-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, DdMPjQxkux/pZOWU4hLvdORUXWNzdd5v1gl0j9v8fJVW+f2Bs8FW49lhgo8kOuiT D/edMAqogD42AOIE47jQxQ== 0001072613-05-002621.txt : 20051222 0001072613-05-002621.hdr.sgml : 20051222 20051114173615 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001072613-05-002621 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 9 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20050831 FILED AS OF DATE: 20051114 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20051221 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000912603 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: WHOLESALE-MISC DURABLE GOODS [5090] IRS NUMBER: 930341923 STATE OF INCORPORATION: OR FISCAL YEAR END: 0831 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-22496 FILM NUMBER: 051203173 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 3200 NW YEON AVE STREET 2: P O BOX 10047 CITY: PORTLAND STATE: OR ZIP: 97210-0047 BUSINESS PHONE: 5032249900 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: P O BOX 10047 CITY: PORTLAND STATE: OR ZIP: 97210 10-K 1 form10-k_13962.htm FORM 10-K FOR THE YEAR ENDED AUGUST 31, 2005 WWW.EXFILE.COM, INC. -- 13962 -- SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC. -- FORM 10-Q



UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

x    ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2005

o    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
 
For the transition period from _____________ to _____________

Commission File Number 0-22496
 
SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

OREGON
93-0341923
(State of Incorporation)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
   
3200 N.W. Yeon Ave., P.O. Box 10047
 
Portland, OR
97296-0047
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)

Registrants telephone number, including area code: (503) 224-9900

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Class A Common Stock, $1 par value
(Title of class)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes x No o
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in the definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No x

The aggregate market value of the registrants voting common stock outstanding held by non-affiliates on February 28, 2005 was $904,886,622.

The Registrant had 22,491,943 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value of $1.00 per share, and 7,985,366 shares of Class B Common Stock, par value of $1.00 per share, outstanding at November 1, 2005.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2006 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated herein by reference in Part III.



SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART
ITEM
 
PAGE 
       
I
1.
BUSINESS
3
   
Overview 
3
   
Business Strategy 
5
   
Metals Recycling Business 
8
   
Auto Parts Business 
12
   
Steel Manufacturing Business 
14
   
Environmental Matters 
16
   
Employees 
20
   
Available Information 
20
 
2.
PROPERTIES
21
 
3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
23
 
4.
SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE
 
   
OF SECURITY HOLDERS 
23
 
4(a).
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
24
       
II
5.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY,
 
   
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER 
 
   
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES 
26
 
6.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
27
 
7.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
 
   
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 
28
 
7A
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES
 
   
ABOUT MARKET RISK 
47
 
8.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
47
 
9.
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
 
   
ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE 
82
 
9A
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
82
 
9B
OTHER INFORMATION
82
       
III
10.
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE
 
 
 
REGISTRANT 
83
 
11.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
83
 
12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL
 
   
OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED  
 
   
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 
83
 
13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
83
 
14.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
83
       
IV
15.
EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
84

2

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
PART I

ITEM 1.    BUSINESS

Overview

General. Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. (the Company) operates in three vertically integrated business segments that include the Metals Recycling Business, the Auto Parts Business and the Steel Manufacturing Business. The Metals Recycling Business collects, processes and recycles metals by operating one of the largest metals recycling businesses in the United States. The Auto Parts Business operates as Pick-N-Pull and the Company believes it is one of the country’s leading self-service used auto parts networks. Additionally, Pick-N-Pull is a supplier of autobodies to the Metals Recycling Business, which processes the autobodies into sellable recycled metal. The Steel Manufacturing Business purchases recycled metals from the Metals Recycling Business and uses its mini-mill to process the recycled metals into finished steel products. As a result of the Company’s vertically integrated business, it is able to transform autobodies and other unprocessed metals into finished steel products.

Recent Acquisitions. On September 30, 2005, the Company and Hugo Neu Corporation (HNC) and certain of their subsidiaries closed a transaction to separate and terminate their metals recycling joint venture relationships. The following steps were taken relating to the dissolution of these relationships:

·  
The Company acquired the 50% interests in Prolerized New England Company (“PNE”) and certain other joint ventures based in Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine that were owned by HNC, with the result that these joint ventures became wholly-owned by the Company, and the Company gained control of Metals Recycling, LLC (“MRL”), a joint venture based in Rhode Island of which 60% of the membership interests are owned by PNE;
·  
HNC acquired the Company’s 50% interests in the joint ventures based in New Jersey, New York and California, with the result that these joint ventures became wholly-owned subsidiaries of HNC;
·  
Hugo Neu Schnitzer Global Trade LLC (Global Trade), a joint venture engaged primarily in scrap metal trading, redeemed the Company’s 50% membership interest in Global Trade in exchange for the assets and liabilities of Global Trade’s trading business that purchases ferrous metals in Russia and certain Baltic countries and Global Trade retained the trading business operating outside of Russia and the Baltic countries;
·  
The Company acquired HNC’s metals recycling business in Hawaii;
·  
The Company received $52.3 million in cash consideration, subject to post-closing adjustments;
·  
The Company received from HNC a non-compete agreement that bars HNC from buying scrap metal in certain areas in Russia and the Baltic region for a five-year period ending on June 8, 2010;
·  
The Company and HNC and certain of their affiliates entered into a number of related agreements governing, among other things, employee transitional issues, benefit plans, scrap sales and other transitional services; and
·  
The Company and HNC and certain of their affiliates executed and delivered mutual global releases.

On September 30, 2005, the Company acquired Greenleaf Auto Recyclers, LLC (“Greenleaf”), five store properties previously leased by Greenleaf and certain Greenleaf debt obligations. Greenleaf is engaged in the business of auto dismantling and recycling and sells its products primarily to collision and mechanical repair shops. This business is referred to as full-service auto dismantling. Greenleaf currently operates in 22 locations throughout the United States. The total consideration for this transaction was $44 million, subject to post-closing adjustments. The Company also expects to record estimated environmental liabilities as a result of due diligence performed in connection with this acquisition.
 
3

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
On October 31, 2005, the Company purchased substantially all of the assets of Regional Recycling LLC (“Regional”) for $65.5 million in cash and the assumption of certain liabilities. Regional operates 10 metals recycling facilities located in the states of Georgia (Atlanta (3), Gainesville, Cartersville, Rossville and Bainbridge) and Alabama (Birmingham, Attalla and Selma), which process ferrous and nonferrous scrap metals without the use of shredders. Regional is situated in a growing market for recycled metals in the southeastern United States, which is home to a large number of steel mills, industrial manufacturing companies, and increasingly a destination for auto manufacturers as well as a growing number of auto-parts suppliers. Regional sells its ferrous metal to domestic steel mills in its area. Its nonferrous metal is sold in both domestic and foreign markets. During calendar year 2004, Regional’s most recent fiscal year, this company sold over 500,000 tons of ferrous metal and nearly 100 million pounds of nonferrous metal. The Company expects to record estimated environmental liabilities related to Regional based on due diligence performed in connection with this acquisition.

Metals Recycling Business. Both the HNC and Regional transactions discussed above closed after the Company’s most recent fiscal year end, and, accordingly, the Company’s historical financial information included in this Form 10-K reflects the Company’s ownership in its metals recycling operations (“Historical Metals Recycling Business”) and in the HNC joint ventures as each existed prior to completion of those transactions. Certain supplementary information for the business acquired in the HNC transaction (“Acquired Metals Recycling Business”) and for Regional has also been provided.

The Company’s Metals Recycling Business has major collection and processing facilities in the following locations:

      Historical
 
      Acquired
   
Metals Recycling Business
 
Metals Recycling Business
 
Regional
         
Fresno, CA
 
Kapolei, HI
 
Attala, AL
Oakland, CA
 
Everett, MA
 
Birmingham, AL
Sacramento, CA
 
Madbury, NH
 
Atlanta, GA
Eugene, OR
 
Johnston, RI
 
Cartersville, GA
Portland, OR
 
 
   
Tacoma, WA
       
         

In fiscal 2005, the Company’s Historical Metals Recycling Business’ eleven yards, including the major facilities for that business shown above, sold 1.9 million ferrous tons, of which 0.1 million tons were brokered. Approximately 63% of this recycled ferrous metal volume was sold to Asian steel producers. The geographic locations of the Company’s facilities at major deep-water ports in the United States are strategic for the Metals Recycling Business in that they facilitate bulk shipments to Asia and other foreign markets.  Additionally, because the Company generally has processing operations at the same sites as its dock facilities, it achieves significant cost advantages by reducing the need to handle and move material multiple times. Additionally, the Company often avoids paying third parties to load cargoes at either private or public dock facilities.

The Acquired Metals Recycling Business’ eight yards, including the major scrap processing facilities shown above, sold 1.2 million tons of ferrous metals in fiscal 2005 of which approximately 35% was sold to Asian steel producers.

The Company owns the marine terminal at the Everett location. The Providence, Rhode Island location, which is a collection and marine shipping facility near the Johnston processing facility, has been under lease from a third party. The Company and the third party have verbally agreed to terms for a long-term lease of this facility. Finalization of the lease is expected in the short-term. See “Factors That Could Affect Future Results” in Part II, Item 7.

Schnitzer Global Exchange Corp. (“Schnitzer Global Exchange”) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company formed to acquire the Russia and Baltic trading business received in the HNC transaction discussed above. Schnitzer Global Exchange purchases processed ferrous metal from metals processors that operate in Russia and the Baltic
 
4

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
countries and sells the metals to steel mills, typically within a short period of time. Because this is primarily a trading business, and not a processing business, the profit margins tend to be narrower than for the Company’s traditional metals processing business. Geographically, Russia and the Baltic countries are attractive markets and have ample supplies of unprocessed metals due to the Cold War-era infrastructures, many of which are closed or obsolete. However, their transportation infrastructure makes it more economically challenging to access the metals. The Company’s management believes that the acquisition of this business complements the Company’s processing business. It allows the Company to further meet its customers’ needs and expands the Company’s global market share of the ferrous recycled metals business. In fiscal 2005, the business acquired by Schnitzer Global Exchange sold approximately 1.2 million tons of ferrous metals.

Auto Parts Business. The Auto Parts Business purchases salvaged vehicles, sells used parts from those vehicles through its retail stores and wholesale operations, and sells the remaining portion of the vehicles to metal recyclers. Until September 30, 2005, the Auto Parts Business consisted of a network of 30 retail locations in the United States and Canada operating as self-service used auto parts stores. These stores are self-service in that customers themselves remove used auto parts from vehicles in inventory. With the Company’s purchase of Greenleaf on September 30, 2005, the Company has added a full-service component to its Auto Parts Business. Full-service stores generally maintain newer cars in inventory. Professional staff members dismantle, test and inventory individual parts, which are then delivered to business or wholesale customers, typically collision and mechanical repair shops, via Company delivery trucks. Management currently anticipates that several of the Greenleaf stores will be converted to self-service locations, others will combine both full-service and self-service, and some will remain as full-service enterprises. The Company’s historical self-service business model has created a competitive position in its markets due to its proprietary technology, which is used to centrally manage and operate the geographically diverse network, the consistent approach of offering customers a large selection of cars from which to obtain parts and its efficient processing of autobodies. Additionally, this business has a philosophy which incorporates business practices that significantly improve its customers’ shopping experiences at its stores. The Company’s management intends to apply relevant portions of this model to the Greenleaf business and to expand the model to incorporate the full-service aspect of Greenleaf. Additionally, the Company’s management believes its model can be efficiently replicated in other geographic locations.

Steel Manufacturing Business. The Company’s Steel Manufacturing Business consists of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Cascade Steel Rolling Mills, Inc. The Steel Manufacturing Business produces steel reinforcing bar (rebar), wire rod, merchant bar, coiled rebar and other specialty products. The Company believes that the Steel Manufacturing Business has a competitive position in its market due to its readily available source of recycled metals, efficient production processes, well-located shipping and transportation facilities, access to competitively priced electric power and proximity to California and other major western markets.
 
Business Strategy

The Company’s business strategy emphasizes continued growth of the Company’s core business, recycled metals, as well as the auto parts business, through value creating acquisitions and the development and construction of new Pick-N-Pull stores. Additionally, the business strategy incorporates maintenance of the Company’s status as an efficient and competitive producer of both recycled metal and finished steel products, as well as a low-cost provider of retail and wholesale used auto parts, through investments in technology, modern manufacturing equipment and increased production efficiencies.

The Company considers itself, first and foremost, a metals recycling company with historically over 60% of its operating income, before corporate expenses, intercompany eliminations and environmental matters and impairment charges, derived from the Metals Recycling Business and its historical joint ventures in the metals recycling business. Management believes that the Metals Recycling Business is one of the leading processors in each of the regional markets in which it operates. The combined operations of the Historical Metals Recycling Business, the Acquired Metals Recycling Business and Regional make the Company one of the largest United States metals recyclers and one of
 
5

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
the largest exporters of scrap metals. The Company intends to continue its focus on increasing its position as one of the premier recycled metals processors in the country.

The Company’s Metals Recycling Business enters into export sales contracts for ferrous recycled metals by generally selling forward 60 to 90 days and purchases metals on a daily basis. By knowing the price for which the processed material will be sold and the costs involved in processing the metals, the Company is generally able to take advantage of this differential in timing between purchases and sales and negotiate prices with suppliers that secure profitable transactions.


Growth Strategy.

The Company has developed a multi-part growth strategy, which includes the following elements:
·  
Expand Metals Recycling Operations. The Company will continue to seek expansion opportunities within both its existing markets and elsewhere by working to increase its sources of metals and through selective acquisitions and investment in processing technology. The Company will consider transactions with exporters as well as with strong domestic franchises, such as Regional.
·  
Expand Auto Parts Business. In fiscal 2003, the Company acquired its partners’ interest in the former Pick-N-Pull joint venture and formed the Auto Parts Business segment. The Auto Parts Business provides the Company with strong vertical integration in Northern California. The Company believes Pick-N-Pull is one of the country’s leading self-service used auto parts networks. Over the last 15 years it has developed a strong management team and internal systems that are believed to provide it with the ability to efficiently replicate the business model in other locations. In fiscal 2004, the Auto Parts Business acquired the assets and leased the sites for three self-service used auto parts stores in Canada. In January 2005, the Auto Parts Business acquired the assets and leased the sites for four self-service used auto parts stores in Missouri, Ohio and Virginia. In September 2005, the Company acquired Greenleaf, a full-service used auto parts business. The Company’s involvement with the used auto parts business has historically been in the self-service sector through its association with Pick-N-Pull. Several of the Greenleaf stores will be converted to self-service locations as management considers this to be more appropriate for those markets. A number of Greenleaf’s locations will remain as full-service enterprises, particularly those in the Southwest, Southeast and New England, due to their strength in those markets. Although the Greenleaf acquisition has allowed the Company to expand its Auto Parts Business into the full-service sector, a synergistic, natural extension of its self-service business, the Company remains focused on the self-service component of this industry. Management continues to evaluate strategic relationships in markets that it believes would provide an economic benefit to the Auto Parts Business.
·  
Complete Value Creating Acquisitions. The Company intends to complete acquisitions it believes will create shareholder value and over the long-term will earn after tax income in excess of its cost of capital. With a strong balance sheet, cash flows and available borrowing capacity, the Company believes it is in an attractive position to complete reasonably priced acquisitions fitting the Company’s long-term strategic plans.

Invest in Modern Processing and Manufacturing. The Company’s objective is to be an efficient and competitive producer of both recycled metals and finished steel products in order to maximize the operating margin for both operations. To meet this objective, the Company has focused on and will continue to emphasize the cost-effective purchasing and efficient processing of metals. The Company has made significant investments in modern equipment to ensure that its operations have cost effective technology to produce high quality products and to maximize economies of scale. The Company will continue to invest in equipment to improve the efficiency and capabilities of its businesses. During the last five years, the Company spent $77.8 million on capital improvements in the Historical Metals Recycling Business and Steel Manufacturing Business. In fiscal 2005, the Company began to significantly increase its capital expenditures and expects these expenditures in fiscal 2006 to be approximately $80.0 million. These expenditures will be incurred in order to modernize its Metals Recycling Business facilities, including those of its recently acquired businesses, as well as to modernize stores in its Auto Parts Business and perform selected efficiency improvements in its Steel Manufacturing Business. Additionally, the Company will commit capital in
 
6

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
fiscal 2006 to convert certain Greenleaf stores from full-service to self-service and to modernize Greenleaf’s equipment and facilities.

The Metals Recycling Business continually reviews the state of processing equipment and evaluates whether the current equipment is capable of efficiently processing the required quantities and grades. Some of the Company’s significant planned additions during fiscal 2006 include:
·  
Completing the installation of a state-of-the-art mega-shredder in the Oakland, California facility by mid-2006, in order to reduce operating costs and improve product quality as well as allow the shredding of materials that were not previously shredded. Management has also approved the installation of a mega-shredder in the Portland, Oregon facility, which is expected to be completed in the second half of calendar year 2006. Another mega-shredder is scheduled to be installed in the recently acquired Everett, Massachusetts facility and is also expected to be completed in the second half of calendar year 2006;
·  
Investing in efficient and technologically advanced, automated sorting systems to recover increased volumes of nonferrous metal from the shredding process. In 2006, the Company will initiate an induction sorting system (ISS) to improve the recoverability of high value stainless steel. The ISS will be installed in the Oakland, Tacoma and Johnston facilities in 2006 and in the other shredder facilities thereafter;
·  
Continuing the reconfiguration and modernization of the Portland, Oregon facility. In addition to the mega-shredder and nonferrous sorting system mentioned above, the Company is continuing work to improve the ship loading facilities by reconstructing the dock and installing a modernized crane. Completion of this work is expected in the spring of 2006.

The Steel Manufacturing Business operates an electric arc furnace and two rolling mills. Management continually reviews operations to identify areas where efficiencies can be obtained with an appropriate cost benefit. Some of the Company’s significant additions during fiscal 2005 included:
·  
Replacing the electric arc furnace in the melt shop to reduce energy consumption, reduce conversion costs, improve production capacity and increase the product quality. Since installation, the new electric arc furnace is performing well and exceeding productivity expectations;
·  
Repairing the hotbed on rolling mill #1 to improve product quality.

For fiscal 2006, the Company plans to begin incurring capital expenditures in order to expand the capacity and, thus, the production of the billet reheat furnace on its second rolling mill. The new furnace installed in the melt shop in fiscal 2005 has increased production of billets, and the second rolling mill has additional capacity to produce finished products. If the billet reheat furnace is expanded to provide more input to the rolling mill, it provides an opportunity for the mill to increase its finished steel production. The first phase of this project is expected to be completed in fiscal 2006.

Use of Information Technology. In April 2005, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a technology investment plan to upgrade the Company’s software and hardware in order to address the needs brought about by its recent and expected growth. The plan also provides for developing common software and hardware platforms for all of the Company’s businesses and for creating a centralized data center. Additionally, the plan included the hiring of a chief information officer, which has been accomplished, and expansion of the Company’s technology team, which is in progress.

One of Pick-N-Pull’s primary business strategies is to utilize information systems technology to collect data regarding production, processing costs and customer sales and to utilize this data to centrally manage its geographically diverse and expanding store base. To this end, the technology investment plan confirms Pick-N-Pull’s continued investment in its core information systems to leverage its competitive advantage. The technology investment plan also supports the evolution of Pick-N-Pull’s car purchasing system. Additionally, in accordance with the plan, Pick-N-Pull is currently analyzing the purchase or development of a point-of-sale system to ultimately be utilized at all of its retail locations.

7

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
Capture Benefits of Integration. The Company has sought to capture the potential benefits of business integration whenever appropriate. Beginning with the source of raw materials, the Auto Parts Business has the capability to supply the Metals Recycling Business with a portion of its autobodies for use in its metals recycling process. The Metals Recycling Business then has the capability to provide the Steel Manufacturing Business with a predictable, high quality supply of recycled metals in an optimal mix of grades for efficient melting. Likewise, the Steel Manufacturing Business ensures a steady regional market for a portion of the Metals Recycling Business’ production.

Metals Recycling Business

The Company is one of the largest metals processors and exporters in the United States, with eleven metals collection and processing facilities in its Historical Metals Recycling Business. Additionally, the Acquired Metals Recycling Business operates eight facilities and Regional operates ten facilities. The Company purchases, processes and sells ferrous metals to foreign and domestic steel producers, including the Steel Manufacturing Business. The Metals Recycling Business also engages in the trading business by purchasing processed metal from other recycled metals processors for shipment to either the Steel Manufacturing Business or third party customers without further processing. With the acquisition of Schnitzer Global Exchange in September 2005, the Company expanded its trading business to include purchasing of processed metals from Russia and the Baltic countries. The Company also buys, processes and sells nonferrous metals to both the domestic and export markets.

Due to the large capital investment required for metals recycling equipment and the scarcity of potential yard sites that are properly zoned and have access to waterways, highways and railroads, the recycled metals industry is characterized by a relatively small number of large dominant metals processors, such as the Company’s Metals Recycling Business and many smaller regional metals processors. The large processors collect raw metals from a variety of sources, including smaller metal recyclers and dealers, and then sort, clean and cut it into sizes and grades suitable for use by steel manufacturers.

The Company’s Portland, Oregon; Oakland, California; Tacoma, Washington; Everett, Massachusetts and Providence, Rhode Island metals recycling facilities are located at deep water terminals and also have rail and highway access. As a result, the Company believes it is strategically located, both for collection of unprocessed metals from suppliers and for efficient distribution of processed recycled metals to United States and foreign steel producers.

Customers and Marketing. The following table sets forth information about the amount of ferrous recycled metals sold by the Company’s Historical Metals Recycling Business to certain groups of customers during the last five fiscal years:

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
2002  
 
2001 
 
   
Sales
 
Vol.1
 
Sales
 
Vol.1
 
Sales
 
Vol.1
 
Sales
 
Vol.1
 
Sales
 
Vol.1
 
   
(dollar amounts in millions)
 
Ferrous Recycled Metals
                                         
 
Asian Steel Producers
                                         
and Representatives
 
$
336.3
   
1,175
 
$
270.0
 
1,170
 
$
178.7
 
1,157
 
$
126.8
   
1,068
 
$
91.8
 
777
 
 
Steel Manufacturing Business:
 
                                                             
Processed
   
108.6
   
478
   
76.3
   
402
   
34.8
   
303
   
29.7
   
313
   
42.6
   
471
 
Traded 2
   
28.5
   
147
   
35.8
   
216
   
26.0
   
232
   
7.9
   
94
   
7.1
   
95
 
     
137.1
   
625
   
112.1
   
618
   
60.8
   
535
   
37.6
   
407
   
49.7
   
566
 
 
Other US Steel Producers
   
14.8
   
65
   
10.8
   
57
   
15.8
   
120
   
9.1
   
82
   
14.1
   
139
 
Total ferrous recycled metals
 
$
488.2
 
1,865
 
$
392.9
 
1,845
 
$
255.3
 
1,812
 
$
173.5
 
1,557
 
$
155.6
 
1,482
 

1 In thousands of long tons (2,240 pounds).
2 Consists of recycled metal that is purchased from other suppliers for direct shipment and is not processed by the Metals Recycling Business.
 
8

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
The Company sells recycled metals to foreign and unaffiliated domestic steel producers or their representatives and to the Steel Manufacturing Business. The Company has developed long-standing relationships with Asian and United States steel producers. The Company’s primary Asian recycled metals customers are located in South Korea and China, with additional sales in fiscal 2005 to Thailand. In fiscal 2005, South Korean companies purchased 49% of the Company’s export sales with China purchasing 37%. The Company has established representatives in South Korea, China and Japan to better serve Asian markets. The Historical Metals Recycling Business’ five largest customers accounted for 66% of recycled metals sales to unaffiliated customers in fiscal 2005. However, the Company’s recycled metals customers vary from year to year due to demand, competition, relative currency values and other factors. Recycled metals sales are generally denominated in United States dollars and most ferrous recycled metals shipments to foreign customers are supported by letters of credit.

The Acquired Metals Recycling Business’ ferrous metals are primarily sold to foreign customers. In fiscal 2005, over 85% of the processing business’ ferrous tons were shipped to foreign countries, including approximately 35% sent to Asian countries, primarily India, China, Taiwan and Malaysia. Shipments were also made to European countries, including Turkey and Italy, as well as to Egypt, Mexico and Peru.

Regional sells virtually all of its ferrous metals to customers in the domestic market. Regional’s location in the Southeast provides an advantageous position as a supplier of ferrous scrap to numerous steel producers in that region.

Recycled metals prices are subject to market cycles which are influenced by many factors including worldwide demand from steel and other metal producers and readily available supplies of raw materials that can be processed into sellable scrap. Market prices for recycled ferrous metals reached historical highs during fiscal 2005 with the Company’s Historical Metals Recycling Business average net selling price for fiscal 2005 reaching $230 per ton compared to $184 per ton in fiscal 2004 and $122 per ton in fiscal 2003. Prices for both domestic and foreign recycled metals are generally established through a competitive bidding process based on prevailing market rates. Export recycled metals sales contracts provide for shipment generally within 60 to 90 days after the price is agreed to, which, in most cases, includes freight. The Company attempts to respond to changing export price levels by adjusting its purchase prices at its metals recycling yards to maintain its operating margin dollars per ton. However, the Company’s ability to fully maintain its operating margin per ton through periods of rapidly declining prices can be limited by the impact of lower purchase prices on the volume of recycled metals flowing to the Company from marginal unprocessed metal suppliers. Accordingly, the Company believes it generally benefits from rising recycled metals prices, which provide the Company greater ability to maintain or expand both margins and unprocessed metals flow into its yards.

The Company also sells recycled nonferrous metals to domestic and foreign customers. The Company’s efficiency in recovering nonferrous metals from its shredding process has provided increasing supplies for its Historical Metals Recycling Business to sell to foreign customers. The nonferrous cargoes are loaded into ocean-going containers, which are shipped to the customers. The acquisition of Regional has significantly increased the nonferrous component of the Company’s Metals Recycling Business. Many of Regional’s industrial suppliers utilize nonferrous metals in the manufacturing of automobiles and auto parts. Thus, Regional receives proportionately more nonferrous metals than the Company’s Historical Metals Recycling Business. Regional processes approximately 100 million pounds of nonferrous scrap annually, with over 70% of its volume sold to domestic customers and the balance sold internationally. The Acquired Metals Recycling Business also sold over 65 million pounds of nonferrous metals in fiscal 2005.


9

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

The following table sets forth information about the amount of nonferrous recycled metals sold by the Company’s Historical Metals Recycling Business during the last five fiscal years:

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
2002 
 
2001 
 
   
Sales
 
Vol. (1)
 
Sales
 
Vol.(1)
 
Sales
 
Vol.(1)
 
Sales
 
Vol.(1)
 
Sales
 
Vol.(1)
 
   
(dollar amounts in millions)
 
Nonferrous Recycled Metals
 
                                         
Nonferrous recycled metals
 
$
70.7
   
125,745
 
$
57.0
   
117,922
 
$
47.8
   
113,378
 
$
41.7
   
112,622
 
$
43.0
   
114,441
 

(1) In thousands of pounds.

Sources of Unprocessed Metals. The most common forms of raw metals purchased by the Company are obsolete machinery and equipment such as automobiles, railroad cars, railroad tracks, home appliances and demolition metal from buildings and other obsolete structures. The metals are acquired from suppliers at posted prices at the Company’s metals recycling yards, from Company drop boxes at a diverse base of suppliers’ industrial sites and through negotiated purchases from other large suppliers. The Company purchases unprocessed metals from a large number of suppliers, including railroads, industrial manufacturers, automobile salvage yards, metals dealers, and individuals. Metals recycling yards situated nearest to unprocessed metals sellers and major transportation routes have a competitive advantage because of the significance of freight charges relative to the value of metals. The Historical Metals Recycling Business’ Portland, Tacoma and Oakland yards receive raw metals using major railroad routes, deep water ports and major highways, as do the Acquired Metals Recycling Business’ Everett and Providence yards. Most of the Company’s other Historical Metals Recycling Business’ yards have access to railways to both receive and then ship metals to the Company’s major yards using railroad cars, which management believes provides the Company with a competitive advantage. The locations of the Company’s facilities allows it to competitively purchase raw metals from the San Francisco Bay area (one of the largest metropolitan regions in the country) north up the West Coast to British Columbia and Alaska and to the east including Idaho, Montana, Utah and Nevada. The Acquired Metals Recycling Business provides access to sources of unprocessed metals in Connecticut, Rhode Island, Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire and Hawaii.

Regional purchases approximately half of its ferrous and nonferrous unprocessed metals volume from industrial companies, with the remaining volume coming from smaller dealers. The industrial companies provide Regional with metals that are by-products of their manufacturing processes. Regional typically collects the material via its drop boxes located at the industrial companies’ sites. The southeastern U.S. has recently become a highly attractive location for international auto manufacturers, specifically Alabama and Georgia where Regional’s facilities are located. With the rise of auto manufacturing, auto parts manufacturers have also established facilities in this area. These manufacturers have provided Regional with a consistent, growing supply of scrap.

The Company is a 50% partner in two joint ventures operating out of Richmond, California which are industrial plant demolition contractors. These joint ventures dismantle industrial plants, perform environmental remediation, resell any machinery or pieces of steel that are salvaged from the plants in a usable form and sell other recovered metals, primarily to the Company. The Company is also a 50% partner in two joint ventures in Oregon and Idaho, which process recycled metals. The Company purchased substantially all of the ferrous metals generated by these joint ventures during fiscal 2005 and 2004, which included 79,000 tons and 63,000 tons, respectively. Purchase terms are negotiated at arms-length between the Company and the other partners of the joint ventures.

Metals Recycling. The Company processes raw metal by sorting, shearing, shredding and torching, resulting in metal processed into pieces of a size, density and purity required by customers for use in their melting furnaces. Smaller, more homogenous pieces of processed metals have more value because they melt easier than larger pieces and more completely fill a steel mill’s furnace charge bucket.


10

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

One of the most efficient ways to process and sort metal is by the use of shredding systems. Currently, the Portland and Oakland facilities each operate a large shredder capable of processing up to 1,500 tons of metal per day and the Tacoma facility has a mega-shredder capable of shredding over 2,500 tons per day. The Oakland facility is currently installing a mega-shredder, expected to be completed by mid-2006, which will give it the ability to shred 2,500 tons per day as well as more efficiently process larger and thicker pieces of metal than were previously processed using other more costly techniques. The Company also plans to complete installation of mega-shredders in Portland, Oregon and Everett, Massachusetts during the last half of calendar 2006. Mega-shredders are designed to provide a denser product and a more pure form of ferrous metal, which is preferred, as the metal can be more efficiently used by steel mills. Having a larger machine gives the Company the ability to broaden the types of material that can be fed into the shredder, and thus processed more efficiently than other more traditional processes. Shredders reduce automobile bodies, home appliances and other light gauge sheet metal into fist-size pieces of shredded recycled metal in seconds. The shredded material is then carried by conveyor under magnetized drums, which attract the ferrous recycled metal and separate it from the nonferrous metals and other residue found in the shredded material, resulting in a relatively pure and clean shredded steel product. The remaining nonferrous metal and residue then pass through a process that mechanically separates the nonferrous metals from the residue. The remaining nonferrous metals are either hand sorted and graded before being sold or sold unsorted. The Company’s recent investments in nonferrous separation technology were predominantly responsible for the growth in its nonferrous sales in fiscal 2005. In 2006, the Company will initiate an induction sorting system (ISS) to improve the recoverability of high value stainless steel. The ISS will be installed in the Oakland, Tacoma and Johnston facilities in 2006 and in the other shredder facilities thereafter.

While the mega-shredder in Oakland, California is being installed, production at this facility is expected to be shut down for approximately two months during the Company’s third quarter of fiscal 2006 to accommodate placement of the new shredder on the location of the existing shredder. Installations of the mega-shredders in Portland, Oregon and Everett, Massachusetts are not expected to significantly interfere with ongoing production at these facilities. However, the Acquired Metals Recycling Business’s results for the first quarter of fiscal 2006 will be adversely affected by the temporary shut-down of the shredder in Johnston, Rhode Island for an expected six weeks to convert its shredder motors from diesel to electric to comply with regulations governing noise levels.

Deep Water Terminal Facilities. The Company delivers ferrous and nonferrous recycled metals to foreign steel producers by ship or container. The Company achieves cost efficiencies by operating deep water terminal facilities at Portland, Oregon; Oakland, California; Tacoma, Washington; Everett, Massachusetts and Providence, Rhode Island. The Company owns all of its terminal facilities, historical and recently acquired, except for the Providence, Rhode Island facility, which is operated on a leased property. The Kapolei, Hawaii operation ships from a public dock. Additionally, because the Company operates most of the terminal facilities, it is not normally subject to the same berthing delays often experienced by users of unaffiliated terminals. The Company’s loading costs are believed to be lower than they would be if the Company were to utilize third party terminal facilities.

The Company’s Portland, Oregon metals recycling facility operated on property leased from a related party since 1972. In 2004, the related party began marketing the property for sale. Because the Company deemed the location of the property to be strategic to its operations, the Company purchased the property in 2005 for $20 million. The Company has undertaken the reconstruction of the dock and the addition of a modernized crane to improve the ship loading facilities at this location. Completion of this work is expected in the spring of 2006.

Competition. The Company competes for both the purchase of metals from suppliers and the sale of processed recycled metals to finished steel producers. Competition for metals purchased in the Metals Recycling Business’ markets comes primarily from well financed large recyclers of metal as well as smaller metals yards and dealers. Many of these recyclers have varying types and sizes of processing equipment that include fixed and mobile shears and large and small ferrous metal shredders, all with varying effects on the selling price of recycled metal. The Company also competes with brokers who buy product on behalf of domestic and foreign mills. The majority of the brokered material is sent to the foreign mills in bulk export shipments. Brokers in the Company’s markets have also begun to coordinate shipments of certain grades of recycled metals from smaller scrap dealers to the foreign mills via shipping containers.
 
11

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
The predominant competitive factors that impact the Company’s recycled metals sales and its ability to obtain unprocessed metals are price, including shipping costs, availability, and reliability of service and product quality.

The Company competes with a number of domestic and foreign recycled metals processors for export sales. Price, including shipping costs, and availability are the two most important competitive factors, but reliability and quality are also important.

Seasonality. The Company makes a number of large ferrous metals shipments to foreign steel producers each year. The Company’s control over the timing of shipments is limited by customers’ requirements, shipping schedules and other factors. Additionally, in recent years, the Company has experienced a decline in selling prices on export sales in the spring and early summer, with prices rebounding near the end of summer. Management believes that this may be attributable to the increased availability of scrap metal in the customers’ local areas as smaller mills curtail production during the summer months to offset higher energy costs. Variations in the number of shipments from quarter to quarter can result in significant fluctuations in quarterly revenues, earnings and inventory levels.

Backlog. On August 31, 2005, the Historical Metals Recycling Business had a backlog of firm orders of $37.3 million, as compared to $78.7 million on August 31, 2004 for export ferrous metal shipments.

Auto Parts Business

The Auto Parts Business competes in the auto dismantling and used auto parts industry. The stores the Company operated prior to the acquisition of Greenleaf in September 2005 are all self-service stores in which customers remove used auto parts from a vehicle in inventory and then pay standard prices for those parts. Company personnel at those stores do not remove parts for customers or perform automotive repairs. The Company believes it has developed one of the largest networks of self-service used auto parts stores in the United States with 27 stores in nine states and an additional 3 stores in western Canada. Seventeen of the U.S. stores are located in Northern California, with the remaining stores located in Nevada, Utah, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Ohio, Virginia and Texas. The Company purchases salvaged vehicles and sells the parts from those vehicles through its retail store facilities and wholesale operations, and then sells the remaining portion of the vehicles to metal recyclers, including the Company’s Metals Recycling Business.

With the Company’s purchase of Greenleaf on September 30, 2005, the Company has added a full-service component to its Auto Parts Business. Full-service stores generally maintain newer cars in inventory. Professional staff members dismantle, test and inventory individual parts, which are then delivered to business or wholesale customers, typically collision and mechanical repair shops, via Company delivery trucks. Greenleaf’s stores are located in Texas and Florida and in various states in the Southeast, East and West. Management currently anticipates that several of the Greenleaf stores will be converted to self-service locations, others will combine both full-service and self-service, and some will remain as full-service enterprises.

The Company is dedicated to supplying low-cost used auto parts to its customers. In general, management believes that the prices of parts at its self-service stores are significantly lower than full-service auto dismantling prices, retail car part store prices and car dealership prices. Each store offers an extensive selection of vehicles from which consumers can remove parts. The average store is located on 14 acres and contains approximately 1,600 cars available to the customer. The Company carries domestic and foreign cars, vans and light trucks and rotates its inventory frequently which provides its customers with access to new parts inventory.

The Company typically seeks to locate its facilities with convenient access to major streets and major population centers. By operating its stores at locations that are convenient and visible to the target customer, the stores become the first stop a customer makes in acquiring their used auto parts. Convenient locations also make it easier and less expensive for suppliers to deliver vehicles.
 
12

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
Products and Marketing. The following table sets forth information about the significant components of sales made by the Company’s Auto Parts Business and predecessor companies during the last five fiscal years:

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
2002 (1)  
 
2001 (1) 
 
   
Sales
 
%.
 
Sales
 
%.
 
Sales
 
%.
 
Sales
 
%.
 
Sales
 
%.
 
   
(dollar amounts in millions)
 
Retail sales
 
$
59.1
   
55
%
$
48.1
   
59
%
$
44.5
   
68
%
$
42.3
   
73
%
$
37.8
   
74
%
Wholesale sales
   
48.7
   
45
%
 
33.4
   
41
%
 
20.7
   
32
%
 
16.0
   
27
%
 
13.5
   
26
%
Total
 
$
107.8
   
100
%
$
81.5
   
100
%
$
65.2
   
100
%
$
58.3
   
100
%
$
51.3
   
100
%

 
(1)
The sales for periods prior to fiscal 2003 are not included in the Company’s consolidated revenues. Please refer to Note 1 and Note 3 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company sells used auto parts from each of its self-service retail locations. Upon arriving at a store, a customer typically pays an admission charge and signs a liability waiver before entering the facility. When a customer finds a desired part on a vehicle, the customer removes it and pays an established price for the part.

Once the vehicle is removed from the customer area, certain remaining parts that can be sold wholesale (cores) are removed from the vehicle. In California, as well as Canada, these cores, such as engines, transmissions and alternators, are consolidated at a central facility. From this facility, the parts are sold, via an auction system, to a variety of different wholesale buyers. Due to larger volumes generated via this consolidation process, the Company has been able to obtain increasingly higher prices for these cores.

After the core removal process is complete, the remaining auto body is crushed and sold as scrap metal in the wholesale market. The autobodies are sold on a price per ton basis. This price is subject to fluctuations in the recycled ferrous metal markets. During fiscal 2005, the Auto Parts Business had sales of $13.3 million to the Metals Recycling Business, thereby making it the Auto Parts Business’ single largest customer. The Company’s wholesale business consists of its core and scrap sales.

The Auto Parts Business has recently developed a more formalized plan to market its stores. The marketing approach incorporates various components, including a points-based system for buying media, which is focused on making targeted impressions in the market. It also includes detailed marketing research to better establish who customers are, what they care about in their buying experience and what their buying and media habits are. The results of this research will be utilized to position the brand, and to improve media purchases and messaging content. Additionally, the Auto Parts Business plans to incorporate more retail-oriented promotional techniques and to provide each store with a custom tailored marketing calendar. It will also develop a commercial marketing plan for the Greenleaf business purchased in September 2005.

Competition. The Company competes with both full-service and self-service auto dismantlers as well as larger well-financed retail auto parts businesses for retail customers. Also, the Company competes for its vehicle inventory with other dismantlers, used car dealers, auto auctions and metal recyclers. Vehicle costs can fluctuate significantly depending on market conditions and prices for recycled metal.

Sources of Vehicles. The Company obtains vehicles from four primary sources: tow companies, private parties, auto auctions and charities. The Company employs car buyers who travel to vendors and bid on vehicles. The Company also has a program to purchase vehicles from private parties called “Cash for Junk Cars.” This program is advertised in telephone directories and newspapers. Private parties call a toll free number and receive a quote for their vehicle. The private party can either deliver the vehicle to one of the retail locations or the Company can arrange for the vehicle to be
 
13

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
picked up. The Company is also attempting to secure more vehicle supplies at the source by contracting with municipalities and tow companies.

Seasonality. Historically, retail sales and admissions are somewhat seasonal and principally affected by weather and promotional events. Since the stores are open to the natural elements, during periods of prolonged wet, cold or extreme heat, the retail business tends to slow down due to the difficult customer working conditions. As a result, the Company’s first and third fiscal quarters tend to generate the most retail sales and the second and fourth fiscal quarters are the slowest in terms of retail sales.

Steel Manufacturing Business

The Steel Manufacturing Business consists of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Cascade Steel Rolling Mills, Inc., located in McMinnville, Oregon (approximately 45 miles southwest of Portland) and includes two distribution centers, located in Central and Southern California, one of which is owned by the Company. The Steel Manufacturing Business produces steel reinforcing bar (rebar), wire rod, merchant bar, coiled rebar and other specialty products. Management believes the Steel Manufacturing Business has a competitive position in its market due to its readily available source of recycled metals, efficient production processes, well-located West Coast shipping and transportation facilities, access to competitively priced electric power and proximity to California and other major western markets. In addition, the steel mill has access to major railroad routes which reduce the Steel Manufacturing Business’ delivery costs to major West Coast markets.

Products and Marketing. The Steel Manufacturing Business produces rebar, merchant bar, coiled products and specialty products. Sales of these products during the last five fiscal years were as follows:

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
2002 
 
2001 
 
   
Sales
 
Vol.1
 
Sales
 
Vol.1
 
Sales
 
Vol.1
 
Sales
 
Vol.1
 
Sales
 
Vol.1
 
   
(dollar amounts in millions)
 
Rebar
 
 
$
163.1
   
316
 
$
143.7
   
340
 
$
97.4
   
327
 
$
86.7
   
307
 
$
91.8
   
309
 
Coiled products
 
   
117.1
   
216
   
94.5
   
233
   
67.9
   
223
   
51.6
   
179
   
39.2
   
137
 
Merchant bar
 
   
34.3
   
60
   
31.8
   
66
   
23.4
   
65
   
21.3
   
67
   
28.8
   
83
 
Other products
 
   
1.0
   
1
   
1.3
   
3
   
3.2
   
7
   
7.0
   
16
   
7.8
   
17
 
Total
 
$
315.5
 
593
 
$
271.3
   
642
 
$
191.9
   
622
 
$
166.6
   
569
 
$
167.6
 
546
 

 
1 In thousands of short tons (2,000 pounds).

Rebar is steel rod used to increase the tensile strength of poured concrete. Merchant bar consists of round, flat, angle and square steel bars used by fabricators or manufacturers to produce a wide variety of products, including gratings, steel floor and roof joists, safety walkways, ornamental furniture, stair railings and farm equipment. Coiled products consist of wire rod and coiled rebar. Wire rod is steel wire, delivered in coiled form, and is used by fabricators to produce a variety of products such as chain link fencing, nails, wire and stucco netting. Coiled rebar is rebar delivered in coils rather than in straight lengths, a method preferred by some fabricators as it reduces the waste and improves yield generated by cutting individual lengths to meet customer specifications.

The Steel Manufacturing Business sells directly from its mill in McMinnville, Oregon and from its Company owned distribution center located in El Monte, California (Los Angeles area) and one third-party distribution center in Lathrop, California. The distribution centers facilitate sales by maintaining a ready inventory of products close to major customers for just-in-time delivery. The Steel Manufacturing Business communicates regularly with major customers to determine their anticipated needs and plans its rolling mill production schedule accordingly. The Steel Manufacturing
 
14

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
Business also produces and inventories a mix of products forecasted to meet the needs of other customers. Shipments to customers are made by common carrier, either truck or rail.

During fiscal 2005, the Steel Manufacturing Business sold its steel products to approximately 350 customers primarily located in the 10 western states. In that period, approximately 44% of the Steel Manufacturing Business’ sales were made to customers in California. The Steel Manufacturing Business’ customers are principally steel service centers, construction industry subcontractors, steel fabricators, wire drawers and major farm and wood product suppliers. The Steel Manufacturing Business’ 10 largest customers accounted for approximately 44% of its revenues during fiscal 2005.

Recycled Metals Supply. The Company believes it operates the only mini-mill in the Western United States which has the ability to obtain its entire recycled metals requirement from its own affiliated metals recycling operations. There have at times been regional shortages of recycled metals with some mills being forced to pay higher prices for recycled metals shipped from other regions or to temporarily curtail operations. The Company’s Metals Recycling Business has the ability to supply the Steel Manufacturing Business both with recycled metals that it has processed and with recycled metals that it has purchased from third-party processors. The Metals Recycling Business is also able to deliver to the Steel Manufacturing Business an optimal mix of recycled metal grades to achieve maximum efficiency in its melting operations. Since the Company’s steel mill and major metals recycling yards are located on rail routes, the Company takes advantage of the cost benefit of shipping recycled metal by rail.

Energy Supply. Electricity and natural gas represented approximately 5% and 2%, respectively, of the Steel Manufacturing Business’ cost of goods sold in the year ended August 31, 2005.

The Steel Manufacturing Business purchases electric power from McMinnville Water & Light (McMinnville), a municipal utility, and is McMinnville’s largest customer. The Steel Manufacturing Business has a contract with McMinnville that expires in September 2011. McMinnville obtains power from the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and resells it to the Steel Manufacturing Business at its cost plus a fixed charge per kilowatt hour and a 3% city surcharge. The rate McMinnville obtains from BPA is for firm power; therefore, the Steel Manufacturing Business is not forced to sacrifice the reliability of its power supply for a lower interruptible power rate as is the case with certain other mini-mills. On October 1, 2001, the BPA increased its electricity rates due to increased demand on the West Coast and lower supplies.  This increase was in the form of a Cost Recovery Adjustment Clause (CRAC) added to BPA’s contract with McMinnville.  The CRAC is an additional monthly surcharge on selected power charges  The CRAC, which can be adjusted every six months, has varied from a low of 37% to a high of 52%. The current rate, which became effective on April 1, 2005, is 37%.

The Steel Manufacturing Business purchases natural gas for use in the reheat furnaces from IGI Resources of Boise, Idaho, pursuant to a contract that obligates the business to purchase minimum amounts of gas at a fixed rate. This is a take or pay contract. The current contract expires in May 2009. All natural gas used by the Steel Manufacturing Business must be transmitted via a pipeline owned by Northwest Natural Gas Company that also serves local residential customers of Northwest Natural Gas Company. To protect against interruptions in gas supply, the Steel Manufacturing Business maintains stand-by propane gas storage tanks that have the capacity to hold enough gas to operate one of the rolling mills for at least three days without refilling.

Manufacturing Operations and Equipment. The Company has continued to reinvest in its mini-mill to improve efficiencies. The Steel Manufacturing Business’ melt-shop includes a new 108-ton capacity electric-arc furnace, ladle refining furnace and five-strand continuous billet caster. In December 2004, the Steel Manufacturing Business replaced the existing electric arc furnace with a furnace that is more energy efficient, has reduced melting time and has exceeded overall productivity expectations. The melt shop has enhanced steel chemistry refining capabilities, permitting the mill to produce special alloy grades of steel not currently produced by other mills on the West Coast. The melt shop produced 672,000, 652,000 and 636,000 tons of billets during fiscal 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.


15

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

The Company operates two computerized rolling mills that allow for synchronized operations of the rolling mills and related equipment. The billets produced in the melt shop are reheated in two natural gas-fueled furnaces and are then hot-rolled through one of the two mills to produce finished products. Rolling mill #1 is a 17-stand mill that was rebuilt in 1986. Rolling mill #2 is an 18-stand mill, which was installed in 1996. In 1997, a rod block and related equipment for the manufacture of wire and coiled rebar was added to rolling mill #2. Since then, the Company has completed a number of improvement projects to both mills designed to increase the operating efficiency of each mill as well as to increase the types of products that can be competitively produced. Management continues to monitor the market for new products and, through discussions with customers, identify additional opportunities. In fiscal 2005, the Company made major repairs to the hotbed in rolling mill #1. The hotbed cools the hot-rolled steel. The repairs were made to improve the quality of products produced.

For fiscal 2006, the Company has budgeted to begin expanding the billet reheat furnace on its second rolling mill. The new furnace installed in the melt shop in fiscal 2005 has increased production of billets and the second rolling mill has additional capacity to produce finished products. If the billet reheat furnace is expanded to provide more input to the rolling mill, it provides an opportunity for the Steel Manufacturing Business to increase its finished steel production.

Competition. The principal competitive factors in the Steel Manufacturing Business’ market are price, product availability, quality and service. The mill’s primary domestic competitors are Nucor, with manufacturing facilities in Utah and Washington, and Tamco with a facility in California.

In addition to domestic competition, the Steel Manufacturing Business has historically competed intensely with foreign steel producers principally located in Asia, Canada, Mexico, and Central and South America in certain of its product lines, principally in shorter length rebar and in certain wire rod grades. In the spring of 2002, the U.S. Government imposed anti-dumping and countervailing duties against wire rod products from eight foreign countries. These duties remain in effect today, are periodically reviewed, and do not have a set expiration date. Imports were also adversely impacted by rising ocean freight rates in fiscal 2004. As a result of the duties, change in freight rates and generally good market conditions in the foreign countries, the Company has experienced less competition from foreign steel producers although this competition continues to impact the Company’s sales.

Seasonality. The Steel Manufacturing Business’ revenues can fluctuate significantly between quarters due to factors such as the seasonal slowdown in the construction industry, which occurs from the late fall through early spring, and in other industries it serves. In the past, the Steel Manufacturing Business has generally experienced its lowest sales during the second quarter of the fiscal year. The Company expects this pattern to continue in the future.

Backlog. The Steel Manufacturing Business generally ships products within days after the receipt of purchase orders. Backlogs are seasonal and are typically larger in the Company’s third and fourth fiscal quarters.

Environmental Matters

Compliance with environmental laws and regulations is a significant factor in the Company’s business. Some of the Company’s businesses are subject to local, state, federal and supranational environmental laws and regulations concerning, among other matters, solid waste disposal, hazardous waste disposal, air emissions, water quality and discharge, dredging and employee health. Environmental legislation and regulations have changed rapidly in recent years and it is likely that the Company will be subject to even more stringent environmental standards in the future.

Metals Recycling Business
In connection with acquisitions in the Metals Recycling Business Segment in 1995 and 1996, the Company carried over to its financial statements reserves for environmental liabilities previously recorded by the acquired companies. These reserves are evaluated quarterly according to Company policy. On August 31, 2005, environmental reserves for the Metals Recycling Business aggregated $18.0 million. This reserve will be increased by estimated environmental
 
16

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
liabilities associated with the closings of the HNC joint venture transaction on September 30, 2005 and the Regional acquisition on October 31, 2005 as a result of due diligence performed in connection with those transactions.

Hylebos Waterway Remediation. General Metals of Tacoma (GMT), a subsidiary of the Company, owns and operates a metals recycling facility located in the State of Washington on the Hylebos Waterway, a part of Commencement Bay, which is the subject of an ongoing remediation project by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). GMT and more than 60 other parties were named potentially responsible parties (PRPs) for the investigation and clean-up of contaminated sediment along the Hylebos Waterway. On March 25, 2002, EPA issued Unilateral Administrative Orders (UAOs) to GMT and another party (Other Party) to proceed with Remedial Design and Remedial Action (RD/RA) for the head of the Hylebos and to two other parties to proceed with the RD/RA for the balance of the waterway. The issuance of the UAOs did not require the Company to change its previously recorded estimate of environmental liabilities for this site. The UAO for the head of the Hylebos Waterway was converted to a voluntary consent decree in 2004, pursuant to which GMT and the Other Party agreed to remediate the head of the Hylebos Waterway.

There are two phases to the remediation of the head of the Hylebos Waterway. The first phase was the intertidal and bank remediation, which was conducted in 2003 and early 2004. The second phase is dredging in the head of Hylebos Waterway, which began on July 15, 2004. During fiscal 2005, the Company paid remediation costs of $15.9 million related to Hylebos dredging which were charged to the environmental reserve. The Company’s cost estimates were based on the assumption that dredge removal of contaminated sediments would be accomplished within one dredge season during July 2004 - February 2005. However, due to a variety of factors, including dredge contractor operational issues and other dredge related delays, the dredging was not completed during the first dredge season. As a result, the Company recorded environmental charges of $13.5 million in fiscal 2005 primarily to account for additional estimated costs to complete this work during a second dredging season, and the total reserve for this site was $10.6 million at August 31, 2005. The Company and the Other Party have filed a complaint in the United States Federal District Court for Western Washington against the dredge contractor to recover damages and a significant portion of the increased costs of the second dredging season to complete the project. However, generally accepted accounting principles do not allow the Company to recognize the benefits of any such recoveries until receipt is probable and can be reasonably estimated.
 
GMT and the Other Party are pursuing settlement negotiations and legal actions against other non-settling, non-performing PRPs to recover additional amounts that may be applied against the head of the Hylebos remediation costs. During fiscal 2005, the Company recovered $0.7 million from four non-performing PRPs. Because the expectation of contributions from other PRPs in this amount had previously been taken into account as a reduction in the Company’s reserve for environmental liabilities, the Company recorded a $0.7 million increase in environmental liabilities in connection with these recoveries. Uncertainties continue to exist regarding the total cost to remediate this site as well as the Company’s share of those costs; nevertheless, the Company’s estimate of its liabilities related to this site is based on information currently available.

The Natural Resource Damage Trustees (Trustees) for Commencement Bay have asserted claims against GMT and other PRPs within the Hylebos Waterway area for alleged damage to natural resources. In March 2002, the Trustees delivered a draft settlement proposal to GMT and others in which the Trustees suggested a methodology for resolving the dispute, but did not indicate any proposed damages or cost amounts. In June 2002, GMT responded to the Trustees’ draft settlement proposal with various corrections and other comments, as did twenty other participants. It is unknown at this time whether, or to what extent, GMT will be liable for natural resource damages. The Company’s previously recorded environmental liabilities include an estimate of the Company’s potential liability for these claims.

Portland Harbor. In December 2000, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) named the Portland Harbor, a 5.5 mile stretch of the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, as a Superfund site. The Company’s metals recycling and deep water terminal facility in Portland, Oregon is located adjacent to the Portland Harbor. Crawford Street Corporation, a Company subsidiary, also owns property adjacent to the Portland Harbor. The EPA has identified 69 PRPs, including the Company and Crawford Street Corporation, which own or operate sites adjacent to the Portland Harbor Superfund site. The precise nature and extent of any clean-up of the Portland Harbor, the parties to be involved,
 
17

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
the process to be followed for such a clean-up, and the allocation of any costs for the clean-up among responsible parties have not yet been determined. It is unclear whether or to what extent the Company or Crawford Street Corporation will be liable for environmental costs or damages associated with the Superfund site. It is also unclear whether or to what extent natural resource damage claims or third party contribution or damages claims will be asserted against the Company. While the Company and Crawford Street Corporation participated in certain preliminary Portland Harbor study efforts, they are not parties to the consent order entered into by the EPA with other PRPs (Lower Willamette Group) for a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study; however, the Company and Crawford Street Corporation could become liable for a share of the costs of this study at a later stage of the proceedings.

Separately, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) has requested operating history and other information from numerous persons and entities which own or conduct operations on properties adjacent to or upland from the Portland Harbor, including the Company and Crawford Street Corporation. The DEQ investigations at the Company and Crawford Street sites are focused on controlling any current releases of contaminants into the Willamette River. The Company has agreed to a voluntary Remedial Investigation/Source Control effort with the DEQ regarding its Portland, Oregon deep water terminal facility and the site owned by Crawford Street Corporation. DEQ identified these sites as potential sources of contaminants that could be released into the Willamette River. The Company believes that improvements in the operations at these sites, often referred to as Best Management Practices (BMPs), will provide effective source control and avoid the release of contaminants from these sites, and has proposed to DEQ the implementation of BMPs as the resolution of this investigation.

The cost of the investigations associated with these properties and the cost of employment of source control BMPs are not expected to be material. No estimate is currently possible and none has been made as to the cost of remediation for the Portland Harbor or the Company’s adjacent properties.

Other Metals Recycling Business Sites. For a number of years prior to the Company’s 1996 acquisition of Proler International Corp. (Proler), Proler operated an industrial waste landfill in Texas, which Proler utilized to dispose of auto shredder residue from one of its operations. In August 2002, Proler entered the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) Voluntary Cleanup Program (VCP) toward the pursuit of the VCP Certificate of Completion for the former landfill site. In fiscal 2005, TCEQ issued a Conditional Certificate of Completion, requiring the Company to perform on-going groundwater monitoring and annual inspections, maintenance and reporting. As a result of the resolution of this issue, the Company reduced its reserve related to this site by $1.6 million in fiscal 2005.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2005, in connection with the negotiation of the separation and termination of the Company’s metals recycling joint ventures with Hugo Neu Corporation, the Company conducted an environmental due diligence investigation of certain joint venture businesses it proposed to acquire. As a result of this investigation, the Company identified certain environmental risks and had accrued $2.6 million as of August 31, 2005 for its share of the estimated costs to remediate these risks. As a result of the closing of the acquisition of these businesses on September 30, 2005, the environmental reserve will be increased to reflect the total estimated environmental liabilities of the acquired businesses.

The Washington State Department of Ecology named GMT, along with a number of other parties, as Potentially Liable Parties (PLPs) for a site referred to as Tacoma Metals. GMT operated on this site under a lease prior to 1982. The property owner and current operator have taken the lead role in performing a Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) for the site. The Company’s previously recorded environmental liabilities include an estimate of the Company’s potential liability at this site.

A Company subsidiary is also a named PRP at another third-party site at which it allegedly disposed of automobile shredder residue (ASR). The site has not yet been subject to significant remedial investigation. In addition to the matters discussed above, the Company’s environmental reserve includes amounts for potential future cleanup of other sites at which the Company or its acquired subsidiaries have conducted business or allegedly disposed of other materials.
 
18

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

After the shredding of automobile bodies and other obsolete machinery and appliances and the separation of ferrous and salable nonferrous metals, the remaining ASR must be managed. State and federal standards prescribe sampling protocols requiring representative samples of ASR to be analyzed to determine if they are likely to leach heavy metals, PCBs or other hazardous substances in excess of acceptable levels. ASR from the Company’s metals recycling operations in Oakland and Tacoma undergo an in-line chemical stabilization treatment prior to beneficial use as an alternative daily landfill cover.

Auto Parts Business
Since 2003, the Company has completed four acquisitions of businesses in the Auto Parts Business segment. At the time of each acquisition, the Company conducts an environmental due diligence investigation related to locations involved in the acquisition. As a result of the environmental due diligence investigations, the Company records a reserve for the estimated cost to cure certain environmental liabilities. The reserve is evaluated quarterly according to Company policy. On August 31, 2005, the reserve aggregated $5.5 million. The reserve will be increased by the estimated environmental liabilities of the Greenleaf business acquired on September 30, 2005. No environmental proceedings are pending at any of these sites other than as discussed below.

On January 6, 2004, the Auto Parts Business was served with a Notice of Violation (NOV) of the general permit requirements on its diesel powered car crushers at the Rancho Cordova and Sacramento locations from the Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD). Since receiving the NOV, the Sacramento and Rancho Cordova locations have converted their diesel powered car crushers to electric powered. The Company has settled this matter which resulted in payment of a fine to SMAQMD during the Company’s fourth fiscal quarter of 2005. The settlement amount was less than the $0.6 million the Company had previously reserved for this matter.

Steel Manufacturing Business
The Steel Manufacturing Business’ electric arc furnace generates dust (EAF dust), which is classified as a hazardous waste by the EPA because of its zinc and lead content. The EAF dust is shipped to a firm in the United States that applies a treatment that allows the EAF dust to be delisted as hazardous so it can be disposed of as a non-hazardous, solid waste.

The Steel Manufacturing Business has an operating permit issued under Title V of the Clean Air Act Amendment of 1990, which governs certain air quality standards. The permit was first issued in 1998 and has since been renewed through the year 2007. The permit allows the Steel Manufacturing Business to melt up to 900,000 tons of billets per year and allows rolling mill production levels which vary based on levels of emissions.

General Environmental Issues
It is not possible to predict the total size of all capital expenditures or the amount of any increases in operating costs or other expenses that may be incurred by the Company or its subsidiaries to comply with environmental requirements applicable to the Company, its subsidiaries and their operations, or whether all such cost increases can be passed on to customers through product price increases. Moreover, environmental legislation has been enacted, and may in the future be enacted, to create liability for past actions that were lawful at the time taken but have been found to affect the environment and to increase public rights of action for environmental conditions and activities. As is the case with steel producers and recycled metals processors in general, if damage to persons or the environment has been caused, or is in the future caused, by the Company’s hazardous materials activities or by hazardous substances now or hereafter located at the Company’s facilities, the Company may be fined and/or held liable for such damage and, in addition, may be required to remedy the condition. Thus, there can be no assurance that potential liabilities, expenditures, fines and penalties associated with environmental laws and regulations will not be imposed on the Company in the future or that such liabilities, expenditures, fines or penalties will not have a material adverse effect on the Company.

The Company has, in the past, been found not to be in compliance with certain environmental laws and regulations and has incurred liabilities, expenditures, fines and penalties associated with such violations. The Company’s objective is to maintain compliance. Efforts are ongoing to be responsive to environmental regulations.
 
19

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
The Company believes that it is in material compliance with currently applicable environmental regulations as discussed above and, except as discussed above, does not anticipate any substantial capital expenditures for new environmental control facilities during fiscal 2006 or 2007.

Employees

As of August 31, 2005, the Company had 1,799 full-time employees, consisting of 466 employees at the Company’s Metals Recycling Business, 460 employees at the Steel Manufacturing Business, 805 employees at the Auto Parts Business and 68 corporate administrative employees. Of these employees, as of August 31, 2005, 621 are covered by collective bargaining agreements with twelve unions. The Steel Manufacturing Business’ contract with the United Steelworkers of America (“USA”) covers 339 of these employees. The contract with the USA, which was successfully negotiated in fiscal 2005 and expires on April 1, 2008, now incorporates a production incentive bonus which ties a component of compensation to production improvements. The Company believes that its labor relations generally are good.

Available Information

The Company’s website is located at www.schnitzersteel.com. The Company makes available free of charge on or through its website, its annual, quarterly and current reports, and any amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing such reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Information contained on the Company’s website is not part of this report or any other report filed with the SEC.
 
20

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

ITEM 2.    PROPERTIES

Metals Recycling Business
In May 2005, the Company purchased its Portland, Oregon metals recycling facility, including deep water terminal facilities and related buildings and improvements, for $20 million from Schnitzer Investment Corp. (“SIC”). The Company had previously leased the property from SIC, a related party to the Company.

On September 30, 2005, the Company completed a transaction to separate and terminate its metals recycling joint venture relationships with Hugo Neu Corporation, which resulted in the Company’s acquisition of certain properties previously operated under joint venture arrangements (“Acquired Metals Recycling Business”). Additionally, the Company purchased substantially all of the assets of Regional Recycling LLC (“Regional”) on October 31, 2005. See Part I, Item 1 “Business - Overview - Recent Acquisitions”. The following metals recycling operations owned by the Company prior to the completion of these transactions (“Historical Metals Recycling Business”) along with the properties acquired are all located on sites owned by the Company or its subsidiaries:

Historical Metals Recycling Business
Location
Acreage Owned At Site
Portland, OR
97                
Oakland, CA
33                
Tacoma, WA
26                
Fresno, CA
17                
Sacramento, CA
13                
Eugene, OR
11                
White City, OR
4                
Bend, OR
3                
Grants Pass, OR
1                
   
Acquired Metals Recycling Business
Location
Acreage Owned At Site
Everett, MA
37                
Johnston, RI
22                
Millbury, MA
21                
Kapolei, HI
6                
Manchester, NH
2                
Portland, ME
1                


 
Regional 
 
State
Number of Locations
Total Acreage
Georgia
7
77
Alabama
2
53

The Pasco, Washington and Anchorage, Alaska operations of the Historical Metals Recycling Business are located on small sites leased from third parties. The Madbury, New Hampshire operations are located on a 91-acre site and the Providence, Rhode Island operations are located on a 9-acre site leased from third parties. The lease on the Providence, Rhode Island facility has expired. The Company and the lessor have verbally agreed to terms for a long-term lease of this facility. Finalization of the lease is expected in the short-term. See “Factors That Could Affect Future Results” in Part II, Item 7. The lease on the Madbury, New Hampshire facility has also expired. The Company has taken steps to exercise its option to purchase this property and is awaiting the owner’s response in order to consummate the purchase. The Company did not acquire Regional’s small operating site in Selma, Alabama and will be moving Regionals Selma operations to a new site the Company expects to acquire in November 2005.
 
21

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

Auto Parts Business
The Auto Parts Business has retail facilities in the following locations:

   
Number of
Locations
 
Total
Acreage
 
           
Northern California
   
17
   
211
 
Missouri
   
2
   
38
 
Nevada
   
2
   
30
 
Texas
   
1
   
33
 
Indiana
   
1
   
32
 
Ohio
   
1
   
14
 
Virginia
   
1
   
13
 
Utah
   
1
   
12
 
Illinois
   
1
   
11
 
Canada
   
3
   
46
 
               
Total
   
30
   
440
 

The Company owns the properties located in Indiana and Nevada. Additionally, it owns approximately 25 acres in California, 6 acres in Illinois and 2.5 acres in Utah. The remainder of the California, Illinois and Utah facilities are leased. In addition, all of the Canadian, Missouri, Ohio, Virginia and Texas facilities are located on sites leased by the Company.

As described in Part I, Item 1 “Business - Overview - Recent Acquisitions”, on September 30, 2005, the Company acquired Greenleaf Auto Recyclers, LLC, which has facilities in the following locations:

   
Number of
 
Total
 
   
Locations
 
Acreage
 
           
Texas
   
6
   
54
 
Florida
   
5
   
94
 
Massachusetts
   
2
   
73
 
Virginia
   
2
   
50
 
Arizona
   
1
   
14
 
Georgia
   
1
   
13
 
Illinois
   
1
   
20
 
Michigan
   
1
   
14
 
North Carolina
   
1
   
9
 
Nevada
   
1
   
15
 
Ohio
   
1
   
11
 
               
Total
   
22
   
367
 

The Company owns the Arizona, North Carolina and Nevada properties along with 12 acres in Florida and 10 acres in Texas. The remaining properties are all leased.

Steel Manufacturing Business
The Steel Manufacturing Business’ steel mill and administrative offices are located on an 83-acre site in McMinnville, Oregon owned by the Steel Manufacturing Business. The Steel Manufacturing Business also owns its 87,000 sq. ft. distribution center in El Monte, California. The Company also owns 51 acres near the mill site in McMinnville, Oregon; however, this site is not currently utilized by the Steel Manufacturing Business.
 
22

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
The equipment and facilities on each of the foregoing sites are described in more detail in the descriptions of each of the Company’s businesses. The Company believes its present facilities are adequate for operating needs for the foreseeable future.

Corporate Headquarters
The Company’s principal executive offices are located at 3200 and 3300 NW Yeon Avenue in Portland, Oregon in 48,000 sq. ft. of space leased from SIC under long-term leases. See Part III, Item 13 "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions."
 
ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company had a past practice of making improper payments to the purchasing managers of customers in Asia in connection with export sales of recycled ferrous metals. The Company stopped this practice after it was advised in 2004 that it raised questions of possible violations of U.S. and foreign laws. Thereafter, the Audit Committee was advised and conducted a preliminary compliance review. On November 18, 2004, on the recommendation of the Audit Committee, the Board of Directors authorized the Audit Committee to engage independent counsel and conduct a thorough, independent investigation. The Board of Directors also authorized and directed that the existence and the results of the investigation be voluntarily reported to the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and that the Company cooperate fully with those agencies. The Audit Committee notified the DOJ and the SEC of the independent investigation, engaged outside counsel to assist in the independent investigation and instructed outside counsel to fully cooperate with the DOJ and the SEC and to provide those agencies with the information obtained as a result of the independent investigation. On August 23, 2005, the Company received from the SEC a formal order of investigation related to the independent investigation. The Audit Committee is continuing its independent investigation. The Company, including the Audit Committee, continues to cooperate fully with the DOJ and the SEC. The investigations of the Audit Committee, the DOJ and the SEC are not expected to affect the Company’s previously reported financial results, including those reported in this 10-K. However, it is probable that the SEC and DOJ will impose penalties on the Company as a result of their investigations. Because the Company is unable to estimate either the timing or the amount or range of any penalties, the Company has made no provision for penalties in its financial statements. The Company cannot predict the results of the aforementioned investigations or whether the Company or any of its employees will be subject to any disgorgement or other remedial actions following completion of these investigations.

Except as described above under Part I, Item 1 "Business -- Environmental Matters", the Company is not a party to any material pending legal proceedings.
 
ITEM 4.    SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

None.



23

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

ITEM 4(a).    EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

Name
Age
Office
     
John D. Carter
59
President and Chief Executive Officer
Gary Schnitzer
63
Executive Vice President
Gregory J.Witherspoon
59
Interim Chief Financial Officer
Tamara Adler Lundgren
48
Vice President, Chief Strategy Officer
Kelly E. Lang
44
Vice President, Asset and Operational Integration
Thomas Zelenka
56
Vice President, Environmental and Public Affairs
Vicki A. Piersall
44
Vice President and Corporate Controller
Donald Hamaker
53
President, Metals Recycling Business
Thomas D. Klauer, Jr.
51
President, Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers
Jeffrey Dyck
42
President, Cascade Steel Rolling Mills, Inc.
Jay Robinovitz
47
Vice President, Northwest Metals Recycling Operations

John D. Carter joined the Company as President and Chief Executive Officer in May 2005. From 2002 to May 2005, Mr. Carter was engaged in a consulting practice focused primarily on strategic planning in transportation and energy for national and international businesses, as well as other small business ventures. From 1982 to 2002, Mr. Carter served in a variety of senior management capacities at Bechtel Group, Inc. including Executive Vice President and Director, as well as President of Bechtel Enterprises, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary, and other operating groups. Prior to his Bechtel tenure, Mr. Carter was a partner in a San Francisco law firm. He is a director of Northwest Natural Gas Company, FLIR Systems, Inc., and Kuni Automotive in the U.S. In the United Kingdom, he serves as a director of London & Continental Railways and Cross London Rail Links.

Gary Schnitzer has been Executive Vice President in charge of the Company’s California metals recycling operations since 1980.

Gregory J. Witherspoon was appointed as Interim Chief Financial Officer in August 2005. Mr. Witherspoon has been a managing director with the financial consulting firm, Plan Bravo Partners, LLC since 1998. Mr. Witherspoon’s consulting engagements have included a two year assignment as President of a chain of hotels and restaurants, and a six-month assignment as Interim President and Chief Financial Officer of an automobile lender, He will serve until the completion of the search for a permanent Chief Financial Officer.

Tamara Adler Lundgren joined the Company in September 2005 as Vice President, Chief Strategy Officer. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Adler Lundgren was a Managing Director at JP Morgan Chase, which she joined in 2001. From 1996 until 2001, Ms. Adler Lundgren was employed by Deutsche Bank AG in management positions, lastly as a Managing Director. Her previous experience includes management positions with Goldman, Sachs & Co. and serving as a partner at Hogan & Hartson, LLP. She is a director of FLIR Systems, Inc. and NetBank, Inc. in the U.S. and Radian Financial Products Limited in the United Kingdom.

Kelly E. Lang joined the Company in September 1999 as Vice President-Corporate Controller. He served as Acting Chief Financial Officer from June 2005 to August 2005 when he became Vice President for Asset and Operational Integration. From 1996 to September 1999, he was employed by Tektronix Inc. in various financial capacities, the last of which was Vice President, Finance for Tektronix Inc.’s Color Printing and Imaging Division. While with Price Waterhouse LLP, Mr. Lang was a Certified Public Accountant.
 
Thomas Zelenka has been with the Company since 1988, serving as the Manager of Legislative/Environmental and Public Relations prior to being named Vice President, Environmental and Public Affairs in 2002.


24

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

Vicki A. Piersall joined the company in June 2002 as Assistant Corporate Controller and became Vice President and Corporate Controller in September 2005. From 2000 to June 2002, she was Worldwide Division Controller for the Office Printer Division of Xerox Corporation. From 1999 to 2000, she was the Manufacturing and Engineering Controller for the Color Printer Division of Tektronix, Inc.

Donald Hamaker joined the Company as Vice President and President of the Metals Recycling Business in September 2005. Mr. Hamaker was employed in management positions by Hugo Neu Corporation for nearly twenty years, serving as President since 1999.

Thomas D. Klauer, Jr. has been the President of the Company’s Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers business since the Company’s acquisition of Pick-N-Pull in 2003. Prior thereto, Mr. Klauer was employed by Pick-N-Pull, having joined that Company in 1989.

Jeffrey Dyck joined the Steel Manufacturing Business in February 1994 and served in a variety of positions, including Manager of the Rolling Mills and Director of Operations of the Steel Manufacturing Business, prior to his promotion to President in June 2005.

Jay Robinovitz joined the Company in January 1993 and has held various senior management positions, including four years serving as General Manager of the Company’s Tacoma yard and most recently, the Company’s Vice President of Northwest metals recycling operations.


 

25

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K


PART II


ITEM 5.
 
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company’s Class A Common Stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market tier of the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol SCHN. The approximate number of shareholders of record on September 30, 2005 was 122. The stock has been trading since November 16, 1993. The following table sets forth the high and low prices reported at the close of trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market and the dividends paid per share for the periods indicated, all as adjusted for the one-for-two stock dividend effected March 25, 2004.

