impaired.  As part of this qualitative assessment, we weigh the relative impact of factors that are specific to the reporting units as well as industry, regulatory, and macroeconomic factors that could affect the significant inputs used to determine the fair value of the assets. We also consider the significance of the excess fair value over carrying value in prior quantitative assessments.

If we conclude that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit is impaired, or if we elect not to perform the optional qualitative assessment, we will determine the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the net book value of the reporting unit. If the fair value is less than the net book value, we will record an impairment to goodwill for the amount of the difference. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units utilizing the income approach involving the performance of a discounted cash flow analysis. Our discounted cash flow model is based on our judgment of future market conditions based on our internal forecast of future performance, as well as discount rates that are based on a number of factors including market interest rates, a weighted average cost of capital analysis, and includes adjustments for market risk and company specific risk.

Our indefinite-lived intangible assets consist primarily of our broadcast licenses and a trade name. For our annual impairment test for indefinite-lived intangible assets, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that these assets are impaired. As part of this qualitative assessment we weigh the relative impact of factors that are specific to the indefinite-lived intangible assets as well as industry, regulatory, and macroeconomic factors that could affect the significant inputs used to determine the fair value of the assets. We also consider the significance of the excess fair value over carrying value in prior quantitative assessments. When evaluating our broadcast licenses for impairment, the qualitative assessment is done at the market level because the broadcast licenses within the market are complementary and together enhance the single broadcast license of each station. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that one of our broadcast licenses is impaired, we will perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the aggregate fair value of the broadcast licenses in the market to the respective carrying values. We estimate the fair values of our broadcast licenses using the Greenfield method, which is an income approach. This method involves a discounted cash flow model that incorporates several variables, including, but not limited to, market revenues and long-term growth projections, estimated market share for the typical participant without a network affiliation, and estimated profit margins based on market size and station type. The model also assumes outlays for capital expenditures, future terminal values, an effective tax rate assumption and a discount rate based on a number of factors including market interest rates, a weighted average cost of capital analysis based on the target capital structure for a television station, and includes adjustments for market risk and company specific risk. If the carrying amount of the broadcast licenses exceeds the fair value, then an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the carrying value of the broadcast licenses exceeds the fair value.

We evaluate our long-lived assets for impairment as events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. We evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets by comparing the carrying amount of the assets within an asset group to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with the asset group. An asset group represents the lowest level of cash flows generated by a group of assets that are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets. At the time that such evaluations indicate that the future undiscounted cash flows are not sufficient to recover the carrying value of the asset group, an impairment loss is determined by comparing the estimated fair value of the asset group to the carrying value.  We estimate fair value using an income approach involving the performance of a discounted cash flow analysis. 

Our RSNs included in the local sports segment have been negatively impacted by the recent loss of three Distributors. In addition, our existing Distributors are experiencing elevated levels of subscriber erosion which we believe is influenced, in part, by shifting consumer behaviors resulting from media fragmentation, the current economic environment, the COVID 19 pandemic and related uncertainties. Most of these factors are also expected to have a negative impact on future projected revenues and margins of our RSNs. As a result of these factors, we performed an impairment test of the RSN reporting units' goodwill and long-lived asset groups during the third quarter of 2020 which resulted in a non-cash impairment charge on goodwill of $2,615 million, customer relationships of $1,218 million and other definite-lived intangible assets of $431 million, included within impairment of goodwill and definite-lived intangible assets in our consolidated statements of operations. See Note 5. Goodwill, Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets, and Other Intangible Assets for more information.

When factors indicate that there may be a decrease in value of an equity method investment, we assess whether a loss in value has occurred.  If that loss is deemed to be other than temporary, an impairment loss is recorded accordingly.  For any equity method investments that indicate a potential impairment, we estimate the fair values of those investments using a combination of a market-based approach, which considers earnings and cash flow multiples of comparable businesses and recent market transactions, as well as an income approach involving the performance of a discounted cash flow analysis. See Note 6. Other Assets for more information.

We recorded an impairment charge of $60 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 to adjust one of our consolidated real estate development projects to fair value less costs to sell based upon a pending sale transaction. This impairment is reflected in gain on asset dispositions and other, net of impairment within our statements of operations. The fair value of the real estate investment was determined based on both observable and unobservable inputs, including the expected sales price as supported by a discounted cash flow model.

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in millions):

	2020		2019
Compensation and employee benefits	$	131	$	136
Interest	127		154
Programming related obligations	183		191
Legal, litigation, and regulatory	2		186
Accounts payable and other operating expenses	90		115
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	533	$	782

We expense these activities when incurred.

