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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) pursuant to Section 856(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). In order for us to qualify as a REIT, at least 95 percent of our gross income in any year must be derived from qualifying sources. In addition, a REIT must distribute annually at least 90 percent of its REIT taxable income (calculated without any deduction for dividends paid and excluding capital gain) to its stockholders and meet other tests.

Qualification as a REIT involves the satisfaction of numerous requirements (on an annual and quarterly basis) established under highly technical and complex Code provisions for which there are limited judicial or administrative interpretations, and involves the determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control. In addition, frequent changes occur in the area of REIT taxation which requires us to continually monitor our tax status. We analyzed the various REIT tests and confirmed that we continued to qualify as a REIT for the quarter ended June 30, 2017.

As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to United States ("U.S.") federal income taxes at the corporate level on the ordinary taxable income we distribute to our stockholders as dividends. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, our taxable income could be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates (including any applicable alternative minimum tax). Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state and local income taxes as well as U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income. In addition, taxable income from non-REIT activities managed through taxable REIT subsidiaries is subject to federal, state, and local income taxes. The Company is also subject to local income taxes in Canada as a result of the acquisition of Carefree in 2016. We do not provide for withholding taxes on our undistributed earnings from our Canadian subsidiaries as they are reinvested and will continue to be reinvested indefinitely outside of the U.S.

Our taxable REIT subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income taxes as well as state and local income and franchise taxes. In addition, our Canadian subsidiaries are subject to income tax in Canada.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the impact of temporary differences between the amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the bases of such assets and liabilities as measured by tax laws. Deferred tax assets are reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance to the amount where realization is more likely than not assured after considering all available evidence. Our temporary differences primarily relate to net operating loss carryforwards, depreciation and basis differences between tax and U.S. GAAP on our Canadian investments. Generally, full valuation allowances are recorded against all U.S. federal deferred tax assets. For Canadian purposes, a deferred tax liability of $21.7 million has been recorded in relation to a corporate entity and included in “Other liabilities” in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2017. There are no U.S. federal deferred tax assets or liabilities included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

We had no unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2017 and 2016. We do not expect significant increases or decreases in unrecognized tax benefits due to changes in tax positions within one year of June 30, 2017.

We recorded a current tax benefit for federal, state, and Canadian income taxes of $7 thousand, and current tax expense of $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $0.2 million and $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

We recorded $0.4 million and $0.7 million of deferred tax benefit in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. There was no deferred tax benefit or expense recorded for the three months or six months ended June 30, 2016.

SHS is currently under audit by the Internal Revenue Service for the tax year 2015.