   
Fiscal Year 2005
 
   
High Price
 
Low Price
 
Dividends Per Share
 
 
First Quarter
 
$
38.37
 
$
26.51
 
$
0.017
 
 
Second Quarter
 
$
41.33
 
$
30.06
 
$
0.017
 
 
Third Quarter
 
$
41.24
 
$
21.72
 
$
0.017
 
 
Fourth Quarter
 
$
30.38
 
$
21.00
 
$
0.017
 
                     
                     
 
   
 Fiscal Year 2004
 
 
 
High Price
 
Low Price
   
Dividends Per Share
 
 
First Quarter
 
$
36.57
 
$
16.20
 
$
0.017
 
 
Second Quarter
 
$
42.52
 
$
26.38
 
$
0.017
 
 
Third Quarter
 
$
37.70
 
$
22.60
 
$
0.017
 
 
Fourth Quarter
 
$
35.79
 
$
26.01
 
$
0.017
 
                     

 


26

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
ITEM 6.    SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003(1)  
 
2002  
 
2001
 
   
(In millions, except per share, per ton and shipment data)
 
INCOME STATEMENT DATA:
                     
Revenues
 
$
853.1
 
$
688.2
 
$
496.9
 
$
350.6
 
$
322.8
 
                                 
Operating income
 
$
232.6
 
$
166.9
 
$
68.8
 
$
9.8
 
$
15.1
 
Income before cumulative effect of
change in accounting principle,
income taxes, minority interests
and pre-acquisition interests
 
$
230.9
 
$
164.3
 
$
66.4
 
$
7.7
 
$
11.3
 
Income tax provision
 
$
(81.5
)
$
(50.7
)
$
(17.9
)
$
( 1.1
)
$
( 3.4
)
                                 
Cumulative effect of change in
accounting principle (2)
   
   
   
(1.0
)
 
   
 
 
Net income
 
$
146.9
 
$
111.2
 
$
43.2
 
$
6.6
 
$
7.9
 
                                 
Basic earnings per share(3)
 
$
4.83
 
$
3.71
 
$
1.55
 
$
0.24
 
$
0.28
 
Diluted earnings per share(3)
 
$
4.72
 
$
3.58
 
$
1.47
 
$
0.23
 
$
0.28
 
                                 
Dividends per common share(3)
 
$
0.068
 
$
0.068
 
$
0.067
 
$
0.067
 
$
0.067
 
                                 
OTHER DATA:
                               
Shipments (in thousands)(4):
                               
Ferrous recycled metal (tons)
   
1,865
   
1,845
   
1,812
   
1,557
   
1,482
 
Nonferrous (pounds)
   
125,745
   
117,992
   
113,378
   
112,622
   
114,441
 
Finished steel products (tons)
   
593
   
642
   
622
   
569
   
546
 
                                 
Average net selling price(4,5):
                               
Ferrous recycled metal (per ton)
 
$
230
 
$
184
 
$
122
 
$
94
 
$
91
 
Nonferrous (per pound)
 
$
0.56
 
$
0.48
 
$
0.42
 
$
0.36
 
$
0.37
 
Finished steel products (per ton)
 
$
512
 
$
404
 
$
291
 
$
276
 
$
292
 
                                 
Depreciation and amortization
 
$
20.9
 
$
20.4
 
$
19.4
 
$
18.6
 
$
18.8
 
Cash provided by operations
 
$
73.5
 
$
73.2
 
$
40.9
 
$
36.4
 
$
8.6
 
                                 
Number of auto parts stores(6)
   
30
   
26
   
23
   
23
   
23
 
                                 
Joint venture shipments (in thousands):
                               
Ferrous processed (tons)(7)
   
3,913
   
3,582
   
3,323
   
3,700
   
3,400
 
Ferrous traded (tons)(7)
   
3,019
   
2,676
   
1,699
   
1,200
   
1,000
 
                                 


27

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K


   
As of August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
2002
 
2001
 
   
(In millions)
 
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
                     
Working capital
 
$
125.9
 
$
73.1
 
$
72.4
 
$
39.4
 
$
91.4
 
Cash and equivalents
   
20.6
   
11.3
   
1.7
   
32.9
   
1.9
 
Total assets
   
709.5
   
606.0
   
487.9
   
405.0
   
425.9
 
Short-term debt
   
0.1
   
0.2
   
0.2
   
60.2
   
0.2
 
Long-term debt
   
7.7
   
67.8
   
87.0
   
8.3
   
93.8
 
Shareholders’ equity
 
$
579.5
 
$
418.9
 
$
303.0
 
$
252.9
 
$
248.1
 


(1)
The 2003 data includes the Auto Parts Business acquisition, which occurred on February 14, 2003. Please refer to Note 1 and Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The consolidated results include the results of the Auto Parts Business as though the acquisition had occurred at the beginning of fiscal 2003. Adjustments have been made for minority interests, which represents the ownership interests the Company did not own during the reporting period, and pre-acquisition interests, which represents the share of income attributable to the former joint venture partner for the period from September 1, 2002 through February 14, 2003. The financial results of the former auto parts joint venture for all periods prior to fiscal 2003 continue to be accounted for using the equity method and are included in the line “Operating income from joint ventures.”
(2)
Effective September 1, 2002, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No, 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”. As a result, the Company recorded an impairment charge related to goodwill of its Steel Manufacturing Business. Please refer to Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(3)
Basic and diluted earnings per share and dividends per common share have been adjusted to reflect the one-for-one stock dividend paid on August 14, 2003 and the one-for-two stock dividend effected March 25, 2004.
(4)
Tons for ferrous recycled metals are long tons (2,240 pounds) and for finished steel products are short tons (2,000 pounds).
(5)
In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the Company reports revenues that include shipping costs billed to customers. However, average net selling prices are shown net of shipping costs.
(6)
For fiscal years 2002 and 2001, the Auto Parts Business was a component of the Company’s Joint Venture suppliers of metals.
(7)
Joint venture tons shipped represent 100% of the joint venture shipments and not just the Company’s share.
 
ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

The Company operates in three industry segments. The Company’s Metals Recycling Business collects, processes and recycles steel and other metals through its facilities. The Company’s Steel Manufacturing Business operates a mini-mill near Portland, Oregon, which melts recycled metal, produces finished steel products and maintains one mill depot in Southern California and maintains one in Central California. The Company’s Auto Parts Business purchases used and wrecked automobiles and allows retail customers the opportunity of extracting parts for purchase in its self-service auto parts stores, with 17 located in California, three in Canada, two in each of Missouri and Nevada and one store in each of Ohio, Virginia, Texas, Utah, Illinois and Indiana as of August 31, 2005. Additionally, the Company is a non-controlling partner in joint ventures that are suppliers of unprocessed metals and, prior to October 1, 2005, other joint ventures in the metals recycling business. The former joint ventures in the metals recycling business sold recycled metals that had been processed at their facilities (Processing) and also bought and sold third parties’ processed metals (Trading).

28

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations generally discusses only the Company’s historical business and, thus, does not include information related to any of the businesses acquired subsequent to August 31, 2005.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon its consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates.  The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.  These estimates and assumptions provide a basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, and these differences may be material.
 
The Company believes the following critical accounting policies affect its more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements:
 
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market.  Cost is determined using the average cost method. The production and accounting process utilized by the Company to record recycled metals inventory quantities relies on significant estimates.  The Company relies upon perpetual inventory records that utilize estimated recoveries and yields that are based upon historical trends and periodic tests for certain unprocessed metal commodities.  Over time, these estimates are reasonably good indicators of what is ultimately produced; however, actual recoveries and yields can vary depending on product quality, moisture content and source of the unprocessed metal.  To assist in validating the reasonableness of the estimates, the Company not only runs periodic tests, but also performs monthly physical inventories.  Physical inventories may detect significant variations in volume, but because of variations in product density, holding period and production processes utilized to manufacture the product, physical inventories will not necessarily detect significant variances and will seldom detect smaller variations.  To mitigate this risk, the Company adjusts it physical inventories when the volume of a commodity is low and a physical inventory can more accurately predict the remaining volume. In addition, the Company establishes inventory reserves to further mitigate the risk of significant adjustments when determined reasonable.
 
Revenue Recognition 
The Company recognizes revenue when it has a contract or purchase order from a customer with a fixed price, the title and risk of loss transfer to the buyer and collectibility is reasonably assured.  Title for both metals and finished steel products transfers upon shipment based on either cost, insurance and freight (C.I.F). or free on board (F.O.B) terms. For retail sales by the Company’s Auto Parts Business, revenues are recognized when customers pay for salvaged vehicle parts or when wholesale products are shipped to the customer location.
 
Environmental Costs
The Company operates in industries that inherently possess environmental risks.  To manage these risks, the Company employs both its own environmental staff and outside consultants. These consultants, environmental staff and finance personnel meet regularly to stay updated on environmental risks. The Company estimates future costs for known environmental remediation requirements and accrues for them on an undiscounted basis when it is probable that the Company has incurred a liability and the related costs can be reasonably estimated. The regulatory and government management of these projects is extremely complex, which is one of the primary factors that make it difficult to assess the cost of potential and future remediation of potential sites. When only a wide range of estimated amounts can be reasonably established, and no other amount within the range is better than another, the minimum amount of the range is recorded in the financial statements.  Adjustments to the liabilities are made when additional information becomes available that affects the estimated costs to remediate.  In a number of cases, it is possible the Company may receive
 
29

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
reimbursement through prior insurance or from other potentially responsible parties identified in a claim.  In these situations, recoveries of environmental remediation costs from other parties are recorded as an asset when realization of the claim for recovery is deemed probable and reasonably estimable.
 
Goodwill
In assessing the recoverability of goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives, management must make assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors to determine the fair value of the respective assets. If these estimates and related assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to record impairment charges not previously recorded. The Company has adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, and is required to assess goodwill for impairment at a minimum annually, using a two-step process that begins with an estimation of the fair value of the reporting unit. The first step determines whether or not an impairment has occurred and the second step measures the amount of any impairment. These tests utilize fair value amounts that are determined by estimated future cash flows developed by management.

Long-lived Assets
The Company is required to assess potential impairments of long-lived assets in accordance with SFAS 144, Accounting for Impairment of Long-lived Assets, if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impaired asset is written down to its estimated fair value based upon the most recent information available. Estimated fair market value is generally measured by discounting estimated future cash flows developed by management. The Company’s long-lived assets primarily include property, plant and equipment used in operations.

Taxes
Deferred income taxes reflect the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities at year-end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates.  Tax credits are recognized as a reduction of income tax expense in the year the credit arises.  A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards, to the amount more likely than not to be realized. Periodically, the Company reviews the deferred tax assets to assess whether the valuation allowances are necessary.

Results of Operations

During fiscal 2005, the Company’s operations improved significantly, resulting in another record year for revenue and net income.  Both the Company’s Metals Recycling Business and Steel Manufacturing Business recognized marked improvements over last year. As well, the Company’s Joint Ventures in the metals recycling business benefited from rising selling prices to improve their profitability.  In addition, the Auto Parts Business contributed to earnings growth during the year, principally due to new store additions and from rising prices for crushed autobodies and other recycled metal.

The results of operations of the Company depend in large part upon demand and prices for recycled metals in world markets and steel products in the Western United States. Beginning in fiscal 2004, and continuing into the first half of fiscal 2005, strong worldwide demand combined with a tight supply of recycled metals created significant price volatility and drove the Metals Recycling Business’ average selling prices to unprecedented highs. Average selling prices declined in the second half of fiscal 2005, but began to firm and rise again in the late part of the Company’s fourth quarter. Market prices for recycled ferrous metals fluctuate periodically, but have been unusually volatile in the last two years. The higher prices have a significant impact on the results of operations for the wholly-owned operations and Joint Ventures in the metals recycling business and to a lesser extent on the Auto Parts Business.

The Auto Parts Business purchases used and salvaged vehicles, sells parts from those vehicles through its retail facilities and wholesale operations, and sells the crushed autobodies to metal recyclers. The Auto Parts Business acquired four new stores in January 2005, which represents a 15% increase in the number of stores from last year-end. These new stores have led to increases in both retail and wholesale revenues. In addition, revenues for the wholesale product lines are principally affected by commodity metal prices and shipping schedules. The Auto Parts Business benefited from improved pricing for crushed autobodies and other metals as compared to last year. The self-service retail operations
 
30

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
are somewhat seasonal and affected by weather conditions and promotional events. Since the stores are open to the natural elements, during periods of prolonged wet, cold or extreme heat, the retail business tends to slow down due to the difficult customer working conditions. As a result, the Company’s first and third fiscal quarters tend to generate the greatest retail sales and the second and fourth fiscal quarters are the slowest in terms of retail sales.

During the first half of fiscal 2005, West Coast steel manufacturers (including the Company) built inventory levels in anticipation of the spring construction period. Also during the first half of fiscal 2005, many fabricators and steel distributors used the traditionally slow sales period to reduce their inventory levels and purchases of steel products, which reduced sales volumes below normal levels. The second half of 2005 experienced higher sales volume as a result of customers replenishing their reduced inventory levels to prepare for the West Coast construction season, as well as increasing consumption of steel in the Western U.S. Average net selling prices for the Company’s steel products have remained relatively high, increasing by 27% over the prior year. Fluctuations in the scrap metals market pricing have caused buyers of steel to anticipate future price decreases and some have adjusted their buying patterns. In addition, there has been a rise in the amount of imported finished steel products, principally Chinese wire rod, being delivered on the West Coast which have a lower selling price than the Company’s comparable products.

On September 30, 2005, the Company completed the separation and termination of its metals recycling joint ventures with Hugo Neu Corporation. See Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of the agreement.

On September 30, 2005, the Company acquired Greenleaf Auto Recyclers, LLC (“Greenleaf”), five store properties leased by Greenleaf and certain Greenleaf debt obligations.. Greenleaf is engaged in the business of auto dismantling and recycling and sells its products primarily to collision and mechanical repair shops. Greenleaf currently operates in 22 locations throughout the United States. See Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of this transaction.

On October 31, 2005, the Company purchased substantially all the assets of Regional Recycling LLC. Regional operates ten metals recycling facilities located in Georgia and Alabama. See Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of this transaction.

The following tables set forth information regarding the breakdown of revenues between the Company’s Metals Recycling Business, Steel Manufacturing Business and Auto Parts Business, and the breakdown of operating income for the respective segments, as well as joint venture income, Corporate expense and intercompany eliminations. The information does not include any amounts or adjustments related to the joint venture separation or the acquisitions of Greenleaf or Regional. Additional financial information relating to business segments is contained in Note 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

   
Revenues
 
   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
(In millions)
 
   
2005 
 
2004 
 
2003 
 
Metals Recycling Business:
             
Ferrous
 
$
488.2
 
$
392.9
 
$
255.3
 
Nonferrous
   
70.7
   
57.0
   
47.8
 
Other
   
21.2
   
6.4
   
5.5
 
Recycled metals total
   
580.1
   
456.3
   
308.6
 
                     
Auto Parts Business
   
107.8
   
81.5
   
65.2
 
Steel Manufacturing Business
   
315.5
   
271.3
   
191.9
 
Intercompany sales eliminations(3)
   
(150.3
)
 
(120.9
)
 
(68.8
)
Total
 
$
853.1
 
$
688.2
 
$
496.9
 


31

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
   
Operating Income (Loss)
 
   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
(In millions)
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
               
Metals Recycling Business
 
$
123.6
 
$
77.3
 
$
35.8
 
Auto Parts Business
   
29.6
   
26.8
   
22.0
 
Steel Manufacturing Business
   
42.7
   
24.6
   
(2.5
)
JVs in the metals recycling business(1)
   
68.6
   
61.7
   
24.8
 
JV suppliers of metals 
   
1.0
   
(0.1
)
 
(0.4
)
Corporate expense (2)
   
(20.8
)
 
(15.6
)
 
(10.0
)
Intercompany eliminations(3)
   
(0.1
)
 
(4.3
)
 
1.2
 
Environmental matters and impairment charges(4)
   
(12.0
)
 
(3.5
)
 
(2.1
)
Operating Income
 
$
232.6
 
$
166.9
 
$
68.8
 

(1)
Includes year-end LIFO adjustments that increased operating income by $2.8 million in fiscal 2005 and reduced operating income by $6.1 million and $2.2 million in fiscal 2004 and 2003, respectively.
(2)
Corporate expense consists primarily of unallocated corporate expense for services that benefit all three business segments. Because of this unallocated expense, the operating income of each segment does not reflect the operating income the segment would have as a stand-alone business.
(3)
Ferrous recycled metal sales from the Metals Recycling Business to the Steel Manufacturing Business, and autobody sales from the Auto Parts Business to the Metals Recycling Business, are made at negotiated rates per ton that are intended to approximate market. Consequently, these intercompany sales produce intercompany profits, which are eliminated until the finished products are sold to third parties.
(4)
The environmental matters and impairment charges related to the Metals Recycling Business in fiscal 2005 and 2004 and to the Auto Parts Business in fiscal 2003. The amounts are shown separately to assist in understanding the business’ financial results.
 
Fiscal 2005 Compared to Fiscal 2004
Revenues. Consolidated revenues for the year ended August 31, 2005 increased $164.9 million or 24% to $853.1 million from $688.2 million for the prior year. The higher revenues resulted from higher average net selling prices for both the Metals Recycling Business and the Steel Manufacturing Business as well as higher wholesale and retail revenues for the Auto Parts Business. Revenues for fiscal 2005 increased for the Metals Recycling Business primarily as a result of increased prices in the worldwide ferrous metals market. Higher raw material costs and increasing steel consumption drove increases in selling prices for finished steel products sold by the Steel Manufacturing Business. Auto Parts Business revenues benefited from increased prices for sales of autobodies and other recycled metal. In addition, the Auto Parts Business acquired four retail locations in the second quarter of fiscal 2005 that added both revenue and operating income to the segment over the prior year.

The Metals Recycling Business generated revenues of $580.1 million for fiscal 2005, before intercompany eliminations, which was an increase of $123.8 million or 27% over the prior year. Ferrous revenues increased $95.3 million, or 24% to $488.2 million as a result of higher average selling prices net of shipping cost (average net selling prices), higher shipping costs and a slight increase in the volume sold. The average net sales price for ferrous metals increased 25% to $230 per ton, which represents $86.3 million of the revenue increase over the prior year. The cost of freight that was included in revenues increased by $5.3 million over the prior year due primarily to higher ocean chartering costs. Export shipping costs were volatile in fiscal 2005 and increased 9% on average over the prior year. Total ferrous sales volumes increased slightly by approximately 20,000 tons or 1%, which represents $3.7 million of the revenue increase over the prior year. The Company’s Portland, Oregon dock is under renovation (see “Environmental Matters and Impairment Charges” below) and is expected to be out of service until the spring of 2006. The closure of this dock since March 2005 has prevented the Company from moving bulk export shipments from this facility. However, the Company has made operational adjustments to partially offset the impact of the closure.
 
32

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
Sales to the Steel Manufacturing Business increased by 8,000 tons or 1% to 625,000 tons due to increased steel production as a result of the new furnace installed in December 2004 partially offset by reduced sales during the furnace replacement shut-down. Nonferrous revenue increased $13.7 million or 24% to $70.7 million due to higher average selling prices and higher volumes. The average net nonferrous selling price in fiscal 2005 was $0.56 per pound, an increase of $0.08 per pound or 17%. In addition, sales volume increased 7% to 125.7 million pounds. The increases in average selling price and volume are related to strong worldwide demand, especially from Asia, and improved by-product recoveries of nonferrous metals from the ferrous metals shredding process.

In fiscal 2005, the Metals Recycling Business also recognized other revenues of $21.2 million, an increase of $14.8 million over other revenues for fiscal 2004. The majority of the increase relates to the recording of certain sales by the Company’s Asian subsidiary. Typically, this subsidiary serves as a broker and, as a result, any revenues recorded are normally limited to brokerage commissions. In fiscal 2005, the subsidiary made sales of pig iron as a dealer. Thus, the sales proceeds are included in revenues while the related cost is included in the Company’s cost of goods sold for fiscal 2005.

The Auto Parts Business generated revenue of $107.8 million, before intercompany eliminations, for the year ended August 31, 2005, which is an increase of $26.3 million or 32% over the prior year. This increase was a result of higher wholesale revenues driven by higher average sales prices for scrapped autobodies due to rising ferrous recycled metal prices and higher prices and volumes for wholesale parts. In addition, retail revenues increased as a result of the acquisition of four retail store locations in January 2005.

The Steel Manufacturing Business generated revenues of $315.5 million for the year ended August 31, 2005, which was an increase of $44.2 million, or 16%, over the prior fiscal year. The average net selling price increased $108 per ton, or 27% to $512 per ton, which represents a $63.5 million increase in revenue. The increase in average net selling prices was due to a combination of factors including increased worldwide steel consumption and higher raw material costs that manufacturers passed through in the form of higher prices. However, sales volumes decreased 8% to 593,000 tons, which reduced revenues by $20.0 million. The lower sales volume was primarily due to abnormally high inventory levels held by fabricators and distributors of steel during the first half of fiscal 2005. Many of the Company’s customers used the normal seasonal decline in consumption during the winter months to reduce their inventory levels.

Cost of Goods Sold. Consolidated cost of goods sold increased $89.4 million or 17% for the year ended August 31, 2005, compared with last fiscal year. Cost of goods sold decreased as a percentage of revenues from 78% to 73%. Gross profit increased $75.5 million to $230.2 million during the latest fiscal year compared to fiscal 2004, driven by profit improvements at the Company’s Metals Recycling, Auto Parts and Steel Manufacturing Business segments.

Cost of goods sold for the Metals Recycling Business increased $77.6 million or 21% to $438.7 million. As a percentage of revenues, cost of goods sold decreased compared with fiscal 2004 from 79% to 76%. Gross profit increased by $46.2 million to $141.4 million. The increase in gross profit was primarily attributable to higher average net selling prices per ton, the decrease in cost of goods sold as a percent of revenue and positive inventory adjustments. Cost of goods sold was reduced by $7.5 million in net inventory adjustments compared to $3.3 million in inventory adjustments in fiscal 2004. During fiscal 2005, several piles of ferrous metal inventory were fully utilized revealing higher inventory volumes than the Company had previously estimated, resulting in a net decrease in cost of goods sold. Compared with last year, the average ferrous metals cost of sales per ton increased 22% due primarily to higher purchase costs for unprocessed ferrous metals. Generally, a change in the cost of unprocessed metal has a strong correlation to changes in the average selling price. Thus, as selling prices rose compared with the last year, so did the cost of unprocessed ferrous metal.

The Auto Parts Business’ cost of goods sold increased $19.0 million or 41% for the year ended August 31, 2005 as compared to the prior fiscal year. The higher cost of sales was primarily due to higher car purchase costs that resulted from higher scrap metal prices and the addition of seven new stores since the beginning of fiscal 2004. New stores that are not located in California tend to have higher cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenues. As a percentage of revenues, cost of goods sold increased from 57% to 61% as compared to the prior year due to higher car purchase costs and the addition of the seven new stores since the beginning of last year which earn a lower margin than the previously
 
33

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
owned stores. Gross profit increased $7.3 million or 21% related to increased wholesale revenue earned from the higher market rates for scrap metals and the addition of seven new stores since the beginning of last year.

The Steel Manufacturing Business’ cost of goods sold increased $26.5 million or 11% to $268.9 million. As a percentage of revenues, cost of goods sold decreased compared with fiscal 2004 from 89% to 85%. The average cost of goods sold per ton increased $76 per ton or 20% compared to the prior year, which was primarily caused by higher raw material costs for recycled metal and alloys and an estimated $5 million in costs resulting from the melt shop shut down in December 2004 to install the new furnace. The increase in cost of sales was more than offset by the $108 per ton increase in average net selling price, and gross profit improved by $17.7 million, to $46.6 million for fiscal 2005.

Operating Income from Joint Ventures. The Company’s joint ventures’ revenues and results of operations were as follows (in thousands):

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
Total revenues from external customers recognized by:
         
Joint Ventures in the metals recycling business:
         
Processing
 
$
1,275,668
 
$
1,038,373
 
Trading
   
911,535
   
489,030
 
Joint Venture suppliers of metals
   
18,257
   
12,644
 
   
$
2,205,460
 
$
1,540,047
 
               
Operating income from joint ventures recognized by the Company:
             
Joint Ventures in the metals recycling business
 
$
68,582
 
$
61,672
 
Joint Venture suppliers of metals
   
1,048
   
(101
)
   
$
69,630
 
$
61,571
 

Revenues for the Joint Ventures in the metals recycling business segment in fiscal 2005 increased $659.8 million or 43% compared with the same period last year primarily due to 18% and 13% increases in average net selling prices per ton for the processing and trading businesses, respectively, and an 11% increase in the total volume of ferrous recycled metal sold, over the prior year. The increase in the average net selling price per ton was due to the same supply and demand circumstances described earlier for the Company’s wholly-owned businesses.

The Company’s share of Joint Venture operating income for fiscal 2005 increased to $69.6 million from $61.6 million for fiscal 2004. In fiscal 2005, the processing joint ventures recorded year-end LIFO adjustments which increased operating income by $2.8 million, while such adjustments reduced operating income by $6.1 million in fiscal 2004. Additionally, these joint ventures experienced higher purchase prices for unprocessed metals, the effect of which was partially offset by increases in selling prices and volumes. The Company’s share of joint venture operating income in fiscal 2005 included a charge of $2.6 million for its share of environmental costs. During the second quarter of fiscal 2005, in connection with the negotiation of the separation and termination of the Company’s metals recycling Joint Ventures with Hugo Neu Corporation, the Company conducted an environmental due diligence investigation of certain joint venture businesses it agreed to acquire and identified certain environmental risks for which estimated remediation costs were accrued. The Company’s share of operating income from the trading joint venture decreased from $11.3 million in fiscal 2004 to $9.1 million in fiscal 2005, a 19% decrease.

On September 30, 2005, the Company completed the separation and termination of its metals recycling joint ventures with Hugo Neu Corporation. See Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of the agreement. Accordingly, fiscal 2006 will only include one month of operating income for Joint Ventures in the metals recycling business.
 
34

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

Selling, General and Administrative Expense. Compared with fiscal 2004, selling, general and administrative expense for this fiscal year increased $9.4 million or 20%. The increase is a result of increased salaries of $2.3 million, increased legal and professional fees of $5.6 million, the vesting of stock options for $1.0 million, and increased selling and administrative costs of $2.7 million for the Auto Parts Business segment, primarily related to new stores, offset by a $3.4 million decrease in expense for the Company’s bonus program. Approximately $1.1 million of the increased salaries are related to the Auto Parts Business, primarily due to expansion of its management infrastructure to allow growth of this business segment. The increase in legal and professional fees is the result of approximately $4.0 million incurred related to the investigations into the past practice of making improper payments to customers in Asia, as discussed in Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, with an additional $1.6 million spent on compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley, including increased independent audit fees, and the use of outside experts to advise or assist the Company in various projects. The Company’s bonus program considers operating income, the utilization of operating assets and improvements over the prior year to determine bonus expense. The Company’s anticipated bonus expense is less than the prior year because some of the Company’s business segments’ results did not exceed targeted improvements in fiscal 2005 to the same extent as in fiscal 2004. As a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expense has decreased by 0.2% percentage points, from 6.7% to 6.5% due to spreading these expenses over higher revenues.

Environmental Matters and Impairment Charges. During fiscal 2005, the Company recorded environmental charges of $13.5 million for additional estimated costs related to the ongoing remediation of the head of the Hylebos Waterway adjacent to the Company’s Tacoma, Washington metals processing facility. An estimate of this liability was initially recognized as part of the 1995 acquisition of the Tacoma facility. The cost estimate was based on the assumption that dredge removal of contaminated sediments would be accomplished within one dredge season during July 2004 - February 2005. However, due to a variety of factors, including dredge contractor operational issues and other dredge related delays, the dredging was not completed during the first dredge season. As a result, the Company increased its environmental accrual by $13.5 million primarily to account for additional estimated costs to complete this work during a second dredging season. The Company has filed a lawsuit against the dredge contractor to recover a significant portion of the increased costs. However, generally accepted accounting principles do not allow the Company to recognize the benefits of any such recovery until receipt is highly probable.

For a number of years prior to the Company’s acquisition of Proler International Corp. (Proler), Proler operated an industrial waste landfill in Texas, which Proler utilized to dispose of auto shredder residue from one of its operations. In August 2002, Proler entered the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) Voluntary Cleanup Program (VCP) toward the pursuit of the VCP Certificate of Completion for the former landfill site. In fiscal 2005, TCEQ issued a Conditional Certificate of Completion, requiring the Company to perform on-going groundwater monitoring and annual inspections, maintenance and reporting. As a result of the resolution of this issue, the Company reduced its reserve related to this site by $1.6 million.

During fiscal 2002, the Company’s Portland, Oregon metals recycling facility embarked on a dock and loading facility renovation. The renovation was suspended in fiscal 2003 when issues with the dock’s substructure were detected. Upon review of new engineering designs focused on operational efficiency and safety specifications, an impairment charge of $3.5 million was recorded in fiscal 2004 to write off renovation costs incurred prior to the suspension.

Interest Expense. Interest expense for fiscal 2005 decreased 59% to $0.8 million compared with fiscal 2004. The decrease was a result of lower average debt balances during fiscal 2005 compared with fiscal 2004.

Income Tax Provision. The 35.3% tax rate for fiscal 2005 was higher than the 31% for fiscal 2004 primarily because the fiscal 2004 tax rate benefited from the final release of a valuation allowance that had previously offset net operating losses and minimum tax credit carryforwards. The 35.3% rate approximates the 35% Federal statutory rate because projected Extraterritorial Income Exclusion (ETI) benefits on export sales are largely offset by state and other income taxes.

35

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

Fiscal 2004 Compared to Fiscal 2003

Revenues. Consolidated revenues increased $191.4 million (39%) to $688.2 million for fiscal 2004 compared with fiscal 2003. Revenues in fiscal 2004 increased for all Company businesses primarily as a result of increased prices and demand in the worldwide ferrous metals market, including the addition of new export customers located outside of China. Significant improvements in demand coupled with lower steel imports led to increases in selling prices for finished steel products sold by the Steel Manufacturing Business. The Auto Parts Business benefited from the increased ferrous metals prices in its sales of autobodies. In addition, the Auto Parts Business acquired three retail locations in Canada that added revenue and operating income to the segment.

The Metals Recycling Business generated revenues of $456.3 million, before intercompany eliminations, which is an increase of $147.7 million (48%). Ferrous revenues increased $137.8 million (54%) to $393.0 million as a result of higher average selling prices net of shipping cost (average net selling prices), higher shipping costs billed to customers and a slight increase in the volume sold. The average net selling price of ferrous recycled metal increased $62 per ton, or 51%, to $184 per ton which represents $111.8 million of the revenue increase. Average export shipping costs increased 57% over the prior year and represent $19.9 million of the revenue increase. In addition, ferrous sales volumes increased 1.8% or 33,000 tons which represents $4.1 million of the increase in ferrous revenue. Export volume is up 1.1% over prior year. Moreover, over 60% of the Company’s total ferrous sales were export shipments to Asia in the last two fiscal years. In fiscal 2004, ferrous export sales to China decreased to 34% of the total ferrous exports compared to more than 60% in fiscal 2003. In addition, ferrous export sales to South Korea increased to approximately 53% of total ferrous export sales in fiscal 2004 compared to 28% of ferrous export sales in fiscal 2003. New customers in Thailand and India purchased 10% of the Company’s export sales volume in fiscal 2004.

Sales volume to the Company’s Steel Manufacturing Business increased 15% to 618,000 tons due to increased demand in this finished steel business. Nonferrous revenues increased $9.2 million (19%) to $57.0 million due primarily to higher average prices. The average net nonferrous selling price in fiscal 2004 was $0.48 per pound, an increase of $0.06 per pound from fiscal 2003.

The Auto Parts Business generated revenue of $81.5 million, before intercompany eliminations, which is an increase of $16.3 million or 25% from prior year. This increase is a result of higher wholesale revenues driven by higher average sales prices for scrapped autobodies due to rising ferrous recycled metal prices and the March 2004 acquisition of three retail store locations in Canada.
 
The Steel Manufacturing Business’ generated revenues of $271.3 million, which is an increase of $79.4 million or 41% from prior year. Sales prices increased $113 per ton or 39% which represents $70.7 million of the increase and sales volumes increased 3% which represents $5.9 million of the revenue increase. The increase in selling prices are a combination of increased demand and passing along rapidly rising raw materials.

Cost of Goods Sold. Consolidated cost of goods sold increased $117.4 million or 28% over the prior year. Cost of goods sold decreased as a percentage of revenue from 84% in fiscal 2003 to 78% in fiscal 2004. The reduction in cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue is due to profit improvements at all of the Company’s business segments, led by the Steel Manufacturing Business.

Cost of goods sold for the Metal Recycling Business increased $102.2 million or 39% to $361.1 million. The cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenues decreased from 84% in fiscal 2003 to 79% in fiscal 2004. Gross profit increased by $45.6 million to $95.2 million for the year. The increase in gross profit was attributable to higher average net selling prices per ton. Compared with fiscal 2003, the average ferrous metals cost of sales per ton increased 40% due primarily to higher purchase costs for unprocessed ferrous metals and higher export sales shipping costs. Generally, the change in the cost of unprocessed metal has a strong correlation to changes in the average selling price; however there is generally a delay in the timing between changes in net selling prices and the change in the cost of unprocessed metal. Thus, as selling prices rose compared with last year, so did the cost of unprocessed metal. Since purchase costs did not increase at the same rate as selling prices, we experienced significant increases in margins.
 
36

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
The Auto Parts Business’ cost of goods sold increased $10.2 million or 28% over the prior year. As a percentage of revenue, cost of goods sold increased from 55% to 57%. This increase was due to higher car purchase costs and increases in labor costs. Gross profit increased $6.1 million or 21% over the prior year due to increased revenue.

Cost of goods sold for the Steel Manufacturing Business increased $51.5 million or 27% to $242.5 million. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenues in fiscal 2004 decreased to 89% from 100% in fiscal 2003. The decrease in cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue is attributable to higher average selling prices, higher sales volumes and the receipt of the final $1.8 million electrode price fixing settlement, offset by a $1.1 million pension charge. Average cost of goods sold per ton increased $69 per ton or 24% compared to the prior fiscal year. As this increase in cost of sales per ton was more than offset by the $114 per ton increase in average net selling price, gross profit improved by $27.9 million in fiscal 2004 compared to fiscal 2003.

Impairment and Other Nonrecurring Charges
During fiscal 2002, the Company’s Portland, Oregon metals recycling facility embarked on a dock and loading facility renovation. The renovation was suspended in fiscal 2003 when issues with the dock’s substructure were detected. Upon review of new engineering designs focused on operational efficiency and safety specifications, an impairment charge of $3.5 million was recorded in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2004 to write-off renovation costs incurred prior to the suspension.

In connection with the acquisition of the Auto Parts Business, the Company conducted an environmental due diligence investigation. Based upon new information obtained in this investigation, the Joint Venture accrued $2.1 million in environmental liabilities in the second quarter of fiscal 2003 for remediation costs at the Auto Parts Business’s store locations. No environmental proceedings are pending at any of these sites.

Operating Income from Joint Ventures. The Company’s joint ventures’ revenues and results of operations were as follows (in thousands):

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2004
 
2003
 
Total revenues from external customers recognized by:
         
Joint Ventures in the metals recycling business:
         
Processing
 
$
1,038,373
 
$
616,958
 
Trading
   
489,030
   
251,431
 
Joint Venture suppliers of metals
   
12,644
   
8,877
 
   
$
1,540,047
 
$
877,266
 
               
Operating income from joint ventures recognized by the Company:
             
Joint Ventures in the metals recycling business
 
$
61,672
 
$
24,827
 
Joint Venture suppliers of metals
   
(101
)
 
(406
)
   
$
61,571
 
$
24,421
 

The increase in revenues recognized by the joint ventures in the metals recycling business is attributable to higher average net ferrous selling prices and higher volumes. Shipments of ferrous metal processed by the joint ventures were 3.6 million tons for the year ended August 31, 2004 compared with 3.3 million tons in the prior year. The volume of ferrous metal traded by the joint ventures increased to 2.7 million tons in fiscal 2004 compared to 1.7 million tons in the prior year, which came primarily from increased market share in Mexico and Latin America coupled with product line expansion into other scrap metal related commodities. The average net selling price of ferrous recycled metal increased during that period to $187 per ton from $118 per ton, due to the same worldwide supply and demand factors affecting the wholly-owned Metals Recycling Business.


37

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

In fiscal 2004, the Company’s share of income from Joint Ventures in the metals recycling business increased to $61.7 million due to higher average net selling prices, increased margins and more efficient operations, benefiting from similar market factors and pricing as described in the discussion above relating to the Company’s wholly-owned Metals Recycling Business. The Company’s joint ventures with Hugo Neu Corporation earned nearly all of this operating income. The Company’s share of operating income from the global trading joint venture increased from $2.3 million in fiscal 2003 to $11.3 million in fiscal 2004. The Company’s share of joint venture operating income in fiscal 2004 also included an estimated $3.4 million from a joint venture contract with New York City for the processing and disposal of curbside recycling materials that commenced in April 2004. Operating income in fiscal 2004 was reduced by $6.1 million representing the Company’s share of the joint venture LIFO inventory adjustment compared with a reduction of $2.2 million in fiscal 2003.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $11.6 million over fiscal 2003. The higher expenses were due to higher bonus expense, increased spending on Sarbanes-Oxley compliance and professional fees and increased advertising expenses in the Auto Parts Business. The Company’s bonus plan is based upon the principles of Economic Value Added (EVA) and is directly tied to the financial performance of the Company. Given the Company’s record financial performance in fiscal 2004, bonus expense was significantly higher in fiscal 2004 than in fiscal 2003.

Interest Expense. In fiscal 2004, interest expense increased $0.3 million compared to fiscal 2003 due to higher average debt balances during fiscal 2004.

Income Tax Provision. The 31% tax rate for fiscal 2004 compares with a tax rate of 27% for fiscal 2003. The increase in tax rate is primarily attributable to a reduction in estimated Extraterritorial Income Exclusion (ETI) tax benefits on export sales, an increase partially offset by the reversal of the $6.1 million deferred tax valuation allowance associated with Net Operating Loss and minimum tax credit carryforwards.

Liquidity and Capital Resources. 
For fiscal 2005, cash generated from operations was $73.5 million, compared to $73.2 million in fiscal 2004. The slight change in cash flow from operations was primarily related to an improvement in net income and changes in deferred taxes, offset by a decrease due to changes in the Company’s accrued liabilities balance related to income taxes and payroll, a slight increase in non-cash joint venture income, an increase in prepaid expenses primarily related to the Company’s refundable and prepaid income tax balances at the end of fiscal 2005, a reduction in accounts payable balances due to timing of payments, a decline in accrued expenses, and an increase in inventories due to rising procurement costs and volumes.

Capital expenditures totaled $48.2 million, $22.2 million, and $21.8 million for fiscal years 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The capital expenditures in fiscal 2005 included $4.5 million in partial payments on the new mega-shredder at the Company’s Oakland, California export facility, $20 million for the purchase of leased property housing the Company’s Portland, Oregon metals recycling facility (see Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), $1.4 million for major repairs to the dock at that facility and $2.8 million for installation of a new furnace at the Steel Manufacturing Business. The Company anticipates that fiscal 2006 capital expenditures will be approximately $80.0 million. Capital projects are expected to include installation of a mega-shredder and completion of the dock repairs at the Portland facility, installation of a mega-shredder at and general modernization of the Everett facility and installation of a mega-shredder at the Oakland facility. Additionally, the Company will incur expenditures to convert certain Greenleaf stores from full-service to self-service and modernize stores in the Auto Parts Business.

The Company had $23.5 million of accrued environmental liabilities as of August 31, 2005. Over the next 12 months, the Company expects to pay approximately $7.5 million, primarily relating to previously accrued remediation projects in connection with one of its metals recycling facilities located in the State of Washington on the Hylebos Waterway. Additionally, the Company expects to require significant future cash outlays as it incurs the actual costs relating to the remediation of other such environmental liabilities.

38

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
As of August 31, 2005, the Company had a committed unsecured bank credit facility totaling $150 million maturing in May 2006. The Company also has additional unsecured credit lines totaling $20 million, which are uncommitted. The Company’s debt agreements have certain restrictive covenants. As of August 31, 2005, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under these facilities and was in compliance with such covenants.

On November 8, 2005, the Company amended and restated its committed bank credit agreement which increased the size of the borrowing facility to $400 million and extended the term to November 2010. The agreement has certain restrictive covenants.

In July 2002, the Company’s metals recycling joint ventures with Hugo Neu Corporation entered into a revolving credit facility (JV Credit Facility) with a group of banks for working capital and general corporate purposes. During February 2004, the facility was increased to $110 million. As of August 31, 2005, there was no debt outstanding under the JV Credit Facility. The JV Credit Facility was terminated upon the separation of the Hugo Neu Schnitzer joint ventures on September 30, 2005.

On September 30, 2005, the Company acquired Greenleaf Auto Recyclers, LLC (‘Greenleaf’), five store properties leased by Greenleaf and certain Greenleaf debt obligations. Greenleaf is engaged in the business of auto dismantling and recycling and sells its products primarily to collision and mechanical repair shops. Greenleaf currently operates in 22 locations throughout the United States. Total consideration for the acquisition was $44 million, subject to post-closing adjustments.

Upon the closing of the agreement for the separation and termination of the Company’s joint ventures with Hugo Neu Corporation (HNC) on September 30, 2005, HNC paid the Company $52.3 million in cash, which is subject to post-closing adjustments. The Company also received approximately $1.5 million for previously undistributed earnings of the joint ventures net of the Company’s share of outstanding borrowings under the JV Credit Facility as of that date. In addition, the Company received $72.8 million in cash distributions from its joint ventures during fiscal 2005.

On October 31, 2005, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Regional Recycling LLC (‘Regional Recycling’), a metals recycling business with ten facilities located in Georgia and Alabama. The purchase price was $65.5 million in cash and the assumption of certain liabilities.

Consideration for the recently acquired businesses has been funded by the Company’s existing cash balances and credit facility. The Company expects to record estimated environmental liabilities as a result of due diligence performed in connection with these acquisitions.


39

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

The Company has certain contractual obligations to make future payments. The following table summarizes these future obligations as of August 31, 2005 (in thousands):

Contractual Obligations
 
Payments Due By Period
 
   
 
Total
 
Less than
1 Year
 
1-3
Years
 
4-5
Years
 
After 5
Years
 
Long-term debt(1)
 
$
7,795
 
$
71
 
$
24
 
$
--
 
$
7,700
 
Interest payments on long-
term debt
   
2,893
   
189
   
377
   
377
   
1,950
 
Operating leases
   
36,841
   
7,123
   
11,559
   
9,017
   
9,142
 
 
Purchase obligations:
                               
Gas contract(2)
   
33,056
   
8,815
   
17,630
   
6,611
   
 
Electric contract(3)
   
11,524
   
1,894
   
3,789
   
3,789
   
2,052
 
                                 
Other long-term liabilities
on Balance Sheet:
                 
Environmental liabilities
   
23,504
   
7,542
   
4,079
   
400
   
11,483
 
Long-term supplemental
retirement plan liability
   
1,988
   
145
   
271
   
245
   
1,327
 
Other accrued liabilities
   
1,590
   
   
1,000
   
590
   
 
Total
 
$
119,191
 
$
25,779
 
$
38,729
 
$
21,029
 
$
33,654
 


(1) 
The Company has a $400 million credit facility expiring in November 2010 with a group of banks for working capital and other general purposes. The facility replaced a facility of $150 million that existed at August 31, 2005.
(2)
The Steel Manufacturing Business has a take-or-pay natural gas contract with IGI Resources that requires a minimum purchase of 3,500 MMBTU per day at tiered pricing, whether or not the amount is utilized. The natural gas price as of August 31, 2005 was $6.62 MMBTU. The rate increased to $6.90 on November 1, 2005. Any amount that is not utilized may be resold to IGI Resources. The contract expires on May 31, 2009.
(3)
The Steel Manufacturing Business has an electricity contract with McMinnville Water and Light that requires a minimum purchase of electricity at a rate subject to variable pricing, whether or not the amount is utilized. The contract expires in September 2011.

Pursuant to a stock repurchase program approved in 1996, the Company is authorized to repurchase up to 3.0 million shares of its stock when management believes such repurchases would enhance shareholder value. Management evaluates long and short range forecasts as well as anticipated sources and uses of cash before determining the course of action that would best enhance shareholder value. As a result, during Fiscal 2004 and 2005, the Company has made significant investments in capital equipment and has completed several acquisitions to grow the business and enhance shareholder value. During fiscal year 2005, the Company made no share repurchases. As of August 31, 2005, the Company had repurchased a total of 1.3 million shares under this program.

The Company makes contributions to a defined benefit pension plan, several defined contribution plans and several multiemployer pension plans. Contributions vary depending on the plan and are based upon plan provisions, actuarial valuations and negotiated labor agreements. The Company anticipates making contributions of approximately $5.0 million to the various pension plans in fiscal 2006. This amount excludes any contributions that may be made for the businesses acquired subsequent to August 31, 2005. Additionally, the Company anticipates further contributions to one of the multiemployer plans of the Steel Manufacturing Business as discussed further under “Post Retirement Benefits” in “Factors That Could Affect Future Results” below.

Historically, the Company’s available cash resources, internally generated funds, credit facilities and equity offerings have financed its acquisitions, capital expenditures, working capital and other financing needs.

40

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

The Company believes its current cash resources, internally generated funds, existing credit facilities and access to the capital markets will provide adequate financing for acquisitions, capital expenditures, working capital, joint ventures, stock repurchases, debt service requirements, post retirement obligations and future environmental obligations for the next twelve months. In the longer term, the Company may seek to finance business expansion with additional borrowing arrangements or additional equity financing.
 
Factors That Could Affect Future Results. This Form 10-K, including Item 1 of Part l and Item 7 of Part II, contains forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Act of 1934, that are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. One can generally identify these forward-looking statements because they contain “expect,”“believe,”“anticipate,”“estimate” and other words which convey a similar meaning. One can also identify these statements as they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Examples of factors affecting the Company that could cause actual results to differ materially are the following:

Cyclicality and General Market Considerations: Purchase and selling prices for recycled metals are highly cyclical in nature and subject to worldwide economic conditions. In addition, the cost and availability of recycled metals are subject to global supply and demand conditions which are volatile and beyond the Company’s control, resulting in periodic fluctuations in recycled metals prices and working capital requirements. While the Company attempts to maintain and grow margins by responding to changing recycled metals selling prices through adjustments to its metals purchase prices, the Company’s ability to do so is limited by competitive and other market factors. Additionally, changing prices could potentially impact the volume of recycled metal available to the Company, the subsequent volume of processed metal sold by the Company, inventory levels and the timing of collections and levels relating to the Company’s accounts receivable balances. Moreover, increases in recycled metals selling prices can adversely affect the operating results of the Company’s Steel Manufacturing Business because increases in steel prices generally lag increases in ferrous recycled metals prices.

The steel industry is also highly cyclical in nature and sensitive to general economic conditions. Future economic downturns or a stagnant economy may adversely affect the performance of the Company.

The Company expects to continue to experience seasonal fluctuations in its revenues and net income. Revenues can fluctuate significantly quarter to quarter due to factors such as the seasonal slowdown in the construction industry, which is an important buyer of the Company’s finished steel products. Weather and economic conditions in the United States and abroad can also cause fluctuations in revenue and net income. Another factor which may affect revenues relates to the seasonal reduction in demand from foreign customers who tend to reduce their finished steel production and corresponding scrap metal requirements during the summer months to offset higher energy costs.

The Company makes a number of large ferrous recycled metals shipments to foreign steel producers each year. Customer requirements, shipping schedules and other factors limit the Company’s control over the timing of these shipments. Variations in the number of foreign shipments from quarter to quarter will result in fluctuations in quarterly revenues and earnings. The Company’s expectations regarding ferrous metal sales prices and volumes, as well as earnings, are based in part on a number of assumptions which are difficult to predict (for example, uncertainties relating to customer orders, metal availability, estimated freight rates, ship availability, cost and volume of unprocessed inventory and production output, etc.).

The Auto Parts Business experiences modest seasonal fluctuations in demand. The retail stores are open to the elements. During periods of extreme temperatures and precipitation, customers tend to delay their purchases and wait for milder conditions. As a result, retail sales are generally higher during the spring and fall of each calendar year and lower in the winter and summer months.

As a percentage of revenue, the Auto Parts’ Business’ wholesale sales, including sales of autobodies as well as cores, such as engines, transmissions, alternators and other nonferrous metals, have continued to grow in the past few years. Due to the nature of the wholesale business, which is more closely tied to the prices for recycled metals, the Auto
 
41

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
Parts Business’ results are increasingly subject to the volatility in the global recycled metals market more than they had been historically.

Additionally, the Auto Parts Business is subject to a number of other risks that could prevent it from maintaining or exceeding its current levels of profitability, such as volatile supply and demand conditions affecting prices and volumes in the markets for its products, services and raw materials; environmental issues; local and worldwide economic conditions; increasing competition; changes in automotive technology; the ultimate success of the Company’s growth and acquisition plans; ability to build the infrastructure to support the Company’s growth plans; and integration issues of the full-service business model.

Backlog: Historically, the Company has generally entered into export ferrous sales contracts by selling forward 60 to 90 days.  By knowing the price at which the processed material will be sold and the costs involved in processing the metals, the Company has generally been able to take advantage of this differential in timing between purchases and sales and negotiate prices with suppliers that secure profitable transactions. On August 31, 2005, the Historical Metals Recycling Business had a backlog of firm orders of $37.3 million, as compared to $78.7 million on August 31, 2004 for export ferrous metal shipments. The timing of forward contracts may impact the Company’s revenues on a quarter-to-quarter basis as well as profitability on export shipments of ferrous metals. 

Competition: The recycled metals industry is highly competitive, with the volume of purchases and sales subject to a number of competitive factors, principally price. The Company competes with both large and numerous smaller companies in its markets for the purchase of recyclable metals. The Company also competes with a number of domestic and foreign recycled metals processors and brokers for processed and unprocessed metal as well as for sales to domestic and foreign customers. For example, in 2001 and 2002, lower cost ferrous recycled metals supplies from certain foreign countries adversely affected market selling prices for ferrous recycled metals. Since then, many of these countries have imposed export restrictions which have significantly reduced their export volumes and lowered the worldwide supply of ferrous recycled metals. These restrictions are believed to have had a positive effect on the Company’s selling prices. Given the intricacies in which the global markets operate, the Company cannot predict when or if foreign countries will change their trading policies and what effect, if any, such changes might have on the Company’s operating results.

From time to time, both the United States and foreign governments impose regulations and restrictions on trade in the markets in which the Company operates. In fiscal 2005, the Company received a certificate from China that allows the Company to continue shipping recycled metals into China. The certificate is part of a process designed to ensure safe industrial and agricultural production in China. It is not unusual for various constituencies to petition government entities to impose new restrictions or change current laws. If imposed, these restrictions could affect the Company’s margins as well as its ability to ship goods to foreign customers. Alternatively, restrictions could also affect the global availability of ferrous recycled metals, thereby affecting the Company’s volumes and margins. As a result, it is difficult to predict what, if any, impact pending or future trade restrictions will have on the operations of the Company.

For the Metals Recycling Business, some of the more significant domestic competitors include regional steel mills and their brokers who compete for recycled metal for the purpose of providing the mill with feedstock to produce finished steel. During periods when market supplies of metal are in short supply, these buyers may, at times, react by raising buying prices to levels that are not reasonable in relation to more normal market conditions. As a result, the Company may have to raise its buying prices to maintain its production levels which may result in compressed margins.

The Auto Parts Business competes with both full-service and self-service auto dismantlers as well as larger well financed more traditional retail auto parts chains for retail customers. Periodically, the Auto Parts Business increases prices, which may affect customer flow and buying patterns. Additionally, in markets where the Company has only a few stores, it does not have the same pricing power it experiences in markets where it has more than one store in which it operates. As this segment expands, the Company may experience new competition from others attempting to replicate the Company’s business model. The ultimate impact of these dynamics cannot be predicted. Also, the business competes for its automobile inventory with other dismantlers, used car dealers, auto auctions and metal recyclers. Inventory costs can fluctuate significantly depending on market conditions and prices for recycled metal.
 
42

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
The domestic steel industry also is highly competitive. Steel prices can be highly volatile and price is a significant competitive factor. The Company competes domestically with several steel producers in the Western United States for sales of its products. In recent years, the Company has experienced significant foreign competition, which is sometimes subsidized by large government agencies. There can be no assurance that such competition will not increase in the future. In the spring of 2002, the U.S. Government imposed anti-dumping and countervailing duties against wire rod products from eight foreign countries. These duties have assisted the Company in increasing sales of wire rod products; any expiration or termination of the duties could have a corresponding adverse effect. The Company has experienced increased competition for certain products, principally Chinese wire rod, by foreign importers during fiscal 2005. The Company believes that the rise in import levels is attributable to the increase in selling prices in the West Coast market, which potentially allow the import sales to be more profitable to the foreign companies.

The steel manufacturing industry has been consolidating over the last several years and, as a result, one West Coast manufacturing facility has been closed and remains idle. Any future start-up of operations of the currently idle facility could negatively impact the Company’s recycled metal and finished steel markets, prices, margins and, potentially, cash flow.

In general, given the unprecedented profitability levels of the Company and other recycled metals and steel companies over the last two years, competitors may be attracted to the Company’s markets,, which may adversely affect the Company’s ability to protect its profit margins.

Geographical Concentration: The Company competes in the scrap metal business through its Metals Recycling Business.  Over the last few years, a significant portion of the revenues and operating profits earned by this business has been generated from sales to Asian countries, principally China and South Korea.  In addition, the Company’s sales in these countries are also concentrated with relatively few customers that vary depending on buying cycles and general market conditions The Company’s sales have expanded to a broader geographic area with recent business acquisitions. As always, a significant change in buying patterns, change in political events, change in regulatory requirements, tariffs and other export restrictions within the United States or these foreign countries, severe weather conditions or general changes in economic conditions could adversely affect the financial results of the Company. 

Pending Investigation: As discussed in Part I, Item 3 “Legal Proceedings” in this Form 10-K, the Board of Directors authorized the Audit Committee to engage independent counsel and conduct a thorough, independent investigation of the Company’s past practice of making improper payments to the purchasing managers of customers in Asia in connection with export sales of recycled ferrous metals. The Board of Directors also authorized and directed that the existence and the results of the investigation be voluntarily reported to the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and that the Company cooperate fully with those agencies. The Audit Committee notified the DOJ and the SEC of the independent investigation, engaged outside counsel to assist in the independent investigation and instructed outside counsel to fully cooperate with the DOJ and the SEC and to provide those agencies with the information obtained as a result of the independent investigation. On August 23, 2005, the Company received from the SEC a formal order of investigation related to the independent investigation. The Audit Committee is continuing its independent investigation. The Company, including the Audit Committee, continues to cooperate fully with the DOJ and the SEC. The investigations of the Audit Committee, the DOJ and the SEC of the Company’s past practice of making improper payments are not expected to affect the Company’s previously reported financial results, including those reported in this 10-K. However, it is probable that the SEC and DOJ will impose penalties on the Company as a result of their investigations. Because the Company is unable to estimate either the timing or the amount or range of any penalties, the Company has made no provision for penalties in its financial statements. The Company cannot predict the results of the aforementioned investigations or whether the Company or any of its employees will be subject to any disgorgement or other remedial actions following completion of these investigations. It is possible that these investigations could lead to criminal charges, civil enforcement proceedings and civil lawsuits.

Union Contracts: The Company has a number of union contracts, several of which were recently re-negotiated, including the contract covering the Company’s Steel Manufacturing Business. If the Company is unable to reach agreement on the terms of new contracts with any of its unions during future negotiations, the Company could be subject to work slowdowns or work stoppages.

43

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
Post Retirement Benefits: The Company has a number of post retirement benefit plans that include defined benefit, Supplemental Executive Retirement Benefit Plan (SERBP) and multiemployer plans. The Company’s contributions to the defined benefit and SERBP plans are determined by actuarial calculations which are based on a number of estimates including the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, allocation of plan assets between equity or fixed income investments, expected rate of compensation increases as well as other factors. Changes in these actual rates from year to year cause increases or decreases in the Company’s annual contributions into the defined benefit plans and changes to the expenses recognized in the current fiscal year. Management and the actuary evaluate these rates annually and adjust if necessary.

The Company’s union employees participate in a number of multiemployer pension plans. The Company is not the sponsor or administrator of these multiemployer plans. Contributions are determined in accordance with provisions of the negotiated labor contracts.

The Company learned during fiscal 2004 that one of the multiemployer plans of the Steel Manufacturing Business would not meet ERISA minimum funding standards for the plan year ending September 30, 2004. The trustees of that plan have applied to the Internal Revenue Service for certain relief from this minimum funding standard. The IRS has tentatively responded, indicating a willingness to consider granting the relief provided the plan’s contributing employers, including the Company, agree to increased contributions. The increased contributions are estimated to average 6% per year, compounded annually, until the plan reaches the funded status required by the IRS. These increases would be based on the Company’s current contribution level to the plan of approximately $1.7 million per year. Based on commitments from the majority of employers participating in the Plan to make the increased contributions, the Plan Trustees have proceeded with the relief request, and are awaiting formal approval from the IRS.

Absent relief by the IRS, the plan’s contributing employers will be required to make additional contributions or pay excise tax that may equal or exceed the full amount of that deficiency. The Company estimated its share of the required additional contribution for the 2004 plan year to be approximately $1.1 million and accrued for such amount in fiscal 2004. Future funding deficiency assessments against the Company are possible until the multiemployer plan obtains a waiver from the IRS or the plan reaches the minimum funded status level required by the IRS.

Recently Acquired Businesses and Future Business Acquisitions: As discussed in Part I, Item 1 “Business - Overview - Recent Transactions”, the Company recently completed transactions to separate and terminate its metals recycling joint venture relationships with Hugo Neu Corporation (HNC) and to purchase Regional Recycling LLC and Greenleaf Auto Recyclers, LLC. With the separation of the joint ventures, the Company acquired direct ownership of metals recycling businesses in New England and Hawaii and a metals trading business in Russia and the Baltic Sea region. The day-to-day operations of these businesses were overseen by HNC prior to the separation. The Company will depend on key employees of those businesses, particularly those involved in the metals trading operations, becoming employed by the Company and providing for the continuity of those businesses. As well, the Company will be hiring additional key employees to help manage those businesses. Loss of or failure to hire key personnel or other transition issues could adversely affect the Company.

Additionally, given the significance of these recently acquired businesses relative to the size of the Company, integration of these businesses will be challenging. Any failure to adequately integrate these businesses may result in adverse impacts on the Company’s profitability.

Throughout the Company’s history, it has made a number of acquisitions as management attempts to improve the value of the Company for its shareholders. It is anticipated that the Company will continue to pursue additional expansion of the Metals Recycling Business and Auto Parts Business. Each acquisition comes with its own inherent risks that make it difficult to predict the ultimate success of the transaction. An acquisition may have a negative and/or unexpected impact on the Company’s cash flow, operating income, net income, earnings per share and financial position.


44

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

Trading Business Risks: Schnitzer Global Exchange (“SGE”), the Company’s trading entity acquired in September 2005, has various risks associated with its business operations. SGE operates in foreign countries with varying degrees of political risk. It advances and occasionally loans money to suppliers for the delivery of materials at a later date. Credit is also periodically extended to foreign steel mills. Due to the nature of the business, profit margins are thinner than for the Company’s processing business; thus, unsold inventory may be more susceptible to losses. Also, the trading business has lower barriers to entry, making the Company potentially more susceptible to competition than in its processing business.

Replacement or Installation of Capital Equipment: The Company installs new equipment and constructs facilities or overhauls existing equipment and facilities (including export terminals) from time to time. Some of these projects take several months to complete, require the use of outside contractors and experts, require special permits and easements and have high degrees of risk. Examples of such major capital projects include the installation of a mega-shredder at a metal recycling yard, the overhaul of an export loading facility or the furnace replacement at the steel mill. Many times in the process of preparing the site for installation, the Company is required to temporarily halt or limit production for a period of time. If problems are encountered during the installation and construction process, the Company may lose the ability to process materials which may impact the amount of revenue it is able to earn or may increase operating expenses. Additionally, it may also result in the building of inventory levels. If market conditions then occur which result in lower selling prices, the Company’s profit margins may be adversely impacted. In either case, the Company’s ability to reasonably predict financial results may be hampered.

Reliance on Key Pieces of Equipment: The Company relies on key pieces of equipment in the various manufacturing processes. Key items include the shredders and ship loading facilities at the metals recycling locations and the transformer, furnace, melt shop and rolling mills at the Company’s steel manufacturing business, including the electrical power and natural gas supply into all of the Company’s locations. If one of these key pieces of equipment were to have a mechanical failure and the Company were unable to correct the failure, revenues and operating income may be adversely impacted. Where practical, the Company has taken steps to reduce these risks such as maintaining a supply of spare parts, performing a regular preventative maintenance program and maintaining a well-trained maintenance team that is capable of making most of the Company’s repairs.

Portland Dock Renovation: The Company’s Portland, Oregon dock is under renovation and is expected to be out of service until the spring of 2006.  The closure of this dock has temporarily impacted the Company’s ability to move bulk export shipments.  As a result, inventory levels are higher than normal at this location.  This factor could impact the Company’s profitability if the inventory is ultimately sold at lower prices than would normally be the case if the inventory had been sold within the typical 60 to 90 day period.

Energy Supply: The Company utilizes various energy sources to operate its facilities. In particular, electricity and natural gas currently represent approximately 7% of the cost of steel manufactured for the Company’s Steel Manufacturing Business. The Steel Manufacturing Business purchases electric power under a long-term contract from McMinnville Water & Light (McMinnville) which in turn relies on the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). Historically, these contracts have had favorable prices and are long-term in nature. The Company’s electric power contract expires in September 2011. On October 1, 2001, the BPA increased its electricity rates due to increased demand on the West Coast and lower supplies.  This increase was in the form of a Cost Recovery Adjustment Clause (CRAC) added to BPA’s contract with McMinnville.  The CRAC is an additional monthly surcharge on selected power charges to recover costs associated with buying higher priced power during the West Coast power shortage.  Because BPA can adjust the CRAC every six months, it is not possible to predict future rate changes.

The Steel Manufacturing Business also has a contract for natural gas at $6.62 MMBTU. The current contract expires on May 31, 2009 and obligates the business to purchase minimum amounts of gas at a fixed rate. Effective November 1, 2005, the natural gas rate will be increased to $6.90 per MMBTU. This is a take or pay contract with a minimum average usage of 3,500 MMBTU per day. Gas not used is sold on the open market and gains or losses are recorded in cost of sales.

45

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
If the Company is unable to negotiate favorable terms of electricity, natural gas and other energy sources, this could adversely affect the performance of the Company.

Environmental Matters: The Company records accruals for estimated environmental remediation claims. A loss contingency is accrued when the Company’s assessment indicates that it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. The Company’s estimates are based upon currently available facts and presently enacted laws and regulations. These estimated liabilities are subject to revision in future periods based on actual costs, new information or changes in laws and regulations.

Tax Laws:  The Company’s tax rate the last three years has benefited from state income tax credits, from the federal Extraterritorial Income Exclusion (ETI) on export sales and from the final releases of a valuation allowance previously offsetting the net operating losses and minimum tax credit carryforwards that had accompanied a 1996 business acquisition. The Company’s future tax rates will benefit from the ETI, although the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (“the Act”) will gradually eliminate the ETI benefit.  Compensating for the Company’s loss of ETI benefit will be the new deduction under the Act for Qualified Production Activities Income, but the effect of this new deduction on the Company’s effective tax rate will not be determinable until the newly-issued final regulations explaining it are examined by the Company.    The Company will also likely continue to benefit from state tax credits.

Currency Fluctuations: Demand from the Company’s foreign customers is partially driven by foreign currency fluctuations relative to the U.S. dollar. Strengthening of the U.S. dollar could adversely affect the competitiveness of the Company’s products in the markets in which the Company competes. The Company has no control over such fluctuations and, as such, these dynamics could affect the Company’s revenues and earnings. The Company conducts most transactions in U.S. dollars.

Shipping and Handling: Both the Metals Recycling Business and the Steel Manufacturing Business often rely on third parties to handle and transport their products to end users in a timely manner. The cost to transport the products can be affected by circumstances over which the Company has no control such as fuel prices, political events, governmental regulations on transportation and changes in market rates due to carrier availability. In estimating future operating results, the Company makes certain assumptions regarding shipping costs.

The Steel Manufacturing Business relies on the availability of rail cars to transport finished goods to customers and raw materials to the mill for use in the production process. Market demand for rail cars along the West Coast has been very high which has reduced the number of rail cars available to the Steel Manufacturing Business to transport finished goods. In addition, the Steel Manufacturing Business utilizes rail cars to provide an inexpensive form of transportation for delivering scrap metal to the mill for production. Although the Company expects to be able to maintain an adequate supply of scrap metal, a larger portion of those materials are anticipated to be delivered using trucks. The Company anticipates this change in delivery may lead to increased raw material costs.

The Company’s Providence, Rhode Island facility, acquired in conjunction with the separation and termination of its metals recycling joint ventures with Hugo Neu Corporation, as discussed in Part I, Item 1 “Business - Overview - Recent Transactions”, is leased from the Port of Providence.  A long-term lease of this facility expired several years ago.  Both parties have verbally agreed to terms for a long-term lease of the facility and finalization of the lease is expected in the short-term.  If the new lease is not finalized and the Company fails to secure another similar facility, the Company’s ability to ship recycled metals cost-effectively from this region would be significantly impacted.


46

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

Insurance: The cost of the Company’s insurance is affected not only by its own loss experience but also by cycles in the insurance market. The Company cannot predict future events and circumstances which could cause rates to materially change such as war, terrorist activities or natural disasters.

It is not possible to predict or identify all factors that could cause actual results to differ from the Company’s forward-looking statements. Consequently, the reader should not consider any such list to be a complete statement of all potential risks or uncertainties. Further, the Company does not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statement.
 
ITEM 7A.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

For discussion of derivative financial instruments, refer to “Fair Value of Financial Instruments” in the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Note 1 of the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”.


ITEM 8.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA


Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules

   
Page
     
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
48
     
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
49
     
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets - August 31, 2005 and 2004
51
     
 
Consolidated Statement of Operations - Years ended
 
 
August 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
52
     
 
Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity - Years ended
 
 
August 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
53
     
 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows - Years ended
 
 
August 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
54
     
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
55
     
 
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
80
     
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
 
on Financial Statement Schedule
81

All other schedules and exhibits are omitted, as the information is not applicable or is not required.



47

 
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company’s Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that: relate to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets of the Company; provide reasonable assurance of the recording of all transactions necessary to permit the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and the proper authorization of receipts and expenditures in accordance with authorization of the Company’s management and directors; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projection of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods is subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting as of August 31, 2005. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework. Based on its assessment, management determined that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of August 31, 2005.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm that audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in this annual report, also audited management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of August 31, 2005 and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of August 31, 2005, as stated in their report included herein.

John D. Carter
Gregory J. Witherspoon
President and Chief Executive Officer
Interim Chief Financial Officer
November 14, 2005
November 14, 2005
 


48

 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc.:

We have completed an integrated audit of Schnitzer Steel Industries’s  2005 consolidated financial statements and of its internal control over financial reporting as of August 31, 2005 and audits of its 2004 and 2003 consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Our opinions, based on our audits, are presented below.

Consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying index present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries at August 31, 2005 and 2004, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended August 31, 2005 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit of financial statements includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Internal control over financial reporting

Also, in our opinion, management’s assessment, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 8, that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of August 31, 2005 based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on those criteria. Furthermore, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of August 31, 2005, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the COSO. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on management’s assessment and on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. An audit of internal control over financial reporting includes obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail,
 
49

 
accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.



PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Portland, Oregon
November 14, 2005



50

 
SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
   
August 31, 
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
           
           
Assets
         
Current assets:
         
Cash
 
$
20,645
 
$
11,307
 
Accounts receivable, less allowance for
             
doubtful accounts of $810 and $772
   
51,101
   
43,179
 
Accounts receivable from related parties
   
226
   
265
 
Inventories (Note 2)
   
106,189
   
80,167
 
Deferred income taxes (Note 8)
   
3,247
   
5,383
 
Prepaid expenses and other
   
15,505
   
6,859
 
Total current assets
   
196,913
   
147,160
 
               
Net property, plant and equipment (Note 4)
   
166,901
   
138,438
 
               
Other assets:
             
Investment in and advances to joint venture partnerships (Note 14)
   
184,151
   
182,845
 
Notes receivable less current portion (Note 9)
   
1,234
   
1,337
 
Goodwill
   
151,354
   
131,178
 
Intangibles and other
   
8,905
   
5,015
 
               
Total Assets
 
$
709,458
 
$
605,973
 
               
Liabilities and Shareholders Equity
             
Current liabilities:
             
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 6)
 
$
71
 
$
225
 
Accounts payable
   
33,192
   
31,881
 
Accrued payroll liabilities
   
21,783
   
20,183
 
Current portion of environmental liabilities (Note 7)
   
7,542
   
9,373
 
Accrued income taxes
   
140
   
4,954
 
Other accrued liabilities
   
8,307
   
7,450
 
Total current liabilities
   
71,035
   
74,066
 
               
Deferred income taxes (Note 8)
   
26,987
   
24,884
 
               
Long-term debt, less current portion (Note 6)
   
7,724
   
67,801
 
               
Environmental liabilities, net of current portion (Note 7)
   
15,962
   
12,126
 
               
Other long-term liabilities
   
3,578
   
2,295
 
               
Minority interests
   
4,644
   
5,921
 
               
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 4, 7 and 9)
             
               
Shareholders equity:
             
Preferred stock--20,000 shares authorized, none issued
             
Class A common stock--75,000 shares $1.00 par value
             
authorized, 22,490 and 22,022 shares issued and outstanding
   
22,490
   
22,022
 
Class B common stock--25,000 shares $1.00 par value
             
authorized, 7,986 and 8,306 shares issued and outstanding
   
7,986
   
8,306
 
Additional paid-in capital
   
125,845
   
110,177
 
Retained earnings
   
423,178
   
278,374
 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
             
Foreign currency translation adjustment
   
29
   
1
 
Total shareholders’ equity
   
579,528
   
418,880
 
               
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
 
$
709,458
 
$
605,973
 
               
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement

51

 
SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
               
Revenues
 
$
853,078
 
$
688,220
 
$
496,866
 
                     
Cost of goods sold
   
622,856
   
533,477
   
416,114
 
Environmental matters and impairment charges
   
11,951
   
3,500
   
2,100
 
Selling, general and administrative
   
55,291
   
45,934
   
34,288
 
                     
Income from wholly-owned operations
   
162,980
   
105,309
   
44,364
 
                     
Operating income from joint ventures (Note 12)
   
69,630
   
61,571
   
24,421
 
                     
Operating income
   
232,610
   
166,880
   
68,785
 
                     
Other expense:
                   
Interest expense
   
(847
)
 
(2,048
)
 
(1,778
)
Other expense, net
   
(877
)
 
(506
)
 
(540
)
                     
     
(1,724
)
 
(2,554
)
 
(2,318
)
                     
Income before cumulative effect of change in
                   
accounting principle, income taxes, minority
                   
interests and pre-acquisition interests
   
230,886
   
164,326
   
66,467
 
                     
Income tax provision (Note 8)
   
(81,522
)
 
(50,669
)
 
(17,946
)
                     
Income before cumulative effect of change in
                   
accounting principle, minority interests
                   
and pre-acquisition interests
   
149,364
   
113,657
   
48,521
 
                     
Minority interests, net of tax
   
(2,497
)
 
(2,476
)
 
(1,824
)
                     
Pre-acquisition interests, net of tax
   
   
   
(2,513
)
                     
Income before cumulative effect of change in
                   
accounting principle
   
146,867
   
111,181
   
44,184
 
                     
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
   
   
   
(983
)
                     
Net income
 
$
146,867
 
$
111,181
 
$
43,201
 
                     
Net income per share - basic:
                   
Income before cumulative effect of change
                   
in accounting principle
 
$
4.83
 
$
3.71
 
$
1.58
 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
   
   
   
(0.03
)
                     
Net income per share
 
$
4.83
 
$
3.71
 
$
1.55
 
                     
Net income per share - diluted:
                   
Income before cumulative effect of change
                   
in accounting principle
 
$
4.72
 
$
3.58
 
$
1.50
 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
   
   
   
(0.03
)
                     
Net income per share
 
$
4.72
 
$
3.58
 
$
1.47
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement
 
52

 
SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
 
                               
Accumulated
     
   
Class A
 
Class B
 
Additional
      
Other
     
   
Common Stock
 
Common Stock
 
Paid-in
 
Retained
 
Comprehensive
     
   
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
 Amount
 
 Capital
 
 Earnings
 
Income
 
Total
 
                                       
Balance at August 31, 2002
   
5,025
 
$
5,025
   
4,180
 
$
4,180
 
$
96,074
 
$
147,669
 
$
 
$
252,948
 
                                                   
Class B common stock converted
                                                 
to Class A common stock
   
635
   
635
   
(635
)
 
(635
)
                   
 
Class A common stock issued
   
547
   
547
               
8,175
               
8,722
 
Net income
                                 
43,201
         
43,201
 
Stock dividend
   
6,238
   
6,238
   
3,516
   
3,516
         
(9,754
)
       
 
Cash dividends paid - common
                                                 
($0.067 per share)
                                 
(1,874
)
       
(1,874
)
                                                   
Balance at August 31, 2003
   
12,445
   
12,445
   
7,061
   
7,061
   
104,249
   
179,242
   
   
302,997
 
                                                   
Net income
                                 
111,181
         
111,181
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
                                       
1
   
1
 
                                               
111,182
 
Class B common stock converted
                                                 
to Class A common stock
   
1,743
   
1,743
   
(1,743
)
 
(1,743
)
                   
 
Class A common stock issued
   
802
   
802
               
5,928
               
6,730
 
Stock dividend
   
7,032
   
7,032
   
2,988
   
2,988
         
(10,020
)
       
 
Cash dividends paid - common
                                                 
($0.068 per share)
                                 
(2,029
)
       
(2,029
)
                                                   
Balance at August 31, 2004
   
22,022
   
22,022
   
8,306
   
8,306
   
110,177
   
278,374
   
1
   
418,880
 
                                                   
Net income
                                 
146,867
         
146,867
 
Foreign curency translation adjustment
                                       
28
   
28
 
                                               
146,895
 
Class B common stock converted
                                                 
to Class A common stock
   
320
   
320
   
(320
)
 
(320
)
                   
 
Class A common stock issued
   
148
   
148
               
1,511
               
1,659
 
Tax benefits from stock options exercised
                           
14,157
               
14,157
 
Cash dividends paid - common
                                                 
($0.068 per share)
                                 
(2,063
)
       
(2,063
)
                                                   
Balance at August 31, 2005
   
22,490
 
$
22,490
   
7,986
 
$
7,986
 
$
125,845
 
$
423,178
 
$
29
 
$
579,528
 
                                                   
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement

53


SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 
   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
               
Operations:
             
Net income
 
$
146,867
 
$
111,181
 
$
43,201
 
Noncash items included in income:
                   
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle 
   
   
   
983
 
Depreciation and amortization 
   
20,881
   
20,403
   
19,441
 
Minority and pre-acquisition interests 
   
3,857
   
3,557
   
5,942
 
Deferred income taxes 
   
4,239
   
(9,068
)
 
1,791
 
Equity in income of joint ventures  
   
(69,630
)
 
(61,571
)
 
(24,421
)
Tax benefit from employee stock option plan 
   
14,157
   
—-
   
—-
 
Environmental matters and impairment charges 
   
11,951
   
3,500
   
2,100
 
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets 
   
111
   
310
   
(93
)
Cash provided (used) by changes in working capital:
                   
Accounts receivable 
   
(7,883
)
 
(4,461
)
 
(6,169
)
Inventories 
   
(26,022
)
 
(19,024
)
 
(1,240
)
Prepaid expenses and other 
   
(8,646
)
 
541
   
(4,411
)
Accounts payable 
   
1,311
   
10,344
   
2,802
 
Accrued liabilities 
   
(3,059
)
 
17,426
   
1,317
 
Environmental liabilities 
   
(12,746
)
 
(279
)
 
(1,998
)
Other assets and liabilities 
   
(1,889
)
 
362
   
1,692
 
                     
Net cash provided by operations
   
73,499
   
73,221
   
40,937
 
                     
Investing:
                   
Capital expenditures
   
(48,250
)
 
(22,192
)
 
(21,796
)
Investments in subsidiaries
   
(22,331
)
 
(23,861
)
 
(64,923
)
Cash received from joint ventures
   
72,833
   
953
   
286
 
Cash paid to joint ventures
   
(1,431
)
 
(3,009
)
 
(3,272
)
Purchase of minority shareholders’ interest
   
(1,259
)
 
   
 
Proceeds from sale of assets
   
787
   
1,649
   
585
 
                     
Net cash provided (used) by investing
   
349
   
(46,460
)
 
(89,120
)
                     
Financing:
                   
Issuance of Class A common stock
   
1,659
   
6,730
   
8,722
 
Distributions to minority and pre-acquisition interests
   
(3,875
)
 
(2,603
)
 
(4,292
)
Cash dividends declared and paid
   
(2,063
)
 
(2,029
)
 
(1,874
)
Increase (decrease) in long-term debt
   
(60,231
)
 
(19,239
)
 
14,340
 
                     
Net cash (used) provided by financing
   
(64,510
)
 
(17,141
)
 
16,896
 
                     
Net increase (decrease) in cash
   
9,338
   
9,620
   
(31,287
)
                     
Cash at beginning of year
   
11,307
   
1,687
   
32,974
 
                     
Cash at end of year
 
$
20,645
 
$
11,307
 
$
1,687
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement

54

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 - Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:

Nature of Business

Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. (the Company) operates a metals recycling business, a self-service used auto parts business, and a mini-mill steel manufacturing business. As of August 31, 2005, the Company’s facilities were located primarily in the western United States and Canada.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. At August 31, 2005, the Company, through subsidiaries, held a 50% interest in nine joint ventures and a 30% interest in one, which were accounted for using the equity method. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. See Note 14 regarding the termination of certain joint ventures in October 2005.