Income Taxes

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. We provide a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets if we determine that it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In evaluating our ability to realize net deferred tax assets, we consider all available evidence, both positive and negative, including our past operating results, tax planning strategies, current and cumulative losses, and forecasts of future taxable income. In considering these sources of taxable income, we must make certain judgments that are based on the plans and estimates used to manage our underlying businesses on a long-term basis. As of December 31, 2020, a valuation allowance has been provided for deferred tax assets related to certain temporary basis differences, interest expense carryforwards under the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 163(j) and a substantial amount of our available state net operating loss carryforwards based on past operating results, expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary basis differences, alternative tax strategies and projected future taxable income. As of December 31, 2019, a valuation allowance was provided for deferred tax assets related to a substantial amount of our available state net operating loss carryforwards based on past operating results, including the RSN impairment, expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary basis differences, alternative tax strategies and projected future taxable income. Future changes in operating and/or taxable income or other changes in facts and circumstances could significantly impact the ability to realize our deferred tax assets which could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Management periodically performs a comprehensive review of our tax positions, and we record a liability for unrecognized tax benefits if such tax positions are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based on their technical merits,

including the resolution of any appeals or litigation processes. Significant judgment is required in determining whether positions taken are more likely than not to be sustained, and it is based on a variety of facts and circumstances, including interpretation of the relevant federal and state income tax codes, regulations, case law and other authoritative pronouncements. Based on this analysis, the status of ongoing audits and the expiration of applicable statute of limitations, liabilities are adjusted as necessary. The resolution of audits is unpredictable and could result in tax liabilities that are significantly higher or lower than for what we have provided. See Note 12. Income Taxes, for further discussion of accrued unrecognized tax benefits.

Supplemental Information — Statements of Cash Flows

During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, we had the following cash transactions (in millions):

	2020		2019		2018
Income taxes paid	$	11	$	32	$	17
Income tax refunds	$	2	$	2	$	—
Interest paid	$	634	$	283	$	285

Non-cash investing activities included property and equipment purchases of $6 million, $10 million, and $11 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, and the transfer of an asset for property of $7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020 the Company entered into a commercial agreement with Bally's and received equity interests in the business with a value of $199 million. See Note 6. Other Assets and Note 18. Fair Value Measurements for further discussion. Non-cash transactions related to sports rights were $22 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Revenue Recognition

The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by type and segment for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 (in millions):

For the year ended December 31, 2020	Broadcast		Local sports		Other		Eliminations		Total
Distribution revenue	$	1,414	$	2,472	$	199	$	—	$	4,085
Advertising revenue	1,364		196		131		(2)		1,689
Other media, non-media, and intercompany revenue	144		18		121		(114)		169
Total revenues	$	2,922	$	2,686	$	451	$	(116)	$	5,943
For the year ended December 31, 2019	Broadcast		Local sports		Other		Eliminations		Total
Distribution revenue	$	1,341	$	1,029	$	130	$	—	$	2,500
Advertising revenue	1,268		103		110		(1)		1,480
Other media, non-media, and intercompany revenue	81		7		230		(58)		260
Total revenues	$	2,690	$	1,139	$	470	$	(59)	$	4,240
For the year ended December 31, 2018	Broadcast		Local sports		Other		Eliminations		Total
Distribution revenue	$	1,186	$	—	$	113	$	—	$	1,299
Advertising revenue	1,484		—		75		—		1,559
Other media, non-media, and intercompany revenue	45		—		162		(10)		197
Total revenues	$	2,715	$	—	$	350	$	(10)	$	3,055

Distribution Revenue. We generate distribution revenue through fees received from Distributors for the right to distribute our stations, RSNs, and other properties. Distribution arrangements are generally governed by multi-year contracts and the underlying fees are based upon a contractual monthly rate per subscriber. These arrangements represent licenses of intellectual property; revenue is recognized as the signal or network programming is provided to our customers (as usage occurs) which corresponds with the satisfaction of our performance obligation. Revenue is calculated based upon the contractual rate multiplied by an estimated number of subscribers. Our customers will remit payments based upon actual subscribers a short time after the conclusion of a month, which generally does not exceed 120 days. Historical adjustments to subscriber estimates have not been material.