Basis of Presentation
Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements describes an acquisition that occurred on February 14, 2003. Under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141 (SFAS No. 141), “Business Combinations,” the acquisition is considered a “step” acquisition due to the fact that the Company had a significant joint venture interest in the acquired business for a number of years. Additionally, since the acquisition occurred during fiscal 2003, the Company elected to include it in the consolidated results as though it had occurred at the beginning of fiscal 2003. Thus, the 2003 statement of operations and statement of cash flows have been adjusted to consolidate the acquisition as of September 1, 2002. The acquired businesses were consolidated with the Company’s previous interest in the business to form a separate reporting segment called the Auto Parts Business. Additionally, consolidation accounting requires the Company to adjust its earnings for the ownership interests it did not own during the reporting period. For fiscal 2003, net income was reduced by $2.5 million of pre-acquisition interests, net of income taxes, representing the share of income attributable to the former joint venture partner prior to the acquisition.

Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include short-term securities that are not restricted by third parties and have an original maturity date of 90 days or less.

Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the average cost method. The production and accounting process utilized by the Company to record recycled metals inventory quantities relies on significant estimates, which can be affected by weight imprecision, moisture, production yields and other factors.

Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized. Substantially all expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred.

Depreciation is determined principally using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of approximately 20 to 40 years for buildings and approximately 3 to 15 years for equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the estimated useful lives of the property or the remaining lease term, whichever is less. When assets are retired or sold, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and resulting gains or losses are generally included in operating income.


55

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Long-lived Assets
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142 (SFAS No. 142), “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” requires that intangibles with finite useful lives be reviewed for impairment in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144 (SFAS No. 144), “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” In September 2002, the Company adopted SFAS No. 144, which supersedes Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 121 (SFAS No. 121), “Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of”, and Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 30, “Reporting the Results of Operation-Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions.” SFAS No. 144 establishes a single accounting model for long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale, whether they were previously held and used or newly acquired, and it also broadens the presentation of discontinued operations to include more disposal transactions. The Company assesses its long-lived assets for impairment at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows whenever changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Factors the Company considers important which could trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner in which an asset is utilized and substantial negative industry or economic trends. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, the Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through the undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of these assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets in accordance with SFAS No. 144.

Goodwill
Effective September 1, 2002, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142,”Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (SFAS No. 142). This statement changed the accounting for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets from an amortization approach to an impairment-only approach. As required under the transitional accounting provisions of SFAS No. 142, the Company completed steps during the second quarter of fiscal 2003 to identify and measure goodwill impairment at its two reporting units, which existed at the time of adoption, the Metals Recycling Business and the Steel Manufacturing Business. The reporting units were measured for impairment by comparing the implied fair value of the reporting units’ goodwill with the carrying amount of the goodwill. Historical earnings were used as a basis to project future earnings to determine whether any impairment of goodwill existed at the reporting units. As a result of this evaluation, the Company determined that goodwill associated with its Steel Manufacturing Business was impaired. The Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge for the entire $983,000 of remaining goodwill, effective September 1, 2002, and reported it as a “Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle” on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The goodwill was not deductible for tax purposes, thus the amount was not tax affected. The implementation of SFAS No. 142 required the use of judgments, estimates and assumptions in the determination of fair value and impairment amounts related to the required testing. Prior to adoption of SFAS No. 142, the Company had historically evaluated goodwill for impairment by comparing the entity level unamortized balance of goodwill to projected undiscounted cash flows, which did not result in an indicated impairment. The Company performs impairment tests annually and whenever events and circumstances indicate that the value of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets might be impaired. The Company evaluates goodwill at the operating segment level, which is the lowest level at which discrete financial information is available and at which management regularly reviews operating results.  Selected costs and statistics used to evaluate goodwill are typically related to pricing and volumes of goods sold, costs as a percentage of revenues and the cyclicality inherent in the Company’s industries. The following table presents the Company’s intangible assets and their related lives:

($ in millions)
 
August 31, 2005
 
Life in Years
 
Goodwill
 
$
151.4
   
Indefinite
 
Trade name
 
$
0.8
   
Indefinite
 
Non-compete agreement
 
$
1.5
   
6 Years
 


56

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the year ending August 31, 2005 are as follows (in thousands):

   
Metals
Recycling
Business
 
 
Auto Parts
Business
 
 
 
Total
 
               
Beginning of year balance
 
$
34,771
 
$
96,407
 
$
131,178
 
Auto Parts Business Acquisition (see Note 3)
         
20,003
   
20,003
 
Canadian Acquisition (see Note 3)
   
   
173
   
173
 
Balance as of August 31, 2005
 
$
34,771
 
$
116,583
 
$
151,354
 

Common Stock
Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote and each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes. Additionally, each share of Class B common stock may be converted to one share of Class A common stock.

Earnings and Dividends Per Share
Basic and diluted earnings per share and dividends per common share have been adjusted to reflect the one-for-two stock dividend, that was paid on March 25, 2004 and the one-for-one stock dividend paid on August 14, 2003.

Basic EPS is computed based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that would occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. The following represents a reconciliation from basic EPS to diluted EPS giving effect to the stock dividends referred to above (in thousands, except per share amounts):

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
           
Income before cumulative effect of accounting change
 
$
146,867
 
$
111,181
 
$
44,184
 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
   
   
   
(983
)
Net income
 
$
146,867
 
$
111,181
 
$
43,201
 
                     
Computation of shares:
                   
Average common shares outstanding
   
30,427
   
29,976
   
27,975
 
Stock options
   
670
   
1,082
   
1,505
 
Diluted average common shares outstanding
   
31,097
   
31,058
   
29,480
 
                     
Basic EPS:
                   
Income before cumulative effect of accounting change
 
$
4.83
 
$
3.71
 
$
1.58
 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
   
   
   
(0.03
)
Net income per share
 
$
4.83
 
$
3.71
 
$
1.55
 
                     
Diluted EPS:
                   
Income before cumulative effect of accounting change
 
$
4.72
 
$
3.58
 
$
1.50
 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
   
   
   
(0.03
)
Net income per share
 
$
4.72
 
$
3.58
 
$
1.47
 
                     
Dividend per share
 
$
0.068
 
$
0.068
 
$
0.067
 

57

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Options with an exercise price greater than the average market price were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would be antidilutive. These options totaled 267,000 in fiscal 2003. No options were antidilutive in fiscal 2005 or 2004.

Interest and Income Taxes Paid
The Company paid $1.0 million, $2.3 million and $1.5 million in interest expense during fiscal years 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. In fiscal years 2005, 2004 and 2003, the Company paid $76.6 million, $50.3 million and $17.2 million in income taxes, respectively.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Cash, receivables and current liabilities in the consolidated financial statements are considered to reflect the fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. The fair value of long-term debt is deemed to be the same as that reflected in the consolidated financial statements given the variable interest rates on the significant credit facilities. There are no quoted prices for the Company’s investments in joint ventures, which are accounted for on the equity method. A reasonable estimate of fair value could not be made without incurring excessive costs.

Use of Estimates in Financial Statement Preparation
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue when it has a contract or purchase order from a customer with a fixed price, the title and risk of loss transfer to the buyer and collectibility is reasonably assured. Title for both metals and finished steel products transfers upon shipment, based on either cost, insurance and freight (C.I.F.) or free on board (F.O.B.) terms. For retail sales by the Auto Parts Business, revenues are recognized when customers pay for salvaged parts or when wholesale products are shipped to the customer location. Substantially all of the Company’s ferrous export sales of recycled metal are made with letters of credit, minimizing credit risk.  However, domestic ferrous recycled metal sales, nonferrous sales and sales of finished steel are generally made on open account. Historically, there have been very few sales returns and adjustments that impact the ultimate collection of revenues; therefore, no provisions are made when the sale is recognized. 

All shipping costs billed to customers are recorded as revenue with the related costs being included under cost of sales.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company evaluates the collectibility of its accounts, notes and advances receivable based on a combination of factors.  In cases where management is aware of circumstances that may impair a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations to the Company, management records a specific allowance against amounts due and reduces the net recognized receivable to the amount we reasonably believe will be collected. For all other customers, the Company maintains a reserve that considers the total receivables outstanding, historical collection rates and economic trends.   
 
Environmental Costs
The estimated future costs for known environmental remediation requirements are accrued on an undiscounted basis when it is probable that the Company has incurred a liability and the related costs can be reasonably estimated. When only a range of amounts is established, and no amount within the range is better than another, the minimum amount of the range is recorded. Recoveries of environmental remediation costs from other parties are recorded as assets when realization of the claim for recovery is deemed probable and reasonably estimable.


58

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the fiscal 2005 presentation.  Additionally, certain current year quarterly amounts have been reclassified.  See Note 15.  These changes had no impact on previously reported results of operations or shareholders’ equity.

New Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) revised FASB Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (FIN 46R). FIN 46R requires a variable interest entity to be consolidated by a company if that company is subject to a majority of the risk of loss from the variable interest entity’s activities or entitled to receive a majority of the entity’s residual returns or both. FIN 46R also requires disclosures about variable interest entities that a company is not required to consolidate but in which it has a significant variable interest. The consolidation requirements of FIN 46R apply immediately to variable interest entities created after January 31, 2003 and to existing entities in the first fiscal year or interim period beginning after June 15, 2003. The Company has determined that it does not have relationships with any entities which meet the definition of a variable interest entity.

In November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 151, “Inventory Costs”. This statement clarifies the accounting for abnormal amounts of idle facility expense and freight and handling costs when those costs may be so abnormal as to require treatment as period charges. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2005. The Company does not anticipate this pronouncement will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements because the Company’s policies already consider the provisions of this pronouncement.

In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 153, “Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets”. This statement explains that exchanges of nonmonetary assets should be measured based on the fair value of the assets exchanged. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2005. The Company does not anticipate this pronouncement will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2004, the FASB finalized SFAS No. 123R “Shared-Based Payment” which will be effective for the first interim reporting period of the first fiscal year beginning after June 15, 2005. The new standard will require the Company to expense stock options beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2006. The Company will record the expense using the Black-Scholes Model to determine the value of the stock options.

In June 2005, the FASB issued SFAS 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections”. This statement revises the reporting requirements related to changes in accounting principles or adoption of new accounting pronouncements. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005. The Company does not anticipate this pronouncement will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
 
Note 2 - Inventories:

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

   
August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
           
Recycled metals
 
$
38,027
 
$
34,551
 
Work in process
   
17,124
   
10,045
 
Finished goods
   
36,304
   
23,808
 
Supplies
   
14,734
   
11,763
 
   
$
106,189
 
$
80,167
 

The production and accounting process utilized by the Company to record recycled metals inventory quantities relies on significant estimates, which can be affected by weight imprecisions, moisture, production yields and other factors.

59

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 3 - Business Combinations:

VRS Acquisition
In January 2005, Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, acquired the assets and leased the sites for four self-service used auto parts stores in St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri; Columbus, Ohio; and Virginia Beach, Virginia from Vehicle Recycling Solutions, LLC and certain of its wholly-owned subsidiaries (“VRS”). The total acquisition cost of $22.2 million consisted of a cash purchase price of $18.8 million, $0.6 million of acquisition expenses and additional environmental reserves recorded as a result of due diligence of $2.8 million. Of the total purchase price, $20.0 million was related to goodwill.  The St. Louis, Kansas City and Columbus stores increase the Company’s existing mid-west store base.  The Virginia Beach store provides Pick-N-Pull with an eastern presence giving it the ability to expand along the East Coast.  The four new stores will be operated under the Pick-N-Pull name and increase the total number of stores to 30 for the Company’s Auto Parts Business segment.  The results of operations for these four stores after the acquisition date are reflected in the consolidated results of the Company’s Auto Parts Business.

Canadian Acquisition
On March 8, 2004, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, PNP Auto Parts Canada Co., acquired the assets and leased the sites of three self-service used auto parts stores in Calgary and Edmonton, Alberta and Kelowna, British Columbia from Sheppard Holdings Ltd. of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and its affiliates. This acquisition expands the geographic scope of our Auto Parts Business into the Canadian market as part of our strategy to grow the business in North America. The acquisition was completed in the third quarter of fiscal 2004. The purchase price of $13.7 million and the results of operations for these three stores are reflected in the consolidated results of the Company beginning with the 2004 third fiscal quarter. Of the total purchase price, $13.2 million was related to goodwill. In July 2005, the minority interest shareholders of these three stores exercised an option to sell their shares to the Company. The Company recorded an additional $0.2 million in goodwill related to this transaction. For further information related to goodwill, refer to Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Pick-N-Pull Business Combination
On February 14, 2003, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Norprop, Inc. (“Norprop”) closed its acquisition (the “Acquisition”) of all of the stock of Pick and Pull Auto Dismantling, Inc., which was the Company’s 50% partner in Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, a California general partnership (the “Joint Venture”) and all of the membership interests in Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Stockton, LLC (“Stockton”). The cost of the Acquisition consisted of $71.4 million of cash paid to the seller at closing, $3.3 million of debt assumed and immediately paid off, $0.6 million of acquisition costs and $0.5 million of tax related expenses. In addition, Norprop assumed approximately $12.5 million of debt owed by the Joint Venture to the Company. Two additional payments were made during fiscal 2004. The first payment of $4.7 million was made during the fiscal quarter ended November 30, 2003, as a result of an amendment to the Purchase Agreement. The second and final payment of $7.1 million was made during the fiscal quarter ended February 29, 2004, and related to a purchase price adjustment one year after closing based upon calendar year 2002 and 2003 earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) of the acquired Auto Parts Business. The total purchase price was $100.1 million (or $96.5 million net of the seller’s $3.6 million share of the Joint Venture’s cash on hand at closing).

The following is a summary of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of the acquisition (in millions):

Property, plant and equipment
 
$
13.3
 
Identified intangible assets
   
3.7
 
Other assets
   
5.4
 
Liabilities
   
(3.8
)
Goodwill
   
81.5
 
Total
 
$
100.1
 

60

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Goodwill of $81.5 million represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired, and, as a result of a tax election filed jointly by the Company and seller, substantially all of it will be deductible for tax purposes over a 15-year period. Also, approximately $1.8 million of goodwill existed on the Joint Venture’s balance sheet prior to the Acquisition but was not shown separately in accordance with the equity method of accounting. Therefore, the total increase to goodwill related to the Acquisition was $83.3 million. In accordance with SFAS142, goodwill is not amortized and will be tested for impairment at least annually.


Note 4 - Property, Plant and Equipment and Operating Leases:

Property, plant and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

   
August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
           
Machinery and equipment
 
$
259,759
 
$
258,028
 
Land and improvements
   
70,555
   
49,080
 
Buildings and leasehold improvements
   
32,697
   
30,655
 
Construction in progress
   
23,950
   
16,995
 
     
386,961
   
354,758
 
               
Less: accumulated depreciation
   
(220,060
)
 
(216,320
)
               
Net property, plant and equipment
 
$
166,901
 
$
138,438
 

Depreciation expense from operations was $20.4 million, $19.7 million and $19.3 million in fiscal years 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

The Company leases certain property and equipment. The future minimum rental payments under the operating leases are (in thousands):

Year
 
Amount
 
2006
 
$
6,732
 
2007
   
5,637
 
2008
   
5,111
 
2009
   
4,539
 
2010
   
3,625
 
Thereafter
   
7,781
 

Rent expense was $8.1 million, $6.7 million and $3.6 million for fiscal years 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. See discussion of additional leases with related parties in Note 9.

Note 5 - Impairment Charges:

During fiscal 2002, the Company’s Portland, Oregon metals recycling facility embarked on a dock and loading facility renovation. The renovation was suspended in fiscal 2003 when issues with the dock’s substructure were detected. Upon review of new engineering designs focused on operational efficiency and safety specifications, an impairment charge of $3.5 million was recorded in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2004 to write-off renovation costs incurred prior to the suspension.
 
61

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 6 - Long-Term Debt:

Long-term debt consists of the following (in thousands):

   
August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
Bank unsecured revolving credit facilities
 
$
 
$
60,000
 
               
Tax-exempt economic development revenue bonds due
             
January 2022, interest payable monthly at a variable rate
             
(2.45% at August 31, 2005), secured by a letter of credit
   
7,700
   
7,700
 
               
Other
   
95
   
326
 
Total long-term debt
   
7,795
   
68,026
 
Less: Portion due within one year
   
(71
)
 
(225
)
Long-term debt less current portion
 
$
7,724
 
$
67,801
 

As of August 31, 2005, the Company had a committed unsecured bank credit facility totaling $150 million maturing in May 2006 and bearing interest at varying interest rates. Interest is payable at varying dates not to exceed the maturity of each advance under the line. No borrowings were outstanding under this credit facility at August 31, 2005. See Note 14 regarding the amended and restated credit agreement entered into in November 2005.

In addition to the above facility, the Company has an additional unsecured line of credit totaling $20 million. There were no outstanding borrowings against the unsecured line of credit at August 31, 2005. The committed bank credit facilities and other borrowings contain financial covenants, including covenants related to net worth, interest coverage and leverage. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at August 31, 2005.

Payments on long-term debt during the next five fiscal years and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):

Year
 
Amount
 
2006
 
$
71
 
2007
   
24
 
2008
   
 
2009
   
 
2010
   
 
Thereafter
   
7,700
 
   
$
7,795
 
 
Note 7 - Environmental Liabilities and Other Contingencies:

The Company considers various factors when estimating its environmental liabilities. Adjustments to the liabilities are made when additional information becomes available that affects the estimated costs to study or remediate any environmental issues. The factors, which the Company considers in its recognition and measurement of environmental liabilities, include the following:

·  
Current regulations both at the time the reserve is established and during the course of the clean-up which specify standards for acceptable remediation;
·  
Information about the site, which becomes available as the site is studied and remediated;
·  
The professional judgment of both senior-level internal staff and external consultants who take into account similar, recent instances of environmental remediation issues, among other considerations;
·  
Technologies available that can be used for remediation; and
 
62

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
·  
The number and financial condition of other potentially responsible parties and the extent of their responsibility for the remediation.

Metals Recycling Business
In connection with acquisitions in the Metals Recycling Business Segment in 1995 and 1996, the Company carried over to its financial statements reserves for environmental liabilities previously recorded by the acquired companies. These reserves are evaluated quarterly according to Company policy. On August 31, 2005, environmental reserves for the Metals Recycling Business aggregated $18.0 million.

Hylebos Waterway Remediation. General Metals of Tacoma (GMT), a subsidiary of the Company, owns and operates a metals recycling facility located in the State of Washington on the Hylebos Waterway, a part of Commencement Bay, which is the subject of an ongoing remediation project by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). GMT and more than 60 other parties were named potentially responsible parties (PRPs) for the investigation and clean-up of contaminated sediment along the Hylebos Waterway. On March 25, 2002, EPA issued Unilateral Administrative Orders (UAOs) to GMT and another party (Other Party) to proceed with Remedial Design and Remedial Action (RD/RA) for the head of the Hylebos and to two other parties to proceed with the RD/RA for the balance of the waterway. The UAO for the head of the Hylebos Waterway was converted to a voluntary consent decree in 2004, pursuant to which GMT and the Other Party agreed to remediate the head of the Hylebos Waterway.

There are two phases to the remediation of the head of the Hylebos Waterway. The first phase was the intertidal and bank remediation, which was conducted in 2003 and early 2004. The second phase is dredging in the head of the Hylebos Waterway, which began on July 15, 2004. During fiscal 2005, the Company paid remediation costs of $15.9 million related to Hylebos dredging which resulted in a reduction of the environmental liability. The Company’s cost estimates were based on the assumption that dredge removal of contaminated sediments would be accomplished within one dredge season during July 2004 - February 2005. However, due to a variety of factors, including dredge contractor operational issues and other dredge related delays, the dredging was not completed during the first dredge season. As a result, the Company recorded environmental charges of $13.5 million in fiscal 2005 primarily to account for additional estimated costs to complete this work during a second dredging season, and the total reserve for this site was $10.6 million at August 31, 2005. The Company and the Other Party have filed a complaint in the United States Federal District Court for Western Washington against the dredge contractor to recover damages and a significant portion of the increased costs of the second dredging season to complete the project. However, generally accepted accounting principles do not allow the Company to recognize the benefits of any such recoveries until receipt is probable and can be reasonably estimated.

GMT and the Other Party are pursuing settlement negotiations and legal actions against other non-settling, non-performing PRPs to recover additional amounts that may be applied against the head of the Hylebos remediation costs. During fiscal 2005, the Company recovered $0.7 million from four non-performing PRPs. Because the expectation of contributions from other PRPs in this amount had previously been taken into account as a reduction in the Company’s reserve for environmental liabilities, the Company recorded a $0.7 million increase in environmental liabilities in connection with these recoveries. Uncertainties continue to exist regarding the total cost to remediate this site as well as the Company’s share of those costs; nevertheless, the Company’s estimate of its liabilities related to this site is based on information currently available.

The Natural Resource Damage Trustees (Trustees) for Commencement Bay have asserted claims against GMT and other PRPs within the Hylebos Waterway area for alleged damage to natural resources. In March 2002, the Trustees delivered a draft settlement proposal to GMT and others in which the Trustees suggested a methodology for resolving the dispute, but did not indicate any proposed damages or cost amounts. In June 2002, GMT responded to the Trustees’ draft settlement proposal with various corrections and other comments, as did twenty other participants. It is unknown at this time whether, or to what extent, GMT will be liable for natural resource damages. The Company’s previously recorded environmental liabilities include an estimate of the Company’s potential liability for these claims.
 
63

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Portland Harbor. In December 2000, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) named the Portland Harbor, a 5.5 mile stretch of the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, as a Superfund site. The Company’s metals recycling and deep water terminal facility in Portland, Oregon is located adjacent to the Portland Harbor. Crawford Street Corporation, a Company subsidiary, also owns property adjacent to the Portland Harbor. The EPA has identified 69 PRPs, including the Company and Crawford Street Corporation, which own or operate sites adjacent to the Portland Harbor Superfund site. The precise nature and extent of any clean-up of the Portland Harbor, the parties to be involved, the process to be followed for such a clean-up, and the allocation of any costs for the clean-up among responsible parties have not yet been determined. It is unclear whether or to what extent the Company or Crawford Street Corporation will be liable for environmental costs or damages associated with the Superfund site. It is also unclear whether or to what extent natural resource damage claims or third party contribution or damages claims will be asserted against the Company. While the Company and Crawford Street Corporation participated in certain preliminary Portland Harbor study efforts, they are not parties to the consent order entered into by the EPA with other PRPs (Lower Willamette Group) for a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study; however, the Company and Crawford Street Corporation could become liable for a share of the costs of this study at a later stage of the proceedings.

Separately, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) has requested operating history and other information from numerous persons and entities which own or conduct operations on properties adjacent to or upland from the Portland Harbor, including the Company and Crawford Street Corporation. The DEQ investigations at the Company and Crawford Street sites are focused on controlling any current releases of contaminants into the Willamette River. The Company has agreed to a voluntary Remedial Investigation/Source Control effort with the DEQ regarding its Portland, Oregon deep water terminal facility and the site owned by Crawford Street Corporation. DEQ identified these sites as potential sources of contaminants that could be released into the Willamette River. The Company believes that improvements in the operations at these sites, often referred to as Best Management Practices (BMPs), will provide effective source control and avoid the release of contaminants from these sites, and has proposed to DEQ the implementation of BMPs as the resolution of this investigation.

The cost of the investigations associated with these properties and the cost of employment of source control BMPs are not expected to be material. No estimate is currently possible and none has been made as to the cost of remediation for the Portland Harbor or the Company’s adjacent properties.

Other Metals Recycling Business Sites. For a number of years prior to the Company’s 1996 acquisition of Proler International Corp. (Proler), Proler operated an industrial waste landfill in Texas, which Proler utilized to dispose of auto shredder residue from one of its operations. In August 2002, Proler entered the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) Voluntary Cleanup Program (VCP) toward the pursuit of the VCP Certificate of Completion for the former landfill site. In fiscal 2005, TCEQ issued a Conditional Certificate of Completion, requiring the Company to perform on-going groundwater monitoring and annual inspections, maintenance and reporting. As a result of the resolution of this issue, the Company reduced its reserve related to this site by $1.6 million in fiscal 2005.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2005, in connection with the negotiation of the separation and termination of the Company’s metals recycling joint ventures with Hugo Neu Corporation (see Note 14), the Company conducted an environmental due diligence investigation of certain joint venture businesses it proposed to acquire. As a result of this investigation, the Company identified certain environmental risks and accrued $2.6 million for its share of the estimated costs to remediate these risks. No environmental proceedings are pending at any of these sites. This charge is included in “Operating income from joint ventures” in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.

The Washington State Department of Ecology named GMT, along with a number of other parties, as Potentially Liable Parties (PLPs) for a site referred to as Tacoma Metals. GMT operated on this site under a lease prior to 1982. The property owner and current operator have taken the lead role in performing a Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) for the site. The Company’s previously recorded environmental liabilities include an estimate of the Company’s potential liability at this site.

64

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
A Company subsidiary is also a named PRP at another third-party site at which it allegedly disposed of automobile shredder residue. The site has not yet been subject to significant remedial investigation. In addition to the matters discussed above, the Company’s environmental reserve includes amounts for potential future cleanup of other sites at which the Company or its acquired subsidiaries have conducted business or allegedly disposed of other materials.

Auto Parts Business
From fiscal 2003 through fiscal 2005, the Company completed three acquisitions of businesses in the Auto Parts Business segment. At the time of each acquisition, the Company conducts an environmental due diligence investigation related to locations involved in the acquisition. As a result of the environmental due diligence investigations, the Company records a reserve for the estimated cost to cure certain environmental liabilities. The reserve is evaluated quarterly according to Company policy. On August 31, 2005, the reserve aggregated $5.5 million. No environmental proceedings are pending at any of these sites, other than discussed below.

On January 6, 2004, the Auto Parts Business was served with a Notice of Violation (NOV) of the general permit requirements on its diesel powered car crushers at the Rancho Cordova and Sacramento locations from the Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD). Since receiving the NOV, the Sacramento and Rancho Cordova locations have converted their diesel powered car crushers to electric powered. The Company settled this matter which resulted in payment of a fine to SMAQMD during the Company’s fourth fiscal quarter in 2005. The settlement amount was less than the $0.6 million the Company had previously reserved for this matter.

Other Contingencies
The Company had a past practice of making improper payments to the purchasing managers of customers in Asia in connection with export sales of recycled ferrous metals. The Company stopped this practice after it was advised in 2004 that it raised questions of possible violations of U.S. and foreign laws. Thereafter, the Audit Committee was advised and conducted a preliminary compliance review. On November 18, 2004, on the recommendation of the Audit Committee, the Board of Directors authorized the Audit Committee to engage independent counsel and conduct a thorough, independent investigation. The Board of Directors also authorized and directed that the existence and the results of the investigation be voluntarily reported to the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and that the Company cooperate fully with those agencies. The Audit Committee notified the DOJ and the SEC of the independent investigation, engaged outside counsel to assist in the independent investigation and instructed outside counsel to fully cooperate with the DOJ and the SEC and to provide those agencies with the information obtained as a result of the independent investigation. On August 23, 2005, the Company received from the SEC a formal order of investigation related to the independent investigation. The Audit Committee is continuing its independent investigation. The Company, including the Audit Committee, continues to cooperate fully with the DOJ and the SEC. The investigations of the Audit committee, the DOJ and the SEC are not expected to affect the Company’s previously reported financial results, including those reported in this 10-K. However, it is probable that the SEC and DOJ will impose penalties on the Company as a result of their investigations. Because the Company is unable to estimate either the timing or the amount or range of any penalties, the Company has made no provision for penalties in its financial statements. The Company cannot predict the results of the aforementioned investigations or whether the Company or any of its employees will be subject to any disgorgement or other remedial actions following completion of these investigations.

The Company and Hugo Neu Corporation (“HNC”) were the 50% members of Hugo Neu Schnitzer Global Trade, LLC (“HNSGT”), a joint venture engaged in global trading of recycled metals. HNC managed the day-to-day activities of HNSGT. In January 2004, HNC advised the Company that it would charge HNSGT a 1% commission on HNSGT’s recycled metal sales, and began deducting those commissions. While some reasonable reimbursement of HNC’s costs might have been appropriate, the Company responded that the 1% commission was excessive and that HNC had no authority to unilaterally impose such commissions on HNSGT. As of August 31, 2005, the Company estimated that its 50% share of the disputed commissions totaled $6.3 million. In recording operating income from joint ventures, the Company has excluded from joint venture expenses the excess of these disputed commissions over the Company’s estimate of reasonable reimbursements. As part of the separation and termination of the Company’s joint ventures with HNC (as discussed in Note 14), the Company agreed to release its claim for reimbursement of the excess commissions. The amount accrued for this claim will be treated as purchase price in the purchase accounting for the transaction.

65

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 8 - Income Taxes:

The provision (benefit) for income taxes is as follows (in thousands):
   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
Current:
             
Federal
 
$
70,726
 
$
50,231
 
$
13,363
 
State
   
7,250
   
5,322
   
3,011
 
Foreign
   
874
   
586
   
 
Deferred:
                   
Federal
   
3,786
   
(5,865
)
 
1,051
 
State
   
(1,114
)
 
395
   
521
 
Income Tax Provision
 
$
81,522
 
$
50,669
 
$
17,946
 
 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

   
August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
Current deferred tax assets (liabilities)
         
California Enterprise Zone credit carryforward
 
$
195
 
$
700
 
Inventory valuation methods
   
1,538
   
3,359
 
Employee benefit accruals
   
2,953
   
1,052
 
State income tax and other
   
(1,439
)
 
272
 
Net current deferred tax assets
 
$
3,247
 
$
5,383
 
               
Non-current deferred tax assets (liabilities)
             
California Enterprise Zone credit carryforward
 
$
535
 
$
550
 
Accelerated depreciation and basis differences
   
(40,566
)
 
(40,548
)
AMT carryforward
   
742
   
742
 
Environmental liabilities
   
7,375
   
8,599
 
Net operating loss carryforwards and credits
   
3,718
   
4,569
 
Other
   
1,209
   
1,204
 
Net non-current deferred tax liabilities
 
$
(26,987
)
$
(24,884
)
 
The reasons for the difference between the effective income tax rate and the statutory federal income tax rate are as follows:

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
               
Federal statutory rate
   
35
%
 
35
%
 
35
%
Extraterritorial Income Exclusion
   
(3
)
 
(3
)
 
(11
)
State taxes, net of credit
   
2
   
2
   
5
 
Proler NOLs
   
   
(4
)
 
(1
)
Other
   
1
   
1
   
(1
)
                     
Effective tax rate
   
35
%
 
31
%
 
27
%
 
66

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The tax rate of 35.3% for fiscal 2005 approximates the 35% federal statutory tax rate because the state and other tax expense is offset by the federal tax law’s Extraterritorial Income Exclusion (ETI) benefit on export sales, which has the effect of taxing export sales at a lesser rate than comparable domestic sales. The reason the tax rate for fiscal 2005 was higher than that of fiscal 2004 was that fiscal 2004 benefited from the release of valuation allowances that had previously offset federal income tax Net Operating Loss (“NOLs”) and minimum tax credit carryforwards that had accompanied an earlier acquisition. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, those valuation allowances had been established against the NOLs and credits because management was uncertain whether the Company’s future taxable income and tax would be sufficient to use them. Part of the uncertainty regarding use of the NOLs had stemmed from two Federal tax law constraints, one limiting their use to $2.4 million a year and the other requiring that they be used by 2011. Management would assess the continuing need for the valuation allowances each fiscal year, and would release them only to the extent that the uncertainty regarding their use was judged to be mitigated. In fiscal years 2004 and 2003, management released valuation reserves of $6.1 million and $0.8 million., respectively. The fiscal 2004 release was attributable to management’s determination that it was more likely than not that future taxable income and tax would be sufficient to absorb the remaining NOLs of $15.3 million and the credits of $0.7 million. This determination was based upon a number of factors such as profitability trends, industry fundamentals and recent profitable acquisitions. The reversal had no effect on cash flows, as those are only affected by the present and future use of the NOLs against taxable income and the credits against tax.
 
Note 9 - Related Party Transactions:

Certain shareholders of the Company own significant interest in, or are related to owners of, the entities discussed below. As such, these entities are considered related parties for financial reporting purposes.

Transactions Affecting Revenues
In fiscal 2005, the Company sold one shipment of recycled metals to one of its joint ventures for $9.0 million.  The Company has not historically sold recycled metals to its joint ventures.

Transactions Affecting Cost of Goods Sold
Historically, the Company chartered vessels from related companies at market rates to transport recycled metal to foreign markets. The number of vessels chartered varied from year to year depending on the availability of their vessels. In December 2003, the related party exited the shipping business and consequently this relationship ended. No charter fees were paid to the related party in fiscal  2004 or 2005. However, charter fees paid to the related party were $1.9 million for fiscal 2003.

The Company purchased recycled metals from its joint venture operations at prices that approximate market. Purchases from these joint ventures totaled $13.9 million, $9.7 million and $5.0 million in fiscal 2005, 2004 and, 2003, respectively.

The Company’s Portland, Oregon metals recycling facility has operated on property leased from Schnitzer Investment Corp. (SIC), a related party, since 1972. The term of the lease extended to 2063, with annual rent of approximately $1.8 million subject to periodic adjustment. In 2004, SIC began marketing the property for sale. Because the Company deemed the location of the property to be strategic to its operations, the Company purchased the property in May 2005 for $20 million. The transaction was approved by the Company’s Audit Committee in accordance with the Company’s policy on related party transactions.


67

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company leases its administrative offices from SIC under operating leases. The leases expire in 2013 and current annual rent is $0.4 million. The following table summarizes the future minimum rents (in thousands) for these leases:

Year
 
Minimum Rents
2006
 
$
391
 
2007
   
401
 
2008
   
411
 
2009
   
421
 
2010
   
431
 
Thereafter
   
1,360
 

Related party rent expense for the administrative offices and the Portland metals recycling facility was $1.7 million, $2.2 million and $2.1 million, for fiscal 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

Transactions Affecting Selling and Administrative Expenses
The Company performs some administrative services and provides operation and maintenance of management information systems for certain related parties. These services are charged to the related parties based upon cost plus a 15% margin for overhead and profit. These administrative charges totaled $0.5 million, $0.6 million and $0.9 million in fiscal 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

Transactions Affecting Other Income (Expense)
Included in other assets are $0.8 million and $1.0 million of notes receivable from joint venture businesses at August 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
 
Note 10 - Employee Benefits:

Primary actuarial assumptions are determined as follows:
·  
The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is based on our estimate of long-term returns for equities and fixed income securities weighted by the allocation of assets in the plans. The rate is impacted by changes in general market conditions, but because it represents a long-term rate, it is not significantly impacted by short-term market swings. Changes in the allocation of plan assets would also impact this rate.
·  
The assumed discount rate is used to discount future benefit obligations back to today’s dollars. The U.S. discount rate is as of the measurement date, August 31. This rate is sensitive to changes in interest rates. A decrease in the discount rate would increase our obligation and expense.
·  
The expected rate of compensation increase is used to develop benefit obligations using projected pay at retirement. This rate represents average long-term salary increases and is influenced by our compensation policies. An increase in this rate would increase our obligation and expense.


68

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Defined Benefit Pension Plans
For certain nonunion employees, the Company maintains a defined benefit pension plan. The asset value of the plan is based on the market value which represents its fair value. The following table sets forth the change in benefit obligation, change in plan assets and funded status at August 31:

($ in thousands)
     
   
2005
 
2004
 
Change in benefit obligation:
         
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
 
$
11,339
 
$
9,580
 
Service cost
   
1,120
   
936
 
Interest cost
   
685
   
607
 
Actuarial loss
   
590
   
548
 
Transfers
   
   
447
 
Benefits paid
   
(756
)
 
(779
)
Acquisition
   
163
   
 
Benefit obligation at end of year
 
$
13,141
 
$
11,339
 
               
Change in plan assets:
             
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
 
$
10,000
 
$
8,387
 
Actual return on plan assets
   
1,510
   
717
 
Acquisition
   
163
   
 
Employer contribution
   
2,014
   
1,228
 
Transfers
   
   
447
 
Benefits paid
   
(756
)
 
(779
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
 
$
12,931
 
$
10,000
 
               
Funded status:
             
Plan assets less than benefit obligation
 
$
(210
)
$
(1,339
)
Unrecognized actuarial loss
   
3,618
   
3,893
 
Unrecognized prior service cost
   
36
   
41
 
Net amount recognized
 
$
3,444
 
$
2,595
 

Components of net periodic pension benefit cost at August 31:

($ in thousands)
 
  2005 
 
  2004  
 
           
Service cost
 
$
1,120
 
$
936
 
Interest cost
   
685
   
607
 
Expected return on plan assets
   
(840
)
 
(692
)
Amortization of past service cost
   
4
   
5
 
Recognized actuarial loss
   
195
   
172
 
Net periodic pension benefit cost
 
$
1,164
 
$
1,028
 

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine pension benefit obligations at August 31:

 
     
2005
   
2004 
 
               
Discount rate
   
5.75
%
 
6.00
%
Rate of compensation increase
   
3.00
%
 
3.00
%


69

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension benefit cost for years ended August 31:

   
2005
 
2004
 
           
Discount rate
   
5.83
%
 
6.08
%
Expected long-term return on plan assets
   
8.00
%
 
8.00
%
Rate of compensation increase
   
3.00
%
 
3.25
%

To determine the expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets, the Company considers the current and expected asset allocations, as well as historical and expected returns on various categories of plan assets. The Company applies the expected rate of return to a market related value of the assets which reduces the underlying variability in assets to which the Company applies that expected return. The Company amortizes gains and losses, as well as the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions and plan provisions over a period no longer than the average future service of employees.

Plan asset allocations. The Company’s asset allocation for its pension plan is based on the primary goal of maximizing investment returns over the long-term. At the same time, the Company has invested in a diversified portfolio so as to provide a balance of returns and risk. In an effort to quantify this allocation, the Company’s Plan Committee has established a target guideline to be used in determining the investment mix.

The table below shows the Company’s target allocation range along with the actual allocations at August 31:

   
Target
 
Actual 2005
 
Actual 2004
 
Equity
   
75 -100
%
 
61
%
 
61
%
Fixed Income
   
0-25
%
 
39
%
 
39
%
Total
         
100
%
 
100
%


Contributions. The Company expects to contribute $1.2 million to its defined benefit pension plan in fiscal 2006.

Estimated Future Benefit Payments. The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid (in thousands):

   
Benefits
 
2006
 
$
506
 
2007
   
304
 
2008
   
1,288
 
2009
   
1,005
 
2010
   
1,666
 
2011-2015
   
7,509
 
         

Defined Contribution Plans
The Company has several defined contribution plans covering nonunion employees. The pension cost related to these plans totaled $1.1 million, $1.4 million and $1.2 million for fiscal 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
 
70

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Multiemployer Pension Plans
In accordance with collective bargaining agreements, the Company contributed to multiemployer pension plans $2.8 million, $3.1 million and $2.5 million in fiscal 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The Company is not the sponsor or administrator of these multiemployer plans. Contributions were determined in accordance with provisions of negotiated labor contracts.

The Company learned during fiscal 2004 that one of the multiemployer plans of the Steel Manufacturing Business would not meet ERISA minimum funding standards for the plan year ending September 30, 2004. The trustees of that plan have applied to the Internal Revenue Service for certain relief from this minimum funding standard. The IRS has tentatively responded, indicating a willingness to consider granting the relief provided the plan’s contributing employers, including the Company, agree to increased contributions. The increased contributions are estimated to average 6% per year, compounded annually, until the plan reaches the funded status required by the IRS. These increases would be based on the Company’s current contribution level to the plan of approximately $1.7 million per year. Based on commitments from the majority of employers participating in the Plan to make the increased contributions, the Plan Trustees have proceeded with the relief request, and are awaiting formal approval from the IRS.

Absent relief by the IRS, the plan’s contributing employers will be required to make additional contributions or pay excise tax that may equal or exceed the full amount of that deficiency. The Company estimated its share of the required additional contribution for the 2004 plan year to be approximately $1.1 million and accrued for such amount in fiscal 2004. The Company did not accrue additional amounts for fiscal 2005 based on the Company’s belief that it is probable the IRS will grant relief.

Other Benefits
The Company has adopted a nonqualified supplemental retirement plan for certain executives. A restricted trust fund has been established and invested in life insurance policies which can be used for plan benefits, but are subject to claims of general creditors. The trust fund is classified as other assets and the pension liability is classified as other long-term liabilities. The status of this plan is summarized as follows as of August 31, (in thousands):

   
2005
 
2004
 
           
Restricted trust fund
 
$
2,302
 
$
1,663
 
Deferred compensation expense
   
(564
)
 
(278
)
Long-term pension liability
   
1,988
   
2,172
 
Pension cost
   
102
   
351
 
 
The trust fund assets stock market gains and losses are included in other income (expense). During fiscal 2005, 2004 and 2003, the Company recognized gains totaling $0.3 million, $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively. In fiscal 2005, the Company contributed $0.5 million to the plan. No contributions were made in fiscal 2004 and 2003.
 
Note 11 - Stock Incentive Plan:

The Company has adopted a stock incentive plan for employees, consultants and directors of the Company. The plan covers 7,200,000 shares of Class A common stock. All options have a ten-year term and, except for options granted in fiscal 2001 and 2005, become exercisable for 20% of the shares covered by the option on each of the first five anniversaries of the grant. The options granted in fiscal 2001 become exercisable as follows: 33% after one year from the date of grant, 66% after two years from the date of grant, and 100% after two and one-half years from the date of grant. The vesting periods for these options varied from the standard because the Company granted them to certain employees in lieu of annual salary revisions. Of the options granted in fiscal 2005, 21,250 options become exercisable after one year from the grant date and 18,500 options become exercisable May 19, 2006.

71

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The Company records stock-based compensation under the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (APB 25) and related Interpretations. Under this method, compensation expense for its stock incentive plans is determined using the intrinsic value method. Accordingly, because the exercise price equals the market price on the date of the grant, no compensation expense is generally recognized by the Company for stock options issued to employees and directors. The Company recorded compensation expense in fiscal 2005 and 2004 of $1.0 million and $0.6 million, respectively, due to accelerating the vesting period on stock options for retiring employees.

Pro forma information for fiscal years 2005, 2004 and 2003 regarding net income and earnings per share has been determined as if the Company had accounted for its employee stock options under the fair value method. The per share weighted average grant date fair value for awards granted, as determined by applying the Black-Scholes option pricing model, was $12.37, $12.66 and $3.60 during the years ended August 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively, using the following assumptions:

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
               
Risk-free interest rate
   
3.9%
 
 
3.8%
 
 
3.7%
 
Dividend yield
   
1.0%
 
 
1.0%
 
 
1.0%
 
Weighted average expected life of options
   
6.5 Years
   
7.0 Years
   
7.0 Years
 
Volatility
   
.48
   
.43
   
.35
 


If the fair value based method had been applied in measuring stock compensation expense, the pro forma effect on net income per share would have been as follows (in thousands, except earnings per share):

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
Reported net income
 
$
146,867
 
$
111,181
 
$
43,201
 
Add: Stock based compensation expense
included in reported net income, net of tax
   
673
   
351
     
 
Deduct: Total stock based employee
compensation benefit (expense) under fair value
based method for all awards, net of tax
   
(573
)
 
(552
)
 
(830
)
Pro forma net income
 
$
146,967
 
$
110,980
 
$
42,371
 
                     
Reported basic net income per share
 
$
4.83
 
$
3.71
 
$
1.55
 
Pro forma basic net income per share
 
$
4.83
 
$
3.70
 
$
1.51
 
                     
Reported diluted net income per share
 
$
4.72
 
$
3.58
 
$
1.47
 
Pro forma diluted net income per share
 
$
4.73
 
$
3.57
 
$
1.44
 

The Company obtains an income tax benefit related to stock issued to employees through stock options plans, which is recorded as additional paid-in capital and, therefore, does not benefit the income tax provision. For income tax purposes the Company can deduct the amount an employee would report as ordinary income. The deduction is allowed in the year the employee exercises the stock option. In fiscal 2005, the Company recorded a tax benefit from employee stock option plans of $14.2 million from deducting, or planning to deduct, on original or amended returns, the amount employees would report as ordinary income.
 
72

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information is as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

   
Year Ended August 31, 
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
   
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
   
Options
   
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Options 
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
 
Outstanding-beginning of year
 
1,115
 
$
8.80
 
2,183
 
$
6.96
   
3,216
 
$
5.90
 
                                       
Options granted
   
272
 
$
26.31
   
68
 
$
28.03
   
596
 
$
8.67
 
                                       
Options exercised
   
(149
)
$
7.31
 
(1,031
)
$
6.54
   
(1,593
)
$
5.48
 
                                       
Options canceled
   
(221
)
$
13.98
   
(105
)
$
5.25
   
(36
)
$
5.74
 
                                       
Outstanding - end of year
   
1,017
 
$
12.58
   
1,115
 
$
8.80
   
2,183
 
$
6.96
 
                                       
Exercisable at end of year
   
515
 
$
8.38
   
393
 
$
7.23
   
954
 
$
7.11
 
 
The following table summarizes information about options outstanding as of August 31, 2005:

 Options Outstanding
 
Options Exercisable 
 
Number
 
Range of
 
Weighted Average
 
Weighted Average
 
Number
 
Weighted Average
 
Outstanding
 
Exercise Prices
 
Exercise Price
 
Remaining Life in Years
 
Exercisable
 
Exercise Price
 
                       
162,000
 
 
$4.50 - 4.67
 
 
$  4.60
   
5.2 Years
   
162,000
 
 
$  4.60
 
275,000
 
 
$5.92 - 6.70
 
 
$  6.18
   
7.0 Years
   
138,000
 
 
$  6.12
 
131,000
 
 
$8.08 - 8.98
 
 
$  8.27
   
2.3 Years
   
128,000
 
 
$  8.26
 
177,000
 
 
$12.00
 
 
$12.00
   
7.8 Years
   
74,000
 
 
$12.00
 
272,000
 
 
$22.95 - 28.41
 
 
$26.22
   
9.5 Years
   
13,000
 
 
$28.03
 
1,017,000
 
 
$4.50 - 28.41
 
 
$12.58
   
7.0 Years
   
515,000
 
 
$  8.38
 
 
Note 12 - Segment Information:

The Company operates in three industry segments: metal processing and recycling (Metals Recycling Business), mini-mill steel manufacturing (Steel Manufacturing Business) and self-service used auto parts (Auto Parts Business). Additionally, the Company is a non-controlling partner in joint ventures, which are either in the metals recycling business (see Note 14) or are suppliers of unprocessed metals. The Company also considers these to be separate segments because they are managed separately. These joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method. As such, the operating information provided below related to the joint ventures is shown separately from consolidated information, except for the Company’s equity in the net income of, investment in and advances to the joint ventures.
 

The Metals Recycling Business buys and processes ferrous and nonferrous metals for sale to foreign and other domestic steel producers or their representatives and to the Steel Manufacturing Business. The Metals Recycling Business also purchases ferrous metals from other processors for shipment directly to the Steel Manufacturing Business.


73

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Steel Manufacturing Business produces rebar, merchant bar, wire rod, coiled rebar and other specialty products.

The Auto Parts Business purchases salvaged vehicles, sells parts from those vehicles through its retail facilities and wholesale operations, and sells the remaining portion of the vehicles to metal recyclers, including the Metals Recycling Business. Note 3 describes the acquisition that occurred on February 14, 2003.
 
Intersegment sales from the Metals Recycling Business to the Steel Manufacturing Business, and from the Auto Parts Business to the Metals Recycling Business, are transferred at negotiated market rates per ton. These intercompany sales tend to produce intercompany profits, which are eliminated until the finished products are ultimately sold to third parties.

The Joint Ventures in the metals recycling business are also engaged in buying, processing and selling primarily ferrous metal. Recycled metals are sold to foreign and domestic steel mills.
 
The Joint Venture suppliers of metals are industrial plant demolition contractors. These joint ventures dismantle industrial plants, perform environmental remediation and sell recovered metals and machinery. The Company purchases substantially all of the ferrous recycled metals generated by these joint ventures.

The information provided below is obtained from internal information that is provided to the Company’s chief operating decision-maker for the purpose of corporate management. The Company does not allocate corporate interest income and expense, income taxes or other income and expenses related to corporate activity to its operating segments.

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
Revenues from external customers (in thousands):
             
Metals Recycling Business
 
$
580,147
 
$
456,302
 
$
308,553
 
Auto Parts Business
   
107,808
   
81,518
   
65,225
 
Steel Manufacturing Business
   
315,476
   
271,293
   
191,861
 
Intersegment revenues
   
(150,353
)
 
(120,893
)
 
(68,773
)
Consolidated revenues
 
$
853,078
 
$
688,220
 
$
496,866
 

The joint ventures’ revenues from external customers are as follows (in thousands):

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
Joint Ventures in the metals recycling business
             
Processing
 
$
1,275,668
 
$
1,038,373
 
$
616,958
 
Trading
   
911,535
   
489,030
   
251,431
 
Joint Venture suppliers of metals
   
18,257
   
12,644
   
8,877
 
   
$
2,205,460
 
$
1,540,047
 
$
877,266
 

 
74

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Revenues by geographic area (in thousands):

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
Metals Recycling Business:
             
Asia
 
$
402,553
 
$
322,574
 
$
223,490
 
North America
   
177,594
   
133,728
   
85,063
 
Sales to Steel Manufacturing Business
   
(137,100
)
 
(112,198
)
 
(61,052
)
Sales to external customers
   
443,047
   
344,104
   
247,501
 
                     
Auto Parts Business:
                   
North America
   
107,808
   
81,518
   
65,225
 
Sales to Metals Recycling Business
   
(13,253
)
 
(8,695
)
 
(7,721
)
Sales to external customers
   
94,555
   
72,823
   
57,504
 
                     
Steel Manufacturing Business:
                   
Sales to external customers in North America
   
315,476
   
271,293
   
191,861
 
                     
Consolidated revenues
 
$
853,078
 
$
688,220
 
$
496,866
 
 
The Joint Ventures in the metals recycling business do not maintain revenues by geographic area and it would be impracticable to provide such disclosure. Sales by the Joint Venture suppliers of metals are all made to customers in the United States. See Note 9 regarding the Company’s purchases from its joint ventures.

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
   
 (in thousands)
 
Operating income (loss):
             
Metals Recycling Business
 
$
123,643
 
$
77,319
 
$
35,781
 
Auto Parts Business
   
29,630
   
26,804
   
21,968
 
Steel Manufacturing Business
   
42,661
   
24,636
   
(2,522
)
Joint Ventures in the metals recycling business
   
68,582
   
61,672
   
24,827
 
Joint Venture suppliers of metals
   
1,048
   
(101
)
 
(406
)
Corporate expense and eliminations
   
(21,003
)
 
(19,950
)
 
(8,763
)
Environmental matters and impairment charges
   
(11,951
)
 
(3,500
)
 
(2,100
)
Consolidated operating income
 
$
232,610
 
$
166,880
 
$
68,785
 

See Note 7 regarding additional discussion on the environmental matters. Operating income from the joint ventures represents the Company’s equity in the net income of these entities.

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
   
 (in thousands)
 
Depreciation and amortization expense:
             
Metals Recycling Business
 
$
7,141
 
$
6,532
 
$
6,052
 
Auto Parts Business
   
4,937
   
4,802
   
4,017
 
Steel Manufacturing Business
   
8,184
   
8,582
   
8,915
 
Corporate expense
   
619
   
487
   
457
 
                     
Consolidated depreciation and
                   
amortization expense
 
$
20,881
 
$
20,403
 
$
19,441
 

 
75

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The Company’s share of depreciation and amortization expense included in the determination of the joint ventures’ net income is as follows:

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
   
 (in thousands)
 
Joint Ventures in the metals recycling business
 
$
7,074
 
$
6,724
 
$
6,539
 
Joint Venture suppliers of metals
   
260
   
260
   
286
 
   
$
7,334
 
$
6,984
 
$
6,825
 
 
The following is a summary of the Company’s total assets and capital expenditures:

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
   
 (in thousands)
 
Total assets:
             
Metals Recycling Business
 
$
187,604
 
$
157,386
 
$
136,137
 
Auto Parts Business
   
187,908
   
130,585
   
105,283
 
Steel Manufacturing Business
   
144,103
   
119,653
   
113,384
 
Investment in and advances to:
                   
Joint Ventures in the metals recycling business
   
181,446
   
179,081
   
115,924
 
Joint Venture suppliers of recycled metal
   
2,705
   
3,764
   
3,124
 
Corporate
   
5,692
   
15,504
   
14,042
 
   
$
709,458
 
$
605,973
 
$
487,894
 
                     
Capital expenditures:
                   
Metals Recycling Business
 
$
33,303
 
$
12,598
 
$
16,176
 
Auto Parts Business
   
5,143
   
3,822
   
2,932
 
Steel Manufacturing Business
   
9,352
   
4,967
   
2,496
 
Corporate
   
452
   
805
   
192
 
   
$
48,250
 
$
22,192
 
$
21,796
 

In fiscal years 2005, 2004 and 2003 one customer accounted for 13%, 12% and 21% of the Company’s consolidated revenues, respectively. Sales to foreign countries are a significant part of our business. The schedule below identifies those foreign countries in which the Company’s sales exceed 10% of consolidated revenues.

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
Sales to China
   
15%
 
 
13%
 
 
23%
 
Sales to South Korea
   
19%
 
 
21%
 
 
10%
 

During fiscal 2005, 2004 and 2003, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of combined revenues for the joint ventures.
 
76

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 13 - Summarized Financial Information of Joint Ventures:

A summary of combined operations of joint ventures in which the Company is a partner is as follows:

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
   
 (in thousands)
 
           
Current assets
 
$
230,471
 
$
266,612
 
Non-current assets
   
166,959
   
136,202
 
   
$
397,430
 
$
402,814
 
               
               
Current liabilities
 
$
84,933
 
$
84,385
 
Non-current liabilities
   
8,205
   
10,838
 
Partners’ equity
   
304,292
   
307,591
 
   
$
397,430
 
$
402,814
 
 

   
Year Ended August 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
   
 (in thousands)
 
               
Revenues
 
$
2,205,460
 
$
1,540,435
 
$
877,266
 
                     
Operating income
 
$
143,191
 
$
135,153
 
$
47,694
 
                     
Net income before taxes
 
$
144,829
 
$
131,855
 
$
50,464
 

Advances from and to joint venture partnerships from the Company are included in non-current assets and liabilities above. Certain advances bear interest.
 
Note 14 - Subsequent Events:
On September 30, 2005, the Company acquired Greenleaf Auto Recyclers, LLC (‘Greenleaf’), five store properties previously leased by Greenleaf and certain Greenleaf debt obligations. Greenleaf is engaged in the business of auto dismantling and recycling and sells its products primarily to collision and mechanical repair shops. Greenleaf currently operates in 22 locations throughout the United States. Total consideration for the acquisition was $44 million, subject to post-closing adjustments.

On September 30, 2005, the Company and Hugo Neu Corporation (HNC) and certain of their subsidiaries closed a transaction to separate and terminate their metals recycling joint venture relationships. The following steps were taken relating to the dissolution of these relationships:

·  
The Company acquired the 50% interests in Prolerized New England Company (“PNE”) and certain other joint ventures based in Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine that were owned by HNC, with the result that these joint ventures became wholly-owned by the Company, and the Company gained control of Metals Recycling, LLC (“MRL”), a joint venture based in Rhode Island of which 60% of the membership interests are owned by PNE;
·  
HNC acquired the Company’s 50% interests in the joint ventures based in New Jersey, New York and California, with the result that these joint ventures became wholly-owned subsidiaries of HNC;
 
77

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
·  
Hugo Neu Schnitzer Global Trade LLC (Global Trade), a joint venture engaged primarily in scrap metal trading, redeemed the Company’s 50% membership interest in Global Trade in exchange for the assets and liabilities of Global Trade’s trading business that purchases ferrous metals in Russia and certain Baltic countries and Global Trade retained the trading business operating outside Russia and the Baltic countries;
·  
The Company acquired HNC’s metals recycling business in Hawaii;
·  
The Company received $52.3 million in cash consideration, subject to post-closing adjustments;
·  
The Company received from HNC a non-compete agreement that bars HNC from buying scrap metal in certain areas in Russia and the Baltic region for a five-year period ending on June 8, 2010;
·  
The Company and HNC and certain of their affiliates entered into a number of related agreements governing, among other things, employee transitional issues, benefit plans, scrap sales and other transitional services; and
·  
The Company and HNC and certain of their affiliates executed and delivered mutual global releases.

On October 31, 2005, the Company purchased substantially all of the assets of Regional Recycling LLC (Regional) for $65.5 million in cash and the assumption of certain liabilities. Regional operates 10 metals recycling facilities located in the states of Georgia and Alabama, which process ferrous and nonferrous scrap metals without the use of shredders.

Consideration for the recently acquired businesses has been funded by the Company’s existing cash balances and credit facility. The Company expects to record estimated environmental liabilities as a result of due diligence performed in connection with these acquisitions.

On November 8, 2005, the Company entered into an amended and restated unsecured committed bank credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto. The restated agreement provides for a five-year, $400 million revolving loan maturing in November 2010. The agreement prior to restatement provided for a $150 million revolving loan maturing in May 2006. On November 8, 2005, outstanding borrowings under the revolving loan totaled $50 million. Interest on outstanding indebtedness under the restated agreement is based, at the Company’s option, on either LIBOR plus a spread of between 0.625% and 1.25% with the amount of the spread based on a pricing grid tied to the Company’s leverage ratio, or the greater of the prime rate or the federal funds rate plus 0.50%. In addition, commitment fees are payable on the unused portion of the credit facility at rates between 0.15% and 0.25% based on a pricing grid tied to the Company’s leverage ratio. The restated agreement contains various representations and warranties, events of default and financial and other covenants, including covenants requiring maintenance of a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and a maximum leverage ratio.



78

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 15- Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (in thousands, except per share amounts):

   
Fiscal Year 2005
 
   
First
 
Second
 
Third (2)
 
Fourth
 
                   
Revenues
 
$
198,961
 
$
215,746
 
$
242,691
 
$
195,680
 
Operating income
   
67,604
   
56,295
   
55,085
   
53,626
 
Net income
   
42,936
   
35,981
   
33,508
   
34,442
 
Diluted earnings per share (1)
 
$
1.38
 
$
1.15
 
$
1.08
 
$
1.11
 


   
Fical Year 2004
 
   
First
 
Second
 
Third
 
Fourth
 
                   
Revenues
 
$
128,376
 
$
161,603
 
$
193,750
 
$
204,491
 
Operating income
   
18,105
   
24,217
   
67,315
   
57,243
 
Net income
   
12,177
   
18,549
   
42,514
   
37,941
 
Diluted earnings per share (1)
 
$
0.39
 
$
0.60
 
$
1.37
 
$
1.22
 
 
(1)
Diluted earnings per share have been adjusted to reflect the one-for-two stock dividend paid on March 25, 2004.
(2)
Revenues and expenses related to certain sales by one of the Company’s subsidiaries have been reclassified.  These changes had no impact on previously reported operating income, net income or shareholders’ equity.
 
79



Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

For the Years Ended August 31, 2005, 2004, and 2003
(In thousands)
 
Column A
 
Column B
 
 Column C - Additions  
 
 Column D
 
 Column E
 
   
Balance at
 
 Charged to
 
 Charged to
      
 Balance at
 
   
beginning
 
 cost and
 
 other
      
 end of
 
Description
 
of period
 
 expenses
 
 accounts
 
 Deductions
 
 period
 
                           
Fiscal 2005
                         
Allowance for doubtful accounts
 
$
772
     45   $     $   (7
$
810
 
Inventories - net realizable value
   
3,392
     143                
3,535
 
 
                               
                                 
                                 
Fiscal 2004
                               
Allowance for doubtful accounts
   
712
   
354
         
(294
)
 
772
 
Inventories - net realizable value
   
1,061
   
2,331
               
3,392
 
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance
   
6,090
               
(6,090
)
 
 
                                 
Fiscal 2003
                               
Allowance for doubtful accounts
   
1,005
   
21
         
(314
)
 
712
 
Inventories - net realizable value
   
1,071
   
(10
)
             
1,061
 
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance
   
6,928
               
(838
)
 
6,090
 


80





Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on
Financial Statement Schedule



To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc.:

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements, of management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting and of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting referred to in our report dated November 14, 2005 appearing in the August 31, 2005 Form 10-K of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. also included an audit of the financial statement schedule listed in Item 15(a)(2) of this Form 10-K. In our opinion, this financial statement schedule presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements.



PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Portland, Oregon
November 14, 2005





81

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
ITEM 9.
 
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

NONE.
 
ITEM 9A.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. management, under supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures for Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. As of August 31, 2005, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, management completed an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures as of August 31, 2005 were effective.
 
Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting and the related attestation report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP are included in Item 8 of this Report.
 
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
Besides enhancements to the Company’s internal controls over sales transactions to foreign customers that were made in the first three quarters of 2005 as the results of the investigation became known, the following changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the fourth fiscal quarter have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting:
 
·  
The new chief executive officer reviewing and approving foreign sales transactions;
 
·  
Enhancements to wire transfer procedures; and
 
·  
Made personnel changes, including changes in senior management.
 
The Companys Audit Committee may, as a result of the investigations into the past practice of making improper payments to customers in Asia discussed in Part I, Item 3, “Legal Proceedings” recommend improvements to certain aspects of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and/or disclosure controls and procedures related to transactions in Asia.
 
ITEM 9B.
OTHER INFORMATION

NONE




82

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

PART III

ITEM 10.
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

Information required by Item 401 of Regulation S-K regarding directors will be included under "Election of Directors" in the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2006 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference. Information with respect to executive officers of the Company will be included under Item 4(a) of Part I of this Report. Information required by Item 405 of Regulation S-K is included under “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2006 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that is applicable to all of its employees. It includes additional provisions that apply to the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, and persons performing similar functions (the "Senior Financial Officers"). It also provides a code of business conduct and ethics for members of the Company’s Board of Directors. This document is posted on the Company’s internet website (www.schnitzersteel.com) and is available free of charge by calling the Company or submitting a request to ir@schn.com. The Company intends to disclose any amendments to or waivers from these Codes for directors, executive officers or Senior Financial Officers on its website.
 
ITEM 11.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this item will be included under “Executive Compensation” in the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2006 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
ITEM 12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Information with respect to security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management will be included under “Voting Securities and Principal Shareholders” in the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2006 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference. Information with respect to securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans will be included under “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2006 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
ITEM 13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

The information required by this item will be included under “Certain Transactions” in the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2006 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.


ITEM 14.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Information regarding the Company’s principal accountant fees and services will be included under "Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2006 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
83

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K

PART IV

ITEM 15.
EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES


(a)
1.
The following financial statements are filed as part of this report:
     
   
See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule on page 47 of this report.
     
 
2.
The following schedule and report of independent accountants are filed as part of this report:
 
 
 
Page
 
  Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 
80 
 
 
Report of Independent Accountants on Financial Statement Schedule
81
 
 
   
All other schedules are omitted as the information is either not applicable or is not required.
     
 
3.
Exhibits:
     
 
2.1
Stock and Membership Interest Purchase Agreement dated January 8, 2003 among Bob Spence, Pick and Pull Auto Dismantling, Inc., Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Stockton, LLC and Norprop, Inc. Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2002, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
2.2
Amendment No. 1 dated November 14, 2003, to Stock and Membership Interest Purchase Agreement dated January 8, 2003, among Bob Spence, Pick and Pull Auto Dismantling, Inc., Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Stockton, LLC, Norprop, Inc. and the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
2.3
Agreement of Purchase and Sale dated December 30, 2004, among Vehicle Recycling Solutions, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, several wholly-owned subsidiaries of Vehicle Recycling Solutions, LLC, and Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, a California general partnership and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
2.4
Master Agreement dated as of June 8, 2005 by and among Hugo Neu Co., LLC, HNE Recycling LLC, HNW Recycling LLC, and Joint Venture Operations, Inc. and for certain limited purposes Hugo Neu Corporation and the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on June 9, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
2.5
Unit Purchase Agreement dated August 5, 2005 between Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, PNP Commercial Acquisition, LLC, and Tree Acquisition, L.P., related to the acquisition of Greenleaf Auto Recyclers, LLC. Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on October 5, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
2.6
Agreement of Purchase and Sale dated August 5, 2005 between PNP Commercial Acquisition, LLC, and Ford Motor Company, related to the acquisition of Greenleaf Auto Recyclers, LLC. Filed as Exhibit 2.2 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on October 5, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
84

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
 
2.7
First Amendment dated September 30, 2005 to Unit Purchase Agreement dated August 5, 2005 between Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, PNP Commercial Acquisition, LLC, and Tree Acquisition, L.P. Filed as Exhibit 2.3 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on October 5, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
2.8
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 2, 2005, between RRC Acquisition, LLC, Regional Recycling LLC, Metal Asset Acquisition, LLC, 939 Fortress Investments, LLC, Fortress Apartments, LLC, Integrity Metals, LLC, RCC Recycling, LLC, Alan Dreher, George Dreher, Paul Dreher, James J. Filler, Teja Jouhal and Herbert Miller. Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on September 8, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
     
 
3.1
1993 Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 33-69352 (the Form S-1).
     
 
3.2
Restated Bylaws of the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended May 31, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
4.1
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated November 8, 2005 between the Registrant, Bank of America, NA, and the Other Lenders Party Thereto.
     
 
9.1
Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. 2001 Restated Voting Trust and Buy-Sell Agreement dated March 26, 2001. Filed as Exhibit 9.1 To Registrants Form 10-K for the rascal year ended August 31, 2001, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
10.1
Lease Agreement dated August 7, 2003 between Schnitzer Investment Corp. and the Registrant, relating to the corporate headquarters. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
10.2
Lease Agreement dated August 7, 2003 between Schnitzer Investment Corp. and the Registrant, relating to the corporate headquarters. Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
10.3
Lease Agreement dated September 1, 1988 between Schnitzer Investment Corp. and the Registrant, as amended, relating to the Portland metals recycling operation and which has terminated except for surviving indemnity obligations. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Form S-1.
     
 
10.4
Purchase and Sale Agreement dated May 4, 2005 between Schnitzer Investment Corp. and the Registrant, relating to purchase by the Registrant of the Portland metals recycling operations real estate. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 10, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
10.5
Second Amended Shared Services Agreement dated September 13, 1993 between the Registrant and certain entities controlled by shareholders of the Registrant. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Form S-1.
 
85

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
 
10.6
Amendment dated September 1, 1994 to Second Amended Shared Services Agreement between the Registrant and certain entities controlled by shareholders of the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 1995, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
*10.7
Letter Agreement regarding initial compensation terms, dated July 18, 2005, between John D. Carter and the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K/A filed on July 20, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
*10.8
Agreement, dated August 31, 2005, between Gregory J. Witherspoon and the Registrant regarding Mr. Witherspoon’s position as Interim Chief Financial Officer. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K/A filed on September 6, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
*10.9
Employment Agreement, dated September 13, 2005, between Donald Hamaker and the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on September 19, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
*10.10
1993 Stock Incentive Plan of the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 10-Q for quarter ended February 28, 2002, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
*10.11
Form of Stock Option Agreement used for option grants to employees under the 1993 Stock Incentive Plan. Filed as Exhibit 10.14 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
*10.12
Form of Stock Option Agreement used for option grants to non-employee directors under the 1993 Stock Incentive Plan. Filed as Exhibit 10.15 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
*10.13
Employment Agreement dated August 20, 2004 between Barry A. Rosen and the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 10.16 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
*10.14
Supplemental Executive Retirement Bonus Plan of the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 10.24 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for fiscal year ended August 31, 2001, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
*10.15
Amendment to the Supplemental Executive Retirement Bonus Plan of the Registrant effective January 1, 2002. Filed as Exhibit 10.25 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for fiscal year ended August 31, 2001, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
*10.16
Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. Amended and Restated Economic Value Added (“EVA”) Bonus Plan. Filed as Exhibit 10.19 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
*10.17
Executive Annual Bonus Plan. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 3, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
*10.18
Non-Employee Director Compensation Schedule. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on July 20, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
86

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
     
 
21.1
Subsidiaries of Registrant.
     
 
23.1
Consent of Registered Independent Public Accounting Firm.
     
 
24.1
Powers of Attorney.
     
 
31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
 
31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
 
32.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
 
32.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
   
*Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

87

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 

SIGNATURES


Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
     
 
SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dated: November 14, 2005 By:   /s/ GREGORY J. WITHERSPOON 
 
Gregory J. Witherspoon
  Interim Chief Financial Officer 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant: November 14, 2005 in the capacities indicated.
 
Signature
Title
   
Principal Executive Officer:
 
   
   
*JOHN D. CARTER
John D. Carter
President and
Chief Executive Officer
 
 
   
   
Principal Financial Officer:
 
   
   
/s/ GREGORY J. WITHERSPOON
Gregory J. Witherspoon
Interim Chief Financial Officer
   
   
   
Principal Accounting Officer:
 
   
   
   
/s/ VICKI A. PIERSALL
Vicki A. Piersall
Vice President and Corporate Controller
 
88

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
   
   
Directors:
 
   
   
*ROBERT S. BALL
Robert S. Ball
Director
 
 
   
   
*WILLIAM A. FURMAN
William A. Furman
Director
 
 
   
   
*SCOTT LEWIS
Scott Lewis
Director
 
 
   
   
*KENNETH M. NOVACK
Kenneth M. Novack
Director
 
 
   
   
*JEAN S. REYNOLDS
Jean S. Reynolds
Director
 
 
   
   
*JILL SCHNITZER EDELSON
Jill Schnitzer Edelson
Director
 
 
   
   
   
*RALPH R. SHAW
Ralph R. Shaw
Director
 
 
   
   
*By: /s/ GREGORY J. WITHERSPOON

Attorney-in-fact, Gregory J. Witherspoon
 
 
 
 
 
89

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
 
 
2.1
Stock and Membership Interest Purchase Agreement dated January 8, 2003 among Bob Spence, Pick and Pull Auto Dismantling, Inc., Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Stockton, LLC and Norprop, Inc. Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2002, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
2.2
Amendment No. 1 dated November 14, 2003, to Stock and Membership Interest Purchase Agreement dated January 8, 2003, among Bob Spence, Pick and Pull Auto Dismantling, Inc., Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Stockton, LLC, Norprop, Inc. and the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
2.3
Agreement of Purchase and Sale dated December 30, 2004, among Vehicle Recycling Solutions, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, several wholly-owned subsidiaries of Vehicle Recycling Solutions, LLC, and Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, a California general partnership and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
2.4
Master Agreement dated as of June 8, 2005 by and among Hugo Neu Co., LLC, HNE Recycling LLC, HNW Recycling LLC, and Joint Venture Operations, Inc. and for certain limited purposes Hugo Neu Corporation and the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on June 9, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
2.5
Unit Purchase Agreement dated August 5, 2005 between Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, PNP Commercial Acquisition, LLC, and Tree Acquisition, L.P., related to the acquisition of Greenleaf Auto Recyclers, LLC. Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on October 5, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
2.6
Agreement of Purchase and Sale dated August 5, 2005 between PNP Commercial Acquisition, LLC, and Ford Motor Company, related to the acquisition of Greenleaf Auto Recyclers, LLC. Filed as Exhibit 2.2 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on October 5, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
2.7
First Amendment dated September 30, 2005 to Unit Purchase Agreement dated August 5, 2005 between Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, PNP Commercial Acquisition, LLC, and Tree Acquisition, L.P. Filed as Exhibit 2.3 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on October 5, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
90

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
 
 
 
 
2.8
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 2, 2005, between RRC Acquisition, LLC, Regional Recycling LLC, Metal Asset Acquisition, LLC, 939 Fortress Investments, LLC, Fortress Apartments, LLC, Integrity Metals, LLC, RCC Recycling, LLC, Alan Dreher, George Dreher, Paul Dreher, James J. Filler, Teja Jouhal and Herbert Miller. Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on September 8, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.1
1993 Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 33-69352 (the Form S-1).
 
 
 
 
3.2
Restated Bylaws of the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended May 31, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
4.1
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated November 8, 2005 between the Registrant, Bank of America, NA, and the Other Lenders Party Thereto.
 
 
 
 
9.1
Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. 2001 Restated Voting Trust and Buy-Sell Agreement dated March 26, 2001. Filed as Exhibit 9.1 To Registrants Form 10-K for the rascal year ended August 31, 2001, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
10.1
Lease Agreement dated August 7, 2003 between Schnitzer Investment Corp. and the Registrant, relating to the corporate headquarters. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
10.2
Lease Agreement dated August 7, 2003 between Schnitzer Investment Corp. and the Registrant, relating to the corporate headquarters. Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
10.3
Lease Agreement dated September 1, 1988 between Schnitzer Investment Corp. and the Registrant, as amended, relating to the Portland metals recycling operation and which has terminated except for surviving indemnity obligations. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Form S-1.
 
 
 
 
10.4
Purchase and Sale Agreement dated May 4, 2005 between Schnitzer Investment Corp. and the Registrant, relating to purchase by the Registrant of the Portland metals recycling operations real estate. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 10, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
91

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
 
 
10.5
Second Amended Shared Services Agreement dated September 13, 1993 between the Registrant and certain entities controlled by shareholders of the Registrant. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Form S-1.
     
 
10.6
Amendment dated September 1, 1994 to Second Amended Shared Services Agreement between the Registrant and certain entities controlled by shareholders of the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 1995, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
*10.7
Letter Agreement regarding initial compensation terms, dated July 18, 2005, between John D. Carter and the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K/A filed on July 20, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
*10.8
Agreement, dated August 31, 2005, between Gregory J. Witherspoon and the Registrant regarding Mr. Witherspoon’s position as Interim Chief Financial Officer. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K/A filed on September 6, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
*10.9
Employment Agreement, dated September 13, 2005, between Donald Hamaker and the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on September 19, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
     
 
*10.10
1993 Stock Incentive Plan of the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 10-Q for quarter ended February 28, 2002, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
*10.11
Form of Stock Option Agreement used for option grants to employees under the 1993 Stock Incentive Plan. Filed as Exhibit 10.14 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
*10.12
Form of Stock Option Agreement used for option grants to non-employee directors under the 1993 Stock Incentive Plan. Filed as Exhibit 10.15 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
*10.13
Employment Agreement dated August 20, 2004 between Barry A. Rosen and the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 10.16 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
*10.14
Supplemental Executive Retirement Bonus Plan of the Registrant. Filed as Exhibit 10.24 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for fiscal year ended August 31, 2001, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
*10.15
Amendment to the Supplemental Executive Retirement Bonus Plan of the Registrant effective January 1, 2002. Filed as Exhibit 10.25 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for fiscal year ended August 31, 2001, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
92

SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
 
 
 
 
*10.16
Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. Amended and Restated Economic Value Added (“EVA”) Bonus Plan. Filed as Exhibit 10.19 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
*10.17
Executive Annual Bonus Plan. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 3, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
*10.18
Non-Employee Director Compensation Schedule. Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on July 20, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
 
 
21.1
Subsidiaries of Registrant.
 
 
 
 
23.1
Consent of Registered Independent Public Accounting Firm.
 
 
 
 
24.1
Powers of Attorney.
 
 
 