Certain of our distribution arrangements contain provisions that require the Company to deliver a minimum number of live professional sports games or tournaments during a defined period which usually corresponds with a calendar year. If the minimum threshold is not met, we may be obligated to refund a portion of the distribution fees received if shortfalls are not cured within a specified period of time. Our ability to meet these requirements is primarily driven by the delivery of games by the professional sports leagues. The Company has not historically paid any material rebates under these contractual provisions as it is unusual for there to be an event which is significant enough to preclude the Company from meeting or exceeding these thresholds. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant disruptions to the normal operations of the professional sports leagues resulting in delays and uncertainty with respect to regularly scheduled games. Decisions made by the leagues during the second quarter of 2020 regarding the timing and format of the revised 2020 seasons and decisions made by the NHL and NBA during the fourth quarter of 2020 regarding the timing and format of their revised 2020-2021 seasons have resulted, in some cases, in our inability to meet these minimum requirements and the need to reduce revenue based upon estimated rebates due to our distribution customers. These estimated rebates were recognized over the measurement period of the rebate which is the year ended December 31, 2020. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we reduced revenue by, and accrued corresponding rebates to Distributors of $420 million, which is expected to be paid over 2021 and 2022. See Subsequent Events within Note 1. Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Advertising Revenue. We generate advertising revenue primarily from the sale of advertising spots/impressions within our broadcast television, RSN, and digital platforms. Advertising revenue is recognized in the period in which the advertising spots/impressions are delivered. In arrangements where we provide audience ratings guarantees, to the extent that there is a ratings shortfall, we will defer a proportionate amount of revenue until the ratings shortfall is settled through the delivery of additional advertising. The term of our advertising arrangements is generally less than one year and the timing between when an advertisement is aired and when payment is due is not significant. In certain circumstances, we require customers to pay in advance; payments received in advance of satisfying our performance obligations are reflected as deferred revenue.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions. We expense sales commissions when incurred because the period of benefit for these costs is one year or less. These costs are recorded within media selling, general and administrative expenses. In accordance with ASC 606, we do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) distribution arrangements which are accounted for as a sales/usage based royalty.

Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations. Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, we allocate revenues to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price, which is generally based on the prices charged to customers.

Deferred Revenues. We record deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance, including amounts which are refundable. We classify deferred revenue as either current in other current liabilities or long-term in other long-term liabilities within our consolidated balance sheets based on the timing of when we expect to satisfy our performance obligations. Deferred revenue was $233 million, $54 million, and $83 million as of December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, of which $184 million as of December 31, 2020 was reflected in other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. Deferred revenue recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $49 million and $76 million, respectively.

On November 18th, 2020, we entered into a commercial agreement with Bally’s Corporation where we will provide certain branding integrations in our RSNs, broadcast networks and other properties. These branding integrations include naming rights associated with the majority of our RSNs. The initial term of this arrangement is 10 years and we expect to begin performing under this arrangement in 2021. The Company received non-cash consideration initially valued at $199 million which is reflected as a contract liability and will be recognized as revenue as the performance obligations under the arrangement are satisfied. No revenue was recognized under this arrangement during the year ended December 31, 2020. See Note 6. Other Assets for more information.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, three customers accounted for 18%, 17%, and 12%, respectively, of our total revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2019 three customers accounted for 16%, 13%, and 10%, respectively, of our total revenues. For purposes of this disclosure, a single customer may include multiple entities under common control.

Advertising Expenses

Promotional advertising expenses are recorded in the period when incurred and are included in media production and other non-media expenses. Total advertising expenses, net of advertising co-op credits, were $23 million, $25 million, and $19 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

Financial Instruments

Financial instruments, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, consisted of cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and notes payable. The carrying amounts approximate fair value for each of these financial instruments, except for the notes payable. See Note 18. Fair Value Measurements for additional information regarding the fair value of notes payable.

Post-retirement Benefits

We maintain a supplemental executive retirement plan (SERP) which we inherited upon the acquisition of certain stations. As of December 31, 2020, the estimated projected benefit obligation was $21 million, of which $2 million is included in accrued expenses and $19 million is included in other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.  At December 31, 2020, the projected benefit obligation was measured using a 2.10% discount rate compared to a discount rate of 3.04% for the year ended December 31, 2019. For each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we made $2 million in benefit payments and recognized $2 million of actuarial losses through other comprehensive income. For each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we recognized $1 million of periodic pension expense, reported in other income, net in our consolidated statements of operations.

We also maintain other post-retirement plans provided to certain employees. The plans are voluntary programs that primarily allow participants to defer eligible compensation and they may also qualify to receive a discretionary match on their deferral. As of December 31, 2020, the assets and liabilities included in our consolidated balance sheets related to deferred compensation plans were $42 million and $36 million, respectively.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior years’ consolidated financial statements to conform to the current year’s presentation.

Subsequent EventsThe Company is closely monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of its business, including how it has already impacted, and will impact, its advertisers, Distributors, and agreements with professional sports leagues. While the NBA, NHL, and MLB were able to complete modified season schedules during 2020, there can be no assurance that the MLB, NBA, or NHL will complete full or abbreviated seasons in the future. The NBA and NHL delayed the start of their 2020-2021 seasons until December 22, 2020 and January 13, 2021, respectively, however both under reduced game counts. The MLB has announced that they expect their 2021 season to begin on time in April 2021 and contain a full game schedule. The NBA and NHL have not announced their 2021-2022 season schedules yet. Any reduction in the number of games played by the leagues may have an adverse impact on our operations and cash flows. The Company is currently unable to predict the full extent that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on its financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows in future periods due to numerous uncertainties.