 
31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
 
31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
 
32.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
 
32.2 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 


93


 
EX-4.1 2 exhibit4-1_13962.txt AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT EXHIBIT 4.1 ----------- ================================================================================ Published CUSIP Number: 80688GAA3 AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT Dated as of November 8, 2005 among SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC., as the Borrower, BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and an L/C Issuer, WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Syndication Agent, U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Documentation Agent, and The Other Lenders Party Hereto BANC OF AMERICA SECURITIES LLC, as Sole Lead Arranger and Sole Book Manager ================================================================================ TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page - ------- ---- ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS AND ACCOUNTING TERMS...................................1 1.01 Defined Terms...........................................1 1.02 Other Interpretive Provisions..........................26 1.03 Accounting Terms.......................................27 1.04 Exchange Rates; Currency Equivalents...................27 1.05 Additional Alternative Currencies......................28 1.06 Change of Currency.....................................28 1.07 Rounding...............................................29 1.08 Times of Day...........................................29 1.09 Letter of Credit Amounts...............................29 ARTICLE II. THE COMMITMENTS AND CREDIT EXTENSIONS............................29 2.01 Committed Loans........................................29 2.02 Borrowings, Conversions and Continuations of Committed Loans......................................30 2.03 Letters of Credit......................................31 2.04 Swing Line Loans.......................................40 2.05 Prepayments............................................43 2.06 Termination or Reduction of Commitments................44 2.07 Repayment of Loans.....................................44 2.08 Interest...............................................45 2.09 Fees...................................................45 2.10 Computation of Interest and Fees.......................46 2.11 Evidence of Debt.......................................46 2.12 Payments Generally; Administrative Agent's Clawback....47 2.13 Sharing of Payments by Lenders.........................49 2.14 Increase in Commitments................................50 ARTICLE III. TAXES, YIELD PROTECTION AND ILLEGALITY..........................51 3.01 Taxes..................................................51 3.02 Illegality.............................................53 3.03 Inability to Determine Rates...........................54 3.04 Increased Costs; Reserves on Eurocurrency Rate Loans...54 3.05 Compensation for Losses................................56 3.06 Mitigation Obligations; Replacement of Lenders.........57 3.07 Survival...............................................57 ARTICLE IV. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO CREDIT EXTENSIONS........................58 4.01 Conditions of Initial Credit Extension.................58 4.02 Conditions to all Credit Extensions....................59 ARTICLE V. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES....................................60 5.01 Existence, Qualification and Power; Compliance with Laws.................................60 5.02 Authorization; No Contravention........................60 5.03 Governmental Authorization; Other Consents.............60 5.04 Binding Effect.........................................60 5.05 Financial Statements; No Material Adverse Effect.......61 5.06 Litigation.............................................61 5.07 No Default.............................................61 i 5.08 Ownership of Property; Liens...........................62 5.09 Environmental Compliance...............................62 5.10 Insurance..............................................62 5.11 Taxes..................................................62 5.12 ERISA Compliance.......................................62 5.13 Subsidiaries; Equity Interests.........................63 5.14 Margin Regulations; Investment Company Act; Public Utility Holding Company Act...................63 5.15 Solvency...............................................64 5.16 Disclosure.............................................64 5.17 Compliance with Laws...................................64 5.18 Intellectual Property; Licenses, Etc...................64 ARTICLE VI. AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS............................................64 6.01 Financial Statements...................................65 6.02 Certificates; Other Information........................65 6.03 Notices................................................67 6.04 Payment of Obligations.................................67 6.05 Preservation of Existence, Etc.........................67 6.06 Maintenance of Properties..............................68 6.07 Maintenance of Insurance...............................68 6.08 Compliance with Laws...................................68 6.09 Books and Records......................................68 6.10 Inspection Rights......................................68 6.11 Use of Proceeds........................................68 6.12 Additional Guarantors..................................68 ARTICLE VII. NEGATIVE COVENANTS..............................................69 7.01 Liens..................................................70 7.02 Investments............................................71 7.03 Indebtedness...........................................71 7.04 Fundamental Changes....................................72 7.05 Dispositions...........................................73 7.06 Restricted Payments....................................73 7.07 Change in Nature of Business...........................74 7.08 Transactions with Affiliates...........................74 7.09 Burdensome Agreements..................................75 7.10 Use of Proceeds........................................75 7.11 Financial Covenants....................................75 ARTICLE VIII. EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND REMEDIES.................................75 8.01 Events of Default......................................75 8.02 Remedies Upon Event of Default.........................77 8.03 Application of Funds...................................78 ARTICLE IX. ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT.............................................79 9.01 Appointment and Authority..............................79 9.02 Rights as a Lender.....................................79 9.03 Exculpatory Provisions.................................79 9.04 Reliance by Administrative Agent.......................80 9.05 Delegation of Duties...................................80 9.06 Resignation of Administrative Agent....................80 9.07 Non-Reliance on Administrative Agent and Other Lenders........................................81 ii 9.08 No Other Duties, Etc...................................82 9.09 Administrative Agent May File Proofs of Claim..........82 9.10 Guaranty Matters.......................................82 ARTICLE X. MISCELLANEOUS.....................................................83 10.01 Amendments, Etc........................................83 10.02 Notices; Effectiveness; Electronic Communication.......84 10.03 No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies.........................85 10.04 Expenses; Indemnity; Damage Waiver.....................86 10.05 Payments Set Aside.....................................87 10.06 Successors and Assigns.................................88 10.07 Treatment of Certain Information; Confidentiality......92 10.08 Right of Setoff........................................93 10.09 Interest Rate Limitation...............................93 10.10 Counterparts; Integration; Effectiveness...............94 10.11 Survival of Representations and Warranties.............94 10.12 Severability...........................................94 10.13 Replacement of Lenders.................................94 10.14 Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Etc.......................95 10.15 Waiver of Jury Trial...................................96 10.16 USA PATRIOT Act Notice.................................96 10.17 Time of the Essence....................................96 10.18 Judgment Currency......................................96 10.19 Oral Agreements........................................97 SIGNATURES.........................................................S-1 SCHEDULES 1.01 Mandatory Cost Formulae 2.01 Commitments and Applicable Percentages 5.06 Litigation 5.09 Environmental Matters 5.12 ERISA Matters 5.13 Subsidiaries and Other Equity Investments 5.18 Intellectual Property Matters 7.01 Existing Liens 7.03 Existing Indebtedness 10.02 Administrative Agent's Office; Certain Addresses for Notices 10.06 Processing and Recordation Fees iii EXHIBITS FORM OF A Committed Loan Notice B Swing Line Loan Notice C Note D Compliance Certificate E Assignment and Assumption F Guaranty G Contribution Agreement H Legal Opinion iv AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT This AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT ("Agreement") is entered into as of November 8, 2005, among SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC., an Oregon corporation (the "Borrower"), each lender from time to time party hereto (collectively, the "Lenders" and individually, a "Lender"), and BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer. RECITALS A. The Borrower, Bank of America, N.A., a national banking association ("Bank of America"), Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, a national banking association ("Wells Fargo"), U.S. Bank National Association, a national banking association ("U.S. Bank"), The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd., a banking corporation organized under the laws of Japan ("BTM" and together with Bank of America, Wells Fargo and U.S. Bank, collectively, the "Existing Lenders") and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent for Existing Lenders (in such capacity, the "Existing Agent"), are parties to that certain Credit Agreement dated as of May 30, 2003 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified, the "Existing Credit Agreement") pursuant to which the Existing Lenders have made, or committed to make, revolving loans to the Borrower (collectively, the "Existing Loans"). B. Immediately prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Existing Lenders, Citicorp USA, Inc., a Delaware corporation, First Hawaiian Bank, a Hawaii corporation, Comerica West Incorporated, a Delaware corporation, HSBC Bank USA, N.A., a national banking association, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., a national banking association, The Northern Trust Company, an Illinois banking corporation, PNC Bank, National Association, a national banking association (collectively, the "New Lenders"), and the Borrower entered into that certain Assignment and Assumption Agreement dated as of November 8, 2005, pursuant to which the Existing Lenders assigned and sold, and the New Lenders assumed and purchased a portion of the Existing Lenders' rights and obligations under the Existing Credit Agreement. C. The Borrower has requested the Lenders and the Administrative Agent to make certain modifications to, and amend and restate in its entirety, the Existing Credit Agreement, which the Lenders and the Administrative Agent have agreed to do on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto hereby agree to amend and restate the Existing Credit Agreement in its entirety as follows: ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS AND ACCOUNTING TERMS 1.01 DEFINED TERMS. As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below: "Administrative Agent" means Bank of America in its capacity as administrative agent under any of the Loan Documents, or any successor administrative agent. 1 "Administrative Agent's Office" means, with respect to any currency, the Administrative Agent's address and, as appropriate, account as set forth on Schedule 10.02 with respect to such currency, or such other address or account with respect to such currency as the Administrative Agent may from time to time notify to the Borrower and the Lenders. "Administrative Questionnaire" means an Administrative Questionnaire in a form supplied by the Administrative Agent. "Affiliate" means, with respect to any Person, another Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, Controls or is Controlled by or is under common Control with the Person specified. Notwithstanding the foregoing, "Affiliate" shall not mean or include Persons that are a party to the Voting Trust Agreement, except for such Persons who are actively engaged in the senior management of the Borrower. "Aggregate Commitments" means the Commitments of all the Lenders. "Agreement" means this Credit Agreement. "Alternative Currency" means each of Euro, Sterling, Yen and each other currency (other than Dollars) that is approved in accordance with Section 1.05. "Alternative Currency Equivalent" means, at any time, with respect to any amount denominated in Dollars, the equivalent amount thereof in the applicable Alternative Currency as determined by the Administrative Agent at such time on the basis of the Spot Rate (determined in respect of the most recent Revaluation Date) for the purchase of such Alternative Currency with Dollars. "Alternative Currency Sublimit" means an amount equal to the lesser of the Aggregate Commitments and $25,000,000. The Alternative Currency Sublimit is part of, and not in addition to, the Aggregate Commitments. "Applicable Percentage" means with respect to any Lender at any time, the percentage (carried out to the ninth decimal place) of the Aggregate Commitments represented by such Lender's Commitment at such time. If the commitment of each Lender to make Loans and the obligation of each L/C Issuer to make L/C Credit Extensions have been terminated pursuant to Section 8.02 or if the Aggregate Commitments have expired, then the Applicable Percentage of each Lender shall be determined based on the Applicable Percentage of such Lender most recently in effect, giving effect to any subsequent assignments. The initial Applicable Percentage of each Lender is set forth opposite the name of such Lender on Schedule 2.01 or in the Assignment and Assumption pursuant to which such Lender becomes a party hereto, as applicable. "Applicable Rate" means the following percentages per annum, based upon the Consolidated Leverage Ratio as set forth in the most recent Compliance Certificate received by the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 6.02(a): 2 APPLICABLE RATE Eurocurrency Rate + ----------------- Pricing Consolidated Leverage Standby Letters Level Ratio Commitment Fee of Credit Base Rate + - ------- --------------------- -------------- --------------- ----------- 1 <0.20:1 0.150% 0.625% 0.000% 2 =>0.20:1 but <0.30:1 0.175% 0.750% 0.000% 3 =>0.30:1 but <0.40:1 0.200% 1.000% 0.000% 4 =>0.40:1 0.250% 1.250% 0.000% Any increase or decrease in the Applicable Rate resulting from a change in the Consolidated Leverage Ratio shall become effective as of the first Business Day immediately following the date a Compliance Certificate is delivered pursuant to Section 6.02(a); provided, however, that if a Compliance Certificate is not delivered when due in accordance with such Section, then Pricing Level 4 shall apply as of the first Business Day after the date on which such Compliance Certificate was required to have been delivered. The Applicable Rate in effect from the Closing Date through the first Business Day immediately following the date the Compliance Certificate for the fiscal quarter ended November 30, 2005 is delivered pursuant to Section 6.02(a) shall be determined based upon the Consolidated Leverage Ratio set forth in the certificate delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 4.01(a)(vii). "Applicable Time" means, with respect to any borrowings and payments in any Alternative Currency, the local time in the place of settlement for such Alternative Currency as may be determined by the Administrative Agent or an L/C Issuer, as the case may be, to be necessary for timely settlement on the relevant date in accordance with normal banking procedures in the place of payment. "Approved Fund" means any Fund that is administered or managed by (a) a Lender, (b) an Affiliate of a Lender or (c) an entity or an Affiliate of an entity that administers or manages a Lender. "Arranger" means Banc of America Securities LLC, in its capacity as sole lead arranger and sole book manager. "Assignee Group" means two or more Eligible Assignees that are Affiliates of one another or two or more Approved Funds managed by the same investment advisor. "Assignment and Assumption" means an assignment and assumption entered into by a Lender and an Eligible Assignee (with the consent of any party whose consent is required by Section 10.06(b), and accepted by the Administrative Agent, in substantially the form of Exhibit E or any other form approved by the Administrative Agent. "Attorney Costs" means and includes all reasonable fees, expenses and disbursements of any law firm or other external counsel. 3 "Attributable Indebtedness" means, on any date, (a) in respect of any capital lease of any Person, the capitalized amount thereof that would appear on a balance sheet of such Person prepared as of such date in accordance with GAAP, and (b) in respect of any Synthetic Lease Obligation, the capitalized amount of the remaining lease payments under the relevant lease that would appear on a balance sheet of such Person prepared as of such date in accordance with GAAP if such lease were accounted for as a capital lease. "Audited Financial Statements" means the audited consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2004, and the related consolidated statements of income or operations, shareholders' equity and cash flows for such fiscal year of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, including the notes thereto. "Availability Period" means the period from and including the Closing Date to the earliest of (a) the Maturity Date, (b) the date of termination of the Aggregate Commitments pursuant to Section 2.06, and (c) the date of termination of the commitment of each Lender to make Loans and of the obligation of each L/C Issuer to make L/C Credit Extensions pursuant to Section 8.02. "Bank of America" means Bank of America, N.A. and its successors. "Base Rate" means for any day a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the higher of (a) the Federal Funds Rate plus 1/2 of 1% and (b) the rate of interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by Bank of America as its "prime rate." The "prime rate" is a rate set by Bank of America based upon various factors including Bank of America's costs and desired return, general economic conditions and other factors, and is used as a reference point for pricing some loans, which may be priced at, above, or below such announced rate. Any change in such rate announced by Bank of America shall take effect at the opening of business on the day specified in the public announcement of such change. "Base Rate Committed Loan" means a Committed Loan that is a Base Rate Loan. "Base Rate Loan" means a Loan that bears interest based on the Base Rate. All Base Rate Loans shall be denominated in Dollars. "Borrower" has the meaning specified in the introductory paragraph hereto. "Borrowing" means a Committed Borrowing or a Swing Line Borrowing, as the context may require. "Business Day" means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks are authorized to close under the Laws of, or are in fact closed in, the state where the Administrative Agent's Office with respect to Obligations denominated in Dollars is located and: (a) if such day relates to any interest rate settings as to a Eurocurrency Rate Loan denominated in Dollars, any fundings, disbursements, settlements and payments in Dollars in respect of any such Eurocurrency Rate Loan, or any other dealings in Dollars to be carried out pursuant to this Agreement in respect of any such Eurocurrency Rate 4 Loan, means any such day on which dealings in deposits in Dollars are conducted by and between banks in the London interbank eurodollar market; (b) if such day relates to any interest rate settings as to a Eurocurrency Rate Loan denominated in Euro, any fundings, disbursements, settlements and payments in Euro in respect of any such Eurocurrency Rate Loan, or any other dealings in Euro to be carried out pursuant to this Agreement in respect of any such Eurocurrency Rate Loan, means a TARGET Day; (c) if such day relates to any interest rate settings as to a Eurocurrency Rate Loan denominated in a currency other than Dollars or Euro, means any such day on which dealings in deposits in the relevant currency are conducted by and between banks in the London or other applicable offshore interbank market for such currency; and (d) if such day relates to any fundings, disbursements, settlements and payments in a currency other than Dollars or Euro in respect of a Eurocurrency Rate Loan denominated in a currency other than Dollars or Euro, or any other dealings in any currency other than Dollars or Euro to be carried out pursuant to this Agreement in respect of any such Eurocurrency Rate Loan (other than any interest rate settings), means any such day on which banks are open for foreign exchange business in the principal financial center of the country of such currency. "Cascade" means Cascade Steel Rolling Mills, Inc., an Oregon corporation. "Cascade Mini-Mill" means the mini-mill facility for the manufacture of steel reinforcing rod, hot rolled rounds, squares and strip flats owned by Cascade and located in McMinnville, Oregon. "Cash Collateralize" has the meaning specified in Section 2.03(g). "Change in Law" means the occurrence, after the date of this Agreement, of any of the following: (a) the adoption or taking effect of any law, rule, regulation or treaty, (b) any change in any law, rule, regulation or treaty or in the administration, interpretation or application thereof by any Governmental Authority or (c) the making or issuance of any request, guideline or directive (whether or not having the force of law) by any Governmental Authority. "Change of Control" means, with respect to any Person, an event or series of events by which: (a) any "person" or "group" (as such terms are used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, but excluding any employee benefit plan of such person or its subsidiaries, and any person or entity acting in its capacity as trustee, agent or other fiduciary or administrator of any such plan), other than Persons a party to the Voting Trust Agreement, becomes the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except that a person or group shall be deemed to have "beneficial ownership" of all securities that such person or group has the right to acquire (such right, an "option right"), whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time), directly or indirectly, of 25% or more of 5 the equity securities of such Person entitled to vote for members of the board of directors or equivalent governing body of such Person on a fully-diluted basis (and taking into account all such securities that such person or group has the right to acquire pursuant to any option right); or (b) during any period of 24 consecutive months, a majority of the members of the board of directors or other equivalent governing body of such Person cease to be composed of individuals (i) who were members of that board or equivalent governing body on the first day of such period, (ii) whose election or nomination to that board or equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clause (i) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing body or (iii) whose election or nomination to that board or other equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing body (excluding, in the case of both clause (ii) and clause (iii), any individual whose initial nomination for, or assumption of office as, a member of that board or equivalent governing body occurs as a result of an actual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents for the election or removal of one or more directors by any person or group other than a solicitation for the election of one or more directors by or on behalf of the board of directors). "Closing Date" means the first date all the conditions precedent in Section 4.01 are satisfied or waived in accordance with Section 10.01. "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. "Commitment" means, as to each Lender, its obligation to (a) make Committed Loans to the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.01, (b) purchase participations in L/C Obligations, and (c) purchase participations in Swing Line Loans, in an aggregate principal amount at any one time outstanding not to exceed the Dollar amount set forth opposite such Lender's name on Schedule 2.01 or in the Assignment and Assumption pursuant to which such Lender becomes a party hereto, as applicable, as such amount may be adjusted from time to time in accordance with this Agreement. "Committed Borrowing" means a borrowing consisting of simultaneous Committed Loans of the same Type, in the same currency and, in the case of Eurocurrency Rate Loans, having the same Interest Period made by each of the Lenders pursuant to Section 2.01. "Committed Loan" has the meaning specified in Section 2.01. "Committed Loan Notice" means a notice of (a) a Committed Borrowing, (b) a conversion of Committed Loans from one Type to the other, or (c) a continuation of Eurocurrency Rate Loans, pursuant to Section 2.02(a), which, if in writing, shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit A. "Compliance Certificate" means a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit D. 6 "Consolidated Capital Expenditures" means, for any period, an amount equal to the sum of (a) 70% of the actual amount of depreciation of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for the immediately preceding fiscal year (including therein, for each period ending November 30, 2006 or thereafter, the Persons listed in clause (c) below, but excluding therefrom the actual amount of depreciation recorded by the Borrower or a Subsidiary during such period with respect to any Disposed Business), plus (b) to the extent not included in clause (a) above, 70% of the actual amount of depreciation recorded by the Borrower or a Subsidiary during such period with respect to any business entity, business line or division acquired by the Borrower or a Subsidiary during such period, excluding the Persons listed in clause (c) below, plus (c) for each period ending November 30, 2005 through August 31, 2006, 70% of the actual amount of depreciation of Prolerized New England Company, a New York partnership, MRL, New England Metal Recycling, LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability company, the business acquired by Schnitzer Steel Hawaii Corp., a Delaware corporation, the business acquired by Global Exchange, and H. Finkleman, Inc., a Maine corporation, in each case for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2005. "Consolidated Capitalization" means, as of any date of determination, the sum of (a) Consolidated Funded Indebtedness as of such date of determination plus (b) Consolidated Net Worth as of such date of determination. "Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio" means, as of any date of determination, the ratio of (a) the sum of (i) EBITDA for the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis (the "Consolidated EBITDA") minus (ii) Consolidated Capital Expenditures to (b) the sum of (i) the Interest Charges for the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis (the "Consolidated Interest Charges") plus (ii) the provision for Federal, state, local and foreign income taxes payable by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as included in calculating the Net Income of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis plus (iii) regularly scheduled principal payments required to be made by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on Consolidated Funded Indebtedness (collectively, the "Consolidated Principal Payments") plus (iv) dividends or other distributions paid in cash with respect to any Equity Interest in the Borrower and payments (including any sinking fund or similar deposit) paid in cash on account of the purchase, redemption, retirement, acquisition, cancellation or termination of any Equity Interest in the Borrower, in all cases for the period of the four prior fiscal quarters ending on such date of determination. For purposes of calculating the Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio for any period, if the Borrower or any Subsidiary sells or otherwise transfers any business entity, business line or division to a Person not an Affiliate of the Borrower or such Subsidiary (each, a "Disposed Business") during such period, then: (a) Consolidated EBITDA for such period shall exclude (to the extent included) the EBITDA of each such Disposed Business; (b) Consolidated Interest Charges and Consolidated Principal Payments shall exclude (to the extent included) Interest Charges accrued, paid or payable in connection with, and regularly scheduled principal payments required to be made by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on, Consolidated Funded Indebtedness assumed by the purchaser or other transferee of any Disposed Business; and (c) the provision for Federal, state, local and foreign income taxes payable by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries shall be adjusted on a pro forma basis to give effect to the sale or other transfer of the Disposed Business, in each case as if such sale or transfer had occurred on the first day of the period. 7 "Consolidated Funded Indebtedness" means, as of any date of determination, for the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, without duplication, the sum of (a) the outstanding principal amount of all obligations, whether current or long-term, for borrowed money (including Obligations hereunder) and all obligations evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes, loan agreements or other similar instruments, (b) all purchase money Indebtedness, (c) all direct obligations arising under letters of credit (including standby and commercial), bankers' acceptances and bank guaranties, (d) all obligations in respect of the deferred purchase price of property or services (other than trade accounts payable in the ordinary course of business), (e) Attributable Indebtedness in respect of capital leases and Synthetic Lease Obligations, (f) without duplication, all Guarantees with respect to outstanding Indebtedness of the types specified in clauses (a) through (e) above of Persons other than the Borrower or any Subsidiary, and (g) all Indebtedness of the types referred to in clauses (a) through (f) above of any partnership or joint venture (other than a joint venture that is itself a corporation or limited liability company) in which the Borrower or a Subsidiary is a general partner or joint venturer, unless such Indebtedness is expressly made non-recourse to the Borrower or such Subsidiary. "Consolidated Leverage Ratio" means, as of any date of determination, the ratio of (a) Consolidated Funded Indebtedness as of such date of determination to (b) Consolidated Capitalization as of such date of determination. "Consolidated Net Worth" means, as of any date of determination, for the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, Shareholders' Equity of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on that date. "Contractual Obligation" means, as to any Person, any provision of any security issued by such Person or of any agreement, instrument or other undertaking to which such Person is a party or by which it or any of its property is bound. "Contribution Agreement" means the Indemnity, Subrogation and Contribution Agreement made by the Borrower and the Guarantors from time to time a party thereto, substantially in the form of Exhibit G. "Control" means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of a Person, whether through the ability to exercise voting power, by contract or otherwise. "Controlling" and "Controlled" have meanings correlative thereto. "Credit Extension" means each of the following: (a) a Borrowing and (b) an L/C Credit Extension. "Debtor Relief Laws" means the Bankruptcy Code of the United States, and all other liquidation, conservatorship, bankruptcy, assignment for the benefit of creditors, moratorium, rearrangement, receivership, insolvency, reorganization, or similar debtor relief Laws of the United States or other applicable jurisdictions from time to time in effect and affecting the rights of creditors generally. "Default" means any event or condition that constitutes an Event of Default or that, with the giving of any notice, the passage of time, or both, would be an Event of Default. 8 "Default Rate" means (a) when used with respect to Obligations other than Letter of Credit Fees, an interest rate equal to (i) the Base Rate plus (ii) the Applicable Rate, if any, applicable to Base Rate Loans plus (iii) 2% per annum; provided, however, that with respect to a Eurocurrency Rate Loan, the Default Rate shall be an interest rate equal to the interest rate (including any Applicable Rate and any Mandatory Cost) otherwise applicable to such Loan plus 2% per annum, and (b) when used with respect to Letter of Credit Fees, a rate equal to the Applicable Rate plus 2% per annum. "Defaulting Lender" means any Lender that (a) has failed to fund any portion of the Committed Loans, participations in L/C Obligations or participations in Swing Line Loans required to be funded by it hereunder within one Business Day of the date required to be funded by it hereunder, (b) has otherwise failed to pay over to the Administrative Agent or any other Lender any other amount required to be paid by it hereunder within one Business Day of the date when due, unless the subject of a good faith dispute, or (c) has been deemed insolvent or become the subject of a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding. "Disposed Business" has the meaning specified in the definition of "Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio." "Disposition" or "Dispose" means the sale, transfer, license, lease or other disposition (including any sale and leaseback transaction) of any property by any Person, including any sale, assignment, transfer or other disposal, with or without recourse, of any notes or accounts receivable or any rights and claims associated therewith. "Dollar" and "$" mean lawful money of the United States. "Dollar Equivalent" means, at any time, (a) with respect to any amount denominated in Dollars, such amount, and (b) with respect to any amount denominated in any Alternative Currency, the equivalent amount thereof in Dollars as determined by the Administrative Agent or an L/C Issuer, as the case may be, at such time on the basis of the Spot Rate (determined in respect of the most recent Revaluation Date) for the purchase of Dollars with such Alternative Currency. "Domestic Subsidiary" means any Subsidiary that is organized under the laws of any political subdivision of the United States. "Eligible Assignee" means: (a) a Lender; (b) an Affiliate of a Lender; (c) an Approved Fund; and (d) any other Person (other than a natural person) approved by (i) the Administrative Agent, each L/C Issuer and the Swing Line Lender, and (ii) unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Borrower (each such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed); provided that notwithstanding the foregoing, "Eligible Assignee" shall not include the Borrower or any of the Borrower's Affiliates or Subsidiaries; and provided further, however, that an Eligible Assignee shall include only a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender or another Person, which, through its Lending Offices, is capable of lending the applicable Alternative Currencies to the Borrower without the imposition of any additional Indemnified Taxes. "EBITDA" means, for any period, for any Person or Disposed Business, an amount equal to Net Income of such Person or Disposed Business for such period plus (a) the following to the 9 extent deducted in calculating such Net Income: (i) Interest Charges of such Person or Disposed Business for such period, (ii) the provision for Federal, state, local and foreign income taxes payable by such Person or Disposed Business for such period, (iii) the amount of depreciation and amortization expense deducted in determining such Net Income, (iv) other non-recurring expenses of such Person or Disposed Business reducing such Net Income which do not represent a cash item in such period or any future period, and (v) non-cash expenses of such Person or Disposed Business resulting from the application of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised), and minus (b) the following to the extent included in calculating such Net Income: (i) Federal, state, local and foreign income tax credits of such Person or Disposed Business for such period and (ii) all items of such Person or Disposed Business increasing such Net Income which do not represent a cash item in such period or any future period. "EMU" means the economic and monetary union in accordance with the Treaty of Rome 1957, as amended by the Single European Act 1986, the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 and the Amsterdam Treaty of 1998. "EMU Legislation" means the legislative measures of the European Council for the introduction of, changeover to or operation of a single or unified European currency. "Environmental Laws" means any and all Federal, state, local, and foreign statutes, laws, regulations, ordinances, rules, judgments, orders, decrees, permits, concessions, grants, franchises, licenses, agreements or governmental restrictions relating to pollution and the protection of the environment or the release of any materials into the environment, including those related to hazardous substances or wastes, air emissions and discharges to waste or public systems. "Environmental Liability" means any liability, contingent or otherwise (including any liability for damages, costs of environmental remediation, fines, penalties or indemnities), of the Borrower, any other Loan Party or any of their respective Subsidiaries directly or indirectly resulting from or based upon (a) violation of any Environmental Law, (b) the generation, use, handling, transportation, storage, treatment or disposal of any Hazardous Materials, (c) exposure to any Hazardous Materials, (d) the release or threatened release of any Hazardous Materials into the environment or (e) any contract, agreement or other consensual arrangement pursuant to which liability is assumed or imposed with respect to any of the foregoing. "Equity Interests" means, with respect to any Person, all of the shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person, all of the warrants, options or other rights for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person, all of the securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person or warrants, rights or options for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of such shares (or such other interests), and all of the other ownership or profit interests in such Person (including partnership, member or trust interests therein), whether voting or nonvoting, and whether or not such shares, warrants, options, rights or other interests are outstanding on any date of determination. "ERISA" means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended. 10 "ERISA Affiliate" means any trade or business (whether or not incorporated) under common control with the Borrower within the meaning of Section 414(b) or (c) of the Code (and Sections 414(m) and (o) of the Code for purposes of provisions relating to Section 412 of the Code). "ERISA Event" means (a) a Reportable Event with respect to a Pension Plan; (b) a withdrawal by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate from a Pension Plan subject to Section 4063 of ERISA during a plan year in which it was a substantial employer (as defined in Section 4001(a)(2) of ERISA) or a cessation of operations that is treated as such a withdrawal under Section 4062(e) of ERISA; (c) a complete or partial withdrawal by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate from a Multiemployer Plan or notification that a Multiemployer Plan is in reorganization; (d) the filing of a notice of intent to terminate, the treatment of a Plan amendment as a termination under Sections 4041 or 4041A of ERISA, or the commencement of proceedings by the PBGC to terminate a Pension Plan or Multiemployer Plan; (e) an event or condition which constitutes grounds under Section 4042 of ERISA for the termination of, or the appointment of a trustee to administer, any Pension Plan or Multiemployer Plan; or (f) the imposition of any liability under Title IV of ERISA, other than for PBGC premiums due but not delinquent under Section 4007 of ERISA, upon the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate. "Euro" and "EUR" mean the lawful currency of the Participating Member States introduced in accordance with the EMU Legislation. "Eurocurrency Rate" means, for any Interest Period with respect to a Eurocurrency Rate Loan, the rate per annum equal to the British Bankers Association LIBOR Rate ("BBA LIBOR"), as published by Reuters (or other commercially available source providing quotations of BBA LIBOR as designated by the Administrative Agent from time to time) at approximately 11:00 a.m., London time, two Business Days prior to the commencement of such Interest Period, for deposits in the relevant currency (for delivery on the first day of such Interest Period) with a term equivalent to such Interest Period. If such rate is not available at such time for any reason, then the "Eurocurrency Rate" for such Interest Period shall be the rate per annum determined by the Administrative Agent to be the rate at which deposits in the relevant currency for delivery on the first day of such Interest Period in Same Day Funds in the approximate amount of the Eurocurrency Rate Loan being made, continued or converted by Bank of America and with a term equivalent to such Interest Period would be offered by Bank of America's London Branch (or other Bank of America branch or Affiliate) to major banks in the London or other offshore interbank market for such currency at their request at approximately 11:00 a.m. (London time) two Business Days prior to the commencement of such Interest Period. "Eurocurrency Rate Loan" means a Committed Loan that bears interest at a rate based on the Eurocurrency Rate. Eurocurrency Rate Loans may be denominated in Dollars or in an Alternative Currency. All Committed Loans denominated in an Alternative Currency must be Eurocurrency Rate Loans. "Event of Default" has the meaning specified in Section 8.01. "Excluded Taxes" means, with respect to the Administrative Agent, any Lender, any L/C Issuer or any other recipient of any payment to be made by or on account of any obligation of the 11 Borrower hereunder, (a) taxes imposed on or measured by its overall net income (however denominated), and franchise taxes imposed on it (in lieu of net income taxes), by the jurisdiction (or any political subdivision thereof) under the laws of which such recipient is organized or in which its principal office is located or, in the case of any Lender, in which its applicable Lending Office is located, (b) any branch profits taxes imposed by the United States or any similar tax imposed by any other jurisdiction in which the Borrower is located and (c) in the case of a Foreign Lender (other than an assignee pursuant to a request by the Borrower under Section 10.13), any withholding tax that is imposed on amounts payable to such Foreign Lender at the time such Foreign Lender becomes a party hereto (or designates a new Lending Office) or is attributable to such Foreign Lender's failure or inability (other than as a result of a Change in Law) to comply with Section 3.01(e), except to the extent that such Foreign Lender (or its assignor, if any) was entitled, at the time of designation of a new Lending Office (or assignment), to receive additional amounts from the Borrower with respect to such withholding tax pursuant to Section 3.01(a). "FCPA Investigation" means the investigation by the Department of Justice and the SEC of possible violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (Pub. L. No. 95-23, 91 Stat. 1494) resulting from alleged practices of paying commissions to purchasing managers of the Borrower's and its Subsidiaries' customers in Asia in connection with export sales of recycled steel. "Federal Funds Rate" means, for any day, the rate per annum equal to the weighted average of the rates on overnight Federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by Federal funds brokers on such day, as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on the Business Day next succeeding such day; provided that (a) if such day is not a Business Day, the Federal Funds Rate for such day shall be such rate on such transactions on the next preceding Business Day as so published on the next succeeding Business Day, and (b) if no such rate is so published on such next succeeding Business Day, the Federal Funds Rate for such day shall be the average rate (rounded upward, if necessary, to a whole multiple of 1/100 of 1%) charged to Bank of America on such day on such transactions as determined by the Administrative Agent. "Fee Letter" means the letter agreement, dated September 2, 2005, among the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Arranger. "Foreign Lender" means, with respect to the Borrower, any Lender that is organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than that in which the Borrower is resident for tax purposes. For purposes of this definition, the United States, each State thereof and the District of Columbia shall be deemed to constitute a single jurisdiction. "FRB" means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States. "Fund" means any Person (other than a natural person) that is (or will be) engaged in making, purchasing, holding or otherwise investing in commercial loans and similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course of its business. 12 "GAAP" means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or such other principles as may be approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession in the United States, that are applicable to the circumstances as of the date of determination, consistently applied. "Global Exchange" means Schnitzer Global Exchange Corp., a Delaware corporation. "Governmental Authority" means the government of the United States or any other nation, or of any political subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to government (including any supra-national bodies such as the European Union or the European Central Bank). "Granting Lender" has the meaning specified in Section 10.06(h). "Guarantee" means, as to any Person, any (a) any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of such Person guaranteeing or having the economic effect of guaranteeing any Indebtedness or other obligation payable or performable by another Person (the "primary obligor") in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, and including any obligation of such Person, direct or indirect, (i) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness or other obligation, (ii) to purchase or lease property, securities or services for the purpose of assuring the obligee in respect of such Indebtedness or other obligation of the payment or performance of such Indebtedness or other obligation, (iii) to maintain working capital, equity capital or any other financial statement condition or liquidity or level of income or cash flow of the primary obligor so as to enable the primary obligor to pay such Indebtedness or other obligation, or (iv) entered into for the purpose of assuring in any other manner the obligee in respect of such Indebtedness or other obligation of the payment or performance thereof or to protect such obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part), or (b) any Lien on any assets of such Person securing any Indebtedness or other obligation of any other Person, whether or not such Indebtedness or other obligation is assumed by such Person (or any right, contingent or otherwise, of any holder of such Indebtedness to obtain any such Lien). The amount of any Guarantee shall be deemed to be an amount equal to the stated or determinable amount of the related primary obligation, or portion thereof, in respect of which such Guarantee is made or, if not stated or determinable, the maximum reasonably anticipated liability in respect thereof as determined by the guaranteeing Person in good faith. The term "Guarantee" as a verb has a corresponding meaning. "Guarantors" means, collectively, Manufacturing Management, Inc., an Oregon corporation, General Metals of Tacoma, Inc., a Washington corporation, Cascade, Norprop, Inc., an Oregon corporation, Joint Venture Operations, Inc., a Delaware corporation, Proleride Transport Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation, Proler Steel, Inc., a Delaware corporation, Proler International Corp., a Delaware corporation, PNP Commercial Acquisition, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Prolerized New England Company, a New York partnership, Global Exchange, Greenleaf Auto Recyclers, LLC, a Delaware limited liability 13 company, Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, a California general partnership, Pick and Pull Auto Dismantling, Inc., a California corporation, Regional Recycling, Inc., an Oregon corporation, Schnitzer Southeast, LLC, a Georgia limited liability company, TTS Recycling LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Schnitzer Steel Hawaii Corp., a Delaware corporation, Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Stockton, LLC, a California limited liability company and the other Domestic Subsidiaries which from time to time become a Guarantor pursuant to Section 6.12. "Guaranty" means the Amended and Restated Continuing Guaranty made by the Guarantors from time to time a party thereto in favor of the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Lenders, substantially in the form of Exhibit F. "Hazardous Materials" means all explosive or radioactive substances or wastes and all hazardous or toxic substances, wastes or other pollutants, including petroleum or petroleum distillates, asbestos or asbestos-containing materials, polychlorinated biphenyls, radon gas, infectious or medical wastes and all other substances or wastes of any nature regulated pursuant to any Environmental Law. "Indebtedness" means, as to any Person at a particular time, without duplication, all of the following, whether or not included as indebtedness or liabilities in accordance with GAAP: (a) all obligations of such Person for borrowed money and all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes, loan agreements or other similar instruments; (b) all direct or contingent obligations of such Person arising under letters of credit (including standby and commercial), bankers' acceptances and bank guaranties; (c) net obligations of such Person under any Swap Contract; (d) all obligations of such Person to pay the deferred purchase price of property or services (other than trade accounts payable in the ordinary course of business that are not past due for more than 60 days after the date on which such trade account payable was created); (e) indebtedness (excluding prepaid interest thereon) secured by a Lien on property owned or being purchased by such Person (including indebtedness arising under conditional sales or other title retention agreements), whether or not such indebtedness shall have been assumed by such Person or is limited in recourse; (f) capital leases and Synthetic Lease Obligations; (g) all obligations of such Person to purchase, redeem, retire, defease or otherwise make any payment in respect of any Equity Interest in such Person or any other Person, valued, in the case of a redeemable preferred interest, at the greater of its voluntary or involuntary liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends; and (h) all Guarantees of such Person in respect of any of the foregoing. 14 For all purposes hereof, the Indebtedness of any Person shall include the Indebtedness of any partnership or joint venture (other than a joint venture that is itself a corporation or limited liability company) in which such Person is a general partner or a joint venturer, unless such Indebtedness is expressly made non-recourse to such Person. The amount of any net obligation under any Swap Contract on any date shall be deemed to be the Swap Termination Value thereof as of such date. The amount of any capital lease or Synthetic Lease Obligation as of any date shall be deemed to be the amount of Attributable Indebtedness in respect thereof as of such date. "Indemnified Taxes" means Taxes other than Excluded Taxes. "Indemnitees" has the meaning specified in Section 10.04(b). "Information" has the meaning specified in Section 10.07. "Intangible Assets" means assets that are considered to be intangible assets under GAAP, including customer lists, goodwill, computer software, copyrights, trade names, trademarks, patents, franchises, licenses, unamortized deferred charges, unamortized debt discount and capitalized research and development costs. "Interest Charges" means, for any period, for any Person or Disposed Business, the sum of (a) all interest, premium payments, debt discount, fees, charges and related expenses of such Person or Disposed Business in connection with borrowed money (including capitalized interest) or in connection with the deferred purchase price of assets, in each case to the extent treated as interest in accordance with GAAP, and (b) the portion of rent expense of such Person or Disposed Business with respect to such period under capital leases that is treated as interest in accordance with GAAP. "Interest Payment Date" means, (a) as to any Loan other than a Base Rate Loan, the last day of each Interest Period applicable to such Loan and the Maturity Date; provided, however, that if any Interest Period for a Eurocurrency Rate Loan exceeds three months, the respective dates that fall every three months after the beginning of such Interest Period shall also be Interest Payment Dates; and (b) as to any Base Rate Loan (including a Swing Line Loan), the first Business Day after the end of each March, June, September and December and the Maturity Date. "Interest Period" means, as to each Eurocurrency Rate Loan, the period commencing on the date such Eurocurrency Rate Loan is disbursed or converted to or continued as a Eurocurrency Rate Loan and ending on the date one, two, three or six months thereafter, as selected by the Borrower in its Committed Loan Notice or such other period that is twelve months or less requested by the Borrower and consented to by all the Lenders; provided that: (i) any Interest Period that would otherwise end on a day that is not a Business Day shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day unless such Business Day falls in another calendar month, in which case such Interest Period shall end on the next preceding Business Day; (ii) any Interest Period that begins on the last Business Day of a calendar month (or on a day for which there is no numerically corresponding day in the calendar 15 month at the end of such Interest Period) shall end on the last Business Day of the calendar month at the end of such Interest Period; and (iii) no Interest Period shall extend beyond the Maturity Date. "Investment" means, as to any Person, any direct or indirect acquisition or investment by such Person, whether by means of (a) the purchase or other acquisition of capital stock or other securities of another Person, (b) a loan, advance or capital contribution to, Guarantee or assumption of debt of, or purchase or other acquisition of any other debt or equity participation or interest in, another Person, including any partnership or joint venture interest in such other Person and any arrangement pursuant to which the investor Guarantees Indebtedness of such other Person, or (c) the purchase or other acquisition (in one transaction or a series of transactions) of assets of another Person that constitute a business unit. For purposes of covenant compliance, the amount of any Investment shall be the amount actually invested, without adjustment for subsequent increases or decreases in the value of such Investment. "IP Rights" has the meaning specified in Section 5.18. "IRS" means the United States Internal Revenue Service. "ISP" means, with respect to any Letter of Credit, the "International Standby Practices 1998" published by the Institute of International Banking Law & Practice (or such later version thereof as may be in effect at the time of issuance). "Issuer Documents" means with respect to any Letter of Credit, the Letter of Credit Application, and any other document, agreement and instrument entered into by an L/C Issuer and the Borrower (or any Subsidiary) or in favor of such L/C Issuer and relating to any such Letter of Credit. "Joint Venture" means any Person in which the Borrower owns an Equity Interest, directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, or both, which is accounted for by the Borrower using the equity method of accounting. "Laws" means, collectively, all international, foreign, Federal, state and local statutes, treaties, rules, guidelines, regulations, ordinances, codes and administrative or judicial precedents or authorities, including the interpretation or administration thereof by any Governmental Authority charged with the enforcement, interpretation or administration thereof, and all applicable administrative orders, directed duties, requests, licenses, authorizations and permits of, and agreements with, any Governmental Authority, in each case whether or not having the force of law. "L/C Advance" means, with respect to each Lender, such Lender's funding of its participation in any L/C Borrowing in accordance with its Applicable Percentage. All L/C Advances shall be denominated in Dollars. "L/C Borrowing" means an extension of credit resulting from a drawing under any Letter of Credit which has not been reimbursed on the date when made or refinanced as a Committed Borrowing. All L/C Borrowings shall be denominated in Dollars. 16 "L/C Credit Extension" means, with respect to any Letter of Credit, the issuance thereof or extension of the expiry date thereof, or the increase of the amount thereof. "L/C Issuers" means, collectively, Bank of America in its capacity as an issuer of Letters of Credit hereunder, each other Lender which, with the written consent of the Borrower and written notice to the Administrative Agent, is the issuer of one or more Letters of Credit, and any successor issuers of Letters of Credit permitted hereunder. "L/C Obligations" means, as at any date of determination, the aggregate amount available to be drawn under all outstanding Letters of Credit plus the aggregate of all Unreimbursed Amounts, including all L/C Borrowings. For purposes of computing the amount available to be drawn under any Letter of Credit, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be determined in accordance with Section 1.09. For all purposes of this Agreement, if on any date of determination a Letter of Credit has expired by its terms but any amount may still be drawn thereunder by reason of the operation of Rule 3.14 of the ISP, such Letter of Credit shall be deemed to be "outstanding" in the amount so remaining available to be drawn. "Lender" has the meaning specified in the introductory paragraph hereto and, as the context requires, includes the Swing Line Lender. "Lending Office" means, as to any Lender, the office or offices of such Lender described as such in such Lender's Administrative Questionnaire, or such other office or offices as a Lender may from time to time notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent. "Letter of Credit" means any letter of credit issued hereunder. A Letter of Credit may be a commercial letter of credit or a standby letter of credit. All Letters of Credit shall be denominated in Dollars. "Letter of Credit Application" means an application and agreement for the issuance or amendment of a Letter of Credit in the form from time to time in use by the applicable L/C Issuer. "Letter of Credit Expiration Date" means the day that is seven days prior to the Maturity Date then in effect (or, if such day is not a Business Day, the next preceding Business Day). "Letter of Credit Fee" has the meaning specified in Section 2.03(i). "Letter of Credit Sublimit" means an amount equal to $300,000,000. The Letter of Credit Sublimit is part of, and not in addition to, the Aggregate Commitments. "Lien" means any mortgage, pledge, hypothecation, assignment, deposit arrangement, encumbrance, lien (statutory or other), charge, or preference, priority or other security interest or preferential arrangement in the nature of a security interest of any kind or nature whatsoever (including any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, any easement, right of way or other encumbrance on title to real property, and any financing lease having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing). 17 "Loan" means an extension of credit by a Lender to the Borrower under Article II in the form of a Committed Loan or a Swing Line Loan. "Loan Documents" means this Agreement, each Note, each Issuer Document, the Fee Letter, the Guaranty and the Contribution Agreement. "Loan Parties" means, collectively, the Borrower and each Guarantor. "Mandatory Cost" means, with respect to any period, the percentage rate per annum determined in accordance with Schedule 1.01. "Material Adverse Effect" means (a) a material adverse change in, or a material adverse effect upon, the operations, business, properties, liabilities (whether an actual liability or a contingent liability that could reasonably be expected to become an actual liability), condition (whether financial or otherwise) of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole; (b) a material impairment of the ability of the Borrower or any other Loan Party that is a Material Subsidiary to perform its obligations under any Loan Document to which it is a party; or (c) a material adverse effect upon the legality, validity, binding effect or enforceability against any Loan Party of any Loan Document to which it is a party. "Material Subsidiary" means, as of any date of determination, any Subsidiary (i) whose Total Revenue is equal to 5% or more of the sum of (a) the Total Revenue of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis plus (b) the intercompany revenue between and/or among the Borrower and its Subsidiaries not classified in the same business segment of the Borrower (E.G. auto parts, metals recycling, steel manufacturing) to the extent eliminated on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, in each case for the period of the four prior fiscal quarters ending on such date of determination and/or (ii) whose Total Assets are equal to 5% or more of the Total Assets of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis as of such date of determination. For purposes of this Agreement, "Total Assets" means, as of any date of determination, for any Person, the total assets of such Person and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis on that date and "Total Revenue" means, for any period, for any Person, the total revenue of such Person and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis for that period. For purposes of this Agreement, when calculating the Total Assets or Total Revenue of any Person as of any date of determination or any period ending on any date of determination, the following provisions apply both in respect of such Person and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis and the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis: (a) If the relevant date of determination occurs within the 12 month period immediately succeeding the date that a Person became a Subsidiary, then the Total Revenues of such Person for the period of the four prior fiscal quarters ending on such date of determination shall, for purposes of this Agreement, be deemed to be an amount equal to the projected total revenue of such Person (based on the Borrower's management's good faith estimate of the projected financial performance of such Person) for the period of 12 consecutive months commencing on the first day of the month next following the date that such Person became a Subsidiary; 18 (b) If the relevant date of determination occurs within the 12 month period immediately succeeding the date that the Borrower or a Subsidiary acquired all or substantially all of the assets of, or a business line or a division of, any Person, then the Total Revenues of the Borrower or such Subsidiary for the period of the four prior fiscal quarters ending on such date of determination shall, for purposes of this Agreement, be deemed to exclude the actual amount of revenue derived from the assets, business line or division acquired and include an amount equal to the revenue projected to be derived from the assets, business line or division acquired (based on the Borrower's management's good faith estimate of the projected financial performance of such assets, business line or division) for the period of 12 consecutive months commencing on the first day of the month next following the date that the Borrower or such Subsidiary acquired such assets, business line or division; and (c) In all other cases, the Total Assets and Total Revenue of a Person shall be the actual amount thereof as reflected in the most recent financial statements furnished pursuant to Section 6.01(a) or 6.01(b). "Maturity Date" means November 8, 2010. "MRL" means Metals Recycling, LLC, a Rhode Island limited liability company "Multiemployer Plan" means any employee benefit plan of the type described in Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA, to which the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate makes or is obligated to make contributions, or during the preceding five plan years, has made or been obligated to make contributions. "Net Income" means, for any period, for any Person or Disposed Business, the net income of such Person or Disposed Business (excluding both extraordinary gains and extraordinary losses) for that period. "Note" means a promissory note made by the Borrower in favor of a Lender evidencing Loans made by such Lender, substantially in the form of Exhibit C. "Obligations" means (a) all advances to, and debts, liabilities, obligations, covenants and duties of, any Loan Party arising under any Loan Document or otherwise with respect to any Loan or Letter of Credit, whether direct or indirect (including those acquired by assumption), absolute or contingent, due or to become due, now existing or hereafter arising and (b) all debts, liabilities, obligations, covenants and duties of the Borrower owing to any Lender or any Affiliate of any Lender and arising under any Swap Contract permitted by Section 7.03(d), whether absolute or contingent, due or to become due, now existing or hereafter arising, and, in each case, including interest and fees that accrue after the commencement by or against any Loan Party or any Affiliate thereof of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Laws naming such Person as the debtor in such proceeding, regardless of whether such interest and fees are allowed claims in such proceeding. "Organization Documents" means, (a) with respect to any corporation, the certificate or articles of incorporation and the bylaws (or equivalent or comparable constitutive documents with respect to any non-U.S. jurisdiction); (b) with respect to any limited liability company, the 19 certificate or articles of formation or organization and operating agreement; and (c) with respect to any partnership, joint venture, trust or other form of business entity, the partnership, joint venture or other applicable agreement of formation or organization and any agreement, instrument, filing or notice with respect thereto filed in connection with its formation or organization with the applicable Governmental Authority in the jurisdiction of its formation or organization and, if applicable, any certificate or articles of formation or organization of such entity. "Other Taxes" means all present or future stamp or documentary taxes or any other excise or property taxes, charges or similar levies arising from any payment made hereunder or under any other Loan Document or from the execution, delivery or enforcement of, or otherwise with respect to, this Agreement or any other Loan Document. "Outstanding Amount" means (i) with respect to Committed Loans on any date, the Dollar Equivalent amount of the aggregate outstanding principal amount thereof after giving effect to any borrowings and prepayments or repayments of such Committed Loans occurring on such date; (ii) with respect to Swing Line Loans on any date, the aggregate outstanding principal amount thereof after giving effect to any borrowings and prepayments or repayments of such Swing Line Loans occurring on such date; and (iii) with respect to any L/C Obligations on any date, the aggregate outstanding amount of such L/C Obligations on such date after giving effect to any L/C Credit Extension occurring on such date and any other changes in the aggregate amount of the L/C Obligations as of such date, including as a result of any reimbursements by the Borrower of Unreimbursed Amounts. "Overnight Rate" means, for any day, (a) with respect to any amount denominated in Dollars, the greater of (i) the Federal Funds Rate and (ii) an overnight rate determined by the Administrative Agent, an L/C Issuer, or the Swing Line Lender, as the case may be, in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation, and (b) with respect to any amount denominated in an Alternative Currency, the rate of interest per annum at which overnight deposits in the applicable Alternative Currency, in an amount approximately equal to the amount with respect to which such rate is being determined, would be offered for such day by a branch or Affiliate of Bank of America in the applicable offshore interbank market for such currency to major banks in such interbank market. "Participant" has the meaning specified in Section 10.06(d). "Participating Member State" means each state so described in any EMU Legislation. "PBGC" means the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. "Pension Plan" means any "employee pension benefit plan" (as such term is defined in Section 3(2) of ERISA), other than a Multiemployer Plan, that is subject to Title IV of ERISA and is sponsored or maintained by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate or to which the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate contributes or has an obligation to contribute, or in the case of a multiple employer or other plan described in Section 4064(a) of ERISA, has made contributions at any time during the immediately preceding five plan years. 20 "Permitted Acquisition" means any non-hostile acquisition, whether by purchase, merger or otherwise, of all or substantially all of the assets of, or 50% or more of the voting capital stock of, or a business line or a division of, any Person; provided that: (i) all Persons, assets, business lines or divisions acquired shall be in a line of business substantially similar to the types of business conducted by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on the date hereof or such other lines of business as may be consented to by Required Lenders; (ii) no Default or Event of Default shall then exist or would exist after giving effect to such acquisition; (iii) as of the closing of any acquisition, such acquisition shall have been approved by the board of directors or equivalent governing body of the Person to be acquired or from which such assets, business line or division is to be acquired; (iv) not less than 10 Business Days prior to the consummation of any acquisition for cash consideration (including assumed liabilities, earnout payments and any other deferred payment) in excess of $50,000,000, the Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent (A) a written description of the Person, assets, business line or division to be acquired and its operations and (B) a certificate of a Responsible Officer demonstrating to the reasonable satisfaction of the Administrative Agent that, after giving effect to such acquisition, the Borrower will be in pro forma compliance with all of the terms and provisions of the financial covenants set forth in Section 7.11; and (v) if such acquisition is structured as a merger, and (A) such merger is with the Borrower, then the Borrower shall be the surviving Person after giving effect to such merger or (B) such merger is with a Subsidiary, then such Subsidiary shall be the surviving Person after giving effect to such merger, provided, however, if such Subsidiary was created for the sole purpose of the acquisition and as part of the acquisition is merged into the Person acquired, such Person shall be a wholly-owned Subsidiary. "Person" means any natural person, corporation, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, association, company, partnership, Governmental Authority or other entity. "Pick-N-Pull Subsidiaries" means, collectively, Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers LLC, a California limited liability company, Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Oakland (General Partnership), a California general partnership, Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Nevada LLC, a Nevada limited liability company, Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, San Jose (General Partnership), a California general partnership, Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Chicago L.L.C., an Illinois limited liability company, and Western Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, a Utah general partnership. "Plan" means any "employee benefit plan" (as such term is defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA) established by the Borrower or, with respect to any such plan that is subject to Section 412 of the Code or Title IV of ERISA, any ERISA Affiliate. 21 "Register" has the meaning specified in Section 10.04(c). "Registered Public Accounting Firm" has the meaning specified in the Securities Laws and shall be independent of the Borrower as prescribed by the Securities Laws. "Related Parties" means, with respect to any Person, such Person's Affiliates and the partners, directors, officers, employees, agents and advisors of such Person and of such Person's Affiliates. "Reportable Event" means any of the events set forth in Section 4043(c) of ERISA, other than events for which the 30 day notice period has been waived. "Request for Credit Extension" means (a) with respect to a Borrowing, conversion or continuation of Committed Loans, a Committed Loan Notice, (b) with respect to an L/C Credit Extension, a Letter of Credit Application, and (c) with respect to a Swing Line Loan, a Swing Line Loan Notice. "Required Lenders" means, as of any date of determination, Lenders having more than 50% of the Aggregate Commitments or, if the commitment of each Lender to make Loans and the obligation of each L/C Issuer to make L/C Credit Extensions have been terminated pursuant to Section 8.02, Lenders holding in the aggregate more than 50% of the Total Outstandings (with the aggregate amount of each Lender's risk participation and funded participation in L/C Obligations and Swing Line Loans being deemed "held" by such Lender for purposes of this definition); provided that the Commitment of, and the portion of the Total Outstandings held or deemed held by, any Defaulting Lender shall be excluded for purposes of making a determination of Required Lenders. "Responsible Officer" means the chief executive officer, president, chief financial officer, treasurer, assistant treasurer, controller or general counsel of a Loan Party. Any document delivered hereunder that is signed by a Responsible Officer of a Loan Party shall be conclusively presumed to have been authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership and/or other action on the part of such Loan Party and such Responsible Officer shall be conclusively presumed to have acted on behalf of such Loan Party. "Restricted Payment" means any dividend or other distribution (whether in cash, securities or other property) with respect to any capital stock or other Equity Interest of the Borrower or any Subsidiary, or any payment (whether in cash, securities or other property), including any sinking fund or similar deposit, on account of the purchase, redemption, retirement, acquisition, cancellation or termination of any such capital stock or other Equity Interest, or on account of any return of capital to the Borrower's stockholders, partners or members (or the equivalent Person thereof). "Revaluation Date" means (a) with respect to any Loan, each of the following: (i) each date of a Borrowing of a Eurocurrency Rate Loan denominated in an Alternative Currency, (ii) each date of a continuation of a Eurocurrency Rate Loan denominated in an Alternative Currency pursuant to Section 2.02, and (iii) such additional dates as the Administrative Agent shall determine or the Required Lenders shall require; and (b) with respect to any Letter of Credit, each of the following: (i) each date of issuance of a Letter of Credit denominated in an 22 Alternative Currency, (ii) each date of an amendment of any such Letter of Credit having the effect of increasing the amount thereof (solely with respect to the increased amount), (iii) each date of any payment by an L/C Issuer under an Letter of Credit issued by it denominated in an Alternative Currency, and (iv) such additional dates as the Administrative Agent or an L/C Issuer shall determine or the Required Lenders shall require. "Same Day Funds" means (a) with respect to disbursements and payments in Dollars, immediately available funds, and (b) with respect to disbursements and payments in an Alternative Currency, same day or other funds as may be determined by the Administrative Agent or an L/C Issuer, as the case may be, to be customary in the place of disbursement or payment for the settlement of international banking transactions in the relevant Alternative Currency. "Sarbanes-Oxley" means the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. "SEC" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, or any Governmental Authority succeeding to any of its principal functions. "Securities Laws" means the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Sarbanes-Oxley and the applicable accounting and auditing principles, rules, standards and practices promulgated, approved or incorporated by the SEC or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, as each of the foregoing may be amended and in effect on any applicable date hereunder. "Shareholders' Equity" means, as of any date of determination, consolidated shareholders' equity of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of that date determined in accordance with GAAP. "Solvent" means, as to any Person at a particular time, if, at such time both (a) (i) the then fair saleable value of the property of such Person on a going concern basis is (A) greater than the total amount of liabilities (including contingent liabilities) of such Person as they mature in the ordinary course and (B) not less than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liabilities on such Person's then existing debts as they become absolute and matured considering all financing alternatives and potential asset sales reasonably available to such Person; (ii) such Person's capital is not unreasonably small in relation to its business or any contemplated or undertaken transaction; and (iii) such Person does not intend to incur, or believe (nor should it reasonably believe) that it will incur, debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they become due; and (b) such Person is "solvent" within the meaning given that term and similar terms under applicable Laws relating to fraudulent transfers and conveyances. For purposes of this definition, the debts and liabilities of a Person, contingent or otherwise, shall include the amount of all debts and liabilities that are relevant under Section 548 of Title 11 of the United States Code or any applicable provisions of comparable state law (collectively, the "Fraudulent Transfer Laws"), and the assets of a Person shall give effect to the value (as determined under the applicable provisions of the Fraudulent Transfer Laws) of any rights to subrogation, reimbursement, indemnification or contribution of such Person pursuant to applicable Law or pursuant to the terms of any agreement (including the Contribution Agreement). 23 "SPC" has the meaning specified in Section 10.06(h). "Special Notice Currency" means at any time an Alternative Currency, other than the currency of a country that is a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development at such time located in North America or Europe. "Spot Rate" for a currency means the rate determined by the Administrative Agent to be the rate quoted by the Person acting in such capacity as the spot rate for the purchase by such Person of such currency with another currency through its principal foreign exchange trading office at approximately 11:00 a.m. on the date two Business Days prior to the date as of which the foreign exchange computation is made; provided that the Administrative Agent may obtain such spot rate from another financial institution designated by the Administrative Agent if the Person acting in such capacity does not have as of the date of determination a spot buying rate for any such currency. "Sterling" and "(pound)" mean the lawful currency of the United Kingdom. "Subsidiary" of a Person means a corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or other business entity of which a majority of the shares of capital stock or other interests having ordinary voting power for the election of directors or other governing body (other than securities or interests having such power only by reason of the happening of a contingency) are at the time beneficially owned, or the management of which is otherwise controlled, directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, or both, by such Person. Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to a "Subsidiary" or to "Subsidiaries" shall refer to a Subsidiary or Subsidiaries of the Borrower. "Swap Contract" means (a) any and all rate swap transactions, basis swaps, credit derivative transactions, forward rate transactions, commodity swaps, commodity options, forward commodity contracts, equity or equity index swaps or options, bond or bond price or bond index swaps or options or forward bond or forward bond price or forward bond index transactions, interest rate options, forward foreign exchange transactions, cap transactions, floor transactions, collar transactions, currency swap transactions, cross-currency rate swap transactions, currency options, spot contracts, or any other similar transactions or any combination of any of the foregoing (including any options to enter into any of the foregoing), whether or not any such transaction is governed by or subject to any master agreement, and (b) any and all transactions of any kind, and the related confirmations, which are subject to the terms and conditions of, or governed by, any form of master agreement published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc., any International Foreign Exchange Master Agreement, or any other master agreement (any such master agreement, together with any related schedules, a "Master Agreement"), including any such obligations or liabilities under any Master Agreement. "Swap Termination Value" means, in respect of any one or more Swap Contracts, after taking into account the effect of any legally enforceable netting agreement relating to such Swap Contracts, (a) for any date on or after the date such Swap Contracts have been closed out and termination value(s) determined in accordance therewith, such termination value(s), and (b) for any date prior to the date referenced in clause (a), the amount(s) determined as the mark-to- 24 market value(s) for such Swap Contracts, as determined based upon one or more mid-market or other readily available quotations provided by any recognized dealer in such Swap Contracts (which may include a Lender or any Affiliate of a Lender). "Swing Line" means the revolving credit facility made available by the Swing Line Lender pursuant to Section 2.04. "Swing Line Borrowing" means a borrowing of a Swing Line Loan pursuant to Section 2.04. "Swing Line Lender" means Bank of America in its capacity as provider of Swing Line Loans, or any successor swing line lender hereunder. "Swing Line Loan" has the meaning specified in Section 2.04(a). "Swing Line Loan Notice" means a notice of a Swing Line Borrowing pursuant to Section 2.04(b), which, if in writing, shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit B. "Swing Line Sublimit" means an amount equal to the lesser of (a) $25,000,000 and (b) the Aggregate Commitments. The Swing Line Sublimit is part of, and not in addition to, the Aggregate Commitments. "Synthetic Lease Obligation" means the monetary obligation of a Person under (a) a so-called synthetic, off-balance sheet or tax retention lease, or (b) an agreement for the use or possession of property creating obligations that do not appear on the balance sheet of such Person but which, upon the insolvency or bankruptcy of such Person, would be characterized as the indebtedness of such Person (without regard to accounting treatment). "TARGET Day" means any day on which the Trans-European Automated Real-time Gross Settlement Express Transfer (TARGET) payment system (or, if such payment system ceases to be operative, such other payment system (if any) determined by the Administrative Agent to be a suitable replacement) is open for the settlement of payments in Euro. "Taxes" means all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, deductions, withholdings, assessments, fees or other charges imposed by any Governmental Authority, including any interest, additions to tax or penalties applicable thereto. "Threshold Amount" means $10,000,000. "Total Assets" has the meaning specified in the definition of "Material Subsidiary" and the amount thereof shall be calculated in accordance with the provisions set forth in such definition. "Total Outstandings" means the aggregate Outstanding Amount of all Loans and all L/C Obligations. 25 "Total Revenue" has the meaning specified in the definition of "Material Subsidiary" and the amount thereof shall be calculated in accordance with the provisions set forth in such definition. "Type" means, with respect to a Committed Loan, its character as a Base Rate Loan or a Eurocurrency Rate Loan. "Unfunded Pension Liability" means the excess of a Pension Plan's benefit liabilities under Section 4001(a)(16) of ERISA, over the current value of that Pension Plan's assets, determined in accordance with the assumptions used for funding the Pension Plan pursuant to Section 412 of the Code for the applicable plan year. "United States" and "U.S." mean the United States of America. "Unreimbursed Amount" has the meaning specified in Section 2.03(c)(i). "Voting Trust Agreement" means Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. 2001 Restated Voting Trust and Buy-Sell Agreement dated as of March 26, 2001, as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time. "Yen" and "(Y)" mean the lawful currency of Japan. 1.02 OTHER INTERPRETIVE PROVISIONS. With reference to this Agreement and each other Loan Document, unless otherwise specified herein or in such other Loan Document: (a) The definitions of terms herein shall apply equally to the singular and plural forms of the terms defined. Whenever the context may require, any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms. The words "include," "includes" and "including" shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase "without limitation." The word "will" shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect as the word "shall." Unless the context requires otherwise, (i) any definition of or reference to any agreement, instrument or other document (including any Organization Document) shall be construed as referring to such agreement, instrument or other document as from time to time amended, supplemented or otherwise modified (subject to any restrictions on such amendments, supplements or modifications set forth herein or in any other Loan Document), (ii) any reference herein to any Person shall be construed to include such Person's successors and assigns, (iii) the words "herein," "hereof" and "hereunder," and words of similar import when used in any Loan Document, shall be construed to refer to such Loan Document in its entirety and not to any particular provision thereof, (iv) all references in a Loan Document to Articles, Sections, Exhibits and Schedules shall be construed to refer to Articles and Sections of, and Exhibits and Schedules to, the Loan Document in which such references appear, (v) any reference to any law shall include all statutory and regulatory provisions consolidating, amending, replacing, repealing or interpreting such law and any reference to any law or regulation shall, unless otherwise specified, refer to such law or regulation as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, and (vi) the words "asset" and "property" shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect and to refer to any and all tangible and intangible assets and properties, including cash, securities, accounts and contract rights. 26 (b) In the computation of periods of time from a specified date to a later specified date, the word "from" means "from and including;" the words "to" and "until" each mean "to but excluding;" and the word "through" means "to and including." (c) Section headings herein and in the other Loan Documents are included for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of this Agreement or any other Loan Document. 1.03 ACCOUNTING TERMS. (a) Generally. All accounting terms not specifically or completely defined herein shall be construed in conformity with, and all financial data (including financial ratios and other financial calculations) required to be submitted pursuant to this Agreement shall be prepared in conformity with, GAAP applied on a consistent basis, as in effect from time to time, applied in a manner consistent with that used in preparing the Audited Financial Statements, except as otherwise specifically prescribed herein. (b) Changes in GAAP. If at any time any change in GAAP would affect the computation of any financial ratio or requirement set forth in any Loan Document, and either the Borrower or the Required Lenders shall so request, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Borrower shall negotiate in good faith to amend such ratio or requirement to preserve the original intent thereof in light of such change in GAAP (subject to the approval of the Required Lenders); provided that, until so amended, (i) such ratio or requirement shall continue to be computed in accordance with GAAP prior to such change therein and (ii) the Borrower shall provide to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders financial statements and other documents required under this Agreement or as reasonably requested hereunder setting forth a reconciliation between calculations of such ratio or requirement made before and after giving effect to such change in GAAP. (c) Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities. All references herein to consolidated financial statements of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries or to the determination of any amount for the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis or any similar reference shall, in each case, be deemed to include each variable interest entity that the Borrower is required to consolidate pursuant to FASB Interpretation No. 46 - Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities: an interpretation of ARB No. 51 (January 2003) as if such variable interest entity were a Subsidiary as defined herein. 1.04 EXCHANGE RATES; CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS. (a) The Administrative Agent shall determine the Spot Rates as of each Revaluation Date to be used for calculating Dollar Equivalent amounts of Committed Borrowings and Outstanding Amounts denominated in Alternative Currencies. Such Spot Rates shall become effective as of such Revaluation Date and shall be the Spot Rates employed in converting any amounts between the applicable currencies until the next Revaluation Date to occur. Except for purposes of financial statements delivered by Loan Parties hereunder or calculating financial covenants hereunder or except as otherwise provided herein, the applicable amount of any 27 currency (other than Dollars) for purposes of the Loan Documents shall be such Dollar Equivalent amount as so determined by the Administrative Agent. (b) Wherever in this Agreement in connection with a Committed Borrowing, conversion, continuation or prepayment of a Eurocurrency Rate Loan, an amount, such as a required minimum or multiple amount, is expressed in Dollars, but such Committed Borrowing or Eurocurrency Rate Loan is denominated in an Alternative Currency, such amount shall be the relevant Alternative Currency Equivalent of such Dollar amount (rounded to the nearest unit of such Alternative Currency, with 0.5 of a unit being rounded upward), as determined by the Administrative Agent. 1.05 ADDITIONAL ALTERNATIVE CURRENCIES. (a) The Borrower may from time to time request that Eurocurrency Rate Loans be made in a currency other than those specifically listed in the definition of "Alternative Currency;" provided that such requested currency is a lawful currency (other than Dollars) that is readily available and freely transferable and convertible into Dollars. In the case of any such request with respect to the making of Eurocurrency Rate Loans, such request shall be subject to the approval of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders. (b) Any such request shall be made to the Administrative Agent not later than 11:00 a.m., 20 Business Days prior to the date of the desired Credit Extension. The Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each Lender thereof. Each Lender shall notify the Administrative Agent, not later than 11:00 a.m., ten Business Days after receipt of such request whether it consents, in its sole discretion, to the making of Eurocurrency Rate Loans in such requested currency. (c) Any failure by a Lender to respond to such request within the time period specified in the preceding sentence shall be deemed to be a refusal by such Lender to permit Eurocurrency Rate Loans to be made in such requested currency. If the Administrative Agent and all the Lenders consent to making Eurocurrency Rate Loans in such requested currency, the Administrative Agent shall so notify the Borrower and such currency shall thereupon be deemed for all purposes to be an Alternative Currency hereunder for purposes of any Committed Borrowings of Eurocurrency Rate Loans. If the Administrative Agent shall fail to obtain consent to any request for an additional currency under this Section 1.05, the Administrative Agent shall promptly so notify the Borrower. 1.06 CHANGE OF CURRENCY. (a) Each obligation of the Borrower to make a payment denominated in the national currency unit of any member state of the European Union that adopts the Euro as its lawful currency after the date hereof shall be redenominated into Euro at the time of such adoption (in accordance with the EMU Legislation). If, in relation to the currency of any such member state, the basis of accrual of interest expressed in this Agreement in respect of that currency shall be inconsistent with any convention or practice in the London interbank market for the basis of accrual of interest in respect of the Euro, such expressed basis shall be replaced by such convention or practice with effect from the date on which such member state adopts the Euro as 28 its lawful currency; provided that if any Committed Borrowing in the currency of such member state is outstanding immediately prior to such date, such replacement shall take effect, with respect to such Committed Borrowing, at the end of the then current Interest Period. (b) Each provision of this Agreement shall be subject to such reasonable changes of construction as the Administrative Agent may from time to time specify to be appropriate to reflect the adoption of the Euro by any member state of the European Union and any relevant market conventions or practices relating to the Euro. (c) Each provision of this Agreement also shall be subject to such reasonable changes of construction as the Administrative Agent may from time to time specify to be appropriate to reflect a change in currency of any other country and any relevant market conventions or practices relating to the change in currency. 1.07 ROUNDING. Any financial ratios required to be maintained by the Borrower pursuant to this Agreement shall be calculated by dividing the appropriate component by the other component, carrying the result to one place more than the number of places by which such ratio is expressed herein and rounding the result up or down to the nearest number (with a rounding-up if there is no nearest number). 1.08 TIMES OF DAY. Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to times of day shall be references to Pacific time (daylight or standard, as applicable). 1.09 LETTER OF CREDIT AMOUNTS. Unless otherwise specified herein, the amount of a Letter of Credit at any time shall be deemed to be the stated amount of such Letter of Credit in effect at such time; provided, however, that with respect to any Letter of Credit that, by its terms or the terms of any Issuer Document related thereto, provides for one or more automatic increases in the stated amount thereof, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be deemed to be the maximum stated amount of such Letter of Credit after giving effect to all such increases, whether or not such maximum stated amount is in effect at such time. ARTICLE II. THE COMMITMENTS AND CREDIT EXTENSIONS 2.01 COMMITTED LOANS. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, each Lender severally agrees to make loans (each such loan, a "Committed Loan") to the Borrower in Dollars or in one or more Alternative Currencies from time to time, on any Business Day during the Availability Period, in an aggregate amount not to exceed at any time outstanding the amount of such Lender's Commitment; provided, however, that after giving effect to any Committed Borrowing, (i) the Total Outstandings shall not exceed the Aggregate Commitments, and (ii) the aggregate Outstanding Amount of the Committed Loans of any Lender, plus such Lender's Applicable Percentage of the Outstanding Amount of all L/C Obligations, plus such Lender's Applicable Percentage of the Outstanding Amount of all Swing Line Loans shall not exceed such Lender's Commitment, and (iii) the aggregate Outstanding Amount of all Committed Loans denominated in Alternative Currencies shall not exceed the Alternative Currency Sublimit. Within the limits of each Lender's Commitment, and subject to the other terms and conditions hereof, the Borrower may borrow under this Section 2.01, prepay under Section 2.05, and 29 reborrow under this Section 2.01. Committed Loans may be Base Rate Loans or Eurocurrency Rate Loans, as further provided herein. 2.02 BORROWINGS, CONVERSIONS AND CONTINUATIONS OF COMMITTED LOANS. (a) Each Committed Borrowing, each conversion of Committed Loans from one Type to the other, and each continuation of Eurocurrency Rate Loans shall be made upon the Borrower's irrevocable notice to the Administrative Agent, which may be given by telephone. Each such notice must be received by the Administrative Agent not later than 11:00 a.m. (i) three Business Days prior to the requested date of any Borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of Eurocurrency Rate Loans denominated in Dollars or of any conversion of Eurocurrency Rate Loans denominated in Dollars to Base Rate Committed Loans, (ii) four Business Days (or five Business Days in the case of a Special Notice Currency) prior to the requested date of any Borrowing or continuation of Eurocurrency Rate Loans denominated in Alternative Currencies, and (iii) on the requested date of any Borrowing of Base Rate Committed Loans. Each telephonic notice by the Borrower pursuant to this Section 2.02(a) must be confirmed promptly by delivery to the Administrative Agent of a written Committed Loan Notice, appropriately completed and signed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower. Each Borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of Eurocurrency Rate Loans shall be in a principal amount of $5,000,000 or a whole multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof. Except as provided in Sections 2.03(c) and 2.04(c), each Committed Borrowing of or conversion to Base Rate Committed Loans shall be in a principal amount of $500,000 or a whole multiple of $100,000 in excess thereof. Each Committed Loan Notice (whether telephonic or written) shall specify (i) whether the Borrower is requesting a Committed Borrowing, a conversion of Committed Loans from one Type to the other, or a continuation of Eurocurrency Rate Loans, (ii) the requested date of the Borrowing, conversion or continuation, as the case may be (which shall be a Business Day), (iii) the principal amount of Committed Loans to be borrowed, converted or continued, (iv) the Type of Committed Loans to be borrowed or to which existing Committed Loans are to be converted, (v) if applicable, the duration of the Interest Period with respect thereto, and (vi) the currency of the Committed Loans to be borrowed. If the Borrower fails to specify a currency in a Committed Loan Notice requesting a Borrowing, then the Committed Loans so requested shall be made in Dollars. If the Borrower fails to specify a Type of Committed Loan in a Committed Loan Notice or if the Borrower fails to give a timely notice requesting a conversion or continuation, then the applicable Committed Loans shall be made as, or converted to, Base Rate Loans; provided, however, that in the case of a failure to timely request a continuation of Committed Loans denominated in an Alternative Currency, such Loans shall be continued as Eurocurrency Rate Loans in their original currency with an Interest Period of one month. Any automatic conversion to Base Rate Loans shall be effective as of the last day of the Interest Period then in effect with respect to the applicable Eurocurrency Rate Loans. If the Borrower requests a Borrowing of, conversion to, or continuation of Eurocurrency Rate Loans in any such Committed Loan Notice, but fails to specify an Interest Period, it will be deemed to have specified an Interest Period of one month. No Committed Loan may be converted into or continued as a Committed Loan denominated in a different currency, but instead must be prepaid in the original currency of such Committed Loan and reborrowed in the other currency. (b) Following receipt of a Committed Loan Notice, the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each Lender of the amount (and currency) of its Applicable Percentage of the 30 applicable Committed Loans, and if no timely notice of a conversion or continuation is provided by the Borrower, the Administrative Agent shall notify each Lender of the details of any automatic conversion to Base Rate Loans or continuation of Committed Loans denominated in a currency other than Dollars, in each case as described in the preceding subsection. In the case of a Committed Borrowing, each Lender shall make the amount of its Committed Loan available to the Administrative Agent in Same Day Funds at the Administrative Agent's Office for the applicable currency not later than 1:00 p.m., in the case of any Committed Loan denominated in Dollars, and not later than the Applicable Time specified by the Administrative Agent in the case of any Committed Loan in an Alternative Currency, in each case on the Business Day specified in the applicable Committed Loan Notice. Upon satisfaction of the applicable conditions set forth in Section 4.02 (and, if such Borrowing is the initial Credit Extension, Section 4.01), the Administrative Agent shall make all funds so received available to the Borrower in like funds as received by the Administrative Agent either by (i) crediting the account of the Borrower on the books of Bank of America with the amount of such funds or (ii) wire transfer of such funds, in each case in accordance with instructions provided to (and reasonably acceptable to) the Administrative Agent by the Borrower; provided, however, that if, on the date the Committed Loan Notice with respect to such Borrowing denominated in Dollars is given by the Borrower, there are L/C Borrowings outstanding, then the proceeds of such Borrowing, first, shall be applied to the payment in full of any such L/C Borrowings, and, second, shall be made available to the Borrower as provided above. (c) Except as otherwise provided herein, a Eurocurrency Rate Loan may be continued or converted only on the last day of an Interest Period for such Eurocurrency Rate Loan. During the existence of a Default, no Loans may be requested as, converted to or continued as Eurocurrency Rate Loans (whether in Dollars or any Alternative Currency) without the consent of the Required Lenders, and the Required Lenders may demand that any or all of the then outstanding Eurocurrency Rate Loans denominated in an Alternative Currency be prepaid, or redenominated into Dollars in the amount of the Dollar Equivalent thereof, on the last day of the then current Interest Period with respect thereto. (d) The Administrative Agent shall promptly notify the Borrower and the Lenders of the interest rate applicable to any Interest Period for Eurocurrency Rate Loans upon determination of such interest rate. At any time that Base Rate Loans are outstanding, the Administrative Agent shall notify the Borrower and the Lenders of any change in Bank of America's prime rate used in determining the Base Rate promptly following the public announcement of such change. (e) After giving effect to all Committed Borrowings, all conversions of Committed Loans from one Type to the other, and all continuations of Committed Loans as the same Type, there shall not be more than ten Interest Periods in effect with respect to Committed Loans. 2.03 LETTERS OF CREDIT. (a) The Letter of Credit Commitment. (i) Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, (A) each L/C Issuer severally agrees, in reliance upon the agreements of the Lenders set forth in this 31 Section 2.03, (1) from time to time on any Business Day during the period from the Closing Date until the Letter of Credit Expiration Date, to issue Letters of Credit denominated in Dollars for the account of the Borrower, and to amend or extend Letters of Credit previously issued by it, in accordance with subsection (b) below, and (2) to honor drawings under the Letters of Credit; and (B) the Lenders severally agree to participate in Letters of Credit issued for the account of the Borrower and any drawings thereunder; provided that after giving effect to any L/C Credit Extension with respect to any Letter of Credit, (x) the Total Outstandings shall not exceed the Aggregate Commitments, (y) the aggregate Outstanding Amount of the Committed Loans of any Lender, plus such Lender's Applicable Percentage of the Outstanding Amount of all L/C Obligations, plus such Lender's Applicable Percentage of the Outstanding Amount of all Swing Line Loans shall not exceed such Lender's Commitment, and (z) the Outstanding Amount of the L/C Obligations shall not exceed the Letter of Credit Sublimit. Each request by the Borrower for the issuance or amendment of a Letter of Credit shall be deemed to be a representation by the Borrower that the L/C Credit Extension so requested complies with the conditions set forth in the proviso to the preceding sentence. Within the foregoing limits, and subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Borrower's ability to obtain Letters of Credit shall be fully revolving, and accordingly the Borrower may, during the foregoing period, obtain Letters of Credit to replace Letters of Credit that have expired or that have been drawn upon and reimbursed. (ii) No L/C Issuer shall issue any Letter of Credit, if: (A) subject to Section 2.03(b)(iii), the expiry date of such requested Letter of Credit would occur more than twelve months after the date of issuance or last extension, unless the Required Lenders have approved such expiry date; or (B) the expiry date of such requested Letter of Credit would occur after the Letter of Credit Expiration Date, unless all the Lenders have approved such expiry date. (iii) The L/C Issuer shall not be under any obligation to issue any Letter of Credit if: (A) any order, judgment or decree of any Governmental Authority or arbitrator shall by its terms purport to enjoin or restrain such L/C Issuer from issuing such Letter of Credit, or any Law applicable to such L/C Issuer or any request or directive (whether or not having the force of law) from any Governmental Authority with jurisdiction over such L/C Issuer shall prohibit, or request that such L/C Issuer refrain from, the issuance of letters of credit generally or such Letter of Credit in particular or shall impose upon such L/C Issuer with respect to such Letter of Credit any restriction, reserve or capital requirement (for which such L/C Issuer is not otherwise compensated hereunder) not in effect on the Closing Date, or shall impose upon such L/C Issuer any unreimbursed loss, cost or expense which was not applicable on the Closing Date and which such L/C Issuer in good faith deems material to it; 32 (B) the issuance of such Letter of Credit would violate one or more policies of such L/C Issuer; (C) except as otherwise agreed by the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer, such Letter of Credit is in an initial stated amount less than $100,000, in the case of a commercial Letter of Credit, or $500,000, in the case of a standby Letter of Credit; (D) such Letter of Credit is to be denominated in a currency other than Dollars; (E) such Letter of Credit contains any provisions for automatic reinstatement of the stated amount after any drawing thereunder; or (F) a default of any Lender's obligations to fund under Section 2.03(c) exists or any Lender is at such time a Defaulting Lender hereunder, unless such L/C Issuer has entered into satisfactory arrangements with the Borrower or such Lender to eliminate such L/C Issuer's risk with respect to such Lender. (iv) Such L/C Issuer shall not amend any Letter of Credit if such L/C Issuer would not be permitted at such time to issue such Letter of Credit in its amended form under the terms hereof. (v) Such L/C Issuer shall be under no obligation to amend any Letter of Credit if (A) such L/C Issuer would have no obligation at such time to issue such Letter of Credit in its amended form under the terms hereof, or (B) the beneficiary of such Letter of Credit does not accept the proposed amendment to such Letter of Credit. (vi) Such L/C Issuer shall act on behalf of the Lenders with respect to any Letters of Credit issued by it and the documents associated therewith, and such L/C Issuer shall have all of the benefits and immunities (A) provided to the Administrative Agent in Article IX with respect to any acts taken or omissions suffered by such L/C Issuer in connection with Letters of Credit issued by it or proposed to be issued by it and Issuer Documents pertaining to such Letters of Credit as fully as if the term "Administrative Agent" as used in Article IX included such L/C Issuer with respect to such acts or omissions, and (B) as additionally provided herein with respect to such L/C Issuer. (b) Procedures for Issuance and Amendment of Letters of Credit; Auto-Extension Letters of Credit. (i) Each Letter of Credit shall be issued or amended, as the case may be, upon the request of the Borrower delivered to the applicable L/C Issuer (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) in the form of a Letter of Credit Application, appropriately completed and signed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower. Such Letter of Credit Application must be received by the applicable L/C Issuer and the Administrative Agent not later than 11:00 a.m. at least three Business Days (or such later date and time as the Administrative Agent and the applicable L/C Issuer may agree in a particular instance in their sole 33 discretion) prior to the proposed issuance date or date of amendment, as the case may be. In the case of a request for an initial issuance of a Letter of Credit, such Letter of Credit Application shall specify in form and detail satisfactory to the applicable L/C Issuer: (A) the proposed issuance date of the requested Letter of Credit (which shall be a Business Day); (B) the amount thereof; (C) the expiry date thereof; (D) the name and address of the beneficiary thereof; (E) the documents to be presented by such beneficiary in case of any drawing thereunder; (F) the full text of any certificate to be presented by such beneficiary in case of any drawing thereunder; and (G) such other matters as the applicable L/C Issuer may require. In the case of a request for an amendment of any outstanding Letter of Credit, such Letter of Credit Application shall specify in form and detail satisfactory to the applicable L/C Issuer (A) the Letter of Credit to be amended; (B) the proposed date of amendment thereof (which shall be a Business Day); (C) the nature of the proposed amendment; and (D) such other matters as the applicable L/C Issuer may require. Additionally, the Borrower shall furnish to the applicable L/C Issuer and the Administrative Agent such other documents and information pertaining to such requested Letter of Credit issuance or amendment, including any Issuer Documents, as the applicable L/C Issuer or the Administrative Agent may require. (ii) Promptly after receipt of any Letter of Credit Application, the applicable L/C Issuer will confirm with the Administrative Agent (by telephone or in writing) that the Administrative Agent has received a copy of such Letter of Credit Application from the Borrower and, if not, the applicable L/C Issuer will provide the Administrative Agent with a copy thereof. Unless the applicable L/C Issuer has received written notice from any Lender, the Administrative Agent or any Loan Party, at least one Business Day prior to the requested date of issuance or amendment of the applicable Letter of Credit, that one or more applicable conditions contained in Article IV shall not then be satisfied, then, subject to the terms and conditions hereof, such L/C Issuer shall, on the requested date, issue a Letter of Credit for the account of the Borrower or enter into the applicable amendment, as the case may be, in each case in accordance with such L/C Issuer's usual and customary business practices. Immediately upon the issuance of each Letter of Credit, each Lender shall be deemed to, and hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees to, purchase from the applicable L/C Issuer a risk participation in such Letter of Credit in an amount equal to the product of such Lender's Applicable Percentage times the amount of such Letter of Credit. (iii) If the Borrower so requests in any applicable Letter of Credit Application, the applicable L/C Issuer may, in its sole and absolute discretion, agree to issue a Letter of Credit that has automatic extension provisions (each, an "Auto-Extension Letter of Credit"); provided that any such Auto-Extension Letter of Credit must permit such L/C Issuer to prevent any such extension at least once in each twelve-month period (commencing with the date of issuance of such Letter of Credit) by giving prior notice to the beneficiary thereof not later than a day (the "Non-Extension Notice Date") in each such twelve-month period to be agreed upon at the time such Letter of Credit is issued. Unless otherwise directed by the applicable L/C Issuer, the Borrower shall not be required to make a specific request to such L/C Issuer for any such extension. Once an Auto-Extension Letter of Credit has been issued, the Lenders shall be deemed to have authorized (but may not require) the applicable L/C Issuer to permit the extension of such 34 Letter of Credit at any time to an expiry date not later than the Letter of Credit Expiration Date; provided, however, that such L/C Issuer shall not permit any such extension if (A) such L/C Issuer has determined that it would not be permitted, or would have no obligation, at such time to issue such Letter of Credit in its revised form (as extended) under the terms hereof (by reason of the provisions of clause (ii) or (iii) of Section 2.03(a) or otherwise), or (B) it has received notice (which may be by telephone or in writing) on or before the day that is five Business Days before the Non-Extension Notice Date (1) from the Administrative Agent that the Required Lenders have elected not to permit such extension or (2) from the Administrative Agent, any Lender or the Borrower that one or more of the applicable conditions specified in Section 4.02 is not then satisfied, and in each such case directing such L/C Issuer not to permit such extension. (iv) Promptly after its delivery of any Letter of Credit or any amendment to a Letter of Credit to an advising bank with respect thereto or to the beneficiary thereof, the applicable L/C Issuer will also deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent a true and complete copy of such Letter of Credit or amendment. (c) Drawings and Reimbursements; Funding of Participations. (i) Upon receipt from the beneficiary of any Letter of Credit of any notice of a drawing under such Letter of Credit, the applicable L/C Issuer shall notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent thereof. Not later than 11:00 a.m. on the date of any payment by an L/C Issuer under a Letter of Credit (each such date, an "Honor Date"), the Borrower shall reimburse the applicable L/C Issuer through the Administrative Agent in an amount equal to the amount of such drawing. If the Borrower fails to so reimburse the applicable L/C Issuer by such time, the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each Lender of the Honor Date, the amount of the unreimbursed drawing (the "Unreimbursed Amount"), and the amount of such Lender's Applicable Percentage thereof. In such event, the Borrower shall be deemed to have requested a Committed Borrowing of Base Rate Loans to be disbursed on the Honor Date in an amount equal to the Unreimbursed Amount, without regard to the minimum and multiples specified in Section 2.02 for the principal amount of Base Rate Loans, but subject to the amount of the unutilized portion of the Aggregate Commitments and the conditions set forth in Section 4.02 (other than the delivery of a Committed Loan Notice). Any notice given by an L/C Issuer or the Administrative Agent pursuant to this Section 2.03(c)(i) may be given by telephone if immediately confirmed in writing; provided that the lack of such an immediate confirmation shall not affect the conclusiveness or binding effect of such notice. (ii) Each Lender shall upon any notice pursuant to Section 2.03(c)(i) make funds available to the Administrative Agent for the account of the applicable L/C Issuer, in Dollars, at the Administrative Agent's Office for Dollar-denominated payments in an amount equal to its Applicable Percentage of the Unreimbursed Amount not later than 1:00 p.m. on the Business Day specified in such notice by the Administrative Agent, whereupon, subject to the provisions of Section 2.03(c)(iii), each Lender that so makes funds available shall be deemed to have made a Base Rate Committed Loan to the 35 Borrower in such amount. The Administrative Agent shall remit the funds so received to the applicable L/C Issuer in Dollars. (iii) With respect to any Unreimbursed Amount that is not fully refinanced by a Committed Borrowing of Base Rate Loans because the conditions set forth in Section 4.02 cannot be satisfied or for any other reason, the Borrower shall be deemed to have incurred from the applicable L/C Issuer an L/C Borrowing in the amount of the Unreimbursed Amount that is not so refinanced, which L/C Borrowing shall be due and payable on demand (together with interest) and shall bear interest at the Default Rate. In such event, each Lender's payment to the Administrative Agent for the account of the applicable L/C Issuer pursuant to Section 2.03(c)(ii) shall be deemed payment in respect of its participation in such L/C Borrowing and shall constitute an L/C Advance from such Lender in satisfaction of its participation obligation under this Section 2.03. (iv) Until each Lender funds its Committed Loan or L/C Advance pursuant to this Section 2.03(c) to reimburse the applicable L/C Issuer for any amount drawn under any Letter of Credit, interest in respect of such Lender's Applicable Percentage of such amount shall be solely for the account of such L/C Issuer. (v) Each Lender's obligation to make Committed Loans or L/C Advances to reimburse the applicable L/C Issuer for amounts drawn under Letters of Credit, as contemplated by this Section 2.03(c), shall be absolute and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance, including (A) any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, defense or other right which such Lender may have against such L/C Issuer, the Borrower, any Subsidiary or any other Person for any reason whatsoever; (B) the occurrence or continuance of a Default, or (C) any other occurrence, event or condition, whether or not similar to any of the foregoing; provided, however, that each Lender's obligation to make Committed Loans pursuant to this Section 2.03(c) is subject to the conditions set forth in Section 4.02 (other than delivery by the Borrower of a Committed Loan Notice). No such making of an L/C Advance shall relieve or otherwise impair the obligation of the Borrower to reimburse the applicable L/C Issuer for the amount of any payment made by such L/C Issuer under any Letter of Credit, together with interest as provided herein. (vi) If any Lender fails to make available to the Administrative Agent for the account of the applicable L/C Issuer any amount required to be paid by such Lender pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.03(c) by the time specified in Section 2.03(c)(ii), such L/C Issuer shall be entitled to recover from such Lender (acting through the Administrative Agent), on demand, such amount with interest thereon for the period from the date such payment is required to the date on which such payment is immediately available to such L/C Issuer at a rate per annum equal to the applicable Overnight Rate from time to time in effect. A certificate of the applicable L/C Issuer submitted to any Lender (through the Administrative Agent) with respect to any amounts owing under this clause (vi) shall be conclusive absent manifest error. (d) Repayment of Participations. 36 (i) At any time after an L/C Issuer has made a payment under any Letter of Credit and has received from any Lender such Lender's L/C Advance in respect of such payment in accordance with Section 2.03(c), if the Administrative Agent receives for the account of such L/C Issuer any payment in respect of the related Unreimbursed Amount or interest thereon (whether directly from the Borrower or otherwise, including proceeds of Cash Collateral applied thereto by the Administrative Agent), the Administrative Agent will distribute to such Lender its Applicable Percentage thereof (appropriately adjusted, in the case of interest payments, to reflect the period of time during which such Lender's L/C Advance was outstanding) in Dollars and in the same funds as those received by the Administrative Agent. (ii) If any payment received by the Administrative Agent for the account of an L/C Issuer pursuant to Section 2.03(c)(i) is required to be returned under any of the circumstances described in Section 10.05 (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by such L/C Issuer in its discretion), each Lender shall pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of such L/C Issuer its Applicable Percentage thereof on demand of the Administrative Agent, plus interest thereon from the date of such demand to the date such amount is returned by such Lender, at a rate per annum equal to the applicable Overnight Rate from time to time in effect. The obligations of the Lenders under this clause shall survive the payment in full of the Obligations and the termination of this Agreement. (e) Obligations Absolute. The obligation of the Borrower to reimburse the applicable L/C Issuer for each drawing under each Letter of Credit issued by such L/C Issuer and to repay each L/C Borrowing shall be absolute, unconditional and irrevocable, and shall be paid strictly in accordance with the terms of this Agreement under all circumstances, including the following: (i) any lack of validity or enforceability of such Letter of Credit, this Agreement, or any other Loan Document; (ii) the existence of any claim, counterclaim, setoff, defense or other right that the Borrower or any Subsidiary may have at any time against any beneficiary or any transferee of such Letter of Credit (or any Person for whom any such beneficiary or any such transferee may be acting), the applicable L/C Issuer or any other Person, whether in connection with this Agreement, the transactions contemplated hereby or by such Letter of Credit or any agreement or instrument relating thereto, or any unrelated transaction; (iii) any draft, demand, certificate or other document presented under such Letter of Credit proving to be forged, fraudulent, invalid or insufficient in any respect or any statement therein being untrue or inaccurate in any respect; or any loss or delay in the transmission or otherwise of any document required in order to make a drawing under such Letter of Credit; (iv) any payment by the applicable L/C Issuer under such Letter of Credit against presentation of a draft or certificate that does not strictly comply with the terms of such Letter of Credit; or any payment made by such L/C Issuer under such Letter of Credit to any Person purporting to be a trustee in bankruptcy, debtor-in-possession, 37 assignee for the benefit of creditors, liquidator, receiver or other representative of or successor to any beneficiary or any transferee of such Letter of Credit, including any arising in connection with any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law; or (v) any other circumstance or happening whatsoever, whether or not similar to any of the foregoing, including any other circumstance that might otherwise constitute a defense available to, or a discharge of, the Borrower or any Subsidiary. The Borrower shall promptly examine a copy of each Letter of Credit and each amendment thereto that is delivered to it and, in the event of any claim of noncompliance with the Borrower's instructions or other irregularity, the Borrower will immediately notify the applicable L/C Issuer. The Borrower shall be conclusively deemed to have waived any such claim against the applicable L/C Issuer and its correspondents unless such notice is given as aforesaid. (f) Role of L/C Issuers. Each Lender and the Borrower agree that, in paying any drawing under a Letter of Credit, the applicable L/C Issuer shall not have any responsibility to obtain any document (other than any sight draft, certificates and documents expressly required by the Letter of Credit) or to ascertain or inquire as to the validity or accuracy of any such document or the authority of the Person executing or delivering any such document. None of the applicable L/C Issuer, the Administrative Agent, any of their respective Related Parties nor any correspondent, participant or assignee of the applicable L/C Issuer shall be liable to any Lender for (i) any action taken or omitted in connection herewith at the request or with the approval of the Lenders or the Required Lenders, as applicable; (ii) any action taken or omitted in the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct; or (iii) the due execution, effectiveness, validity or enforceability of any document or instrument related to any Letter of Credit or Issuer Document. The Borrower hereby assumes all risks of the acts or omissions of any beneficiary or transferee with respect to its use of any Letter of Credit; provided, however, that this assumption is not intended to, and shall not, preclude the Borrower's pursuing such rights and remedies as it may have against the beneficiary or transferee at law or under any other agreement. None of the applicable L/C Issuer, the Administrative Agent, any of their respective Related Parties nor any correspondent, participant or assignee of the applicable L/C Issuer shall be liable or responsible for any of the matters described in clauses (i) through (v) of Section 2.03(e); provided, however, that anything in such clauses to the contrary notwithstanding, the Borrower may have a claim against the applicable L/C Issuer, and such L/C Issuer may be liable to the Borrower, to the extent, but only to the extent, of any direct, as opposed to consequential or exemplary, damages suffered by the Borrower which the Borrower proves were caused by such L/C Issuer's willful misconduct or gross negligence or such L/C Issuer's willful failure to pay under any Letter of Credit after the presentation to it by the beneficiary of a sight draft and certificate(s) strictly complying with the terms and conditions of a Letter of Credit. In furtherance and not in limitation of the foregoing, an L/C Issuer may accept documents that appear on their face to be in order, without responsibility for further investigation, regardless of any notice or information to the contrary, and such L/C Issuer shall not be responsible for the validity or sufficiency of any instrument transferring or assigning or purporting to transfer or assign a Letter of Credit or the rights or benefits thereunder or proceeds thereof, in whole or in part, which may prove to be invalid or ineffective for any reason. 38 (g) Cash Collateral. (i) Upon the request of the Administrative Agent, (A) if an L/C Issuer has honored any full or partial drawing request under any Letter of Credit and such drawing has resulted in an L/C Borrowing, or (B) if, as of the Letter of Credit Expiration Date, any L/C Obligation for any reason remains outstanding, the Borrower shall, in each case, immediately Cash Collateralize the then Outstanding Amount of all L/C Obligations. (ii) Sections 2.05 and 8.02(c) set forth certain additional requirements to deliver Cash Collateral hereunder. For purposes of this Section 2.03, Section 2.05 and Section 8.02(c), "Cash Collateralize" means to pledge and deposit with or deliver to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the applicable L/C Issuers and the Lenders, as collateral for the L/C Obligations, cash or deposit account balances pursuant to documentation in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the applicable L/C Issuers (which documents are hereby consented to by the Lenders). Derivatives of such term have corresponding meanings. The Borrower hereby grants to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the applicable L/C Issuers and the Lenders, a security interest in all such cash, deposit accounts and all balances therein and all proceeds of the foregoing. Cash Collateral shall be maintained in blocked, non-interest bearing deposit accounts at Bank of America. (h) Applicability of ISP and UCP. Unless otherwise expressly agreed by the applicable L/C Issuer and the Borrower when a Letter of Credit is issued, (i) the rules of the ISP shall apply to each standby Letter of Credit, and (ii) the rules of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, as most recently published by the International Chamber of Commerce at the time of issuance shall apply to each commercial Letter of Credit. (i) Letter of Credit Fees. The Borrower shall pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of each Lender in accordance with its Applicable Percentage, in Dollars, a Letter of Credit fee (the "Letter of Credit Fee") (i) for each commercial Letter of Credit equal to 1% per annum times the daily amount available to be drawn under such Letter of Credit, and (ii) for each standby Letter of Credit equal to the Applicable Rate times the daily amount available to be drawn under such Letter of Credit. For purposes of computing the daily amount available to be drawn under any Letter of Credit, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be determined in accordance with Section 1.09. Letter of Credit Fees shall be (i) computed on a quarterly basis in arrears and (ii) due and payable on the first Business Day after the end of each March, June, September and December, commencing with the first such date to occur after the issuance of such Letter of Credit, on the Letter of Credit Expiration Date and thereafter on demand. If there is any change in the Applicable Rate during any quarter, the daily amount available to be drawn under each standby Letter of Credit shall be computed and multiplied by the Applicable Rate separately for each period during such quarter that such Applicable Rate was in effect. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, upon the request of the Required Lenders, while any Event of Default exists, all Letter of Credit Fees shall accrue at the Default Rate. (j) Fronting Fee and Documentary and Processing Charges Payable to L/C Issuer. The Borrower shall pay directly to the applicable L/C Issuer for its own account, in Dollars, a 39 fronting fee (i) with respect to each commercial Letter of Credit, at 0.125% per annum, computed on the amount of such Letter of Credit, and payable upon the issuance thereof, (ii) with respect to any amendment of a commercial Letter of Credit increasing the amount of such Letter of Credit, at a rate separately agreed between the Borrower and the applicable L/C Issuer, computed on the amount of such increase, and payable upon the effectiveness of such amendment, and (iii) with respect to each standby Letter of Credit, at 0.125% per annum, computed on the daily amount available to be drawn under such Letter of Credit on a quarterly basis in arrears. Such fronting fee shall be due and payable on the first Business Day after the end of each March, June, September and December in respect of the most recently-ended quarterly period (or portion thereof, in the case of the first payment), commencing with the first such date to occur after the issuance of such Letter of Credit, on the Letter of Credit Expiration Date and thereafter on demand. For purposes of computing the daily amount available to be drawn under any Letter of Credit, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be determined in accordance with Section 1.09. In addition, the Borrower shall pay directly to the applicable L/C Issuer for its own account, in Dollars, the customary issuance, presentation, amendment and other processing fees, and other standard costs and charges, of such L/C Issuer relating to letters of credit as from time to time in effect. Such customary fees and standard costs and charges are due and payable on demand and are nonrefundable. (k) Conflict with Issuer Documents. In the event of any conflict between the terms hereof and the terms of any Issuer Document, the terms hereof shall control. 2.04 SWING LINE LOANS. (a) The Swing Line. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Swing Line Lender agrees, in reliance upon the agreements of the other Lenders set forth in this Section 2.04, to make loans in Dollars (each such loan, a "Swing Line Loan") to the Borrower from time to time on any Business Day during the Availability Period in an aggregate amount not to exceed at any time outstanding the amount of the Swing Line Sublimit, notwithstanding the fact that such Swing Line Loans, when aggregated with the Applicable Percentage of the Outstanding Amount of Committed Loans and L/C Obligations of the Lender acting as Swing Line Lender, may exceed the amount of such Lender's Commitment; provided, however, that after giving effect to any Swing Line Loan, (i) the Total Outstandings shall not exceed the Aggregate Commitments, and (ii) the aggregate Outstanding Amount of the Committed Loans of any Lender, plus such Lender's Applicable Percentage of the Outstanding Amount of all L/C Obligations, plus such Lender's Applicable Percentage of the Outstanding Amount of all Swing Line Loans shall not exceed such Lender's Commitment, and provided, further, that the Borrower shall not use the proceeds of any Swing Line Loan to refinance any outstanding Swing Line Loan. Within the foregoing limits, and subject to the other terms and conditions hereof, the Borrower may borrow under this Section 2.04, prepay under Section 2.05, and reborrow under this Section 2.04. Each Swing Line Loan shall be a Base Rate Loan. Immediately upon the making of a Swing Line Loan, each Lender shall be deemed to, and hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees to, purchase from the Swing Line Lender a risk participation in such Swing Line Loan in an amount equal to the product of such Lender's Applicable Percentage times the amount of such Swing Line Loan. 40 (b) Borrowing Procedures. Each Swing Line Borrowing shall be made upon the Borrower's irrevocable notice to the Swing Line Lender and the Administrative Agent, which may be given by telephone. Each such notice must be received by the Swing Line Lender and the Administrative Agent not later than 1:00 p.m. on the requested borrowing date, and shall specify (i) the amount to be borrowed, which shall be a minimum of $100,000, and (ii) the requested borrowing date, which shall be a Business Day. Each such telephonic notice must be confirmed promptly by delivery to the Swing Line Lender and the Administrative Agent of a written Swing Line Loan Notice, appropriately completed and signed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower. Promptly after receipt by the Swing Line Lender of any telephonic Swing Line Loan Notice, the Swing Line Lender will confirm with the Administrative Agent (by telephone or in writing) that the Administrative Agent has also received such Swing Line Loan Notice and, if not, the Swing Line Lender will notify the Administrative Agent (by telephone or in writing) of the contents thereof. Unless the Swing Line Lender has received notice (by telephone or in writing) from the Administrative Agent (including at the request of any Lender) prior to 2:00 p.m. on the date of the proposed Swing Line Borrowing (A) directing the Swing Line Lender not to make such Swing Line Loan as a result of the limitations set forth in the proviso to the first sentence of Section 2.04(a), or (B) that one or more of the applicable conditions specified in Article IV is not then satisfied, then, subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Swing Line Lender will, not later than 3:00 p.m. on the borrowing date specified in such Swing Line Loan Notice, make the amount of its Swing Line Loan available to the Borrower at its office by crediting the account of the Borrower on the books of the Swing Line Lender in Same Day Funds. (c) Refinancing of Swing Line Loans. (i) The Swing Line Lender at any time in its sole and absolute discretion may request, on behalf of the Borrower (which hereby irrevocably authorizes the Swing Line Lender to so request on its behalf), that each Lender make a Base Rate Committed Loan in an amount equal to such Lender's Applicable Percentage of the amount of Swing Line Loans then outstanding. Such request shall be made in writing (which written request shall be deemed to be a Committed Loan Notice for purposes hereof) and in accordance with the requirements of Section 2.02, without regard to the minimum and multiples specified therein for the principal amount of Base Rate Loans, but subject to the unutilized portion of the Aggregate Commitments and the conditions set forth in Section 4.02. The Swing Line Lender shall furnish the Borrower with a copy of the applicable Committed Loan Notice promptly after delivering such notice to the Administrative Agent. Each Lender shall make an amount equal to its Applicable Percentage of the amount specified in such Committed Loan Notice available to the Administrative Agent in Same Day Funds for the account of the Swing Line Lender at the Administrative Agent's Office for Dollar-denominated payments not later than 1:00 p.m. on the day specified in such Committed Loan Notice, whereupon, subject to Section 2.04(c)(ii), each Lender that so makes funds available shall be deemed to have made a Base Rate Committed Loan to the Borrower in such amount. The Administrative Agent shall remit the funds so received to the Swing Line Lender. (ii) If for any reason any Swing Line Loan cannot be refinanced by such a Committed Borrowing in accordance with Section 2.04(c)(i), the request for Base Rate Committed Loans submitted by the Swing Line Lender as set forth herein shall be 41 deemed to be a request by the Swing Line Lender that each of the Lenders fund its risk participation in the relevant Swing Line Loan and each Lender's payment to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Swing Line Lender pursuant to Section 2.04(c)(i) shall be deemed payment in respect of such participation. (iii) If any Lender fails to make available to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Swing Line Lender any amount required to be paid by such Lender pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.04(c) by the time specified in Section 2.04(c)(i), the Swing Line Lender shall be entitled to recover from such Lender (acting through the Administrative Agent), on demand, such amount with interest thereon for the period from the date such payment is required to the date on which such payment is immediately available to the Swing Line Lender at a rate per annum equal to the applicable Overnight Rate from time to time in effect. A certificate of the Swing Line Lender submitted to any Lender (through the Administrative Agent) with respect to any amounts owing under this clause (iii) shall be conclusive absent manifest error. (iv) Each Lender's obligation to make Committed Loans or to purchase and fund risk participations in Swing Line Loans pursuant to this Section 2.04(c) shall be absolute and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance, including (A) any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, defense or other right which such Lender may have against the Swing Line Lender, the Borrower or any other Person for any reason whatsoever, (B) the occurrence or continuance of a Default, or (C) any other occurrence, event or condition, whether or not similar to any of the foregoing; provided, however, that each Lender's obligation to make Committed Loans pursuant to this Section 2.04(c) is subject to the conditions set forth in Section 4.02. No such funding of risk participations shall relieve or otherwise impair the obligation of the Borrower to repay Swing Line Loans, together with interest as provided herein. (d) Repayment of Participations. (i) At any time after any Lender has purchased and funded a risk participation in a Swing Line Loan, if the Swing Line Lender receives any payment on account of such Swing Line Loan, the Swing Line Lender will distribute to such Lender its Applicable Percentage of such payment (appropriately adjusted, in the case of interest payments, to reflect the period of time during which such Lender's risk participation was funded) in the same funds as those received by the Swing Line Lender. (ii) If any payment received by the Swing Line Lender in respect of principal or interest on any Swing Line Loan is required to be returned by the Swing Line Lender under any of the circumstances described in Section 10.05 (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by the Swing Line Lender in its discretion), each Lender shall pay to the Swing Line Lender its Applicable Percentage thereof on demand of the Administrative Agent, plus interest thereon from the date of such demand to the date such amount is returned, at a rate per annum equal to the applicable Overnight Rate. The Administrative Agent will make such demand upon the request of the Swing Line Lender. The obligations of the Lenders under this clause shall survive the payment in full of the Obligations and the termination of this Agreement. 42 (e) Interest for Account of Swing Line Lender. The Swing Line Lender shall be responsible for invoicing the Borrower for interest on the Swing Line Loans. Until each Lender funds its Base Rate Committed Loan or risk participation pursuant to this Section 2.04 to refinance such Lender's Applicable Percentage of any Swing Line Loan, interest in respect of such Applicable Percentage shall be solely for the account of the Swing Line Lender. (f) Payments Directly to Swing Line Lender. The Borrower shall make all payments of principal and interest in respect of the Swing Line Loans directly to the Swing Line Lender. 2.05 PREPAYMENTS. (a) The Borrower may, upon notice from the Borrower to the Administrative Agent, at any time or from time to time voluntarily prepay Committed Loans in whole or in part without premium or penalty; provided that (i) such notice must be received by the Administrative Agent not later than 11:00 a.m. (A) three Business Days prior to any date of prepayment of Eurocurrency Rate Loans denominated in Dollars, (B) four Business Days (or five, in the case of prepayment of Loans denominated in Special Notice Currencies) prior to any date of prepayment of Eurocurrency Rate Loans denominated in Alternative Currencies , and (C) on the date of prepayment of Base Rate Committed Loans; (ii) any prepayment of Eurocurrency Rate Loans denominated in Dollars shall be in a principal amount of $5,000,000 or a whole multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof; (iii) any prepayment of Eurocurrency Rate Loans denominated in Alternative Currencies shall be in a minimum principal amount of $5,000,000 or a whole multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof; and (iv) any prepayment of Base Rate Committed Loans shall be in a principal amount of $500,000 or a whole multiple of $100,000 in excess thereof or, in each case, if less, the entire principal amount thereof then outstanding. Each such notice shall specify the date and amount of such prepayment and the Type(s) of Committed Loans to be prepaid and, if Eurocurrency Loans are to be prepaid, the Interest Period(s) of such Loans. The Administrative Agent will promptly notify each Lender of its receipt of each such notice, and of the amount of such Lender's Applicable Percentage of such prepayment. If such notice is given by the Borrower, the Borrower shall make such prepayment and the payment amount specified in such notice shall be due and payable on the date specified therein. Any prepayment of a Eurocurrency Rate Loan shall be accompanied by all accrued interest on the amount prepaid, together with any additional amounts required pursuant to Section 3.05. Each such prepayment shall be applied to the Committed Loans of the Lenders in accordance with their respective Applicable Percentages. (b) The Borrower may, upon notice to the Swing Line Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), at any time or from time to time, voluntarily prepay Swing Line Loans in whole or in part without premium or penalty; provided that (i) such notice must be received by the Swing Line Lender and the Administrative Agent not later than 1:00 p.m. on the date of the prepayment, and (ii) any such prepayment shall be in a minimum principal amount of $100,000. Each such notice shall specify the date and amount of such prepayment. If such notice is given by the Borrower, the Borrower shall make such prepayment and the payment amount specified in such notice shall be due and payable on the date specified therein. (c) If the Administrative Agent notifies the Borrower at any time that the Total Outstandings at such time exceed an amount equal to 105% of the Aggregate Commitments then 43 in effect, then, within two Business Days after receipt of such notice, the Borrower shall prepay Loans and/or the Borrower shall Cash Collateralize the L/C Obligations in an aggregate amount sufficient to reduce such Outstanding Amount as of such date of payment to an amount not to exceed 100% of the Aggregate Commitments then in effect; provided, however, that, subject to the provisions of Section 2.03(g)(ii), the Borrower shall not be required to Cash Collateralize the L/C Obligations pursuant to this Section 2.05(c) unless after the prepayment in full of the Loans the Total Outstandings exceed the Aggregate Commitments then in effect. The Administrative Agent may, at any time and from time to time after the initial deposit of such Cash Collateral, request that additional Cash Collateral be provided in order to protect against the results of further exchange rate fluctuations. (d) If the Administrative Agent notifies the Borrower at any time that the Outstanding Amount of all Loans denominated in Alternative Currencies at such time exceeds an amount equal to 105% of the Alternative Currency Sublimit then in effect, then, within two Business Days after receipt of such notice, the Borrower shall prepay Loans in an aggregate amount sufficient to reduce such Outstanding Amount as of such date of payment to an amount not to exceed 100% of the Alternative Currency Sublimit then in effect. 2.06 TERMINATION OR REDUCTION OF COMMITMENTS. The Borrower may, upon notice to the Administrative Agent, terminate the Aggregate Commitments, or from time to time permanently reduce the Aggregate Commitments; provided that (i) any such notice shall be received by the Administrative Agent not later than 11:00 a.m. five Business Days prior to the date of termination or reduction, (ii) any such partial reduction shall be in an aggregate amount of $10,000,000 or any whole multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof, (iii) the Borrower shall not terminate or reduce the Aggregate Commitments if, after giving effect thereto and to any concurrent prepayments hereunder, the Total Outstandings would exceed the Aggregate Commitments, and (iv) if, after giving effect to any reduction of the Aggregate Commitments, the Alternative Currency Sublimit, the Letter of Credit Sublimit or the Swing Line Sublimit exceeds the amount of the Aggregate Commitments, such Sublimit shall be automatically reduced by the amount of such excess. The Administrative Agent will promptly notify the Lenders of any such notice of termination or reduction of the Aggregate Commitments. The amount of any such Aggregate Commitment reduction shall not be applied to the Alternative Currency Sublimit or the Letter of Credit Sublimit unless otherwise specified by the Borrower. Any reduction of the Aggregate Commitments shall be applied to the Commitment of each Lender according to its Applicable Percentage. All fees accrued until the effective date of any termination of the Aggregate Commitments shall be paid on the effective date of such termination. 2.07 REPAYMENT OF LOANS. (a) The Borrower shall repay to the Lenders on the Maturity Date the aggregate principal amount of Committed Loans made to the Borrower outstanding on such date. (b) The Borrower shall repay each Swing Line Loan on the earlier to occur of (i) the date ten Business Days after such Loan is made and (ii) the Maturity Date. 44 2.08 INTEREST. (a) Subject to the provisions of subsection (b) below, (i) each Eurocurrency Rate Loan shall bear interest on the outstanding principal amount thereof for each Interest Period at a rate per annum equal to the Eurocurrency Rate for such Interest Period plus the Applicable Rate plus (in the case of a Eurocurrency Rate Loan of any Lender which is lent from a Lending Office in the United Kingdom or a Participating Member State) the Mandatory Cost; (ii) each Base Rate Committed Loan shall bear interest on the outstanding principal amount thereof from the applicable borrowing date at a rate per annum equal to the Base Rate plus the Applicable Rate; and (iii) each Swing Line Loan shall bear interest on the outstanding principal amount thereof from the applicable borrowing date at a rate per annum equal to the Base Rate plus the Applicable Rate. (b) (i) If any amount of principal of any Loan is not paid when due (without regard to any applicable grace periods), whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise, such amount shall thereafter bear interest at a fluctuating interest rate per annum at all times equal to the Default Rate to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Laws. (ii) If any amount (other than principal of any Loan) payable by the Borrower under any Loan Document is not paid when due (without regard to any applicable grace periods), whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise, then upon the request of the Required Lenders, such amount shall thereafter bear interest at a fluctuating interest rate per annum at all times equal to the Default Rate to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Laws. (iii) Upon the request of the Required Lenders, while any Event of Default exists, the Borrower shall pay interest on the principal amount of all outstanding Obligations hereunder at a fluctuating interest rate per annum at all times equal to the Default Rate to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Laws. (iv) Accrued and unpaid interest on past due amounts (including interest on past due interest) shall be due and payable upon demand. (c) Interest on each Loan shall be due and payable in arrears on each Interest Payment Date applicable thereto and at such other times as may be specified herein. Interest hereunder shall be due and payable in accordance with the terms hereof before and after judgment, and before and after the commencement of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law. 2.09 FEES. In addition to certain fees described in subsections (i) and (j) of Section 2.03: (a) Commitment Fee. The Borrower shall pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of each Lender in accordance with its Applicable Percentage, a commitment fee in Dollars equal to the Applicable Rate times the actual daily amount by which the Aggregate Commitments exceed the sum of (i) the Outstanding Amount of Committed Loans and (ii) the Outstanding Amount of L/C Obligations. The commitment fee shall accrue at all times during the Availability Period, including at any time during which one or more of the conditions in 45 Article IV is not met, and shall be due and payable quarterly in arrears on the first Business Day after the end of each March, June, September and December, commencing with the first such date to occur after the Closing Date, and on the Maturity Date. The commitment fee shall be calculated quarterly in arrears, and if there is any change in the Applicable Rate during any quarter, the actual daily amount shall be computed and multiplied by the Applicable Rate separately for each period during such quarter that such Applicable Rate was in effect. (b) Other Fees. (i) The Borrower shall pay to the Arranger and the Administrative Agent for their own respective accounts, in Dollars, fees in the amounts and at the times specified in the Fee Letter. Such fees shall be fully earned when paid and shall not be refundable for any reason whatsoever. (ii) The Borrower shall pay to the Lenders, in Dollars, such fees as shall have been separately agreed upon in writing in the amounts and at the times so specified. Such fees shall be fully earned when paid and shall not be refundable for any reason whatsoever. 2.10 COMPUTATION OF INTEREST AND FEES. All computations of interest for Base Rate Loans when the Base Rate is determined by Bank of America's "prime rate" shall be made on the basis of a year of 365 or 366 days, as the case may be, and actual days elapsed. All other computations of fees and interest shall be made on the basis of a 360-day year and actual days elapsed (which results in more fees or interest, as applicable, being paid than if computed on the basis of a 365-day year), or, in the case of interest in respect of Committed Loans denominated in Alternative Currencies as to which market practice differs from the foregoing, in accordance with such market practice. Interest shall accrue on each Loan for the day on which the Loan is made, and shall not accrue on a Loan, or any portion thereof, for the day on which the Loan or such portion is paid, provided that any Loan that is repaid on the same day on which it is made shall, subject to Section 2.12(a), bear interest for one day. Each determination by the Administrative Agent of an interest rate or fee hereunder shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes, absent manifest error. 2.11 EVIDENCE OF DEBT. (a) The Credit Extensions made by each Lender shall be evidenced by one or more accounts or records maintained by such Lender and by the Administrative Agent in the ordinary course of business. The accounts or records maintained by the Administrative Agent and each Lender shall be conclusive absent manifest error of the amount of the Credit Extensions made by the Lenders to the Borrower and the interest and payments thereon. Any failure to so record or any error in doing so shall not, however, limit or otherwise affect the obligation of the Borrower hereunder to pay any amount owing with respect to the Obligations. In the event of any conflict between the accounts and records maintained by any Lender and the accounts and records of the Administrative Agent in respect of such matters, the accounts and records of the Administrative Agent shall control in the absence of manifest error. Upon the request of any Lender to the Borrower made through the Administrative Agent, the Borrower shall execute and deliver to such Lender (through the Administrative Agent) a Note, which shall evidence such Lender's 46 Loans to the Borrower in addition to such accounts or records. Each Lender may attach schedules to its Note and endorse thereon the date, Type (if applicable), amount, currency and maturity of its Loans and payments with respect thereto. (b) In addition to the accounts and records referred to in subsection (a), each Lender and the Administrative Agent shall maintain in accordance with its usual practice accounts or records evidencing the purchases and sales by such Lender of participations in Letters of Credit and Swing Line Loans. In the event of any conflict between the accounts and records maintained by the Administrative Agent and the accounts and records of any Lender in respect of such matters, the accounts and records of the Administrative Agent shall control in the absence of manifest error. 2.12 PAYMENTS GENERALLY; ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT'S CLAWBACK. (a) General. All payments to be made by the Borrower shall be made without condition or deduction for any counterclaim, defense, recoupment or setoff provided, however, that the foregoing shall not override any contrary provision contained in any Swap Contract. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein and except with respect to principal of and interest on Loans denominated in an Alternative Currency, all payments by the Borrower hereunder shall be made to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the respective Lenders to which such payment is owed, at the applicable Administrative Agent's Office in Dollars and in Same Day Funds not later than 1:00 p.m. on the date specified herein. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all payments by the Borrower hereunder with respect to principal and interest on Loans denominated in an Alternative Currency shall be made to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the respective Lenders to which such payment is owed, at the applicable Administrative Agent's Office in such Alternative Currency and in Same Day Funds not later than the Applicable Time specified by the Administrative Agent on the dates specified herein. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Administrative Agent may require that any payments due under this Agreement be made in the United States. If, for any reason, the Borrower is prohibited by any Law from making any required payment hereunder in an Alternative Currency, the Borrower shall make such payment in Dollars in the Dollar Equivalent of the Alternative Currency payment amount. The Administrative Agent will promptly distribute to each Lender its Applicable Percentage (or other applicable share as provided herein) of such payment in like funds as received by wire transfer to such Lender's Lending Office. All payments received by the Administrative Agent (i) after 1:00 p.m., in the case of payments in Dollars, or (ii) after the Applicable Time specified by the Administrative Agent in the case of payments in an Alternative Currency, shall in each case be deemed received on the next succeeding Business Day and any applicable interest or fee shall continue to accrue. If any payment to be made by the Borrower shall come due on a day other than a Business Day, payment shall be made on the next following Business Day, and such extension of time shall be reflected in computing interest or fees, as the case may be. (b) Automatic Deduction. On each date when the payment of any principal, interest or fees are due hereunder or under any Note, the Borrower agrees to maintain on deposit in an ordinary checking account maintained by Borrower with Agent (as such account shall be designated by the Borrower in a written notice to the Administrative Agent from time to time, the "Borrower Account") an amount sufficient to pay such principal, interest or fees in full. The Borrower hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent (i) to deduct automatically all principal, 47 interest or fees when due hereunder, or under the Notes form the Borrower Account, and (ii) if and to the extent any payment under this Agreement or any other Loan Document is not made when due, to deduct automatically any such amount from any or all of the accounts of the Borrower maintained with Bank of America. The Administrative Agent agrees to provide timely notice to the Borrower of any automatic deduction made pursuant to this subsection (b). (c) (i) Funding by Lenders; Presumption by Administrative Agent. Unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from a Lender prior to the proposed date of any Committed Borrowing of Eurocurrency Rate Loans (or, in the case of any Committed Borrowing of Base Rate Loans, prior to 12:00 noon on the date of such Committed Borrowing) that such Lender will not make available to the Administrative Agent such Lender's share of such Committed Borrowing, the Administrative Agent may assume that such Lender has made such share available on such date in accordance with Section 2.02 (or, in the case of a Committed Borrowing of Base Rate Loans, that such Lender has made such share available in accordance with and at the time required by Section 2.02) and may, in reliance upon such assumption, make available to the Borrower a corresponding amount. In such event, if a Lender has not in fact made its share of the applicable Committed Borrowing available to the Administrative Agent, then the applicable Lender and the Borrower severally agree to pay to the Administrative Agent forthwith on demand such corresponding amount in Same Day Funds with interest thereon, for each day from and including the date such amount is made available to the Borrower to but excluding the date of payment to the Administrative Agent, at (A) in the case of a payment to be made by such Lender, the Overnight Rate and (B) in the case of a payment to be made by the Borrower, the interest rate applicable to Base Rate Loans. If the Borrower and such Lender shall pay such interest to the Administrative Agent for the same or an overlapping period, the Administrative Agent shall promptly remit to the Borrower the amount of such interest paid by the Borrower for such period. If such Lender pays its share of the applicable Committed Borrowing to the Administrative Agent, then the amount so paid shall constitute such Lender's Committed Loan included in such Committed Borrowing. Any payment by the Borrower shall be without prejudice to any claim the Borrower may have against a Lender that shall have failed to make such payment to the Administrative Agent. (ii) Payments by Borrower; Presumptions by Administrative Agent. Unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from the Borrower prior to the date on which any payment is due to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Lenders or an L/C Issuer hereunder that the Borrower will not make such payment, the Administrative Agent may assume that the Borrower has made such payment on such date in accordance herewith and may, in reliance upon such assumption, distribute to the Lenders or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, the amount due. In such event, if the Borrower has not in fact made such payment, then each of the Lenders or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, severally agrees to repay to the Administrative Agent forthwith on demand the amount so distributed to such Lender or such L/C Issuer, in Same Day Funds with interest thereon, for each day from and including the date such amount is distributed to it to but excluding the date of payment to the Administrative Agent, at the Overnight Rate. A notice of the Administrative Agent to any Lender or the Borrower with respect to any amount owing under this subsection (c) shall be conclusive, absent manifest error. 48 (d) Failure to Satisfy Conditions Precedent. If any Lender makes available to the Administrative Agent funds for any Loan to be made by such Lender to the Borrower as provided in the foregoing provisions of this Article II, and such funds are not made available to the Borrower by the Administrative Agent because the conditions to the applicable Credit Extension set forth in Article IV are not satisfied or waived in accordance with the terms hereof, the Administrative Agent shall return such funds (in like funds as received from such Lender) to such Lender, without interest. (e) Obligations of Lenders Several. The obligations of the Lenders hereunder to make Committed Loans, to fund participations in Letters of Credit and Swing Line Loans and to make payments pursuant to Section 10.04(c) are several and not joint. The failure of any Lender to make any Committed Loan, to fund any such participation or to make any payment under Section 10.04(c) on any date required hereunder shall not relieve any other Lender of its corresponding obligation to do so on such date, and no Lender shall be responsible for the failure of any other Lender to so make its Committed Loan, to purchase its participation or to make its payment under Section 10.04(c). (f) Funding Source. Nothing herein shall be deemed to obligate any Lender to obtain the funds for any Loan in any particular place or manner or to constitute a representation by any Lender that it has obtained or will obtain the funds for any Loan in any particular place or manner. 2.13 SHARING OF PAYMENTS BY LENDERS. If any Lender shall, by exercising any right of setoff or counterclaim or otherwise, obtain payment in respect of any principal of or interest on any of the Committed Loans made by it, or the participations in L/C Obligations or in Swing Line Loans held by it resulting in such Lender's receiving payment of a proportion of the aggregate amount of such Committed Loans or participations and accrued interest thereon greater than its pro rata share thereof as provided herein, then the Lender receiving such greater proportion shall (a) notify the Administrative Agent of such fact, and (b) purchase (for cash at face value) participations in the Committed Loans and subparticipations in L/C Obligations and Swing Line Loans of the other Lenders, or make such other adjustments as shall be equitable, so that the benefit of all such payments shall be shared by the Lenders ratably in accordance with the aggregate amount of principal of and accrued interest on their respective Committed Loans and other amounts owing them, provided that: (a) if any such participations or subparticipations are purchased and all or any portion of the payment giving rise thereto is recovered, such participations or subparticipations shall be rescinded and the purchase price restored to the extent of such recovery, without interest; and (b) the provisions of this Section shall not be construed to apply to (x) any payment made by the Borrower pursuant to and in accordance with the express terms of this Agreement or (y) any payment obtained by a Lender as consideration for the assignment of or sale of a participation in any of its Committed Loans or subparticipations in L/C Obligations or Swing Line Loans to any assignee or participant, other than to the Borrower or any Subsidiary thereof (as to which the provisions of this Section shall apply). 49 The Borrower consents to the foregoing and agrees, to the extent it may effectively do so under applicable Laws, that any Lender acquiring a participation pursuant to the foregoing arrangements may exercise against the Borrower rights of setoff and counterclaim with respect to such participation as fully as if such Lender were a direct creditor of the Borrower in the amount of such participation. 2.14 INCREASE IN COMMITMENTS. (a) Request for Increase. Provided there exists no Default, upon notice to the Administrative Agent (which shall promptly notify the Lenders), the Borrower may from time to time, request an increase in the Aggregate Commitments by an amount (for all such requests) not exceeding $100,000,000; provided that (i) any such request for an increase shall be in a minimum amount of $25,000,000, and (ii) the Borrower may make a maximum of three such requests. At the time of sending such notice, the Borrower (in consultation with the Administrative Agent) shall specify the time period within which each Lender is requested to respond (which shall in no event be less than ten Business Days from the date of delivery of such notice to the Lenders). (b) Lender Elections to Increase. Each Lender shall notify the Administrative Agent within such time period whether or not it agrees to increase its Commitment and, if so, whether by an amount equal to, greater than, or less than its Applicable Percentage of such requested increase. Any Lender not responding within such time period shall be deemed to have declined to increase its Commitment. (c) Notification by Administrative Agent; Additional Lenders. The Administrative Agent shall notify the Borrower and each Lender of the Lenders' responses to each request made hereunder. To achieve the full amount of a requested increase and subject to the approval of the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuers (which approvals shall not be unreasonably withheld), the Borrower may also invite additional Eligible Assignees to become Lenders pursuant to a joinder agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and its counsel. (d) Effective Date and Allocations. If the Aggregate Commitments are increased in accordance with this Section, the Administrative Agent and the Borrower shall determine the effective date (the "Increase Effective Date") and the final allocation of such increase. The Administrative Agent shall promptly notify the Borrower and the Lenders of the final allocation of such increase and the Increase Effective Date. (e) Conditions to Effectiveness of Increase. As a condition precedent to such increase, the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent a certificate of each Loan Party dated as of the Increase Effective Date (in sufficient copies for each Lender) signed by a Responsible Officer of such Loan Party (i) certifying and attaching the resolutions adopted by such Loan Party approving or consenting to such increase, and (ii) in the case of the Borrower, certifying that, before and after giving effect to such increase, (A) the representations and warranties contained in Article V and the other Loan Documents are true and correct on and as of the Increase Effective Date, except to the extent that such representations and warranties specifically refer to an earlier date, in which case they are true and correct as of such earlier date, 50 and except that for purposes of this Section 2.14, the representations and warranties contained in subsections (a) and (b) of Section 5.05 shall be deemed to refer to the most recent statements furnished pursuant to clauses (a) and (b), respectively, of Section 6.01, and (B) no Default exists. The Borrower shall prepay any Committed Loans outstanding on the Increase Effective Date (and pay any additional amounts required pursuant to Section 3.05) to the extent necessary to keep the outstanding Committed Loans ratable with any revised Applicable Percentages arising from any nonratable increase in the Commitments under this Section. (f) Conflicting Provisions. This Section shall supersede any provisions in Sections 2.13 or 10.01 to the contrary. ARTICLE III. TAXES, YIELD PROTECTION AND ILLEGALITY 3.01 TAXES. (a) Payments Free of Taxes. Any and all payments by or on account of any obligation of the Borrower hereunder or under any other Loan Document shall be made free and clear of and without reduction or withholding for any Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes, provided that if the Borrower shall be required by applicable Laws to deduct any Indemnified Taxes (including any Other Taxes) from such payments, then (i) the sum payable shall be increased as necessary so that after making all required deductions (including deductions applicable to additional sums payable under this Section) the Administrative Agent, Lender or L/C Issuer, as the case may be, receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such deductions been made, (ii) the Borrower shall make such deductions and (iii) the Borrower shall timely pay the full amount deducted to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable Laws. (b) Payment of Other Taxes by the Borrower. Without limiting the provisions of subsection (a) above, the Borrower shall timely pay any Other Taxes to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable Laws. (c) Indemnification by the Borrower. The Borrower shall indemnify the Administrative Agent, each Lender and each L/C Issuer, within 30 days after demand therefor, for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes (including Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under this Section) paid by the Administrative Agent, such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, and any penalties, interest and reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to the Borrower by a Lender or an L/C Issuer (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), or by the Administrative Agent on its own behalf or on behalf of a Lender or an L/C Issuer, shall be conclusive absent manifest error. (d) Evidence of Payments. As soon as practicable after any payment of Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes by the Borrower to a Governmental Authority, the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent the original or a certified copy of a receipt issued by such 51 Governmental Authority evidencing such payment, a copy of the return reporting such payment or other evidence of such payment reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. (e) Status of Lenders. Any Foreign Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding tax under the law of the jurisdiction in which the Borrower is resident for tax purposes, or any treaty to which such jurisdiction is a party, with respect to payments hereunder or under any other Loan Document shall deliver to the Borrower (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), at the time or times prescribed by applicable Laws or reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, such properly completed and executed documentation prescribed by applicable Laws as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate of withholding. In addition, any Lender, if requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, shall deliver such other documentation prescribed by applicable Laws or reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent as will enable the Borrower or the Administrative Agent to determine whether or not such Lender is subject to backup withholding or information reporting requirements, including, for each Lender that is a "United States person" within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code, duly completed copies of Internal Revenue Service Form W-9. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in the event that the Borrower is resident for tax purposes in the United States, any Foreign Lender shall deliver to Borrower and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, but only if such Foreign Lender is legally entitled to do so), whichever of the following is applicable: (i) duly completed copies of Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN claiming eligibility for benefits of an income tax treaty to which the United States is a party, (ii) duly completed copies of Internal Revenue Service Form W-8ECI, (iii) in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of the exemption for portfolio interest under section 881(c) of the Code, (x) a certificate to the effect that such Foreign Lender is not (A) a "bank" within the meaning of section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (B) a "10 percent shareholder" of the Borrower within the meaning of section 881(c)(3)(B) of the Code, or (C) a "controlled foreign corporation" described in section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code and (y) duly completed copies of Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN, or (iv) any other form prescribed by applicable Law as a basis for claiming exemption from or a reduction in United States Federal withholding tax duly completed together with such supplementary documentation as may be prescribed by applicable Law to permit the Borrower to determine the withholding or deduction required to be made. Without limiting the obligations of the Lenders set forth above regarding delivery of certain forms and documents to establish each Lender's status for U.S. withholding tax purposes, 52 each Lender agrees promptly to deliver to the Administrative Agent or the Borrower, as the Administrative Agent or the Borrower shall reasonably request, on or prior to the Closing Date, and in a timely fashion thereafter, such other documents and forms required by any relevant taxing authorities under the Laws of any other jurisdiction, duly executed and completed by such Lender, as are required under such Laws to confirm such Lender's entitlement to any available exemption from, or reduction of, applicable withholding taxes in respect of all payments to be made to such Lender outside of the U.S. by the Borrower pursuant to this Agreement or otherwise to establish such Lender's status for withholding tax purposes in such other jurisdiction. Each Lender shall promptly (i) notify the Administrative Agent of any change in circumstances which would modify or render invalid any such claimed exemption or reduction, and (ii) take such steps as shall not be materially disadvantageous to it, in the reasonable judgment of such Lender, and as may be reasonably necessary (including the re-designation of its Lending Office) to avoid any requirement of applicable Laws of any such jurisdiction that the Borrower make any deduction or withholding for taxes from amounts payable to such Lender. Additionally, each of the Borrower shall promptly deliver to the Administrative Agent or any Lender, as the Administrative Agent or such Lender shall reasonably request, on or prior to the Closing Date, and in a timely fashion thereafter, such documents and forms required by any relevant taxing authorities under the Laws of any jurisdiction, duly executed and completed by the Borrower, as are required to be furnished by such Lender or the Administrative Agent under such Laws in connection with any payment by the Administrative Agent or any Lender of Taxes or Other Taxes, or otherwise in connection with the Loan Documents, with respect to such jurisdiction. (f) Treatment of Certain Refunds. If the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer determines, in its sole discretion, that it has received a refund of any Taxes or Other Taxes as to which it has been indemnified by the Borrower or with respect to which the Borrower has paid additional amounts pursuant to this Section, it shall pay to the Borrower an amount equal to such refund (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made, or additional amounts paid, by the Borrower under this Section with respect to the Taxes or Other Taxes giving rise to such refund), net of all out-of-pocket expenses of the Administrative Agent, such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Governmental Authority with respect to such refund), provided that the Borrower, upon the request of the Administrative Agent, such Lender or such L/C Issuer, agrees to repay the amount paid over to the Borrower (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Governmental Authority) to the Administrative Agent, such Lender or such L/C Issuer in the event the Administrative Agent, such Lender or such L/C Issuer is required to repay such refund to such Governmental Authority. This subsection shall not be construed to require the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer to make available its tax returns (or any other information relating to its taxes that it deems confidential) to the Borrower or any other Person. 3.02 ILLEGALITY. If any Lender determines that any Law has made it unlawful, or that any Governmental Authority has asserted that it is unlawful, for any Lender or its applicable Lending Office to make, maintain or fund Eurocurrency Rate Loans (whether denominated in Dollars or an Alternative Currency), or to determine or charge interest rates based upon the Eurocurrency Rate, or any Governmental Authority has imposed material restrictions on the authority of such Lender to purchase or sell, or to take deposits of, Dollars or any Alternative 53 Currency in the applicable interbank market, then, on prompt notice thereof by such Lender to the Borrower through the Administrative Agent, any obligation of such Lender to make or continue Eurocurrency Rate Loans in the affected currency or currencies or, in the case of Eurocurrency Rate Loans in Dollars, to convert Base Rate Committed Loans to Eurocurrency Rate Loans, shall be suspended until such Lender notifies the Administrative Agent and the Borrower that the circumstances giving rise to such determination no longer exist. Upon receipt of such notice, the Borrower shall, upon demand from such Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), prepay or, if applicable and such Loans are denominated in Dollars, convert all such Eurocurrency Rate Loans of such Lender to Base Rate Loans, either on the last day of the Interest Period therefor, if such Lender may lawfully continue to maintain such Eurocurrency Rate Loans to such day, or immediately, if such Lender may not lawfully continue to maintain such Eurocurrency Rate Loans. Upon any such prepayment or conversion, the Borrower shall also pay accrued interest on the amount so prepaid or converted. 3.03 INABILITY TO DETERMINE RATES. If the Required Lenders determine that for any reason in connection with any request for a Eurocurrency Rate Loan or a conversion to or continuation thereof that (a) deposits (whether in Dollars or an Alternative Currency) are not being offered to banks in the applicable offshore interbank market for such currency for the applicable amount and Interest Period of such Eurocurrency Rate Loan, (b) adequate and reasonable means do not exist for determining the Eurocurrency Rate for any requested Interest Period with respect to a proposed Eurocurrency Rate Loan (whether denominated in Dollars or an Alternative Currency), or (c) the Eurocurrency Rate for any requested Interest Period with respect to a proposed Eurocurrency Rate Loan does not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to such Lenders of funding such Eurocurrency Rate Loan, the Administrative Agent will promptly so notify the Borrower and each Lender. Thereafter, the obligation of the Lenders to make or maintain Eurocurrency Rate Loans in the affected currency or currencies shall be suspended until the Administrative Agent (upon the instruction of the Required Lenders) revokes such notice. Upon receipt of such notice, the Borrower may revoke any pending request for a Borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of Eurocurrency Rate Loans in the affected currency or currencies or, failing that, will be deemed to have converted such request into a request for a Committed Borrowing of Base Rate Loans in the amount specified therein. 3.04 INCREASED COSTS; RESERVES ON EUROCURRENCY RATE LOANS. (a) Increased Costs Generally. If any Change in Law shall: (i) impose, modify or deem applicable any reserve, special deposit, compulsory loan, insurance charge or similar requirement against assets of, deposits with or for the account of, or credit extended or participated in by, any Lender (except (A) any reserve requirement contemplated by Section 3.04(e) and (B) the requirements of the Bank of England and the Financial Services Authority or the European Central Bank reflected in the Mandatory Cost, other than as set forth below) or any L/C Issuer; (ii) subject any Lender or any L/C Issuer to any tax of any kind whatsoever with respect to this Agreement, any Letter of Credit, any participation in a Letter of Credit or any Eurocurrency Rate Loan made by it, or change the basis of taxation of payments to such Lender or such L/C Issuer in respect thereof (except for Indemnified 54 Taxes or Other Taxes covered by Section 3.01 and the imposition of, or any change in the rate of, any Excluded Tax payable by such Lender or such L/C Issuer); (iii) cause the Mandatory Cost, as calculated hereunder, to not represent the cost to any Lender of complying with the requirements of the Bank of England and/or the Financial Services Authority or the European Central Bank in relation to its making, funding or maintaining Eurocurrency Rate Loans; or (iv) impose on any Lender or any L/C Issuer or the London interbank market any other condition, cost or expense affecting this Agreement or Eurocurrency Rate Loans made by such Lender or any Letter of Credit or participation therein which such Lender or L/C Issuer in good faith deems material; and the result of any of the foregoing shall be to increase the cost to such Lender of making or maintaining any Eurocurrency Rate Loan (or of maintaining its obligation to make any such Loan), or to increase the cost to such Lender or such L/C Issuer of participating in, issuing or maintaining any Letter of Credit (or of maintaining its obligation to participate in or to issue any Letter of Credit), or to reduce the amount of any sum received or receivable by such Lender or such L/C Issuer hereunder (whether of principal, interest or any other amount) then, upon request of such Lender or such L/C Issuer, the Borrower will pay to such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, for such additional costs incurred or reduction suffered. (b) Capital Requirements. If any Lender or any L/C Issuer determines that any Change in Law affecting such Lender or such L/C Issuer or any Lending Office of such Lender or such Lender's or such L/C Issuer's holding company, if any, regarding capital requirements has or would have the effect of reducing the rate of return on such Lender's or such L/C Issuer's capital or on the capital of such Lender's or such L/C Issuer's holding company, if any, as a consequence of this Agreement, the Commitments of such Lender or the Loans made by, or participations in Letters of Credit held by, such Lender, or the Letters of Credit issued by such L/C Issuer, to a level below that which such Lender or such L/C Issuer or such Lender's or such L/C Issuer's holding company could have achieved but for such Change in Law (taking into consideration such Lender's or such L/C Issuer's policies and the policies of such Lender's or such L/C Issuer's holding company with respect to capital adequacy), then from time to time the Borrower will pay to such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or such L/C Issuer or such Lender's or such L/C Issuer's holding company for any such reduction suffered. (c) Certificates for Reimbursement. A certificate of a Lender or an L/C Issuer setting forth the amount or amounts necessary to compensate such Lender or such L/C Issuer or its holding company, as the case may be, as specified in subsection (a) or (b) of this Section and delivered to the Borrower shall be conclusive absent manifest error. The Borrower shall pay such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, the amount shown as due on any such certificate within 10 days after receipt thereof. (d) Delay in Requests. Failure or delay on the part of any Lender or any L/C Issuer to demand compensation pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section shall not constitute a 55 waiver of such Lender's or such L/C Issuer's right to demand such compensation, provided that the Borrower shall not be required to compensate a Lender or an L/C Issuer pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section for any increased costs incurred or reductions suffered more than six months prior to the date that such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, notifies the Borrower of the Change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions and of such Lender's or such L/C Issuer's intention to claim compensation therefor (except that, if the Change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions is retroactive, then the six-month period referred to above shall be extended to include the period of retroactive effect thereof). (e) Additional Reserve Requirements. The Borrower shall pay to each Lender, (i) as long as such Lender shall be required to maintain reserves with respect to liabilities or assets consisting of or including Eurocurrency funds or deposits (currently known as "Eurocurrency liabilities"), additional interest on the unpaid principal amount of each Eurocurrency Rate Loan equal to the actual costs of such reserves allocated to such Loan by such Lender (as determined by such Lender in good faith, which determination shall be conclusive), and (ii) as long as such Lender shall be required to comply with any reserve ratio requirement or analogous requirement of any other central banking or financial regulatory authority imposed in respect of the maintenance of the Commitments or the funding of the Eurocurrency Rate Loans, such additional costs (expressed as a percentage per annum and rounded upwards, if necessary, to the nearest five decimal places) equal to the actual costs allocated to such Commitment or Loan by such Lender (as determined by such Lender in good faith, which determination shall be conclusive), which in each case shall be due and payable on each date on which interest is payable on such Loan, provided the Borrower shall have received at least 15 days' prior notice (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) of such additional interest or costs from such Lender. If a Lender fails to give notice 15 days prior to the relevant Interest Payment Date, such additional interest or costs shall be due and payable 15 days from receipt of such notice. (f) Requirements Specific to a Lender or L/C Issuer. Notwithstanding any provision in subsections (a) and (b) of this Section 3.04 to the contrary, this Section shall not impose any payment obligation upon the Borrower if the increase in the cost to or the reduction in the amount of any sum received or receivable by the Lender or the L/C Issuer making a claim for compensation under subsections (a) and (b) of this Section 3.04 resulted not from the general application of an introduction of or a change in or in the interpretation of a Law, but instead resulted from specific requirements or directives imposed by a Governmental Authority only upon the Lender or the L/C Issuer making a claim for compensation under subsections (a) and (b) of this Section 3.04. 3.05 COMPENSATION FOR LOSSES. Upon demand of any Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) from time to time, the Borrower shall promptly compensate such Lender for and hold such Lender harmless from any loss, cost or expense incurred by it as a result of: (a) any continuation, conversion, payment or prepayment of any Loan other than a Base Rate Loan on a day other than the last day of the Interest Period for such Loan (whether voluntary, mandatory, automatic, by reason of acceleration, or otherwise); 56 (b) any failure by the Borrower (for a reason other than the failure of such Lender to make a Loan) to prepay, borrow, continue or convert any Loan other than a Base Rate Loan on the date or in the amount notified by the Borrower; (c) any failure by the Borrower to make payment of any Loan (or interest due thereon) denominated in an Alternative Currency on its scheduled due date or any payment thereof in a different currency; or (d) any assignment of a Eurocurrency Rate Loan on a day other than the last day of the Interest Period therefor as a result of a request by the Borrower pursuant to Section 10.13; including any loss of anticipated profits, any foreign exchange losses and any loss or expense arising from the liquidation or reemployment of funds obtained by it to maintain such Loan, from fees payable to terminate the deposits from which such funds were obtained or from the performance of any foreign exchange contract. The Borrower shall also pay any customary administrative fees charged by such Lender in connection with the foregoing. For purposes of calculating amounts payable by the Borrower to the Lenders under this Section 3.05, each Lender shall be deemed to have funded each Eurocurrency Rate Loan made by it at the Eurocurrency Rate for such Loan by a matching deposit or other borrowing in the offshore interbank market for such currency for a comparable amount and for a comparable period, whether or not such Eurocurrency Rate Loan was in fact so funded. 3.06 MITIGATION OBLIGATIONS; REPLACEMENT OF LENDERS. (a) Designation of a Different Lending Office. If any Lender requests compensation under Section 3.04, or the Borrower is required to pay any additional amount to any Lender or any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender pursuant to Section 3.01, or if any Lender gives a notice pursuant to Section 3.02, then such Lender shall use reasonable efforts to designate a different Lending Office for funding or booking its Loans hereunder or to assign its rights and obligations hereunder to another of its offices, branches or affiliates, if, in the reasonable judgment of such Lender, such designation or assignment (i) would eliminate or reduce amounts payable pursuant to Section 3.01 or 3.04 , as the case may be, in the future, or eliminate the need for the notice pursuant to Section 3.02, as applicable, and (ii) in each case, would not subject such Lender to any unreimbursed cost or expense and would not otherwise be disadvantageous to such Lender. The Borrower hereby agrees to pay all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by any Lender in connection with any such designation or assignment. (b) Replacement of Lenders. If any Lender requests compensation under Section 3.04, or if the Borrower is required to pay any additional amount to any Lender or any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender pursuant to Section 3.04, the Borrower may replace such Lender in accordance with Section 10.13. 3.07 SURVIVAL. All of the Borrower's obligations under this Article III shall survive termination of the Aggregate Commitments and repayment of all other Obligations hereunder. 57 ARTICLE IV. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO CREDIT EXTENSIONS 4.01 CONDITIONS OF INITIAL CREDIT EXTENSION. The obligation of each Lender and each L/C Issuer to make its initial Credit Extension hereunder is subject to satisfaction of the following conditions precedent: (a) The Administrative Agent's receipt of the following, each of which shall be originals or telecopies (followed promptly by originals) unless otherwise specified, each properly executed by a Responsible Officer of the signing Loan Party, each dated the Closing Date (or, in the case of certificates of governmental officials, a recent date before the Closing Date) and each in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders: (i) executed counterparts of this Agreement, the Guaranty and the Contribution Agreement, sufficient in number for distribution to the Administrative Agent, each Lender and the Borrower; (ii) Notes executed by the Borrower in favor of each Lender requesting Notes; (iii) such certificates of resolutions or other action, incumbency certificates and/or other certificates of Responsible Officers of each Loan Party as the Administrative Agent may require evidencing the identity, authority and capacity of each Responsible Officer thereof authorized to act as a Responsible Officer in connection with this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which such Loan Party is a party; (iv) such documents and certifications as the Administrative Agent may reasonably require to evidence that the Borrower and each other Loan Party is duly organized or formed, and that the Borrower and each other Loan Party is validly existing, in good standing and qualified to engage in business in each jurisdiction where its ownership, lease or operation of properties or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except to the extent that failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; (v) a favorable opinion of Stoel Rives LLP, counsel to the Loan Parties, addressed to the Administrative Agent and each Lender, as to the matters set forth in Exhibit H and such other matters concerning the Loan Parties and the Loan Documents as the Required Lenders may reasonably request; (vi) a certificate of a Responsible Officer of each Loan Party either (A) attaching copies of all consents, licenses and approvals required in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by such Loan Party and the validity against such Loan Party of the Loan Documents to which it is a party, and such consents, licenses and approvals shall be in full force and effect, or (B) stating that no such consents, licenses or approvals are so required; (vii) a certificate signed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower certifying (A) that the conditions specified in Sections 4.02(a) and 4.02(b) have been satisfied, (B) that there has been no event or circumstance since May 31, 2005 that has had or 58 could be reasonably expected to have, either individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect; and (C) a calculation of the Consolidated Leverage Ratio as of the last day of the fiscal quarter of the Borrower most recently ended prior to the Closing Date; (viii) such other assurances, certificates, documents, consents or opinions as the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuers, the Swing Line Lender or the Required Lenders reasonably may require. (b) Any fees required to be paid on or before the Closing Date shall have been paid. (c) Unless waived by the Administrative Agent, the Borrower shall have paid all Attorney Costs of the Administrative Agent to the extent invoiced prior to or on the Closing Date, plus such additional amounts of Attorney Costs as shall constitute its reasonable estimate of Attorney Costs incurred or to be incurred by it through the closing proceedings (provided that such estimate shall not thereafter preclude a final settling of accounts between the Borrower and the Administrative Agent). (d) The Closing Date shall have occurred on or before November 11, 2005. Without limiting the generality of the provisions of Section 9.04, for purposes of determining compliance with the conditions specified in this Section 4.01, each Lender that has signed this Agreement shall be deemed to have consented to, approved or accepted or to be satisfied with, each document or other matter required thereunder to be consented to or approved by or acceptable or satisfactory to a Lender unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from such Lender prior to the proposed Closing Date specifying its objection thereto. 4.02 CONDITIONS TO ALL CREDIT EXTENSIONS. The obligation of each Lender to honor any Request for Credit Extension (other than a Committed Loan Notice requesting only a conversion of Committed Loans to the other Type, or a continuation of Eurocurrency Rate Loans) is subject to the following conditions precedent: (a) The representations and warranties of (i) the Borrower contained in Article V and (ii) each Loan Party contained in each other Loan Document or in any document furnished at any time under or in connection herewith or therewith, shall be true and correct on and as of the date of such Credit Extension, except to the extent that such representations and warranties specifically refer to an earlier date, in which case they shall be true and correct as of such earlier date, and except that for purposes of this Section 4.02, the representations and warranties contained in subsections (a) and (b) of Section 5.05 shall be deemed to refer to the most recent statements furnished pursuant to clauses (a) and (b), respectively, of Section 6.01. (b) No Default shall exist, or would result from such proposed Credit Extension or the application of the proceeds thereof. (c) The Administrative Agent and, if applicable, the applicable L/C Issuer or the Swing Line Lender shall have received a Request for Credit Extension in accordance with the requirements hereof. 59 (d) In the case of a Borrowing to be denominated in an Alternative Currency, there shall not have occurred any change in national or international financial, political or economic conditions or currency exchange rates or exchange controls which in the reasonable opinion of the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders would make it impracticable for such Borrowing to be denominated in the relevant Alternative Currency. Each Request for Credit Extension (other than a Committed Loan Notice requesting only a conversion of Committed Loans to the other Type or a continuation of Eurocurrency Rate Loans) submitted by the Borrower shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty that the conditions specified in Sections 4.02(a) and 4.02(b) have been satisfied on and as of the date of the applicable Credit Extension. ARTICLE V. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES The Borrower represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that: 5.01 EXISTENCE, QUALIFICATION AND POWER; COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS. Each Loan Party (a) is duly organized or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, (b) has all requisite power and authority and all requisite governmental licenses, authorizations, consents and approvals to (i) own or lease its assets and carry on its business and (ii) execute, deliver and perform its obligations under the Loan Documents to which it is a party, (c) is duly qualified and is licensed and in good standing under the Laws of each jurisdiction where its ownership, lease or operation of properties or the conduct of its business requires such qualification or license, and (d) is in compliance with all Laws; except in each case referred to in clause (b)(i), (c) or (d), to the extent that failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 5.02 AUTHORIZATION; NO CONTRAVENTION. The execution, delivery and performance by each Loan Party of each Loan Document to which such Person is party, have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or other organizational action, and do not and will not (a) contravene the terms of any of such Person's Organization Documents; (b) conflict with or result in any breach or contravention of, or the creation of any Lien under, or require any payment to be made under (i) any Contractual Obligation to which such Person is a party or affecting such Person or the properties of such Person or any of its Subsidiaries or (ii) any order, injunction, writ or decree of any Governmental Authority or any arbitral award to which such Person or its property is subject; or (c) violate any Law. 5.03 GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORIZATION; OTHER CONSENTS. No approval, consent, exemption, authorization, or other action by, or notice to, or filing with, any Governmental Authority or any other Person is necessary or required in connection with the execution, delivery or performance by, or enforcement against, any Loan Party of this Agreement or any other Loan Document. 5.04 BINDING EFFECT. This Agreement has been, and each other Loan Document, when delivered hereunder, will have been, duly executed and delivered by each Loan Party that is party thereto. This Agreement constitutes, and each other Loan Document when so delivered 60 will constitute, a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Loan Party, enforceable against each Loan Party that is party thereto in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other Laws affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights generally. 5.05 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS; NO MATERIAL ADVERSE EFFECT. (a) The Audited Financial Statements (i) were prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied throughout the period covered thereby, except as otherwise expressly noted therein; (ii) fairly present the financial condition of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of the date thereof and their results of operations for the period covered thereby in accordance with GAAP consistently applied throughout the period covered thereby, except as otherwise expressly noted therein; and (iii) to the extent required by GAAP, show all material indebtedness and other liabilities, direct or contingent, of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of the date thereof, including liabilities for taxes, material commitments and Indebtedness. (b) The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries dated May 31, 2005, and the related condensed consolidated statements of income or operations, shareholders' equity and cash flows for the nine month period ended on that date (i) were prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied throughout the period covered thereby, except as otherwise expressly noted therein, (ii) fairly present the financial condition of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of the date thereof and their results of operations for the period covered thereby, subject, in the case of clauses (i) and (ii), to the absence of certain footnotes and to normal year-end audit adjustments, and (iii) to the extent required by GAAP, show all material indebtedness and other liabilities, direct or contingent, of the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of the date of such financial statements, not otherwise reflected in the most recent statements furnished pursuant to Section 6.01(a), including liabilities for taxes, material commitments and Indebtedness. (c) Since the date of the Audited Financial Statements, there has been no event or circumstance, either individually or in the aggregate, that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect other than the FCPA Investigation and matters specifically disclosed in Schedules 5.06, 5.09 and 5.12. 5.06 LITIGATION. There are no actions, suits, proceedings, claims or disputes pending or, to the knowledge of the Borrower after due and diligent investigation, threatened or contemplated, at law, in equity, in arbitration or before any Governmental Authority, by or against the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries or against any of their properties or revenues that (a) purport to affect or pertain to this Agreement or any other Loan Document, or any of the transactions contemplated hereby, or (b) except as specifically disclosed in Schedule 5.06, either individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 5.07 NO DEFAULT. Neither the Borrower nor any Subsidiary is in default under or with respect to any Contractual Obligation to which such Person is a party or affecting such Person or the properties of such Person or any of its Subsidiaries that could, either individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. No Default has occurred 61 and is continuing or would result from the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any other Loan Document. 5.08 OWNERSHIP OF PROPERTY; LIENS. Each of the Borrower and each Subsidiary has good record and marketable title in fee simple to, or valid leasehold interests in, all real property necessary or used in the ordinary conduct of its business, except for such defects in title as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The property of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries is subject to no Liens, other than Liens permitted by Section 7.01. 5.09 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE. The Borrower and its Subsidiaries conduct in the ordinary course of business a review of the effect of existing Environmental Laws and claims alleging potential liability or responsibility for violation of any Environmental Law on their respective businesses, operations and properties, and as a result thereof the Borrower has reasonably concluded that, except as specifically disclosed in Schedule 5.09, such Environmental Laws and claims could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 5.10 INSURANCE. The properties of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries are insured with financially sound and reputable insurance companies not Affiliates of the Borrower, in such amounts (after giving effect to any self-insurance compatible with the following standards), with such deductibles and covering such risks as are customarily carried by companies engaged in similar businesses and owning similar properties in localities where the Borrower or the applicable Subsidiary operates. 5.11 TAXES. The Borrower and its Subsidiaries have filed all Federal, state and other material tax returns and reports required to be filed, and have paid all Federal, state and other material taxes, assessments, fees and other governmental charges levied or imposed upon them or their properties, income or assets otherwise due and payable, except those which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted and for which adequate reserves have been provided in accordance with GAAP. There is no proposed tax assessment against the Borrower or any Subsidiary that would, if made, have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither any Loan Party nor any Subsidiary thereof is party to any tax sharing agreement. 5.12 ERISA COMPLIANCE. Except as specifically disclosed on Schedule 5.12 and, other than with respect to clause (d) below, except for matters that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect: (a) Each Plan is in compliance in all material respects with the applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code and other Federal or state Laws. Each Plan that is intended to qualify under Section 401(a) of the Code has received a favorable determination letter from the IRS or an application for such a letter is currently being processed by the IRS with respect thereto or the remedial amendment period during which the Plan may be submitted to the IRS for such a letter has not expired and, to the best knowledge of the Borrower, nothing has occurred which would prevent, or cause the loss of, such qualification. The Borrower and each ERISA Affiliate have made all required contributions to each Plan subject to Section 412 of the Code, and no 62 application for a funding waiver or an extension of any amortization period pursuant to Section 412 of the Code has been made with respect to any Plan. (b) There are no pending or, to the best knowledge of the Borrower, threatened claims, actions or lawsuits, or action by any Governmental Authority, with respect to any Plan. There has been no prohibited transaction or violation of the fiduciary responsibility rules with respect to any Plan. (c) (i) No ERISA Event has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur, except with respect to any Multiemployer Plan (A) the Borrower has no knowledge of the occurrence of any ERISA Event and (B) no ERISA Event of the types described in clauses (b) or (c) of the definition of ERISA Event has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur; (ii) no Pension Plan has any Unfunded Pension Liability; (iii) neither the Borrower nor any ERISA Affiliate has incurred, or reasonably expects to incur, any liability under Title IV of ERISA with respect to any Pension Plan (other than premiums due and not delinquent under Section 4007 of ERISA); and (iv) neither the Borrower nor any ERISA Affiliate has incurred, or reasonably expects to incur, any liability (and no event has occurred which, with the giving of notice under Section 4219 of ERISA, would result in such liability) under Sections 4201 or 4243 of ERISA with respect to a Multiemployer Plan. (d) Neither the Borrower nor any ERISA Affiliate has engaged in a transaction that could be subject to Sections 4069 or 4212(c) of ERISA. 5.13 SUBSIDIARIES; EQUITY INTERESTS. As of the Closing Date and as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Borrower for which the Borrower has delivered financial statements pursuant to Section 6.01(a) or 6.01(b) (a) the Borrower has no Material Subsidiaries other than those specifically disclosed in Part (a) of Schedule 5.13 or disclosed to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 6.12(a), (b) all of the outstanding Equity Interests in such Material Subsidiaries have been validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and (c) the Equity Interests in such Material Subsidiaries and the amounts thereof owned by a Loan Party are specified on Part (a) of Schedule 5.13 or have been disclosed to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 6.12(a), in each case free and clear of all Liens. The Borrower has no equity investments in any other corporation or entity in excess of $5,000,000 other than those specifically disclosed in Part(b) of Schedule 5.13 or, if made after the date of this Agreement, permitted by Section 7.02. 5.14 MARGIN REGULATIONS; INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT; PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT. (a) The Borrower is not engaged and will not engage, principally or as one of its important activities, in the business of purchasing or carrying margin stock (within the meaning of Regulation U issued by the FRB), or extending credit for the purpose of purchasing or carrying margin stock. (b) None of the Borrower, any Person Controlling the Borrower, or any Subsidiary (i) is a "holding company," or a "subsidiary company" of a "holding company," or an "affiliate" of a "holding company" or of a "subsidiary company" of a "holding company," within the 63 meaning of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, or (ii) is or is required to be registered as an "investment company" under the Investment Company Act of 1940. 5.15 SOLVENCY. The Borrower and each other Loan Party is Solvent and each shall be Solvent immediately after the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. 5.16 DISCLOSURE. The Borrower has disclosed to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders all agreements, instruments and corporate or other restrictions to which it or any of its Subsidiaries is subject, and all other matters known to it, that, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. No report, financial statement, certificate or other information furnished (whether in writing or orally) by or on behalf of any Loan Party to the Administrative Agent or any Lender in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and the negotiation of this Agreement or delivered hereunder or under any other Loan Document (in each case, as modified or supplemented by other information so furnished) contains any material misstatement of fact or omits to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that, with respect to projected financial information, the Borrower represents only that such information was prepared in good faith based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable at the time. 5.17 COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS. Each of the Borrower and each Subsidiary is in compliance in all material respects with the requirements of all Laws and all orders, writs, injunctions and decrees applicable to it or to its properties, except in such instances in which (a) such requirement of Law or order, writ, injunction or decree is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted or (b) the failure to comply therewith, either individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 5.18 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY; LICENSES, ETC. The Borrower and its Subsidiaries own, or possess the right to use, all of the trademarks, service marks, trade names, copyrights, patents, patent rights, franchises, licenses and other intellectual property rights (collectively, "IP Rights") that are reasonably necessary for the operation of their respective businesses, without conflict with the rights of any other Person. To the best knowledge of the Borrower, no slogan or other advertising device, product, process, method, substance, part or other material now employed, or now contemplated to be employed, by the Borrower or any Subsidiary infringes upon any rights held by any other Person. Except as specifically disclosed in Schedule 5.18, no claim or litigation regarding any of the foregoing is pending or, to the best knowledge of the Borrower, threatened, which, either individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. ARTICLE VI. AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS So long as any Lender shall have any Commitment hereunder, any Loan or other Obligation hereunder shall remain unpaid or unsatisfied, or any Letter of Credit shall remain 64 outstanding, the Borrower shall, and shall (except in the case of the covenants set forth in Sections 6.01, 6.02, and 6.03) cause each Material Subsidiary to: 6.01 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. Deliver to the Administrative Agent and each Lender, in form and detail satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders: (a) as soon as available, but in any event within 100 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Borrower, a consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as at the end of such fiscal year, and the related consolidated statements of income or operations, shareholders' equity and cash flows for such fiscal year, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the previous fiscal year, all in reasonable detail and prepared in accordance with GAAP, audited and accompanied by (i) a report and opinion of a Registered Public Accounting Firm of nationally recognized standing reasonably acceptable to the Required Lenders as to whether such financial statements present fairly in all material respects the financial position and results of operations of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, which report and opinion shall be prepared in accordance with audit standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and applicable Securities Laws and shall not be subject to any "going concern" or like qualification or exception or any qualification or exception as to the scope of such audit or with respect to the absence of material misstatement and (ii) an attestation report of such Registered Public Accounting Firm as to the Borrower's internal controls pursuant to Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley expressing a conclusion that management's assessment of the Borrower's internal controls is fairly stated in all material respects; and (b) as soon as available, but in any event within 50 days after the end of each of the first three fiscal quarters of each fiscal year of the Borrower, a condensed consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as at the end of such fiscal quarter, and the related condensed consolidated statements of income or operations, shareholders' equity and cash flows for such fiscal quarter and for the portion of the Borrower's fiscal year then ended, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the corresponding fiscal quarter of the previous fiscal year and the corresponding portion of the previous fiscal year, all in reasonable detail, certified by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower as fairly presenting the financial condition, results of operations, shareholders' equity and cash flows of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP, subject only to normal year-end audit adjustments and the absence of certain footnotes. As to any information contained in materials furnished pursuant to Section 6.02(c), the Borrower shall not be separately required to furnish such information under clause (a) or (b) above, but the foregoing shall not be in derogation of the obligation of the Borrower to furnish the information and materials described in clauses (a) and (b) above at the times specified therein. 6.02 CERTIFICATES; OTHER INFORMATION. Deliver to the Administrative Agent and each Lender, in form and detail satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders: (a) concurrently with the delivery of the financial statements referred to in Sections 6.01(a) and 6.01(b), a duly completed Compliance Certificate signed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower; 65 (b) promptly after any request by the Administrative Agent or any Lender, copies of any detailed audit reports, management letters or recommendations submitted to the board of directors (or the audit committee of the board of directors) of the Borrower by independent accountants in connection with the accounts or books of the Borrower or any Subsidiary, or any audit of any of them; (c) promptly after the same are available, copies of each annual report, proxy or financial statement or other report or communication sent to the stockholders of the Borrower, and copies of all annual, regular, periodic and special reports and registration statements which the Borrower may file or be required to file with the SEC under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and not otherwise required to be delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant hereto; (d) promptly after the furnishing thereof, copies of any notices given to the holder or holders (or a trustee or agent on behalf of such holder or holders) of any debt securities of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary of the occurrence of any event, the effect of which is to cause, or to permit the holder or holders of such debt securities (or a trustee or agent on behalf of such holder or holders) to cause, such debt securities to be demanded or to become due or to be repurchased, prepaid, defeased or redeemed (automatically or otherwise), which notice is not otherwise required to be furnished to the Lenders pursuant to Section 6.01 or any other clause of this Section 6.02; (e) to the extent permitted by law, promptly, and in any event within ten Business Days after receipt thereof by any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof, copies of each notice or other correspondence received from the SEC (or comparable agency in any applicable non-U.S. jurisdiction) concerning any investigation by such agency regarding financial or other operational results of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof; and (f) promptly, such additional information regarding the business, financial or corporate affairs of the Borrower or any Subsidiary, or compliance with the terms of the Loan Documents, as the Administrative Agent or any Lender may from time to time reasonably request. Documents required to be delivered pursuant to Section 6.01(a) or 6.01(b) or Section 6.02(c) (to the extent any such documents are included in materials otherwise filed with the SEC) may be delivered electronically and if so delivered, shall be deemed to have been delivered on the date (i) on which the Borrower posts such documents, or provides a link thereto on the Borrower's website on the Internet at the website address listed on Schedule 10.02; or (ii) on which such documents are posted on the Borrower's behalf on an Internet or intranet website, if any, to which each Lender and the Administrative Agent have access (whether a commercial, third-party website or whether sponsored by the Administrative Agent); provided that: (i) the Borrower shall deliver paper copies of such documents to the Administrative Agent or any Lender that requests the Borrower to deliver such paper copies until a written request to cease delivering paper copies is given by the Administrative Agent or such Lender and (ii) the Borrower shall notify the Administrative Agent and each Lender (by telecopier or electronic mail) of the posting of any such documents and provide to the Administrative Agent by electronic mail electronic versions (I.E., soft copies) of such documents. Notwithstanding 66 anything contained herein, in every instance the Borrower shall be required to provide paper copies of the Compliance Certificates required by Section 6.02(a) to the Administrative Agent. Except for such Compliance Certificates, the Administrative Agent shall have no obligation to request the delivery or to maintain copies of the documents referred to above, and in any event shall have no responsibility to monitor compliance by the Borrower with any such request for delivery, and each Lender shall be solely responsible for requesting delivery to it or maintaining its copies of such documents. 6.03 NOTICES. Promptly notify the Administrative Agent and each Lender: (a) of the occurrence of any Default, provided, however, that the Borrower shall not be required to provide notice of any Default that is reasonably susceptible to cure by the Borrower and is cured by the Borrower within 15 days after the occurrence of such Default; (b) of any matter that has resulted or could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, including (i) breach or non-performance of, or any default under, a Contractual Obligation of the Borrower or any Subsidiary; (ii) any dispute, litigation, investigation, proceeding or suspension between the Borrower or any Subsidiary and any Governmental Authority; or (iii) the commencement of, or any material development in, any litigation or proceeding affecting the Borrower or any Subsidiary, including pursuant to any applicable Environmental Laws; (c) of the occurrence of any ERISA Event; and (d) of any material change in accounting policies or financial reporting practices by the Borrower or any Subsidiary. Each notice pursuant to this Section shall be accompanied by a statement of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower setting forth details of the occurrence referred to therein and stating what action the Borrower has taken and proposes to take with respect thereto. Each notice pursuant to Section 6.03(a) shall describe with particularity any and all provisions of this Agreement and any other Loan Document that have been breached. 6.04 PAYMENT OF OBLIGATIONS. Pay and discharge as the same shall become due and payable, all its obligations and liabilities, including (a) all tax liabilities, assessments and governmental charges or levies upon it or its properties or assets, unless the same are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted and adequate reserves in accordance with GAAP are being maintained by the Borrower or such Subsidiary; (b) all lawful claims which, if unpaid, would by law become a Lien upon its property; and (c) all Indebtedness, as and when due and payable, but subject to any subordination provisions contained in any instrument or agreement evidencing such Indebtedness. 6.05 PRESERVATION OF EXISTENCE, ETC. (a) Preserve, renew and maintain in full force and effect its legal existence and good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its organization except in a transaction permitted by Section 7.04 or 7.05; (b) take all reasonable action to maintain all rights, privileges, permits, licenses and franchises necessary or desirable in the normal conduct of its business, except to the extent that failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (c) preserve or renew all of its registered 67 patents, trademarks, trade names and service marks, the non-preservation of which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 6.06 MAINTENANCE OF PROPERTIES. (a) Maintain, preserve and protect all of its material properties and equipment necessary in the operation of its business in good working order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted; (b) make all necessary repairs thereto and renewals and replacements thereof except where the failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (c) use the standard of care typical in the industry in the operation and maintenance of its facilities. 6.07 MAINTENANCE OF INSURANCE. Maintain with financially sound and reputable insurance companies not Affiliates of the Borrower, insurance with respect to its properties and business against loss or damage of the kinds customarily insured against by Persons engaged in the same or similar business, of such types and in such amounts (after giving effect to any self-insurance compatible with the following standards) as are customarily carried under similar circumstances by such other Persons and providing for not less than 30 days' prior notice to the Administrative Agent of termination, lapse or cancellation of such insurance. 6.08 COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS. Comply in all material respects with the requirements of all Laws and all orders, writs, injunctions and decrees applicable to it or to its business or property, except in such instances in which (a) such requirement of Law or order, writ, injunction or decree is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted; or (b) the failure to comply therewith could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 6.09 BOOKS AND RECORDS. (a) Maintain proper books of record and account, in which full, true and correct entries in conformity with GAAP consistently applied shall be made of all financial transactions and matters involving the assets and business of the Borrower or such Subsidiary, as the case may be; and (b) maintain such books of record and account in material conformity with all applicable requirements of any Governmental Authority having regulatory jurisdiction over the Borrower or such Subsidiary, as the case may be. 6.10 INSPECTION RIGHTS. Permit representatives and independent contractors of the Administrative Agent and each Lender to visit and inspect any of its properties, to examine its corporate, financial and operating records, and make copies thereof or abstracts therefrom, and to discuss its affairs, finances and accounts with its directors, officers, and independent public accountants, all at such reasonable times during normal business hours and as often as may be reasonably desired, upon reasonable advance notice to the Borrower; provided, however, that when an Event of Default exists the Administrative Agent or any Lender (or any of their respective representatives or independent contractors) may do any of the foregoing at the expense of the Borrower at any time during normal business hours and without advance notice. 6.11 USE OF PROCEEDS. Use the proceeds of the Credit Extensions for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including Permitted Acquisitions and the refinancing of existing Indebtedness, in each case, not in contravention of any Law or of any Loan Document. 6.12 ADDITIONAL GUARANTORS. 68 (a) Delivery of Notices. Deliver to the Administrative Agent concurrently with the delivery of the financial statements referred to in Sections 6.01(a) and 6.01(b), a certificate of a Responsible Officer setting forth the following, if and as applicable: (i) if as of the date of such financial statements there existed a Domestic Subsidiary that was a Material Subsidiary not a party to the Guaranty (each, a "Non-Party Material Subsidiary"), a notice disclosing the identity of each such Non-Party Material Subsidiary and the Equity Interests and the amounts thereof owned by a Loan Party in each such Non-Party Material Subsidiary; and (ii) if as of the date of such financial statements there existed Domestic Subsidiaries not a party to the Guaranty (each, a "Non-Party Domestic Subsidiary") that had in the aggregate (A) Total Revenues equal to or greater than 25% of the Total Revenues of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis for the period of the four prior fiscal quarters ending on the date of such financial statements and/or (B) Total Assets equal to or greater than 25% of the Total Assets of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis as of the date of such financial statements, a notice designating one or more of such Non-Party Domestic Subsidiaries (each, a "Designated Non-Party Subsidiary") which, if such Designated Non-Party Subsidiaries were a party to the Guaranty would cause the remaining Non-Party Domestic Subsidiaries to have in the aggregate Total Revenues and Total Assets in amounts less than the foregoing maximum percentages. For purposes of this subsection (a) the aggregate Total Revenues and the aggregate Total Assets of the Non-Party Domestic Subsidiaries shall not include the Total Revenues or Total Assets of any Non-Party Domestic Subsidiaries that are direct subsidiaries of other Non-Party Domestic Subsidiaries. (b) Delivery of Documents. Concurrent with the delivery any certificate of a Responsible Officer required to be furnished to the Administrative Agent pursuant to clause (a) of this Section 6.12, cause each Non-Party Material Subsidiary that is a wholly-owned Subsidiary of Borrower and/or any of its Subsidiaries and each Designated Non-Party Subsidiary identified in such certificate to (i) become a Guarantor by executing and delivering to the Administrative Agent a Supplement to the Guaranty or such other document as the Administrative Agent shall deem appropriate for such purpose, (ii) execute and deliver to the Borrower, each other Guarantor and the Administrative Agent a Supplement to the Contribution Agreement or such other document as the Administrative Agent shall deem appropriate for such purpose and (iii) deliver to the Administrative Agent documents of the types referred to in clauses (iii) and (iv) of Section 4.01(a) and favorable opinions of in-house counsel to such Non-Party Material Subsidiary and such Designated Non-Party Subsidiary (which shall cover, among other things, the legality, validity, binding effect and enforceability of the documentation referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) above), all in form, content and scope reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. ARTICLE VII. NEGATIVE COVENANTS So long as any Lender shall have any Commitment hereunder, any Loan or other Obligation hereunder shall remain unpaid or unsatisfied, or any Letter of Credit shall remain outstanding, the Borrower shall not, nor shall it permit any Material Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly: 69 7.01 LIENS. Create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Lien upon any of its property, assets or revenues, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, other than the following: (a) Liens pursuant to any Loan Document; (b) Liens existing on the date hereof and listed on Schedule 7.01 and any renewals or extensions thereof, provided that (i) the property covered thereby is not changed, (ii) the amount secured or benefited thereby is not increased, (iii) the direct or any contingent obligor with respect thereto is not changed, and (iv) any renewal or extension of the obligations secured or benefited thereby is permitted by Section 7.03(b); (c) Liens for taxes not yet due or which are being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted, if adequate reserves with respect thereto are maintained on the books of the applicable Person in accordance with GAAP; (d) carriers', warehousemen's, mechanics', materialmen's, repairmen's or other like Liens arising in the ordinary course of business which are not overdue for a period of more than 60 days or which are being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted, if adequate reserves with respect thereto are maintained on the books of the applicable Person; (e) pledges or deposits in the ordinary course of business in connection with workers' compensation, unemployment insurance and other social security legislation, other than any Lien imposed by ERISA; (f) deposits to secure the performance of bids, trade contracts and leases (other than Indebtedness), statutory obligations, surety and appeal bonds, performance bonds and other obligations of a like nature incurred in the ordinary course of business; (g) easements, rights-of-way, restrictions and other similar encumbrances affecting real property which, in the aggregate, are not substantial in amount, and which do not in any case materially detract from the value of the property subject thereto or materially interfere with the ordinary conduct of the business of the applicable Person; (h) Liens securing judgments for the payment of money not constituting an Event of Default under Section 8.01(i); (i) Liens on cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities securing obligations permitted under Section 7.03(d) existing or arising under Swap Contracts; provided that such Liens do not at any time encumber property with a fair market value in excess of 105% of the Swap Termination Value of such Swap Contracts; (j) Liens securing Indebtedness permitted under Section 7.03(e); provided that (i) such Liens do not at any time encumber any property other than the property financed by such Indebtedness and (ii) the Indebtedness secured thereby does not exceed the cost or fair market value, whichever is lower, of the property being acquired on the date of acquisition; 70 (k) Liens granted by Global Exchange to secure Indebtedness permitted under Section 7.03(g); provided that such Liens do not at any time encumber any property other than the property financed by such Indebtedness; and (l) other Liens securing Indebtedness permitted hereunder in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed at any one time outstanding the sum of (i) $50,000,000 minus (ii) the aggregate outstanding amount of Indebtedness secured by the Liens permitted under subsection (j) above. 7.02 INVESTMENTS. Make any Investments, except: (a) Investments held by the Borrower or such Subsidiary in the form of cash equivalents or short-term marketable securities; (b) advances to officers, directors and employees of the Borrower and Subsidiaries in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,000,000 at any time outstanding, for travel, entertainment, relocation and analogous ordinary business purposes; (c) Investments of the Borrower in any Guarantor and Investments of any Material Subsidiary in the Borrower or in a Guarantor; (d) Permitted Acquisitions made by the Borrower or any Subsidiary; (e) Investments consisting of extensions of credit in the nature of accounts receivable or notes receivable arising from the grant of trade credit in the ordinary course of business, and Investments received in satisfaction or partial satisfaction thereof from financially troubled account debtors to the extent reasonably necessary in order to prevent or limit loss; (f) Guarantees permitted by Section 7.03; and (g) other Investments, including Investments in Joint Ventures, not exceeding $20,000,000 in the aggregate in any fiscal year of the Borrower. 7.03 INDEBTEDNESS. Create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Indebtedness, except: (a) Indebtedness under the Loan Documents; (b) Indebtedness outstanding on the date hereof and listed on Schedule 7.03 and any refinancings, refundings, renewals or extensions thereof; provided that (i) the amount of such Indebtedness is not increased at the time of such refinancing, refunding, renewal or extension except by an amount equal to a reasonable premium or other reasonable amount paid, and fees and expenses reasonably incurred, in connection with such refinancing and by an amount equal to any existing commitments unutilized thereunder and (ii) the terms relating to principal amount, amortization, maturity, collateral (if any) and subordination (if any), and other material terms taken as a whole, of any such refinancing, refunding, renewing or extending Indebtedness, and of any agreement entered into and of any instrument issued in connection therewith, are no more restrictive in any material respect to the Loan Parties than the terms of any agreement or instrument governing the Indebtedness being refinanced, refunded, renewed or extended and the 71 interest rate applicable to any such refinancing, refunding, renewing or extending Indebtedness does not exceed the then applicable market interest rate; (c) Guarantees of the Borrower or any Subsidiary in respect of Indebtedness otherwise permitted hereunder of the Borrower or any wholly-owned Subsidiary; (d) obligations (contingent or otherwise) of the Borrower or any Subsidiary existing or arising under any Swap Contract, provided that (i) such obligations are (or were) entered into by such Person in the ordinary course of business for the purpose of directly mitigating risks associated with liabilities, commitments, investments, assets, or property held or reasonably anticipated by such Person, or changes in the value of securities issued by such Person, and not for purposes of speculation or taking a "market view;" and (ii) such Swap Contract does not contain any provision exonerating the non-defaulting party from its obligation to make payments on outstanding transactions to the defaulting party; (e) Indebtedness in respect of capital leases, Synthetic Lease Obligations and purchase money obligations for fixed or capital assets within the limitations set forth in Section 7.01(j); (f) obligations of the Borrower or any Subsidiary to purchase, retain or otherwise withhold from issuance, capital stock or other Equity Interests issued by the Borrower or such Subsidiary within the limitations set forth in Section 7.06(c); (g) Indebtedness of Global Exchange incurred in the ordinary course of its business to finance inventories and receivables; provided, however, that the aggregate amount of all such Indebtedness at any one time outstanding shall not exceed $35,000,000; (h) secured Indebtedness of the Borrower or any Subsidiary in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $50,000,000 at any time outstanding; and (i) unsecured Indebtedness of the Borrower or any Subsidiary in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $150,000,000 at any time outstanding; provided that the material terms taken as a whole, of such Indebtedness, and of any agreement entered into and of any instrument issued in connection therewith, are no more restrictive in any material respect to the Loan Parties than the terms of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. 7.04 FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES. Merge, dissolve, liquidate, consolidate with or into another Person, or Dispose of (whether in one transaction or in a series of transactions) all or substantially all of its assets (whether now owned or hereafter acquired) to or in favor of any Person, except that, so long as no Default exists or would result therefrom: (a) any Subsidiary may merge with (i) the Borrower, provided that the Borrower shall be the continuing or surviving Person, or (ii) any one or more other Subsidiaries, provided that when any Guarantor is merging with another Subsidiary, the Guarantor shall be the continuing or surviving Person; (b) the Borrower or any Subsidiary may merge with any Person as part of a Permitted Acquisition; 72 (c) the Borrower and/or Cascade may make Dispositions of assets permitted by Section 7.05(f); and (d) any Subsidiary may Dispose of all or substantially all of its assets (upon voluntary liquidation or otherwise) to the Borrower or to another Subsidiary; provided that if the transferor in such a transaction is a Guarantor, then the transferee must either be the Borrower or a Guarantor. 7.05 DISPOSITIONS. Make any Disposition or enter into any agreement to make any Disposition, except: (a) Dispositions of obsolete or worn out property, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, in the ordinary course of business; (b) Dispositions of inventory in the ordinary course of business; (c) Dispositions of equipment or real property to the extent that (i) such property is exchanged for credit against the purchase price of similar replacement property or (ii) the proceeds of such Disposition are reasonably promptly applied to the purchase price of such replacement property; (d) Dispositions of property by any Subsidiary to the Borrower or to a wholly-owned Subsidiary; provided that if the transferor of such property is a Guarantor, the transferee thereof must either be the Borrower or a Guarantor; (e) Dispositions permitted by Section 7.04; (f) the sale by the Borrower of all or any portion of the capital stock of Cascade and/or the sale by Cascade of all or any portion of the assets that comprise the Cascade Mini-Mill; (g) non-exclusive licenses of IP Rights in the ordinary course of business and substantially consistent with past practice for terms not exceeding five years; and (h) Dispositions by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries not otherwise permitted under this Section 7.05; provided that (i) at the time of such Disposition, no Default shall exist or would result from such Disposition and (ii) the aggregate book value of all property Disposed of in reliance on this clause (h) in any fiscal year shall not exceed an amount equal to 20% times an amount equal to (i) the amount of the total assets of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year of the Borrower minus (ii) the amount of Intangible Assets of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on that date; provided, however, that any Disposition pursuant to clauses (a) through (h) shall be for fair market value. 7.06 RESTRICTED PAYMENTS. Declare or make, directly or indirectly, any Restricted Payment, or incur any obligation (contingent or otherwise) to do so, except that, so long as no 73 Default shall have occurred and be continuing at the time of any action described below or would result therefrom: (a) each Subsidiary may make Restricted Payments to the Borrower, wholly-owned Subsidiaries and any other Person that owns an Equity Interest in such Subsidiary, ratably according to their respective holdings of the type of Equity Interest in respect of which such Restricted Payment is being made; (b) the Borrower and each Subsidiary may declare and make dividend payments or other distributions payable solely in the common stock or other common Equity Interests of such Person; (c) the Borrower and each Subsidiary may purchase, retain or otherwise withhold from the issuance to employees, former employees, directors or former directors of the Borrower or such Subsidiary, capital stock or other Equity Interests issued by the Borrower or such Subsidiary in connection with the issuance of such capital stock or other Equity Interests to such employees and directors pursuant to and in accordance with equity and compensation arrangements, including stock option plans or other benefit plans, in an amount not to exceed the aggregate amount federal, state and local taxes payable by such employees and directors in connection with the issuance of such capital stock or other Equity Interests pursuant to and in accordance with equity and compensation arrangements; (d) the Borrower and each Subsidiary may purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire Equity Interests issued by it with the proceeds received from the substantially concurrent issue of new shares of its common stock or other common Equity Interests; (e) the Borrower may declare or pay cash dividends to its stockholders; (f) any Pick-N-Pull Subsidiary, MRL, and any other Subsidiary that is not a wholly-owned Subsidiary may declare and make any cash dividend or other distribution with respect to any Equity Interests issued by it; and (g) the Borrower may purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire for cash Equity Interests issued by it after the Closing Date in a cumulative amount equal to the greater of (i) $150,000,000 or (ii) 15% times the amount of the Consolidated Net Worth as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year of the Borrower. 7.07 CHANGE IN NATURE OF BUSINESS. Engage in any material line of business substantially different from those lines of business conducted by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on the date hereof or any business substantially related or incidental thereto. 7.08 TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATES. Enter into any transaction of any kind with any Affiliate of the Borrower, whether or not in the ordinary course of business, other than on fair and reasonable terms substantially as favorable to the Borrower or such Subsidiary as would be obtainable by the Borrower or such Subsidiary at the time in a comparable arm's length transaction with a Person other than an Affiliate; provided that the foregoing restriction shall not apply to transactions between or among the Borrower and any of its wholly-owned Subsidiaries or between and among any wholly-owned Subsidiaries. 74 7.09 BURDENSOME AGREEMENTS. Enter into any Contractual Obligation (other than this Agreement or any other Loan Document) that (a) limits the ability (i) of any Material Subsidiary to make Restricted Payments to the Borrower or any Guarantor or to otherwise transfer property to the Borrower or any Guarantor, (ii) of any Material Subsidiary to Guarantee the Indebtedness of the Borrower or (iii) of the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary to create, incur, assume or suffer to exist Liens on property of such Person; provided, however, that this clause (iii) shall not prohibit any negative pledge incurred or provided in favor of any holder of Indebtedness permitted under Sections 7.03(d), 7.03(e), 7.03(g) or 7.03(h) solely to the extent any such negative pledge relates to the property financed by or the subject of such Indebtedness; or (b) requires the grant of a Lien to secure an obligation of such Person if a Lien is granted to secure another obligation of such Person. 7.10 USE OF PROCEEDS. Use the proceeds of any Credit Extension, whether directly or indirectly, and whether immediately, incidentally or ultimately, to purchase or carry margin stock (within the meaning of Regulation U of the FRB) or to extend credit to others for the purpose of purchasing or carrying margin stock or to refund indebtedness originally incurred for such purpose. 7.11 FINANCIAL COVENANTS. (a) Consolidated Leverage Ratio. Permit the Consolidated Leverage Ratio to be greater than 0.45 to 1.00 as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Borrower for which the Borrower has delivered financial statements pursuant to Section 6.01(a) or 6.01(b). (b) Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. Permit the Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio to be less than 1.50 to 1.00 as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Borrower for which the Borrower has delivered financial statements pursuant to Section 6.01(a) or 6.01(b). ARTICLE VIII. EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND REMEDIES 8.01 EVENTS OF DEFAULT. Any of the following shall constitute an Event of Default: (a) Non-Payment. The Borrower or any other Loan Party fails to pay (i) when and as required to be paid herein, and in the currency required hereunder, any amount of principal of any Loan or any L/C Obligation, or (ii) within three days after the same becomes due, any interest on any Loan or on any L/C Obligation, or any fee due hereunder, or (iii) within five days after the same becomes due, any other amount payable hereunder or under any other Loan Document; or (b) Specific Covenants. The Borrower fails to perform or observe any term, covenant or agreement contained in any of Section 6.03, 6.05, 6.10, 6.11 or 6.12 or Article VII; or (c) Financial Statements. The Borrower fails to perform or observe any term, covenant or agreement contained in any of Section 6.01 or 6.02 and such failure continues for three days; or 75 (d) Other Defaults. The Borrower or any other Loan Party fails to perform or observe any other covenant or agreement (not specified in subsection (a) or (b) above) contained in any Loan Document on its part to be performed or observed and such failure continues for 30 days after the earlier of (i) the date upon which written notice thereof shall have been given to the Borrower by the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer or (ii) the date upon which a Responsible Officer of the Borrower or any other Loan Party knew or reasonably should have known of such failure; or (e) Representations and Warranties. Any representation, warranty, certification or statement of fact made or deemed made by or on behalf of the Borrower or any other Loan Party herein, in any other Loan Document, or in any document delivered in connection herewith or therewith shall be incorrect or misleading in any material respect when made or deemed made; or (f) Cross-Default. (i) The Borrower or any Subsidiary fails to make any payment when due (whether by scheduled maturity, required prepayment, acceleration, demand, or otherwise), after the expiration of any applicable grace period, in respect of any Indebtedness or Guarantee (other than Indebtedness hereunder and Indebtedness under Swap Contracts) having an aggregate principal amount (including undrawn committed or available amounts and including amounts owing to all creditors under any combined or syndicated credit arrangement) of the Threshold Amount or more or (ii) there occurs under any Swap Contract an Early Termination Date (as defined in such Swap Contract) resulting from (A) any event of default under such Swap Contract as to which the Borrower or any Subsidiary is the Defaulting Party (as defined in such Swap Contract) or (B) any Termination Event (as so defined) under such Swap Contract as to which the Borrower or any Subsidiary is an Affected Party (as so defined) and, in either event, the Swap Termination Value owed by the Borrower or such Subsidiary as a result thereof is greater than the Threshold Amount; or (g) Insolvency Proceedings, Etc. Any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries institutes or consents to the institution of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law, or makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors; or applies for or consents to the appointment of any receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator, liquidator, rehabilitator or similar officer for it or for all or any material part of its property; or any receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator, liquidator, rehabilitator or similar officer is appointed without the application or consent of such Person and the appointment continues undischarged or unstayed for 60 calendar days; or any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law relating to any such Person or to all or any material part of its property is instituted without the consent of such Person and continues undismissed or unstayed for 60 calendar days, or an order for relief is entered in any such proceeding; or (h) Inability to Pay Debts; Attachment. (i) The Borrower or any Subsidiary becomes unable or admits in writing its inability or fails generally to pay its debts as they become due, or (ii) any writ or warrant of attachment or execution or similar process is issued or levied against all or any material part of the property of any such Person and is not released, vacated or fully bonded within 30 days after its issue or levy; or (i) Judgments and Settlements. (i) There is entered against the Borrower or any Subsidiary (A) a final judgment or order for the payment of money in an aggregate amount exceeding the Threshold 76 Amount (to the extent not covered by independent third-party insurance as to which the insurer does not dispute coverage), or (B) any one or more non-monetary final judgments that have, or could reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect and, in either case, (1) enforcement proceedings are commenced by any creditor upon such judgment or order, or (2) there is a period of 15 consecutive days during which a stay of enforcement of such judgment, by reason of a pending appeal or otherwise, is not in effect or (ii) the Borrower or any Subsidiary enters into or becomes a party to any settlement or settlement agreement with respect to any action, suit, proceeding, claim or dispute against the Borrower or any Subsidiary or against any of their properties or revenues that has, or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; or (j) ERISA. (i) An ERISA Event occurs with respect to a Pension Plan or Multiemployer Plan which has resulted or could reasonably be expected to result in liability of the Borrower under Title IV of ERISA to the Pension Plan, Multiemployer Plan or the PBGC in an aggregate amount in excess of the Threshold Amount; provided, however, that in the case of the occurrence of an ERISA Event with respect to the Multiemployer Plan described in item 1 of Schedule 5.12, the term "Threshold Amount" as used in this clause shall mean $30,000,000, or (ii) the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate fails to pay when due, after the expiration of any applicable grace period, any installment payment with respect to its withdrawal liability under Section 4201 of ERISA under a Multiemployer Plan in an aggregate amount in excess of the Threshold Amount; or (k) Invalidity of Loan Documents. Any Loan Document, at any time after its execution and delivery and for any reason other than as expressly permitted hereunder or satisfaction in full of all the Obligations, ceases to be in full force and effect; or any Loan Party or any other Person contests in any manner the validity or enforceability of any Loan Document; or any Loan Party denies that it has any or further liability or obligation under any Loan Document, or purports to revoke, terminate or rescind any Loan Document; or (l) Change of Control. There occurs any Change of Control with respect to the Borrower. 8.02 REMEDIES UPON EVENT OF DEFAULT. If any Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Administrative Agent shall, at the request of, or may, with the consent of, the Required Lenders, take any or all of the following actions: (a) declare the commitment of each Lender to make Loans and any obligation of each L/C Issuer to make L/C Credit Extensions to be terminated, whereupon such commitments and obligation shall be terminated; (b) declare the unpaid principal amount of all outstanding Loans, all interest accrued and unpaid thereon, and all other amounts owing or payable hereunder or under any other Loan Document to be immediately due and payable, without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived by the Borrower; (c) require that the Borrower Cash Collateralize the L/C Obligations (in an amount equal to the then Outstanding Amount thereof); and (d) exercise on behalf of itself and the Lenders all rights and remedies available to it and the Lenders under the Loan Documents; 77 provided, however, that upon the occurrence of an actual or deemed entry of an order for relief with respect to the Borrower under the Bankruptcy Code of the United States, the obligation of each Lender to make Loans and any obligation of each L/C Issuer to make L/C Credit Extensions shall automatically terminate, the unpaid principal amount of all outstanding Loans and all interest and other amounts as aforesaid shall automatically become due and payable, and the obligation of the Borrower to Cash Collateralize the L/C Obligations as aforesaid shall automatically become effective, in each case without further act of the Administrative Agent or any Lender. 8.03 APPLICATION OF FUNDS. After the exercise of remedies provided for in Section 8.02 (or after the Loans have automatically become immediately due and payable and the L/C Obligations have automatically been required to be Cash Collateralized as set forth in the proviso to Section 8.02), any amounts received on account of the Obligations shall be applied by the Administrative Agent in the following order: First, to payment of that portion of the Obligations constituting fees, indemnities, expenses and other amounts (including Attorney Costs and amounts payable under Article III) payable to the Administrative Agent in its capacity as such; Second, to payment of that portion of the Obligations constituting fees, indemnities and other amounts (other than principal, interest and Letter of Credit Fees) payable to the Lenders and the L/C Issuers (including Attorney Costs and amounts payable under Article III), ratably among them in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause Second payable to them; Third, to payment of that portion of the Obligations constituting (i) accrued and unpaid Letter of Credit Fees and interest on the Loans, L/C Borrowings and other Obligations and (ii) fees, premiums and scheduled periodic payments due under any Swap Contract between the Borrower and any Lender or any Affiliate of any Lender permitted by Section 7.03(d) and any interest accrued thereon, ratably among the Lenders and the L/C Issuers in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause Third payable to them; Fourth, to payment of that portion of the Obligations constituting (i) unpaid principal of the Loans and L/C Borrowings and (ii) breakage, termination or other payments due under any Swap Contract between any Lender or any Affiliate of any Lender permitted by Section 7.03(d) and any interest accrued thereon, ratably among the Lenders and the L/C Issuers in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause Fourth held by them; Fifth, to the Administrative Agent for the account of the applicable L/C Issuers, to Cash Collateralize that portion of L/C Obligations comprised of the aggregate undrawn amount of Letters of Credit; and Last, the balance, if any, after all of the Obligations have been indefeasibly paid in full, to the Borrower or as otherwise required by Law. Subject to Section 2.03(c), amounts used to Cash Collateralize the aggregate undrawn amount of Letters of Credit pursuant to clause Fifth above shall be applied to satisfy drawings under such Letters of Credit as they occur. If any amount remains on deposit as Cash Collateral after all 78 Letters of Credit have either been fully drawn or expired, such remaining amount shall be applied to the other Obligations, if any, in the order set forth above. ARTICLE IX. ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT 9.01 APPOINTMENT AND AUTHORITY. Each of the Lenders and the L/C Issuers hereby irrevocably appoints Bank of America to act on its behalf as the Administrative Agent hereunder and under the other Loan Documents and authorizes the Administrative Agent to take such actions on its behalf and to exercise such powers as are delegated to the Administrative Agent by the terms hereof or thereof, together with such actions and powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. The provisions of this Article are solely for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers, and neither the Borrower nor any other Loan Party shall have rights as a third party beneficiary of any of such provisions. 9.02 RIGHTS AS A LENDER. The Person serving as the Administrative Agent hereunder shall have the same rights and powers in its capacity as a Lender as any other Lender and may exercise the same as though it were not the Administrative Agent and the term "Lender" or "Lenders" shall, unless otherwise expressly indicated or unless the context otherwise requires, include the Person serving as the Administrative Agent hereunder in its individual capacity. Such Person and its Affiliates may accept deposits from, lend money to, act as the financial advisor or in any other advisory capacity for and generally engage in any kind of business with the Borrower or any Subsidiary or other Affiliate thereof as if such Person were not the Administrative Agent hereunder and without any duty to account therefor to the Lenders. 9.03 EXCULPATORY PROVISIONS. The Administrative Agent shall not have any duties or obligations except those expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Administrative Agent: (a) shall not be subject to any fiduciary or other implied duties, regardless of whether a Default has occurred and is continuing; (b) shall not have any duty to take any discretionary action or exercise any discretionary powers, except discretionary rights and powers expressly contemplated hereby or by the other Loan Documents that the Administrative Agent is required to exercise as directed in writing by the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of the Lenders as shall be expressly provided for herein or in the other Loan Documents), provided that the Administrative Agent shall not be required to take any action that, in its opinion or the opinion of its counsel, may expose the Administrative Agent to liability or that is contrary to any Loan Document or applicable Laws; and (c) shall not, except as expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents, have any duty to disclose, and shall not be liable for the failure to disclose, any information relating to the Borrower or any of its Affiliates that is communicated to or obtained by the Person serving as the Administrative Agent or any of its Affiliates in any capacity. The Administrative Agent shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it (i) with the consent or at the request of the Required Lenders (or such other number or 79 percentage of the Lenders as shall be necessary, or as the Administrative Agent shall believe in good faith shall be necessary, under the circumstances as provided in Sections 10.01 and 8.02) or (ii) in the absence of its own gross negligence or willful misconduct. The Administrative Agent shall be deemed not to have knowledge of any Default unless and until notice describing such Default is given to the Administrative Agent by the Borrower, a Lender or an L/C Issuer. The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for or have any duty to ascertain or inquire into (i) any statement, warranty or representation made in or in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document, (ii) the contents of any certificate, report or other document delivered hereunder or thereunder or in connection herewith or therewith, (iii) the performance or observance of any of the covenants, agreements or other terms or conditions set forth herein or therein or the occurrence of any Default, (iv) the validity, enforceability, effectiveness or genuineness of this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any other agreement, instrument or document or (v) the satisfaction of any condition set forth in Article IV or elsewhere herein, other than to confirm receipt of items expressly required to be delivered to the Administrative Agent. 9.04 RELIANCE BY ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT. The Administrative Agent shall be entitled to rely upon, and shall not incur any liability for relying upon, any notice, request, certificate, consent, statement, instrument, document or other writing (including any electronic message, Internet or intranet website posting or other distribution) believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed, sent or otherwise authenticated by the proper Person. The Administrative Agent also may rely upon any statement made to it orally or by telephone and believed by it to have been made by the proper Person, and shall not incur any liability for relying thereon. In determining compliance with any condition hereunder to the making of a Loan, or the issuance of a Letter of Credit, that by its terms must be fulfilled to the satisfaction of a Lender or an L/C Issuer, the Administrative Agent may presume that such condition is satisfactory to such Lender or such L/C Issuer unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice to the contrary from such Lender or such L/C Issuer prior to the making of such Loan or the issuance of such Letter of Credit. The Administrative Agent may consult with legal counsel (who may be counsel for the Borrower), independent accountants and other experts selected by it, and shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it in accordance with the advice of any such counsel, accountants or experts. 9.05 DELEGATION OF DUTIES. The Administrative Agent may perform any and all of its duties and exercise its rights and powers hereunder or under any other Loan Document by or through any one or more sub agents appointed by the Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent and any such sub agent may perform any and all of its duties and exercise its rights and powers by or through their respective Related Parties. The exculpatory provisions of this Article shall apply to any such sub agent and to the Related Parties of the Administrative Agent and any such sub agent, and shall apply to their respective activities in connection with the syndication of the credit facilities provided for herein as well as activities as Administrative Agent. 9.06 RESIGNATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT. The Administrative Agent may at any time give notice of its resignation to the Lenders, the L/C Issuers and the Borrower. Upon receipt of any such notice of resignation, the Required Lenders shall have the right, in consultation with the Borrower, to appoint a successor, which shall be a commercial bank 80 organized under the laws of the United States or of any State thereof having a combined capital and surplus of at least $500,000,000. If no such successor shall have been so appointed by the Required Lenders and shall have accepted such appointment within 30 days after the retiring Administrative Agent gives notice of its resignation, then the retiring Administrative Agent may on behalf of the Lenders and the L/C Issuers, appoint a successor Administrative Agent meeting the qualifications set forth above; provided that if the Administrative Agent shall notify the Borrower and the Lenders that no qualifying Person has accepted such appointment, then such resignation shall nonetheless become effective in accordance with such notice and (1) the retiring Administrative Agent shall be discharged from its duties and obligations hereunder and under the other Loan Documents and (2) all payments, communications and determinations provided to be made by, to or through the Administrative Agent shall instead be made by or to each Lender and the L/C Issuers directly, until such time as the Required Lenders appoint a successor Administrative Agent as provided for above in this Section. Upon the acceptance of a successor's appointment as Administrative Agent hereunder, such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring (or retired) Administrative Agent, and the retiring Administrative Agent shall be discharged from all of its duties and obligations hereunder or under the other Loan Documents (if not already discharged therefrom as provided above in this Section). The fees payable by the Borrower to a successor Administrative Agent shall be the same as those payable to its predecessor unless otherwise agreed between the Borrower and such successor. After the retiring Administrative Agent's resignation hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, the provisions of this Article and Section 10.04 shall continue in effect for the benefit of such retiring Administrative Agent, its sub agents and their respective Related Parties in respect of any actions taken or omitted to be taken by any of them while the retiring Administrative Agent was acting as Administrative Agent. Any resignation by Bank of America as Administrative Agent pursuant to this Section shall also constitute its resignation as L/C Issuer and Swing Line Lender. Upon the acceptance of a successor's appointment as Administrative Agent hereunder, (a) such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring L/C Issuer and Swing Line Lender, (b) the retiring L/C Issuer and Swing Line Lender shall be discharged from all of their respective duties and obligations hereunder or under the other Loan Documents, and (c) the successor L/C Issuer shall issue letters of credit in substitution for the Letters of Credit, if any, outstanding at the time of such succession or make other arrangements satisfactory to the retiring L/C Issuer to effectively assume the obligations of the retiring L/C Issuer with respect to such Letters of Credit. 9.07 NON-RELIANCE ON ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND OTHER LENDERS. Each Lender and each L/C Issuer acknowledges that it has, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent or any other Lender or any of their Related Parties and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Agreement. Each Lender and each L/C Issuer also acknowledges that it will, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent or any other Lender or any of their Related Parties and based on such documents and information as it shall from time to time deem appropriate, continue to make its own decisions in taking or not taking action under or based upon this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any related agreement or any document furnished hereunder or thereunder. 81 9.08 NO OTHER DUTIES, ETC. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, none of the Bookrunners, Arrangers, Syndication Agent or Documentation Agent listed on the cover page hereof shall have any rights, powers, duties or responsibilities under this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, except in its capacity, as applicable, as the Administrative Agent, a Lender or an L/C Issuer hereunder. 9.09 ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM. In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to any Loan Party, the Administrative Agent (irrespective of whether the principal of any Loan or L/C Obligation shall then be due and payable as herein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Administrative Agent shall have made any demand on the Borrower) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise (a) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of the principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Loans, L/C Obligations and all other Obligations that are owing and unpaid and to file such other documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Lenders, the L/C Issuers and the Administrative Agent (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Lenders, the L/C Issuers and the Administrative Agent and their respective agents and counsel and all other amounts due the Lenders, the L/C Issuers and the Administrative Agent under Sections 2.03(i) and 2.03(j), 2.09 and 10.04) allowed in such judicial proceeding; and (b) to collect and receive any monies or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Lender and each L/C Issuer to make such payments to the Administrative Agent and, in the event that the Administrative Agent shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Lenders and the L/C Issuers, to pay to the Administrative Agent any amount due for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Administrative Agent and its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Administrative Agent under Sections 2.09 and 10.04. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Administrative Agent to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Lender or any L/C Issuer any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Obligations or the rights of any Lender or to authorize the Administrative Agent to vote in respect of the claim of any Lender in any such proceeding. 9.10 GUARANTY MATTERS. The Lenders and the L/C Issuers irrevocably authorize the Administrative Agent, at its option and in its discretion, to release any Guarantor from its obligations under the Guaranty and the Contribution Agreement if such Person ceases to be a Subsidiary as a result of a transaction permitted hereunder. Upon request by the Administrative Agent at any time, the Required Lenders will confirm in writing the Administrative Agent's authority to release any Guarantor from its obligations under the Guaranty and the Contribution Agreement pursuant to this Section 9.10. The Administrative Agent agrees to release any 82 Guarantor that ceases to be a Subsidiary as a result of a transaction permitted hereunder from its obligations under the Guaranty and the Contribution Agreement; provided that (a) the Administrative Agent shall have received all confirmations of authority, if any, requested pursuant to this Section 9.10 with respect to such release, (b) at the time of such release, no Default shall exist or would result from such release, and (c) after giving effect to such release, the Borrower shall be in compliance with all of the terms and provisions of Section 6.12, without giving effect to the 30 day period to perform the terms and provisions thereof. ARTICLE X. MISCELLANEOUS 10.01 AMENDMENTS, ETC. No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement or any other Loan Document, and no consent to any departure by the Borrower or any other Loan Party therefrom, shall be effective unless in writing signed by the Required Lenders and the Borrower or the applicable Loan Party, as the case may be, and acknowledged by the Administrative Agent, and each such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given; provided, however, that no such amendment, waiver or consent shall: (a) waive any condition set forth in Section 4.01(a) without the written consent of each Lender; (b) extend or increase the Commitment of any Lender (or reinstate any Commitment terminated pursuant to Section 8.02) without the written consent of such Lender; (c) postpone any date fixed by this Agreement or any other Loan Document for any payment of principal, interest, fees or other amounts due to the Lenders (or any of them) hereunder or under any other Loan Document without the written consent of each Lender directly affected thereby; (d) reduce the principal of, or the rate of interest specified herein on, any Loan or L/C Borrowing, or (subject to clause (v) of the second proviso to this Section 10.01) any fees or other amounts payable hereunder or under any other Loan Document without the written consent of each Lender directly affected thereby; provided, however, that only the consent of the Required Lenders shall be necessary (i) to amend the definition of "Default Rate" or to waive any obligation of the Borrower to pay interest or Letter of Credit Fees at the Default Rate or (ii) to amend any financial covenant hereunder (or any defined term used therein) even if the effect of such amendment would be to reduce the rate of interest on any Loan or L/C Borrowing or to reduce any fee payable hereunder; (e) change Section 2.13 or Section 8.03 in a manner that would alter the pro rata sharing of payments required thereby without the written consent of each Lender; (f) amend Section 1.06 or the definition of "Alternative Currency" without the written consent of each Lender; (g) change any provision of this Section or the definition of "Required Lenders" or any other provision hereof specifying the number or percentage of Lenders required to amend, 83 waive or otherwise modify any rights hereunder or make any determination or grant any consent hereunder without the written consent of each Lender; or (h) release all or substantially all of the Guarantors from the Guaranty without the written consent of each Lender; and, provided further, that (i) no amendment, waiver or consent shall, unless in writing and signed by the applicable L/C Issuers in addition to the Lenders required above, affect the rights or duties of such L/C Issuers under this Agreement or any Issuer Document relating to any Letter of Credit issued or to be issued by it; (ii) no amendment, waiver or consent shall, unless in writing and signed by the Swing Line Lender in addition to the Lenders required above, affect the rights or duties of the Swing Line Lender under this Agreement; (iii) no amendment, waiver or consent shall, unless in writing and signed by the Administrative Agent in addition to the Lenders required above, affect the rights or duties of the Administrative Agent under this Agreement or any other Loan Document; and (iv) Section 10.06(h) may not be amended, waived or otherwise modified without the consent of each Granting Lender all or any part of whose Loans are being funded by an SPC at the time of such amendment, waiver or other modification; and (v) the Fee Letter may be amended, or rights or privileges thereunder waived, in a writing executed only by the parties thereto. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, no Defaulting Lender shall have any right to approve or disapprove any amendment, waiver or consent hereunder, except that the Commitment of such Lender may not be increased or extended without the consent of such Lender. 10.02 NOTICES; EFFECTIVENESS; ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION. (a) Notices Generally. Except in the case of notices and other communications expressly permitted to be given by telephone (and except as provided in subsection (b) below), all notices and other communications provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or overnight courier service, mailed by certified or registered mail or sent by telecopier as follows, and all notices and other communications expressly permitted hereunder to be given by telephone shall be made to the applicable telephone number, as follows: (i) if to the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuers or the Swing Line Lender, to the address, telecopier number, electronic mail address or telephone number specified for such Person on Schedule 10.02; and (ii) if to any other Lender, to the address, telecopier number, electronic mail address or telephone number specified in its Administrative Questionnaire. Notices sent by hand or overnight courier service, or mailed by certified or registered mail, shall be deemed to have been given when received; notices sent by telecopier shall be deemed to have been given when sent (except that, if not given during normal business hours for the recipient, shall be deemed to have been given at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient). Notices delivered through electronic communications to the extent provided in subsection (b) below, shall be effective as provided in such subsection (b). (b) Electronic Communications. Notices and other communications to the Lenders and the L/C Issuers hereunder may be delivered or furnished by electronic communication 84 (including e mail and Internet or intranet websites) pursuant to procedures approved by the Administrative Agent, provided that the foregoing shall not apply to notices to any Lender or any L/C Issuer pursuant to Article II if such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as applicable, has notified the Administrative Agent that it is incapable of receiving notices under such Article by electronic communication. The Administrative Agent or the Borrower may, in its discretion, agree to accept notices and other communications to it hereunder by electronic communications pursuant to procedures approved by it, provided that approval of such procedures may be limited to particular notices or communications. Unless the Administrative Agent otherwise prescribes, (i) notices and other communications sent to an e-mail address shall be deemed received upon the sender's receipt of an acknowledgement from the intended recipient (such as by the "return receipt requested" function, as available, return e-mail or other written acknowledgement), provided that if such notice or other communication is not sent during the normal business hours of the recipient, such notice or communication shall be deemed to have been sent at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient, and (ii) notices or communications posted to an Internet or intranet website shall be deemed received upon the deemed receipt by the intended recipient at its e-mail address as described in the foregoing clause (i) of notification that such notice or communication is available and identifying the website address therefor. (c) Change of Address, Etc. Each of the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuers and the Swing Line Lender may change its address, telecopier or telephone number for notices and other communications hereunder by notice to the other parties hereto. Each other Lender may change its address, telecopier or telephone number for notices and other communications hereunder by notice to the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuers and the Swing Line Lender. In addition, each Lender agrees to notify the Administrative Agent from time to time to ensure that the Administrative Agent has on record (i) an effective address, contact name, telephone number, telecopier number and electronic mail address to which notices and other communications may be sent and (ii) accurate wire instructions for such Lender. (d) Reliance by Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer and Lenders. The Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers shall be entitled to rely and act upon any notices (including telephonic Committed Loan Notices and Swing Line Loan Notices) purportedly given by or on behalf of the Borrower even if (i) such notices were not made in a manner specified herein, were incomplete or were not preceded or followed by any other form of notice specified herein, or (ii) the terms thereof, as understood by the recipient, varied from any confirmation thereof. The Borrower shall indemnify the Administrative Agent, each Lender, each L/C Issuer and the Related Parties of each of them from all losses, costs, expenses and liabilities resulting from the reliance by such Person on each notice purportedly given by or on behalf of the Borrower. All telephonic notices to and other telephonic communications with the Administrative Agent may be recorded by the Administrative Agent, and each of the parties hereto hereby consents to such recording. 10.03 NO WAIVER; CUMULATIVE REMEDIES. No failure by any Lender or the Administrative Agent to exercise, and no delay by any such Person in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further 85 exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege. The rights, remedies, powers and privileges herein provided are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, remedies, powers and privileges provided by law. 10.04 EXPENSES; INDEMNITY; DAMAGE WAIVER. (a) Costs and Expenses. The Borrower shall pay (i) all reasonable out of pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent and its Affiliates (including all Attorney Costs of the Administrative Agent), in connection with the syndication of the credit facilities provided for herein, the preparation, negotiation, execution, delivery and administration of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents or any amendments, modifications or waivers of the provisions hereof or thereof (whether or not the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby shall be consummated), (ii) all reasonable out of pocket expenses incurred by the applicable L/C Issuer in connection with the issuance, amendment, renewal or extension of any Letter of Credit or any demand for payment thereunder and (iii) all out of pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer (including all Attorney Costs of the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer) in connection with the enforcement or protection of its rights (A) in connection with this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, including its rights under this Section, or (B) in connection with the Loans made or Letters of Credit issued hereunder, including all such out of pocket expenses incurred during any workout, restructuring or negotiations in respect of such Loans or Letters of Credit. (b) Indemnification by the Borrower. The Borrower shall indemnify the Administrative Agent (and any sub-agent thereof), each Lender and each L/C Issuer, and each Related Party of any of the foregoing Persons (each such Person being called an "Indemnitee") against, and hold each Indemnitee harmless from, any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and related expenses (including all Attorney Costs of any Indemnitee) incurred by any Indemnitee or asserted against any Indemnitee by any third party or by the Borrower or any other Loan Party arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of (i) the execution or delivery of this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby or thereby, the performance by the parties hereto of their respective obligations hereunder or thereunder, the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, or, in the case of the Administrative Agent (and any sub-agent thereof) and its Related Parties only, the administration of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, (ii) any Loan or Letter of Credit or the use or proposed use of the proceeds therefrom (including any refusal by an L/C Issuer to honor a demand for payment under a Letter of Credit if the documents presented in connection with such demand do not strictly comply with the terms of such Letter of Credit), (iii) any actual or alleged presence or release of Hazardous Materials on or from any property owned or operated by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, or any Environmental Liability related in any way to the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, or (iv) any actual or prospective claim, litigation, investigation or proceeding relating to any of the foregoing, whether based on contract, tort or any other theory, whether brought by a third party or by the Borrower or any other Loan Party, and regardless of whether any Indemnitee is a party thereto, in all cases, whether or not caused by or arising, in whole or in part, out of the comparative, contributory or sole negligence of the Indemnitee; provided that such indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnitee, be available to the extent that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or related expenses (x) are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment to have 86 resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee or (y) result from a claim brought by the Borrower or any other Loan Party against an Indemnitee for breach in bad faith of such Indemnitee's obligations hereunder or under any other Loan Document, if the Borrower or such other Loan Party has obtained a final and nonappealable judgment in its favor on such claim as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction. (c) Reimbursement by Lenders. To the extent that the Borrower for any reason fails to indefeasibly pay any amount required under subsection (a) or (b) of this Section to be paid by it to the Administrative Agent (or any sub-agent thereof), any L/C Issuer or any Related Party of any of the foregoing, each Lender severally agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent), such L/C Issuer or such Related Party, as the case may be, such Lender's Applicable Percentage (determined as of the time that the applicable unreimbursed expense or indemnity payment is sought) of such unpaid amount, provided that the unreimbursed expense or indemnified loss, claim, damage, liability or related expense, as the case may be, was incurred by or asserted against the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent) or an L/C Issuer in its capacity as such, or against any Related Party of any of the foregoing acting for the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent) or an L/C Issuer in connection with such capacity. The obligations of the Lenders under this subsection (c) are subject to the provisions of Section 2.12(d). (d) Waiver of Consequential Damages, Etc. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable Laws, the Borrower shall not assert, and hereby waives, any claim against any Indemnitee, on any theory of liability, for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages (as opposed to direct or actual damages) arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of, this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby, the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, any Loan or Letter of Credit or the use of the proceeds thereof. No Indemnitee referred to in subsection (b) above shall be liable for any damages arising from the use by unintended recipients of any information or other materials distributed by it through telecommunications, electronic or other information transmission systems in connection with this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby. (e) Payments. All amounts due under this Section shall be payable not later than ten Business Days after demand therefor. (f) Survival. The agreements in this Section shall survive the resignation of the Administrative Agent or any L/C Issuer, the replacement of any Lender, the termination of the Aggregate Commitments and the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all the other Obligations. 10.05 PAYMENTS SET ASIDE. To the extent that any payment by or on behalf of the Borrower is made to the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer, or the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer exercises its right of setoff, and such payment or the proceeds of such setoff or any part thereof is subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside or required (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by the Administrative Agent, such Lender or such L/C Issuer in its discretion) to be repaid to a trustee, receiver or any other party, in connection with any proceeding under any 87 Debtor Relief Law or otherwise, then (a) to the extent of such recovery, the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such setoff had not occurred, and (b) each Lender and each L/C Issuer severally agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent upon demand its applicable share (without duplication) of any amount so recovered from or repaid by the Administrative Agent, plus interest thereon from the date of such demand to the date such payment is made at a rate per annum equal to the applicable Overnight Rate from time to time in effect, in the applicable currency of such recovery or payment. The obligations of the Lenders and the L/C Issuers under clause (b) of the preceding sentence shall survive the payment in full of the Obligations and the termination of this Agreement. 10.06 SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. (a) Successors and Assigns Generally. The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, except that the Borrower may not assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent and each Lender and no Lender may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder except (i) to an Eligible Assignee in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of this Section, (ii) by way of participation in accordance with the provisions of subsection (d) of this Section, (iii) by way of pledge or assignment of a security interest subject to the restrictions of subsection (f) of this Section, or (iv) to an SPC in accordance with the provisions of subsection (h) of this Section (and any other attempted assignment or transfer by any party hereto shall be null and void). Nothing in this Agreement, expressed or implied, shall be construed to confer upon any Person (other than the parties hereto, their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, Participants to the extent provided in subsection (d) of this Section and, to the extent expressly contemplated hereby, the Related Parties of each of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement. (b) Assignments by Lenders. Any Lender may at any time assign to one or more Eligible Assignees all or a portion of its rights and obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitment and the Loans (including for purposes of this subsection (b), participations in L/C Obligations and in Swing Line Loans) at the time owing to it); provided that (i) except in the case of an assignment of the entire remaining amount of the assigning Lender's Commitment and the Loans at the time owing to it or in the case of an assignment to a Lender or an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund with respect to a Lender, the aggregate amount of the Commitment (which for this purpose includes Loans outstanding thereunder) or, if the Commitment is not then in effect, the principal outstanding balance of the Loans of the assigning Lender subject to each such assignment, determined as of the date the Assignment and Assumption with respect to such assignment is delivered to the Administrative Agent or, if "Trade Date" is specified in the Assignment and Assumption, as of the Trade Date, shall not be less than $5,000,000 unless each of the Administrative Agent and, so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Borrower otherwise consents (each such consent not 88 to be unreasonably withheld or delayed); provided, however, that concurrent assignments to members of an Assignee Group and concurrent assignments from members of an Assignee Group to a single Eligible Assignee (or to an Eligible Assignee and members of its Assignee Group) will be treated as a single assignment for purposes of determining whether such minimum amount has been met; (ii) each partial assignment shall be made as an assignment of a proportionate part of all the assigning Lender's rights and obligations under this Agreement with respect to the Loans or the Commitment assigned, except that this clause (ii) shall not apply to rights in respect of Swing Line Loans; (iii) any assignment of a Commitment must be approved by the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuers and the Swing Line Lender unless the Person that is the proposed assignee is itself a Lender (whether or not the proposed assignee would otherwise qualify as an Eligible Assignee); and (iv) the parties to each assignment shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent an Assignment and Assumption, together with a processing and recordation fee in the amount, if any, required as set forth in Schedule 10.06, and the Eligible Assignee, if it shall not be a Lender, shall deliver to the Administrative Agent an Administrative Questionnaire. Subject to acceptance and recording thereof by the Administrative Agent pursuant to subsection (c) of this Section, from and after the effective date specified in each Assignment and Assumption, the Eligible Assignee thereunder shall be a party to this Agreement and, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, have the rights and obligations of a Lender under this Agreement, and the assigning Lender thereunder shall, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, be released from its obligations under this Agreement (and, in the case of an Assignment and Assumption covering all of the assigning Lender's rights and obligations under this Agreement, such Lender shall cease to be a party hereto) but shall continue to be entitled to the benefits of Sections 3.01, 3.04, 3.05, and 10.04 with respect to facts and circumstances occurring prior to the effective date of such assignment. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, no Eligible Assignee shall be deemed an L/C Issuer without the prior written consent of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent. Upon request, the Borrower (at its expense) shall execute and deliver a Note to the assignee Lender. Any assignment or transfer by a Lender of rights or obligations under this Agreement that does not comply with this subsection shall be treated for purposes of this Agreement as a sale by such Lender of a participation in such rights and obligations in accordance with subsection (d) of this Section. (c) Register. The Administrative Agent, acting solely for this purpose as an agent of the Borrower, shall maintain at the Administrative Agent's Office a copy of each Assignment and Assumption delivered to it and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Lenders, and the Commitments of, and principal amounts of the Loans and L/C Obligations owing to, each Lender pursuant to the terms hereof from time to time (the "Register"). The entries in the Register shall be conclusive, and the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders may treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register pursuant to the terms 89 hereof as a Lender hereunder for all purposes of this Agreement, notwithstanding notice to the contrary. The Register shall be available for inspection by the Borrower and each of the L/C Issuers at any reasonable time and from time to time upon reasonable prior notice. In addition, at any time that a request for a consent for a material or substantive change to the Loan Documents is pending, any Lender may request and receive from the Administrative Agent a copy of the Register. (d) Participations. Any Lender may at any time, without the consent of, or notice to, the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, sell participations to (i) any Eligible Assignee, (ii) any commercial bank organized under the laws of the United States, or any State thereof, and having a combined capital and surplus of at least $500,000,000, (iii) any savings and loan association or savings bank organized under the laws of the United States, or any State thereof, and having a combined capital and surplus of at least $500,000,000, or (iv) any commercial bank organized under the laws of any other country that is a member of the OECD or has concluded special lending arrangements with the International Monetary Fund associated with its General Arrangements to Borrow or a political subdivision of any such country, and having a combined capital and surplus of at least $500,000,000, so long as such bank is acting through a branch or agency located in the United States (each, a "Participant") in all or a portion of such Lender's rights and/or obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitment and/or the Loans (including such Lender's participations in L/C Obligations and/or Swing Line Loans) owing to it); provided that (A) such Lender's obligations under this Agreement shall remain unchanged, (B) such Lender shall remain solely responsible to the other parties hereto for the performance of such obligations and (C) the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with such Lender's rights and obligations under this Agreement. Any agreement or instrument pursuant to which a Lender sells such a participation shall provide that such Lender shall retain the sole right to enforce this Agreement and to approve any amendment, modification or waiver of any provision of this Agreement; provided that such agreement or instrument may provide that such Lender will not, without the consent of the Participant, agree to any amendment, waiver or other modification described in the first proviso to Section 10.01 that affects such Participant. Subject to subsection (e) of this Section, the Borrower agrees that each Participant shall be entitled to the benefits of Sections 3.01, 3.04 and 3.05 to the same extent as if it were a Lender and had acquired its interest by assignment pursuant to subsection (b) of this Section. To the extent permitted by law, each Participant also shall be entitled to the benefits of Section 10.08 as though it were a Lender, provided such Participant agrees to be subject to Section 2.13 as though it were a Lender. (e) Limitation upon Participant Rights. A Participant shall not be entitled to receive any greater payment under Section 3.01 or 3.04 than the applicable Lender would have been entitled to receive with respect to the participation sold to such Participant, unless the sale of the participation to such Participant is made with the Borrower's prior written consent. A Participant that would be a Foreign Lender if it were a Lender shall not be entitled to the benefits of Section 3.01 unless the Borrower is notified of the participation sold to such Participant and such Participant agrees, for the benefit of the Borrower, to comply with Section 3.01(e) as though it were a Lender. 90 (f) Certain Pledges. Any Lender may at any time pledge or assign a security interest in all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement (including under its Note(s), if any) to secure obligations of such Lender, including any pledge or assignment to secure obligations to a Federal Reserve Bank; provided that no such pledge or assignment shall release such Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or substitute any such pledgee or assignee for such Lender as a party hereto. (g) Electronic Execution of Assignments. The words "execution," "signed," "signature," and words of like import in any Assignment and Assumption shall be deemed to include electronic signatures or the keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or enforceability as a manually executed signature or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping system, as the case may be, to the extent and as provided for in any applicable Laws, including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the New York State Electronic Signatures and Records Act, or any other similar state laws based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act. (h) Special Purpose Funding Vehicles. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, any Lender (a "Granting Lender") may grant to a special purpose funding vehicle identified as such in writing from time to time by the Granting Lender to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower (an "SPC") the option to provide all or any part of any Committed Loan that such Granting Lender would otherwise be obligated to make pursuant to this Agreement; provided that (i) nothing herein shall constitute a commitment by any SPC to fund any Committed Loan, and (ii) if an SPC elects not to exercise such option or otherwise fails to make all or any part of such Committed Loan, the Granting Lender shall be obligated to make such Committed Loan pursuant to the terms hereof or, if it fails to do so, to make such payment to the Administrative Agent as is required under Section 2.12(b)(ii). Each party hereto hereby agrees that (i) neither the grant to any SPC nor the exercise by any SPC of such option shall increase the costs or expenses or otherwise increase or change the obligations of the Borrower under this Agreement (including its obligations under Section 3.04), (ii) no SPC shall be liable for any indemnity or similar payment obligation under this Agreement for which a Lender would be liable, and (iii) the Granting Lender shall for all purposes, including the approval of any amendment, waiver or other modification of any provision of any Loan Document, remain the lender of record hereunder. The making of a Committed Loan by an SPC hereunder shall utilize the Commitment of the Granting Lender to the same extent, and as if, such Committed Loan were made by such Granting Lender. In furtherance of the foregoing, each party hereto hereby agrees (which agreement shall survive the termination of this Agreement) that, prior to the date that is one year and one day after the payment in full of all outstanding commercial paper or other senior debt of any SPC, it will not institute against, or join any other Person in instituting against, such SPC any bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, insolvency, or liquidation proceeding under the laws of the United States or any State thereof. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, any SPC may (i) with notice to, but without prior consent of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent and with the payment of a processing fee in the amount of $2,500, assign all or any portion of its right to receive payment with respect to any Committed Loan to the Granting Lender and (ii) subject to Section 10.07, disclose any non-public information relating to its funding of Committed Loans to any rating agency, commercial paper dealer or provider of any surety or Guarantee or credit or liquidity enhancement to such SPC. 91 (i) Resignation as L/C Issuer or Swing Line Lender after Assignment. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if at any time Bank of America assigns all of its Commitment and Loans pursuant to subsection (b) above, Bank of America may, (i) upon 30 days' notice to the Borrower and the Lenders, resign as an L/C Issuer and/or (ii) upon 30 days' notice to the Borrower, resign as the Swing Line Lender. In the event of any such resignation as an L/C Issuer or Swing Line Lender, the Borrower shall be entitled to appoint from among the Lenders a successor L/C Issuer or Swing Line Lender hereunder; provided, however, that no failure by the Borrower to appoint any such successor shall affect the resignation of Bank of America as an L/C Issuer or Swing Line Lender, as the case may be. If Bank of America resigns as an L/C Issuer, it shall retain all the rights, powers, privileges and duties of an L/C Issuer hereunder with respect to all Letters of Credit outstanding as of the effective date of its resignation as an L/C Issuer and all L/C Obligations with respect thereto (including the right to require the Lenders to make Base Rate Committed Loans or fund risk participations in Unreimbursed Amounts pursuant to Section 2.03(c)). If Bank of America resigns as the Swing Line Lender, it shall retain all the rights of the Swing Line Lender provided for hereunder with respect to Swing Line Loans made by it and outstanding as of the effective date of such resignation, including the right to require the Lenders to make Base Rate Committed Loans or fund risk participations in outstanding Swing Line Loans pursuant to Section 2.04(c). Upon the appointment of a successor L/C Issuer and/or Swing Line Lender, (a) such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring L/C Issuer or Swing Line Lender, as the case may be, and (b) the successor L/C Issuer shall issue letters of credit in substitution for the Letters of Credit, if any, outstanding at the time of such succession or make other arrangements satisfactory to Bank of America to effectively assume the obligations of Bank of America with respect to such Letters of Credit. 10.07 TREATMENT OF CERTAIN INFORMATION; CONFIDENTIALITY. Each of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers agrees to maintain the confidentiality of the Information (as defined below), except that Information may be disclosed (a) to its Affiliates and to its and its Affiliates' respective partners, directors, officers, employees, agents, advisors and representatives (it being understood that the Persons to whom such disclosure is made will be informed of the confidential nature of such Information and instructed to keep such Information confidential), (b) to the extent requested by any regulatory authority purporting to have jurisdiction over it (including any self-regulatory authority, such as the National Association of Insurance Commissioners), (c) to the extent required by applicable Laws or regulations or by any subpoena or similar legal process, (d) to any other party hereto, (e) in connection with the exercise of any remedies hereunder or under any other Loan Document or any action or proceeding relating to this Agreement or any other Loan Document or the enforcement of rights hereunder or thereunder, (f) subject to an agreement containing provisions substantially the same as those of this Section, to (i) any assignee of or Participant in, or any prospective assignee of or Participant in, any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement or (ii) any actual or prospective counterparty (or its advisors) to any swap or derivative transaction relating to the Borrower and its obligations, (g) with the consent of the Borrower or (h) to the extent such Information (x) becomes publicly available other than as a result of a breach of this Section or (y) becomes available to the Administrative Agent, any Lender, any L/C Issuer or any of their respective Affiliates on a nonconfidential basis from a source other than the Borrower. 92 For purposes of this Section, "Information" means all information received from the Borrower or any Subsidiary relating to the Borrower or any Subsidiary or any of their respective businesses, other than any such information that is available to the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer on a nonconfidential basis prior to disclosure by the Borrower or any Subsidiary, provided that, in the case of information received from the Borrower or any Subsidiary after the date hereof, such information is clearly identified at the time of delivery as confidential. Any Person required to maintain the confidentiality of Information as provided in this Section shall be considered to have complied with its obligation to do so if such Person has exercised the same degree of care to maintain the confidentiality of such Information as such Person would accord to its own confidential information. Each of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers acknowledges that (a) the Information may include material non-public information concerning the Borrower or a Subsidiary, as the case may be, (b) it has developed compliance procedures regarding the use of material non-public information and (c) it will handle such material non-public information in accordance with applicable Law, including Federal and state securities Laws. 10.08 RIGHT OF SETOFF. If an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, each Lender, each L/C Issuer and each of their respective Affiliates is hereby authorized at any time and from time to time, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Laws, to set off and apply any and all deposits (general or special, time or demand, provisional or final, in whatever currency) at any time held and other obligations (in whatever currency) at any time owing by such Lender, such L/C Issuer or any such Affiliate to or for the credit or the account of the Borrower against any and all of the obligations of the Borrower now or hereafter existing under this Agreement or any other Loan Document to such Lender or such L/C Issuer, irrespective of whether or not such Lender or such L/C Issuer shall have made any demand under this Agreement or any other Loan Document and although such obligations of the Borrower may be contingent or unmatured or are owed to a branch or office of such Lender or such L/C Issuer different from the branch or office holding such deposit or obligated on such indebtedness. The rights of each Lender, each L/C Issuer and their respective Affiliates under this Section are in addition to other rights and remedies (including other rights of setoff) that such Lender, such L/C Issuer or their respective Affiliates may have. Each Lender and each L/C Issuer agrees to notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent promptly after any such setoff and application; provided that the failure to give such notice shall not affect the validity of such setoff and application. 10.09 INTEREST RATE LIMITATION. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any Loan Document, the interest paid or agreed to be paid under the Loan Documents shall not exceed the maximum rate of non-usurious interest permitted by applicable Law (the "Maximum Rate"). If the Administrative Agent or any Lender shall receive interest in an amount that exceeds the Maximum Rate, the excess interest shall be applied to the principal of the Loans or, if it exceeds such unpaid principal, refunded to the Borrower. In determining whether the interest contracted for, charged, or received by the Administrative Agent or a Lender exceeds the Maximum Rate, such Person may, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, (a) characterize any payment that is not principal as an expense, fee, or premium rather than interest, (b) exclude voluntary prepayments and the effects thereof, and (c) amortize, prorate, allocate, and spread in 93 equal or unequal parts the total amount of interest throughout the contemplated term of the Obligations hereunder. 10.10 COUNTERPARTS; INTEGRATION; EFFECTIVENESS. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. This Agreement and the other Loan Documents constitute the entire contract among the parties relating to the subject matter hereof and supersede any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof. Except as provided in Section 4.01, this Agreement shall become effective when it shall have been executed by the Administrative Agent and when the Administrative Agent shall have received counterparts hereof that, when taken together, bear the signatures of each of the other parties hereto. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Agreement by telecopy shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement. 10.11 SURVIVAL OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. All representations and warranties made hereunder and in any other Loan Document or other document delivered pursuant hereto or thereto or in connection herewith or therewith shall survive the execution and delivery hereof and thereof. Such representations and warranties have been or will be relied upon by the Administrative Agent and each Lender, regardless of any investigation made by the Administrative Agent or any Lender or on their behalf and notwithstanding that the Administrative Agent or any Lender may have had notice or knowledge of any Default at the time of any Credit Extension, and shall continue in full force and effect as long as any Loan or any other Obligation hereunder shall remain unpaid or unsatisfied or any Letter of Credit shall remain outstanding. 10.12 SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Agreement or the other Loan Documents is held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable, (a) the legality, validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall not be affected or impaired thereby and (b) the parties shall endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provisions. The invalidity of a provision in a particular jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. 10.13 REPLACEMENT OF LENDERS. If any Lender requests compensation under Section 3.04, or if the Borrower is required to pay any additional amount to any Lender or any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender pursuant to Section 3.01, or if any Lender is a Defaulting Lender, then the Borrower may, at its sole expense and effort, upon notice to such Lender and the Administrative Agent, require such Lender to assign and delegate, without recourse (in accordance with and subject to the restrictions contained in, and consents required by, Section 10.06), all of its interests, rights and obligations under this Agreement and the related Loan Documents to an assignee that shall assume such obligations (which assignee may be another Lender, if a Lender accepts such assignment), provided that: (a) the Borrower shall have paid (or caused a Designated Subsidiary to pay) to the Administrative Agent the assignment fee specified in Section 10.06(b); 94 (b) such Lender shall have received payment of an amount equal to the outstanding principal of its Loans and L/C Advances, accrued interest thereon, accrued fees and all other amounts payable to it hereunder and under the other Loan Documents (including any amounts under Section 3.05) from the assignee (to the extent of such outstanding principal and accrued interest and fees) or the Borrower or applicable Designated Subsidiary (in the case of all other amounts); (c) in the case of any such assignment resulting from a claim for compensation under Section 3.04 or payments required to be made pursuant to Section 3.01, such assignment will result in a reduction in such compensation or payments thereafter; and (d) such assignment does not conflict with applicable Laws. A Lender shall not be required to make any such assignment or delegation if, prior thereto, as a result of a waiver by such Lender or otherwise, the circumstances entitling the Borrower to require such assignment and delegation cease to apply. 10.14 GOVERNING LAW; JURISDICTION; ETC. (a) GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. (b) SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION. THE BORROWER IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY SUBMITS, FOR ITSELF AND ITS PROPERTY, TO THE NONEXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON SITTING IN KING COUNTY AND OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT OF THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON, AND ANY APPELLATE COURT FROM ANY THEREOF, IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT, OR FOR RECOGNITION OR ENFORCEMENT OF ANY JUDGMENT, AND EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY AGREES THAT ALL CLAIMS IN RESPECT OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING MAY BE HEARD AND DETERMINED IN SUCH WASHINGTON STATE COURT OR, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN SUCH FEDERAL COURT. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS BY SUIT ON THE JUDGMENT OR IN ANY OTHER MANNER PROVIDED BY LAW. NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT OR IN ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT SHALL AFFECT ANY RIGHT THAT THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, ANY LENDER OR ANY L/C ISSUER MAY OTHERWISE HAVE TO BRING ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT AGAINST THE BORROWER OR ITS PROPERTIES IN THE COURTS OF ANY JURISDICTION. (c) WAIVER OF VENUE. THE BORROWER IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OF ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR 95 RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT IN ANY COURT REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH (B) OF THIS SECTION. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE DEFENSE OF AN INCONVENIENT FORUM TO THE MAINTENANCE OF SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN ANY SUCH COURT. (d) SERVICE OF PROCESS. EACH PARTY HERETO IRREVOCABLY CONSENTS TO SERVICE OF PROCESS IN THE MANNER PROVIDED FOR NOTICES IN SECTION 10.02. NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT WILL AFFECT THE RIGHT OF ANY PARTY HERETO TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY OTHER MANNER PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. 10.15 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PERSON HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PERSON WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION. 10.16 USA PATRIOT ACT NOTICE. Each Lender that is subject to the Act (as hereinafter defined) and the Administrative Agent (for itself and not on behalf of any Lender) hereby notifies the Borrower that pursuant to the requirements of the USA Patriot Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)) (the "Act"), it is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies the Borrower, which information includes the name and address of the Borrower and other information that will allow such Lender or the Administrative Agent, as applicable, to identify the Borrower in accordance with the Act. 10.17 TIME OF THE ESSENCE. Time is of the essence of the Loan Documents. 10.18 JUDGMENT CURRENCY. If, for the purposes of obtaining judgment in any court, it is necessary to convert a sum due hereunder or any other Loan Document in one currency into another currency, the rate of exchange used shall be that at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Administrative Agent could purchase the first currency with such other currency on the Business Day preceding that on which final judgment is given. The obligation of the Borrower in respect of any such sum due from it to the Administrative Agent or the Lenders hereunder or under the other Loan Documents shall, notwithstanding any judgment in a currency (the "Judgment Currency") other than that in which such sum is denominated in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Agreement (the "Agreement Currency"), be discharged only to the extent that on the Business Day following receipt by the Administrative 96 Agent of any sum adjudged to be so due in the Judgment Currency, the Administrative Agent may in accordance with normal banking procedures purchase the Agreement Currency with the Judgment Currency. If the amount of the Agreement Currency so purchased is less than the sum originally due to the Administrative Agent from the Borrower in the Agreement Currency, the Borrower agrees, as a separate obligation and notwithstanding any such judgment, to indemnify the Administrative Agent or the Person to whom such obligation was owing against such loss. If the amount of the Agreement Currency so purchased is greater than the sum originally due to the Administrative Agent in such currency, the Administrative Agent agrees to return the amount of any excess to the Borrower (or to any other Person who may be entitled thereto under applicable Laws). 10.19 ORAL AGREEMENTS. ORAL AGREEMENTS OR ORAL COMMITMENTS TO LOAN MONEY, EXTEND CREDIT OR TO FORBEAR FROM ENFORCING REPAYMENT OF A DEBT ARE NOT ENFORCEABLE UNDER WASHINGTON LAW. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first above written. SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC. By: /s/ Robert Stone ------------------------------ Name: Robert Stone ------------------------------ Title: Vice President and Treasurer ------------------------------ BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent By: /s/ Dora A. Brown ------------------------------ Name: Dora A. Brown ------------------------------ Title: Vice President ------------------------------ BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as a Lender, an L/C Issuer and Swing Line Lender By: /s/ Timothy G. Holsapple ------------------------------ Name: Timothy G. Holsapple ------------------------------ Title: Senior Vice President ------------------------------ 97 WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as a Lender By: /s/ James L. Franzen ------------------------------ Name: James L. Franzen ------------------------------ Title: Vice President ------------------------------ U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as a Lender By: /s/ Scott J. Bell ------------------------------ Name: Scott J. Bell ------------------------------ Title: Vice President ------------------------------ THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI, LTD., as a Lender By: /s/ Hiroki Nakazawa ------------------------------ Name: Hiroki Nakazawa ------------------------------ Title: Deputy General Manager ------------------------------ CITICORP USA, INC., as a Lender By: /s/ William Douglass ------------------------------ Name: William Douglass ------------------------------ Title: Vice President ------------------------------ FIRST HAWAIIAN BANK, as a Lender By: /s/ Morris D. Rabinko ------------------------------ Name: Morris D. Rabinko ------------------------------ Title: Vice President ------------------------------ 98 COMERICA WEST INCORPORATED, as a Lender By: /s/ Elise M. Walker ------------------------------ Name: Elise M. Walker ------------------------------ Title: Vice President ------------------------------ HSBC BANK USA, N.A., as a Lender By: /s/ Paul W. Ip ------------------------------ Name: Paul W. Ip ------------------------------ Title: Vice President ------------------------------ JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., as a Lender By: /s/ Clara Sohan ------------------------------ Name: Clara Sohan ------------------------------ Title: Vice President ------------------------------ THE NORTHERN TRUST COMPANY, as a Lender By: /s/ Morgan A. Lyons ------------------------------ Name: Morgan A. Lyons ------------------------------ Title: Second Vice President ------------------------------ PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as a Lender By: /s/ Louis McLinden ------------------------------ Name: Louis McLinden ------------------------------ Title: Vice President ------------------------------ 99 SCHEDULE 1.01 MANDATORY COST FORMULAE 1. The Mandatory Cost (to the extent applicable) is an addition to the interest rate to compensate Lenders for the cost of compliance with: (a) the requirements of the Bank of England and/or the Financial Services Authority (or, in either case, any other authority which replaces all or any of its functions); or (b) the requirements of the European Central Bank. 2. On the first day of each Interest Period (or as soon as practicable thereafter) the Administrative Agent shall calculate, as a percentage rate, a rate (the "Additional Cost Rate") for each Lender, in accordance with the paragraphs set out below. The Mandatory Cost will be calculated by the Administrative Agent as a weighted average of the Lenders' Additional Cost Rates (weighted in proportion to the percentage participation of each Lender in the relevant Loan) and will be expressed as a percentage rate per annum. The Administrative Agent will, at the request of the Borrower or any Lender, deliver to the Borrower or such Lender as the case may be, a statement setting forth the calculation of any Mandatory Cost. 3. The Additional Cost Rate for any Lender lending from a Lending Office in a Participating Member State will be the percentage notified by that Lender to the Administrative Agent. This percentage will be certified by such Lender in its notice to the Administrative Agent as the cost (expressed as a percentage of such Lender's participation in all Loans made from such Lending Office) of complying with the minimum reserve requirements of the European Central Bank in respect of Loans made from that Lending Office. 4. The Additional Cost Rate for any Lender lending from a Lending Office in the United Kingdom will be calculated by the Administrative Agent as follows: (a) in relation to any Loan in Sterling: AB+C(B-D)+E x 0.01 per cent per annum -------------------------------- 100 - (A+C) (b) in relation to any Loan in any currency other than Sterling: E x 0.01 per cent per annum -------------------------------- 300 Where: "A" is the percentage of Eligible Liabilities (assuming these to be in excess of any stated minimum) which that Lender is from time to time required to maintain as 100 an interest free cash ratio deposit with the Bank of England to comply with cash ratio requirements. "B" is the percentage rate of interest (excluding the Applicable Rate, the Mandatory Cost and any interest charged on overdue amounts pursuant to the first sentence of Section 2.08(b) and, in the case of interest (other than on overdue amounts) charged at the Default Rate, without counting any increase in interest rate effected by the charging of the Default Rate) payable for the relevant Interest Period of such Loan. "C" is the percentage (if any) of Eligible Liabilities which that Lender is required from time to time to maintain as interest bearing Special Deposits with the Bank of England. "D" is the percentage rate per annum payable by the Bank of England to the Administrative Agent on interest bearing Special Deposits. "E" is designed to compensate Lenders for amounts payable under the Fees Regulations and is calculated by the Administrative Agent as being the average of the most recent rates of charge supplied by the Lenders to the Administrative Agent pursuant to paragraph 7 below and expressed in pounds per (pound)1,000,000. 5 For the purposes of this Schedule: (a) "Eligible Liabilities" and "Special Deposits" have the meanings given to them from time to time under or pursuant to the Bank of England Act 1998 or (as may be appropriate) by the Bank of England; (b) "Fees Regulations" means the FSA Supervision Manual or such other law or regulation as may be in force from time to time in respect of the payment of fees for the acceptance of deposits; (c) "Fee Tariffs" means the fee tariffs specified in the Fees Regulations under the activity group A.1 Deposit acceptors (ignoring any minimum fee or zero rated fee required pursuant to the Fees Regulations but taking into account any applicable discount rate); and (d) "Tariff Base" has the meaning given to it in, and will be calculated in accordance with, the Fees Regulations. 6 In application of the above formulae, A, B, C and D will be included in the formulae as percentages (I.E. 5% will be included in the formula as 5 and not as 0.05). A negative result obtained by subtracting D from B shall be taken as zero. The resulting figures shall be rounded to four decimal places. 7. If requested by the Administrative Agent or the Borrower, each Lender with a Lending Office in the United Kingdom or a Participating Member State shall, as soon as practicable after publication by the Financial Services Authority, supply to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower, the rate of charge payable by such Lender to the 101 Financial Services Authority pursuant to the Fees Regulations in respect of the relevant financial year of the Financial Services Authority (calculated for this purpose by such Lender as being the average of the Fee Tariffs applicable to such Lender for that financial year) and expressed in pounds per (pound)1,000,000 of the Tariff Base of such Lender. 8. Each Lender shall supply any information required by the Administrative Agent for the purpose of calculating its Additional Cost Rate. In particular, but without limitation, each Lender shall supply the following information in writing on or prior to the date on which it becomes a Lender: (a) its jurisdiction of incorporation and the jurisdiction of the Lending Office out of which it is making available its participation in the relevant Loan; and (b) any other information that the Administrative Agent may reasonably require for such purpose. Each Lender shall promptly notify the Administrative Agent in writing of any change to the information provided by it pursuant to this paragraph. 9. The percentages or rates of charge of each Lender for the purpose of A, C and E above shall be determined by the Administrative Agent based upon the information supplied to it pursuant to paragraphs 7 and 8 above and on the assumption that, unless a Lender notifies the Administrative Agent to the contrary, each Lender's obligations in relation to cash ratio deposits, Special Deposits and the Fees Regulations are the same as those of a typical bank from its jurisdiction of incorporation with a Lending Office in the same jurisdiction as such Lender's Lending Office. 10. The Administrative Agent shall have no liability to any Person if such determination results in an Additional Cost Rate which over- or under-compensates any Lender and shall be entitled to assume that the information provided by any Lender pursuant to paragraphs 3, 7 and 8 above is true and correct in all respects. 11. The Administrative Agent shall distribute the additional amounts received as a result of the Mandatory Cost to the Lenders on the basis of the Additional Cost Rate for each Lender based on the information provided by each Lender pursuant to paragraphs 3, 7 and 8 above. 12. Any determination by the Administrative Agent pursuant to this Schedule in relation to a formula, the Mandatory Cost, an Additional Cost Rate or any amount payable to a Lender shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive and binding on all parties hereto. 13. The Administrative Agent may from time to time, after consultation with the Borrower and the Lenders, determine and notify to all parties any amendments which are required to be made to this Schedule in order to comply with any change in law, regulation or any requirements from time to time imposed by the Bank of England, the Financial Services Authority or the European Central Bank (or, in any case, any other authority which replaces all or any of its functions) and any such determination shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive and binding on all parties hereto. 102 SCHEDULE 2.01 COMMITMENTS AND APPLICABLE PERCENTAGES APPLICABLE LENDER COMMITMENT PERCENTAGE - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bank of America, N.A. $ 65,000,000 16.250000000% Wells Fargo Bank, National Association $ 60,000,000 15.000000000% U.S. Bank National Association $ 50,000,000 12.500000000% The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd. $ 40,000,000 10.000000000% Citicorp USA, Inc. $ 35,000,000 8.750000000% First Hawaiian Bank $ 25,000,000 6.250000000% Comerica West Incorporated $ 25,000,000 6.250000000% HSBC Bank USA, N.A. $ 25,000,000 6.250000000% JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. $ 25,000,000 6.250000000% The Northern Trust Company $ 25,000,000 6.250000000% PNC Bank, National Association $ 25,000,000 6.250000000% Total $ 400,000,000 100.000000000% 103 SCHEDULE 5.06 LITIGATION 1. FCPA Investigation. The Department of Justice and the Securities and Exchange Commission are conducting an investigation of possible violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (Pub. L. No. 95-23, 91 Stat. 1494) resulting from alleged practices of paying commissions to purchasing managers of the Borrower's and its Subsidiaries' customers in Asia in connection with export sales of recycled steel. 104 SCHEDULE 5.09 ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS As of August 31, 2005, the Borrower's balance sheet included reserves for environmental liabilities totaling $23.5 million. As a result of the separation and termination of the Borrower's joint ventures with Hugo Neu Corporation which closed on September 30, 2005, the acquisition of Greenleaf Auto Recyclers, LLC which closed on September 30, 2005, and the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Regional Recycling LLC which closed on October 31, 2005, the Borrower will record substantial additional reserves for estimated environmental liabilities on its balance sheet as of November 30, 2005 as a result of due diligence performed in connection with those acquisitions. The Borrower expects that future business acquisitions will similarly result in the Borrower recording reserves for additional estimated environmental liabilities. The following is a more specific discussion of reserves and environmental matters pending as of August 31, 2005: METALS RECYCLING BUSINESS In connection with acquisitions in the Metals Recycling Business Segment in 1995 and 1996, the Borrower carried over to its financial statements reserves for environmental liabilities previously recorded by the acquired companies. These reserves are evaluated quarterly according to Borrower's policy. On August 31, 2005, environmental reserves for the Metals Recycling Business aggregated $18.0 million. HYLEBOS WATERWAY REMEDIATION. General Metals of Tacoma (GMT), a subsidiary of the Borrower, owns and operates a metals recycling facility located in the State of Washington on the Hylebos Waterway, a part of Commencement Bay, which is the subject of an ongoing remediation project by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). GMT and more than 60 other parties were named potentially responsible parties (PRPs) for the investigation and clean-up of contaminated sediment along the Hylebos Waterway. On March 25, 2002, EPA issued Unilateral Administrative Orders (UAOs) to GMT and another party (Other Party) to proceed with Remedial Design and Remedial Action (RD/RA) for the head of the Hylebos and to two other parties to proceed with the RD/RA for the balance of the waterway. The UAO for the head of the Hylebos Waterway was converted to a voluntary consent decree in 2004, pursuant to which GMT and the Other Party agreed to remediate the head of the Hylebos Waterway. There are two phases to the remediation of the head of the Hylebos Waterway. The first phase was the intertidal and bank remediation, which was conducted in 2003 and early 2004. The second phase is dredging in the head of the Hylebos Waterway, which began on July 15, 2004. During fiscal 2005, the Borrower paid remediation costs of $15.9 million related to Hylebos dredging which resulted in a reduction of the environmental liability. The Borrower's cost estimates were based on the assumption that dredge removal of contaminated sediments would be accomplished within one dredge season during July 2004 - February 2005. However, due to a variety of factors, including dredge contractor operational issues and other dredge related 105 delays, the dredging was not completed during the first dredge season. As a result, the Borrower recorded environmental charges of $13.5 million in fiscal 2005 primarily to account for additional estimated costs to complete this work during a second dredging season, and the total reserve for this site was $10.6 million at August 31, 2005. The Borrower and the Other Party have filed a complaint in the United States Federal District Court for Western Washington against the dredge contractor to recover damages and a significant portion of the increased costs of the second dredging season to complete the project. However, generally accepted accounting principles do not allow the Borrower to recognize the benefits of any such recovery until receipt is highly probable. GMT and the Other Party are pursuing settlement negotiations and legal actions against other non-settling, non-performing PRPs to recover additional amounts that may be applied against the head of the Hylebos remediation costs. During fiscal 2005, the Borrower recovered $0.7 million from four non-performing PRPs. Because the expectation of contributions from other PRPs in this amount had previously been taken into account as a reduction in the Borrower's reserve for environmental liabilities, the Borrower recorded a $0.7 million increase in environmental liabilities in connection with these recoveries. Uncertainties continue to exist regarding the total cost to remediate this site as well as the Borrower's share of those costs; nevertheless, the Borrower's estimate of its liabilities related to this site is based on information currently available. The Natural Resource Damage Trustees (Trustees) for Commencement Bay have asserted claims against GMT and other PRPs within the Hylebos Waterway area for alleged damage to natural resources. In March 2002, the Trustees delivered a draft settlement proposal to GMT and others in which the Trustees suggested a methodology for resolving the dispute, but did not indicate any proposed damages or cost amounts. In June 2002, GMT responded to the Trustees' draft settlement proposal with various corrections and other comments, as did twenty other participants. It is unknown at this time whether, or to what extent, GMT will be liable for natural resource damages. The Borrower's previously recorded environmental liabilities include an estimate of the Borrower's potential liability for these claims. PORTLAND HARBOR. In December 2000, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) named the Portland Harbor, a 5.5 mile stretch of the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, as a Superfund site. The Borrower's metals recycling and deep water terminal facility in Portland, Oregon is located adjacent to the Portland Harbor. Crawford Street Corporation, a Borrower subsidiary, also owns property adjacent to the Portland Harbor. The EPA has identified 69 PRPs, including the Borrower and Crawford Street Corporation, which own or operate sites adjacent to the Portland Harbor Superfund site. The precise nature and extent of any clean-up of the Portland Harbor, the parties to be involved, the process to be followed for such a clean-up, and the allocation of any costs for the clean-up among responsible parties have not yet been determined. It is unclear whether or to what extent the Borrower or Crawford Street Corporation will be liable for environmental costs or damages associated with the Superfund site. It is also unclear whether or to what extent natural resource damage claims or third party contribution or damages claims will be asserted against the Borrower. While the Borrower and Crawford Street Corporation participated in certain preliminary Portland Harbor study efforts, they are not parties to the consent order entered into by the EPA with other PRPs (Lower Willamette Group) for a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study; however, the Borrower and 106 Crawford Street Corporation could become liable for a share of the costs of this study at a later stage of the proceedings. Separately, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) has requested operating history and other information from numerous persons and entities which own or conduct operations on properties adjacent to or upland from the Portland Harbor, including the Borrower and Crawford Street Corporation. The DEQ investigations at the Borrower and Crawford Street sites are focused on controlling any current releases of contaminants into the Willamette River. The Borrower has agreed to a voluntary Remedial Investigation/Source Control effort with the DEQ regarding its Portland, Oregon deep water terminal facility and the site owned by Crawford Street Corporation. DEQ identified these sites as potential sources of contaminants that could be released into the Willamette River. The Borrower believes that improvements in the operations at these sites, often referred to as Best Management Practices (BMPs), will be provide effective source control and avoid the release of contaminants from these sites, and has proposed to DEQ the implementation of BMPs as the resolution of this investigation. The cost of the investigations associated with these properties and the cost of employment of source control BMPs are not expected to be material. No estimate is currently possible and none has been made as to the cost of remediation for the Portland Harbor or the Borrower's adjacent properties. OTHER METALS RECYCLING BUSINESS SITES. During the second quarter of fiscal 2005, in connection with the negotiation of the separation and termination of the Borrower's metals recycling joint ventures with Hugo Neu Corporation, the Borrower conducted an environmental due diligence investigation of certain joint venture businesses it proposed to acquire. As a result of this investigation, the Borrower identified certain environmental risks and accrued $2.6 million for its share of the estimated costs to remediate these risks. No environmental proceedings are pending at any of these sites. This charge was included in "Operating income from joint ventures" in the Borrower's consolidated statement of income. The Washington State Department of Ecology named GMT, along with a number of other parties, as Potentially Liable Parties (PLPs) for a site referred to as Tacoma Metals. GMT operated on this site under a lease prior to 1982. The property owner and current operator have taken the lead role in performing a Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) for the site. The Borrower's previously recorded environmental liabilities include an estimate of the Borrower's potential liability at this site. A Borrower subsidiary is also a named PRP at another third-party site at which it allegedly disposed of automobile shredder residue. The site has not yet been subject to significant remedial investigation. In addition to the matters discussed above, the Borrower's environmental reserve includes amounts for potential future cleanup of other sites at which the company or its acquired subsidiaries have conducted business or allegedly disposed of other materials. 107 AUTO PARTS BUSINESS From fiscal 2003 through fiscal 2005, the Borrower completed three acquisitions of businesses in the Auto Parts Business segment. At the time of each acquisition, the Borrower conducted an environmental due diligence investigation related to locations involved in the acquisition. As a result of the environmental due diligence investigations, the Borrower recorded a reserve for the estimated cost to cure certain environmental liabilities. The reserve is evaluated quarterly according to Borrower's policy. On August 31, 2005, the reserve aggregated $5.5 million. No environmental proceedings are pending at any of these sites. 108 SCHEDULE 5.12 ERISA MATTERS The following disclosures are made to specify exceptions under 5.12 with respect to Borrower and its ERISA Affiliates: 1. Cascade Steel Rolling Mills - Multiemployer Plan. Cascade Steel Rolling Mills (CSRM), an ERISA Affiliate of Borrower, is a participating employer in the Steelworkers Western Independent Shops Pension Plan (SWISPP). In accordance with collective bargaining agreements, CSRM makes contributions to the SWISPP with respect to its employees covered by such bargaining agreements. The SWISPP is a Multiemployer Plan. The trustees of the SWISPP submitted an application during September 2003 to the IRS for minimum funding relief, requesting an extension of the amortization period under Code Section 412(e) for the plan. As part of that application, the IRS has provided tentative indications to the trustees that the IRS would not approve the extension of the amortization period unless participating employers increased their ongoing rate of contributions. The SWISPP actuaries estimated that participating employers would need to increase their rate of contributions on average at a rate of 6% per year (compounded annually) for a period of time extending beyond the term of the current collective bargaining agreements. Participating employers who historically have made the substantial majority of ongoing contributions to the SWISPP recently agreed to increase their rates of contributions in a manner intended to meet the tentative requirement described above necessary to obtain Code Section 412(e) relief. CSRM is one such employer that has agreed to this increase in its contribution rate. For participating employers that refused to agree to an increased contribution rate, the trustees amended the SWISPP to eliminate future accruals. Certain other participating employers elected to withdraw from the SWISPP in lieu of consenting to the increased contribution rate. The SWISPP trustees have supplemented the minimum funding application to inform the IRS about the circumstances relating to the participating employers described above. The SWISPP trustees continue to wait for a response from the IRS, and it remains uncertain whether or when the IRS will grant the requested relief. 109 SCHEDULE 5.13 SUBSIDIARIES AND OTHER EQUITY INVESTMENTS
PERCENT PART (A) MATERIAL SUBSIDIARIES OWNERSHIP - ------------------------------- --------- Cascade Steel Rolling Mills, Inc., an Oregon corporation 100% General Metals of Tacoma, Inc., a Washington corporation 100% Greenleaf Auto Recyclers, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company 100% Joint Venture Operations, Inc., a Delaware corporation 100% Manufacturing Management, Inc., an Oregon corporation 100% Metals Recycling, LLC., a Delaware limited liability company 60% Norprop, Inc., an Oregon corporation 100% Pick and Pull Auto Dismantling, Inc., a California corporation 100% PNP Commercial Acquisition, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company 100% Proler International Corp., a Delaware corporation 100% Proler Steel, Inc., a Delaware corporation 100% Proleride Transport Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation 100% Prolerized New England Company, a New York general partnership 100% Regional Recycling, Inc., an Oregon corporation 100% Schnitzer Global Exchange Corp., a Delaware corporation 100% Schnitzer Southeast, LLC, a Georgia limited liability company 100% TTS Recycling LLC, a Delaware limited liability company 100% PERCENT PART (B) OTHER EQUITY INVESTMENTS OVER $5 MILLION OWNERSHIP - -------------------------------------------------- --------- Edman Corp., an Oregon corporation 100% GLA Real Estate Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company 100% Levi's Iron and Metal, Inc., an Oregon corporation 100% New England Metal Recycling, LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability company 100% Norprop Canadian Properties, Inc., an Oregon corporation 100% Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, a California general partnership 100% Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Columbus, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company 100% Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Kansas City, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company 100% Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, St. Louis, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company 100% Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Stockton, LLC, a California limited liability company 100% Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Virginia Beach, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company 100% PNP Auto Parts Canada Co., a Nova Scotia corporation 100% Schnitzer Steel Hawaii Corp., a Delaware corporation 100%
110 SCHEDULE 5.18 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MATTERS None. 111 SCHEDULE 7.01 EXISTING LIENS TYPE OF PROPERTY SUBJECT AMOUNT DEBTOR NAME CREDITOR NAME CREDIT TO LIEN SECURED ----------- ------------- ------ ------- ------- General Metals of City of Tacoma, Loan All property $83,333.40 Tacoma, Inc. WA 112 SCHEDULE 7.03 EXISTING INDEBTEDNESS AMOUNT OF DEBTOR NAME CREDITOR NAME TYPE OF CREDIT CREDIT SECURED ----------- ------------- -------------- -------------- Cascade Steel Rolling State of Oregon Industrial Revenue $7,700,000.00 Mills, Inc. (Supported by Bank Bonds of NY Trust Co. LC) General Metals of City of Tacoma, WA Loan $83,333.40 Tacoma, Inc. 113 SCHEDULE 10.02 ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT'S OFFICE; CERTAIN ADDRESSES FOR NOTICES BORROWER: Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. 3200 NW Yeon Avenue P.O. Box 10047 Portland, Oregon 97296 Attention: General Counsel Telephone: (503) 224-9900 Telecopier: (503) 299-2277 Electronic Mail: generalcounsel@schn.com WITH COPY TO: rstone@schn.com Website Address: www.schnitzersteel.com ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT: ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT'S OFFICE - ----------------------------- (FOR PAYMENTS AND REQUESTS FOR CREDIT EXTENSIONS): Bank of America, N.A. Credit Services Mail Code: CA4-702-02-25 2001 Clayton Road, Floor 2 Concord, California 94520 Attention: Vilma Tang Telephone: (925) 675-7336 Telecopier: (888) 969-9285 Electronic Mail: vilma.tang@bankofamerica.com Account No. (for Dollars): 3750836479 Bank of America, N.A Ref: Schnitzer Steel Ind, Attn: Vilma Tang ABA# 111 000 012 Account No. (for Euro): 96272019 Bank of America London Ref: Schnitzer Steel Ind., Attn: Grand Cayman Unit #1207 Swift Address: BOFAGB22 Account No. (for Sterling): 96272027 Bank of America London Ref: Schnitzer Steel Ind., Attn: Grand Cayman Unit #1207 London Sort Code: 16-50-50 Swift Address: BOFAGB22 114 Account No. (for Yen): 96272011 Bank of America Tokyo Ref: Schnitzer Steel Ind., Attn: Grand Cayman Unit #1207 Swift Address: BOFAJPJX OTHER NOTICES AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT: - -------------------------------------- Bank of America, N.A. Commercial Agency Management Mail Code: WA1-501-37-20 800 Fifth Avenue, Floor 37 Seattle, Washington 98104 Attention: Dora A. Brown Vice President Telephone: (206) 358-0101 Telecopier: (206) 358-0971 Electronic Mail: dora.a.brown@bankofamerica.com BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. (NOTICES AS AN L/C ISSUER): Bank of America, N.A. Trade Operations-Los Angeles #22621 333 S. Beaudry Avenue, 19th Floor Mail Code: CA9-703-19-23 Los Angeles, California 90017-1466 Attention: Sandra Leon Vice President Telephone: (213) 345-5231 Telecopier: (213) 345-6694 Electronic Mail: sandra.leon@bankofamerica.com SWING LINE LENDER: Bank of America, N.A. Credit Services Mail Code: CA4-702-02-25 2001 Clayton Road, Floor 2 Concord, California 94520 Attention: Vilma Tang Telephone: (925) 675-7336 Telecopier: (888) 969-9285 Electronic Mail: vilma.tang@bankofamerica.com Account No.: 3750836479 Ref: Schnitzer Steel Ind, Attn: Vilma Tang ABA# 111 000 012 115 BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. (NOTICES AS A LENDER): Bank of America, N.A. Commercial Banking Mail Code: WA1-501-36-06 800 Fifth Avenue, Floor 36 Seattle, Washington 98104 Attention: Timothy G. Holsapple Senior Vice President Telephone: (206) 358-3130 Telecopier: (206) 585-1794 Electronic Mail: tim.holsapple@bankamerica.com WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION Wells Fargo Bank, National Association Portland Regional Commercial Banking Office 1300 SW Fifth Avenue, Suite 1300 Portland Oregon 97201 Attention: James L Franzen Vice President Telephone: (503) 886-2288 Telecopier: (503) 886-3210 Electronic Mail: franzej@wellsfargo.com U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION U.S. Bank National Association Northwest Corporate Banking Division 111 SW Fifth Avenue, Suite 400 Portland, Oregon 97204 Attention: Scott J. Bell Vice President Telephone: (503) 275-4809 Telecopier: (503) 275-5428 Electronic Mail: scott.bell@usbank.com 116 THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI, LTD. The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd. 2300 Pacwest Center 1211 SW Fifth Avenue Portland, Oregon 97204 Attention: Hiroki Nakazawa Vice President & Manager Telephone: (503) 222-5130 Telecopier: (503) 222-0215 Electronic Mail: hnakazawa@btmna.com CITICORP USA, INC. Citicorp USA, Inc. Citigroup Private Bank 153 East 53rd Street, Floor 18 New York, New York 10022 Attention: William Douglass Vice President Telephone: (212) 559-9938 Telecopier: (212) 793-4813 Electronic Mail: william.douglass@citigroup.com FIRST HAWAIIAN BANK First Hawaiian Bank Corporate Hawaii Division 999 Bishop Street, Floor 11 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Attention: Morris D. Rabinko Vice President Telephone: (808) 525-5003 Telecopier: (808) 525-6200 Electronic Mail: mrabinko@fhwn.com COMERICA WEST INCORPORATED Comerica West Incorporated 611 Anton Boulevard, Suite 400 Costa Mesa, California 92626 Attention: Don R. Carruth Corporate Banking Officer Telephone: (714) 433-3232 Telecopier: (714) 433-3236 Electronic Mail: drcarruth@comerica.com 117 HSBC BANK USA, N.A. HSBC Bank USA, N.A. 601 SW Second Avenue, Suite 1650 Portland, Oregon 97204 Attention: Paul W. Ip Vice President Telephone: (503) 299-1160 Telecopier: (503) 242-2413 Electronic Mail: paul.w.ip@us.hsbc.com JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. 1999 Avenue of the Stars, Suite 2700 Los Angeles, California 90067 Attention: Molly Morgan Vice President Telephone: (310) 860-7252 Telecopier: (310) 860-7110 Electronic Mail: molly.morgan@jpmchase.com THE NORTHERN TRUST COMPANY The Northern Trust Company 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, Illinois 60603 Attention: Morgan A. Lyons Vice President Telephone: (312) 444-3041 Telecopier: (312) 444-7028 Electronic Mail: mal10@ntrs.com PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION PNC Bank, National Association One PNC Plaza 249 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-2707 Attention: Louis McLinden Vice President Telephone: (412) 762-8830 Telecopier: (412) 705-3232 Electronic Mail: louis.mclinden@pnc.com 118 SCHEDULE 10.06 PROCESSING AND RECORDATION FEES The Administrative Agent will charge a processing and recordation fee (an "Assignment Fee") in the amount of $2,500 for each assignment; provided, however, that in the event of two or more concurrent assignments to members of the same Assignee Group (which may be effected by a suballocation of an assigned amount among members of such Assignee Group) or two or more concurrent assignments by members of the same Assignee Group to a single Eligible Assignee (or to an Eligible Assignee and members of its Assignee Group), the Assignment Fee will be $2,500 plus the amount set forth below: TRANSACTION ASSIGNMENT FEE First four concurrent assignments or suballocations -0- to members of an Assignee Group (or from members of an Assignee Group, as applicable) Each additional concurrent assignment or $500 suballocation to a member of such Assignee Group (or from a member of such Assignee Group, as applicable) 119 EXHIBIT A FORM OF COMMITTED LOAN NOTICE Date: ___________, ____ To: Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent Ladies and Gentlemen: Reference is made to that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2005 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the "Agreement;" the terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc., an Oregon corporation (the "Borrower"), the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer and Swing Line Lender. The Borrower hereby requests (select one): [ ] A Borrowing of Committed Loans [ ] A conversion or continuation of Loans 1. On _____________________ (a Business Day). 2. In the amount of $ ____________. 3. Comprised of __________________________________. [Type of Committed Loan requested] 4. In the following currency: ______________________. 5. For Eurocurrency Rate Loans: with an Interest Period of ___ months. The Committed Borrowing, if any, requested herein complies with the provisos to the first sentence of Section 2.01 of the Agreement. SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- 120 EXHIBIT B FORM OF SWING LINE LOAN NOTICE Date: ___________, ____ To: Bank of America, N.A., as Swing Line Lender Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent Ladies and Gentlemen: Reference is made to that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2005 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the "Agreement;" the terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc., an Oregon corporation (the "Borrower"), the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer and Swing Line Lender. The undersigned hereby requests a Swing Line Loan: 1. On ________________ (a Business Day). 2. In the amount of $ ___________. The Swing Line Borrowing requested herein complies with the requirements of the provisos to the first sentence of Section 2.04(a) of the Agreement. SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- 121 EXHIBIT C AMENDED AND RESTATED PROMISSORY NOTE $__,000,000 November 8, 2005 FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned (the "Borrower") hereby promises to pay to _____________________, a [national banking association], or registered assigns (the "Lender"), in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement (as hereinafter defined), the principal amount of each Loan from time to time made by the Lender to the Borrower under that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2005 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the "Agreement;" the terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc., an Oregon corporation, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, an L/C Issuer and Swing Line Lender. This Note amends, restates and continues [(i)] a portion of that certain Amended and Restated Promissory Note made by the Borrower in favor of [Lender][Bank of America, N.A., a national banking association,] dated April 25, 2005 in the amount of [$45,000,000, (ii) a portion of that certain Amended and Restated Promissory Note made by the Borrower in favor of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, a national banking association, dated April 25, 2005 in the amount of $40,000,000, (iii) a portion of that certain Amended and Restated Promissory Note made by the Borrower in favor of U.S. Bank National Association, a national banking association, a national banking association, dated April 25, 2005 in the amount of $40,000,000 and (iv) a portion of that certain Amended and Restated Promissory Note made by the Borrower in favor of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd., a banking corporation organized under the laws of Japan, a national banking association, dated April 25, 2005 in the amount of $25,000,000] (collectively, the "Prior Notes"). The indebtedness evidenced by the Prior Notes has not been repaid, satisfied or discharged and nothing herein shall constitute a repayment, satisfaction or discharge of such indebtedness. The Borrower promises to pay interest on the unpaid principal amount of each Loan from the date of such Loan until such principal amount is paid in full, at such interest rates and at such times as provided in the Agreement. Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.04(f) of the Agreement with respect to Swing Line Loans, all payments of principal and interest shall be made to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Lender in the currency in which such Committed Loan was denominated and in Same Day Funds at the Administrative Agent's Office for such currency. If any amount is not paid in full when due hereunder, such unpaid amount shall bear interest, to be paid upon demand, from the due date thereof until the date of actual payment (and before as well as after judgment) computed at the per annum rate set forth in the Agreement. This Note is one of the Notes referred to in the Agreement, is entitled to the benefits thereof and may be prepaid in whole or in part subject to the terms and conditions provided therein. This Note is also entitled to the benefits of the Guaranty. Upon the occurrence and continuation of one or more of the Events of Default specified in the Agreement, all amounts then remaining unpaid on this Note shall become, or may be declared to be, immediately due and 122 payable all as provided in the Agreement. Loans made by the Lender shall be evidenced by one or more loan accounts or records maintained by the Lender in the ordinary course of business. The Lender may also attach schedules to this Note and endorse thereon the date, amount, currency and maturity of its Loans and payments with respect thereto. The Borrower, for itself, its successors and assigns, hereby waives diligence, presentment, protest and demand and notice of protest, demand, dishonor and non-payment of this Note. THIS NOTE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- 123 LOANS AND PAYMENTS WITH RESPECT THERETO CURRENCY AMOUNT OF AND PRINCIPAL OR OUTSTANDING TYPE OF AMOUNT OF END OF INTEREST PRINCIPAL LOAN LOAN INTEREST PAID THIS BALANCE NOTATION DATE MADE MADE PERIOD DATE THIS DATE MADE BY - ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- - ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- - ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- - ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- - ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- - ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- - ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- - ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- - ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- - ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- - ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- - ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- - ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- - ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- - ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- - ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------------- ------------ -------- 124 EXHIBIT D FORM OF COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE Financial Statement Date: ________, 20__ To: Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent Ladies and Gentlemen: Reference is made to that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2005 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the "Agreement;" the terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc., an Oregon corporation (the "Borrower"), the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer and Swing Line Lender. The undersigned Responsible Officer hereby certifies as of the date hereof that he/she is the ____________________________ of the Borrower, and that, as such, he/she is authorized to execute and deliver this Certificate to the Administrative Agent on the behalf of the Borrower, and that: [USE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH 1 FOR FISCAL YEAR-END FINANCIAL STATEMENTS] 1. Attached hereto as Schedule 1 are the year-end audited financial statements required by Section 6.01(a) of the Agreement for the fiscal year of the Borrower ended as of the above date, together with the report and opinion of an independent certified public accountant required by such section. [USE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH 1 FOR FISCAL QUARTER-END FINANCIAL STATEMENTS] 1. Attached hereto as Schedule 1 are the unaudited financial statements required by Section 6.01(b) of the Agreement for the fiscal quarter of the Borrower ended as of the above date. Such financial statements fairly present the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP as at such date and for such period, subject only to normal year-end audit adjustments and the absence of certain footnotes. 2. The undersigned has reviewed and is familiar with the terms of the Agreement and has made, or has caused to be made under his/her supervision, a detailed review of the transactions and condition (financial or otherwise) of the Borrower during the accounting period covered by the attached financial statements. 3. A review of the activities of the Borrower during such fiscal period has been made under the supervision of the undersigned with a view to determining whether during such fiscal period the Borrower performed and observed all its Obligations under the Loan Documents, and 125 [SELECT ONE:] [TO THE BEST KNOWLEDGE OF THE UNDERSIGNED DURING SUCH FISCAL PERIOD, THE BORROWER PERFORMED AND OBSERVED EACH COVENANT AND CONDITION OF THE LOAN DOCUMENTS APPLICABLE TO IT, AND NO DEFAULT HAS OCCURRED AND IS CONTINUING.] --OR-- [THE FOLLOWING COVENANTS OR CONDITIONS HAVE NOT BEEN PERFORMED OR OBSERVED AND THE FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF EACH SUCH DEFAULT AND ITS NATURE AND STATUS:] 4. The representations and warranties of (i) the Borrower contained in Article V of the Agreement and (ii) each Loan Party contained in each other Loan Document or in any document furnished at any time under or in connection with the Loan Documents, are true and correct on and as of the date hereof, except to the extent that such representations and warranties specifically refer to an earlier date, in which case they are true and correct as of such earlier date, and except that for purposes of this Compliance Certificate, the representations and warranties contained in subsections (a) and (b) of Section 5.05 of the Agreement shall be deemed to refer to the most recent statements furnished pursuant to clauses (a) and (b), respectively, of Section 6.01 of the Agreement, including the statements in connection with which this Compliance Certificate is delivered. 5. The financial covenant analyses and information set forth on Schedule 2 attached hereto are true and accurate on and as of the date of this Certificate. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Certificate as of ________, 20__. SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- 126 For the Quarter/Year ended ___________("Statement Date") SCHEDULE 2 to the Compliance Certificate ($ in 000's) 127 For the Quarter/Year ended ___________("Statement Date") SCHEDULE 3 to the Compliance Certificate ($ in 000's) 128 EXHIBIT E ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION This Assignment and Assumption (this "Assignment and Assumption") is dated as of the Effective Date set forth below and is entered into by and between [INSERT NAME OF ASSIGNOR] (the "Assignor") and [INSERT NAME OF ASSIGNEE] (the "Assignee"). Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Credit Agreement identified below (the "Credit Agreement"), receipt of a copy of which is hereby acknowledged by the Assignee. The Standard Terms and Conditions set forth in Annex 1 attached hereto are hereby agreed to and incorporated herein by reference and made a part of this Assignment and Assumption as if set forth herein in full. For an agreed consideration, the Assignor hereby irrevocably sells and assigns to the Assignee, and the Assignee hereby irrevocably purchases and assumes from the Assignor, subject to and in accordance with the Standard Terms and Conditions and the Credit Agreement, as of the Effective Date inserted by the Administrative Agent as contemplated below (i) all of the Assignor's rights and obligations as a Lender under the Credit Agreement and any other documents or instruments delivered pursuant thereto to the extent related to the amount and percentage interest identified below of all of such outstanding rights and obligations of the Assignor under the respective facilities identified below (including, without limitation, the Letters of Credit and the Swing Line Loans included in such facilities) and (ii) to the extent permitted to be assigned under applicable law, all claims, suits, causes of action and any other right of the Assignor (in its capacity as a Lender) against any Person, whether known or unknown, arising under or in connection with the Credit Agreement, any other documents or instruments delivered pursuant thereto or the loan transactions governed thereby or in any way based on or related to any of the foregoing, including, but not limited to, contract claims, tort claims, malpractice claims, statutory claims and all other claims at law or in equity related to the rights and obligations sold and assigned pursuant to clause (i) above (the rights and obligations sold and assigned pursuant to clauses (i) and (ii) above being referred to herein collectively as, the "Assigned Interest"). Such sale and assignment is without recourse to the Assignor and, except as expressly provided in this Assignment and Assumption, without representation or warranty by the Assignor. 1. Assignor: ___________________________ 2. Assignee: ___________________________ [and is an Affiliate/Approved Fund of [IDENTIFY LENDER]] 3. Borrower: Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. 4. Administrative Agent: Bank of America, N.A., as the administrative agent under the Credit Agreement 5. Credit Agreement: Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2005, among Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc., the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer and Swing Line Lender 129 6. Assigned Interest: - ----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ------- Aggregate Amount of Amount of Percentage Commitment/Loans Commitment/Loans Assigned of CUSIP Facility Assigned for all Lenders* Assigned* Commitment/Loans Number - ----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ------- $ $ % - ----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ------- $ $ % - ----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ------- $ $ % - ----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ------- [7. Trade Date: ________________] Effective Date: ___________, 20__ [TO BE INSERTED BY ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND WHICH SHALL BE THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF RECORDATION OF TRANSFER IN THE REGISTER THEREFOR.] The terms set forth in this Assignment and Assumption are hereby agreed to: ASSIGNOR [NAME OF ASSIGNOR] By: -------------------------------- Title: ASSIGNEE [NAME OF ASSIGNEE] By: -------------------------------- Title: [Consented to and] Accepted: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent By: -------------------------- Title: [Consented to:] SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC. By: -------------------------- Title: 130 ANNEX 1 TO ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (Dated November 8, 2005) STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION 1. Representations and Warranties. 1.1. Assignor. The Assignor (a) represents and warrants that (i) it is the legal and beneficial owner of the Assigned Interest, (ii) the Assigned Interest is free and clear of any lien, encumbrance or other adverse claim and (iii) it has full power and authority, and has taken all action necessary, to execute and deliver this Assignment and Assumption and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby; and (b) assumes no responsibility with respect to (i) any statements, warranties or representations made in or in connection with the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, (ii) the execution, legality, validity, enforceability, genuineness, sufficiency or value of the Loan Documents or any collateral thereunder, (iii) the financial condition of the Borrower, any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates or any other Person obligated in respect of any Loan Document or (iv) the performance or observance by the Borrower, any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates or any other Person of any of their respective obligations under any Loan Document. 1.2. Assignee. The Assignee (a) represents and warrants that (i) it has full power and authority, and has taken all action necessary, to execute and deliver this Assignment and Assumption and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and to become a Lender under the Credit Agreement, (ii) it meets all requirements of an Eligible Assignee under the Credit Agreement (subject to receipt of such consents as may be required under the Credit Agreement), (iii) from and after the Effective Date, it shall be bound by the provisions of the Credit Agreement as a Lender thereunder and, to the extent of the Assigned Interest, shall have the obligations of a Lender thereunder, (iv) it has received a copy of the Credit Agreement, together with copies of the most recent financial statements delivered pursuant to Section 6.01 thereof, as applicable, and such other documents and information as it has deemed appropriate to make its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Assignment and Assumption and to purchase the Assigned Interest on the basis of which it has made such analysis and decision independently and without reliance on the Administrative Agent or any other Lender, and (v) if it is a Foreign Lender, attached hereto is any documentation required to be delivered by it pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, duly completed and executed by the Assignee; and (b) agrees that (i) it will, independently and without reliance on the Administrative Agent, the Assignor or any other Lender, and based on such documents and information as it shall deem appropriate at the time, continue to make its own credit decisions in taking or not taking action under the Loan Documents, and (ii) it will perform in accordance with their terms all of the obligations which by the terms of the Loan Documents are required to be performed by it as a Lender. 2. Payments. From and after the Effective Date, the Administrative Agent shall make all payments in respect of the Assigned Interest (including payments of principal, interest, 131 fees and other amounts) to the Assignor for amounts which have accrued to but excluding the Effective Date and to the Assignee for amounts which have accrued from and after the Effective Date. 3. General Provisions. This Assignment and Assumption shall be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns. This Assignment and Assumption may be executed in any number of counterparts, which together shall constitute one instrument. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Assignment and Assumption by telecopy shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Assignment and Assumption. This Assignment and Assumption shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of the State of Washington. 132 EXHIBIT F AMENDED AND RESTATED CONTINUING GUARANTY This AMENDED AND RESTATED CONTINUING GUARANTY ("Guaranty") is entered into as of November 8, 2005, is made by MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT, INC., an Oregon corporation, GENERAL METALS OF TACOMA, INC., a Washington corporation, CASCADE STEEL ROLLING MILLS, INC., an Oregon corporation, NORPROP, INC., an Oregon corporation, JOINT VENTURE OPERATIONS, INC., a Delaware corporation, PROLERIDE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, INC., a Delaware corporation, PROLER STEEL, INC., a Delaware corporation, PROLER INTERNATIONAL CORP., a Delaware corporation, PNP COMMERCIAL ACQUISITION, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, PROLERIZED NEW ENGLAND COMPANY, a New York partnership, SCHNITZER GLOBAL EXCHANGE CORP., a Delaware corporation, GREENLEAF AUTO RECYCLERS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, PICK-N-PULL AUTO DISMANTLERS, a California general partnership, PICK AND PULL AUTO DISMANTLING, INC., a California corporation, REGIONAL RECYCLING, INC., an Oregon corporation, SCHNITZER SOUTHEAST, LLC, a Georgia limited liability company, TTS RECYCLING LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, SCHNITZER STEEL HAWAII CORP., a Delaware corporation, PICK-N-PULL AUTO DISMANTLERS, STOCKTON, LLC, a California limited liability company (including any additional guarantors becoming a party hereto as provided in Section 26 hereof, collectively, the "Guarantors" and individually, a "Guarantor"), in favor of the Lenders and the L/C Issuers (as such terms are defined in the Credit Agreement referred to below), any Affiliate of any Lender a party to a Specified Swap Contract (as defined below), and BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., a national banking association, as administrative agent for the Lenders and its successors as agent for the Lenders (in such capacity, and together with its successors as administrative agent for the Lenders, the "Administrative Agent"). RECITALS A. Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc., an Oregon corporation (the "Borrower"), Bank of America, N.A., a national banking association ("Bank of America"), Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, a national banking association ("Wells Fargo"), U.S. Bank National Association, a national banking association ("U.S. Bank"), The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd., a banking corporation organized under the laws of Japan ("BTM" and together with Bank of America, Wells Fargo and U.S. Bank, collectively, the "Existing Lenders") and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent for Existing Lenders (in such capacity, the "Existing Agent"), Swing Line Lender and an L/C Issuer, are parties to that certain Credit Agreement dated as of May 30, 2003 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified, the "Existing Credit Agreement") pursuant to which the Existing Lenders have made, or committed to make, revolving loans to the Borrower (collectively, the "Existing Loans"). B. In connection with the Prior Credit Agreement, Manufacturing Management, Inc., an Oregon corporation ("Manufacturing"), General Metals of Tacoma, Inc., a Washington corporation ("General Metals"), Cascade Steel Rolling Mills, Inc., an Oregon corporation ("Cascade"), Norprop, Inc., an Oregon corporation ("Norprop"), Joint Venture Operations, Inc., 133 a Delaware corporation ("JV Operations"), Proleride Transport Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Proleride"), Proler Steel, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Proler Steel"), Proler International Corp., a Delaware corporation ("Proler International" and together with Manufacturing, General Metals, Cascade, Norprop, JV Operations, Proleride and Proler Steel, the "Existing Guarantors") entered into that certain Continuing Guaranty dated as of May 30, 2003 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified, the "Existing Guaranty"), pursuant to which the Existing Guarantors guaranteed, among other things, the indebtedness, liabilities and obligations of the Borrower owing to Existing Lenders arising under the Existing Credit Agreement. C. Immediately prior to the execution and delivery of this Guaranty, the Existing Lenders, Citicorp USA, Inc., a Delaware corporation, First Hawaiian Bank, a Hawaii corporation, Comerica West Incorporated, a Delaware corporation, HSBC Bank USA, N.A., a national banking association, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., a national banking association, The Northern Trust Company, an Illinois banking corporation, PNC Bank, National Association, a national banking association (collectively, the "New Lenders"), and the Borrower entered into that certain Assignment and Assumption Agreement dated as of November 8, 2005, pursuant to which the Existing Lenders assigned and sold, and the New Lenders assumed and purchased a portion of the Existing Lenders' rights and obligations under the Existing Credit Agreement. D. The Borrower, the Lenders and the Administrative Agent are parties to that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of November 8, 2005 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified, the "Credit Agreement"), which Credit Agreement amended, restated and replaced the Existing Credit Agreement in its entirety. E. It is a condition precedent to each Lender's obligation to make its initial Credit Extension under the Credit Agreement that the Guarantors enter into this Guaranty. F. Each Guarantor as a direct or indirect wholly-owned Subsidiary of the Borrower will derive substantial and direct benefits (which benefits are hereby acknowledged by each Guarantor) from the Loans and the Letters of Credit and other benefits to be provided to the Borrower under the Credit Agreement. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and in order to induce the Lenders (including the Swing Line Lender) and the L/C Issuers to make Credit Extensions under the Credit Agreement, each Guarantor hereby agrees to amend and restate the Existing Guaranty in its entirety as follows: 1. DEFINITIONS. All capitalized terms used in this Guaranty and not otherwise defined herein have the meanings specified in the Credit Agreement. References to the Lenders or any Lender herein shall include the Swing Line Lender in its capacity as a Lender and as Swing Line Lender. 2. GUARANTY. Subject to the provisions of Section 3 below, each Guarantor hereby irrevocably, absolutely and unconditionally guarantees, jointly with the other Guarantors and severally, as a primary obligor and not merely as a surety, the full and punctual payment or performance when due, whether at stated maturity, by required prepayment, declaration, acceleration, demand or otherwise, and at all times thereafter, all of the following debts, 134 liabilities and obligations (collectively, the "Guaranteed Obligations"): (i) all advances to, and debts, liabilities, obligations, covenants and duties of, the Borrower owing to the Administrative Agent, each Lender and each L/C Issuer arising under the Credit Agreement and each other Loan Document or otherwise with respect to any Loan or Letter of Credit; (ii) all debts, liabilities, obligations, covenants and duties of, the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries owing to any Lender or any Affiliate of any Lender and arising under any Swap Contract made or entered into at any time, or in effect at any time, whether directly or indirectly, and whether as a result of assignment or transfer or otherwise, between any Lender or any Affiliate of a Lender and the Borrower or any Subsidiary of the Borrower and that is permitted by Section 7.03(d) of the Credit Agreement (a "Specified Swap Contract"), including liabilities and obligations arising in connection with or as a result of early termination of any such Swap Contract; and (iii) any and all fees, costs or out-of-pocket expenses (including Attorney Costs) incurred by the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer in enforcing any rights under the Loan Documents, in each case whether direct or indirect (including those acquired by assumption), absolute or contingent, due or to become due, now existing or hereafter arising and including interest and fees that accrue after the commencement by or against any Loan Party or any Affiliate thereof of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Laws naming such Person as the debtor in such proceeding, regardless of whether such interest and fees are allowed claims in such proceeding. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Guarantor's liability hereunder shall extend to all amounts that constitute part of the Guaranteed Obligations and would be owed by any Loan Party to the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer (or any Affiliate of a Lender in the case of a Specified Swap Contract) under the Loan Documents or a Specified Swap Contract but for the operation of the automatic stay under Section 362(a) of the Bankruptcy Code of the United States of America (Title 11, United States Code) (the "Bankruptcy Code") or the operation of Sections 502(b) and 506(b) of the Bankruptcy Code. 3. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. Anything contained in this Guaranty to the contrary notwithstanding, if any Fraudulent Transfer Law (as hereinafter defined) is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be applicable to the obligations of any Guarantor under this Guaranty, the obligations of such Guarantor hereunder shall be limited to a maximum aggregate amount equal to the largest amount that would not render its obligations hereunder subject to avoidance as a fraudulent transfer or conveyance under Section 548 of the Bankruptcy Code or any applicable provisions of comparable state law (collectively, the "Fraudulent Transfer Laws"), in each case after giving effect to all other liabilities of such Guarantor, contingent or otherwise, that are relevant under the Fraudulent Transfer Laws (specifically excluding, however, any liabilities of such Guarantor in respect of intercompany indebtedness to the Borrower or other Affiliates of the Borrower to the extent that such indebtedness would be discharged in an amount equal to the amount paid by such Guarantor hereunder) and after giving effect as assets to the value (as determined under the applicable provisions of the Fraudulent Transfer Laws) of any rights to subrogation, reimbursement, indemnification or contribution of such Guarantor pursuant to applicable Law or pursuant to the terms of any agreement. 4. LIABILITY OF GUARANTORS ABSOLUTE. Each Guarantor agrees that its obligations hereunder are irrevocable, absolute, independent and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance which constitutes a legal or equitable discharge of a guarantor or surety other than payment in full of the Guaranteed Obligations. In furtherance of the foregoing and without limiting the generality thereof, each Guarantor agrees as follows: 135 (a) This Guaranty constitutes a guaranty of payment and performance when due and not of collection. (b) The Administrative Agent acting for itself, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers may enforce this Guaranty upon the occurrence of an Event of Default under the Loan Documents notwithstanding the existence of any dispute between the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer with respect to the existence of such Event of Default. (c) The obligations of each Guarantor hereunder are independent of the obligations of the Borrower under the Loan Documents and the obligations of any other guarantor of the obligations of the Borrower under the Loan Documents, and a separate action or actions may be brought and prosecuted against each Guarantor to enforce this Guaranty, irrespective of whether any action is brought against the Borrower or any other Loan Party or whether the Borrower or any other Loan Party is joined in any such action or actions. (d) Payment by the Guarantors of a portion, but not all, of the Guaranteed Obligations shall in no way limit, affect, modify or abridge any Guarantor's liability for any portion of the Guaranteed Obligations which has not been paid. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, if the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer (or any Affiliate of a Lender in the case of a Specified Swap Contract) is awarded a judgment in any suit brought to enforce any Guarantor's covenant to pay a portion of the Guaranteed Obligations, such judgment shall not be deemed to release any Guarantor from its covenant to pay the portion of the Guaranteed Obligations that is not the subject of such suit. (e) The Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers (or any Affiliate of a Lender in the case of a Specified Swap Contract) upon such terms as they deem appropriate, without notice or demand and without affecting the validity or enforceability of this Guaranty or giving rise to any reduction, limitation, impairment, discharge or termination of any Guarantor's liability hereunder, from time to time may (i) renew, extend, accelerate, increase the rate of interest on, or otherwise change the time, place, manner or terms of payment of the Guaranteed Obligations, (ii) settle, compromise, release or discharge, or accept or refuse any offer of performance with respect to, or substitutions for, the Guaranteed Obligations or any agreement relating thereto and/or subordinate the payment of the same to the payment of any other obligations, (iii) request and accept other guaranties of the Guaranteed Obligations, (iv) release, surrender, exchange, substitute, compromise, settle, rescind, waive, alter, subordinate or modify, with or without consideration, any other guaranties of the Guaranteed Obligations, or any other obligation of any Person (including any other Guarantor) with respect to the Guaranteed Obligations and (v) exercise any other rights available to them under the Loan Documents. (f) This Guaranty and the obligations of each Guarantor hereunder shall be valid and enforceable and shall not be subject to any reduction, limitation, impairment, discharge or termination for any reason (other than payment in full of the Guaranteed Obligations), including the occurrence of any of the following, whether or not such Guarantor shall have had notice or knowledge of any of them: (i) any failure or omission to assert or enforce an agreement or election not to assert or enforce, or the stay or enjoining, by order of court, by operation of law or otherwise, of the exercise or enforcement of, any claim or demand or any right, power or remedy (whether arising at law, in equity or otherwise) with respect to the Guaranteed Obligations or any 136 agreement relating thereto, or with respect to any other guaranty of the payment of the Guaranteed Obligations; (ii) any rescission, waiver, amendment or modification of, or any consent to departure from, any of the terms or provisions (including provisions relating to events of default) of the Loan Documents or any agreement or instrument executed pursuant thereto, or of any other guaranty for the Guaranteed Obligations, in each case whether or not in accordance with the terms of the Loan Documents or any agreement relating to such other guaranty; (iii) the Guaranteed Obligations, or any agreement relating thereto, at any time being found to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable in any respect; (iv) the application of payments received from any source to the payment of indebtedness of the Borrower other than the Guaranteed Obligations, even though the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer (or any Affiliate of a Lender in the case of a Specified Swap Contract) might have elected to apply such payment to any part or all of the Guaranteed Obligations; (v) the Administrative Agent's, any Lender's or any L/C Issuer's (or any Affiliate of a Lender in the case of a Specified Swap Contract) consent to the change, reorganization or termination of the corporate structure or existence of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries and to any corresponding restructuring of the Guaranteed Obligations; (vi) any defenses, set-offs or counterclaims which the Borrower may allege or assert against the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer (or any Affiliate of a Lender in the case of a Specified Swap Contract) in respect of the Guaranteed Obligations, including failure of consideration, breach of warranty, payment, statute of frauds, statute of limitations, accord and satisfaction and usury; and (vii) any other act or thing or omission, or delay to do any other act or thing, which may or might in any manner or to any extent vary the risk of any Guarantor as an obligor in respect of the Guaranteed Obligations. 5. WAIVERS BY GUARANTORS. Each Guarantor hereby waives, for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, each Lender and each L/C Issuer: (a) any right to require the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer, as a condition of payment or performance by any Guarantor, to (i) proceed against the Borrower, any other guarantor of the Guaranteed Obligations or any other Person, (ii) proceed against or have resort to any balance of any deposit account or credit on the books of the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer in favor of the Borrower or any other Person, or (iii) pursue any other remedy in the power of the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer whatsoever; (b) any defense arising by reason of the incapacity, lack of authority or any disability or other defense of the Borrower including any defense based on or arising out of the lack of validity or the unenforceability of the Guaranteed Obligations or any agreement or instrument relating thereto or by reason of the cessation of the liability of the Borrower from any cause other than payment in full of the Guaranteed Obligations; (c) any defense based upon any statute or rule of law which provides that the obligation of a surety must be neither larger in amount nor in other respects more burdensome than that of the principal; (d) any defense based upon the Administrative Agent's, any Lender's or any L/C Issuer's errors or omissions in the administration of the Guaranteed Obligations, except behavior which amounts to bad faith; 137 (e) (i) any principles or provisions of law, statutory or otherwise, which are or might be in conflict with the terms of this Guaranty and any legal or equitable discharge of any Guarantor's obligations hereunder, (ii) the benefit of any statute of limitations affecting any Guarantor's liability hereunder or the enforcement hereof, and (iii) any rights to set-offs, recoupments and counterclaims; (f) notices, demands, presentments, protests, notices of protest, notices of dishonor and notices of any action or inaction, including acceptance of this Guaranty, notices of default under the Loan Documents or any agreement or instrument related thereto, notices of any renewal, extension or modification of the Guaranteed Obligations or any agreement related thereto, notices of any extension of credit to the Borrower and notices of any of the matters referred to in Section 4 above and any right to consent to any thereof; and (g) any defenses or benefits that may be derived from or afforded by law which limit the liability of or exonerate guarantors or sureties, or which may conflict with the terms of this Guaranty. 6. GUARANTOR'S RIGHTS OF SUBROGATION, CONTRIBUTION, ETC. Until all of the Guaranteed Obligations shall have been finally and indefeasibly paid and performed in full, the Aggregate Commitments have been terminated, all Letters of Credit issued or deemed issued pursuant to the Credit Agreement have been surrendered and all Specified Swap Contracts have been terminated, each Guarantor waives any claim, right or remedy, direct or indirect, that such Guarantor now has or may hereafter have against the Borrower or any of its assets in connection with this Guaranty or the performance by such Guarantor of its obligations hereunder, in each case whether such claim, right or remedy arises in equity, under contract, by statute, under common law or otherwise and including (a) any right of subrogation, reimbursement or indemnification that such Guarantor now has or may hereafter have against the Borrower, and (b) any right to enforce, or to participate in, any claim, right or remedy that the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer now has or may hereafter have against the Borrower. In addition, until all of the Guaranteed Obligations shall have been finally and indefeasibly paid and performed in full, the Aggregate Commitments have been terminated, all Letters of Credit issued or deemed issued pursuant to the Credit Agreement have been surrendered and all Specified Swap Contracts have been terminated, each Guarantor shall withhold exercise of any right of contribution such Guarantor may have against any other guarantor of the Guaranteed Obligations. Each Guarantor further agrees that, to the extent the waiver or agreement to withhold the exercise of its rights of subrogation, reimbursement, indemnification and contribution as set forth herein is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be void or voidable for any reason, any rights of subrogation, reimbursement or indemnification such Guarantor may have against the Borrower, and any rights of contribution such Guarantor may have against any such other guarantor (including any Guarantor), shall be junior and subordinate to any rights the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers may have against the Borrower, and to any right the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer may have against such other guarantor (including any Guarantor). If any amount shall be paid to a Guarantor on account of any such subrogation, reimbursement, indemnification or contribution rights at any time when the Guaranteed Obligations shall not have been finally and indefeasibly paid and performed in full, the Aggregate Commitments shall not have been terminated, all Letters of Credit issued or deemed issued pursuant to the Credit Agreement shall not have been 138 surrendered and all Specified Swap Contracts shall not have been terminated, such amount shall be held in trust for the Administrative Agent and shall forthwith be paid over to the Administrative Agent to be applied against the Guaranteed Obligations, whether matured or unmatured, in accordance with the terms hereof. 7. SUBORDINATION OF OTHER OBLIGATIONS. Any debts, liabilities and obligations of the Borrower now or hereafter held by any Guarantor is hereby subordinated in right of payment to the Guaranteed Obligations, and any such debts, liabilities and obligations of the Borrower to any Guarantor collected or received by such Guarantor after an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing shall be held in trust for the Administrative Agent and shall forthwith be paid over to the Administrative Agent to be applied against the Guaranteed Obligations but without affecting, impairing or limiting in any manner the liability of any Guarantor under any other provision of this Guaranty. 8. CONTINUING GUARANTY. This Guaranty is a continuing guaranty and shall remain in effect until all of the Guaranteed Obligations shall have been finally and indefeasibly paid and performed in full (other than contingent indemnification obligations), the Aggregate Commitments have been terminated, all Letters of Credit issued or deemed issued pursuant to the Credit Agreement have expired or been terminated and all Specified Swap Contracts have been terminated; provided, however, that the obligations of the Guarantors under Sections 13 and 20 shall survive any termination of this Guaranty. Each Guarantor hereby irrevocably waives any right to revoke this Guaranty as to future transactions giving rise to any Guaranteed Obligations. 9. AUTHORITY OF BORROWER AND GUARANTORS. It is not necessary for the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer to inquire into the powers of the Borrower or any other Loan Party or of the officers, directors, members, partners or agents acting or purporting to act on their behalf, and any Guaranteed Obligations made or created in reliance upon the professed exercise of such powers shall be guaranteed hereunder. 10. INFORMATION. Loans may be made or continued and Letters of Credit may be issued, amended or extended by the Lenders and the L/C Issuers, as applicable, to or for the account of the Borrower from time to time under the Credit Agreement and related Loan Documents without notice to or authorization from any Guarantor regardless of the financial or other condition of the Borrower at the time of any such extension of credit. Neither the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer shall have any obligation to disclose or discuss with any Guarantor its assessment, or such Guarantor's assessment, of the financial condition of the Borrower. Each Guarantor has adequate means to obtain information from the Borrower on a continuing basis concerning the financial condition of the Borrower and its ability to perform its obligations under the Loan Documents, and each Guarantor assumes the responsibility for being and keeping informed of the financial condition of the Borrower and of all circumstances bearing upon the risk of nonpayment of the Guaranteed Obligations. Each Guarantor hereby waives and relinquishes any duty on the part of the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer to disclose any matter, fact or thing relating to the business, operations or conditions of the Borrower now known or hereafter known by the Administrative Agent, such Lender or such L/C Issuer. 139 11. RIGHT OF SETOFF. If an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, each Lender, each L/C Issuer and each Affiliate of a Lender a party to a Specified Swap Contract is hereby authorized at any time and from time to time, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Laws, to set off and apply any and all deposits (general or special, time or demand, provisional or final, in whatever currency) at any time held and other obligations (in whatever currency) at any time owing by such Lender, such L/C Issuer or any such Affiliate to or for the credit or the account of any Guarantor against any and all of the obligations of such Guarantor now or hereafter existing under this Guaranty or any other Loan Document to such Lender or such L/C Issuer, irrespective of whether or not such Lender or such L/C Issuer shall have made any demand under this Guaranty or any other Loan Document and although such obligations of such Guarantor may be contingent or unmatured or are owed to a branch or office of such Lender or such L/C Issuer different from the branch or office holding such deposit or obligated on such indebtedness. The rights of each Lender, each L/C Issuer and their respective Affiliates under this Section are in addition to other rights and remedies (including other rights of setoff) that such Lender, such L/C Issuer or their respective Affiliates may have. Each Lender and each L/C Issuer agrees to notify the applicable Guarantor and the Administrative Agent promptly after any such setoff and application; provided that the failure to give such notice shall not affect the validity of such setoff and application. 12. BANKRUPTCY; POST-PETITION INTEREST; REINSTATEMENT OF GUARANTY. (a) So long as the Guaranteed Obligations shall not have been finally and indefeasibly paid and performed in full, the Aggregate Commitments shall not have expired or been terminated, all Letters of Credit issued or deemed issued pursuant to the Credit Agreement shall not have expired or been terminated and all Specified Swap Contracts shall not have expired or been terminated, no Guarantor shall, without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreement, commence or join with any other Person in commencing any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law against the Borrower. The obligations of the Guarantors under this Guaranty shall not be reduced, limited, impaired, discharged, deferred, suspended or terminated by any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Laws naming the Borrower as the debtor or by any defense which the Borrower may have by reason of the order, decree or decision of any court or administrative body resulting from any such proceeding. (b) Each Guarantor acknowledges and agrees that any interest on any portion of the Guaranteed Obligations which accrues after the commencement of any proceeding referred to in clause (a) above (or, if interest on any portion of the Guaranteed Obligations ceases to accrue by operation of law by reason of the commencement of said proceeding, such interest as would have accrued on such portion of the Guaranteed Obligations if said proceedings had not been commenced) shall be included in the Guaranteed Obligations because it is the intention of each Guarantor, the Administrative Agent, each Lender and each L/C Issuer that the Guaranteed Obligations which are Guaranteed by the Guarantors pursuant to this Guaranty should be determined without regard to any rule of law or order which may relieve the Borrower of any portion of such Guaranteed Obligations. Each Guarantor will permit any trustee in any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law or similar person to pay the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers, or allow the claims of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the 140 L/C Issuers (or any Affiliate of a Lender in the case of a Specified Swap Contract) in respect of, any such interest accruing after the date on which such proceeding is commenced. (c) In the event that all or any portion of the Guaranteed Obligations are paid by the Borrower or by any other guarantor (including any Guarantor), the obligations of each Guarantor hereunder shall continue and remain in full force and effect or be reinstated, as the case may be, in the event that all or any part of such payment(s) are rescinded or recovered directly or indirectly from the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer (or any Affiliate of a Lender in the case of a Specified Swap Contract) as a preference, fraudulent transfer or otherwise, and any such payments which are so rescinded or recovered shall constitute Guaranteed Obligations for all purposes under this Guaranty. 13. TAXES. (a) Any and all payments by or on account of any obligation of the respective Guarantors hereunder or under any other Loan Document shall be made free and clear of and without reduction or withholding for any Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes, provided that if the applicable Guarantor shall be required by applicable Laws to deduct any Indemnified Taxes (including any Other Taxes) from such payments, then (i) the sum payable shall be increased as necessary so that after making all required deductions (including deductions applicable to additional sums payable under this Section) the Administrative Agent, Lender or L/C Issuer, as the case may be, receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such deductions been made, (ii) such Guarantor shall make such deductions and (iii) such Guarantor shall timely pay the full amount deducted to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable Laws. (b) Without limiting the provisions of subsection (a) above, each Guarantor shall timely pay any Other Taxes to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable Laws. (c) Each Guarantor shall indemnify the Administrative Agent, each Lender and each L/C Issuer, within 30 days after demand therefor, for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes (including Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under this Section) paid by the Administrative Agent, such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, and any penalties, interest and reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to a Guarantor by a Lender or an L/C Issuer (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), or by the Administrative Agent on its own behalf or on behalf of a Lender or an L/C Issuer, shall be conclusive absent manifest error. (d) As soon as practicable after any payment of Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes by any Guarantor to a Governmental Authority, such Guarantor shall deliver to the Administrative Agent the original or a certified copy of a receipt issued by such Governmental Authority evidencing such payment, a copy of the return reporting such payment or other evidence of such payment reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. 141 (e) If the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer determines, in its sole discretion, that it has received a refund of any Taxes or Other Taxes as to which it has been indemnified by any Guarantor or with respect to which any Guarantor has paid additional amounts pursuant to this Section, it shall pay to such Guarantor an amount equal to such refund (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made, or additional amounts paid, by such Guarantor under this Section with respect to the Taxes or Other Taxes giving rise to such refund), net of all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses of the Administrative Agent, such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Governmental Authority with respect to such refund), provided that each Guarantor, upon the request of the Administrative Agent, such Lender or such L/C Issuer, agrees to repay the amount paid over to such Guarantor (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Governmental Authority) to the Administrative Agent, such Lender or such L/C Issuer in the event the Administrative Agent, such Lender or such L/C Issuer is required to repay such refund to such Governmental Authority. This subsection shall not be construed to require the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer to make available its tax returns (or any other information relating to its taxes that it deems confidential) to any Guarantor or any other Person. 14. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. Each Guarantor represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that: (a) Existence, Qualification and Power; Compliance with Laws. Such Guarantor (i) is duly organized or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, (ii) has all requisite power and authority and all governmental licenses, authorizations, consents and approvals to own or lease its assets, carry on its business and to execute, deliver, and perform its obligations under this Guaranty and each other Loan Document to which it is a party, (iii) is duly qualified and is licensed and in good standing under the Laws of each jurisdiction where its ownership, lease or operation of properties or the conduct of its business requires such qualification or license, and (iv) is in compliance with all Laws, except in each case referred to in clause (iii) or this clause (iv), to the extent that failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. (b) Authorization; No Contravention. The execution, delivery and performance by such Guarantor of this Guaranty and each other Loan Document to which it is a party, have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or other organizational action, and do not and will not (i) contravene the terms of any of such Guarantor's Organization Documents; (ii) conflict with or result in any breach or contravention of, or the creation of any Lien under, or require any payment to be made under (A) any Contractual Obligation to which such Person is a party or affecting such Person or the properties of such Person or any of its Subsidiaries or (B) any order, injunction, writ or decree of any Governmental Authority or any arbitral award to which such Person or its property is subject; or (iii) violate any Law. Each Guarantor is in compliance with all Contractual Obligations referred to in clause (ii)(B), except to the extent that failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. (c) Governmental Authorization; Other Consents. No approval, consent, exemption, authorization, or other action by, or notice to, or filing with, any Governmental Authority or any other Person is necessary or required in connection with the execution, delivery or performance 142 by, or enforcement against, any Guarantor of this Guaranty or any other Loan Document to which it is a party. (d) Binding Effect. This Guaranty has been, and each other Loan Document to which it is a party, when delivered, will have been, duly executed and delivered by such Guarantor. This Guaranty constitutes, and each such other Loan Document when so delivered will constitute, a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Guarantor, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other Laws affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights generally. (e) Solvency. Each Guarantor is Solvent and shall be Solvent immediately after the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Guaranty. (f) Investment Company Act; Public Utility Holding Company Act. None of the Guarantors, any Person controlling any Guarantor, or any Subsidiary of any Guarantor (i) is a "holding company," or a "subsidiary company" of a "holding company," or an "affiliate" of a "holding company" or of a "subsidiary company" of a "holding company," within the meaning of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, or (ii) is or is required to be registered as an "investment company" under the Investment Company Act of 1940. 15. PAYMENT BY GUARANTORS; APPLICATION OF PAYMENTS. In furtherance of the foregoing and not in limitation of any other right that the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer has at law or in equity against any Guarantor by virtue hereof, upon the failure of the Borrower to pay any Guaranteed Obligation when and as the same shall become due, whether at stated maturity, by required prepayment, declaration, acceleration, demand or otherwise (including amounts that would become due but for the operation of the automatic stay under Section 362(a) of the Bankruptcy Code), each Guarantor hereby promises to and will forthwith pay, or cause to be paid, to the Administrative Agent, the Lenders or the L/C Issuers (or any Affiliate of a Lender in the case of a Specified Swap Contract) as designated thereby, in cash such Guaranteed Obligation. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all payments by any Guarantor hereunder shall be made to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the Lenders or the applicable L/C Issuer at the Administrative Agent's Payment Office in Dollars. Payments received from any Guarantor shall, unless otherwise expressly provided herein, be applied: First, to payment of any fees, costs or out-of-pocket expenses (including Attorney Costs) incurred by the Administrative Agent in connection with the exercise, enforcement or protection of any of the rights of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers under this Guaranty; and Second, to payment in full of the Guaranteed Obligations (to the extent not included in clause First above) in accordance with Section 8.03 of the Credit Agreement. The Administrative Agent shall have absolute discretion as to the time of application of any payments received from any Guarantor. 143 16. ASSIGNMENTS, PARTICIPATIONS, CONFIDENTIALITY. Any Lender and any L/C Issuer may from time to time, without notice to any Guarantor and without affecting any Guarantor's obligations hereunder, transfer its interest in the Guaranteed Obligations to Participants and Eligible Assignees as provided in the Credit Agreement. Each Guarantor agrees that each such transfer will give rise to a direct obligation of such Guarantor to each such Participant and Eligible Assignee and that each such Participant and Eligible Assignee shall have the same rights and benefits under this Guaranty as it would have if it were a Lender or L/C Issuer, as the case may be, a party to the Credit Agreement and this Guaranty. Each Guarantor, the Administrative Agent, each Lender and each L/C Issuer agree that the provisions of Section 10.07 of the Credit Agreement shall apply to all information provided to the Administrative Agent, a Lender or an L/C Issuer by any Guarantor under this Guaranty or any other Loan Document to which such Guarantor is a party, other than any such information that is available to the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer on a nonconfidential basis prior to disclosure by such Guarantor; provided that, in the case of information received from a Guarantor after the date hereof, such information is clearly identified in writing at the time of delivery as confidential. 17. LOAN DOCUMENT. This Guaranty is a Loan Document executed and delivered pursuant to the Credit Agreement and shall (unless otherwise expressly indicated herein) be construed, administered and applied in accordance with the terms and provisions thereof. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the rules of construction and interpretation specified in Section 1.02 of the Credit Agreement also apply to this Guaranty and are incorporated herein by this reference. 18. NOTICES. All notices and other communications provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or overnight courier service, mailed by certified or registered mail or sent by telecopier (a) in the case of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers, to the address or telecopier number specified for notices in Section 10.02 of the Credit Agreement and (b) in the case of the Guarantors, to the address or telecopier number specified below: c/o Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. 3200 NW Yeon Avenue P.O. Box 10047 Portland, Oregon 97296 Attention: General Counsel Telephone: (503) 224-9900 Telecopier: (503) 299-2277 Notices sent by hand or overnight courier service, or mailed by certified or registered mail, shall be deemed to have been given when received; notices sent by telecopier shall be deemed to have been given when sent (except that, if not given during normal business hours for the recipient, shall be deemed to have been given at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient). 19. NO WAIVER; CUMULATIVE REMEDIES. No failure by the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer to exercise, and no delay in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of 144 any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege. No waiver of any single breach or default under this Guaranty shall be deemed a waiver of any other breach or default. The rights, remedies, powers and privileges herein provided are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, remedies, powers and privileges that may otherwise be available to the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers. Any single or partial exercise of any right or remedy shall not preclude the further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or remedy. No notice or demand on any Guarantor in any case shall entitle such Guarantor or any other Guarantor to any other or further notice or demand in similar or other circumstances. 20. COSTS AND EXPENSES. Each Guarantor, jointly with the other Guarantors and severally, agrees to pay or reimburse the Administrative Agent, each Lender and each L/C Issuer within five Business Days after demand for any and all reasonable fees, costs or out-of-pocket expenses (including Attorney Costs) incurred by them in connection with the exercise, enforcement or protection of any of the rights of the Administrative Agent under this Guaranty (including all such costs and expenses incurred during any "workout" or restructuring in respect of the Guaranteed Obligations and during any legal proceeding, including any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law). 21. GOVERNING LAW; JURISDICTION; ETC. (a) GOVERNING LAW. THIS GUARANTY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. (b) SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION. EACH GUARANTOR IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY SUBMITS, FOR ITSELF AND ITS PROPERTY, TO THE NONEXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON SITTING IN KING COUNTY AND OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT OF THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON, AND ANY APPELLATE COURT FROM ANY THEREOF, IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS GUARANTY OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT, OR FOR RECOGNITION OR ENFORCEMENT OF ANY JUDGMENT, AND EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY AGREES THAT ALL CLAIMS IN RESPECT OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING MAY BE HEARD AND DETERMINED IN SUCH WASHINGTON STATE COURT OR, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN SUCH FEDERAL COURT. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS BY SUIT ON THE JUDGMENT OR IN ANY OTHER MANNER PROVIDED BY LAW. NOTHING IN THIS GUARANTY OR IN ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT SHALL AFFECT ANY RIGHT THAT THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, ANY LENDER OR ANY L/C ISSUER MAY OTHERWISE HAVE TO BRING ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS GUARANTY OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT AGAINST ANY GUARANTOR OR ITS PROPERTIES IN THE COURTS OF ANY JURISDICTION. (c) WAIVER OF VENUE. EACH GUARANTOR IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY 145 APPLICABLE LAW, ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OF ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS GUARANTY OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT IN ANY COURT REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH (B) OF THIS SECTION. EACH GUARANTOR IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE DEFENSE OF AN INCONVENIENT FORUM TO THE MAINTENANCE OF SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN ANY SUCH COURT. (d) SERVICE OF PROCESS. EACH GUARANTOR IRREVOCABLY CONSENTS TO SERVICE OF PROCESS IN THE MANNER PROVIDED FOR NOTICES IN SECTION 18. NOTHING IN THIS GUARANTY WILL AFFECT THE RIGHT OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, ANY LENDER OR ANY L/C ISSUER TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY OTHER MANNER PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. 22. WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH GUARANTOR IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS GUARANTY OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PERSON HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PERSON WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS GUARANTY AND THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION. 23. USA PATRIOT ACT NOTICE. Each Lender that is subject to the Act (as hereinafter defined) and the Administrative Agent (for itself and not on behalf of any Lender) hereby notifies the Guarantors that pursuant to the requirements of the USA Patriot Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)) (the "Act"), it is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies the Guarantors, which information includes the name and address of each Guarantor and other information that will allow such Lender or the Administrative Agent, as applicable, to identify such Guarantor in accordance with the Act. 24. AMENDMENTS, ETC. No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Guaranty, and no consent to any departure by any Guarantor therefrom, shall be effective unless in writing signed by the Administrative Agent and such Guarantor, subject to any consent required in accordance with Section 10.01 of the Credit Agreement, and each such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the making of a Loan or issuance of a Letter of Credit under the Credit Agreement shall not be construed as a waiver of any Default or Event of Default under the Credit Agreement. 146 25 COUNTERPARTS; INTEGRATION; EFFECTIVENESS. This Guaranty may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. This Guaranty and the other Loan Documents constitute the entire contract among the parties relating to the subject matter hereof and supersede any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof. This Guaranty shall become effective when the Administrative Agent shall have received counterparts hereof that, when taken together, bear the signatures of each of the other parties hereto. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Guaranty by telecopy shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Guaranty. 26. ADDITIONAL GUARANTORS. Pursuant to Section 6.12 of the Credit Agreement, each Domestic Subsidiary that becomes a Material Subsidiary and each Subsidiary designated a Designated Subsidiary is required to become a party to this Guaranty as a Guarantor upon becoming a Material Subsidiary or a Designated Subsidiary, as applicable. Upon the execution and delivery by such Material Subsidiary or a Designated Subsidiary of an instrument in the form of Annex 1 hereto and acceptance thereof by the Administrative Agent, such Material Subsidiary or Designated Subsidiary shall become a Guarantor hereunder with the same force and effect as if originally named as a Guarantor herein. The execution and delivery of any such instrument shall not require the consent of any other Guarantor hereunder. The rights and obligations of each Guarantor hereunder shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding the addition of any new Guarantor as a party to this Guaranty. 27. SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Guaranty is held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable, (a) the legality, validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Guaranty shall not be affected or impaired thereby and (b) the parties shall endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provisions. The invalidity of a provision in a particular jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. 28. NO INCONSISTENT REQUIREMENTS. Each Guarantor acknowledges that this Guaranty and the other Loan Documents may contain covenants and other terms and provisions variously stated regarding the same or similar matters, and agrees that all such covenants, terms and provisions are cumulative and all shall be performed and satisfied in accordance with their respective terms. 29. JUDGMENT CURRENCY. If, for the purposes of obtaining judgment in any court, it is necessary to convert a sum due hereunder or any other Loan Document in one currency into another currency, the rate of exchange used shall be that at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Administrative Agent could purchase the first currency with such other currency on the Business Day preceding that on which final judgment is given. The obligation of each Guarantor in respect of any such sum due from it to the Administrative Agent or the Lenders hereunder or under the other Loan Documents shall, notwithstanding any judgment in a currency (the "Judgment Currency") other than that in which such sum is denominated in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Guaranty (the "Agreement Currency"), be discharged only to the extent that on the Business Day following receipt by the Administrative 147 Agent of any sum adjudged to be so due in the Judgment Currency, the Administrative Agent may in accordance with normal banking procedures purchase the Agreement Currency with the Judgment Currency. If the amount of the Agreement Currency so purchased is less than the sum originally due to the Administrative Agent from any Guarantor in the Agreement Currency, such Guarantor agrees, as a separate obligation and notwithstanding any such judgment, to indemnify the Administrative Agent or the Person to whom such obligation was owing against such loss. If the amount of the Agreement Currency so purchased is greater than the sum originally due to the Administrative Agent in such currency, the Administrative Agent agrees to return the amount of any excess to such Guarantor (or to any other Person who may be entitled thereto under applicable Laws). 30. ORAL AGREEMENTS. ORAL AGREEMENTS OR ORAL COMMITMENTS TO LOAN MONEY, EXTEND CREDIT OR TO FORBEAR FROM ENFORCING REPAYMENT OF A DEBT ARE NOT ENFORCEABLE UNDER WASHINGTON LAW. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Guarantor has executed this Guaranty by its duly authorized officer as of the day and year first above written. MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- GENERAL METALS OF TACOMA, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- CASCADE STEEL ROLLING MILLS, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- 148 NORPROP, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- JOINT VENTURE OPERATIONS, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- PROLERIDE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- PROLER STEEL, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- PROLER INTERNATIONAL CORP. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- 149 PNP COMMERCIAL ACQUISITION, LLC By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- PROLERIZED NEW ENGLAND COMPANY By: Joint Venture Operations, Inc. Its: General Partner By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- SCHNITZER GLOBAL EXCHANGE CORP. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- GREENLEAF AUTO RECYCLERS, LLC By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- PICK-N-PULL AUTO DISMANTLERS By: Norprop, Inc. Its: General Partner By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- 150 PICK AND PULL AUTO DISMANTLING, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- REGIONAL RECYCLING, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- SCHNITZER SOUTHEAST, LLC By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- TTS RECYCLING LLC By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- SCHNITZER STEEL HAWAII CORP. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- 151 PICK-N-PULL AUTO DISMANTLERS, STOCKTON, LLC By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- Accepted: - --------- BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent By: ------------------------------ Name: ------------------------------ Title: ------------------------------ 152 ANNEX 1 SUPPLEMENT SUPPLEMENT NO. ____ dated as of __________________, to the Amended and Restated Continuing Guaranty dated as of November 8, 2005, (the "Guaranty") made by MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT, INC., an Oregon corporation, GENERAL METALS OF TACOMA, INC., a Washington corporation, CASCADE STEEL ROLLING MILLS, INC., an Oregon corporation, NORPROP, INC., an Oregon corporation, JOINT VENTURE OPERATIONS, INC., a Delaware corporation, PROLERIDE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, INC., a Delaware corporation, PROLER STEEL, INC., a Delaware corporation, PROLER INTERNATIONAL CORP., a Delaware corporation, PNP COMMERCIAL ACQUISITION, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, PROLERIZED NEW ENGLAND COMPANY, a New York partnership, SCHNITZER GLOBAL EXCHANGE CORP., a Delaware corporation, GREENLEAF AUTO RECYCLERS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, PICK-N-PULL AUTO DISMANTLERS, a California general partnership, PICK AND PULL AUTO DISMANTLING, INC., a California corporation, REGIONAL RECYCLING, INC., an Oregon corporation, SCHNITZER SOUTHEAST, LLC, a Georgia limited liability company, TTS RECYCLING LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, SCHNITZER STEEL HAWAII CORP., a Delaware corporation, PICK-N-PULL AUTO DISMANTLERS, STOCKTON, LLC, a California limited liability company (including any additional guarantors becoming a party hereto as provided in Section 26 thereof, collectively, the "Guarantors" and individually, a "Guarantor"), in favor of the Lenders and the L/C Issuers (as such terms are defined in the Credit Agreement referred to below), any Affiliate of any Lender a party to a Specified Swap Contract (as defined below), and BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., a national banking association, as administrative agent for the Lenders and its successors as agent for the Lenders (in such capacity, and together with its successors as administrative agent for the Lenders, the "Administrative Agent"). RECITALS A. Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc., an Oregon corporation (the "Borrower") is a party to that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of November 8, 2005 by and among the Borrower, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., a national banking association, as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and an L/C Issuer (as amended, restated, modified, renewed, supplemented or extended from time to time, the "Credit Agreement"). B. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Guaranty. C. The Guarantors have entered into the Guaranty in order to induce the Lenders (including the Swing Line Lender) and the L/C Issuers to make Credit Extensions under the Credit Agreement, and pursuant to Section 6.12 of the Credit Agreement, each Domestic Subsidiary that becomes a Material Subsidiary and each Subsidiary designated a Designated Subsidiary is required to enter into the Guaranty as a Guarantor upon becoming a Material Subsidiary or a Designated Subsidiary, as applicable. 153 D. The undersigned Subsidiary (the "New Guarantor") is executing this Supplement in accordance with the requirements of the Credit Agreement to become a Guarantor under the Guaranty in consideration for the Lenders (including the Swing Line Lender) and the L/C Issuers to make Credit Extensions under the Credit Agreement. Accordingly, the New Guarantor agrees as follows: 1. In accordance with Section 26 of the Guaranty, the New Guarantor by its signature below becomes a Guarantor under the Guaranty with the same force and effect as if originally named therein as a Guarantor and the New Guarantor hereby (a) agrees to all the terms and provisions of the Guaranty applicable to it as a Guarantor thereunder and (b) represents and warrants that the representations and warranties made by it as a Guarantor thereunder are true and correct on and as of the date hereof. Each reference to a "Guarantor" in the Guaranty shall be deemed to include the New Guarantor. The Guaranty is hereby incorporated herein by reference. 2. The New Guarantor represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers that this Supplement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by it and constitutes its legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other Laws affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights generally. 3. This Supplement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. This Supplement shall become effective when the Administrative Agent shall have received counterparts hereof that, when taken together, bear the signatures of each of the other parties hereto. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Supplement by telecopy shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Supplement. 4. Except as expressly supplemented hereby, the Guaranty shall remain in full force and effect. 5. THIS SUPPLEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 6. Any provision of this Supplement that is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions thereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. 7. All communications and notices hereunder shall be in writing and given as provided in Section 18 of the Guaranty. All communications and notices hereunder to the New Guarantor shall be given to it at the address set forth under its signature below. 154 8. The New Guarantor agrees to reimburse the Administrative Agent for its out-of-pocket expenses (including Attorney Costs) incurred in connection with this Supplement. 9. ORAL AGREEMENTS OR ORAL COMMITMENTS TO LOAN MONEY, EXTEND CREDIT OR TO FORBEAR FROM ENFORCING REPAYMENT OF A DEBT ARE NOT ENFORCEABLE UNDER WASHINGTON LAW. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the New Guarantor has executed this Supplement by its duly authorized officer as of the day and year first above written. [NEW GUARANTOR] By: --------------------------- Name: --------------------------- Title: --------------------------- Address: --------------------------- Accepted: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent By: ----------------------- Name: ----------------------- Title: ----------------------- 155 EXHIBIT G INDEMNITY, SUBROGATION AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT This INDEMNITY, SUBROGATION AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT (this "Agreement") is entered into as of November 8, 2005 among SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC., an Oregon corporation (the "Borrower"), MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT, INC., an Oregon corporation ("Manufacturing"), GENERAL METALS OF TACOMA, INC., a Washington corporation ("General Metals"), CASCADE STEEL ROLLING MILLS, INC., an Oregon corporation ("Cascade"), NORPROP, INC., an Oregon corporation ("Norprop"), JOINT VENTURE OPERATIONS, INC., a Delaware corporation ("JV Operations"), PROLERIDE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, INC., a Delaware corporation ("Proleride"), PROLER STEEL, INC., a Delaware corporation ("Proler Steel"), PROLER INTERNATIONAL CORP., a Delaware corporation ("Proler International"), PNP COMMERCIAL ACQUISITION, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("PNP"), PROLERIZED NEW ENGLAND COMPANY, a New York partnership ("Prolerized"), SCHNITZER GLOBAL EXCHANGE CORP., a Delaware corporation ("Global Exchange"), GREENLEAF AUTO RECYCLERS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Greenleaf"), PICK-N-PULL AUTO DISMANTLERS, a California general partnership ("Auto Dismantlers"), PICK AND PULL AUTO DISMANTLING, INC., a California corporation ("Auto Dismantling"), REGIONAL RECYCLING, INC., an Oregon corporation ("Regional Recycling"), SCHNITZER SOUTHEAST, LLC, a Georgia limited liability company ("Schnitzer Southeast"), TTS RECYCLING LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("TTS"), SCHNITZER STEEL HAWAII CORP., a Delaware corporation ("Schnitzer Hawaii"), PICK-N-PULL AUTO DISMANTLERS, STOCKTON, LLC, a California limited liability company ("Stockton" and together with Manufacturing, General Metals, Cascade, Norprop, JV Operations, Proleride, Proler Steel, Proler International, PNP, Prolerized, Global Exchange, Greenleaf, Auto Dismantlers, Auto Dismantling, Regional Recycling, Schnitzer Southeast, TTS, Schnitzer Hawaii and any additional guarantors becoming a party hereto as provided in Section 17 hereof, collectively, the "Guarantors" and individually, a "Guarantor"), and BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., a national banking association, as agent for the Lenders (as defined herein) and its successors as agent for the Lenders (in such capacity, and together with its successors as agent for the Lenders, the "Administrative Agent"). RECITALS A. The Borrower is a party to that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of November 8, 2005 by and among the Borrower, each lender from time to time party thereto (collectively, the "Lenders" and individually, a "Lender") and Bank of America, N.A., a national banking association, as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and an L/C Issuer (as amended, restated, modified, renewed, supplemented or extended from time to time, the "Credit Agreement"). B. The Guarantors are each a party to that certain Amended and Restated Continuing Guaranty dated as of November 8, 2005 (as amended, restated, modified, renewed, supplemented or extended from time to time, the "Guaranty"), pursuant to which each Guarantor guaranteed, among other things, the full and punctual payment or performance when due of all advances to, 156 and debts, liabilities, obligations, covenants and duties of the Borrower arising under the Credit Agreement. C. The Borrower, the Guarantors and the Administrative Agent wish to provide for the indemnification by the Borrower of the Guarantors with respect to amounts paid or assets sold by such Guarantors in connection with their obligations under the Guaranty. D. It is a condition precedent to each Lender's and L/C Issuer's obligation to make its initial Credit Extension under the Credit Agreement that the Borrower and the Guarantors (collectively, the "Loan Parties" and individually, a "Loan Party") enter into this Agreement. E. Each Guarantor as a direct or indirect wholly-owned Subsidiary of the Borrower will derive substantial and direct benefits (which benefits are hereby acknowledged by each Guarantor) from the Loans and other benefits to be provided to the Borrower under the Credit Agreement; NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing, and for other good and valuable consideration receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the Borrower, each Guarantor and the Administrative Agent, on behalf of itself and each Lender, hereby agree as follows: 1. DEFINITIONS; INTERPRETATION. All capitalized terms used in this Agreement and not otherwise defined herein have the meanings specified in the Guaranty or, if not defined therein, the Credit Agreement. The rules of construction and interpretation specified in Section 1.02 of the Credit Agreement also apply to this Agreement and are incorporated herein by this reference. 2. INDEMNITY AND SUBROGATION. In addition to all such rights of indemnity and subrogation as the Guarantors may have under applicable Law (but subject to Section 4 hereof), the Borrower agrees that in the event a payment shall be made by any Guarantor under the Guaranty of or in respect of a Guaranteed Obligation, the Borrower shall indemnify such Guarantor for the full amount of such payment and such Guarantor shall be subrogated to the rights of the Person to whom such payment shall have been made to the extent of such payment, the Borrower shall indemnify such Guarantor in an amount equal to the greater of the book value or the fair market value of the assets so sold. 3. CONTRIBUTION AND SUBROGATION. Each Guarantor (for purposes of this Section 3, a "Contributing Party") agrees (subject to Section 4 hereof) that, in the event a payment shall be made by any other Guarantor under the Guaranty and such Guarantor (for purposes of this Section 3, the "Claiming Party") shall not have been fully indemnified by the Borrower as provided in Section 2, the Contributing Party shall indemnify the Claiming Party in an amount equal to the amount of such payment multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the net worth of the Contributing Party on the date of the Guaranty (or, in the case of any Guarantor becoming a party hereto pursuant to Section 17 hereof, the date of the Supplement hereto executed and delivered by such Guarantor) and the denominator shall be the aggregate net worth of all the Guarantors on the date of the Guaranty (or, in the case of any Guarantor becoming a party hereto pursuant to Section 17 hereof, the date of the Supplement hereto executed and delivered by such Guarantor). Any Contributing Party making any payment to a Claiming Party 157 pursuant to this Section 3 shall be subrogated to the rights of such Claiming Party under Section 2 hereof to the extent of such payment. 4. SUBORDINATION. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, all rights of the Guarantors under Sections 2 and 3 hereof and all other rights of indemnity, contribution or subrogation under applicable Law or otherwise shall be fully subordinated to the indefeasible payment in full in cash of all Guaranteed Obligations. No failure on the part of any Loan Party to make the payments required by Sections 2 and 3 hereof (or any other payments required under applicable Law or otherwise) shall in any respect limit the obligations and liabilities of any Loan Party with respect to its obligations hereunder, and each Loan Party shall remain liable for the full amount of their respective obligations hereunder. 5. OBLIGATIONS ABSOLUTE. All rights of the Administrative Agent hereunder and all obligations of each Loan Party hereunder shall be irrevocable, absolute, independent and unconditional irrespective of (a) any lack of validity or enforceability of the Credit Agreement, any other Loan Document, any agreement with respect to any of the Guaranteed Obligations or any other agreement or instrument relating to any of the foregoing, (b) any change in the time, manner or place of payment of, or in any other term of, all or any of the Guaranteed Obligations, or any other amendment or waiver of or any consent to any departure from the Credit Agreement, any other Loan Document or any other agreement or instrument, (c) any exchange, release or non-perfection of any Lien on other collateral, or any release or amendment or waiver of or consent under or departure from any guarantee, securing or guaranteeing all or any of the Guaranteed Obligations, or (d) any other circumstance that might otherwise constitute a defense available to, or a discharge of, any Guarantor in respect of the Guaranteed Obligations or this Agreement. 6. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. Borrower and each Guarantor represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that: (a) Existence and Power. Borrower and such Guarantor (i) is duly organized or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization and (ii) has all requisite power and authority and all governmental licenses, authorizations, consents and approvals to execute, deliver, and perform its obligations under this Agreement. (b) Binding Effect. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Borrower and such Guarantor. This Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of Borrower and such Guarantor, except as such enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other Laws affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights generally. 7. TERMINATION. This Agreement shall survive and be in full force and effect so long as any Guaranteed Obligation is outstanding and has not been indefeasibly paid in full in cash (other than contingent indemnification obligations) and so long as the Commitments have not expired or been terminated, and shall continue and remain in full force and effect or be reinstated, as the case may be, in the event that all, or any part of, any payment of any Guaranteed Obligation is rescinded or recovered directly or indirectly from the Administrative 158 Agent, any Lender, any L/C Issuer or any Loan Party as a preference, fraudulent transfer or otherwise. 8. LOAN DOCUMENT. This Agreement is a Loan Document executed and delivered pursuant to the Credit Agreement and shall (unless otherwise expressly indicated herein) be construed, administered and applied in accordance with the terms and provisions thereof. 9. NOTICES. All notices and other communications provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or overnight courier service, mailed by certified or registered mail or sent by telecopier (a) in the case of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers, to the address or telecopier number specified for notices in Section 10.02 of the Credit Agreement and (b) in the case of the Loan Parties, to the address or facsimile number of the Borrower specified for notices on Section 10.02 of the Credit Agreement. Notices sent by hand or overnight courier service, or mailed by certified or registered mail, shall be deemed to have been given when received; notices sent by telecopier shall be deemed to have been given when sent (except that, if not given during normal business hours for the recipient, shall be deemed to have been given at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient). 10. NO WAIVER; CUMULATIVE REMEDIES. No failure by the Administrative Agent, any Lender, any L/C Issuer or any Loan Party to exercise, and no delay in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder or any Loan Document shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege. No waiver of any single breach or default under this Agreement shall be deemed a waiver of any other breach or default. The rights, remedies, powers and privileges provided herein and in the other Loan Documents are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, remedies, powers and privileges that may otherwise be available to the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Loan Parties. Any single or partial exercise of any right or remedy shall not preclude the further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or remedy. No notice or demand on any Loan Party in any case shall entitle such Loan Party or any other Loan Party to any other or further notice or demand in similar or other circumstances. 11. COSTS AND EXPENSES; INDEMNIFICATION; OTHER CHARGES. (a) Costs and Expenses. The Loan Parties jointly and severally agree to pay upon demand to the Administrative Agent the amount of any and all fees, costs or out-of-pocket expenses (including Attorney Costs) incurred by the Administrative Agent in connection with (i) the exercise, enforcement or protection of any of the rights of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers under this Agreement (including all such costs and expenses incurred during any "workout" or restructuring in respect of the Guaranteed Obligations and during any legal proceeding, including any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law) or (ii) the failure of any Loan Party to perform or observe any its obligations under this Agreement. (b) Indemnification. The Loan Parties jointly and severally agree to indemnify and hold harmless the Administrative Agent and its Affiliates, directors, officers, employees, counsel, agents and attorneys-in-fact (collectively the "Indemnitees") from and against any and 159 all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, claims, demands, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses and disbursements (including Attorney Costs) of any kind or nature whatsoever which may at any time be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against any such Indemnitee in any way relating to or arising out of or in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby or any action taken or omitted to be taken by it hereunder (the "Indemnified Liabilities"), in all cases, whether or not caused by or arising, in whole or in part, out of the negligence of the Indemnitee; provided that such indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnitee, be available to the extent that such liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, claims, demands, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee. The agreements in this subsection (b) shall survive the expiration or termination of the Commitments and the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all the Guaranteed Obligations. (c) Additional Guaranteed Obligations. All amounts due under this Section 10 shall be payable within ten days of written demand therefor. If any amount payable by any Loan Party under this Agreement is not paid when due, such amount shall (i) thereafter bear interest at a fluctuating interest rate per annum at all times equal to the Default Rate to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Laws and (ii) be additional Guaranteed Obligation. 12. SUCCESSOR AND ASSIGNS. The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns, except that no Loan Party may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent (and any attempted assignment or transfer by any Loan Party without such consent shall be null and void). Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, at the time any Guarantor is released by the Administrative Agent and the Lenders from its obligations under the Guaranty, such Guarantor will cease to have any rights or obligations under this Agreement. 13. GOVERNING LAW; JURISDICTION; ETC. (a) GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. (b) SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION. EACH LOAN PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY SUBMITS, FOR ITSELF AND ITS PROPERTY, TO THE NONEXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON SITTING IN KING COUNTY AND OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT OF THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON, AND ANY APPELLATE COURT FROM ANY THEREOF, IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, OR FOR RECOGNITION OR ENFORCEMENT OF ANY JUDGMENT, AND EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY AGREES THAT ALL CLAIMS IN RESPECT OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING MAY BE HEARD AND DETERMINED IN SUCH WASHINGTON STATE COURT OR, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN SUCH FEDERAL COURT. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND MAY BE 160 ENFORCED IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS BY SUIT ON THE JUDGMENT OR IN ANY OTHER MANNER PROVIDED BY LAW. NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT SHALL AFFECT ANY RIGHT THAT THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, ANY LENDER OR ANY L/C ISSUER MAY OTHERWISE HAVE TO BRING ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT AGAINST THE BORROWER OR ITS PROPERTIES IN THE COURTS OF ANY JURISDICTION. (c) WAIVER OF VENUE. EACH LOAN PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OF ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT IN ANY COURT REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH (B) OF THIS SECTION. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE DEFENSE OF AN INCONVENIENT FORUM TO THE MAINTENANCE OF SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN ANY SUCH COURT. (d) SERVICE OF PROCESS. EACH PARTY HERETO IRREVOCABLY CONSENTS TO SERVICE OF PROCESS IN THE MANNER PROVIDED FOR NOTICES IN SECTION 8 HEREOF. NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT WILL AFFECT THE RIGHT OF ANY PARTY HERETO TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY OTHER MANNER PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. 14. WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PERSON HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PERSON WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION. 15. AMENDMENTS, ETC. No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement, and no consent to any departure by any Loan Party therefrom, shall be effective unless in writing signed by the Administrative Agent, the Borrower and such Guarantor, subject to any consent required in accordance with Section 10.01 of the Credit Agreement, and each such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the making of a Loan or issuance of a Letter of Credit under the Credit Agreement shall not be construed as a waiver of any Default or Event of Default under the Credit Agreement. 16. COUNTERPARTS; INTEGRATION; EFFECTIVENESS. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall 161 constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. This Agreement and the other Loan Documents constitute the entire contract among the parties relating to the subject matter hereof and supersede any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement shall become effective when the Administrative Agent shall have received counterparts hereof that, when taken together, bear the signatures of each of the other parties hereto. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Agreement by telecopy shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement. 17. ADDITIONAL GUARANTORS. Pursuant to Section 6.12 of the Credit Agreement, each Domestic Subsidiary that becomes a Material Subsidiary and each Subsidiary designated a Designated Subsidiary is required to enter into this Agreement as a Guarantor upon becoming a Material Subsidiary or a Designated Subsidiary, as applicable. Upon the execution and delivery by such Material Subsidiary or a Designated Subsidiary of an instrument in the form of Annex 1 hereto and acceptance thereof by the Administrative Agent, such Material Subsidiary or Designated Subsidiary shall become a Loan Party hereunder with the same force and effect as if originally named as a Loan Party herein. The execution and delivery of any such instrument shall not require the consent of any other Loan Party hereunder. The rights and obligations of each Loan Party hereunder shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding the addition of any new Guarantor as a party to this Agreement. 18. SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable, (a) the legality, validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement shall not be affected or impaired thereby and (b) the parties shall endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provisions. The invalidity of a provision in a particular jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. 19. ORAL AGREEMENTS. ORAL AGREEMENTS OR ORAL COMMITMENTS TO LOAN MONEY, EXTEND CREDIT OR TO FORBEAR FROM ENFORCING REPAYMENT OF A DEBT ARE NOT ENFORCEABLE UNDER WASHINGTON LAW. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first above written. SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- 162 MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- GENERAL METALS OF TACOMA, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- CASCADE STEEL ROLLING MILLS, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- NORPROP, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- JOINT VENTURE OPERATIONS, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- 163 PROLERIDE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- PROLER STEEL, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- PROLER INTERNATIONAL CORP. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- PNP COMMERCIAL ACQUISITION, LLC By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- PROLERIZED NEW ENGLAND COMPANY By: Joint Venture Operations, Inc. Its: General Partner By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- 164 SCHNITZER GLOBAL EXCHANGE CORP. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- GREENLEAF AUTO RECYCLERS, LLC By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- PICK-N-PULL AUTO DISMANTLERS By: Norprop, Inc. Its: General Partner By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- PICK AND PULL AUTO DISMANTLING, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- REGIONAL RECYCLING, INC. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- 165 SCHNITZER SOUTHEAST, LLC By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- TTS RECYCLING LLC By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- SCHNITZER STEEL HAWAII CORP. By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- PICK-N-PULL AUTO DISMANTLERS, STOCKTON, LLC By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent By: ----------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: ----------------------------- 166 ANNEX 1 SUPPLEMENT SUPPLEMENT NO. ____ dated as of __________________, to the Indemnity, Subrogation and Contribution Agreement dated as of November 8, 2005 (the "Contribution Agreement") made among SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC., an Oregon corporation (the "Borrower"), MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT, INC., an Oregon corporation ("Manufacturing"), GENERAL METALS OF TACOMA, INC., a Washington corporation ("General Metals"), CASCADE STEEL ROLLING MILLS, INC., an Oregon corporation ("Cascade"), NORPROP, INC., an Oregon corporation ("Norprop"), JOINT VENTURE OPERATIONS, INC., a Delaware corporation ("JV Operations"), PROLERIDE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, INC., a Delaware corporation ("Proleride"), PROLER STEEL, INC., a Delaware corporation ("Proler Steel"), PROLER INTERNATIONAL CORP., a Delaware corporation ("Proler International"), PNP COMMERCIAL ACQUISITION, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("PNP"), PROLERIZED NEW ENGLAND COMPANY, a New York partnership ("Prolerized"), SCHNITZER GLOBAL EXCHANGE CORP., a Delaware corporation ("Global Exchange"), GREENLEAF AUTO RECYCLERS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Greenleaf"), PICK-N-PULL AUTO DISMANTLERS, a California general partnership ("Auto Dismantlers"), PICK AND PULL AUTO DISMANTLING, INC., a California corporation ("Auto Dismantling"), REGIONAL RECYCLING, INC., an Oregon corporation ("Regional Recycling"), SCHNITZER SOUTHEAST, LLC, a Georgia limited liability company ("Schnitzer Southeast"), TTS RECYCLING LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("TTS"), SCHNITZER STEEL HAWAII CORP., a Delaware corporation ("Schnitzer Hawaii"), PICK-N-PULL AUTO DISMANTLERS, STOCKTON, LLC, a California limited liability company ("Stockton" and together with Manufacturing, General Metals, Cascade, Norprop, JV Operations, Proleride, Proler Steel, Proler International, PNP, Prolerized, Global Exchange, Greenleaf, Auto Dismantlers, Auto Dismantling, Regional Recycling, Schnitzer Southeast, TTS, Schnitzer Hawaii and any additional guarantors becoming a party hereto as provided in Section 17 hereof, collectively, the "Guarantors" and individually, a "Guarantor"), and Bank of America, N.A., a national banking association, as administrative agent for the Lenders (as defined herein) and its successors as agent for the Lenders (in such capacity, and together with its successors as agent for the Lenders, the "Administrative Agent"). A. The Borrower is a party to that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of November 8, 2005 by and among the Borrower, each lender from time to time party thereto (collectively, the "Lenders" and individually, a "Lender") and Bank of America, N.A., a national banking association, as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and an L/C Issuer (as amended, restated, modified, renewed, supplemented or extended from time to time, the "Credit Agreement"). B. The Guarantors are each a party to that certain Amended and Restated Continuing Guaranty dated as of November 8, 2005 (as amended, restated, modified, renewed, supplemented or extended from time to time, the "Guaranty"), pursuant to which each Guarantor guaranteed, among other things, the full and punctual payment or performance when due of all advances to, and debts, liabilities, obligations, covenants and duties of the Borrower arising under the Credit Agreement. 167 C. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Contribution Agreement. D. The Borrower and the Guarantors have entered into the Contribution Agreement in order to induce the Lenders to make Credit Extensions under the Credit Agreement, and pursuant to Section 6.12 of the Credit Agreement, each Domestic Subsidiary that becomes a Material Subsidiary and each Subsidiary designated a Designated Subsidiary is required to enter into the Contribution Agreement as a Guarantor upon becoming a Material Subsidiary or a Designated Subsidiary, as applicable. E. The undersigned Subsidiary (the "New Guarantor") is executing this Supplement in accordance with the requirements of the Credit Agreement to become a Guarantor under the Contribution Agreement in consideration for the Lenders (including the Swing Line Lender) and the L/C Issuers to make Credit Extensions under the Credit Agreement. Accordingly, the New Guarantor agrees as follows: 1. In accordance with Section 17 of the Contribution Agreement, the New Guarantor by its signature below becomes a Guarantor under the Contribution Agreement with the same force and effect as if originally named therein as a Guarantor and the New Guarantor hereby (a) agrees to all the terms and provisions of the Contribution Agreement applicable to it as a Guarantor thereunder and (b) represents and warrants that the representations and warranties made by it as a Guarantor thereunder are true and correct on and as of the date hereof. Each reference to a "Guarantor" in the Contribution Agreement shall be deemed to include the New Guarantor. The Contribution Agreement is hereby incorporated herein by reference. 2. The New Guarantor represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers that this Supplement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by it and constitutes its legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other Laws affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights generally. 3. This Supplement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. This Supplement shall become effective when the Administrative Agent shall have received counterparts hereof that, when taken together, bear the signatures of each of the other parties hereto. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Supplement by telecopy shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Supplement. 4. Except as expressly supplemented hereby, the Contribution Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. 5. THIS SUPPLEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 168 6. Any provision of this Supplement that is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions thereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. 7. All communications and notices hereunder shall be in writing and given as provided in Section 8 of the Contribution Agreement. All communications and notices hereunder to the New Guarantor shall be given to it at the address set forth under its signature below. 8. The New Guarantor agrees to reimburse the Administrative Agent for its out-of-pocket expenses (including Attorney Costs) incurred in connection with this Supplement. 9. ORAL AGREEMENTS OR ORAL COMMITMENTS TO LOAN MONEY, EXTEND CREDIT OR TO FORBEAR FROM ENFORCING REPAYMENT OF A DEBT ARE NOT ENFORCEABLE UNDER WASHINGTON LAW. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the New Guarantor has executed this Supplement by its duly authorized officer as of the day and year first above written. [NEW GUARANTOR] By: --------------------------- Name: --------------------------- Title: --------------------------- Address: --------------------------- Accepted: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent By: ------------------------- Name: ------------------------- Title: ------------------------- 169 EXHIBIT H FORM OF LEGAL OPINION November 8, 2005 To the Lenders named on Schedule A attached hereto Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent Re: Amended and Restated Credit Agreement Ladies and Gentlemen: We have acted as counsel to Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc., an Oregon corporation (the "Borrower"), and as counsel to Cascade Steel Rolling Mills, Inc., an Oregon corporation ("Cascade"), Norprop, Inc., an Oregon corporation ("Norprop"), General Metals of Tacoma, Inc., a Washington corporation ("General Metals"), Joint Venture Operations, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("JV Operations"), Manufacturing Management, Inc., an Oregon corporation ("Manufacturing"), Proler International Corp., a Delaware corporation ("Proler International"), Proler Steel, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Proler Steel"), Proleride Transport Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Proleride"), Prolerized New England Company, a New York general partnership ("Prolerized"), Schnitzer Global Exchange Corp., a Delaware corporation ("Global Exchange"), Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, a California general partnership ("Auto Dismantlers"), Greenleaf Auto Recyclers, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Greenleaf"), Pick and Pull Auto Dismantling, Inc., a California corporation ("Auto Dismantling"), PNP Commercial Acquisition, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("PNP"), Regional Recycling, Inc., an Oregon corporation ("Regional Recycling"), Schnitzer Southeast, LLC, a Georgia limited liability company ("Southeast"), TTS Recycling LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("TTS"), Schnitzer Steel Hawaii Corp., a Delaware corporation ("Schnitzer Steel Hawaii"), and Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Stockton, LLC, a California limited liability company ("PNP Stockton" and together with Cascade, Norprop, General Metals, JV Operations, Manufacturing, Proler International, Proler Steel, Proleride, Prolerized, Global Exchange, Auto Dismantlers, Greenleaf, Auto Dismantling, PNP, Regional Recycling, Southeast, TTS, and Schnitzer Steel Hawaii, collectively, the "Guarantors" and individually, a "Guarantor"), in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of November 8, 2005 (the "Restated Credit Agreement") among the Borrower, Bank of America, N.A., a national banking association ("Bank of America"), Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, a national banking association ("Wells Fargo"), U.S. Bank National Association, a national banking association ("U.S. Bank"), the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd., a banking corporation organized under the laws of Japan ("BTM"), Citicorp USA, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Citicorp"), First Hawaiian Bank, a Hawaii corporation ("First Hawaiian"), Comerica West Incorporated, a Delaware corporation ("Comerica"), HSBC Bank USA, N.A., a national banking association ("HSBC Bank"), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., a national banking association ("JPMorgan Chase"), The Northern 170 Trust Company, an Illinois banking corporation ("Northern Trust"), PNC Bank, National Association, a national banking association ("PNC Bank" and together with Bank of America, Wells Fargo, U.S. Bank, BTM, Citicorp, First Hawaiian, Comerica, HSBC Bank, JPMorgan Chase and Northern Trust collectively, the "Lenders" and individually, a "Lender"), and Bank of America, N.A. as administrative agent for the Lenders (the "Administrative Agent") and as Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer. This opinion letter is provided to you at the request of the Borrower pursuant to Section 4.01(a)(v) of the Restated Credit Agreement. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined in this opinion letter have the meanings defined in the Restated Credit Agreement. The law covered by the opinions expressed herein is limited to the laws of the States of Washington and Oregon, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, New York State Partnership Law, the California Corporations Code, the California Limited Liability Company Act (also known as the Beverly-Killea Limited Liability Company Act), the California Uniform Partnership Act, the Georgia Limited Liability Company Act and the federal laws of the United States of America. This opinion letter is to be interpreted in accordance with the Guidelines for the Preparation of Closing Opinions issued by the Committee on Legal Opinions of the American Bar Association's Business Law Section as published in 57 Business Lawyer 875 (February 2002). A. LOAN DOCUMENTS AND MATTERS EXAMINED In connection with this opinion letter, we have examined originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such documents, records, certificates and statements of government officials, officers and other representatives of the persons referred to therein, and such other documents, as we have deemed relevant or necessary as the basis for the opinions herein expressed, including the following: A-1 Restated Credit Agreement. A-2 Amended and Restated Promissory Note (Committed Loans) dated November 8, 2005 from the Borrower payable to the order of Bank of America in the principal sum of $65,000,000. A-3 Amended and Restated Promissory Note (Committed Loans) dated November 8, 2005 from the Borrower payable to the order of Wells Fargo in the principal sum of $60,000,000. A-4 Amended and Restated Promissory Note (Committed Loans) dated November November 8, 2005 from the Borrower payable to the order of U.S. Bank in the principal sum of $50,000,000. A-5 Amended and Restated Promissory Note (Committed Loans) dated November 8, 2005 from the Borrower payable to the order of BTM in the principal sum of $40,000,000. 171 A-6 Amended and Restated Promissory Note (Committed Loans) dated November 8, 2005 from the Borrower payable to the order of Citicorp in the principal sum of $35,000,000. A-7 Amended and Restated Promissory Note (Committed Loans) dated November 8, 2005 from the Borrower payable to the order of First Hawaiian in the principal sum of $25,000,000. A-8 Amended and Restated Promissory Note (Committed Loans) dated November 8, 2005 from the Borrower payable to the order of Comerica in the principal sum of $25,000,000. A-9 Amended and Restated Promissory Note (Committed Loans) dated November 8, 2005 from the Borrower payable to the order of HSBC Bank in the principal sum of $25,000,000. A-10 Amended and Restated Promissory Note (Committed Loans) dated November 8, 2005 from the Borrower payable to the order of JPMorgan Chase in the principal sum of $25,000,000. A-11 Amended and Restated Promissory Note (Committed Loans) dated November 8, 2005 from the Borrower payable to the order of Northern Trust in the principal sum of $25,000,000. A-12 Amended and Restated Promissory Note (Committed Loans) dated November 8, 2005 from the Borrower payable to the order of PNC Bank in the principal sum of $25,000,000. A-13 Amended and Restated Promissory Note (Swing Line Loans) dated November 8, 2005 from the Borrower payable to the order of Bank of America in the principal sum of $25,000,000. A-14 Amended and Restated Continuing Guaranty dated November 8, 2005 (the "Guaranty") from the Guarantors to the Lenders, the L/C Issuers and Administrative Agent. A-15 Indemnity, Subrogation and Contribution Agreement dated November 8, 2005 (the "Contribution Agreement") made by the Borrower, the Guarantors and the Administrative Agent. The documents listed in A-1 through A-13 are herein collectively referred to as the "Borrower Documents." The Borrower Documents, together with the documents listed in A-14 and A-15 are herein collectively referred to as the "Loan Documents." B. ASSUMPTIONS For purposes of this opinion letter, we have relied on the following assumptions: B-1 The Borrowings and other Credit Extensions will be used solely for commercial or business purposes permitted under the Restated Credit Agreement, and no portion of the Borrowings or any other Credit Extensions will be used in any respect, directly or indirectly, for personal, family or household purposes. 172 B-2 All conditions precedent to the effectiveness of the Loan Documents have been satisfied or waived. B-3 The Credit Extensions may reasonably be expected to benefit, directly or indirectly, the Guarantors and the each Guarantor has received adequate and sufficient consideration and will derive adequate and sufficient benefit in respect of its obligations under its respective Guaranty. B-4 The "policies" referred to in Section 2.03(a)(iii)(B) of the Restated Credit Agreement are policies of general application and will be applied by the L/C Issuer in good faith and without discrimination against the Borrower. B-5 The parties who may exercise "sole discretion" in connection with Section 3.01(f) of the Restated Credit Agreement or Section 13(e) of the Guaranty will exercise that discretion in good faith and without discrimination against the Borrower or any Guarantor, as the case may be. Whenever a statement herein is qualified by the phrase "to our knowledge," or by any other similar phrase, or where it is noted that nothing has been brought to our attention, it means that the opinion stated is based solely on the conscious awareness of information by one or more of the following persons as to the matters being opined on: (i) the attorney who signs this opinion letter and (ii) the attorney at our firm who is principally in charge of our representation of the Borrower and the Guarantors. We have not undertaken any investigation to determine the accuracy of the matters covered by any such statement and any limited inquiry undertaken by us during the preparation of this opinion letter should not be regarded as such an investigation. No inference as to our knowledge of any matters bearing on the accuracy of the facts underlying any such statement should be drawn from the fact of our representation of the Borrower and the Guarantors. C. OPINIONS Based on the foregoing examinations and assumptions and subject to the qualifications and exclusions stated below, we are of the opinion that: C-1 The Borrower is a corporation duly incorporated and validly existing under Oregon law and is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation in California and Washington. C-2 The Borrower has corporate power and corporate authority to enter into, and to perform its obligations under, each of the Borrower Documents and the Contribution Agreement. C-3 The Borrower has authorized, by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Borrower, the execution and delivery of, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by, each of the Borrower Documents and the Contribution Agreement, and the Borrower has executed and delivered each of the Borrower Documents and the Contribution Agreement. 173 C-4 Each of the Borrower Documents and the Contribution Agreement constitutes the valid and binding obligation of the Borrower, enforceable against the Borrower in accordance with its terms. C-5 Cascade, Norprop, Manufacturing and Regional Recycling are each a corporation duly incorporated and validly existing under Oregon law; General Metals is a corporation duly incorporated and validly existing under Washington law; Prolerized was formed as a general partnership in New York and has not been dissolved; Auto Dismantlers was formed as a general partnership in California and has not been dissolved; Auto Dismantling is a corporation duly incorporated and validly existing under California law; PNP Stockton is a limited liability company duly organized and validly existing under California law; Southeast is a limited liability company duly organized and validly existing under Georgia law; JV Operations, Proler International, Proler Steel, Proleride, Global Exchange and Schnitzer Steel Hawaii are each a corporation and are each duly incorporated and validly existing under Delaware law; and Greenleaf, PNP and TTS are each limited liability companies and are each duly organized and validly existing under Delaware law. C-6 Each Guarantor has corporate, partnership or limited liability company power and corporate, partnership or limited liability company authority, as the case may be, to enter into, and to perform its obligations under, the Guaranty and the Contribution Agreement. C-7 Each Guarantor has authorized, by all necessary corporate, partnership or limited liability company action on the part of such Guarantor, the execution and delivery of, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by, the Guaranty and the Contribution Agreement, and each Guarantor has executed and delivered the Guaranty and the Contribution Agreement. C-8 The Guaranty and Contribution Agreement constitute the valid and binding obligation of each Guarantor, enforceable against each Guarantor in accordance with its terms. C-9 To our knowledge, except as disclosed in Schedule 5.06 to the Restated Credit Agreement, there are no actions or proceedings against the Borrower or any Guarantor pending before any court, government agency or arbitrator, or overtly threatened in writing, that seek to affect the enforceability of any of the Loan Documents or that, if adversely determined against the Borrower or any of the Guarantors, would materially and adversely affect the ability of the Borrower or any of the Guarantors to comply with their respective material obligations under the Loan Documents. C-10 The execution and delivery by the Borrower of, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by, each of the Loan Documents do not (a) violate the Borrower's Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws, or (b) to our knowledge, breach or otherwise violate any existing obligation of the Borrower under any court order that names the Borrower and is specifically directed to it or its property. C-11 The execution and delivery by each Guarantor of, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by, the Guaranty and Contribution Agreement do not (a) violate any Guarantor's Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws, or (b) to our knowledge, breach or otherwise 174 violate any existing obligation of any Guarantor under any court order that names the Borrower and is specifically directed to it or its property. C-12 The execution and delivery by the Borrower of, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by, each of the Borrower Documents and the Contribution Agreement are not prohibited by, nor do they subject the Borrower to the imposition of a fine, penalty or other similar sanction for a violation under, any applicable statutes or regulations. C-13 The execution and delivery by the Guarantors of, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by, the Guaranty and the Contribution Agreement are not prohibited by, nor do they subject any Guarantor to the imposition of a fine, penalty or other similar sanction for a violation under, any applicable statutes or regulations. C-14 Neither the Borrower nor any Person that Controls the Borrower (a) is a "holding company," or a "subsidiary company" of a "holding company," or an "affiliate" of a "holding company" or of a "subsidiary company" of a "holding company," within the meaning of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, as amended, or (b) is, or is required to be registered as, an "investment company" under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. C-15 The provisions of the Loan Documents (without regard to any provisions thereof limiting the payment of interest or any other sums thereunder to the highest rate permitted by applicable law or any similar savings provisions) do not violate any applicable statute of the State of Washington relating to usury. D. QUALIFICATIONS, EXCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONS The opinions set forth herein are subject to the following qualifications: D-1 The effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, receivership, moratorium, fraudulent transfer and other similar laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors generally, and the effect of general principles of equity, whether applied by a court of law or equity. D-2 Without limiting the other qualifications set forth in this opinion letter, certain provisions contained in the Loan Documents may not be enforceable, but such unenforceability will not render any of the Loan Documents invalid as a whole or preclude: (i) judicial enforcement of the obligations of the Borrower to repay the principal amount of the Loans, to reimburse the L/C Issuers for amounts drawn under a Letter of Credit and to pay interest (to the extent not deemed a penalty) on the principal amount of the Loans and on the unreimbursed amounts drawn under a Letter of Credit, all as provided in the Restated Credit Agreement; or (ii) acceleration of the obligation of the Borrower to repay the principal amount of the Loans or to reimburse the L/C Issuers for amounts drawn under a Letter of Credit, upon default by the Borrower in the payment of such principal or such drawn amounts, or upon continuing material default by the Borrower in the performance of any other enforceable obligation of the Borrower under the Borrower Documents or 175 the Contribution Agreement (to the extent the Credit Documents provide for such acceleration) and upon notice to the Borrower of such acceleration. D-3 No opinion is expressed herein as to indemnification provisions of the Loan Documents to the extent any indemnification provided for therein is for the negligence of any indemnified person, any violation of law by the indemnified person or might otherwise be determined to violate public policy. D-4 No opinion is given regarding the enforceability of the parties' choice of Washington law in the Loan Documents. D-5 The enforceability of the Guaranty and of the Contribution Agreement will be subject to Washington case law to the effect that each Guarantor may be exonerated if the Lenders alter the original obligation of the Borrower, fail to inform such Guarantor of material information pertinent to the Borrower, elect remedies that may impair the subrogation rights of such Guarantor against the Borrower, or otherwise take any action that materially prejudices such Guarantor unless, in any such case, such Guarantor validly waives such rights or the consequences of any such action. We express no opinion as to whether the Guaranty or the Contribution Agreement contain an express and specific waiver of each exoneration defense the Guarantors might assert or if any particular waiver would be enforceable. D-6 No opinion is given as to the enforceability of the purported waiver of jury trial or the provisions relating to venue in the Loan Documents. D-7 No opinion is given regarding the enforceability of attorneys' fees provisions that provide for an award of fees to other than the prevailing party or the amount of attorneys' fees that may be awarded. D-8 We express or imply no opinion regarding the accuracy of any representation in the Loan Documents, the financial status of any of the Loan Parties or any person's ability to perform any obligations under the Loan Documents. D-9 The courts of the State of Washington may consider extrinsic evidence of the circumstances surrounding the negotiation and execution of such Loan Documents to ascertain the intent of the parties in using the words in the Loan Documents, regardless of the presence or absence of ambiguity, and regardless of a statement by the parties that the written agreement constitutes an integrated expression of their agreement. Our opinions in paragraph C-4 and C-8 are expressly qualified to the extent that determination of the intent of the parties based on evidence other than the words used in the Loan Documents, would lead to a result differing from our opinion. This opinion letter is delivered as of its date and without any undertaking to advise you of any changes of law or fact that occur after the date of this opinion letter even though the changes may affect the legal analysis, a legal conclusion or information confirmed in this opinion letter. A copy of this opinion letter may be delivered by you to subsequent assignees and participants permitted under the Restated Credit Agreement, and such persons may rely on this opinion letter as if it were addressed and had been delivered to them on the date hereof. Subject 176 to the foregoing, this opinion letter is rendered only to you and is solely for your benefit in connection with the transaction contemplated by the Loan Documents. This opinion letter may not be used or relied on for any other purpose or by any other person without our prior written consent. Very truly yours, STOEL RIVES LLP 177 SCHEDULE A ---------- Bank of America, N.A., Bank of America, N.A. as Administrative Agent Commercial Banking Commercial Agency Management Mail Code: WA1-501-36-06 Mail Code: WA1 501 37 20 800 Fifth Avenue, Floor 36 800 Fifth Avenue, Floor 37 Seattle, Washington 98104 Seattle, Washington 98104 Attn: Timothy G. Holsapple Attn: Dora A. Brown Senior Vice President Vice President Wells Fargo Bank, National Association Comerica West Incorporated Portland Reg. Commercial Banking Office 611 Anton Boulevard, Suite 400 1300 SW Fifth Avenue, Suite 1300 Costa Mesa, California 92626 Portland, Oregon 97201 Attn: Don R. Carruth Attn: James L Franzen Corporate Banking Officer Vice President U.S. Bank National Association HSBC Bank USA, N.A. Northwest Corporate Banking Division 601 SW Second Avenue, Suite 1650 111 SW Fifth Avenue, Suite 400 Portland, Oregon 97204 Portland, Oregon 97204 Attn: Paul W. Ip Attn: Scott J. Bell Vice President Vice President The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. 2300 Pacwest Center 1999 Avenue of the Stars, Suite 2700 1211 SW Fifth Avenue Los Angeles, California 90067 Portland, Oregon 97204 Attn: Molly Morgan Attn: Hiroki Nakazawa Vice President Vice President & Manager Citicorp USA, Inc. The Northern Trust Company Citigroup Private Bank 50 South LaSalle Street 153 East 53rd Street, Floor 18 Chicago, Illinois 60603 New York, New York 10022 Attn: Morgan A. Lyons Attn: William Douglass Vice President Vice President First Hawaiian Bank PNC Bank, National Association Corporate Hawaii Division One PNC Plaza 999 Bishop Street, Floor 11 249 Fifth Avenue Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-2707 Attn: Morris D. Rabinko Attn: Louis McLinden Vice President Vice President 178
EX-21.1 3 exhibit21-1_13962.htm SUBSIDIARIES OF REGISTRANT WWW.EXFILE.COM, INC. -- 13962 -- SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC. -- EXHIBIT 21.1 TO FORM 10-Q
EXHIBIT 21.1


SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC.
List of Subsidiaries
 
Subsidiary
State of Incorporation
   
B. Rovner & Co., Inc.
New Hampshire
Cascade Steel Rolling Mills, Inc
Oregon
Crawford Street Corporation
Oregon
Edman Corp.
Oregon
FerMar, LLC
Oregon
General Metals of Alaska, Inc.
Oregon
General Metals of Tacoma, Inc.
Washington
GLA Real Estate Holdings, LLC
Delaware
Greenleaf Auto Recyclers, LLC
Delaware
H. Finkelman Co., Inc.
Maine
Joint Venture Operations, Inc.
Delaware
Levi's Iron and Metal, Inc.
Oregon
Manufacturing Management, Inc.
Oregon
Metals Recycling LLC
Rhode Island
Mormil Corp.
Oregon
New England Metal Recycling LLC
Massachusetts
Norprop, Inc.
Oregon
Norprop Canadian Properties, Inc.
Oregon
Oregon Rail Marketing Co.
Oregon
Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers
California General Partnership
Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, LLC
California
Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Chicago, LLC
Illinois
Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Columbus,, LLC
Delaware
Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Kansas City, LLC
Delaware
Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers Oakland
California General Partnership
Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers Nevada LLC
Nevada
Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, St. Louis, LLC
Delaware
Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Stockton, LLC
California
Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers, Virginia Beach, LLC
Delaware
Pick and Pull Auto Dismantling, Inc.
California
Pick-N-Pull San Jose Auto Dismantlers
California General Partnership
PNP Auto Parts Canada Co.
Nova Scotia
PNP Commercial Acquisition, LLC
Delaware
PNP Distributors, Inc.
California
Proler Industries, Inc.
Delaware
Proler International Corp.
Delaware
Proler Steel, Inc.
Delaware
Proleride Transport Systems, Inc.
Delaware
Prolerized New England Company, dba Patriot Metals
New York General Partnership
Regional Recycling, Inc
Oregon
Schnitzer Global Exchange Corp.
Delaware
Schnitzer Southeast, LLC
Georgia
Schnitzer Steel Hawaii Corp.
Delaware
Scrap Financial Services, LLC
Oregon
SD&G, Inc.
Nevada

 
 

 


SFS II, LLC
Idaho
SSI International, Inc.
Guam
SSI International Far East Ltd.
Korea
SSP Reclamation Company
Oregon
TTS Recycling, LLC
Delaware
U-Pull-It, Inc.
California
Western Pick-N-Pull Auto Dismantlers
Utah General Partnership
 
 
EX-23.1 4 exhibit23-1_13962.htm CONSENT OF ACCOUNTANTS WWW.EXFILE.COM, INC. -- 13962 -- SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC. -- EXHIBIT 23.1 TO FORM 10-Q
EXHIBIT 23.1



CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Nos. 33-87008, 333-21895 and 333-100511) of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. of our report dated November 14, 2005 relating to the financial statements, financial statement schedule, management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K.



PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Portland, Oregon
November 14, 2005


EX-24.1 5 exhibit24-1_13962.htm POWER OF ATTORNEY WWW.EXFILE.COM, INC. -- 13962 -- SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC. -- EXHIBIT 24.1 TO FORM 10-Q

EXHIBIT 24.1

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

 

(Form 10-K)

 

 

The undersigned hereby constitutes and appoints each of Gregory J. Witherspoon and Vicki A. Piersall his true and lawful attorney and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. for the year ended August 31, 2005 and any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each attorney and agent full power and authority to do any and all acts and things necessary or advisable to be done, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that the attorney and agent or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Dated:

November 3, 2005.

 

 

 

 

/s/ John D. Carter             

 

JOHN D. CARTER

 

 


 

 

 

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

 

(Form 10-K)

 

 

The undersigned hereby constitutes and appoints each of John D. Carter, Gregory J. Witherspoon and Vicki A. Piersall his true and lawful attorney and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. for the year ended August 31, 2005 and any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each attorney and agent full power and authority to do any and all acts and things necessary or advisable to be done, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that the attorney and agent or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Dated:

October 31, 2005.

 

 

 

 

/s/ Robert S. Ball             

 

ROBERT S. BALL

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

 

(Form 10-K)

 

 

The undersigned hereby constitutes and appoints each of John D. Carter, Gregory J. Witherspoon and Vicki A. Piersall his true and lawful attorney and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. for the year ended August 31, 2005 and any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each attorney and agent full power and authority to do any and all acts and things necessary or advisable to be done, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that the attorney and agent or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Dated:

October 31, 2005.

 

 

 

 

/s/ William A. Furman             

 

WILLIAM A. FURMAN

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

 

(Form 10-K)

 

 

The undersigned hereby constitutes and appoints each of John D. Carter, Gregory J. Witherspoon and Vicki A. Piersall his true and lawful attorney and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. for the year ended August 31, 2005 and any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each attorney and agent full power and authority to do any and all acts and things necessary or advisable to be done, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that the attorney and agent or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Dated:

October 31, 2005.

 

 

 

 

/s/ Scott Lewis             

 

SCOTT LEWIS

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

 

(Form 10-K)

 

 

The undersigned hereby constitutes and appoints each of John D. Carter, Gregory J. Witherspoon and Vicki A. Piersall his true and lawful attorney and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. for the year ended August 31, 2005 and any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each attorney and agent full power and authority to do any and all acts and things necessary or advisable to be done, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that the attorney and agent or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Dated:

October 30, 2005

 

 

 

 

/s/ Kenneth M. Novack             

 

KENNETH M. NOVACK

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

 

(Form 10-K)

 

The undersigned hereby constitutes and appoints each of John D. Carter, Gregory J. Witherspoon and Vicki A. Piersall her true and lawful attorney and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for her and in her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. for the year ended August 31, 2005 and any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each attorney and agent full power and authority to do any and all acts and things necessary or advisable to be done, as fully and to all intents and purposes as she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that the attorney and agent or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Dated:

November 1, 2005.

 

 

 

 

/s/ Jean S. Reynolds             

 

JEAN S. REYNOLDS

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

 

(Form 10-K)

 

 

The undersigned hereby constitutes and appoints each of John D. Carter, Gregory J. Witherspoon and Vicki A. Piersall her true and lawful attorney and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for her and in her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. for the year ended August 31, 2005 and any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each attorney and agent full power and authority to do any and all acts and things necessary or advisable to be done, as fully and to all intents and purposes as she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that the attorney and agent or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Dated:

November 2, 2005

 

 

 

 

/s/ Jill Schnitzer Edelson             

 

 

JILL SCHNITZER EDELSON

 

 


 

 

 

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

 

(Form 10-K)

 

 

The undersigned hereby constitutes and appoints each of John D. Carter, Gregory J. Witherspoon and Vicki A. Piersall his true and lawful attorney and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. for the year ended August 31, 2005 and any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each attorney and agent full power and authority to do any and all acts and things necessary or advisable to be done, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that the attorney and agent or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Dated:

November 4, 2005.

 

 

 

 

/s/ Ralph R. Shaw             

 

RALPH R. SHAW

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EX-31.1 6 exhibit31-1_13962.htm SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION OF C.E.O. WWW.EXFILE.COM, INC. -- 13962 -- SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC. -- EXHIBIT 31.1 TO FORM 10-Q
 
Exhibit 31.1
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, John D. Carter, certify that:
 
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc.;
 
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) and internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the registrant and have:
 
 
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared,
 
 
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
 
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
 
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
 
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
 
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
 
November 14, 2005
 
/s/ JOHN D. CARTER

John D. Carter
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
EX-31.2 7 exhibit31-2_13962.htm SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION OF C.F.O. WWW.EXFILE.COM, INC. -- 13962 -- SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC. -- EXHIBIT 31.2 TO FORM 10-Q
 
Exhibit 31.2
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Gregory J. Witherspoon, certify that:
 
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc.;
 
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) and internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the registrant and have:
 
 
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared,
 
 
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
 
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
 
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
 
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
 
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
 
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
 
November 14, 2005
 
/s/ GREGORY J. WITHERSPOON

Gregory J. Witherspoon
Interim Chief Financial Officer
 
EX-32.1 8 exhibit32-1_13962.htm SECTION 906 CERTIFICATION OF C.E.O. WWW.EXFILE.COM, INC. -- 13962 -- SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC. -- EXHIBIT 32.1 TO FORM 10-Q
Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002



In connection with the Annual Report of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2005 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:
 

 
(1)
The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2)
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 





/s/ JOHN D. CARTER

John D. Carter
President and Chief Executive Officer


November 14, 2005
 
EX-32.2 9 exhibit32-2_13962.htm SECTION 906 CERTIFICATION OF C.F.O. WWW.EXFILE.COM, INC. -- 13962 -- SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC. -- EXHIBIT 32.2 TO FORM 10-Q
Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002



In connection with the Annual Report of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2005 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Gregory J. Witherspoon, Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:
 

 
(1)
The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2)
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 





/s/ GREGORY J. WITHERSPOON

Gregory J. Witherspoon
Interim Chief Financial Officer


November 14, 2005


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